Diabetes technology is not only of help for patients to live a close to normal life from a medical point of view, it is also of important benefit when it comes to their professional lives. People with diabetes are active in (nearly) all jobs that exist. However, there are certain professions that are prohibited for them—but only in certain countries. Though the job and its setting may be identical, some countries prohibit people with diabetes from employment, while others do not. These international incoherencies are related to different types of diabetes as well as diabetes therapy, and appear to lack a clear medical rationale. One poignant example is the professional piloting of aircraft. Flying an airplane is a highly demanding task. To enter this profession, an individual must meet all of a number of requirements regarding skills, knowledge and medical fitness. After more than 100 years of professional flying, it would seem that these requirements should by now be well validated and internationally harmonized. Any changes brought by advances in aircraft technology or, as in the case of diabetes, medical therapy, should induce similar responses in national certification legislations. To our understanding, this is not the case. Different countries or regions (eg, the European Aviation Safety Agency) have different rules as to which planes a pilot is allowed to fly when she or he has diabetes, in some countries only cargo planes, in other all planes. The regulatory incoherencies extend to whether a given patient has already a pilot license before diagnosed (typically patients with type 2 diabetes) or if she or he has diabetes already when applying for a pilot license (typically patients with type 1 diabetes). It would also seem of relevance if the pilots are private or commercial pilots, if they intend to fly a doubleor single-command airplane, and so on. In other words, there appears to be a lack of international harmonization for this job, even though it is international in its occupational setting, and there appears to be a lack of understanding of the necessary stratifications of the issue. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) does not allow medical certificates for people who use insulin to operate commercial aircraft, although they can apply for a third-class medical certificate, which allows them to perform private and recreational operations and fly as student pilots, flight instructors, or sport pilots. The ADA is currently "developing recommendations to share with the US FAA that would enable the FAA to identify pilots who are at no greater risk for incapacitation than any other pilot," according to the association's position statement. The ADA opposes a "blanket ban" and instead takes the position that individual assessment of people with diabetes is the appropriate approach to determining whether a person is qualified to perform certain activities. We fully agree with this position and will outline why we believe this is the right way to go. What is the rationale for maintaining so diverse rules? Again we have to say, there are few studies/little data substantiating the current situation. It appears as if the rules are driven by the personal opinions of the physicians (in the best case, probably others are also involved) and their diabetes knowledge. Therefore, much of the following discussion also holds true for physicians that regulate car traffic or other working conditions. The regulations for patients with diabetes that have a driving license or want to get one, are quite diverse between countries and dependent on whether they drive only themselves or want to drive a cab or a bus. This difference in how diabetes is regarded becomes obvious when it comes to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Physicians in most countries are familiar with coding of diseases in ICD codes as this is relevant for their honorarium. This in turn has also an impact on the way she or he thinks. A patient with diabetes is thereby 680510 DSTXXX10.1177/1932296816680510Journal of Diabetes Science and TechnologyJendle et al editorial2016


With the increase of refracturing amount in various Oilfields,a mechanical model of optimal timing for refracturing on solid-fluid coupling was established,and a finite element simulation software was developed with Fortran95 to describe the stress variation with time at different point and study optimal timing for refracturing affected by multi-factors.Results indicate the coupling model considering interaction between two important process of solid deformation and fluid flow is closer to actual situation.The optimal timing for refracturing is determined by several formation parameters together,responding to time when distance of equal stress point approaches a certain value.Field examples show that the application software has high reliability of computation accuracy,complete function,and strong pertinency.


Each individual will want to live in pairs because they include social beings who always socialize with other people. But it turns out there are times when some of the people who live their lives by not having a partner. As a result of various feeling was felt by them, one of which is depression indicated by such characteristics often feel sad and empty in their daily lives, loss of interest or favor to the usual activities accomplishments, changes in sleep patterns and eating habits resulting in lower weight weight, insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day, fatigue, difficulty concentrating and difficulty to determine a decision. This research is a qualitative descriptive study paradigm postpositivisme and phenomenology. The purpose of this study was to determine the trigger depression lonely without a partner, knowing the concept of a person who is depressed lonely without a partner and describe the interpersonal communication activities carried out by someone who does not have a partner in the effort to overcome depression lonely without a partner. The informants is a career woman who has aged adults late and did not have a partner, based in Semarang and Batang. Referring to Interpersonal Communication Theory, Self Concept Theory, Self Disclosure Theory and Relational Maintenance Theory, which discusses the importance of sharing things related to interpersonal communication in maintaining relationships. The results of this study indicate that the trigger for the onset of depression lonely without a mate is not someone special had to give time and attention in particular to the informants of this study when they feel tired and bored with the daily routine or while facing problems. The concept of self-informant lonely without a partner showed a positive self concept in which self-disclosure that they have with others even higher also their special partner that they have for a variety of stories about various things. Generally they have a friend as the person chosen to be a partner in sharing the story because of their closeness and comfort they feel when compared with the family.


Cooperative Banking has been an integral part of the banking industry in India. Along with the commercial banks, the cooperative banks have increased access to banking services for a large section of our society Post liberalization the banking industry has seen a lot of change and the cooperative banks have had to adapt to these changes. In view of the increasing emphasis on financial inclusion, the importance of cooperative banks has increased. It is the right time to evaluate the cooperatiuve banks for their ability to meet these expectations of the economy. Efficiency measurement, especially in the banking sector is usually done using ratio analysis. The problem with ratio analysis is the generation of relevant standards to compare the ratios with. In this paper, the authors have used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which has become very popular in recent times. DEA is a linear programming-based technique that allows a relative comparison of efficiency amongst a set of decision-making units without the need for external performance standards. In this study, the basic radial model is used to test the input-oriented and output-oriented efficiency of 31 State Cooperative Banks. The Gujarat and Maharashtra Cooperative Banks have emerged as efficient banks in this category of banks.


In many ehurehes today, the onee impregnable fortress of orthodox Christian doetrine has erumbled, not from without but from within. Doetrines and praetiees at one time pre-supposed as axiomatie have been dismissed as out of toueh and irrelevant. In the name of cultural relevanee, the doctrine of the Trinity no longer merits in Christian apologetie even an appendix; it is simply ignored or rejeeted altogether. Where it is maintained, its inner content is whoUy replaeed by a substanee bearing a more philosophieaUy correet eharaeter. The outer shell of the doctrine is left intact; one sees a three in one, a one in three, but beyond that the divine revelation of the Godhead is dismissed a priori as the produet of human religious imagination, and Faiher, San, and Holy Spirit are painlessly replaeed by another trinitarian god whose names and personal eharaeter are more in tune with the spirit of the age.


The invention relates to a temperature tester based on a film type temperature sensor and a manufacturing method, comprising: a cylinder outer protection tube, wherein a first space and a second space are formed by concaving inwards on the upper part and the lower part along the length direction and connected together through a via hole; a film type temperature sensor, arranged in the inner of the outer protection tube through the first space, the second space and the via hole; and fillings, filled in the first space and the second space of the outer protection tube, to fix the film type temperature sensor in the inner of a first protection tube and a second protection tube to become an integer. According to the invention, the film type temperature sensor in the space of the outer protection tube is processed by the filled fillings or ceramic paste based on the temperature tester of the film type temperature sensor, and the pins of the sensor and the wire connecting parts can be fixedstably. Outer connecting metal wires at the lower space are fixed stably through the fillings, therefore, outer mechanical impact is effectively prevented to the film type temperature sensor through the outer connecting metal wires at the lower part.


Many theorists promote a decentralized politics but very few of them practice this decentralization textually. In this essay, I engage with three techniques Benjamin employs to decenter his authority in the text: allegory, montage and the production of text as "pure means." Taken together, these practices amount to what I am calling Benjamin's use of a "black flashlight." Rather than illuminate his text with his own knowledge, seeking to win the reader over by persuasion and textual authority, Benjamin seeks to obscure and complicate any meaning. He attempts to have his text fail to deliver a final verdict to the reader. The obscure, pitch black light Benjamin sheds on his own and other texts leaves us as readers to our own devices, deprived as we are of the usual guidance of the author. In this way, Benjamin not only encourages but requires the reader's own intervention, a model for the anarchist politics he also describes in the text.


We present and analyze three powerful long-term historical trends in the electrification of energy by free-fuel sources. These trends point toward a future in which energy is affordable, abundant, and efficiently deployed; with major economic, geo-political, and environmental benefits to humanity. We present and analyze three powerful long-term historical trends in energy, particularly electrical energy, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with these trends. The first trend is from a world containing a diversity of energy currencies to one whose predominant currency is electricity, driven by electricity's transportability, exchangeability, and steadily decreasing cost. The second trend is from electricity generated from a diversity of sources to electricity generated predominantly by free-fuel sources, driven by their steadily decreasing cost and long-term abundance. These trends necessitate a just-emerging third trend: from a grid in which electricity is transported unidirectionally, traded at near-static prices, and consumed under direct human control; to a grid in which electricity is transported bidirectionally, traded at dynamic prices, and consumed under human-tailored artificial agential control. These trends point toward a future in which energy is not costly, scarce, or inefficiently deployed but instead is affordable, abundant, and efficiently deployed; with major economic, geo-political, and environmental benefits to humanity.


