The insulin receptor (IR) form hybrids with the closely related insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor (IGFI-R). Because most human breast carcinomas overexpress both the IR and the IGF-I-R, we evaluated whether the insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptor (Hybrid-R) is also overexpressed in these tumors and what role it plays in breast cancer biology. Using specific ELISAs and Western blots, we measured Hybrid-R content and function in 8 human cultured breast cancer cell lines and 39 human breast cancer specimens. Hybrid-R content and function were also compared to the content and function of the IR and the IGF-I-R. Hybrid-R content exceeded the IGF-I-R content in>75% of breast cancer specimens and was directly related to the molar ratio of both the IR and IGF-I-R content, suggesting that Hybrid-R formation occurred by random assembly of IR and IGF-I-R half-receptors. Hybrid-Rs became tyrosine autophosphorylated when breast cancer cells were exposed to IGF-I but not when they were exposed to insulin. In cells with an elevated Hybrid-R content, Hybrid-R autophosphorylation in response to IGF-I exceeded IGF-I-R autophosphorylation, suggesting that most of the IGF-I effect occurred via the Hybrid-R. Furthermore, Hybrid-Rs mediated growth in response to IGF-I, as indicated by experiments with blocking antibodies to the IGF-I-R. These data indicated therefore that: ( a) Hybrid-Rs are present and play a major role in mediating the IGF-I signal in breast cancer; (b) their expression is directly related to IR overexpression; and (c) potential therapies designed to block IGF-I actions in breast cancer must take into account the role of these Hybrid-Rs. INTRODUCTION Both the IR and the closely related IGF-I-R are overexpressed in most human breast cancer specimens and cultured cells (1, 2), and both play a role in the biology of breast cancer (3, 4). When overexpressed, both the IR and the IGF-I-R induce a ligand-dependent transformed phenotype (5, 6), and their content in breast cancer correlates with clinical outcome (2, 7–9). The ligand for IGF-I-R, IGF-I, is produced by stromal fibroblasts in the cancer tissue and acts in a paracrine manner on the IGF-I-R of breast cancer cells (10, 11). In contrast, insulin, the ligand for the IR, is not locally produced. Thus, the exact role and hormone regulation of the IR in breast cancer are unknown. Both the IR and the IGF-I-R are tetrameric complexes consisting of two identical extracellular-subunits that bind the hormone and two identical b-subunits that have ligand-activated tyrosine kinase activity. In cells and tissues coexpressing both IR and IGF-I-R, Hybrid-Rs, formed by one IRa and one b-subunit hemicomplex and one IGF-I-R a andb-subunit hemicomplex, have been observed (12–14). Functional studies with purified Hybrid-Rs indicate that they behave like IGF-I-Rs rather than IRs because they bind IGF-I with an affinity similar to that of the IGF-I-R, whereas they bind insulin with a much lower affinity (14, 15). Our understanding of the biological role of Hybrid-Rs, when compared to IRs and IGF-I-Rs, has been hampered in part Received 8/27/98; revised 4/12/99; accepted 4/22/99. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisementin accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 This work was supported in part by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica, e Technologica (M.U.R.S.T.) 60%, the Wellcome Trust, the J. A. Kerner Foundation, the Jay Gershow Cancer Fund, and the Ladies Auxiliary of the Veterans of the Foreign Wars. G. P., F. F., and A. I. were supported by fellowships from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Cattedra di Endocrinologia, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Policlinico Mater Domini, via T. Campanella, Catanzare, Italy. Phone: 39-95-32-62-90; Fax: 39-95-715-80-72; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 3 The abbreviations used are: IR, insulin receptor; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; IGF-I-R, IGF-I receptor; Hybrid-R, IR/IGF-I-R hybrid receptor; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; CV, coefficient of variation. 1935 Vol. 5, 1935–1944, July 1999 Clinical Cancer Research Research. on November 11, 2017. © 1999 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from by the difficulty of directly measuring the absolute content of these Hybrid-Rs. Currently, Hybrid-Rs have been measured as the proportion ofI-IGF-I binding immunoprecipitated by an anti-IR antibody (16). Thus, the presence, relative abundance, and functional role of Hybrid-Rs in human breast cancer are unknown. In this report, we describe novel ELISAs that allow the direct measurement of the content of IRs, IGF-I-Rs, and Hybrid-Rs in breast cancer cells and specimens. These studies indicate that, in many breast cancers, the Hybrid-R is the major receptor that mediating the mitogenic response to IGF-I. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following materials were purchased as follows: MCDB-170 medium, FCS, bovine pituitary extract, and gentamicin obtained from Life Technologies, Inc. (Paisley, United Kingdom); and MEM, DMEM Nutrient Mixture-F-12 Ham's medium (1:1 DMEM/F-12), and all chemicals, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Tyr-A14-I-labeled insulin (specific activity, 13.3 MBq/ mg) was provided by Dr. R. Navalesi (Dipartmento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy). Ilabeled IGF-I (specific activity, 11.8 MBq/ mg) was obtained from DuPont-NEN (Boston, MA). Antibodies to the IR and IGF-I-R and their reactivity with Hybrid-Rs are listed in Table 1. Monoclonal antibodyaIR-3 was purchased from Oncogene Research (Cambridge, MA), anti-IGF-I-Ra-subunit chicken polyclonal antibody was purchased from Upstate Biotechnology, Inc. (Lake Placid, NY), and anti-IRb-subunit polyclonal antibody was purchased from Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY). Antibodies MA-20, MA-51, CT-1, 83-7, 47-9, and 17-69 were obtained as described previously (Table 1; Refs. 16–23). Antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody (aPy, clone 4G10) was purchased from Upstate Biotechnology, Inc. MDA-MB231 and T47-D human breast cancer cell lines were provided by Dr. I. Perroteau (Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy). MDAMB157, MDA-MB453, MDA-MB468, and BT-20 breast cancer cells were provided by Dr. T. Kamalati (Sutton, London, United Kingdom). The immortalized 184B5 human mammary epithelial cell line was provided by Dr. M. R. Stampfer (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Life Science Division, Berkeley, CA). MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells and the immortalized human breast epithelial cells MCF-10 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). Cell Lines and Human Tissue Specimens Cell Lines. Breast cancer cell lines were grown in MEM supplemented with 2 m M glutamine, 10% FCS, nonessential amino acids, and 40mg/ml gentamicin. The immortalized human epithelial cell lines MCF-10 and 184B5 cells were grown as described previously (24, 25). MCF-10 cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 with 5% equine serum, 0.1 mg/ml cholera toxin, 10 mg/ml insulin, 0.5mg/ml hydrocortisone, and 0.02 mg/ml epidermal growth factor. 184-B5 cells were cultured in MCDB170 medium supplemented with 70 mg/ml bovine pituitary extract, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 5 mg/ml insulin, 0.14 mM hydrocortisone, 0.1 mM ethanolamine, 0.1 m M phosphoethanolamine, and 5mg/ml transferrin. In all cell lines, the medium was routinely changed every 2 days. Normal Breast Tissue Isolation (Organoids). Normal breast tissue was isolated according to the organoid preparation protocol, as described previously (26). Briefly, breast tissue freshly obtained at reductive mammoplasty surgery from three subjects was cut into small pieces and washed twice with M199 medium containing 1000 units/ml penicillin, 1000 mg/ml streptomycin, and 25 ng/ml amphotericin B and incubated overnight at 4°C. Tissue samples were further cut into smaller pieces and incubated in M199 medium containing 200 units/ml collagenase, 160 units/ml ialuronidase, 0.5 mg/ml hydrocortisone, and 10 mg/ml insulin at 37°C for 24 h under continuous rotation. Organoids were then recovered by centrifugation and frozen in liquid nitrogen until processing. Breast Tissue Specimens. Fresh tissue specimens were collected at surgery, carefully dissected by a pathologist to minimize contamination with stromal tissue, and immediately frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until processing. Thirty-nine breast cancer specimens (32 ductal and 7 lobular carcinomas) were studied. In all, an adequate amount of tissue ( ;300 mg) for receptor measurements was available. Clinical information, including patient age and menopausal status, histopathological cancer characteristics, and tumor-node-metastasis stage were obtained by independent chart review. As controls, 9 breast fibroadenomas and 18 normal breast specimens were studied. IR, IGF-I-R, and Hybrid-R Measurements For receptor measurement in the ELISAs, cell monolayers or tissues were solubilized with 50 m M HEPES buffer (pH 7.6) containing 1 mM PMSF/1% Triton X-100 for 60 min at 4°C. The solubilized material was then centrifuged at 10,000 3 g, and the supernatant was frozen at 280°C until assay. The protein content in the cellular extracts was measured by the bicinchoninic acid method (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Purification of Standard IR, IGF-I-R, and Hybrid-R. The IR standard was purified by NIH-3T3 cells transfected with human IR cDNA, and the IGF-I-R standard was from CHO cells transfected with human IGF-I-R cDNA. Cells were solubilized with Triton X-100 and receptors purified by sequential affinity Table 1 Characteristics of receptor monoclonal antibodies used Antibody Subun


Domestic pigs have become very different form the wild ancestors they originate from. Selection for muscle growth and meat quality has made the pig a good model for genetic studies of muscle develo ...


