The spatially-incoherent radiators in visible light
communication (VLC) constrain the optical carrier to be only
driven by a real electrical sub-carrier, which cannot be quadrature
modulated as in classic RF-based systems. This restriction,
in turn, severely limits the transmission throughput of VLC
systems. To overcome this technical challenge, we propose a
novel coherent transmission scheme for VLC, in which the
optical carrier is only treated as a purely amplitude-modulated
carrier capable of transmitting two-dimensional (2D) symbols
(e.g. quadrature modulated symbols). The ability of our new
coherent transmission scheme to transmit 2D symbols is validated
through analytical symbol error rate derivation and Matlab
simulations. Results show that our scheme can improve both
the spectral and energy efficiency of VLC systems, i.e. by either
doubling the spectral efficiency or achieving more than 45%
energy efficiency improvement, when compared to its existing
counterparts.


The transportation sector is a major source of carbon emissions, and it is of great significance to study the estimation method of carbon emissions from urban commuting traffic for energy conservation and emission reduction. In view of the difficulty of collecting detailed trip trajectory data, this paper first reconstructs the trip paths via an improved modal choice model and a modified path planning model based on the O-D trip matrix, taking seven single traffic modals and two combined modals into account. In order to estimate the carbon footprints with theoretical accuracy, the bottom-up method is adopted considering the trip modal, vehicle type, power source, vehicle occupancy, operation characteristics and traffic conditions. Meanwhile, faced with the converted carbon emissions from electric vehicles, factors like charging efficiency, vehicular load, regional power structure and transmission loss are further considered in the estimation function. A case study of Changzhou City has been performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed models, where the volume distribution of commuting trips is predicted upon a modified network traffic assignment by TransCAD, and the spatial distribution of carbon emission intensity has further expanded to the adjacent areas via ArcMap analysis tools. The total carbon emission and the average link emission intensity of daily commuting in the study area are about 14.7 × 105 kg/day and 870 kg/km respectively. The discussion results indicate that the CO2 emission of fuel-driven vehicles accounts for over 86%, and the equivalent carbon emission of electric vehicles accounts for about 14% under given modal choices. The correlations of carbon emissions to road levels and zone attributes get further revealed and discussed based on the estimation results.


The majority of literature on decision processes within physiotherapy relates to what can be referred to as "reasoning that results in action" - cognitive processes that determine initial treatment and its modification after reassessment. Particularly expert clinicians also use "reasoning in interaction" including ongoing, interactive processes that occur during the application of treatments. The theory behind the approach discussed in this article can be stated as: If the extent of a deficit (pain or limitation of passive movement) is related to the extent of a patient's limitations (impairments or functional limitations), then 1) a change in the deficit would be expected to be accompanied by a change in the patient's limitations and 2) the relative magnitude of a change in the deficit would be expected to correspond with the relative magnitude of change in the patient's limitations. When applied to manual therapy interventions, the theory suggests that rather than all parameters of a treatment technique being pre-determined, therapists continually adjust their treatment in real time. Adjustments are made in real-time to maximise improvement and are informed by patient response (typically changes in pain or range or stiffness of (passive) movement). Implications for other areas of practice and teaching are discussed.


FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method of application of feed additive for pigs, comprising lactic ferment based on consortium of live lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria of three complexes: the 1 st of strains of lactic acid bacteria S. salivarius-LT-1, S. Thermophilus-LT9, LT10, LT11 and strain of propionic acid bacteria Propionibacterium freidenreichii-LT8 in the ratio of 1:3; 2 nd of strains of lactic acid bacteria L. Plantarum-LT7, L. Acidophilus-LT12 and strain of propionic acid bacteria Propionibacterium freidenreichii-LT8 in the ratio of 2:1; 3 rd of the strains of propionic acid bacteria Propionibacterium freidenreichii-LT8 and lactic acid bacteria S. salivarius-LT-1, L. Plantarum-LT7, S. Thermophilus-LT9, LT10, LT11, L. Acidophilus-LT12 in a ratio of 7:2, which is then used for fermenting pasteurized milk with fat content of 1.5-2.5% and a ratio of 1:30, and the additive is daily fed together with the combined feed, in addition the minerals are periodically added to the composition of the feed additive: potassium iodide - KI and sodium selenite - Na 2 SeO 3 , adding is carried out after every day of omission, alternating with potassium iodide and sodium selenite weekly during the fattening period, starting with the four months of age of the piglets, and potassium iodide is added in an amount of 0.46 mg and sodium selenite - in an amount of 0.44 mg, i.e. 0.2 mg of pure selenium, per 1 kg of dry matter of diet. EFFECT: increase in live body weight due to increase in muscle tissue, improving the quality of meat by reducing the layer of subcutaneous fat, increase in total body resistance to diseases of pigs. 8 tbl, 2 ex


In the past, RF engineers usually used Y-factor technique to measure and obtain noise figure (NF) of device under test (DUT). In recent years, the cold-Source technique was developed for NF calculation and measurement in the spectrum analyzer. In addition, the built-in receiver module in a vector network analyzer (VNA) instrument with cold-source technique to calibrate its receiver can also support NF measurement. Therefore, this paper investigates NF measurement verification using cold-source and Y-factor technique for amplifier and down-converted mixer in the VNA instrument and the noise figure analyzer (NFA) instrument.


Electronic government and E-government. Cesar Daniel Vargas Diaz. This article emphasizes the importance and impact of TICs and especially the Internet, in electronic government or eGovernments. The different definitions and concepts of e-Government identified in literature are revised. The objectives, functions and dimensions of e-government are also defined as well as the issues that revolve around it.


As more legged robots have begun to be developed for their obvious advantages in overall maneuverability and mobility over rough terrain and difficult obstacles, their shortcomings over flat terrain have become more apparent. These robots plod along at extremely low speeds even when the ground is flat and level due to the fact that virtually all legged robots use a very stable, very slow walking gait to move, regardless of whether the ground is flat or rough. The simplest way of solving this problem is to use the same method as legged animals: simply change the gait fiom a walk to a faster more dynamic gait in order to increase the robot's speed. It would be extremely useful if legged robots were capable of moving across flat ground at high velocities while still retaining their ability to cross extremely rough or broken ground. Unfortunately, dynamic gaits are quite difficult to program by hand and only minimal research has been done on them. This thesis evaluates the use of two different types of learning algorithms (a genetic algorithm and a modified gradient-climbing reinforcement learning algorithm) as applied to the problem of developing dynamic gaits for a simulation of the Sony Aibo robot. The two algorithms are tested using a random starting population and a high-fitness starting population and the results from both tests are compared. The research focuses on three different types of dynamic gaits: the trot, the canter, and the gallop. The efficiencies of the learned gaits are compared to each other in order to try to determine the best type of high-speed gait for use on the Aibo robot. Problems with the design of the Aibo robot as related to performing dynamic gaits are also identified and solutions are proposed. Thesis Supervisor: Greg Andrews Title: Member of the Technical Staff Thesis Advisor: Brent Appleby Title: Lecturer in Aeronautics and Astronautics


If M is a compact Riemannian manifold and C(M,R) is the set of all real valued continuous functions defined on M , then we show that for a typical element f ∈ C(M,R), dimB(graph(f)) is as big as possible and for a typical f ∈ C(M,R), dimB(graph(f)) is as small as possible.


Music appreciation remains challenging for cochlear implant users. In previous studies a strong negative correlation was found with cochlear implant subjects between music appreciation and music complexity. In this paper, music features that contribute to music complexity are investigated and related to a music preprocessing scheme for cochlear implants, in which a complexity reduction is achieved in an attempt to increase music appreciation. First, a complexity rating experiment is performed with pop/rock music excerpts and a linear regression model is developed to describe this (subjective) music complexity based on different music features. Subsequently, this model is used to validate the complexity reduction in the music preprocessing scheme and to provide an indication for the preferred setting for the balance between vocals/bass/drums and the other instruments for cochlear implant subjects.