The new requirements of Metropolitan Area Networks(MAN) have resulted in the emergence of novel data transport technology,Resilient Packet Ring(RPR).In order to guarantee the QoS of traffic,Resilient Packet Ring(RPR) has adopted the multiple-channel and multiple-queue to differentiate the traffic with priorities.Being different from the former analysis on delay of queues,the characteristics of the access traffic in RPR has a close relationship with the congestion status of the network.In the paper,the model of transmit-queue and access-queue has been constructed.Then quantitative analysis on the queue delay in access and transmission has been made to get the capacity of the queues with priorities.Simulation on the queue and transmission model has been made to find out that the simulation results are close to those of analysis.Hence,the quantitative analysis has been proved.Through hardware experiments,the conclusions on capacity of queues have been applied in the design of RPR MAC ASIC.


There are two ways to define custom,that is,modes of behavior and norms of behavior.Also,there are two approaches to define customary law,one is recognition by the society and the other is recognition by the state.The custom which is defined as the modes of behavior can be called convention,and the custom which is defined as norms of behavior is similar to customary law defined by the recognition of a society.Customary norms absorbed by the judicature and existing as precedent can be named as customary law.The legislator can authorize the judge to apply the custom,and custom of this kind can be named as applicable custom.


This research internal to examine whether economic macro indicator and firm financial performance indicators such as ROA, ROE, Cash Flow and inflation rate influenced to stock return in stock of LQ-45 during period 2006-2009. The effect of those indicators could be positive or negative. Many investigations show that economic macro and firm financial performance such ROA, ROE, Cash flow and inflation rate a positive or negative impact toward stock return.


Abstract Observations of the three-dimensional structure and evolution of a thermohaline intrusion in a wide, deep fjord are presented. In an intensive two-ship study centered on an acoustically tracked neutrally buoyant float, a cold, fresh, low-oxygen tongue of water moving southward at about 0.03 m s−1 out of Possession Sound, Washington, was observed. The feature lay across isopycnal surfaces in a 50–80-m depth range. The large-scale structures of temperature, salinity, velocity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll were mapped with a towed, depth-cycling instrument from one ship while the other ship measured turbulence close to the float with loosely tethered microstructure profilers. Observations from both ships were expressed in a float-relative (Lagrangian) reference frame, minimizing advection effects. A float deployed at the tongue's leading edge warmed 0.2°C in 24 h, which the authors argue resulted from mixing. Diapycnal heat fluxes inferred from microstructure were 1–2 orders of magnitude too sm...


Field experience has indicated that drying time required by the conventionally designed and operated sludge drying beds is comparable to that required by beds modified to provide only limited drainage and cleaned with mechanical equipment. This investigation provides quantitative information that concerns the dewatering characteristics of digested sludge and is useful for the design of drying beds with limited drainage. The rate of water evaporated from a sludge surface and a free-water surface, as a function of the radiant intensity incident on the sludge surface, was found to be essentially equal when evaporation was the sole mechanism of dewatering. For an intensity of 1.00 cal per sq cm per min, the evaporation rate was 0.9 × 10\U-3\N gm per sq cm\U2\N per min. The evaporation rate from the sludge surface was depressed by 22% when both evaporation and drainage contributed to the dewatering. One-half of the energy incident on the sludge surface was found to be associated with the latent heat of vaporization. The emissivity was found to be dependent on the wave-length of radiation. The critical moisture for the sludge used ranged from 66% to 84%.


Abstract In this paper, I try to expatiate on the poetic function of language on the basis of considerations by Jakobson and Waugh. I try to bring in the consideration that pragmatics plays an important role in elucidating the poetic function of language. Contextualism allows us to interpret a poem: referents must be fixed or need not be fixed due to the requirements of the discourse; citations are brought in through pragmatic ways; polyphony is achieved by taking into account the context of previous analyses of a poetic text; the vicinity of a certain word, or concept or line is likely to affect the interpretation of a certain expression; the poetic text can take different forms, from graffiti to discourse at the market place, to discourse between lovers. All these forms of poetic text would not exist if the notion of poetry did not include the idea of semantic/pragmatic compression which is matched, in interpretation, by expansions.


The well-known electrical analogy for thermal modelling is based on the observation that Fourier's equation for one dimensional heat transfer takes the same form as Ohm's law. This provides a system for creating and resolving complex heat transfer problems using an established set of physically–based laws. The present article illustrates the concept for adjacent rooms in a modern university building, and investigates some of the modelling issues involved. The electrical analogy is chosen so that the models can be extended and used for future research into demand–side control of multiple buildings on the university network, requiring a fast computation time. For illustrative purposes, the present article is limited to a relatively straightforward two–room system, for which the modelling equations are conveniently represented and solved using MATLAB–SIMULINK. The coefficients of this model are estimated from data using standard nonlinear optimisation tools. For comparison, the article also develops an equivalent multiple–input Transfer Function form of the model. Finally, suggestions are made for the inclusion of occupancy estimates in the model.


Abstract : The role of the police is an important but largely overlooked aspect of contemporary counterinsurgency and stability operations. Although academic and policy specialists have examined the role of police in postconflict environments, the question of how police should be organized, trained, and equipped for counterinsurgency campaigns has received little systematic attention.1 Similarly, U.S. military doctrine and the professional military literature, while not ignoring the subject entirely, do not consider it in any systematic way.2 This gap is particularly ironic, given the prominent role that soldiers and Marines have played in training indigenous police and other security forces in counterinsurgency campaigns from Vietnam to Afghanistan.


An impedance comparator has been constructed from two digital sinewave generators with provision for accurate phase shifts. Stability of the instrument is such that impedances may be compared with a resolution of 5 parts in 105.


This research paper cites Hall Three- Dimensional Morphology and WSR( Wuli- Shili- Renli)System Methodology in dynamic integrated management system of the PROT project financing model on the profitable infrastructure. First,the framework of the dynamic comprehensive integrated management system of the infrastructure PROT model is stuied theoretically. Entropy theory is adopted to reveal the formation and evolution of entropy of profitable infrastructure PROT financing model. A game model with entropy is then established. The simulation is carried out by multi- agent software. Based on the above theoretical analysis and modelling study,a model and its mechanism are established.


I am grateful to all of you for electing me to this honoured post. I am obliged to my teachers especially Prof. Gopinath for shaping my career to be worthy of this position. I am also thankful to my family members, especially my wife, for their unconditional, everlasting support over all these years of my endeavor in this field. What should be subject of my talk today? After deliberations with my colleagues in my department, I have entitled it "Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery in India – Achievements and Future Goals". What we have achieved today is because of the efforts of the founding fathers of this association over the last half century. They have worked hard to bring up this superspeciality from an unknown surgical discipline to its current status where we can be proud to be at par with other professional associations in our speciality. As surgeons of the current era, we are indebted to our predecessors for providing us the stepping-stones to success, and pay tribute to them. Although we have achieved technical competence, have we achieved everything we need to? It becomes important for all of us to take a break and have an in sight into what is left to be achieved so that we may provide a better direction for generations to come. What I present today will be seen as a deviation from the routine but I want to initiate a process of rethinking amongst all of you.


Two alternative ways to treat the entropy of solution in the molecular thermodynamics of liquid-phase solutions have proved useful under various circumstances. The first is the ideal solution theory in which the entropic effects are the same as for mixing ideal gases. The second is the theory of Flory and Huggins which is most appropriate for nondilute solutions of chain molecules in small solvents. The two theories are compared for their ability to describe solutions of alkanes, both straight-chain and branched, in aqueous solution. The alkanes provide an especially appropriate testing field because electrostatic effects are minimal, and it is reasonable to assume that the solvation free energy consists almost entirely of entropic contributions and first-hydration-shell effects


Four species of desert rodents were studied in the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico in an effort to detect the factor or factors excluding each one from areas north of their ranges. Their dis- tributions were analyzed in relation to climate, vegetation, soil texture, and biotic competition. The cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) and rock pocket mouse (Perognathus intermedius) seem to be limited by temperature. Each is saxicolous and inhabits rocky outcrops as far north as certain isotherms for average annual maximal temperature, these being 71 F for P. eremicus and 69 F for P. intermedius. Occasionally the former inhabits nonrocky sites, but the lack of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) seems to prevent this animal from occupying such areas as far north as the 71 F isotherm. Both Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and the south- ern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys torridus) may be limited by intra- generic, interspecific competition. Each species has an affinity for a habitat characterized by compact soils and certain kinds of vegetation. Areas of such habitat become increasingly less abundant from the southern to the northern parts of the ranges of the two species. In these northern areas, Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys *ordii) excludes Merriam's kangaroo rat from most choice sites, and the northern grass- hopper mouse ( Onychomys leucogaster) excludes the southern grass- hopper mouse from sites with suitable habitat.


Version control is an activity very important for high-quality software production. The structure used by version control systems is the same used by file systems, but in general the abstraction level made by software developers considers the file contents and its internal structure, including details as classes, methods, control blocks and others. Fine-grained version control tools can provide a more detailed version control. However traditional tools and models provide very low flexibility and present high cost and impact of deployment in software development environments. In this paper, there are presented a model and a tool which aim at providing support to fine-grained version control activities.