This article describes the experimental calibration of a three-dimensional numerical model of an Alfa Pendular train vehicle based on modal parameters. The dynamic tests of the carbody and bogie of the vehicle allowed the determination of the frequencies and modal configurations of 13 vibration modes, by applying the data-driven stochastic subspace identification method. In addition, a dynamic characterisation test of the passenger-seat system was also conducted. The calibration of the model was performed using a submodelling/multistep approach involving two phases, the first one focused on the calibration of the model of the bogie under test conditions and the second one focused on the calibration of the complete model of the vehicle. The calibration was performed through an iterative method based on a genetic algorithm and allowed to obtain optimal values of 17 parameters of the numerical model. For the pairing of the vibration modes, real and complex, a recent technique was used based on the calculation of the modal strain energy. The stability of a significant number of parameters considering different initial populations demonstrated the robustness of the algorithm. The comparison of experimental and numerical responses before and after calibration revealed significant improvements in the numerical model and a very good correlation between the responses obtained with the calibrated model and the experimental responses.


The Paion PPII network processor is designed to meet the growing need for new high bandwidth network equipment. In order to rapidly reconfigure the processor for frequently varying internet services and technologies, a high performance compiler is urgently needed. Albeit various code generation techniques have been proposed for DSPs or ASIPs, we experienced these techniques are not easily tailored towards the target Paion PPII processor due to striking architectural differences. First, we will show the architectural challenges posed by the target processor. Second, novel compiler techniques will be described that effectively exploit unorthogonal architectural features. The techniques include virtual data path, compiler intrinsics, and interprocedural register allocation. Third, intermediate benchmark results will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques.


We investigated an S-band single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser based on a high-quality double-ring passive subring resonator. An ultra-narrow linewidth of 568 Hz and an ultra-high OSNR of 77 dB were achieved.


Jonardon Ganeri's Attention, Not Self is a terrific book. It aims to defend a picture of the mind that emerges from the work of Theravāda Abhidhamma Buddhists writing in Pāli, especially Buddhagosa (5th century CE). The Buddhists defend the theory of "no-self", i.e., the view that there is no ultimately existent referent of the first person pronoun "I", which plays the role of a subject with respect to conscious experiences and thoughts and the role of an agent with respect to mental, linguistic and physical acts. This raises a challenge. The theory of "no-self" is hard to reconcile with the fact that our conscious experiences and actions seemingly unfold within a perspective occupied by a subject who undergoes those experiences and performs actions. Ganeri brilliantly reconstructs Buddhaghosa's response to this challenge. Attention plays a central role in this response: it explains those perspectival features of ordinary conscious experiences and intentional actions which create the illusion of an ultimately existent self. An attractive feature of this account—Buddhaghosa's Attentionalism—is that it avoids many of the problems faced by other Buddhist attempts at addressing the challenge. For example, the Sautrāntika philosophers endorse the first of the following two theses, and the Yogācāra philosophers endorse both:


In this paper,the state-of-the-art research on two-pass DInSAR under the influence of reference DEM is summarized.This paper takes typical flat ground and mountain land at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as test regions.Using ERS Tandem image pairs without any deformation in theory and three external reference DEMs(SRTM,ASTER GDEM,1:50000 DEM),the two-pass DInSAR processing with the help of ROI_PAC software is performed.In this paper,the way that multisource DEMs affects deformation results in two-pass DInSAR has been proved.The fact is that SRTM is more suitable to be external reference DEM in two-pass DInSAR.Finally,the differences of multisource DEMs' data quality resulting in differences of registration errors between interferogram and DEM are explored,and the effect of data quality can be shown in final DInSAR phase errors.


[Objective]To investigate the effect of Avi A capsule in the induced differentiation therapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.[Methods]47 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated in our hospital were chosen,they were randomly divided into the observation group(24 cases)and the control group(23 cases).Observation group was treated with cisplatin + Avi A capsule program,while the control group was treated with cisplatin alone.All patients were treated with two cycles of chemotherapy.Patients' outcomes,the incidence of adverse reactions and the levels of CEA,NSE,CYFRA21-1 were compared.[Results]① The effective rate and the disease control rate in the observation group were higher than the controls,but there were no statistical significance(P﹥0.05).② After treatment,the CEA,NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than before(P﹤0.05),while in the control group,only CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly decreased(P﹤0.05).The CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group(P﹤0.05).③ The incidence of adverse reactions had no significant difference between the two groups(P﹥0.05).[Conclusion]Avi A capsule can significantly reduce the advanced non-small cell lung cancer serum levels of tumor markers and improve the outcome to a certain extent.


The moment of perinatal hypoxic injury is still difficult to be identified by current monitoring techniques. Recent studies highlights that the effectiveness of therapy in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, such as therapeutic hypothermia and antioxidant agents, is determined by the time elapsed from the moment of injury to the begining of intervention. Twenty six term newborns were analyzed, 13 from vaginal delivery and 13 extracted by cesarean section. The group selection criteria were: term pregnancy (gestation age �
37 weeks), normal labor, cranial presentation, without fetal malformations and normal neonatal transition. We believe that additional fetal brain monitoring (NIRS and/or aEEG) can predict fetal brain events due to severe prepartum acidosis. Intrauterine fetal cerebral saturation is at the lower limit of postnatal neonatal cerebral saturation. FTOE is maximum during vaginal or cesarian section delivery compared to those in the first 10 min of life. The mode of delivery does not significantly affect FTOE or placental oxygen blood supply. Because the hypoxic - ischemic injury has accurred during late decelerations, consider it necessary to identify hypoxic markers prior to detection of this typ of FHR.


Based on the collection of marketing data of small and micro enterprises, the article analyzes the new characteristics of consumption behavior of intelligent marketing, and expounds the enterprise marketing strategy (4P strategy) driven by consumer behavior. Unstructured information refers to the structure that cannot be unified. expressed. For the information between structured information and unstructured information, a new connotation of marketing mix strategy (4P strategy) is proposed. Under this background, this paper analyzes the transformation of enterprise marketing under the trend of big data. Systematic analysis and discussion, and put forward scientific and effective marketing strategies for the sustainable development of small and micro enterprises.


The utility model relates to an automatic cancellation machine for letters. A gear transmission mechanism, a power and an electronic scanning circuit board are installed in a machine frame. A letter delivering mechanism, an electronic scanning and a separate inspection mechanism are arranged on the surface of a worktable connected with the machine frame. The scanning technique of identifying the color differences of stamps and conveying letters by a machine are combined to realize the functions of automatic cancellation, stamping and counting are adopted by the utility model. The utility model has the advantages of advanced technology, reasonable arrangement, high degree of automation, high speed of cancellation, clear stamping, good quality, accurate automatic counting, simple structure, light weight, beautiful appearance, convenient fabrication, use and maintenance, etc.


The unique properties of graphene oxide (GO) have attracted the attention of the research community and cost-effective routes for its production are studied. The type and percentage of the oxygen groups that decorate a GO sheet are dependent on the synthesis path, and this path specifies the carbon content of the sheet. The chemical reduction of GO results in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) while the removal of the oxygen groups is also achievable with thermal processes (tpGO). This review article introduces the reader to the carbon allotropes, provides information about graphene which is the backbone of GO and focuses on GO synthesis and properties. The last part covers some characterization techniques of GO (XRD, FTIR, AFM, SEM-EDS, N2 porosimetry and UV-Vis) with a view to the fundamental principles of each technique. Some critical aspects arise for GO synthesized and characterized from our group.


An experiment has been carried out in the Dutch public transport system to tackle fare-dodging, vandalism and aggression. On the trams and metro system the level of inspection has been increased by employing about 1.200 young people. On buses the boarding procedure has been changed. This report will briefly assess the extent to which the goals of the project have been realised in the first two years of its operation.


Contact surfaces in planar motion exhibit a coupling between tangential and rotational friction forces. This paper proposes planar friction models grounded in the LuGre model and limit surface theory. First, distributed planar extended state models are proposed and the Elasto-Plastic model is extended for multi-dimensional friction. Subsequently, we derive a reduced planar friction model, coupled with a pre-calculated limit surface, that offers reduced computational cost. The limit surface approximation through an ellipsoid is discussed. The properties of the planar friction models are assessed in various simulations, demonstrating that the reduced planar friction model achieves comparable performance to the distributed model while exhibiting ~80 times lower computational cost.


5‐Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) was consistently elevated in the ventricular CSF of 40 children with hydrocephalus. In contrast, the level of 5‐HIAA in the lumbar fluid was within the normal range in 10 out of 11 hydrocephalic children in whom comparative studies of the lumbar and ventricular fluid were done.


The history electric fishing electrophysiology of fish in electric fields electric fishing apparatus and electric fields facros affecting the efficiency of electric fishing electric fishing for sampling and stock assessment electric screens and guides electric fishing and safety electric fishing in practice - what does the future hold?


A statistical analysis of literature data on the vapor transport of UF/sub 5/ indicates an influence of the pressure of UF/sub 6/ on the transport of UF/sub 5/. The most likely explanation appears to be a U/sub 2/F/sub 11/ gaseous molecule. Both the enthalpy and entropy calculated for vaporization of UF/sub 5/ are changed by this treatment.


A regenerative process based on using carbon in coal ashes for lime regeneration has been studied. Ten sulfation/regeneration cycles using Greer limestone have been conducted in a TG system and there was no sign of weakening of the SO/sub 2/ sorption activity. Work on the regenerative process based on silicates is being continued. For pure silicates, the sulfation rate of the monocalcium silicate appeared to be higher than that of the calcined Greer limestone and dicalcium silicate; the latter two being similar. Procedures for particle strength test and for generating coal ash with controlled carbon content are being established. A micro-, semi-pilot plant for studying the regenerative processes is being constructed.


