Matched filter (MF) processing has been shown to provide significant performance gains when processing stellar imagery used for asteroid detection, recovery, and tracking. This includes extending detection ranges to fainter magnitudes at the noise limit of the imagery and operating in dense cluttered star fields as encountered at low Galactic latitudes. The MF software has been shown to detect 40% more asteroids in high-quality Spacewatch imagery relative to the currently implemented approaches, which are based on moving target indicator (MTI) algorithms. In addition, MF detections were made in dense star fields and in situations in which the asteroid was collocated with a star in an image frame, cases in which the MTI algorithms failed. Thus, using legacy sensors and optics, improved detection sensitivity is achievable by simply upgrading the image-processing stream. This in turn permits surveys of the near-Earth asteroid (NEA) population farther from opposition, for smaller sizes, and in directions previously inaccessible to current NEA search programs. A software package has been developed and made available on the NASA data services Web site that can be used for asteroid detection and recovery operations utilizing the enhanced performance capabilities of MF processing.


This study aims to decipher how Internet celebrities in China, or Wanghong, accumulate their credibility and how they gratify fans in China. By conducting qualitative research based on interviews in Guangzhou, China, this study fills a research gap in understanding the internet celebrity culture in digital China. The analysis shows that Chinese fans were attracted by Wanghong because of their positive personality traits, e.g., being humorous and inner beauty. They followed Wanghong mainly because they gained useful information and advice from Wanghong who at the same time provided entertainment. The benefits from following Wanghong are mainly the acquiring of information and the fulfillment of emotional needs. This information was then shared to boost the follower's self-esteem and to strengthen the follower's connection with his or her social circle. However, although most interviewees were satisfied with their parasocial interactions with Wanghong, they expected more interactions.


This paper proposes a new design of high-gain beam-steerable dipole antenna array for fifth generation (5G) smartphone applications. This 5G antenna was designed used RT Duroid 5880 substrate with dimension size 60×130×0.787 mm3. It consists of 10 dipole antenna elements to a linear array form that smartphone can be configured at the top portion of a smartphone PCB. Simulated show results the proposed 5G antenna is working in the frequency range of 34.875–42.000 GHz, providing 7.125 GHz or 18.75 % of impedance bandwidth. The proposed of 5G antenna reaches gain 13 dBi, and produces a 3 dimensional beam steerable characteristics in the entire operational frequency. The proposed antenna also has mutual coupling characteristic between its elements of less than -10 dB.


Emerging evidence suggests that the basis for variation in late ‐ life mobility is attributable, in part, to genetic factors, which may become increasingly important with age. Our objective was to systematically assess the contribution of genetic variation to gait speed in older individuals. We conducted a meta ‐ analysis of gait speed GWASs in 31,478 older adults from 17 cohorts of the CHARGE consortium, and validated our results in 2,588 older adults from 4 independent studies. We followed our initial discoveries with network and eQTL analysis of candidate signals in tissues. The meta ‐ analysis resulted in a list of 536 suggestive genome wide significant SNPs in or near 69 genes. Further interrogation with Pathway Analysis placed gait speed as a polygenic complex trait in five major networks. Subsequent eQTL analysis revealed several SNPs significantly associated with the expression


Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important for the loss of high‐energy electrons in the radiation belt. Based on the measurements of Van Allen Probes, two events during the same storm period are presented to study the propagation of EMIC waves. In the first event, left‐handed polarized EMIC waves were observed near the plasmapause, while right‐handed waves were observed in the inner plasmasphere. The Poynting flux of the right‐hand waves was mainly directed inward and equatorward, and no positive growth rates were obtained in the region of these right‐hand waves, indicating the inward propagation of the waves from a higher L‐shell. In the second event, the wave vectors were quasi‐perpendicular to the background magnetic field inside the plasmaspheric plume but became quasi‐parallel outside. This phenomenon can be explained by the refraction of the large density gradient, which qualitatively satisfies Snell's law. These observations provide indirect evidence of the inward propagation of the EMIC waves and give a new insight on how density gradients may modify wave properties.


The merchants' strikes in the decade (1927—1937) took on some more distinctive features than before.The merchants in Tianjin went on strikes after the Jinan Massacre to object the Organization of Resistance Against Japan and demand that the nation-saving fund be reduced or even abograted.They resumed their business soon after their demand was met. While after the September 18th Incident, the students' proposal of a shopkeepers' strike in Shanghai against the aggression was rejected because of the merchants' strong objection.Nevertheless the merchants in Shanghai were forced to hold strikes under the special circumstances of the war after the December 8th Incident. But soon they returned to normal not only for their own interests but also for the residents' life in Shanghai and even the finacial order in China.Such being the case, one reason is that the strikes were banned by the government of KMT and the other is that the CPC wasn't able to conduct propaganda and agitation for its being oppressed.In fact, the merchants had to consider their own interests though they had the same nationalist feelings as their fellow countryman. In conclusion lastly,whether they hold strikes or they hold the strikes positively or passively can't be the criteria of the merchants' nationalism.


This is a theoretical paper, which presents a systematic and critical review of different authors about the neighborhood effect and the State's role in the life paths of young people and introduces reflections, contributions and nuances that have emerged from an empirical work, with the intention of advancing the conceptual reflection of phenomena such as neighborhood effect and processes of youth social exclusion on the outskirts of the city. The methodology chosen is the comparative case study among four working class neighborhoods in the periphery of Barcelona and Milan. Finally, main conclusions are: previous researches about neighbourhood effect have ascribed other elements to the neighbourhood leading to social exclusion, even when they are not created by neighbourhood itself, but they are the result of extra-territorial and extra-local processes.


Because of lack of internal energy dissipation law of landslide in the sliding and impact processes,we can not calculate the impact energy precisely.In order to solve this issue,the landslide models are designed and constructed according to the similarity principle.The measurement system of friction coefficient is made up of photoelectric sensor and electronic timer;and the measurement system of impact force is made up of dynamic soil pressure sensor and dynamic strain acquisition instrument.A measurement method of impact energy is proposed for the situations of perfect elastic collision and completely inelastic collision.The impact energies of landslide mass with the same weight and different particle sizes are tested.The results show that the impact energies decrease markedly with the particle size decreasing.And the reasons are that:the internal energy dissipation of landslide mass increase with the particle sizes decreasing;and the friction coefficient between the landslide mass and sliding path increases also,which adds to the friction energy dissipation.Based on the experiment analysis,two methods are proposed to calculate the impact energy,which provide reference for the further research,under the condition of unknown internal energy dissipation mechanism.The comparison with the existing method indicates that:for the landslides composed of all kinds of particle sizes,the result of method ignoring the inner energy dissipation is bigger than the proposed two methods;and the differences increase with the particle size decreasing.


Plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to perceive and transmit light signals. In Arabidopsis, the COP1/SPA complex acts as a central repressor within this network. It forms part of a ubiquitin ligase that targets activators of the light response for degradation and thereby regulates processes such as seedling development, stomata differentiation, vegetative plant growth and the induction of flowering. But while light signal transduction has been extensively studied over the past decades, light regulation of the COP1/SPA complex is still not fully understood and in some aspects of plant development, additional regulators of the light response are yet to be identified.

In the first part of this study, I investigated the role of the SPA proteins within the COP1/SPA complex and their regulation by light. Light controls COP1 nucleocytoplasmic partitioning, but monitoring COP1 subcellular localisation in a spa quadruple mutant showed that its nuclear accumulation in darkness is not changed by the absence of the SPA proteins. However, analysis of protein levels revealed that SPA1 and SPA2 are themselves regulated by rapid, light-induced proteasomal degradation, suggesting that light inactivates COP1/SPA complexes in part by reducing SPA protein levels. SPA2 is more strongly degraded than SPA1, which correlates with the fact that SPA2, but not SPA1, loses its repressor function when seedlings are exposed to light. However, degradation is not the sole reason for the lack of SPA2 function in light-grown seedlings, implying that an additional post-translational mechanism must inactivate the remaining SPA2 protein
in the cell.

In the second part of this study, I characterised the Aux/IAA protein AXR3, a repressor of auxin signalling, as a novel regulator of light-dependent stomatal development. The axr3-1 gain-of-function mutant displays enhanced stomata formation in darkness, which results from increased cell divisions in the stomatal lineage. Epistasis analysis demonstrated that AXR3 acts genetically upstream of the YDA MAP kinase cascade, but in parallel with COP1, TMM and members of the ER family to regulate stomatal development.
Furthermore, this study showed that auxin is required for the suppression of stomata formation in darkness while light appears to counteract its effect. Taken together, these results imply that AXR3 regulates stomatal development in response to light and auxin signals although the mechanism of this regulation remains elusive.


The effects of minor elements, P, S and Si, on microstructure and mechanical properties of In 718 alloy were investigated. It is shown that decreasing P content causes the appearance of a film-like 6 phase, while increasing Si content promotes the formation of Laves and M6C phases and reduction of the precipitation of 6 phase. The most striking effect is that the stress rupture life prolonged nearly 4 times and the stress rupture ductility rose over 4 times when the P content increased from 0.0008% to 0.013%. This remarkable changes of the properties are related to the precipitation and oxidation resistance on the grain boundaries of the alloy. The mechanisms by which P, S and Si influence the superalloy are discussed in the text. Superalloys 7X,625,706 and Various Derivatives Edited by E.A. Loria The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1997


Abstract In Denmark it will be a challenge in near future to balance the electrical grid due to a large increase in the renewable energy production mainly from wind turbines. Smart grid solutions which exploit all storage capacities are essential to meet this challenge. In this work single family houses with heat pumps and floor heating are investigated for storage capability. The aim is to shift energy consumption a few hours in time to mitigate the effect of fluctuating production from wind and other renewable energy sources on the grid. Based on measurements in six inhabited houses for approximately a year prediction models are analysed. The main topic of this work is to investigate how behaviour of inhabitants affect the quality of predictions. Unfortunately the output of the models for single inhabited single family houses seems to give large standard deviations of the predictions, and aggregated models for use in a coordinated control scheme could improve the possibility to use thermal capacity in houses as dynamical storages.