Background: In this study, a distribute characteristics on the bispectral coupling of EEG were examined according to the depth of anesthesia by using bispectum analysis a type of nonlinear signal processing. Methods: 25 patients during the general anesthesia were studied. In the preprocess, base line correction and linear detrend was used. During the awakening state, preoperatively and postoperatively, appearance rate of bispectral coupling was observed that a strong appearance rate was represented in major frequency zone such as (15, 15) Hz but weak appearance rate investigated in the other minor frequency zone. Whilst anesthetized, a strong appearance rate revealed the low frequency range below (10, 10) Hz and a weak appearance rate viewed in the other frequency range. As such was compared with the delta ratio and spectrum edge frequency (SEF). Results: The delta ratio showed significantly lower values at induction (3.60 0.98) and during the maintenance (5.0P1.74) of anaesthesia than preoperatively (10.30 2.44) and postoperatively (13.03 2.29)(P 1.22) and postoperatively (12.20 L 1.53) than preoperatively (22.50 1.75) and at the induction (22.40 1.18) of anesthesia(P


A letter from George Ross to Dr GF Story, from Aberdeen January 1832. Ross writes to Story about his business and shipping concerns in Russia, and comments on the importation of 'mimosa bark' from Van Diemen's Land. He also writes of the death of William Leith, trade in the Baltic, his desire to travel in the South Seas, and of local elections in Aberdeen. From Cotton Family Papers C7/163


Context. ALMA observations of the high-mass star-forming region G35.20-0.74N have revealed the presence of a Keplerian disk in core B rotating about a massive object of 18 Msun, as computed from the velocity field. The luminosity of such a massive star would be comparable to (or higher than) the luminosity of the whole star-forming region. To solve this problem it has been proposed that core B could harbor a binary system. This could also explain the possible precession of the radio jet associated with this core, which has been suggested by its S-shaped morphology. Aims. To establish the origin of the free-free emission from core B and investigate the existence of a binary system at the center of this massive core and the possible precession of the radio jet. Methods. We carried out VLA continuum observations of G35.20-0.74N at 2 cm in the B configuration and at 1.3 cm and 7 mm in the A and B configurations. The bandwidth at 7 mm covers the CH3OH maser line at 44.069 GHz. Continuum images at 6 and 3.6 cm in the A configuration were obtained from the VLA archive. We also carried out VERA observations of the H2O maser line at 22.235 GHz. Results. The observations have revealed the presence of a binary system of UC/HC HII regions at the geometrical center of the radio jet in G35.20-0.74N. This binary system, which is associated with a Keplerian rotating disk, consists of two B-type stars of 11 and 6 Msun. The S-shaped morphology of the radio jet has been successfully explained as due to precession produced by the binary system. The analysis of the precession of the radio jet has allowed us to better interpret the IR emission in the region, which would be not tracing a wide-angle cavity open by a single outflow with a position angle of ~55 deg but two different flows: a precessing one in the NE-SW direction associated with the radio jet, and a second one in an almost E--W direction ...


An extrusion-type friction test and a forced sliding test have been carried out to examine the critical conditions for seizure initiation in different tool surface roughnesses using a commercially pure aluminium as a workmetal. The thinner the applied lubricant oil film thickness was, the earlier the seizure occured in every tool surface roughness. However, the critical punch stroke for seizure initiation decreased remarkably with the increasing of tool surface roughness. The oil film thickness trapped in the tool-work interface was measured experimentally and estimated theoretically. As a result, it has been clarified that the critical oil film thickness for seizure initiation increases with the increasing of tool surface roughness.


This paper discusses Al-Farabi's concept of civil society and two fundamental ideas that are closely related to it, namely the idea of man as a political animal and the importance of the science of civilization. The paper also deals with Al-Farabi's philosophy of happiness and explains why religion must serve as the foundation of a civil society. Kata Kunci: Agama, budaya, masyarakat madani


Phylogenetic relationships within the Sphacelariales sensu stricto were investigated using both a molecular and a morphological approach. Twenty species were included, representing all three families (i.e. Cladostephaceae, Sphacelariaceae and Stypocaulaceae) and six of the eight genera. The outgroup consisted of six species representing the Syringodermatales, Dictyotales, Choristocarpaceae and Onslowiaceae. DNA sequences of partial rbcL [1255–1375 nucleotides (nt)] and the adjacent RUBISCO spacer (40–842 nt) were determined in order to assess the molecular phylogeny. Only the 3′-end of the spacer (112 nt positions) was alignable for the ingroup taxa. Partition homogeneity testing showed that rbcL and RUBISCO spacer sequences could be combined. However, analysis of rbcL alone or in combination with the RUBISCO spacer gave the same results with only slight differences in support (bootstrap, jackknife, decay). Support was low at the base of the ingroup. Four basal clades could be discerned: (1) Stypocaulaceae, (2) Sphacelaria radicans, (3) Sphacelaria caespitula and (4) all other included taxa: (Sphacella subtilissima+the Sphacelaria subgenus Propagulifera) and (Cladostephus spongiosus+Sphacelaria nana+the Sphacelaria subgenera Battersia+Pseudochaetopteris). The independent morphological analysis (using 23 unordered morphological characters) revealed high homoplasy and an almost completely unresolved tree in which only the subgenus Propagulifera was supported. The morphological characters were subsequently mapped onto the rbcL tree in order to identify diagnostic or phylogenetically informative characters. Blackening in response to bleach and the presence of secondary segments were found to be basal synapomorphies for the Sphacelariales ; presence of propagules with a lenticular central apical cell defines the Propagulifera; and strict acroblastic branching mode and axillary zoidangia define the Stypocaulaceae. The remaining characters have been gained or lost multiple times. This study highlights the problem of extreme morphological convergence and/or plasticity. Four options for a new circumscription including nomenclatural changes are discussed. It is concluded that none of the options will lead to greater clarity with respect to either identification or classification.


Since IGY period (1957–58), natural and artificially produced Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic radiations are being recorded at large number of ground stations and on board satellites to study various wave‐plasma interactive phenomena. The terrestrial propagation of these VLF radio waves are primarily enabled through the earth ionosphere wave guide (EIWG) system to long horizontal distances around the globe and ducted along the geomagnetic field lines into the conjugate hemisphere through the ionosphere‐plasmasphere‐magnetosphere routes. The time frequency spectra indicate presence of dispersion and various cut‐off frequencies providing several types of received signals like whistlers, chorus, tweeks, hiss, hisslers etc., which can be heard on an earphone with distinguishing audio structures. While the VLF technique has been a very effective tool for studying middle and high latitude phenomena, the importance of various anomalous characteristics over the Indian low latitude stations provide potent...


Background: Medial patellar luxation (MPL) is one of the commonest orthopaedic diseases in small dog breeds. Although the bone deformities associated with canine medial patellar luxation are described in numerous studies, the pathogenesis of the condition is still disputable. What is more, there is no categorical evidence that luxation of the patella is associated to a shallow trochlear groove as no objective method for determination of trochlear depth and shape has been proposed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the depth and shape of femoral trochlear groove on radiographs obtained from healthy dogs and dogs affected with grade II and grade III MPL.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 45 dogs (33 with MPL and 12 healthy) from 4 small breeds (Mini-Pinscher, Pomeranian, Chihuahua and Yorkshire terrier) were included in the study. After deep sedation, stifle radiographs were obtained in tangential projection (skyline view). The dogs were positioned in ventral recumbency, the examined stifle bent as much as possible, and the central beam focused on the patella between femoral condyles. Six morphometric parameters associated with the onset of trochlear dysplasia similar to those used in human medicine were measured: trochlear sulcus angle (SA), lateral and medial trochlear inclination angles (LTI; MTI), trochlear groove depth (TD), patellar thickness (PaT) and the ratio between trochlear depth and patellar thickness (PaT/TD). The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used for evaluation of differences between healthy joints and those affected with grade II and III MPL. The association between measured variables was evaluated via the Spearman's rank-order correlation. TD was greater in healthy joints as compared to those affected with MPL grade II and III (P < 0.001). In healthy stifles, PaT value exceeded significantly (P < 0.01) that in joints with grade III MPL. The TD/PaT ratio was significantly greater in healthy joints vs both those with grade II (P < 0.01) and grade III MPL (P < 0.001). In healthy joints, there was a significant negative relationship (rho –0.508; P = 0.0113) between SA and TD: smaller sulcus angles corresponded to deeper trochleas. This correlation was even stronger in joints with patellar luxation (rho –0.723; P < 0.0001). The LTI and MTI showed a very strong positive correlation in healthy joints (rho 0.854; P < 0.0001) and at the same time, lack of significant association in joints affected with MPL (rho 0.163; P = 0.327 for grade II MPL and rho 0.175; P= 0.448 for grade III MPL) was demonstrated. The altered trochlear shape and depth were more pronounced in joints with grade III MPL. As MPL grade increased, the SA became statistically significantly greater. In grade III MPL it was accompanied with considerably reduced trochlear depth, medial trochlear inclination angle and trochlear depth/patellar thickness ratio.  Discussion: Five of the measured morphometric parameters for radiographic detection of trochlear dysplasia in dogs were found to be important in the evaluation of trochlear morphology in dogs. The obtained results indicated the presence of trochlear dysplasia in dogs with MPL. A 3-stage classification system for assessment of abnormal trochlear development in small dog breeds: mild; moderate and severe trochlear dysplasia, was proposed. The occurrence of shallow trochlear groove and medial femoral condyle's hypoplasia could be accepted as signs of mild and moderate trochlear dysplasia. The pre-operative measurements of these parameters could improve surgical planning and decisions-making.Keywords: medial patellar luxation, trochlear dysplasia, trochlear depth, small dog breeds.