This study aims to determine the significant differences in student learning outcomes between students who are learned through the model of Problem Based Learning Assisted Audio Visual Media with students who learned through Conventional Learning in Class XI SMA Negeri 10 Surabaya Lesson Year 2017/2018. This type of research is classified as quasi-experimental research with the design of Nonequivalent control group design. By using experimental class (application of learning model of Problem Based Learning Assisted Audio Visual Media) and control class (conventional learning). The subjects were XI MIA 1 students as an experimental class and XI MIA 2 as control class in SMA Negeri 10 Surabaya. Methods of data collection are tests, observation sheets, and documentation. The analysis technique used is t-test. The result of data analysis shows that there is a significant difference of learning result XI between students who are learned through the model of Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning with audiovisual media with students who learned through conventional learning. Hypothesis test results obtained t-test results 0.000 <0.05 then it can be said ha accepted ho rejected Based on these differences can be concluded that there is a significant effect of learning outcomes XI between students who were learned through the model of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Assisted Audio Visual Media with students are taught through Conventional Learning in Class XI SMA Negeri 10 Surabaya Lesson Year 2017/2018.


First, patients with "chronic heart diseases" were included in the study. BNP was used as a follow-up parameter for ventilator-associated conditions and VAP, but we can state that BNP has a low specifi city as a biochemical parameter. 2 It is known that BNP is secreted from ventricles (mainly the left ventricle). 2 , 4 BNP is also aff ected by physiologic factors and noncardiac situations. 2 , 4 In addition, as b -blockers and antihypertensive drugs affect BNP levels, patients using these drugs should be excluded. 3 , 4 Although the study is based on BNP levels, normal values of BNP were not addressed, and no data are observed in the results about BNP nor were these parameters discussed. 3


As more people flock to social media to connect with others and form virtual communities, it is important to research how members of these groups interact to understand human behavior on the Web. In response to an increase in hate speech, harassment, and other antisocial behaviors, many social media companies have implemented different content and user moderation policies. On Reddit, for example, communities, i.e., subreddits, are occasionally banned for violating these policies. We study the effect of these regulatory actions as well as when a community experiences a significant external event such as a political election or a market crash. Overall, we find that most subreddit bans prompt a small, but statistically significant, number of active users to leave the platform; the effect of external events varies with the type of event. We conclude with a discussion on the effectiveness of the bans and wider implications for online content moderation.


Hiraga, Hiroyuki, Tetsuya Oshima, Mitsuisa Yoshimura, Hideo Matsuura, and Goro Kajiyama. Abnormal platelet Ca21 handling accompanied by increased cytosolic free Mg21 in essential hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 44): R574–R579, 1998.—To test the hypothesis that abnormal platelet Ca21 handling in essential hypertension results from cellular Mg21 deficiency, cytosolic free Mg21 concentration ([Mg]i) and Ca21 metabolism were studied in mag-fura 2 and fura 2-loaded platelets from 30 essential hypertensive patients and 30 sexand age-matched normotensive controls. Basal cytosolic free Ca21 concentration ([Ca]i) and intracellular Ca21 discharge capacity were higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (22 6 5 vs. 18 6 5 nM, P , 0.05; 743 6 250 vs. 624 6 144 nM, P , 0.05, respectively). The thrombin (0.03–1.0 U/ml)-evoked [Ca]i response was also enhanced in platelets from hypertensives in both the absence and presence of extracellular Ca21. However, basal [Mg]i was higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (437 6 110 vs. 353 6 85 μM, P , 0.05), whereas serum Mg21 was similar in the two groups. These results oppose the Mg21 deficiency hypothesis in platelets in essential hypertension.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with mild decrements in cognitive functioning, but the relation of these decrements to metabolic and vascular risk factors is unclear. The present study compared the vascular risk factor profile over the preceding 16 years between T2DM patients with good cognitive functioning and those with poor cognitive functioning.


We study the topology of field lines threading buoyant magnetic flux structures. The magnetic structures, visually resembling idealized magnetic flux tubes, are generated self-consistently by numerical simulation of the interaction of magnetic buoyancy and a localized velocity shear in a stably stratified atmosphere. Depending on the parameters, the system exhibits varying degrees of symmetry. By integrating along magnetic field lines and constructing return maps, we show that, depending on the type of underlying behaviour, the stages of the evolution, and therefore the degree of symmetry, the resulting magnetic structures can have field lines with one of three distinct topologies. When the x-translational and y-reflectional symmetries remain intact, magnetic field lines lie on surfaces but individual lines do not cover the surface. When the y symmetry is broken, magnetic field lines lie on surfaces and individual lines do cover the surface. When both x and y symmetries are broken, magnetic field lines wander chaotically over a large volume of the magnetically active region. We discuss how these results impact our simple ideas of a magnetic flux tube as an object with an inside and an outside, and introduce the concept of 'leaky' tubes.


Quercetin inhibits proliferation of human gastric and colonic cancer cells in vitro by suppressing mitosis and increasing apoptosis. Quercetin might therefore act as an anticarcinogen in the alimentary tract, but previous findings have been inconsistent. We fed rats quercetin at dietary concentrations of 1, 5, 20, and 50 g/kg. At ≤ 20 g/kg, we observed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of crypt cell mitosis in proximal, mid, and distal small intestine and in distal colon, amounting to ~40% of control at 1 g/kg. There was no effect on apoptosis. Quercetin metabolites, but not quercetin aglycone, were detected in plasma of rats fed quercetin at 20 and 50 g/kg. In a second experiment, rats were fed quercetin at 1 g/kg after treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to induce aberrant crypt foci. In dimethylhydrazine-treated and control rats, crypt cell mitosis was suppressed at 48 h and 42 days after injection, and there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of aberrant crypts and larger aberrant crypt foci (> 4 crypts/focus) in the distal colon of treated animals. These findings demonstrate that quercetin can inhibit intestinal crypt cell proliferation in vivo, but the effect diminishes as the level of dietary exposure increases. At low concentrations, dietary quercetin inhibits induction of aberrant crypts by a mechanism that does not involve increased crypt cell apoptosis.


In this paper, the efficient implementation of a reliable measurement device to measure the angular velocity vibrations of rotating shafts is discussed. The solution is particularly suitable to be fit in measurement embedded systems equipped with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed measurement method is analyzed from a theoretical point of view, focusing the study on the frequency response of the technique. On the basis of the theoretical results, a reliable and low-complexity design of the measurement device has been proposed. In the adopted solution, the high clock rates of FPGAs are exploited to increase the accuracy of the zero-crossing times estimation, for a given A/D acquisition frequency, using an upsampling approach. The experimental results confirm the validity of the technique. The upsampling method allows an increase of the measurement accuracy and an improvement of about 10 dB for the output signal-to-noise ratio over a wide range of vibration frequencies.


This paper used sensor and signal conditioning technology for acquiring and processing a variety of rotor vibration signals of rotating machine.It used the LabVIEW's powerful function of signal processing,analysis and mathematical operation to display and analyze the signal,realized monitoring the work status of online rotor,designed the vibration monitoring system for rotating machine's rotor based on LabVIEW.This system can measure and monitor various types of rotor vibration parameters in continuously,speed,rotor vibration,axial displacement,with the intuitive display interface,powerful signal analysis ability and data storage management functions.It can identify the abnormal states of rotating mechanical equipment to ensure the safty and reliability of equipment operation,provide the basis to control the equipment running at an optimal condition and diagnose the early equipment fault.


Treatment of perhydro[2.2]paracyclophane (1) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid for 15 h at room temperature in dichloromethane results in a quantitative yield of stereoisomer 2, in which one of the bridgehead hydrogen atoms points towards the inside of the molecule (mono-endo isomer). The constitution of 2 is derived from 2D-NMR C,C-INADE-QUATE experiments and its stereochemistry from dynamic NMR experiments and molecular mechanics computations (MM3). A mechanism is suggested for the 1–2 interconversion.


Education is everything. Good civilization is one result of good education. When a community wants to achieve its goals well, education is the key to the answer. However, along with the changing times and times, education also changes in the patterns and methods of teaching. In addition, age, place, technological sophistication also forms learning patterns in education. Therefore, as time goes on as well as the demands of the times faced, it is very necessary for innovation in education itself. This is merely to meet the needs of the community as the main element in the education system. The writing below illustrates the importance of education in accordance with its stages and at the same time the demand for innovation.


Person centred planning (PCP) has been topical, not least because it has been put on the policy agenda (Department of Health, 1999; Department of Health, 2001). It is a way of conceptualising and bringing into reality the aspirations of persons with a learning disability in a manner that may guide service responses. Similar to investing in education, costs are incurred in the short term in the expectation that there will be improvements in personal social and economic function in later life. Putting PCP into practise requires (among other things) running development and training sessions for various individuals on its principles and application. The training is designed to build capacity of self-advocates, families, friends and paid support and front line staff involved in the lives of the focus person in a person centred approach. One of the reasons for investing in training is that PCP is based on a completely different way of seeing and working with people with learning disabilities, focused on community inclusion and support. Such an approach will clearly have an impact on resources in order to implement it. Little is known about these costs.


Functionalized polymers with non-centrosymmetric groups of the diazo-dye type are good candidates as 3-D optical memory materials. The two-photon absorption features relevant to molecular non-centrosymmetry are discussed. A four-wave mixing experiment performed in functionalized polymers reveals the possibility of inducing a permanent grating via two-photon absorption. The effect is used for the storage of a permanent non-centrosymmetry grating.


This paper examines what came to be known as muscular Hinduism and its expression through yoga practices in India. It argues that identifying Anglo-American muscular Christianity as the locus point for the configuration of ideas that link the body to morality is a colonial distortion. Christianity is the primary referent for muscularity at the fin de siècle, but to properly understand muscular Christianity one must think much more broadly about emerging concerns about the relationship between the body, morality and society in different parts of the world during this period. Apart from the distorting prismatic of colonialism and nationalism, Christianity itself does not provide a comprehensive perspective on religion and moral values. The development of yoga as a system of metaphysical fitness at the fin de siècle can only be understood if the frame of reference is global, rather than colonial and nationalistic, and if one looks at Christianity, Hinduism and other ideological articulations of belief in terms of a world history of religious ideas at this period of time.