This paper studies antifungal activity of Cinnamaldehyde against some common fungi and compares with that of Ketoconasolc.The results showed the MIC of Cinnamaldehyde against yeast and yeast-like fungi ranged from 1.95 to 62.50μg/ml,C.krusei and C.tropicalis were the most sensitive fungi to this dnig.The MIC against dermatomyces and deep fungi ranged from 7.82 to 125.00μg/ml,and T.viloacettm was the most sensitive strain.Time-inhibition of this drug against 10 isolates of C.albicans from different patients was also studied.The lowest antifungal point occurred 8 hours after incubation.SEM and TEM examination demonstrated morphologic change and cell wall impairment of C.albicans,T.mentagrophytes and S.schenckii after they were treated with Cinnamaldehyde.

Key words:
Fungi


The article reviews the art exhibition "Coregrafias," from the artist Aliza Nisenbaum, held at the Anton Kern gallery in New York City in 2019.


bibliography. Further questions remain. How did mature women (for example, when making court depositions) describe their own ages, and can we find any differences in examples from male deponents? Did women's age in terms of years matter to medieval people to anything like the extent it does to modern people, or was marital and sexual status of far greater concern? Do representations of women from southern European regions or of women from the peasant majority—neither of whom is represented in the collection—differ from northwestern or elite European women in the imagery or experiences of "middle age"? Middle-Aged Women in the Middle Ages helps fill a gap in existing historiography on medieval women and life cycle, and the individual essays offer well-researched, scholarly, and stimulating specialist studies, yet there remain many matters to be further explored. Kim M. Phillips University of Auckland


Nonwovens development situation at present in the world is introduced.It is forecasted that nonwovens increasing speed will lower slightly comparing with the speed five years ago during "Eleven·Five".It is described that improve self-reliance creative capacity,speed up transfer style are development direction of China Nonwovens in the future.


V ^ v e r a decade has passed since the data were collected for the Gannett Foundation-funded 1982-1983 study of U.S. journalists which resulted in publication ofThe American Journalist' During this time, great changes occurred in journalism and in the larger society. Even more dramatic changes occurred since the 1971 benchmark stvidy,The News People, by John W. Jolinstoneand his colleagues.' These changes included the wholesale adoption of new technologies that have changed not only the speed of transmission of news, but also its nature. But what of American daily newspaper journalists? Have they, too, changed dramatically in the past decade? As the following findings will suggest, the answer is both yes and no, but mostly no. The past decade has been one of some worrisome change, and some progress, among daily newspaper journalists, but it has also been a period of little growth in overall numbers and little change in the representation of women and minorities.


Genetic haernochromatosis (GH) is the commonest inherited disorder in Caucasian populations and typically affects individuals of North European or Celtic descent. The prevalence has been reported to be between 1 in 200 to 1 in 400 in Western countries.!' and an autosomal recessive inheritance has been recognised for more than 25 years." It leads to excessive absorption of dietary iron with resulting iron overload in the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, gonads and skin. In 1996, the common gene defect that leads to the development of this condition was identified. A missense mutation (C282Y) leads to the substitution of tyrosine for cysteine at the 282 amino acid position of the protein product of the HFE gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome six.' A second, more common mutation (H63D) does not appear to cause clinical sequelae unless associated with a single C282Y mutation ("compound heterozygotes"), in which case affected individuals may develop iron overload. The early population screening studies in Western countries established a prevalence of GH based on the biochemical expression of the disorder as indicated by elevated transferrin saturation and serum ferritin."? In some studies, HLA-typing was also used, followed by a confirmatory liver biopsy.However, these studies were undertaken prior to the availability of accurate gene mutation analysis. In Britain, over 90% of individuals with GH are homozygous for the C282Y mutation whilst another 4% are compound heterozygotes." The largest study examining the mutation frequency in Britain reported a frequency of the C282Y mutation of8.23% (l in 12) amongst 10,500 South Wales blood donors." Seventy-two donors were homozygous for C282Y (l in 147) and 253 were compound heterozygotes for C282Y and H63D (l in 42). Olynk et al conducted a population-based study on 3,011 unrelated, white adults in Busselton, Australia and found that 1 in 200 were homozygous for the C282Y mutation.' A retrospective study was recently conducted in Scandinavia examining anonymised dried blood of newborns." It reported that Denmark had an 8.2% carrier rate of the C282Y mutation. Although no direct prevalence studies have been undertaken in Scotland, several other population studies support the hypothesis that GH has arisen from an ancient Celtic race. 13-16 Therefore the prevalence of the condition in the Scottish population is likely to be high. If so, the important question is: where are all the patients? The problem is that despite the high prevalence of genetic haemochromatosis, the clinical expression of the disorder (phenotypic haemochromatosis) appears much less common. Early reviews relying on the classical features of cirrhosis, pigmentation, diabetes and arthropathy for diagnosis suggested a frequency of 1 in 20,000 hospital admissions in the United States. 17 However, post-mortem studies suggest that this figure is a gross underestimate, reporting a frequency of 1 or 2 per 1000. \8.\9 This highlights the important fact that whilst the prevalence of GH is extremely common in certain populations, its clinical presentation and diagnosis is relatively uncommon. Whether this is due to a lack of penetrance or simple under-diagnosis is unclear. No study has prospectively followed up healthy homozygotes without venesection, to ascertain the proportion who subsequently develop symptoms or complications. A study which shed some light on this problem was that by Powell et al, who reported that 96% of homozygotes expressed the disease biochemically as indicated by increased hepatic iron concentration over an eight years period." Other studies have suggested that approximately half of male and a quarter of female homozygotes will develop life-threatening complications of this disorder.i':" The uncertainty about the clinical expression of GH may be resolved in the near future by population screening and cohort studies which are already in progress in over 15 countries. However, considering the estimated prevalence of the common mutations, there is likely to be a large number of patients in the Scottish population. Yet from our (and other centres) anecdotal experience, the number of patients with known haemochromatosis remains relatively small. In addition, many of those with known GH were diagnosed following screening family members of an affected individual. Therefore, there appears to be a strong argument to improve diagnosis of this condition and identify individuals with undiagnosed haemochromatosis. Indeed, there have been calls to introduce population screening for GH and the Centre for Disease Control has recommended screening by transferrin saturation for the entire US population." The condition fulfils most of the accepted criteria for screening. It has an effective treatmentin the form of phlebotomy,which if implementedbefore evidence of end-organ damage, results in normal life expectancy." We also now have specific and sensitive screening methods. Biochemical markers of iron overload such as a transferrin saturation level >50% for women and >60% for men have a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.93 with a positive predictive value of 86%.25,26 These can be used prior to confirmation of the disorder by the more expensive genetic test. Modelling studies have also suggested that population screening for GH is cost effective.I' However, until more is known about the disease penetrance and natural history, there are major problems with the introduction of population screening. Labelling individuals with a genetic "disease" without clinical expression is a major concern. It can lead to difficulties with insurance policies, adoption and family relationships. In addition the psychological effect of such information on an asymptomatic individual is unknown. Although a .number of bodies in this country are currently drawing up guidelines for genetic diagnosis and research, the laws governing this issue are currently unclear." Due to these problems, it is generally accepted that population screening for GH should not be introduced at present." In the meantime, it seems a reasonable compromise to screen high risk groups for GH.,3 1 Most patients attending liver clinics for investigation of liver dysfunction are already assessed for evidence of iron overload. Interestingly, this approach has not led to particularly high rates of GH diagnosis." Twoother groups of particular interest are diabetics and patients attending rheumatology clinics. To date, five studies have examined the prevalence of haemochromatosis in a diabetic population.P:" Although the data is not fully consistent, there appears to be a slightly increased prevalence of GH in this patient group, with a carrier rate of between I in 100-200 confirmed by liver biopsy. Arthralgia is a common presenting symptom of haemochromatosis, and the highest prevalence of previously unrecognised GH (1.5%) was reported from screened patients attending an Australian rheumatology clinic." No study has examined the prevalence of haemochromatosis amongst patients with cardiac failure or chronic fatigue, although these may be other potential groups for screening. In general,


Computer numerical control technology is mechanical movement with digital information and work process control technology, data processing is the reverse engineering of important technical aspects, which determines whether the subsequent model reconstruction process easy and accurate manner. In this paper, computer numerical control machining complex surfaces feature full potential of existing computer numerical control equipment, automatic control system designed to make computer numerical control machining equipment to achieve higher processing speed, high precision machining, and computer numerical control equipment in order to achieve high efficiency machining.


The stress of Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) structure is studied,discussed the main differences between BWB and conventional cylindrical fuselage,and proposed a new non-cylindrical fuselage structure of BWB.The stress of the circle section,the rectangular section and the mixed section are compared through computation and analysis.The computing result demonstrates that the mixed section is a better non-cylindrical structure of BWB.This structure reduces the stress and increases the security of the BWB.