We prove that closed negatively curved locally symmetric spaces are locally characterized up to isometry by the Lyapunov spectra of the periodic orbits of their geodesic flows. This is done by constructing a new invariant measure for the geodesic flow that we refer to as the horizontal measure. We show that the Lyapunov spectrum of the horizontal measure alone suffices to locally characterize these locally symmetric spaces up to isometry. We associate to the horizontal measure a new invariant, the horizontal dimension. We tie this invariant to extensions of curvature pinching rigidity theorems for complex hyperbolic manifolds to pinching rigidity theorems for the Lyapunov spectrum. Our methods extend to give rigidity theorems for smooth flows obtained as perturbations of the geodesic flows of these locally symmetric spaces. The techniques developed in this paper are focused on the symmetric spaces of nonconstant negative curvature and extend many methods used to prove rigidity theorems for uniformly quasiconformal Anosov diffeomorphisms and flows.


Acute bronchiolitis (BA) is an important clinical entity in pediatrics, representing the leading cause of hospitalization due to acute respiratory infection of lower airway in children younger than 2 years old and one of the most important causes of infant morbidity. Despite its varied etiology, respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequently reported, reaching up to 80% of the cases of BA. Its clinical manifestations are very similar to asthma; thus differential diagnosis is compli- cated with this entity. A proper assessment of the clinical severity of the patient by means of specific scales is of great importance as well as the knowledge of the profitability of diagnostic tests to achieve an appropriate risk-benefit ratio. Currently, treatment with bronchodilators or epinephrine associated with hypertonic saline seems the most appropriate therapy, which must be removed if objective clinical improvement is not achieved. Palivizumab is a useful drug in the prophylaxis of BA in children at risk.


The first organocatalytic enantioselective Strecker synthesis of α-quaternary α-trifluoromethylated amino acids has been developed. Employing Takemoto's thiourea catalyst the nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to trifluoromethyl ketimines affords α-amino nitriles in good to excellent yields (50–99%) and very good enantioselectivities (ee=83–95%). The enantiopure amino nitriles can be obtained by recrystallization. Deprotection and hydrolysis leads to the title amino acids.


Biomethane could be upgraded from biogas to increase its heating value, avoid corrosion and eliminate toxicity. The simplest and most common technique for upgrading biogas is absorption process. In this study, two processes between water scrubbing and chemical scrubbing with diethanolamine (DEA) solution integrated with regeneration and recirculation are compared through Aspen Plus simulations. The aim of this study is to find the suitable operational condition in absorption process in order to increase the efficiency of the process in recovery methane and to decrease the energy consumption in the system. Our model was developed by including one additional absorber unit. Results show that the systems, both water scrubbing and chemical scrubbing, can achieve high purity of biomethane of >96 %v/v. In comparison between models for water scrubbing, our proposed system offers higher recovery methane of 4.68% of and 7,863.07 kW of energy of biomethane. In chemical scrubbing process, our system was able to decrease the pressure of absorber from 55.2 to 10 bar. Consequently, the recovery methane and energy of biomethane were increased while the energy consumption of system was decreased.


Nullnorms with a zero element being at any point of a bounded lattice are an important generalization of triangular norms and triangular conorms. This paper obtains an equivalent characterization for the existence of idempotent nullnorms with the zero element $a$ on any bounded lattice containing two distinct elements incomparable with $a$. Furthermore, some basic properties for the bounded lattice containing two distinct element incomparable with a are presented.


The presence of receptors for three human proteins (fibrinogen. IgG, and β2m‐microglobulin (β2m) was studied in group A streptococcal strains, M type 1, 12 and 14, and in M protein‐negative variants of these strains. Fibrinogen binding was detected in all six strains. IgG did not bind to the two type‐12 strains and uptake was low in both type‐14 strains. The type‐1, M protein‐positive strain was negative in binding experiments with radiolabelled IgG, whereas the M protein‐negative variant was strongly positive. Aggregated β2m showed a high degree of reactivity with the M protein‐positive strains but not with the corresponding M protein‐negative variants. The results indicate that the receptor for aggregated β2m is located on M protein in group A streptococci.