Cefuroxime axetil (CA) is poorly soluble in water and exhibits low and variable bio availability on oral administration. In this work an attempt was made to develop self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system of cefuroxime to increase the solubility to overcome its variable and poor bio availability to enhance the patient compliance. Saturation solubility of CA in various oils, co solvents, surfactants and co-surfactants was studied and ternary phase diagram was drawn to identify the micro emulsification region. Based on the solubility and emulsification data the prototype formulations were prepared with different ratios of surfactants, co surfactants and solvents but without oils. These formulations are reported to be belonging to type IV lipid formulation. The formulations were characterized for self-emulsification properties and tested for in-vitro dissolution. Based on the study results, optimized formulation was selected. The optimized formulation was analyzed for globule size, thermal stability. On comparing the in-vitro dissolution of the formulation with the marketed product and pure drug, it was found that the dissolution of the SMEDDS was complete and rapid. The prepared SMEDDS preparation produced nanoemulsion on addition to water and no marked changes in the physical and emulsification property of was observed on stability.


Endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs),as a class of emerging contaminants,have raised worldwide concern due to their potential disrupting effects on the endocrine system of wild animals even at trace levels in the aquatic environment.This paper reviews the occurrence and removal efficiency of two groups of typical EDCs(i.e.,steroid estrogens and phenolic EDCs) in municipal sewage treatment plants,and particularly discusses the effects of different biological treatment processes as well as operational parameters on their removal efficiency.Further,through examining the adsorption and biodegradation characteristics of EDCs,the possible removal mechanisms of EDCs in the activated sludge process are proposed.


by Angela P. Bessette, MD, and Rishi P. Singh, MD Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for years by our anterior segment colleagues in the postoperative period for patients undergoing cataract surgery. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the posterior segment world given emerging evidence that NSAIDs may have a beneficial effect on posterior segment inflammation and macular edema. Just within the past year, nepafenac gained a label in the U.K. for the prevention of macular edema following cataract surgery in diabetic patients — a well-known high-risk population. Angela P. Bessette, MD, and Rishi P. Singh, MD, will provide an overview of the literature and summarize the current thinking regarding use of NSAIDs for the management of posterior segment disease. They will focus on prophylaxis and the treatment of pseudophakic macular edema; the treatment of diabetic macular edema; and, lastly, the treatment of uveitic macular edema. Furthermore, they will review current recommendations of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery regarding use of NSAIDs for the prevention of pseudophakic macular edema. I am certain that our readers will find Drs. Bessette and Singh's insights to be thought-provoking and will value their review of this complex and long-debated topic. Seenu M. Hariprasad


Asphalt emulsion for waterproof coating consists of asphalt, water, emulsifier, and additives, Experiments were done to investigate the preparation procedure and the composition. After the formula was obtained, asphalt was then replaced by residue (boiling point > 370oC) from coprocessing of high density polyethylene, coal, lube oil, and used tyre. However, the emulsion of residue gave poor quality. Thereford, asphalt was mixed with the residue and the preparation procedure ts as following. Asphalt 38% by weight of asphalt emulsion (without additives) was melted and mixed with oil from copeocessing of high density polyethylene, coal, lube oil, and used tyre (bp 250 to > 370 oC) 14%, and pine oil 5%, at 85 oC . The asphalt solution was blended with emulsifier solution (75 oC), which consists of a surfactant, nony! Phenol ethoxylate (TERIC N 100), and carboxyvinyl polumer 4-6% and water 38% by weight. The additives slurry was to be added into the asphalt solution. The slurry was formed by blending CaCo 3 , tale, BaSO 4 30-90 gram into 150 g of water at 60 oC followed by bentonite clay 4-7 g and 1-3 g of hydroxyethylcellulose, the latter was used to create gelation. The weight ratio of the asphalt emulsion : the additives slurry is 4:1. The asphalt solution was mixed with the additives slurry using a surring rod. The test results of asphalt emulsions using anionic emulsifier (Nansa. HS 80/SPF), eationic emulsifier (CTAB), and nonionic emulsifier (TERIC N100) were compared. The results showed that the asphalt emulsion using TERIC N100, gave the best performance. It was able to dry within 24 h, stable under heat at 100 oC, and resisted water and ultraviolet ray. Coating on tile, asphalt emulsion produced from oil derived from coprocessing showed no water penetration.


Summary 1. The effects of ether extracts of thymus, pancreas, lymph gland, thyroid, salivary gland, lung, and subcutaneous fat on the synthesis of acetylcholine were investigated. 2. Extracts of thymus and of pancreas significantly decreased the synthesis of acetylcholine in vitro while the other extracts had no demonstrable effect on this process. 3. Less acetylcholine was synthesized in the presence of serum from animals injected with the extract of thymus and pancreas than in the presence of serum from non-injected animals or animals injected with extracts of lungs. 4. The extracts of the thymus and pancreas contained neither nucleoproteins nor their decomposition products in an amount demonstrable with ultraviolet spectrography.


Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a complex reductive Lie algebra and let $g=f+p$ be the complexification ofa Cartan decomposition of $\mathfrak{g}_{R}=\mathfrak{k}_{R}+p_{R}$ , where $\mathfrak{g}_{R}$ isanoncompact real form of $\mathfrak{g}$ . Kostant-Rallis [3] stated some results on harmonic polynomials on $p$ . On the other hand, for classical harmonic polynomials on $C^{p}$ , there have been many studies. It is well known that harmonic functions on $C^{p}$ are represented by integrals on the unit sphere $S^{p-1}$ or on some other $O(p)$-orbits and reproducing kemels of these formulas are expressed by Legendre polynomials (see, [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [10], [12], [15], etc.). In our previous paper [14] we obtained explicit integral representation formulas of harmonic polynomials in the case $\mathfrak{g}_{R}=\mathfrak{s}u(p, 1)$ . From the Lie algebraic viewpoint, classical harmonic functions on $C^{p}$ corresponds to harmonic functions on $\mathfrak{p}$ for the case


MiRNAs, a family of small non‐coding RNAs, have emerged as novel post‐transcriptional regulators of numerous cellular responses. Although the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of neuroinflammation in various neurological diseases has been previously studied, their role in the production of inflammatory mediators during microglia activation is poorly understood. In this study, the role of miR‐26a has been investigated in the modulation of inflammatory response in cultured microglia. Using real‐time PCR, the expression of miR‐26a was studied in toll‐like receptors 4 stimulated primary mouse microglia. miR‐26a expression was found to be rapidly reduced after the stimulation of toll‐like receptors 4 in microglia. Over‐expression of miR‐26a significantly decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α and IL‐6, whereas knockdown of miR‐26a increased the expression of these mediators. Furthermore, using in silico analysis, we identified that the activating transcription factor (ATF) 2 is directly targeted by miR‐26a. This finding was confirmed by loss and gain of function studies. Similar to the effect of miR‐26a over‐expression, knockdown of activating transcription factor 2 inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL‐6. Taken together, our results suggest the involvement of miR‐26a in the regulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines in microglia.


The title Schiff base compound, C22H28N2O4, was synthesized by the reaction of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 1,4-diaminobutane in methanol. The molecule is located on a center of inversion with one half-molecule in the asymmetric unit. Both C=N double bonds are in a trans configuration. Intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional network.


Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in children with upper urinary calculus.Methods From January 2009 to May 2011,20children with upper urinary calculi undertook ESWL in our department and their clinical data were reviewed.Results Various type of calculi could be seen in this study including renal pelvis calculi in 8cases,renal calyx calculi in 6 cases,single kidney with calculi in 2 cases,staghorn calculi in 2 cases,and ureter duplication with renal calculi in 2 cases,as well as ureteral calculi in 4 cases.Among them,single urinary calculi were found 13 cases; multiple urinary calculi could be seen in 7 cases.The satisfactory efficacy was achieved in 17 cases of patients (85%) in primary ESWL procedure and 3case of patients (15 %) in secondary ESWL procedure.Conclusions ESWL is an effective and safe procedure in children with upper urinary calculus.

Key words:
Child; Urinary calculi; Lithotripsy


This paper proposes a method for solving distribution system planning problems taking into account demand uncertainty and geographical information. The proposed method can automatically select appropriate location and size of a substation, routing of feeders, and appropriate sizes of conductors while satisfying constraints, e.g. voltage drop and thermal limit. The demand uncertainty representing load growth is modeled by fuzzy numbers. Feeder routing is determined with consideration of existing infrastructure, e.g. streets and canals. The method integrates planner's experience and process optimization to achieve an appropriate practical solution. The proposed method has been tested with an actual distribution system, from which the results indicate that it can provide satisfactory plans.


A platinum catalyst was prepared by refluxing an aqueous suspension of platinic acid and thorium hydroxide together. A small amount of this catalyst was added to a thoria slurry in an autoclave. After the slurry was heated and while it was being agitated, oxygen and hydrogen were added to the autoclave and their rate of combination followed by recording the pressure as a function of time. The reactions were usually first order with respect to pressure. Results indicated that the catalyst was adsorbed on the previously inert thoria, causing an increase in the rate. The activation energy for the process was 4.0 kcal/mole. The kinetics were found to be first order with respect to oxygen. These facts suggested that the slow step in the reaction was the diffusion of oxygen to the catalyst. The catalyst was found to maintain its activity even after 100 tests upon the same charge. (auth)


The traditional parameter estimation algorithm of the three-parameter logistic model(3PLM) often fails.Based on real coding accelerated genetic algorithm,a new approach of parameter estimation is introduced.It could be a remedy for the shortcoming in the traditional parameter estimation algorithm that is highly sensitive to initial values in iteration.The results of Monte Carlo simulation show that this new algorithm is more effective than traditional parameter estimation techniques in the term of parameters recovery.