What does it mean by a "nation" or a "nation-state" when scholars address them, and in what ways are they imagined? How is national solidarity imaginarily achieved? By default, linguists and political theorists assumed the nation to be a social construct, an entity imagined by a commune of people sharing some kinship or common ideological beliefs. For these people, they don't need to be bound to some existing connections such as vernacular connotations; especially from Benedict Anderson's perspective, today's modern world relies upon an unfailing realm wherein members feel a "horizontal" comradeship with each other. In all, this paper furthers Anderson's argument to show the powerful, upper class might use the concept of nation to safeguard their dominating social status, and thereby become an unshakable, solidified existence in the social world. To prove the aforementioned claim, it first recaps Anderson's core argument, "the nation does not exist, it is imagined". Most people may consider that they reside in the same nation because of their biological inheritance, as they and people alike look very similar since, they were born. As a result, a primitive perception of a nation is born out of a community united by blood. Yet with the advancement of human civilization, the different nations loosened connections with each other through immigration and active interpenetration: warfare, cross-regional marketing, and chaos and rebellions. "No more arresting emblems of the modern culture of nationalism exist than cenotaphs and tombs of Unknown Soldiers. The public ceremonial reverence accorded these monuments precisely because they are either deliberately empty or no one knows who lies inside them, has no true precedents in earlier times." (Benedict Anderson p.1) Ultimately, it shows people create noumenal evidence to show that they are in a nation that has been existing for a long time, nevertheless, the unreality of these substances may induce more existential problems.


Different card operated entry control systems have been developed. However, it is desired that the system is reliable, easy to implement and available at market. In this paper, we design and develop an electronic entry control system which is based on an ID card and ID card reader. In our system, the ID card contains encoded Litho-code ID and the card reader is used to read the encoded ID. We develop offline Software to collect user information, save data and to print the ID card. We design and develop the electronic card reader to capture the ID using infra-red (IR) sensors and for computer interfacing. We develop online software to process the signals exchanged between the card reader and CPU. In this paper, first we present the system layout and design outline. Then we explain the development and implementation methodology. Finally, we test the system and present the results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i4.705


This study examined the possibility that in Alzheimer disease (AD) β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) mRNA is delivered to senile plaques (SPs) via dendritic processes. βAPP mRNA was detected in SPs by in situ hybridization, using a 1.4-kb cRNA in which both [35S]-UTP and [35S]-CTP were incorporated together. The βAPP mRNA was compared with that of furin, a proteolytic enzyme putatively involved in βAPP processing, and its orthologue proprotein convertase PC1 served as a control. Human presenile AD cases with mostly immature SPs and AD cases generally with mature SPs were analyzed. To decrypt SPs after hybridization, brain sections were stained with thioflavin S. To establish relationships between the density of dystrophic fibers, the degree of plaque maturation, and the concentration of mRNA in SPs, the plaque maturity markers Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–40 peptides were co-localized with neurofilament protein 200 and compared with microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2). The results suggest that immature, Aβ1–42- and dystrophic dendrite-containing SPs (but not mature SPs containing Aβ1–40 and missing dystrophic dendrites) are capable of concentrating specific mRNAs. Dystrophic dendrites may thus serve as a route for the transport of specific mRNAs from the cell bodies to SPs.


There is a foundation pit of box culverts adjacent to the water pipe bridge of the Dam River in Shenzhen. This text uses large finite element software MIDAS/GTS to do the three-dimensional numerical simulation of pile-earth-supporting anchor, and analyzes the influences on the pipe bridge during the evacuation of the foundation pit with box culverts. This text is on the purpose of providing suggestion for the design and construction of the foundation pit.


This thesis analyzes Confucian theory of politics,Merncius' theory of benevolent administration,and Xunzi's theory of ruling by Li,on the basis of which the connection and difference of politics and ethics have been probed.In addition,the relevant theories and thoughts of some wellknown western philosophers are analyzed to a depth.The analysis here is intended to push forward the development of the political and spiritual civilization with Chinese characterizations.


Country‐rock structures adjacent to plutons of the linear, northwest‐southeast‐trending Mt Alto Supersuite, Hodgkinson Province, northeastern Australia, are variably developed from north to south along the belt. S3 and S4 cleavages show close temporal relationships with pluton emplacement and are better and more widely developed around plutons in the north, whereas much weaker cleavages of the same generation are only sporadically developed to the south. Cleavage trend lines anastomose around less elongate plutons to the north but are generally truncated by more elongate plutons to the south. It is proposed that a major crustal dislocation, the Alto Fault Zone, comprises a set of subparallel structures that formed prior to granite intrusion and controlled emplacement of some plutons and their final shapes. The north‐south variation in structural relations is interpreted to reflect a corresponding variation in depth of emplacement from north to south, which resulted when post‐emplacement reactivation of th...


A novel voltage stability relation function based on an one-machine-infinite-bus (OMIB) equivalent was proposed, which shows detailed relationship between voltage stability and transient stability. Since the OMIB hybrid simulation has the ability to take into consideration any kind of system detailed dynamic model, the proposed voltage stability relation function embodies all the system's nonlinearity, which is stricter than traditional static voltage stability indexes. The feasibility and validity of the proposed index were demonstrated on 9-bus, 14-bus, 39-bus and 692-bus systems.


The clean production examination determines whether the implementation of the clean production mode will success.In order to make Fuxin Brewery achieve the best clean production mode,the clean production programs of Fuxin Brewery were screened in this paper,the medium or high expense programs were analyzed from the aspect of economic indicators and the optimal program was found.If the optimal program is implemented,it will reduce pollution,make the resources used reasonably and achieve the unification of the economic and environmental benefits.


Abstract. We present and compare 11 years of snow data (snow depth and
snow water equivalent, SWE) measured by an automatic weather station (AWS) and
corroborated by data from field campaigns on the Forni Glacier in Italy. The
aim of the analysis is to estimate the SWE of new snowfall and the annual SWE
peak based on the average density of the new snow at the site (corresponding
to the snowfall during the standard observation period of 24 h) and
automated snow depth measurements. The results indicate that the daily SR50
sonic ranger measurements and the available snow pit data can be used to estimate
the mean new snow density value at the site, with an error of
 ± 6 kg m −3 . Once the new snow density is known, the sonic ranger
makes it possible to derive SWE values with an RMSE of 45 mm water equivalent
(if compared with snow pillow measurements), which turns out to be about
8 % of the total SWE yearly average. Therefore, the methodology we
present is interesting for remote locations such as glaciers or high alpine
regions, as it makes it possible to estimate the total SWE using a relatively inexpensive, low-power, low-maintenance, and
reliable instrument such as the sonic ranger.


This paper examines the concerns and issues in agricultural credit in India. The analysis states that the credit delivery to the agriculture sector continues to be insufficient. It appears that the banking system is still hesitant on various grounds to provide credit to small and marginal farmers. Transformation in banking policies and practices and the resultant of and access to total bank credit during the post-bank nationalization period have not satisfactorily addressed equitable and efficient delivery of agriculture and rural credit. Due to declining in public capital formation in the rural and agriculture sector and the persistent unenthusiastic attitude of rural bankers towards formal financing, the planners and policymakers are believe on microfinance to suitably supplement formal banking in rural India.


Abstract. A new feather mites species, Proctophyllodes cetti sp. nov., is described from Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti (Temminck, 1820) (Sylviidae) from Kazakhstan. The standard morphological description is supplemented by cytochrome subunit oxidase I sequence data (DNA barcode).


Evaluation on students' comprehensive quality in higher vocational education is a complex systematic project.Firstly,based on quantitative record,the weight coefficients of various indicators of students' comprehensive quality were established by AHP method.Secondly,the Ci value of every student was calculated by TOPSIS method.Finally,evaluating students' comprehensive quality according to Ci value,and students' comprehensive quality was ranked according to the Ci value.As is shown in the result,the comprehensive quality can be evaluated objectively and comprehensively by the TOPSIS method in combination with AHP method,which can be regarded as simple and effective evaluation method.


Precarious employment is on the rise in the United States. Research suggests that young workers are more likely than older workers to be in precarious work. Yet much remains unknown regarding the precarious nature of employment experienced by young workers, despite evidence of the importance of this period for long-term employment opportunities. To address this gap in knowledge, this study used a nationallyrepresentative, longitudinal dataset to create a multi-dimensional measure of precarious employment, and assessed precarious employment trajectories over time for young women and men. Findings revealed that, while there were significant shifts in levels of precarity over time for both males and females, patterns differed by gender. Overall, higher percentages of females than males remained concentrated at the semi-precarious level over time—meaning that they did not move further into or out of precarious employment—while higher percentages of males became either much more precarious or much less precarious over time. These findings challenge the common assumption that young people generally move out of low-wage or otherwise "bad" jobs over time, and suggest that there is a need for additional attention to gendered patterns in job quality among young people. Social workers have an important role to play in helping young people enter non-precarious jobs, and in engaging in advocacy to improve the quality of jobs available.


Objective To establish common body temperature(BT) variation curve of patients with simple lumber disc excision so as to find abnormal temperature and its causes in good time.Methods The sample was 47 cases of patients with simple lumber disc excision without complication.Their BT changes were measured at one week after surgery.Through statistical analysis,the normal BT variation curve was established.Results The 95% confidence interval of every measure point in one week after surgery was obtained.The polygram was established.Conclusion The characteristic of BT curve is direct and convenient.It is easy to be used by nursing staff.Its application is perspective.The function of cue and monitoring would make daily measurement more significant for nursing staff.