Vicente Marcano was a multidimensional scientist and an exemplary nineteenth-century Venezuelan citizen who is considered the forefather of the experimental sciences in Venezuela. Marcano worked in several disciplines: agricultural chemistry, and what we now would call food science and geochemistry. In addition, until the second half of the twentieth century, Vicente Marcano held the record of most caves explored in Venezuela. Marcano also made contributions to anthropology and ethnography, he ventured into literature by writing short stories, promoted the creation of literary associations, and participated in our national political life. Vicente Marcano carried out most of his research in laboratories set up by himself in Venezuela, published in national and international journals, and obtained several patents of invention which were used to start a successful business venture in the United States of America. Nevertheless, his life has only been partially studied, and, although his remains were laid to rest in the National Pantheon, our people know very little about his contributions to Venezuelan science and culture.
This paper is intended to be the first in a series of papers corresponding to a research project that aims at rediscovering the life of Vicente Marcano using mostly digital sources. This is the first time that Digital Historical Sounding (DHS) has been applied to a nineteenth century case study. DHS is a methodology developed by the author to use Internet and social media networks to make biographical and institutional profiles. In this article we review the biographical profile of Vicente Marcano, making a projection of his origins and the environment in which he lived and, with the help of short stories that he himself wrote, we study his first steps in life and his education in Caracas.


Regina Spinola lives in Brazil and is a physiotherapist. Spinola met and lived with Nouwen for eight months at L'Arche Daybreak (Richmond Hill, ON) in 1986.


Solution culture experiments were carried out to study the effects of different pH levels(pH 4.0,6.0) and N sources(NH~+_4-N,NO~-_3-N) on morphological traits and structures of maize roots at seedling stage.Results showed that both medium pH and N forms had influence on morphological traits and structures of maize roots at seedling stage.With the presence of NH~+_4-N the low pH level obviously inhibited lateral root formation,whereas the inhibition of root elongation was slight at the same conditions.When NO~-_3-N was used as the sole source medium pH had less effects on root elongation and lateral root formation.Whether NH~+_4-N or NO~-_3-N as the sole N source low pH stimulated the development of vascular cylinder and large xylem vessels.


- Since phishing does not initially appear to be malicious, it is difficult to track down or defend against. Additionally, the cost and difficulty of carrying out such attacks are significantly declining. As it is challenging to know if an URL is safe or not, we created a model which serves in classifying URLs into safe or legitimate class. URLs contain components of its page and hence are used to identify the purpose of the web page without checking its actual content. We are proposing a method based on a deep learning algorithm (Bi-Directional Long short-term memory), which predicts the status of URL without the use of domain expertise or manual feature extraction with more significant accuracy points than already existing systems.


The objectives of this research are to analyze quality of earnings and operating
efficiency of listed companies in the bank sector, to study the relation between quality of
earnings and operating efficiency, and to compare the quality of earnings and operating
efficiency between small , medium , and large banks. The data is collected from annual
financial statements of ten banks between 2001-2005. They are divided into 3 bank
groups in accordance with total assets : large, medium and small banks groups.
Statistical analysis methods are based on percentage, mean , and trend analysis. There
hypothesis are tested in this study by carrying out correlation Pearson coefficients
(Scheffe) and One-Way ANOVA .
The results indicate that from 2001 to 2005, 50 percent of the banks have quality
of earnings more than the average of the sector's, 50 percent of the banks have ratio of
cash flow from operations per average total assets more than the average of the
sector's and 50 percent of the banks have ratio of cash flow to revenue more than the
average of the sector's. In addition, quality of earnings is significantly related with
operating efficiency. Quality of earnings is not different in accordance with sizes of bank
and ratio of cash flow from operations per average total assets is not different, too.
Ratio of cash flow to revenue is different in accordance with sizes of the bank.


Besides anti-drug antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies are often induced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. We examined the association between immunogenicity, autoantibody production, and serum cytokine profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab. Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 57) were retrospectively examined. Serum trough levels of infliximab, anti-drug antibody, anti-nuclear antibody, and anti-DNA (Farr), anti-single-stranded DNA and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies were measured. Interleukin-6, interferon-γ, interferon-α, and B-cell activating factor levels were also measured in the same sera. Then, we validated the association between anti-drug antibody and these serum markers along with clinical response to infliximab. Anti-drug antibodies developed in twenty-one patients (36.8%), whose serum trough levels of infliximab were significantly lower than those in anti-drug antibody-negative patients (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 2.48 ± 0.326 μg/ mL, p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in clinical backgrounds between the two groups. The anti-drug antibody-positive patients were more likely to develop antinuclear antibody titers of ×160 compared to the negative patients (14 to 57% vs. 17 to 33%). In addition, anti-DNA antibodies (Farr) (from 1.5 ± 0.4 to 35 ± 17 IU/mL, p = 0.0001), especially IgM-anti-double stranded DNA antibody (from 5.1 ± 0.7 to 41 ± 8.9 IU/mL, p < 0.0001), and IgG-anti-single stranded DNA antibody (from 13 ± 1.1 to 35 ± 13, p = 0.0145) were significantly increased in anti-drug antibody-positive but not in negative patients. Moreover, the anti-drug antibody-positive, but not the negative patients, showed significant PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0162896 September 19, 2016 1 / 16 a11111


Ambient air pollution isa major environmental health risk factor and globally, it is estimated that at least seven million deaths are attributable to the effects of air pollution on an annual basis. In developing countries in the Western Pacific Region such as Fiji, major sources of air pollution are from the exhaust emissions from motor vehicles, burning of wastes and industrial activities. Countries in this region are also experiencing an intense process of urbanization resulting in the increasing number of vehicles on the road together with a vibrant agricultural practice that often leads to an increased burning of wastes. Despite these known sources of pollution, there is no evidence-based data delineating the relative contribution of these pollution sources in Fiji. Epidemiological studies have shown that increased emissions from motor vehicles and industrial activities are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is quite common in Fiji and in 2016, ischaemic heart disease which includes heart diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction was ranked as the second most cause of all premature deaths in Fiji. To get a basic understanding of how air pollution may affect the cardiovascular health in Fiji, this study will attempt to investigate the association between air pollution and acute myocardial infarction hospitalisation in the city of Lautoka. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of the literature on the association between air pollution and acute cardiovascular infarction will be conducted and the risk estimates from the selected studies summarized. Values on the criteria pollutants from these selected studies will be obtained and based on the pooled risk estimates and the exposure assessment, a risk assessment of air pollution for heart diseases will then be conducted.


We present a detailed analysis of electronic properties of the Cockayne model of icosahedral AlCuFe, both in its original form and after a structural relaxation using the ab initio density functional approach. The electronic density of states (DOS) and electric field gradients (EFG's) of the Al and Fe atoms in the original and the relaxed Cockayne models were calculated and compared with available photoemission, Mossbauer, and nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy data. The relaxed and the original models show significantly different electronic properties. Both models are deficient in describing the available experimental data. The DOS's show two Fe-d peaks, where there is only one such peak in the photoemission spectroscopy data. These models also cannot account for the shape of the Mossbauer spectra. We show that the interchange between 12 Cu and 12 Fe atoms, each belonging to a single symmetry class, results in a smaller number of Cu-Fe nearest-neighbor pairs and a lowering of the total energy by an amount of ΔE∼50 meV/atom. This "modified" version of the Cockayne model was further relaxed for the final comparison between the calculation and experimental results. The modified model shows a considerable improvement: The DOS has only one Fe-d peak, in agreement with photoemission spectroscopy data, and the calculated EFG's account very well for the experimental Mossbauer spectra.


BACKGROUND: Meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants may affect pollen counts in the North Delhi region that produce a variety of pollen and it may affect patients with respiratory illness. OBJECTIVE: This study was planned to see the effect of meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants on pollen counts and its association with emergency hospital visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2015 to 2020, atmospheric pollen was collected (24-h sampling) using a Volumetric Burkard Air Sampler. RESULTS: The total pollen count was (n = 461,474) in the last 6 years and the maximum pollen count was (n = 85,363) observed in the year 2016. Pollen count was high (>500) in the months of March and April during the study tenure, however, October month of the year 2015 and 2017 also crossed this range of pollen count (>500). During the years 2015–2020, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide had a negative association with pollen count that was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but sulfur dioxide had a positive correlation that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Maximum emergency hospital visits were in 2019. Pollen count positively correlated with emergency hospital visits only for the year 2015. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants have a significant influence on the pollen counts that may affect the patient's hospital visits.


The correspondence hypothesis maintains that people with secure parental attachments will experience gradual religious conversions, with internal working models of childhood attachment figures forming the basis of attachment to God. The compensation hypothesis predicts that people with insecure attachments will experience sudden and dramatic conversions as they seek a relationship with God to compensate for insecure attachment relationships. In Study 1, faith narratives from 162 adolescents were analyzed; associations between parental attachment and the type of conversion reflected in the narrative support both hypotheses. In Study 2, data were prospectively collected from 240 adolescents attending religious summer camps; after camp, 138 participants reported a gradual conversion and 21 reported a sudden conversion. Participants who rated themselves securely attached to their parents before camp were more likely to report a gradual conversion, supporting the correspondence hypothesis. Precamp insecure parental attachment did not predict the subsequent incidence of a sudden religious conversion.