The grinding and polishing sludge of lead crystal glass was used in this study to produce foam glass with properties comparable to those of commercial foam glass. The sludge was determined to be hazardous waste, while the produced foam glass was completely safe in terms of lead leaching. The properties of the foam glass were investigated for the effect of sintering temperature, holding time, as well as the amount of silicon carbide and granite additives. The properties studied included: foam glass bulk density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The conclusion was that 750°C and 30 minutes are the most suitable sintering temperature and holding time, resulting in foam glass with bulk density of 0.485 g/cm3, porosity of 84.6%, compressive strength of 2.21 MPa and thermal conductivity of 0.051 W/m.K. The addition of silicon carbide significantly decreased the foam glass bulk density and thermal conductivity, while the addition of granite significantly increased its compressive strength.


This chapter contains songs that celebrate Tanganyikan African National Union (TANU), and their fight for and subsequent victory over colonialism. Sukuma farmers responded with song. Singing at the cotton farm was not private escape or false consciousness, but transformative and empowering action. The majority of these songs castigate the colonial leaders, and tell them to be on their way back to their home country. They ask Julius Nyerere to be vigilant in his fight and in his newly won freedom. The three songs in this chapter are in praise of Paul Bomani, the early TANU leader, civil rights leader, and cotton cooperative organizer who rose to prominence in the 1950s. The other two songs in the chapter discusses the two issues that Sukuma farmers were complaining about most at that time, mandatory destocking, and the use of fertilizers.Keywords: Julius Nyerere; nationalist praise; Tanganyikan African National Union (TANU)


With respect to clustering analysis problems with the linguistic similarity matrices provided by multiple experts, a new net-making clustering analysis method is proposed. In this paper, firstly, the clustering analysis problem with linguistic similarity matrices is described, and the two-tuple linguistic concept and its operator developed in recent years are (introduced.) Secondly, based on the approach to two-tuple linguistic processing, linguistic similarity matrices given by (experts) are transformed into the form of two-tuple linguistic, and the two-tuple linguistic aggregation operator is used to (aggregate) the linguistic similarity matrix given by each expert into the group one. Then, according to the basic ideas of (traditional) net-making clustering method, the calculation steps of the clustering analysis method with linguistic similarity (matrices) is developed. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the method proposed in this paper.


Nogo is a novel myelin‐associated inhibitor of neurite outgrowth which regulates stable neuronal connections during axonal regeneration following injury in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Because cytokines and neurotrophic factors play a key role in inflammation‐related axonal regeneration, we investigated: (i) the constitutive expression of Nogo and the Nogo receptor (NgR) mRNA in human neural cell lines; (ii) Nogo and NgR mRNA levels in the NTera2 human teratocarcinoma cell line during retinoic acid (RA)‐induced neuronal differentiation; and (iii) their regulation in NTera2‐derived differentiated neurones (NTera2‐N) after exposure to a battery of cytokines and growth factors potentially produced by activated glial cells at post‐traumatic inflammatory lesions in the CNS. By reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, the constitutive expression of Nogo‐A, the longest isoform of three distinct Nogo transcripts and NgR mRNA was identified in a wide variety of human neural and non‐neural cell lines. By Northern blot analysis, the levels of Nogo‐A mRNA were elevated markedly in NTera2 cells following RA‐induced neuronal differentiation, accompanied by an increased expression of the neurite growth‐associated protein GAP‐43 mRNA. In contrast, Nogo‐A, Nogo‐B, NgR and GAP‐43 mRNA levels were unaltered in NTera2‐N cells by exposure to basic fibroblast growth factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, glia‐derived neurotrophic factor, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. These results indicate that both Nogo‐A and NgR mRNA are coexpressed in various human cell types, including differentiated neurones, where their expression is unaffected by exposure to a panel of cytokines and neurotrophic factors which might be involved in inflammation‐related axonal regeneration in the CNS.


According to an aspect of the present invention, provided are a method for manufacturing a polycrystalline silicon layer which comprises the steps of: forming an amorphous silicon layer on a substrate divided into a first region and a second region; partial-crystallizing the amorphous silicon layer by heat-treating; removing a thermal oxide layer by the heat treatment; and selectively irradiating a laser beam on the first region to crystallize, a method for manufacturing an organic light emitting display device comprising the method for manufacturing the polycrystalline silicon layer, and an organic light emitting display device manufactured thereby.


Levels [EQ-5D-3L]), arm pain and neck pain, reoperations, and adjacent segment dis- ease). 146 patients were needed to detect a minimal clinically important 10-point differencein NDI (80% power, 2-sided a = 0.05) between groups, assuming a standard deviation of 18 points and 40% loss to follow-up. Main results: The arthroplasty and fusion group groups did not differ for NDI, EQ-5D-3L, arm pain, or neck pain (Table I), or for reoperations (15% vs. 12%, p = 0.61) or adjacentsegmentdisease(0%vs.1.5%,p = 0.32)at5years. Conclusion: In patients with cervical radiculopathy, arthroplasty and fusion did not differ for disability, quality of life, or pain at 5 years.


Modal description logics feature modalities that capture dependence of knowledge on parameters such as time, place, or the information state of agents. E.g., the logic S5-ALC combines the standard description logic ALC with an S5-modality that can be understood as an epistemic operator or as representing (undirected) change. This logic embeds into a corresponding modal first-order logic S5-FOL. We prove a modal characterization theorem for this embedding, in analogy to results by van Benthem and Rosen relating ALC to standard first-order logic: We show that S5-ALC with only local roles is, both over finite and over unrestricted models, precisely the bisimulation invariant fragment of S5-FOL, thus giving an exact description of the expressive power of S5-ALC with only local roles.


The exact operator solutions of two-dimensional anomaly-free chiral abelian gauge theories are obtained. We show that anomalycancellation conditions arise as consistency requirements of these solutions. For a certain class of flavour symmetries, fermion condensates are constructed. These are shown to violate the fermion-number conservation rule. The models are extended to include massive fermions. We propose a bosonised lagrangian for the massive theory and verify that it complies with the Gupta-Bleuler condition.


One major problem for implementation of CNTs in new materials is their production reproducibility. In this work the catalyst distribution on the substrate and the growth of aligned CNTs were investigated. To achieve fine grained catalyst distribution solutions containing Fe, Co and Ni were sprayed by an air-brush on glass substrates. The optimal spray conditions were investigated. CNT deposition followed in an air pressure flow reactor. The gas phase consists of Argon, Hydrogen, Ethylene as carbon source and water in concentrations of 75 to 1500 ppm referring to the carbon concentration. The CNT-layers were investigated by SEM and TEM.


instances of anesthesia for non-eye surgery, we found only one case of ION (n. At Johns Hopkins Hospital, there were six such cases in approximately 180,000 uses of anesthetics over a lo-yr period (8). The need to inform patients about this rare disorder must be balanced against the likelihood of increasing their anxiety unnecessarily. The authors recommend visual testing postoperatively for early detection of ION. Simple tests such as pupil reactivity or gross visual field testing might not be sufficiently sensitive. Even with sensitive tests, residual anesthetics or analgesic medications may confound results. Examination of visual evoked potentials (9) or ultrasonography of the optic nerve (lo), although useful, cannot be performed routinely. What would be accomplished by testing, since more than 42% of cases resolve without treatment (ll)? Treatment of the unresolved cases has been ineffective. Steroids, for example, add other risks. A multicenter, randomized trial of optic nerve decompression surgery was terminated prematurely because surgery significantly worsened outcome (11). Williams et al. have provided an interesting review of ION. From the data now available, however, we cannot support their recommendations.


This study examines the relationship of recognition between companies, which want to start new businesses in aquaculture, and local ˆshermen in Kamisakiura district in Mie Prefecture, as an example. Two diŠerent styles of questionnaires were provided to the local ˆshermen, the ˆrst with a ˆve-point scale and the second as a choice experiment, to evaluate the conditions under which they allow companies to start businesses in their region. The ˆrst questionnaire was analyzed by factor analysis, and clariˆed that ˆshermen accept newly starting companies in aquaculture under six conditions. With these six conditions, the second questionnaire was presented to the ˆshermen as a choice experiment. The results showed that the ˆshermen essentially assume an opposite position toward the new entry of the companies. It is also found that they place importance on acceptable conditions in the following order: priority on hiring local people, restriction on use of raw food, hometown of the company president or staŠ, kind of ˆsh in aquaculture and size of the company.


The work is devoted to the study of funeral traditions on the territory of the Olkhon region (west coast of the lake Baikal), which are referred to the late I millennium BC early I millennium AD. It identifies characteristic features of the burial ritual and its transformation as a result of the arrival of peoples with other cultural traditions to the Baikal coast from the adjacent territories. A conclusion is made that at the turn of eras Elginsky funeral rites were predominant in the Olkhon region. They are characterized with flat tetragonal or oval layings and the position of the skeleton on a side in a burial pit, with legs bent, head to the southeast.


Mixed oxide films based on Mo and W were successfully prepared by atmospheric pressure CVD at the low substrate temperature of 200oC. High amount of oxygen was used to ensure a high degree of oxidation resulting in more stoichiometric oxide films. The structural transformations under different thermal treatments were studied by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy analysis. The films were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry using different electrolytes, scan rates, etc. The mixed oxide films exhibited a strong electrochromic (EC) effect.