IN the same work in which the founder of Inductive Science noted the " deficiencies of Lmedicine," he likewise complained that he could find " no sufficient or competent collection of the heteroclites or irregulars of nature well examined and described." * Since the days of Lord Bacon, and particularly of later years, much has been done for the advancement of that department of physiology which refers to original defects of structure and malformations; but, notwithstanding the labours of the St. Hilaires and Vroliks of our times, it must still be admitted that the modern-named science of Teratology requires larg,e additions of correctly-observed and well-described facts for its complete development. I shall probably not overrate the importance of this class of facts, when I express the opinion that practical medicine itself, no less than the natural history of our species, may hope to receive additions from the study of these exceptional cases of original structure and function. Hence I think that the cases which I propose now to describe are not merely


The scab is a widespread disease throughout the world causing large financial losses in apple production and needs to be controlled also by developing polygenic varieties with resistance to several races of the pathogen Venturia inaequalis by incorporation of two or more functionally different resistance genes. The studies for evidence of interest genes relating to the resistance of apple varieties to apple scab have been conducted using several types of molecular markers (SCAR, SSR, RAPD, ISSR etc.). In this experiment, using six SSR molecular markers (CH02b10, CH05e03, CH02d01, Hi07f01 and Hi07h02), was tracked the reveal of amplified fragments, corresponding to PCR products associated with resistance genes Rvi2, Rvi8, Rvi5 and Rvi11, but also the intraspecific diversity expressed at the molecular level of Romanian apple varieties, some of them having common genitors. The position of the amplified fragments on the agarose gel for the six SSR markers was located on similar values ranges to those published in various specialized papers, the size of the amplified fragments following to be evaluated by the sequencing step and published in a new paper as an addition to the results of this study.


Abstract : Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of iodine as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts.


Installation to clean loaded with nitrogen oxides exhaust gases, wherein the exhaust gas enters for heating alternately in one of two filled with ceramic storage masses regenerator post-heated with a burner and is supplied after addition of a reducing agent a reduction catalyst for reducing the nitrogen oxides, while from the catalyst exiting denitrified hot exhaust gas in countercurrent heat the heat storage mass of the other regenerator, wherein for the alternate supply of the to be cleaned exhaust gas to the regenerator and hot denitrified exhaust gas to the other regenerator one end of the regenerators alternately with an exhaust gas supply line and a discharge line for the cooled denitrified exhaust gas is characterized geke after passage of the heat storage mass and the other end of the regenerators alternately with a discharge pipe for the preheated exhaust gas to the burner or a supply line for the hot exhaust denitrified connectable is used to mark, that for the alternate connection of the one end of the regenerators (6, 7) with the exhaust gas supply line (5) and the discharge line (36) ...


Medical researcher Shinya Yamanaka of the University of California, San Francisco, and Kyoto University, a pioneer in generating pluripotent stem cells without human embryos, and mathematician Laszlo Lovasz of Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest, known for his research on discrete structures, have won the Kyoto Prize from Japan's Inamori Foundation in the advanced technology and basic sciences categories, respectively. South African visual artist William Kentridge is the winner in the arts and philosophy category. Each winner receives $550,000.


Focuses on the work of one of the best known artists of any period, the painter Michelangelo Merisi or Caravaggio (1573-1610). Although he died a young man in 1610, he is often considered the most important painter of the 17th century. Explores Caravaggio


ABSTRACT Non-indigenous fruit crops such as peaches, apples, and vinifera grapes have limited potential for organic production in the southeastern United States due to the substantial pest pressures associated with the long growing season and the warm, humid climate. In contrast, rabbiteye blueberries, which comprise a large majority of the blueberry acreage in the Southeast, are native to the region and are well adapted to cope with its challenging climate, poor soils, and extensive pest complexes. Although rabbiteye blueberries are resistant to several important diseases affecting other blueberry species, all rabbiteye cultivars appear susceptible to mummy berry disease and most are affected by one or more foliar diseases such as Septoria leaf spot, Gloeosporium leaf spot, and/or leaf rust. This article briefly reviews old and new approaches for controlling these diseases organically. Mummy berry can be managed by pathogen exclusion, soil cultivation against overwintering primary inoculum, and application of a Bacillus subtilis-based biofungicide against secondary infection of flowers. For foliar diseases, host resistance is the first line of defense, whereas fish oil-based biofungicides have provided promising levels of disease suppression on susceptible cultivars. Knowledge gaps and future research needs are discussed.


Human–computer interaction cognitive behavior (HCICB) modeling faces four deficiencies: 1) lack of a standard framework model; 2) large simulation error; 3) single simulation dimension; and 4) lack of a simulation software. To solve these deficiencies, we have carried out work in four aspects. First, we construct an HCICB model with the user, system device, and environment as the core elements, which provides a unified framework for the subsequent HCICB modeling in the Military Internet of Things (MIoT) command and control (C2) system. Second, we correct visual and motion parameters in the adaptive control of thought rational module of the Cogtool model by the commander in the loop (CIL) experiment. Third, we construct a mental workload (MW) prediction model of the MIoT C2 system based on improved visual auditory cognitive psychomotor, which realizes fast, high-precision, and quantitative MW prediction. It is added as a simulation dimension for the HCICB. Fourth, we develop MwCogtool, an HCICB prediction software that can rapidly simulate typical tasks at the design and usage stages of the MIoT C2 system, and also can output six parameters, including task completion time (TCT), MW, eye movement prepare time, eye movement execution time, motion time, and cognitive time in the whole process quickly and visually. In addition, we select 20 real users and 9 typical tasks of the MIoT C2 system to carry out the CIL verification experiment. Compared with Cogtool, MwCogtool reduces the maximum simulation error in TCT of the C2 system from 45.00% to 5.58%. The consistency of simulation results with real user data reaches 0.99. The results of the MW prediction model can significantly and negatively predict the change of real users' eye movement, and can accurately predict the trend of MW change. Simultaneously, we build a fitting model between the mean MW prediction value and eye movement parameters.


A large collection of public-domain mathematical software is now available via electronic mail. Messages sent to "netlib@anl-mcs" (on the Arpanet/CSNET) or to "research!netlib" (on the UNIX® network) wake up a server that distributes items from the collection. The one-line message "send index" causes a library catalog to be sent by return mail.


Let R = {R 1 , R 2 ,..., R N } be a set of data elements. The elements of R are accessed by the users of the system according to a fixed but unknown distribution S = {s 1 , s 2 ,..., s N }, referred to as the users' query distribution. In this paper we consider the problem of organizing data so as to optimize its retrieval. However, rather than organize the data according to Q, the stream of queries presented by the user, we suggest a scheme by which the data is organized based on a synthesized query stream Q'. This synthesized stream possesses an underlying distribution, S'. Thus, in effect, the data organization is achieved according to the distribution S' and so, in one sense, the user's query distribution is modified without his knowing it


Insects are usually attracted by volatiles emerging through permeable packaging material, improper seals or other leaks in a given package. A number of package types were tested for invasion by neonate larvae of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. Moth eggs could be found close to minute openings in packages, and neonate larvae were able to enter into the product. This was proven by finding intense webbing and grown larvae inside the package after a few weeks at 25°C and 65% r.h. Adult rice weevils were found to invade through existing openings but not to penetrate packaging material. Bags were often found to be leaky around the seams. In some cases product caught in the seam prevented proper sealing. Welding seams parallel to the edge of a bag were found safer than those at a right angle to the edge. Other bags were leaky because they obviously had been punctured by spike wheels during transportation within the facility of the producer. Clips that may be convenient for consumers and attractive in their appearance were found inappropriate as seals against stored product insects if used as the sole means to close a bag. In cardboard boxes leaks were found around the corners when the flaps did not overlap;, when folding caused tension in the flaps; when glue had been applied only in spots, and when cartons were perforated to make opening more convenient.


Now many once data having enor- mous size and it is very dicult to adjust it or do the regula- tion on the data. With the data that has a gauge very large the it takes a depository capable of performing storage in abundance and management can the good data. Database is a pile of the information stored in computer in systematic so as to be examined using a computer program to derive information from the base the data. Nosql can do service for data number of capacity in accordance with the data which is today. Hadoop is one of nosql with Hbase as databases. Hbase is application of hadoop database that is distributed oriented to columns (column-oriented). On hadoop there are method map reduce namely hadoop mapreduce frame- work to address the issues by involving data very large bas- ing java and open source. Mapreduce do computation with divide the expense of computation and processed in parallel or together


Speaker Identification (SI) pertains to the method of understanding person voice by utilizing the techniques of machine learning algorithms. Extracting the feature information from speaker utterances is an essential activity in the speaker identification process to classify the speakers accurately. In many speaker identification systems Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Dynamic Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (DMFCC) are used as features because of its potential to represent repetitive nature of speech signal. This work aims to consider the MFCC and DMFCC coefficient which is used to improve the recognition of speaker systems in precision. To construct the speaker identity model, the extracted MFCC and DMFCC features were fed into a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Bayesian Classifier as input. The Performance of GMM and Bayesian classifier is analyzed for different number of mixtures. The GNN Model can reach maximum accuracy of 82.7% for MFCC and 80.12% for DMFCC. On the other hand the Bayesian classifier performance is 79.43 for MFCC and 83.92% for DMFCC. To classify a speaker, the extraction of features and the classification model can be applied extensively to different types of speaker datasets.