Robust H-infinity filtering for a class of nonlinear discrete time-delay systems with parameter uncertainties is considered. The uncertainties are in a fractional form and the nonlinearities satisfy Lipschitz condition. The objective is the design of a full-order filer which guarantees not only the robust asymptotic-stability but also a prescribed disturbance attenuation level for the error system, irrespective of the parameter uncertainties. For systems without parameter uncertainties, a generalized bounded real lemma is first introduced, then sufficient conditions for the existence of H-infinity filters are derived. It is shown that the existence of H-infinity filters can be reduced to the solvability of linear matrix inequalities. Methods of designing H-infinity filters are provided in a framework of linear matrix inequalities. As for uncertain systems, the robust H-infinity filtering problem can be solved in terms of a scaled H-infinity filtering problem without uncertainties. Finally a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.


The only real protection of the lead worker is by environmental control of the workplace. Personal protection may be required in exceptional circumstances while adequate means of environmental control are being designed and installed. A few moments' interrogation or even the simple question, "What is your occupation 1", can exclude lead poisoning from the differential diagnosis-or make it a real possibility.


News about ASM members, chapters, events, awards, conferences, affiliates, and other society activities. Topics include: ASM's 2014 Class of Fellows; ASM Indian Institute of Metals announces 2014 recipients of two Visiting Lecturer Programs; Brian Wright named 2014 Kishor M. Kulkarni Distinguished High School Teacher.


ABSTRACT Studies empirically examining the sense of benefit in the tourism field were limited. Based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews, this study investigated the ethnics' sense of pro-poor tourism benefit of Taoping Qiang Village in Sichuan province in China. Results indicate that the ethnics' sense of benefit in aspects of living standards, social development, community atmosphere, and traditional culture have maintained a good state. In contrast, the personal growth and ethnics' equal right elements need to be further enhanced. Also, the specific factors affecting the sense of benefit were identified, including the level of per capita household income, the perfection of village infrastructure, the changes of villagers' employment opportunities, the popularity of villagers to tourists, villagers' sense of identity with traditional culture and the transparency in the use of poverty alleviation funds. This study introduces the political concept of 'sense of benefit' into the field of tourism. It fills a literature gap in the pro-poor tourism academic research that relates to Chinese ethnic villages and residents.


This paper describes the different steps of a psychological intervention resulting from a succession of traumatic situations. The first encounter with the patient, by a policeman, was an emotional debriefing. Several months later, transferential and identity problems required some more sessions. Finally, a third intervention was necessary following a new dramatic situation, during which the patient was confronted with a potentially lethal risk. These three interventions are specific to the work of psychologists who intervene in potentially traumatic situations. The question arises as to how it is possible to support victims who are confronted with traumatic situations for which we have no representation.


The note deals with looming during foehn north of the Alps. The results show that there is a weak effect in stretching optically the orography. However, the increase in view angle is probably not detectable by human observers looking south from Munich towards the Alps. The impression that the orography seems to be stretched during a foehn is also due to psychological effects which might be a factor of greater importance.


A weighted Viterbi algorithm (HMM) is proposed and applied in combination with spectral subtraction and cepstral mean normalization to cancel both additive and convolutional noise in speech recognition. The weighted Viterbi approach is compared and used in combination with state duration modelling. The results presented show that a proper weight on the information provided by static parameters can substantially reduce the error rate, and that the weighting procedure improves better the robustness of the Viterbi algorithm than the introduction of temporal constraints with a low computational load. Finally, it is shown that the weighted Viterbi algorithm in combination with temporal constraints leads to a high recognition accuracy at moderate SNRs without the need of an accurate noise model.


I remember being harangued by a lecturer: 'When I was a student, I was on the barricades protesting about pay. What's wrong with students these days? Go and do something.' Well, something like that, anyway.


Annotation: Are compared the energy parameters of systems of charge capacitive storage of non%explosive pulsed sources of the seismic signal with an electromechanical drive, which applied for aquatic and terrestrial seismic exploration of minerals, the analysis of the impact and the effectiveness and usefulness of the device compensates for power at work with a device of charge capacitive storage.


We prove that solutions to non-linear Schr\"odinger equations in two dimensions and in the exterior of a bounded and smooth star-shaped obstacle scatter in the energy space. The non-linear potential is defocusing and grows at least as the quintic power.


In this paper, an attempt is made to extend the deformation model of an antenna embedded in vehicular component, where the component consists of a viscoelastic thermoset composite polymer commonly known as Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC). The initial model developed takes into account time dependent heat transfer from the tool surface into the SMC charge and the consequent time dependent viscosity propagation during the initial stage of tool closing and subsequent filling. The required model parameters for viscosity and elasticity have been determined from rheological testing. The extended model examines the effects of some process parameters such as tool closing speed, tool temperature and initial charge temperature. The effect of these parameters on the deformation of the antenna is discussed and compared to experimental findings. In addition the signal quality due to antenna deformation is investigated by comparing simulation and experimental results.


We define the odd affine Temperley–Lieb algebra (OATLA) to be the category defined by planar diagrams in an annulus with an odd number of marked points on each boundary connected in pairs by disjoint strings and a modulus δ. This algebra is the odd part of the annularization of the Temperley–Lieb planar algebra. A positivity result is proved, which allows us to completely characterize the Hilbert space representations of OATLA when the parameter δ is of the form 2cosπN . The results finish the project of describing the irreducible Hilbert representations of the affine Temperley–Lieb algebra, which naturally arises in the study of subfactors.


Whether tourism can promote regional economic development has long been controversial in the literature.While many empirical stuthes find that development of tourism and the level of economic development is highly correlated,economic theory,especially endogenous economic growth theory,tends to suggest that tourism is one of the outcomes of economic development rather than driving force.According to the endogenous economic growth theory,industry serves as driving forces of economic growth should associated with intensive RD activities,high level of total factor productivity and more importantly economics of scale,which is not the characteristics of tourism industry.As a result,economic theory does not provide any clear theoretical prediction between tourism and economic growth.In addition,empirical stuthes on the relationships between tourism development and economic growth failed to yield consistent results.While many stuthes provide supporting evidences that tourism has a positive effect on local economic growth,other do not find such relationship and some stuthes even find negative effects.Moreover,prior stuthes also suggest that the relationship between tourism and economic growth is heterogeneous among different countries,with the magnitudes and significance varying with levels of economic development,geographic locations and industrial sectors and etc.These findings imply that the research conclusions draw from developed countries may not be applicable to other ones especially the poor countries.Thus the relationship between tourism and economic growth is purely an empirical issue.As the world's largest developing economy,China has seen its tourism growing at a breathtaking rate.From the initial stage of the reforming era,China has gradually removed the barriers for the inflow of foreign visitors thanks to the reform and open policy.From then,tourism began to play a role in China's regional economic development.Tourism is not only considered to be a way to raise fiscal income,but also regarded to play an essential role in attracting foreign investors,creating more job opportunities and facilitating economic restructuring.Both central and local government have designed stimulating policies to promote the development of tourism.In particular,areas with poor infrastructure and limited economic resource,for example,in western part of China or hilly area,are becoming to increasingly rely on tourism to promote economic growth.For instance,Guilin,a Chinese city in inland province Guangxi,is often mentioned as a successful example to boost tertiary industry growth thanks to its high specialization in tourism.Although the relationship of tourism and economic growth is a hot topic in the Chinese literature,there is still quite limited stuthes to perform rigorous empirical analysis regarding this issue.Moreover,previous literature on the economic effects of tourism tends to rely on macro data or case stuthes.Due to the lack of reliable micro data as well as the remarkable disparity among different regions in China,neither of the above approach seem to provide a solid trend between or general patterns on tourism and regional economic growth.As a result,few empirical stuthes using micro level data has been conducted to examine the role of tourism in regional economic growth.To fill the gap in the literature,we empirically study the economic impacts of tourism on regional economic growth in China by using a dynamic panel data approach based on data from 254 prefectures in China between 2001 and2012.To the best of our knowledge,this is the most disaggregate data available to study this issue.Thanks to the advantage of dynamic panel data approach,we are able to deal with potential endogeneity introduced by omitted variables,measurement errors,and reverse causality.To yield a consistent estimates of the parameters of interest,we employ the system GMM method in our estimations.We find that tourism does significandy contribute to regional economic growth:one percentage increase in tourism leads to 0.03 percentage increase in per capita GDP growth.Further analysis shows that;domestic tourism has a larger impact than international tourism;the positive impact is more pronounced in relatively poor areas;the effect is larger in tertiary industry.We provide evidence that the potential mechanism through which tourism fosters regional economic growth includes creating more job opportunity and boosting the wholesale and retail industry.These findings suggests that tourism plays a significant role in reducing poverty and narrowing regional disparity in China.


The A. asks a simple and compelling question: Why do so few university presses publish mathematics and science books, whether they be new monographs or classic works in translation? He reminds us, with an ingenious example, that not everything that is published successfully need be understood immediately.