The paper inspects existing and possible intersections between the use and the production of art forms (within its widest meaning: theatre, music, dance, figurative art) and multiple forms of disability, fragility and vulnerability. The study is based on field research that adopted a qualitative sociological approach, realized at the margins of the In Necessita Virtu Festival in Bergamo (born in 2012, in the wake of a previous event). It proposes to give a voice and a body to forms of marginality and hardship through forms of art, but not only. Pairs of contrasting words (production/use, sloth/commitment, visibilia/invisibilia, fragility/resilience, process/product) came forth from the stories told by privileged witnesses, involved in various ways in artistic research and work in contact with socially fragile subjects (the physically and mentally disabled, prisoners, depressed people, and so forth). The tension that emerged – never mutual exclusion (aut aut) nor simple juxtaposition (et et) – intersects the artistic experiences within conditions of marginality, fragility, and hardship. Above all, it is evident that, particularly within these walks of life, artistic languages do not limit themselves to unveiling the human condition, but also inspire in everybody – men and women alike– that generativity that changes lives, powers, communities.


Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) has been selected as the
basis for establishing peer-to-peer UDP flows between Web Real-Time
Communication (WebRTC) clients. Using an unmodified ICE implementation
in this context enables the use of the web platform as a denial of
service platform. The risks and complications arising from this choice
are discussed. A modified algorithm for sending ICE connectivity
checks from the web platform is described.


In this experiment we have studied the effect of cellulosic categories from combined forages with sunflower meal on nutritive and bioproductive indices at broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on 90 broiler chickens divided in three experimental groups: CG, EG1 and EG2. At control group was incorporated in combined forage 20% barley, at EG1 was incorporated 20% barley and 10% sunflower meal of good quality (36% CP) and at EG2 was incorporated 20% barley and 10% sunflower meal of poor quality (27% CP). At the age of 3 and 6 weeks were determined the nutritive and bioproductive indices. The highest forage consumption is registered at CG at which in the structure of combined forages was incorporated barley in proportion of 20% and was with 12.02% higher comparative with EG1 and with 5.9% higher comparative with EG2. The incorporation of barley and sunflower meal in the structure of combined forages fed to broiler chickens determines the reduction of body weight with 11.18% at EG2 and with 9.55% at EG1. The highest specific consumption is registered at EG2 and is with 6.52% higher comparative with control group.


Traffic flow prediction is one of the basic, key problems with developing an intelligent transportation system since accurate and timely traffic flow prediction can provide information support and decision support for traffic control and guidance. However, due to the complex characteristics of traffic information, it is still a challenging task. This paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning model for short-term traffic flow prediction by considering the inherent features of traffic data. The proposed model consists of three components: the recent, daily and weekly components. The recent component is integrated with an improved graph convolutional network (GCN) and bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM). It is designed to capture spatiotemporal features. The remaining two components are built by multi-layer Bi-LSTM. They are developed to extract the periodic features. The proposed model focus on the important information by using an attention mechanism. We tested the performance of our model with a real-world traffic dataset and the experimental results indicate that our model has better prediction performance than those developed previously.


In the past three decades the field ofcultural resources management (CRM) has seen a rise in literature and initiatives geared towards public outreach and community engagement. This is primarily because archaeologists have recognized that effective and meaningful communication with the public is an ethical obligation as well as a practical means ofpromoting the discipline's values and building support for projects. While archaeologists have developed several approaches to outreach, this research focuses on combining aspects ofarchaeology education and community-based archaeology to address an uncommon scenario among outreach efforts: the local-level archaeology education program. This study used a collaborative, responsive research model to work alongside community stakeholders in the city ofDuarte, California, for the purpose ofcreating a CRM-themed local history toolkit for third grade teachers. Fourteen months of fieldwork yielded a set ofmaterials that incorporated input from elementary school teachers, museum curators, city hall employees, librarians, university professors, archaeologists, and GabrielinolTongva cultural educators. This research also produced a project template that discusses successful strategies as well as some of the difficulties that archaeologists may face when coordinating a collaborative community-based project. There are many issues that can make implementing a project such as this difficult for CRM professionals, including community members' preconceived ideas ofwhat constitutes archaeology, the difficulty ofmaintaining a genuine balance of authority, and the significant time investment required. Nevertheless, archaeology education projects that engage the public at the local level can be powerful outreach tools~ Like other public archaeology efforts, they should be customized to fit available budgets, timeframes, and resources. This thesis provides one example ofhow this can be done, and hopefully it will prove useful to future researchers. MA Program: Cultural Resources Management Sonoma State University


Overweight and obesity, especially in children, has increased alarmingly in the past decades with dramatic economic, social and individual consequences. Many countries have developed action plans, yet a concerted action of all involved stakeholders is only in its beginning. In this paper we outline the consequences of obesity in the context of the sustainability concept, then explain the main influencing factors, and finally describe the roles of the central stakeholders in order to sketch a model of concerted action fighting (childhood) obesity.


Left atrial (LA) strain is gaining more and more relevance in medical literature, with many applications in different clinical setting. The term "strain", meaning deformation, is applied to the contraction phase of the left ventricle (LV), due to its myocardial shortening along the longitudinal axis, to the LA relaxation phase, correlated to its distensibility and elastic compliance in receiving blood from the pulmonary veins, and even to LA contraction consequent to the electric activation of LA myocardium. This manuscript describes main anatomical and physiological characteristic of the left atrium and discusses the use of the term strain from terminological and conceptual points of view.


According to the method of JJF 1059-1999,an uncertainty mathematical model for lead determination in whole blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy was established,which had analyzed the source of the uncertainty in the process of experiment and calculated the components of the uncertainty.The synthetic relative uncertainty of the measurement value is 0.047 3,the largest component is the deal with repeated measurements before the introduction of the sample digestion,and the uncertainty component value is 0.04.The determination of lead in whole blood is(130.7±12.4)μg/L,k=2,(Approximately 95% confidence level).


The use of metal oxides as catalysts in electrochemical sensors for hydrogen peroxide is reported. Membrane-immobilised and entrapped catalysts were used with a Yellow Springs Instruments Model 5739 oxygen electrode. The electrodes were studied at high pH in the dip-type mode. The most sensitive electrode using manganese(IV) oxide had a detection limit of <10–6M hydrogen peroxide and did not suffer interference from many components commonly found in industrial waste samples. The manganese(IV) oxide catalyst electrode was adapted as a flow injection technique and showed good responses during continuous use.


The present-day Venusian atmosphere is crushingly dense, extremely hot and arid. Yet, in its early history, Venus presumably had a massive amount of water, which, if spread evenly over the surface, provided a water depth of 10s to 100s of meters. Therefore, over the course of the atmospheric evolution, the water must have been removed from Venus. The main processes responsible for water loss can be catagorised into either diffusion into the surface materials or escape to space, where the focus of this thesis is the latter. Determining the contribution on the atmospheric evolution from each of these processes can help us understand how planetary atmospheres evolve, both here in our Solar System and in extra-solar systems, and tell us why Venus became so dry. The water escape to space is determined by several processes, where the main processes are a consequence of the interaction between the Venusian atmosphere and the solar wind. As Venus does not have an intrinsic magnetic field, its atmosphere interacts directly with the solar wind, and creates a, so called, induced magnetosphere. The interaction causes part of the solar wind energy and momentum to be transferred to the upper atmospheric particles. The additional momentum may allow the ions to reach above escape energy and escape the planet. Therefore, the interaction between the atmosphere and the solar wind is important to study to determine the rate of escape of atmospheric constituents to space. In this thesis, the escape of atmospheric constituents to space is investigated through measurements of the H+ and O+ ion flows. These ion flows were measured by the Ion Mass Analyser (IMA) on board the Venus Express spacecraft, which orbited Venus during 2006-2014. Using IMA measurements near the North Pole ionosphere, the ionospheric ion flows were shown to have a strong dusk-to-dawn component along the terminator, inside the collisional region of the atmosphere. From ion flow measurements in the magnetotail, the rate of escape of atmospheric H+ and O+ ions were shown to be affected by the solar cycle, with an average escape rate ratio near two, the stoichiometric ratio of water. The change is mainly attributed to the decrease in the net escape rates of H+, which is a result of the increase in return flows, i.e. ions that flow back towards Venus in the magnetotail. Furthermore, the O+ net escape rate increases as the amount of energy available in the upstream solar wind increases. The increase indicates, as expected, that a portion of the available energy in the upstream solar wind is transferred to the escaping ions. However, the total portion of energy transferred from the solar wind to the escaping ions decreases as the available upstream energy increases. Using the simple relation between the O+ escape rate and the upstream solar wind energy flux, the total atmospheric escape was extrapolated backwards in time, by accounting for the evolution of the solar wind parameters. The resulting total escape over the past 3.9 Ga can be translated into a global equivalent water depth of 0.02-0.6 m. This result cannot explain the massive historical water content on Venus.


In general, an economic reform wins unanimous support only if it incorporates a scheme of compensation.

It is widely believed that

(a) all lump-sum compensations: (i) have impractical information requirements about the technology of firms and the preferences of households, or (ii) are not manipulation-proof.

(b) Non-lumpsum compensations constitute feasible alternatives.

Further to the dissenting views of Kemp and Wan, this note makes two points: The first is that in a realistic model with overlapping generations, there is a lump-sum compensation scheme which is manipulation-proof. The second is that the presence of multiple equilibria may create havoc for a non-lumpsum compensation scheme. In real life, we have no information to rule out multiplicity.