To further the adequate and proper use of light, the Westinghouse Lighting Institute was opened on May 30, 1929 at the Grand Central Palace in New York City. Occupying practically an entire city block and having an area of approximately 40,000 sq. ft., it permits a full-sized realistic setting for each lighting application. Through the center of the institute is a city street complete with its lights, traffic signals, signs, and show windows. Along each side is a variety of buildings including different types of stores, an industrial plant, a garage and Finding station and even a six-room house. Behind these actual facades are equally realistic interiors where hghting effects are demonstrated in proper surroundings. Subjects too large to include in full size, — such as, an airport or a modern office building, — are reproduced in the form of models; however, there are, full-sized sections of street railway cars, busses, and an actual automobile.


This study aims to describe the development of Tri-N (Niteni-Nirokke-Nambahi) and Strengthening Character Education (PPK) in the VII grade text description learning tool in junior high schools. The learning kit is in the form of a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). The RPP contains the teachings of Tri-N and PPK implemented in the learning process activities section, namely in the introduction, core activities, and closing activities. Tri-N is shown in the activities of niteni-observing, niteni-asking, niteni-associating, nirokke-associating, and enhancing communicating. PPK that is contained in the lesson plan lesson text description includes religious, disciplined, confident, cooperative, and independent.
Keywords: Description text, Tri-N, PPK


This paper introduces an attitude and orbit determination system, in particular a sun vector determination algorithm, for HORYU-IV nano-satellite by Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech). Usually, nano-satellites cannot use sensors with high specs because of limited budget and onboard space. In order to achieve the required accuracy of attitude determination, estimation algorithms combining different sources of attitude information should be used. One of the HORYU-IV missions has required sun vector information. In order to detect the sun angle, six sun sensors, which have originally been designed and developed by the authors, and five solar panels have been used. However, due to the narrow field of view and to the saturation property of these sensors, the duration of sun detection is quite limited. At a non-detection period, a gyro sensor is used in order to propagate the attitude. However, the sensor has the bias error in its measured value. Hence, the Extended Kalman Filter has been used in order to estimate the sun vector and the bias error of gyro sensors. A simulation result shows that the algorithm can estimate the sun vector in 1deg accuracy.


An investigation was made of GaAs waveguide resonators up to 0.4 mm thick. These resonators were used in order to increase the working areas of the mirrors through which the laser radiation was extracted. The lasers were excited by bombardment with an electron beam of 75 keV energy and up to 20 A/cm2 current density. The efficiency of lasers with such resonators rose to 6% and the service life of the lasers increased considerably.


Two rare‐earth pnictide‐based infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, LaSiP3 and LaSi2P6, are successfully synthesized by metal salt flux method, which are the first two cases for rare‐earth pnictides as IR NLO crystals. LaSiP3 (Pna21) features 2D structure consisting of alternately stacked SiP4 tetrahedra layers and isolated PP chains. LaSi2P6 (Cmc21) has a 3D structure composed of two types of SiP4 tetrahedra layers and diversiform phosphorous polyanions. Particularly, LaSi2P6 exhibits the largest second‐order NLO coefficient (d33 = 98.5 pm V−1) among the known IR NLO phosphides. Besides, LaSiP3 and LaSi2P6 both can achieve phase matching, cover wide IR transparent regions, and own large birefringence (0.24 and 0.25 @2050 nm for LaSiP3 and LaSi2P6, respectively). The studies on LaSiP3 and LaSi2P indicate that they are potentially applied in the middle‐ and far‐IR regions. In addition, more importantly, the theoretical calculations uncover the second‐harmonic‐generation enhancement mechanisms for PP bonds in different forms, which highlight that either PP chains or phosphorous polyanions will be excellent NLO‐active units for constructing high‐performance IR NLO crystals.


With the reform of the telecommunications industry and the increasingly fierce competition in the telecommunications industry, telecommunications marketing has become one of the most important tasks in the operation of telecommunications companies. Whoever has a large market share and has a large number of customers can gain a broader development space, and get bigger profits. In this context, this paper takes Jiangxi Telecom as the target, and the development of the campus market mobile business is the goal. Under the current fierce competition between the three communication operators for the campus market mobile business, Jiangxi Telecom needs to break the existing overall marketing system and strategy to ensure the smooth development of campus marketing in Jiangxi Telecom.


The first multi-year contributions from organic functional groups to the Arctic submicron aerosol are documented using 126 weekly-integrated samples collected from April, 2012 to October, 2014 at the Alert Observatory (82.45N, 62.51W). Results from the particle transport model FLEXPART, linear regressions among 10 the organic and inorganic components and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) enable associations of organic aerosol components with source types and regions. Lower organic mass concentrations (OM) but higher ratios of OM to non-sea-salt sulphate mass concentrations (nss-SO4 ) accompany smaller particles during the summer (JJA). Conversely, higher OM but lower OM/nss-SO4 = accompany larger particles during winter-spring. OM ranges from 7-463 ng m, and the study average is 129 ng m. The monthly maximum in OM occurs during May, one month 15 after the peak in nss-SO4 = and two months after that of elemental carbon (EC). Winter (DJF), spring (MAM), summer and fall (SON) values of OM/nss-SO4 = are 26%, 28%, 107% and 39%, respectively, and overall about 40% of the weekly variability in the OM is associated with nss-SO4 . Respective study-averaged concentrations of alkane, alcohol, acid, amine and carbonyl groups are 57 ng m, 24 ng m, 23 ng m, 16 ng m and 11 ng m, representing 42%, 22%, 18%, 14% and 5% of the OM, respectively. Carbonyl groups, detected mostly during 20 spring, may have a connection with snow chemistry. The seasonally highest O/C occurs during winter (0.85) and the lowest O/C is during spring (0.51); increases in O/C are largely due to increases in alcohol groups. During winter, more than 50% of the alcohol groups are associated with primary marine emissions, consistent with Shaw et al. (2010) and Frossard et al. (2011). A secondary marine connection, rather than a primary source, is suggested for the highest and most persistence O/C observed during the coolest and cleanest summer (2013), when alcohol and 25 acid groups made up 63% of the OM. A secondary marine source may be a general feature of the summer OM, but higher contributions from alkane groups to OM during the warmer summers of 2012 (53%) and 2014 (50%) were likely due to increased contributions from combustion sources. Evidence for significant contributions from biomass burning (BB) was present in 4% of the weeks. During the dark months (NDJF), 29%, 28% and 14% of the nssSO4 , EC and OM were associated with transport times over the gas flaring region of Northern Russia and other 30 parts of Eurasia. During spring, those percentages drop to 11% and 8% for nss-SO4 = and EC, respectively, and there is no association of OM. Large percentages of the Arctic Haze characterized at Alert likely have origins farther than 10 days transport time and may be from outside of the Eurasian region. Possible sources of unusually high nss-SO4 = Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-511 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 4 August 2017 c © Author(s) 2017. CC BY 3.0 License.


The extensive deployment of 802.11 WLAN has positioned itself as the de-facto wireless access network for the 'last mile' connections. The potential for WLAN to deliver multimedia contents such as VoIP, video conferencing, streaming and data services will become a reality with the advent of 802.11n standard, promising data rate of up to 600Mbps. Although these QoS demanding multimedia applications can be supported by the 802.11e standard, it offers limited QoS guarantee. Further, its possible adoption by the industry remains unclear due to high cost of hardware replacements. In this paper, we give a solution to provision QoS support for multimedia traffic in commercially deployed 802.11a/b/g WLAN operating with fundamental distributed coordination function (DCF) access mechanism in a unifying QoS-inspired load optimization framework. We further postulate the notion of QoS balance as load criterion in heterogeneous WLANs where data rates and channel conditions are radically different. In practice, link adaptation employed to combat diverse channel conditions could lead to multirate operation and consequently the long-term throughput of stations are penalized by the lowest data rate peer. We argue that such rate anomaly can be mitigated by maintaining a QoS-balanced system. Simulations show that our solution provides service QoS guarantee for both real-time and non real-time traffic as well as achieves both throughput and QoS fairness under dynamic network conditions in a self-adjusting manner.


Embodiments disclose a cell capturing filter, in which cells or particles having a predetermined size or greater in a sample may be easily captured, and clogging of a flow passage due to the captured cells or particles may be prevented, and stresses acting on the captured cells or particles may be reduced. The filter has a first substrate having a first surface and a second substrate having a second surface that is bonded to the first surface, wherein the first substrate may include a flow passage formed in the first surface of the first substrate so that a sample flows in the flow passage, and a barrier that protrudes across the flow passage, and the second substrate may include a fine groove formed in an area on the second surface corresponding to the barrier, and a gap may exist between a surface of the barrier and the fine groove.


Research has indicated that self-study is a constructivist learning approach that promotes student engagement within tertiary education. However, teaching at higher education institutions is largely based on traditional lecture mode and thus, students are likely become passive in their learning process. Moreover, little research has been conducted to look into this constructivist approach perceived by students in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. These paper therefore examines the difficulties of self-study in reading comprehension classes in high quality program at a university in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Data collected in this study included questionnaire and interview. The participants in this study were 75 juniors in English languages and culture studies. The findings from this study indicate that student-related factors such as time, learning environment, and subject-specific vocabulary could hinder them from reading learning. Pedagogical implications and recommendations for students and teachers are provided.