This paper presents a laerning self-tuning (LSTR) regulator which improves the tracking performance of itself while performing repetitive tasks. The controller is a self-tuning regulator based on learning parameter estimation. Experimentally, the controller was used to control the movement of a nonlinear piezoelectric was used to control the movement of a nonlinear piezoelectric actuator which is a part of the tool positioning system for a diamond turning lathe


The utility model relates to a wastewater treatment device for an electroplating concentration area, which includes a chemical reaction treatment device and a microfiltration membrane solid-liquid separation device. The chemical reaction treatment device includes a comprehensive wastewater regulating tank, a chromium-containing wastewater regulating tank, a chromium reduction tank, a nickel-containing wastewater regulating tank, a cyanide-containing wastewater regulating tank, cyanide breaking tanks, neutralizing tanks, an intermediate tank and a concentration tank; the microfiltration membrane solid-liquid separation device includes a microfiltration membrane running device, a microfiltration membrane cleaning device, a terminal pH regulating tank, a discharge tank and a filter pressing device; the comprehensive wastewater regulating tank (1) is lifted to a first neutralizing tank (7) by a lift pump (5) through a pipeline; the chromium-containing wastewater regulating tank (2) is connected with the chromium reduction tank (6) through a bottom pipeline, and the bottom of the chromium reduction tank (6) is connected with the first neutralizing tank (7) through a pipeline; and the nickel-containing wastewater regulating tank (3) is connected with a third neutralizing tank (11) through a pipeline. The whole system utilizes the microfiltration membrane solid-liquid separation device and dispenses with a sedimentation tank, a sand filtration canister, a charcoal filtration canister and the like; wastewater directly enters the concentration tank after reaction, and is sent to the microfiltration membrane solid-liquid separation device from the concentration tank; and production expansion only needs a larger number of membrane groups. Microfiltration membrane is used as the microfiltration membrane solid-liquid separation material, so that the complex process of ultrafiltration membrane backwashing is avoided, and all that is needed is normal washing by high-pressure water.


Forest fires are one of the most dangerous events, causing serious land and environmental degradation. Indeed, besides the loss of a huge quantity of plant species, the effects of fires can go far beyond: desertification, increased risk of landslides, soil erosion, death of animals, etc. For these reasons, mathematical models able to predict fire spreading are needed in order to organize and optimize the extinguishing interventions during fire emergencies. This work presents a new system to simulate and predict the movement of the fire front based on free and open source Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and the Rothermel surface fire spread model, with the adjustments made by Albini. We describe the mathematical models used, provide an overview of the GIS design and implementation, and present the results of some simulations at Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy), characterized by high geomorphological heterogeneity, and where the native flora and fauna may be preserved and perpetuated. The results consist of raster maps representing the progress times of the fire front starting from an ignition point and as a function of the topography and wind directions. The reliability of results is strictly affected by the correct positioning of the fire ignition point, by the accuracy of the topography that describes the morphology of the territory, and by the setting of the meteorological conditions at the moment of the ignition and propagation of the fire.


Storing and exchange of data in cloud computing become the necessity of modern working pattern in IT industry. Cloud computing provides multitudinous benefits to both service provider and customer. However, the security of cloud computing has been a challenging one. To increase security and confidentiality of data in cloud environment, the DNA sequences are used with Morse code and zigzag pattern, for encoding scheme. Use of Morse code and Zigzag pattern makes the intruder much harder to steal original data. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is implemented and the accuracy of encryption and decryption of data is verified.


Objective(s): Chemotherapies used to treat colon cancer might often fail due to the emergence of chemoresistance and side effects. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a beneficial probiotic, whose molecular mechanisms in the prevention of colon cancer are yet to be fully understood. The present study assessed the anti-cancer effects of EcN treatments in human colorectal cancer, HT-29 cell line, with the analysis of related mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The co-culture conditioned-media (CM) of EcN with adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells and heat-inactivated bacteria (HIB) were applied for the treatment of the HT-29 cells. To study the inhibition potential of CM and HIB on cancer cells, various cellular/molecular analyses were implemented, including DAPI-staining and DNA ladder assays, flow cytometry and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as Western blotting analyses. Results: Our results indicated that EcN could elicit apoptotic impacts on the colon cancer HT-29 cells by up-regulating PTEN and Bax and down-regulating AKT1 and Bcl-xL genes. Conclusion: Based on our findings, EcN is proposed as a useful supplemental probiotic treatment against colon cancer.


The pyrolysis of anthracene at 700° has given a tar containing ten polycyclic hydrocarbons all of which are probably formed by the scission of carbon-hydrogen bonds to give anthryl radicals followed by further reaction with anthracene. The pyrolysis of anthracene at 950° gave a much more complex tar in which 25 aromatic hydrocarbons have been identified. The major constituent was found to be phenanthrene. It is suggested that this is formed via tetrahydroanthracene and tetrahydrophenanthrene. It is also suggested that the complexity of the tar is due to the scission of the saturated carbon-carbon bonds in tetrahydroanthracene and tetrahydrophenanthrene, followed by further reaction of the fragments.


Objective:To develop the recombinant adenovirus carrying HPV-16 E6E7(pAd-E6E7) to infect mouse immature dendritic cells,and to observe the apoptosis of CaSki cells induced by specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) triggered by genetically modified DC vaccine expressing HPV-16 E6E7 fusion gene in vitro.Methods:The pAd-E6E7 was used to infect mouse immature dendritic cells to prepare DC vaccine,the confocal microscopy was used to observe the expression of green fluorescence protein in immature dendritic cells,and flow cytometry(FCM) was used to examine the surface expression of CD40,CD86,MHCⅡ and CD11C in both uninfected and infected dendritic cells.DC vaccine was used to induce specific CTL,and after co-culturing the CTL with CaSki cells,DAPI,TUNEL and flow cytometry(FCM) were used to examine the apoptosis of CaSki cells.Results:Immature mouse dendritic cells were successfully transfected by pAd-E6E7 in vitro,and the transfecting efficiency was 40%-50%.DC vaccine was successfully prepared and used to induce specific CTL.CaSki cells underwent apoptosis via coculturing with the specific CTL detected by DAPI,TUNEL and flow cytometry(FCM).Conclusion:Genetically modified DC vaccine expressing HPV-16 E6E7 fusion gene could induce CTL,and the CTL could induce apoptosis of CaSki cells in vitro.


"In today's realm of culture-as-commerce, our lives are increasingly shaped by the global marketplace and international economics. Artist Hiram To explores identity as it is linked to consumption and popular trends. Hiram To approaches identity as individual or collective performances in which we define, present and alter ourselves in multiple spheres of social interaction and cultural production. These spheres include race, sexuality, work and leisure. In our current era of mass-marketing, anyone can construct a self-image by choosing from an endless array of lifestyle options. To's artwork asks : How do we present ourselves in our private and public lives ? How do our material possessions, fashion choices and social affinities reflect our values and beliefs? To embraces the human obsession with appearance and desire. While he highlights how we identify with media images and icons, he also wonders : Just how much do we look beyond appearance?" -- p. [2] of cover


Computer-mediated communication patterns have revolutionized traditional interpersonal communication. This study investigates gender differences of self-disclosure in face-to-face communication and e-mail usage. 297 Chinese students were included in the study. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding the degree of self-disclosure on different conversational topics and to selected target persons, in the forms of face-to-face communication and electronic-mail communication respectively. Results indicate that females are more likely than males to disclose in both situations. Gender differences in conversational topics were also noted in the paper. Keywords—Self-disclosure; face-to-face communication; computer-mediated communication


We report simple and efficient synthesis of novel fused bicyclic heterocyclic compounds 3 using bis (methylthio) methylene malononitrile 1 and thiourea 2 with potassium carbonate in DMF at reflux condition. The molar ratios of these substrates are 2:1 for the preparation of 2,6-dihydro-2,6-diimino-4,8-bis(methylthio) pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine- 3,7-dicarbonitrile. This newly synthesized pyrimido thiazine acts as bis-electrophilic species reacting with various nucleophiles yielding 2,6-dihydro-2,6-diimino-4,8-(disubstituted)-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine-3,7-dicarbonitrile in good yields.


This paper compares the electromagnetic force characteristics of flux reversal permanent-magnet machines (FRPMMs) with the asymmetrical stator (AS) and symmetrical stator (SS) topologies. The electromagnetic forces of the FRPMM are analytically derived by the Maxwell tensor method, and the frequency as well as spatial radial stress harmonic characteristics are obtained. Then, the electromagnetic force characteristics of the two kinds of FRPMMs with different stator-slot/rotor-pole (S/R) combinations are investigated and compared by analytical method and finite-element (FE) analysis. Finally, the electromagnetic forces on the armature teeth and auxiliary teeth of AS- and SS- FRPMMs are evaluated and compared to support the above findings.


ARRHYTHMIAS and conduction abnormalities in heart transplant recipients can be signs of acute and chronic rejection, as well as of coronary artery disease. 1,2 Here, we report a 13-month-old, 7.5-kg heart transplant recip-ient with recent onset of tachypnea, decreased peripheral perfusion, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia who developed cardiac arrest following administration of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate after undergoing an uneventful endomyocardial biopsy during general endotracheal anesthesia to exclude rejection.


Highly efficient catalytic asymmetric Claisen rearrangements of O-propargyl β-ketoesters and O-allyl β-ketoesters have been accomplished under mild reaction conditions. In the presence of the chiral N,N'-dioxide/Ni(II) complex, a wide range of allenyl/allyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary β-ketoesters was obtained in generally good yield (up to 99%) and high diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 d.r.) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee).


Data analysis for a sample of celestial bodies generally is preceded by the completeness test in order to verify whether the sample objects are proper representatives of the corresponding part of the universe. A data set following a multivariate, continuous, uniform distribution is said to be "complete in space." This paper introduces a new approach to check for this completeness for any astronomical data set under a multivariate setup. Our proposed procedure, using the multiple tests of hypotheses based on nonparametric statistics, and consequently, combining their

 p

 values, outperforms others from the literature.