Egg has always been a food with a high consumption rate in Brazil, mainly because it is nutritionally complete, has a large amount of protein and has a relatively low cost. Precision poultry farming is linked to the effective monitoring of production stages and product quality. The work evaluated the influence of air temperature and humidity variables in the production and quality of chicken eggs, under uncontrolled environment and natural lighting, using precision poultry techniques. The experiment was carried out in the laying poultry shed, belonging to the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul, located in the municipality of Nova Andradina / MS, where 160 birds of the Embrapa 51 strain, reared in a cage, were evaluated at 24, 30, 50 and 70 weeks of age. The attributes temperature and relative humidity and the samples for determining the productivity and quality of eggs were collected at predefined points within the poultry house belonging. Spatial maps were generated using the inverse interpolator of the square of the distance (IQD). The environmental variables have a significant correlation with the production and quality of chicken eggs raised in uncontrolled environments. The use of spatial maps for the environmental attributes of the house, production and external and internal quality of chicken eggs provide a better visualization of the variations and correlations between the attributes, helping in decision making regarding the proper management and optimization of the house. Temperature was the most important attribute for good egg production and relative humidity was positively correlated with production in all evaluated weeks, being a decisive attribute in balancing environmental variables.


This paper has presended the hardware and software design of AC parameter detection system in power system.The synchronizing sampling has been used in the hardware design while the synchronized signal is generated by the phase-lock doubling circuit of 4046; Signal gathering is realized by the transform circuit of mutual inductor and operational amplifier. The AD convention is completed by the chip 12-bit AD574A; The sampled voltage and current data pass on to the supreme position machine through the serial interface RS232. The part of software has realized the function of the electricity parameter analysis and the demonstration, which is taking the sampling data from the lower position machine as the examination object, and carring on the analysis with the digital signal processing technology to the sampling data, and then programming with DELPHI.


Thermolysis of [Mo(eta(2)-S-2)(NPh)(S2CNEt2)(2)] with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded the crystallographically characterised 1-thio-2-iminoene complex [Mo{eta(2)-PhNC(R)=C(R)S}{eta(1),eta(3)-SC(R)=C(R)C(NEt2)S}(S2CNEt2)] (R = CO2Me), resulting from alkyne addition across sulfide and phenylimido moieties and further insertion of alkyne into the sulfur-carbon bond of a dithiocarbamate ligand.


The correlation matrix of wavelet factors with various scales is built, and Principal Component Analysis method (PCA) is used to remove correlation among wavelet factors and extract primary frequency components in an origin signal. The method is proved to be valuable in signal analysis by its application to the given sample signal and the gravity solid tide signal.


【Pure WC or WC with low Co concentration less than 0.5 wt.% is studied to fabricate high density WC/Co cemented carbide using vacuum sintering and post HIP process. Considering the high melting point of WC, it is difficult to consolidate it without the use of Co as binder. In this study, the effect of lower Co addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of WC/CO was investigated. By HIP process after vacuum sintering, hardness and density was sharply increased. The hardness values was $2,800kgf/mm^2$ using binderless WC.】


Objectives: To diagnose thyroid cancer, ultrasonography is a primary tool, but diagnostic accuracy varies according to the proficiency of clinicians. The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic performance between deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models and endocrinologist with various experiences. Methods: Patients who underwent fine needle aspiration at endocrinology department in Seoul National University Hospital, between April 2014 and June 2019, were reviewed. Among them, thyroid nodules which were pathologically confirmed by surgery and maximal diameter greater than 1cm were included. Ultrasonography images of thyroid nodules were reviewed by 13 endocrinologists with various experiences: 0 month (E0, n=8), 1 year (E1, n=2), and >5 years (E5, n=3). Results: Of total 451 thyroid nodules, 66.5% was diagnosed as cancer and 83.7% was papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Sensitivity and specificity of CNN were 85.3% and 63.6%, respectively, and its area under the curve (AUC) was 0.855. Compared to CNN, mean accuracy of E0 group was significantly lower (Accuracy 68.7% vs 78.0%, P <0.001), and after CNN-assistance, that of E0 was significantly improved (68.7% [before] vs 73.93% [after], P = 0.008). E1 and E5 groups showed similar diagnostic performance to CNN, and CNN-assistance did not change it. Next, subgroup analysis was performed according to the histologic subtypes. AUC of CNN in PTC (0.925) was much higher than that of other cancers including FTC (0.529). Interestingly, CNN-assistance significantly improved diagnostic performance for PTC not only in beginners (E0), but also a subset of experienced endocrinologist (E1 and E5). Conclusions: CNN has good diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of PTC. Endocrinologist with lower experience in ultrasonography, CNN-assistance is beneficial for improving diagnostic performance especially in PTC.


The study was conducted to investigate the infestation and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes on kiwi orchards in Korea. Plant parasitic nematodes genus and densities were investigated at a total of 102 sites in Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do, which are the main production areas of domestic kiwi orchards. Plant parasitic nematodes detected were of 9 genera, including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus spp.), and needle nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.), and 56% of the 102 plantations were infected with root-knot nematodes. Root-knot nematodes were found to be the most important plant parasitic nematode in domestic kiwi orchards. The average density of root-knot nematodes is 97 per 300 cm3 soil, and there is concern about the kiwi yield reduction. As a result of identifying the root-knot nematode species: M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Among them, M. arenaria is the most dominant. As the plant parasitic nematode infection route in fruit trees is often spread through the transplantation of infected seedlings, attention should be paid to the production of nematode-free plants during the production and supply of kiwifruit plants.


The selectivity of copper deposition from copper (II) bis‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate on SiO2 patterned with a platinum seeding layer is studied as a function of the reagent gas mixture. On platinum, the copper film growth rate increases with the amount of water vapor in the gas flow, and is independent of the chemical nature of the carrier gas used (H2 or He). The selectivity of the copper deposition is significantly improved when using He rather than H2 as carrier gas, especially at high water vapor concentrations where rapid film growth can be obtained.


The COVID‐19 pandemic has introduced many mental health professionals to therapy via videoconferencing. Mostly individual teletherapy has been offered and studied, although group therapy is often offered in clinics. In fact, little is known regarding group therapy's acceptability, feasibility, and potential impact when offered via videoconferencing.


Granular materials are complex multi-particle ensembles in which macroscopic properties are largely determined by inter-particle interactions between their numerous constituents. In order to understand and to predict their macroscopic physical behavior, it is necessary to analyze the composition and interactions at the level of individual contacts and grains. To do so requires the ability to image individual particles and their local configurations to high precision. A variety of competing and complementary imaging techniques have been developed for that task. In this introductory paper accompanying the Focus Issue, we provide an overview of these imaging methods and discuss their advantages and drawbacks, as well as their limits of application.


We tested two biologically based predictions that potentially influence scales of spatial association between Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and prey populations of capelin, Mallotus vilhsus. If cod aggregate in response to concentrations of prey, then spatial association (coherence) between capelin and cod was predicted to peak at the scale of maximum capelin spatial variance. If capelin-cod coherence did not match the scale of maximum prey spatial variability, then capelin-cod coherence was predicted to peak at the spatial scale that maximizes net energetic benefit to the predator. Contrary to predictions, we found no evidence of aggregative responses of cod to capelin over resolution scales of 20 m to 10 km. This result was observed consistently at the temporal scale of a single transect (c. 1 h duration) and at the scale of averaged transects (c. 2 weeks duration). Estimates of cod foraging energetics showed that they were not constrained by physiology to aggregate relative to capelin at any scale less than 10 km. A net energetic gain of 478 to 784 kJ would result if a 44 cm, 752 g cod consumed a ration of eight to 12 capelin over a period of 58 h. Energetic calculations included costs of egestion and excretion (317 to 476 kJ), maintenance (58 kJ), digestion (125 to 188 kJ), and continuous swimming during ration assimilation (79 kJ). During this period, a 44 cm cod could travel over 38 km swimming at 1 b.l. s−1. Foraging cod are virtually certain to encounter capelin over this distance based on the abundance of pre-spawning capelin present in coastal bays during the spawning season. This study illustrates that aggregative responses of predators do no occur at all scales and possibly occur over a very limited range of scales.


Recycling of consumer electronics such as laptops, cell phones, remote controls, etc. continues to be a global issue. Current recycling methods employ wasteful techniques such as incineration and typically only recover the precious metals used within the waste products. HEM Technologies conducted a feasibility study of using high current pulsed power to generate a shockwave to break apart e-waste into separable components. The materials were immersed in liquid nitrogen and subjected to shockwaves generated by a fusing wire array. Analysis is made of the debris generated and the estimated shockwave pressure.


Using 88 studies from 1980 to 2006, a meta-analysis compares risk instruments and other psychological measures on their ability to predict general (primarily nonsexual) violence in adults. Little variation was found amongst the mean effect sizes of common actuarial or structured risk instruments (i.e., Historical, Clinical, and Risk Management Violence Risk Assessment Scheme; Level of Supervision Inventory—Revised; Violence Risk Assessment Guide; Statistical Information on Recidivism scale; and Psychopathy Checklist—Revised). Third-generation instruments, dynamic risk factors, and file review plus interview methods had the advantage in predicting violent recidivism. Second-generation instruments, static risk factors, and use of file review were the strongest predictors of institutional violence. Measures derived from criminological-related theories or research produced larger effect sizes than did those of less content relevance. Additional research on existing risk instruments is required to provide more precise point estimates, especially regarding the outcome of institutional violence.


Although the laser diode and fiber laser are better than CW microchip lasers as they have the smallest size, compact design and wide range of emission laser wavelengths, the Q-switched solid state microchip laser is better than laser diode and fiber laser, because the energy storage capacity and laser induced threshold damage of laser diode are less than those of Q-switched microchip laser and long cavity of the fiber laser prevents achieving very short laser pulses. Yb:YAG was chosen as active medium due to its simple energy level scheme, long upper laser level lifetime (951 μs) which is suitable for storing energy, low quantum defects, large emission cross section, and large absorption cross-section for InGaAs laser emission. The combination of Cr4+: YAG and a dopedYAG gain medium, such as Yb:YAG, is particularly attractive from the point of view of an extremely robust device. Since both materials use the same host crystal, YAG, they can be diffusion-bonded to each other in a way that blurs the distinction between a monolithic and a compositecavity device. Both materials have the same thermal and mechanical properties and the same refractive index, and the bond between them can be sufficiently strong that the composite device acts in all ways as if it were a single crystal. Due to better mechanical and thermal properties compared to the glass and single crystal, transparent ceramics became high power end-pumping lasers candidate in numerous fields. Ceramic active medium can be heavily and homogeneously doped with laseractive ions.