Hydrocarbon trapping is a technique of great relevance, since a substantial part of hydrocarbon emissions from engines are released from engines before the catalyst has reached the temperature for efficient conversion of the hydrocarbons. In this work, the influence of doping zeolite beta (BEA) with Fe, Pd, and La on the storage and release of propene and toluene is studied. Five monolith samples were prepared; Fe/BEA, La/BEA, Pd/BEA, Pd/Fe/BEA, and Pd/La/BEA using incipient wetness impregnation, and the corresponding powder samples were used for catalyst characterization by Inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS), Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning transmission electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (STEM-EDX). The hydrocarbon trapping ability of the samples was quantified using Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of propene and toluene, and in situ Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The results from the TPD experiments show that the addition of Pd and La to the zeolite affected the release patterns of the stored hydrocarbons on the trapping material in a positive way. The in situ DRIFTS results indicate that these elements provide H-BEA with additional sites for the storage of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, EDX-mapping showed that the La and Pd are located in close connection.


The types,structures,properties of vertical bucket elevators are presented and the calculation of the transporting capacity and driving power are given,also the determination of a bucket elevator is exemplified.


A liquid sampling–atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) optical emission spectroscopy source is described. This device utilizes an electrolytic solution containing the analyte specimen as one of the discharge electrodes. The passage of an electrical current (either electrons or positive ions) across the solution/gas phase interface causes local heating and the volatilization of the analyte species. Collisions in the negative glow region of the plasma result in optical emission, which is characteristic of the analyte elements. Operation of this device with the analyte solution acting as either the cathode or anode is demonstrated. Typical discharge conditions include currents of 80 mA, potentials of up to 1000 V, with the i-V characteristics exhibiting 'abnormal' glow discharge behavior. The analyte-containing electrolyte solution is not limited to hydronium ions, as other salts (e.g.,
Li+ and Na+) also provide sufficient conductivity to sustain the discharge. Spatial maps of analyte emission and spectral background provide insights into the basic operation mechanism of the discharge. The use of a coaxial gas flow around the stainless-steel capillary outlet permits stable plasma operation at low liquid flow rates (0.1–0.3 mL min−1) where pulsation present in the liquid delivery system makes the discharge itself quite unstable. Analytical response curves for Hg, Mg, Na and Pb are demonstrated to have good linearity, with preliminary limits of detection determined to be in the range of 1.1–2.0 ppm (≈10 ng) for 5 µL sample volumes.


In a recent trial, the routine perioperative use of pulmonary-artery (PA) catheters did not benefit high-risk surgical patients (Journal Watch Jan 17


A FriedeleCrafts alkylation reaction of thiophenes with glyoxylate imine was developed to give a-aminoesters. In the presence of FeCl3$6H2O as the catalyst, various a-aminoesters were prepared with moderate to high yields (up to 95%) except for some special substrates. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The accessibility of the harbours of Ostend and Zeebrugge requires frequent dredging and important infrastructure works. The Scheldt Estuary needs continuous maintenance dredging, which entails the problem of where to dispose the dredged material, in particular mud, which may be contaminated. Clever solutions can turn a problem into an opportunity, avoiding morphological deterioration of the estuary and fostering biodiversity by re-creating mud flats or extending existing ones.


As the COVID-19 pandemic proceeds, systems continue to struggle with the need to decrease provider exposure and minimize personal protective equipment use while maintaining high quality patient care. The reduced visitation capacity in hospitals has resulted in high levels of patient and family suffering, and patients both with and without COVID-19 require expert symptom management and goals of care conversations. A manuscript was published describing the rapid implementation of telepalliative medicine consultation by the Inpatient Palliative Care team at UCSF in attempts to meet these critical patient and family needs. This piece details additional lessons learned that were inadequately addressed in the original manuscript and/or that have been revealed in the months since the program's inception. Key learning points include the need for: committed investment in effective hardware and software; communication skills adapted to effectively utilize technology to benefit patients and families; creative workforce models to render technology effective; interdisciplinary input in care models to reduce provider as well as patient and family suffering; and attention to burdens placed on already overstretched nurses and intensivists during respiratory pandemics.


This work presents the main characteristics of the acoustic simulator BRASS, recently developed at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The simulator allows to calculate mono and binaural impulse responses, from which the main quality acoustic parameters can be obtained, as well as auralization (acoustic render). The simulator uses the ray-tracing method to calculate the energy at the receiver and a clustering algorithm to improve the time of arrival, energy and direction of the first reflections. The clustering algorithm is described and its influence over the first reflections energy distribution. It is also described the filter strategies used to implement 9 octave bands from 62 Hz to 16 kHz are presented. The results of simulations are compared to measurements conducted in a reverberant chamber in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the methods and of the developed software, related to low parameter errors and time required to do the processing.


Here, we state a simple Assertion (A) , we introduce an original method of induction, and we use it to give a simple and detailed proof that (A) is stronger than the twin primes conjecture, the Mersenne primes conjecture and the Sophie Germain primes conjecture; this helps us to explain why it is not surprising to conjecture that the Mersenne primes conjecture and the Sophie Germain primes conjecture are all special cases of the twin primes conjecture .


This paper aims to give a contribute to the experimental evaluation of tampered image detection algorithms (i.e. Image Integrity algorithms), by describing a possible way to improve these experimentations with respect to the traditional approaches followed in this area. In particular, the paper focuses on the problem of choosing a proper test dataset allowing to keep low the bias on the experimental performance of these kind of algorithms. The paper first describes a JPEG image integrity algorithm, the Lin et al. algorithm, that has been used as benchmark during our experiments. Then, the experimental performance of this algorithm are presented and discussed. These performance have been measured by running it on the CASIA TIDE public dataset, which represents the de facto standard for the experimental evaluation of image integrity algorithms. The considered algorithm apparently performs very well on this dataset. However, a closer analysis reveals the existence of some statistical artifacts in the dataset that improve the performance of the algorithm. In order to confirm this observation, we assembled an alternative dataset. This new dataset has been conceived to not exhibit the statistical artifacts existing in the images of the CASIA TIDE dataset, while producing an uniform distribution of some physical image features such as the quality factor. Then, we repeated the same experiments conducted on the CASIA TIDE dataset, using this new dataset. As expected, we observed a performance degradation of the Lin et al. algorithm, thus confirming our hypotheses about the CASIA TIDE dataset being, in some way, flawed.


Disease maps have been playing a key descriptive role in epidemiology. Hence, they are useful tools for identification of areas of the true underlying geographical distribution of the disease incidences. The development of information system technology over the last 30 years has provided a powerful ability to examine spatial patterns, so geographical information systems (GIS) are begun to use in public health and epidemiologic researches. Today many health agencies and researchers have been using GIS technology to manage and analyze their health data. Because of the geographical, economical, environmental and cultural differences among the provinces of Turkey, it is thought that typhoid fever disease can show different distributions and clusters. Therefore, a GIS based spatial analysis was carried out to explore regional clustering of typhoid fever in Turkey. Distribution of typhoid fever and infection cluster areas among provinces of Turkey were determined to implement precautionary measures and provisions effectively by health agencies in Turkey. Study showed that spatial analyses and statistic significantly contribute to the understanding the epidemiology of diseases. With the aid of these analyses it will be effective to monitor and identify high rate disease locations or regions and to implement precautionary measures and provisions. * Corresponding author


The invention discloses a water-hammer drain tank inlet stand pipe, which is designed for weakening washing force of drained fluid to the tank body of a drain tank and protecting the tank body from being damaged. A diffusion stand pipe and a fluid climbing stand pipe are fixedly arranged at the tank bottom of the drain tank. Bends at the tops of the two stand pipes are connected through a flange. Diffusion holes with diameter which is 0.2 times the diameter of the diffusion stand pipe are uniformly formed in the wall of the diffusion stand pipe. The fluid climbing stand pipe is fixedly arranged on the tank wall of the drain tank through a pipe clamp, a pin, a fixing plate and a reinforcing plate. During working, the drained fluid enters the liquid climbing stand pipe through a horizontal liquid inlet pipe and then vertically rises up and partial pressure head is weakened in the process. After the drained fluid reaches the top end of the liquid climbing stand pipe, the drained fluid vertically falls down along the diffusion stand pipe and is drained from the diffusion holes section by section, so that the impact force of the fluid can be effectively scattered and the impact of water-hammer liquid to the tank body is weakened. The water-hammer drain tank inlet stand pipe has the advantages that the fluid can be controlled by changing the flowing direction of the drained fluid, the washing force of the water-hammer fluid is weakened and the tank body is prevented from being damaged; the connecting structure is simple and the stand pipe is easy to replace and convenient to maintain.