Let R be a filtered Noetherian ring with identity and M an R-filtered module. The associated graded ring of R is denoted by G(R) and the associated graded G(R) module of M is denoted by gr(M). Bjork studied in ref. [1] the relation between M being a module with a good filtration and gr(M) being a finitely generated module. If R is a ring with positive filtration and G(R) is a Noetherian ring, then M is a module with good filtration if and only if gr(M) is a finitely generated G(R) module. But when R is a Zariski filtered ring,we do not know if the conclusion is true. To be specific, Bjork's problem is:


Graphene is a two-dimensional single-layer sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms has attracted tremendous attention and research interest, owing to its exceptional physical properties, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength. There are two categories of method that used in producing graphene which are bottom-up and top-down. In this study, graphene was synthesized using liquid phase exfoliation technique. The exfoliated graphene is synthesized from activated carbon, glycine and dimethylformamide (DMF). The functional groups of the sample was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with attenuated total reflectance device. From UV-Vis analysis, the resulting exfoliated graphene concentration is 0.154 mg/ml from 0.1 g of activated carbon. The field emission scanning electron microscopy proved that stacking layers of graphene is observed on the exfoliated product.


The paper discusses the requirement to develop social management. It specifies the strategic and current intention for social services and emphasises its contribution to improving the quality of professional and managerial activities in this field and the sustainability of efficiency. The study states the major research findings identifying the essential elements of management in the statements of future professionals in social services through the acquisition of important competencies and the overall professionalization of their field.


This paper describes the first determination of the molecular and crystal structures of a synthetic unsaturated furanosyl adenine nucleoside. The title compound, 2",3"-dideoxy-2',3"-didehydroadenosine (DDA), has the molecular formula CIoNsO2HI~ and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212~2~ with four molecules in the unit cell of dimensions: a-10.035 (2), b = 13.863 (3) and c= 7.830 (2) /~. The measured density of this crystalline form was 1.41 g cm -a and the density calculated from the crystal data assuming 4(C10NsO2H~I) per cell is 1.42 g cm -s. Intensity data (1860 reflexions) were measured on an automated four-circle diffractometer to 20< 60 ° using Mo Ka radiation. The structure was solved by symbolic addition and tangent refinement procedures but only after all triplets containing three reflexions from the same axial zone were removed from the Y.2 listing. Full-matrix least-squares refinement of the atomic parameters converged to a conventional R index of 0.045. Bond lengths and angles in the adenine ring are within expected limits. The 2',3' double bond [length 1.317 (3) A] distorts the geometry of the furanose ring which is best described in the envelope conformation, 4E, with atom C(4') 0.107 A from the plane of the other four ring atoms. The crystal structure has base-base stacking of the adenine rings which are related by a 2~ axis passing through the centres of these rings and resulting in a high degree of base overlap. In addition to the base stacking there is an intermolecular hydrogen bond from 0(5') to N(3) of the neighbouring 21 related adenine ring [O(5')-N(3)= 2-744 (4) /~]. The stacks of 2~ related molecules are connected by two additional hydrogen-bonding networks.


This research work-in-progress paper presents findings related to upper secondary students' understanding of programming concepts such as: (1) variable assignment, (2) if-statements, and (3) loops in Python and Scratch. In 2017, the Swedish education board added computer science curriculum to compulsory schooling. Students now entering upper secondary school are expected to have experience with programming. To find out how familiar first year upper secondary students are with programming, we assessed 172 students' programming knowledge with a multiple choice questionnaire with block programming questions in Scratch and text programming questions in Python. Each question required students to read a program between 4-8 lines of code and correctly identify the output of the program. The questions included basic programming concepts such as: variable assignment, if-statements and loops. Additionally, we asked students to self-report their prior experiences with programming in terms of how many hours they had spent programming inside and outside of school, as well as if they had more experience with block or text programming. As expected, the students' scores correlated positively with the amount of hours they self-reported to have spent programming inside and outside of school. In conclusion, we correlate students' self-reported programming experience with their scores on the block and text sections and reason about these results based on teachers' experience and research literature.


Being fair to future generations requires that Social Security be reformed in a manner that prefunds a significant share of future Social Security benefit payments. All serious reform plans have this property. Prefunding is done exclusively in the Social Security trust fund in some plans, and it is done partly in personal retirement accounts (PRAs) in others. The consequences of prefunding Social Security in the trust fund are controversial and not well understood. The key question is whether Social Security surpluses are offset by smaller non-Social Security surpluses; if they are, and if the offset is 100 percent, then Social Security surpluses are not truly saved and prefunding intended to make Social Security fair to future generations is neutralized by a non-Social Security fiscal policy that is less fair to future generations. This paper makes this important point concrete by simulating the response of non-Social Security fiscal policy to two alternative Social Security reforms that differ only with regard to the breakdown of prefunding in the trust fund and prefunding in PRAs. The reforms simulated are the Nonpartisan Reform Plan proposed by Jeffrey Liebman, Maya McGuineas, and Andrew Samwick, and a version of that plan that prefunds exclusively in the trust fund. If Social Security surpluses are not saved, it is found that NRP's PRAs increase the net benefits of government to future generations by about 0.6 percent of GDP; that is, future generations enjoy some combination of lower non-Social Security taxes and higher non-Social Security government spending that amounts to about 0.6 percent of GDP in every year. The paper also reviews budget politics over the past 30 years and concludes that there is a substantial probability that trust fund accumulations are largely offset by reduced non-Social Security surpluses.The implications of these findings for Social Security reform are explored. If budget politics precludes the possibility that Social Security surpluses are saved, then large dividends would be paid if an alternative means of effectively prefunding Social Security could be found. If politics also precludes that possibility, then it would be rational to compromise other Social Security reform objectives so as to reduce trust fund accumulations. Specifically, relative to a first-best reform with effective prefunding, smaller benefit levels would be appropriate.


Dyfonate 20G, Thimet 20G, Furadan 10G, Pounce 3.2EC, Cymbush 3EC,and Ambush 2EC were tested for the control of European corn borer in Bedford Co, VA, in Jun 1980. Insecticides were applied on Jun 10 to field corn in plots 50 ft x 4 rows (36 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied over the whorl with a Gandy applicator. Liquids were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer operating at 3 mph, using 30 psi, in 40 gal of water/acre. Chemicals were applied when the corn was 28 in high, with a 61% infestation of ECB in the lst-2nd instar. Five plants showing signs of heavy infestation were chosen from each plot and dissected 14 days after treatment to determine the number of dead and living larvae.


A new class of integrated digital electronic devices uses conduction electron spin (magnetic moment) as the state variable. Devices incorporate a ferromagnetic material for at least one component and memory of the device state is intrinsically nonvolatile. These magnetoelectronic devices have become commercially successful as high-performance, low-power nonvolatile magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and their utilization in a variety of memory applications is increasing rapidly. A motivation of research in this field is to further broaden areas of implementation and an important focus has been the development of high-speed, low-power digital logic. This article reviews the most common techniques for performing Boolean logic operations with magnetoelectronic devices, and gives a discussion of the benefits and limitations of this novel approach to information processing. As the size and complexity of magnetic memories increase, there will be advantages to performing some logic functions using cells comprised of the same class of devices.

Keywords:

Boolean logic;
magnetoelectronics;
nonvolatile computing;
reconfigurable logic;
spintronics


The purpose of this paper is to develop the twin-fluid atomizer having excellent performances. To develop this atomizer, the spray characteristics of how wide areas can be painted efficiently by one time spraying were studied in this paper. Spray phenomena are affected by the many factors determining the spray field such as the injection pressure of air assist, the injection pressure and viscosity of liquid paint, the open time of needle valve, the dimension of nozzle, and so on. In this study, the results that these factors affect on spray characteristics are as followings; The optimum spraying pressure of air assist was 1.5~2.0 ㎏ f /㎠, and the appropriate injection pressure of liquid paint was 1.0 ㎏ f /㎠. In these situations, the setting up pressures must be corrected because a decompression occurred when operating valves. The open of needle valve must be controlled to inject gas for 1~2 seconds after injecting liquid. This operating of the needle valve was necessary to avoid the affect of liquid column and to prevent the droplet deposit. The spray tip penetrations was gained form the experimental equations, and the effective spray angle was 85°±5° just when the injection pressure of air was appropriate. The distribution of spray areas was 350±50㎜. because of the injection pressure of air, the its distance from spray tip, and the needle vale lift.


This year KHD Humboldt Wedag reaches a significant milestone as it celebrates its 150th Anniversary. Last month Paul Maxwell-Cook visiled the company's head office in Cologne, Germany, where he conducted an exclusive interview with the company's CEO, J. Georg Zimmermann, and learnt more about KHD's contribution to the cement industry, its recent restructure and its futhre role.


Health innovation is defined as innovations and improvements in health policies, health system, health products and services, health technologies and service delivery methods in order to improve people's health. The emphasis on innovation in healthcare has been increasing in recent years due to challenges such as rising costs and an aging population. Innovation, which is of vital importance for the health sector, becomes one of the main determinants of social welfare and quality of life with the innovations and advances it brings. Innovative products and services increase the possibilities of early diagnosis and treatment, thus preventing future costs. In this way, alternative solution options can be created for the benefit of the patient, with the increase efficiency of the health system in the long term. In addition, positive externalities can be provided to many health related sectors. With innovation, it is possible to produce cheap and accessible solutions by using advanced technologies in health services where resources are very limited.In this study, it is aimed to draw a conceptual framework on innovation and health innovation and to explain the innovations in health service supply within the framework of the Health Transformation Program put into practice in 2003. In recent years, significant changes have been made in the Turkish health system, especially in the financing, presentation and organization of the service within the scope of health innovation. Although significant progress has been made in the health system with the impact of these changes, there is still some work to be done. As a result of the study, what has been done has been evaluated and recommendations and suggestions have been made about what should be done.