Objective To explore the efficacy of metronidazole combined with famotidine treatment of chronic gastritis.Methods From December 2008 to January 2012,120 cases patients with chronic gastritis as the object of observation,120 cases diagnosed as chronic gastritis patients were divided into two groups according to the principle of randomiza tion and,the efficacy of two groups were compared.Results The curative effects were observed after 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group was 90%,was significantly higher than the control group(P 0.05).Both groups were followed for 6 months,60 patients in the observation group,three cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 5.0%,control group of 60 patients,recurrence of eight cases,the recurrence rate was 13.3% the recurrence rate of observation group was significantly lower than the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Ornidazole combined with famotidine in the treatment of chronic gastritis is good,have no significant adverse reactions,and have low recur rence rate,and should be widely used in primary hospitals.


The adhockery arbitration system,an important component of arbitration system as compared to institutional arbitration,is more flexible,convenient and economic,and meets the investor's requirement.The system is acceptable worldwide,and functions in solving international economic conflicts,though China doesn't have such system.It is proposed in this paper that the temporary arbitration system should be developed in China since China has more opportunities of international interaction.


This short State Practice piece describes ongoing efforts to prepare a United States' Ocean Action Climate Plan that will balance both "blue economy" development priorities (energy and shipping) and conservation and restoration priorities.


A nanoscale biodevice based on the tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) has been reported for the detection of target biomolecules. Two kinds of materials in the cases of silicon and InAs have been incorporated inside the source region for the sensitivity performance comparison. In order to prevent the diffusion of the impurities in the nanoscale biodevice during thermal processing, the entire structure has been doped at a N-type doped level forming a junctionless device. The approach that we have uses the charge plasma to convert the N-type source into the P-type source resulting in the creation of the TFET device. Indeed, the entire plasma appears inside the source by the auxiliary plasma gate electrodes. The obtained results performed by the SILVACO simulator show the improvement of the sensitivity of the proposed biodevice while keeping the reliability high. Also, the fill-factor impact and trap-assisted-tunneling effects on sensing performance are monitored for the biodevices under the study and the interesting results are presented.


This essay introduced the work principle and the function of servo valve amplifier,and used EDA to simulate the characters of the circuit.Simulation results were in accord with the practical testing result.


A globalized economy is one in which goods, services, people, skilJs and ideas freely cross geographical borders. For companies to survive in this context employees become a real competitive advantage., in other words, the statement "people are our greatest property" should be considered in greater depth in organizations. Currently, discussions are inevitable
around the theme Talent Retention. There are several practices applied by companies to keep their best employees, however it is very important that the organizational culture Is aligned with company policies. In theory employees can get jobs anywhere, but they tend to commit to an organization whose culture reflects values such as loyalty, trust and recognition. This
study arose from tbe need to understand the author what makes an offieia) talent to stay in an organization? What are the actions taken by companies aiming to keep their talents in the
staff? What are the perceptionsof employees about to be considered a talent for organization? Therefore:. the obJectiveof thls study is to try to understand what the current policies and practices of Human Resources to retaining talent taking into account the organizational culture and descnlles what constitutes a professional talent to the market. For this, we used the
knowledge at the research literature and was subsequently developed a case study in XYZ Company located in southem Rio de Janeiro and working in the metanurgy SectOf. This study
was done by means of a field research, using as an instrument of data collection. Participants were 17 employe~ including 7 managers, 3 engineers, 4 supervisors, 1 engineer, 1 technician and 1 anaIyst. The survey results showed that the talent retention program is happening but
only at the executive leveI. Employees who occupy positions below tbe management leve) and who are appointed by managers as potential talents do not realize the value of their
productive and professional devetoprnent. Likewise, do not see a practice fOcusedon their retention in the company. Finally., we found that the XYZ Company delegates to mid-level
managers the task of identifying~ developing and maintaining their talents, with no institutional follow-up to a charge of management practice focused on that goal.


A systematic analysis of the category of "public authority" was carried out, including its three subsystems, as well as the components and elements of each of the subsystems from the standpoint of the implementation of the law of dialectics on the unity and struggle of opposites. A conclusion is suggested on the combination of the general unity of public authority, the internal unity of state, municipal and public authorities as subsystems of public authority with differentiation and relative autonomy of all elements and components of the public authority system. Such a dialectical combination of unity and separation of powers is achieved through the effective interaction of all components of public power. The effectiveness of interaction can also mean competition between them, provided that the constitutional values of human rights and society remain the integrative property of the system, and the interaction is aimed at ensuring the interests of the people.


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are collectively responsible for a significant portion of the total environmental burden worldwide. A common tool used by SMEs to improve their environmental performance is the environmental management system (EMS), which has the disadvantage that it has been developed with larger organizations in mind. A common approach used by Swedish SMEs to facilitate the implementation of an EMS is joint EMS and group certification. This paper evaluates this approach by means of a case study. It is found that the approach is effective for small and micro-sized companies in achieving ISO 14001 certification as fast and cost effectively as possible. A few short cuts including joint environmental policy and objectives and insufficient environmental organization are however threatening to undermine the trustworthiness of the approach. Notwithstanding these flaws, however, it must be concluded that the joint EMS approach is a good alternative for small and micro-sized companies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


Rice is a primary source of food for billions of people and covers 1% of the earth's surface. On average 20% of the rice paddy is husk, giving an annual total production of 120 million tones. Nowadays, there are two common methods used to dispose the rice husk which is either it is being dump or burnt. Rice husk ash (RHA) which is produced by burning paddy husk led to the issue of ozone layer depletion. It also causes damage to the land and the surrounding area where it is being dumped. Previous studies have pointed out that RHA produced contains more than 80% pure silica and if properly prepared, it is in an active form which behaves very much like cement. Same goes with used engine oil (UEO). Many people are aware that UEO shouldn't be dumped, but recycled. It is incredibly toxic stuff and a gallon can contaminate one million gallons of water. Pouring it on land doesn't reduce the risk either as it can seep down into the water table.The objective of this research is to obtain an optimum percentage of inclusion of microwave incinerated rice husk ash (MIRHA) as a cement replacement and UEO in order to produce a better concrete in terms of compressive strength compared to normal OPC concrete. The test results showed MIRHA concrete performed better than normal OPC concrete and the incorporation of UEO and MIRHA in concrete showed the compressive strength give better performance.


There has been a desire to embed the concept of reflective practice into many of the facets of Scottish Further Education College work following incorporation. A brief analysis of the concept within its wider critical literature is presented. Drawing on interviews with staff in the Scottish FE sector, some of the practical and conceptual difficulties that may he associated with the implementation of reflective practice are considered. Throughout the paper particular attention is directed at the following questions: • How is reflective practice currently critically defined? • What perceptions of reflective practice does the current Further Education sector have? • How might the current Further Education sector shape and influence reflective practice, and what barriers might impede its acceptance It is concluded that the management practices of contemporary FE may be contributing to the erosion of true 'double-loop' reflection. The priority given to competence in standards for the training of FE lecturers presents major hurdles for universities charged with developing reflective practitioners.


Simple Summary We were able to stratify intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) patients who underwent hepatectomy into three risk groups using a classification and regression tree (CART) model for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). CART analysis, using results from the multivariate analysis, revealed decision trees for RFS and OS based on machine learning using preoperative serum markers. These three risk classifications using preoperative noninvasive prognostic factors could predict prognosis for ICC. These risk classifications are simple and easy to understand and can be clinically applied. Abstract Accurate risk stratification selects patients who are expected to benefit most from surgery. This retrospective study enrolled 225 Japanese patients with intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) who underwent hepatectomy between January 2009 and December 2020 and identified preoperative blood test biomarkers to formulate a classification system that predicted prognosis. The optimal cut-off values of blood test parameters were determined by ROC curve analysis, with Cox univariate and multivariate analyses identifying prognostic factors. Risk classifications were established using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. CART analysis revealed decision trees for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) and created three risk classifications based on machine learning of preoperative serum markers. Five-year rates differed significantly (p < 0.001) between groups: 60.4% (low-risk), 22.8% (moderate-risk), and 4.1% (high-risk) for RFS and 69.2% (low-risk), 32.3% (moderate-risk), and 9.2% (high-risk) for OS. No difference in OS was observed between patients in the low-risk group with or without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, although OS improved in the moderate group and was prolonged significantly in the high-risk group receiving chemotherapy. Stratification of patients with ICC who underwent hepatectomy into three risk groups for RFS and OS identified preoperative prognostic factors that predicted prognosis and were easy to understand and apply clinically.


Abstract In the second part of this study, the variability of surface and airmass characteristics associated with West African rainfall fields is investigated. Ship observations over the tropical Atlantic and rawinsonde records over West Africa are used for the months of July, August, and September from 1948 to 1978. A composite analysis based on the sign of monthly rainfall departures north of 10°N indicates that the Sahelian drought may result from a more southern than normal position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) over the tropical Atlantic. A composite analysis into four monthly rainfall types is performed by using rainfall information north and south of 10°N. It shows two types of Sahelian drought. The first is linked to an enhanced surface atmospheric circulation over the northern tropical Atlantic, higher sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea, a convergent moisture flux anomaly south of 10°N along the western African coast, and a lower (larger) water content in the monsoon fl...