This document describes the need for SIP URI-list services and
provides requirements for their invocation. Additionaly, it defines a
framework for SIP URI-List services, which includes security
considerations applicable to these services.


lacerated on his left arm with the scalpel blade. The laceration was 2 cm in length, penetrated through the subcutaneous tissue, striatum Following an Accidental Scalpel Injury and extended to 2 cm below the left elbow. The wound was cleansed with iodinated antiseptic, flushed with saline, and then Although not as well known as other non-diphtheriae coryne-sutured closed. Antimicrobial therapy was not given. bacteria, Corynebacterium striatum has recently been the subject Three days later, N.C. noted left elbow pain, swelling, and ery-of three reviews [1–3] and several case reports. It has been de-thema, followed by chills and fever. Examination of the elbow scribed as the cause of four cases of bacteremia; three cases each revealed fluctuance, suggestive of septic arthritis, which was con-of endocarditis, pneumonia and empyema, and CSF-shunt infec-firmed by an MRI scan (figure 1). Incision and drainage of the tion; two cases of peritonitis; and one case each of an exacerbation elbow yielded Ç25 mL of a yellowish, purulent material; gram of chronic obstructive airway disease, keratitis, conjunctivitis, fin-staining of the material demonstrated only rare WBCs. Cultures ger granuloma, meningitis, and endometritis. To our knowledge, of the purulent material on blood, chocolate, and Columbia BA we have recently observed the first case of septic synovitis due to agar and in thioglycolate broth yielded small, slightly creamy, nonhemolytic and catalase-positive colonies. Gram staining re-C. striatum. Figure 1. MRI scan of the left elbow of a gastroenterologist with septic synovitis and arthritis due to Corynebacterium striatum following an accidental scalpel injury. A. Axial T 2-weighted image of the left elbow demonstrating a large joint effusion (asterisks). B. Axial T 1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced images with fat suppression demonstrating significant enhancing synovitis (arrow). H Å humerus; U Å ulna. One of the authors (N. C.), a 51-year-old healthy, male, gastro-vealed only pleomorphic, gram-positive rods resembling diphthe-roids. The rapid API-Coryne (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) enterologist, performed a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on a cachectic, 80-year-old man with chronic laryngeal dysfunction. strip was glucose-and sucrose-positive, maltose-negative, and diagnostic of C. striatum. The organism was susceptible to b-lac-During the procedure, after passing the scalpel (which was used only to incise the skin) to an assistant, N.C. was accidentally tams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and vancomy-cin and resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin. Susceptibility testing was done by using the Kirby-Bauer method with a standardized inoculum on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with sheep'sratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines for susceptibility testing of cho …


During the production of grain oriented electrical steel, various coatings and layers are formed on the surface of the material. Careful measurement and control of these coatings and layers is essential for the production of a high quality electrical steel product with low power loss and high insulation resistance. This paper describes a novel dewpoint temperature measurement sensor which has been produced to control the quality of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the steel during the decarburisation process. An optical backscatter instrument has been produced which measures the coating weight of the magnesium oxide powder applied to the surface of the steel strip after decarburisation. The coating weight of the forsterite glass film formed on the strip during a subsequent high temperature coil anneal has been predicted by measuring the amount of near infrared light absorbed by the coating. A moisture gauge measuring the water content of the wet final phosphate coating has been used for accurate prediction of its dry coating weight.


An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner during Rabi 2008–09. The experiment comprised of four cultivars of chickpea (GNG 663, GNG 469, RSG 44 and Local) and four bioregulators spray (Control, DMSO, Cycocel and H2SO4). The results related that cultivar GNG 469 significantly increased the yield compared to other cultivars. Membrane stability index (%) was significantly higher in GNG 469 compared to RSG 44 and Local, being at par with GNG 663. Nutrient content, uptake and protein content significantly higher in GNG 469 over all cultivars. Foliar spray of bioregulators significantly increased pods/plant, seed & straw yield, membrane stability index, nutrient uptake over control.


The National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) is an example of a nationally coordinated quality assurance programme in which all the professional groups involved participate.


The effect of dantrolene sodium, a muscle relaxant effective on vertebrate skeletal muscle, has been studied on the stretcher muscle of a crab (Callinectes sapidus). The drug rapidly and reversibly...


Since the 1980s, in Italy, and Tuscany in particular, considerable experience has been developed in research on the mining landscape in relation to the geography of population, with particular attention to the Medieval period. Numerous research projects carried out in the Colline Metallifere areas of Livourne and Grosseto by the Archaeology Department of the University of Sienna (Prof. Riccardo Francovich) have revealed the huge potential offered by this territory for the study of the population, extraction and production dynamics of the pre-industrial period as well as the necessity for rigorous surveillance of the remains of these activities which have been progressively eroded by recent and massive extraction activities and by the current development of housing and infrastructure. In the Livourne Colline Metallifere area, we have already advanced from the research phase to the creation of a fully operational Archaeo-mining Park which has made it possible to protect an extensive territory containing a wealth of pre-industrial and industrial archaeological evidence, including the mining village of Rocca San Silvestro. In the Grosseto province, the Colline Metallifere grossetane Technological and Archaeological Park was recently created. The aim of this institution is to preserve and enhance historical and archaeological heritage of prime importance which twenty years of research have contributed to uncover across a vast territory.


Elderly adult health and issues affecting them in Africa have not been adequately addressed by research. This study explored the relationship between socioeconomic status and elderly adult mortality in the Kassena-Nnakana District (KND) of northern Ghana using data from the Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in 2005-2006. 15,030 adults aged 60 years and over were included in the study, of whom 1315 died. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we found that socioeconomic status (SES) was not a determinant of elderly mortality. Compared to the lowest SES quintile, the adjusted hazards ratios were: 0.94 (95%CI: 0.79–1.12) for second quintile, 0.91 (95%CI: 0.76– 1.08) for third quintile, 0.89 (95%CI: 0.75–1.07) for fourth quintile and 1.02 (95%CI: 0.86–1.21) for the highest income quintile. However, living without a spouse [HR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.74–2.25], being male [HR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.59– 2.04] and age [HR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.04–1.05] were significant factors for elderly adult mortality. This shows that companionship and social/family ties are of more importance than household socioeconomic status in determining elderly adult mortality. Efforts should therefore be made to introduce programs and policies to support the elderly, especially those living alone.


Aging is associated with various physiological, pathological and psychosocial alterations. This study evaluates the benefits of Curcumin by assessing reproductive aging indices and ovarian health in Wistar rats. Laboratory bred adult rats selected for the experiment. After 12 months of follow-up, the animals were grouped into Normal control rats, Sham control group, Curcumin-1(100 mg/kg body weight), Curcumin-2(200 mg/kg body weight) and Curcumin-3 (400 mg/kg body weight). For the duration of six months Curcumin dosage was administered. The experimental parameters included estrous cycle and histological evaluation of ovarian follicles. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The percentage of primordial follicles was significantly more (p<0.001) in all the groups when compared with other types of follicles. Prolonged increase (p=0.0001) in the Diestrus phase in animals treated with different dosages of Curcumin. The current study concludes that Curcumin, an active component of Curcuma longa contributes to the anti-aging properties.


The aim of fish breeding is to increase profit by producing faster growing fish with lower feed intake. However, little is known about the economic and environmental impacts of selective breeding programs for fish. We modelled a fish farm producing African catfish in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) to calculate economic values of growth rate and feed efficiency with production limited by fish density in rearing tanks and fish nitrogen emission. We also calculated "environmental values" with Life Cycle Assessment. The economic and environmental values of growth rate and feed efficiency depended on the limiting factor. When nitrogen was the limiting factor, economic and environmental values of growth rate were zero. But, on the other hand, feed efficiency always had positive economic and environmental values. Therefore, fish breeders may need to adapt their breeding objectives according to the limiting factor.


Dinitrogen (N2) fixation by specialized prokaryotes (diazotrophs) represents an important source of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ocean. In coral reefs, several substrates and organisms are associated with diazotrophs, but potential N2 fixation activity by zooxanthellate soft corals has not yet been investigated. Such soft corals may contribute importantly to the input of new N into the reef ecosystem, as they can cover substantial benthic areas in today's coral reefs. Therefore, this study investigated N2 fixation of 2 dominant zooxanthellate soft coral groups (Sarco phyton sp. and Xeniidae) in a northern Red Sea fringing reef during all 4 seasons of 1 yr. This was supplemented by respirometry incubations and in situ monitoring of key environmental parameters. Findings revealed detectable N2 fixation for both soft corals during all seasons. Annual N2 fixation by Sarcophyton sp. was 3 times higher than that by Xeniidae, but both soft corals exhibited similar seasonal patterns. N2 fixation significantly increased during summer, when water temperature and light intensity were highest and inorganic nutrient availability was lowest. Coral respiration also peaked during summer and was positively correlated to N2 fixation, while photosynthesis revealed maximum rates during the nutrient-enriched spring season. Given the importance of N for reproduction and growth, N2 fixation may be a key component of soft coral nutrition during summer, when inorganic nutrient availability in the water column is lowest and likely not sufficient to sustain the high metabolic demand of soft corals.


SAEAES is a lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm and is a candidate of the NIST's competition for choosing a new standard. Memory footprint is a key performance metric of lightweight cryptography in software implementation on resource-constrained embedded devices. We present the first low-memory implementation of SAEAES on the ARM Cortex-M microcontroller. Our ROM- and RAM-oriented SAES implementations achieved (ROM: 586, RAM: 129 bytes) and (ROM: 608, RAM: 112 bytes). We compare these performances with the conventional implementations including the one optimized for the RL78 microcontroller.


A woman lies dying from ovarian cancer while the last Pacific yew, whose bark is discovered to hold new hope for a cure, is destroyed along with the rest of the Northwest's old-growth.' A boy diagnosed with leukemia will not be able to see his next birthday because, due to the rosey periwinkle's extinction, the treatment that is extracted from the flower can no longer be obtained as a result of the flower's extinction.2 Americans are


Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the black-fin stream jewel goby Stiphodon percnopterygionus has been amplified and sequenced. The whole mitochondrial genome is 16,502 base pairs (bp) in total length and consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). The overall base composition is 28.1% for A, 17.1% for G, 28.7% for C and 26.0% for T with AT comprising 54.1%. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) sequence data for 34 related taxa of the order Gobiiformes showed that S. percnopterygionus is closely related to S. tuivi. These findings will contribute for phylogenetic, phylogeography and further genetic studies in genus Stiphodon and related gobiid fishes.