Due to their central role as a source of short-term funding, money markets are also crucial for the implementation and transmission of our monetary policy. Money market rates serve as operational targets for central banks and also as benchmarks for the pricing of credit, thereby directly affecting financing conditions in the real economy. To ensure a smooth transmission of monetary policy to the real economy, it is therefore crucial that money market rates are well-aligned with central banks' policy intentions.[4]


Based on the discontinuous Galerkin method,the concepts of three-dimensional radiation stress,surface roller and wave turbulent mixing effects are applied to develop a three-dimensional numerical model with unstructured grids for wave-induced currents. Validation of the model is carried out by comparing the model simulation with laboratory measurements for wave-induced currents over a slope,e. g. undertow and longshore currents. The model results show that the agreement between the simulated results and the laboratory measurements is generally good; and the proposed model can be used to describe three-dimensional wave-induced currents in nearshore zone.


The probability density function of the intensity of the Rayleigh backscatter signal from a single-mode optical fibre resulting from a short quasimonochromatic pulse excitation is derived for the first time. The result is used to explain the appearance of coherence noise in OTDR systems.


A nanocomposite hydrogel of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polystyrene (PS)-poly(N-vinylacetamide) (PNVA) colloid particles was prepared by repeated freezing and thawing. The polymer colloid was syn...


OBJECTIVE
To identify risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in dairy herds in Québec and to estimate seroprevalence in case and control herds.

DESIGN
Herd-based case-control and seroprevalence study.

ANIMALS
3,059 cows from 24 case and 22 control dairy herds in Québec.

PROCEDURE
Blood samples were obtained from each cow, and sera were tested, using an ELISA, for antibodies to N caninum. Owners of herds answered questionnaires requesting information on demographics and herd management practices. Seroprevalence was compared between case and control herds, using the Mann-Whitney test. Risk factors were compared between case and control herds, using logistic regression.

RESULTS
All case herds and 73% of control herds had at least one seropositive cow. Median seroprevalence was significantly greater among case herds (22.5%) than among control herds (7.5%). Dogs were found most often and in greatest numbers on farms housing case herds compared with control herds during the past 3 years.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Although the exact role that dogs have in transmission of N caninum in dairy herds needs to be elucidated, dogs should have limited access to barns and cattle.


The results of virtual simulation of elastomer parts often differ significantly from the real behaviour of components. A possible reason for this is that only data from unidirectional tensile tests are taken into account. Research workers in Germany report that they have improved known test specifications for biaxial tensile tests. According to scientists at Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, implemented three-dimensional (3D) optical measurement during loading enables the mechanical response of elastomer sheets to be measured precisely. The data from the new test improve material modelling – enhancing design quality of elastomer components.


As a result of the diversity of people's demand, the multi-objective of the social and economic activities begins to appear, in order to meet these diverse demands. However, these objectives are not compatible. This article mainly adopts the combination of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to coordinate the conflict. Keywordsmulti-objective decision-making; data envelopment analysis; analytic hierarchy process;


The stinger check in terms of its intensity is key to the techniques for pipe-laying vessels in the detailed design stage.Based on the case study,the paper applies the finite element software MSC.Patran to the modeling of structure while laying pipes and carries out the numerical simulation with its results serving as a guide to the design and manufacture of the same vessels.


The spectra of -Laplacian operators  on finite metric graphs are studied. An effective secular equation is derived and the spectral asymptotics analysed, exploiting the fact that the secular functi ...


Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. However, the HPV infection is not sufficient to cause neoplasia, and immune mediators, such as chemokines, are important in this context, since they are involved in the regulation of leukocyte trafficking in many essential biological processes, including inflammation. Prolonged inflammation is thought to facilitate carcinogenesis by providing a microenvironment that is ideal for tumor cell development and growth. Chemokines also contribute to tumor development by promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. Among these molecules we highlight the chemokine CXCL12, also called stromal-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF1-α), a pleiotropic chemokine capable of eliciting multiple signal transduction cascades and functions, via interaction with either CXCR4 or CXCR7, which have been implicated in malignant cell survival, proliferation and migration. This review will focus on our current knowledge in the pathogenesis of HPV infection, the main aspects of CXCL12 signaling, its participation in tumor development and immunodeficiencies that may enable the HPV infection. We also discuss how CXCL12 gene expression and polymorphisms may influence tumor development, especially cervical cancer. Finally, we highlight how the inhibition of CXCL12 pathway may be an attractive alternative for cancer therapeutics.


This work presents a neural network model of the drain current for dual-gate MESFET. The model is a combination of two sub-models; a static model represented by DC IV characteristics and dynamic model represented by pulsed IV characteristics. Pulsed measurements are performed at many bias points to capture the full dynamic behaviour of the device. The final model has a total of 25 neurons and is generated in a few minutes. The measurements and model data are in very good agreement with model error of less than 1%.


Lorin J. Mullins (FIG. 1) was an extraordinary individual and a world-class biophysicist. During his long and fruitful scientific career he combined theoretical and practical work of the highest quality. He was a model of both intellectual mastery and experimental dexterity. I would like to honor him by writing about his science, particularly of those years during which I was fortunate to enjoy his friendship and undertake scientific research alongside him. I first saw him during the 1967 Symposium at the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC) in Caracas, an event that consolidated the launching in the international scientific arena of its Biophysics Centre. However, that was not his first visit to Caracas. Indeed, he had been there countless times before, either as an invited lecturer to scientific meetings or as an advisor to the Directors of IVIC. Lorin first visited Venezuela around 1955, in his words, "during the good old PJ (Perez Jimenez) times" (referring to the military dictator who ruled Venezuela during the 1950s). At that time, a black Cadillac limousine used to whisk him right from the door of the Super Constellation airplane to the office of the founder of IVNIC, on top of the hills of Pipe, near San Antonio de 10s Altos, in the outskirts of Caracas. He used to joke about our style of government since, with the removal of the dictator and the advent of the Venezuelan democracy in 1958, he was forced to go through customs, like everybody else, and carry his suitcase to a friend's car. For all this help that he gave to our scientific establishment, the government of Venezuela gave Lorin the coveted Order of Andres Bello (First Class) in 1982, and in 1988 he was granted the Order of Francisco de Miranda (also First Class).


India's motorized two-wheeler market is second only to China in terms of size. While two-wheelers provide several benefits to travelers, they also create several challenges. These include serious safety concerns and dependence on private motorized vehicles. As their numbers continue to grow in Indian cities, it is important to understand their role in urban transport, the motivations and profile of their users, the mobility advantages they offer, and the challenges they present, in order to create well-informed policy and planning decisions to effectively manage the sector. This research aims to inform the debate using empirical evidence and insights from Pune, a typical mid-sized Indian city where two-wheelers are a dominant form of transportation. In Pune, comfort and convenience were seen to be the main reasons for two-wheeler use. Significantly, two-thirds of the surveyed riders formerly used public transportation, and nearly 80% were willing to shift to public transport if services improved. Evidence suggests that such 'pull' strategies are a prime condition for 'push' strategies, like price mechanisms (charging real costs of use) and demand management, to be effective disincentives for two-wheeler use. Findings suggests that increases in income levels is likely to lead to car ownership, but not necessarily to a decline in the role or mode share of two-wheelers, given their relative speed and flexibility in congested Indian conditions. Results revealed a wide income distribution among two-wheeler users, and ownership was seen to increase with household incomes. Among the surveyed riders, roughly 20% had been in an accident and only 43% wore a helmet regularly, though majority were in favor of the helmet law.


At Air Force Station, Kalaikunda, during the crank of engine de-inhibition run on MIG-27 ML TS-615 aircraft, abnormal rattling sound was heard from jet nozzle area after completion of TS cycle. Post flight inspection of the aircraft revealed adherence of non-magnetic metal particle on LPTR blade at 7 o'clock position, small fragment within the jet nozzle & dent at 3 and 4 o'clock positions over second stage nozzle guide vanes. The present investigation was assigned to NML to find out
root cause and sequence of failure of the component.


A case of pseudosarcoma, a rare polypoid tumor of the esophagus with a favorable prognosis, is reported. This is believed to be the sixth case to be reported in the English medical literature. The characteristic gross, microscopic, and clinical features as well as a brief discussion of the origin and morphogenesis of the sarcomatous (sarcoma‐like) elements of the tumor are presented. Attempts are also made to distinguish this rather unique lesion from the relatively more common and more malignant‐behaving "carcinosarcoma" of the esophagus. The patient, after a successful esophagectomy with end‐to‐end anastomosis, is physically well and without any symptoms of recurrence to date (17 months postoperative).


Type 2 compressed natural gas(CNG) storage vessels for automobiles are becoming widely used. They are not only supplied to automakers in Korea, such as Hyundai Motors, but increasingly, they are being exported overseas. Autofrettage is a process that produces beneficial residual stresses in a vessel by subjecting it to excessive internal pressure. This strengthens the vessel and improves its fatigue resistance. This paper presents research investigating the autoftettage process and residual stresses it produces in type 2 CNG storage vessels. A finite element analysis technique and a closed form equation are used. Then, fatigue resistance is analyzed through a fatigue evaluation performed according to ASME section VIII.