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Puyang city,so as provide measures for its prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the three-dimensional distribution of cases,sources and routes of infection. Results A total of 128 cases were reported from 2006to2014,with the annual incidence rate from 0.08/105 to 1.48/105,which was rising year by year.Human brucellosis could occur year-round;The incidence mainly concentrated from March to August,and the total reported cases were 85,accounting for 66.41%;The peaks were from April to May,with 37 cases reported,accounting for 28.91%.Human brucellosis cases were reported in all counties;The highest percentage was Taiqian county(50.00%,64/128),followed by Puyang county(16.41%,21/128).103 cases were males,25 cases were females,and the male-female ratio was 4.12;The 31-60 years oldgroup accounted for 74.22%(95/128);The occupations were mainly farmers,accounting for 90.63%(116/128).Among 76 cases in 2013 and 2014investigated,the main symptoms were fever,weakness,hyperhidrosis,bone and arthrosis pain and muscles pain;all of them had contact history with livestock(mainly sheep)and/or animal products;38cases were infected by farming the grazing livestock and delivering cubs,accounting for 50.00%,mainly distributed in Puyang county,Nanle county,and Fan county;31cases of patients were infected for buying and trafficking livestock,fur and feather,slaughering livestock and peeling lambskin,accounting for 40.79%,mainly distributed in Taiqian county;7cases of patients were infected for playing in the sheepfold and eating mutton hotpot,accounting for 9.21%,mainly distributed in Puyang county. Conclusion The infection of human brucellosis in Puyang city shows an increasing trend,widening scope and diversification of infection routes.


Synopsis Observations were made on the laying behaviour of hens from each of two commercial strains kept in a Thornber battery cage system. Attention was paid to the following behavioural components of oviposition: the position of the hen in the cage; the stance of the hen; the height through which the egg fell; the orientation of the egg; the time taken to oviposit; the time taken for the egg to roll out of the cage and the incidence of pecking at the egg. Less detailed observations were made on the pre‐laying behaviour of the hens.


AIM:To observe the expression of β-catenin in colonic adenocarcinoma and to investigate its clinical significance and prognostic value. METHODS:The integrated clinical and follow -up data of 52 patients,who were undergone radical operation,were retrospectively analyzed from June 2000 to June 2004 in our hospital. The paraffin -embedded tissues of 52 colonic adenocarcinoma specimens and 20 cases of normal paraneoplastic colonic mucous tissues were detected for β-catenin expression by immunohistochemical method. The relationships between β-catenin and clinical variables and prognostic value were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:β-catenin was normally expressed in all 20 normal cases. In the cases of colonic adenocarcinoma,the abnormal expression rate of β-catenin was 71%. The abnormal expression of β-catenin did not correlated with gender,age,histological differentiation and blood CEA (P 0. 05),but it was correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P 0. 05). The abnormal expression of β-catenin were also correlated with the postoperative survive time (P 0. 05). CONCLUSION:The abnormal expression of β-catenin is correlated with the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage,and the abnormal expression is an important adverse prognostic factor for survival in the patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. β-catenin may be a molecular prognostic marker in the patients with colonic adenocarcinoma.


The invention long as the fiber having the orientation relates to a method of producing, and parallel to put the same or bonded to different fiber spreads over the fiber bundle having a fineness (overspread), overlap (overlapping) scheme, as a result of mechanical It enhances, to a method, for the one or more slivers more fixed and / or adding (sliver) mechanical or base load obtained as a unidirectional layer having a prescribed width without physical fixing method.


The recent trend toward non-standard and free form architecture has generated a lot of debate among the Scientific Community. The reasons can be found in the renewed interest in organic shapes, in addition to recent and powerful capabilities of parametric platforms. In this regard, the Visual Programming Language (VPL) interface gives a high level of freedom and control for conceiving complex shapes. The geometric problems in identifying a suitable shape have been addressed by relying on the study of Origami. The control of variable geometry has required the use of algorithmic models that ensure fast changes and free control of the model, besides a physical one made of rigid cardboard to simulate its rigid-foldability. The aim is to present a prototype of an adaptive structure, with an acoustic application, to control sound quality and perception in spaces where this has a central role, such as theatres or concert halls.


The genus Pantoea has historically been associated with two diseases of corn, Stewart's wilt caused by P. stewartii, and necrotic or white leaf spots or streaks and stalk rot caused by P. ananatis. In 2020 and 2021, a sudden and unusual decline of corn stands was observed in corn fields in two counties in the Texas High Plains region. Symptoms observed included an initial light green, elongate, slightly translucent, and non-chlorotic streaked lesions with non-wavy margins that developed on leaf blades during corn vegetative growth stages, with lesions becoming necrotic at the onset of crop reproduction. Additionally, stunting of affected plants, poor ear development, and stalk rot were associated with affected stands. Diagnosis of symptomatic tissues consistently recovered bacteria. BLAST searches of the partial 16S rRNA sequences of the bacterial isolates identified them as belonging to the genus Pantoea. Investigations of the pathogenicity of two bacterial isolates, B566 and B623, under greenhouse conditions relying on Koch's postulates resulted in the development of symptoms identical to those observed on symptomatic field corn plants. The two bacteria were also successfully recovered from symptomatic leaf and stem tissues, thus satisfying Koch's postulates. Sequence analysis showed these isolates are closely related to P. ananatis, but also phylogenetically distinct. Findings from this study provide evidence for a new disease of corn caused by two Pantoea species that can result in stand decline of infected corn plants.


The Internet is one of the most successful means of providing a rich learning environment, and children are among the most affected by that interactive atmosphere. The research adopted a descriptive approach using an evaluation card in a checklist form to evaluate general, educational content, and technical elements of Arabic- language children's websites. The evaluation card included (17) domains and (127) items examining (20) Arabic websites for children representing the research sample. In terms of general elements, the research findings confirmed that accessibility and ease of use received the highest rating (93.33%), while continuous timeliness was the lowest (21.25%). In the elements of educational content, the written text was the highest (91.11%), while the interactivity was only (30.77%), and finally the technical elements, the written text at the highest ratings (93%), compared to video, animation and sound at the lowest rating (60.83%). Regarding the availability of key domains in the websites, technical elements received the highest percentage (71%), followed by general elements (62.58%), and the educational content elements were last (53.93%). The research main recommendations involved designing Arabic websites for children with their interests and developmental needs as well as benefiting from websites in the international settings, by avoiding the shortcomings and weaknesses revealed in the research results.


examination there were multiple skin coloured papules of uniform size with hard hyperkeratotic plugs in the center of many of the lesions. The comedones were predominantly present on the helices and were absent inside the ear (Fig. I), No lesions were seen on the face or the trunk. There was no seborrhoea. Systemic examination did not reveal any abnormality. Routine laboratory parameters were within normal limits. Histopathological examination of the lesions showed a highly distended hair follicle containing keratinous material. The patient developed several inflammatory lesions on treatment with topical retinoic acid (0.025%) and these responded satisfactorily to a course of oral erythromyein. There is clinical evidence indicating that oils applied on the scalp may be itnportant in the pathogenesis of infantile acne. Berlin [3] described 26 cases of childhood aene occurring as a result of weekly application of paraffin oil on the scalp. The acne lesions were always seen on the face and in a few cases on the ears as well. In our patient, there was no history of any drug intake by the mother during pregnancy. Clinically, there was no sign of excessive androgenic activity. There was history of daily application of mustard oil on the scalp, face and body since the first day of birth. This practice of daily oil massage in infants is extremely common in the Indian subcontinent. What, however, was surprising in our patient was the absolute sparing of the face in our patient.


: Background: Breast engorgement is a common concern among breast-feeding mothers, and it can lead to serious complications such as clogged milk ducts or mastitis, as well as a reduction in the lactating mother's quality of life. It affects between 72 and 85 percent of women. Objective : This study was conducted to compare the effect of ultrasound versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postnatal breast engorgement. Methods: Forty postnatal women diagnosed with breast engorgement; they were randomized into 2 equal groups. Group (A) received ultrasound with conventional therapy in the form of moist heat and massage. Group (B) received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with conventional therapy as group(A). The treatments lasted a week, with one session per day. The outcome measures were subjective, including a VAS scale for measuring pain and a 6-point self-rated breast engorgement scale for determining the severity of breast engorgement. Results: Comparison between groups (A&B) in VAS showed statistically no significant difference (t value = 0.67) and (p value = 0.5) post treatment. Also, Comparison between groups (A&B) in 6-point self- rated breast engorgement scale showed statistically no significant difference (t value = 0.95) and (p value = 0.34) post treatment. Conclusion: It could be concluded that both TENS and ultrasound are useful for painful breast engorgement. In addition, results supported that there is no significant difference between ultrasound and TENS along with conventional treatment in postnatal painful breast engorgement.


In this paper, emulsification study on bio-oil middle fraction and diesel was carried out. Mechanical and ultrasound emulsification technologies were used to prepare emulsion fuels between bio-oil middle fraction and diesel with different hydrophile and lipophile balance (HLB) values. It was found that the stability curve of emulsions had two peaks corresponding to the HLB values of 4.3 and 6, respectively. Comparable to the mechanical emulsions, the ultrasound emulsions had longer stable time. The stable time for ultrasound emulsions at the HLB values of 4.3 and 6 were 215 minutes and 143 minutes, respectively. Then the effects of surface tension and droplet size distribution on the stability of emulsions were investigated. It was found that the emulsion fuels with lower surface tension and smaller droplet size had longer stable time.