PICO question In veterinary patients is the friction (back and forth) method of scrubbing the skin more effective than concentric circles at reducing bacterial levels on the skin? Clinical bottom line Currently there is insufficient evidence to indicate whether the friction (back and forth) method of scrubbing the skin is more effective than the concentric circle method at reducing bacterial levels on the skin.


HIV inhibitors targeted at the virus-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) can be divided into two groups, depending on whether they are targeted at the substrate or nonsubstrate binding site. To the first group belong the 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides (i.e., DDC, DDI), 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides (i.e., AZT), 3′-fluoro-2′,3′dideoxynucleosides (i.e., FLT), 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides (i.e., D4C, D4T) and carbocyclic derivatives thereof (i.e., carbovir), 2′-fluoro-ara-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides, 1,3-dioxolane derivatives (i.e., 2′,3′-dideoxyl-3′-thiacytidine), oxetanocin analogues and carbocyclic derivatives thereof (i.e., cyclobut-G) and the 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) and 9-(3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (FPMPA) derivatives. These compounds need to be phosphorylated intracellularly to their triphosphate forms before they act as competitive inhibitors or alternate substrates (chain terminators) of HIV RT. The second group includes the tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,l-jk][1,...


A variety of optical coatings are discussed in the context of solar energy utilization. Well known coatings such as heat mirrors, selective absorbers, and reflective films are covered briefly. Emphasis is placed on the materials limitations and design choices for various lesser known optical coatings and materials. Physical and optical properties are detailed for protective antireflection films, fluorescent concentrator materials, holographic films, cold mirrors, radiative cooling surfaces, and optical switching films including electrochromic, thermochromic, photochromic, and liquid crystal types. For many of these materials research is only now being considered, and various design and durability issues must be addressed.


Objective To investigate the effect of attenuation correction on the gating data based on the true coincidences event of detector ring with the application of PET/CT.Methods Use the software GATE that can simulate the imaging of PET/CT to do the pixel phantom simulation in order to simulate the respiratory motion of the lung in the process of PET/CT scanning. Then, do the gating process and the attenuation correction with the simulation data of GATE.Results The quality of gating images with attenuation correction is better than none attenuated images.Conclusion The quality of gating images with attenuation correction can further improve the quality of images and the accuracy of diagnosis.


Due to the fact, that there is a significant modernization of university laboratory equipment, the widespread transition to computer measurement systems, the widespread introduction of Internet technologies for conducting theoretical and laboratory studies, a number of virtual laboratory works (VLW) have been developed using software resources, such as MATLAB, LabVIEW, LabVIEW Web services, VIPM Browser National Instruments, Wolfram Mathematica, Flash Adobe. The purpose of creating the lab works under consideration was to instill the skills of working with measuring instruments, independent measurements and calculations by each student, the ability to do research on the topic of lab by changing the initial conditions of the system and analyzing their influence on the behaviour of the system. It was studied, what in common and what differences have VLW and real laboratory work (RLW) in terms of didactic goals, their content, role in obtaining practical skills, acquiring research competencies. The definition of VLW and RLW, as well as the corresponding remote work, is given. The advantages, possibilities, expediency of the development and application of VLW, created on software products and simulating real physical processes, phenomena and patterns, are discussed. Prospects for further research of VLW with the involvement of actual material of real laboratory work, methods of their software implementation and modelling packages are outlined


Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating nerve disease which for an unknown reason assumes that the immune system of the body is affected, and the immune cells begin to destroy the myelin sheath of nerve cells. In Pathology, the areas of the distributed demyelination are called lesions that are pathologic characteristics of the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease. In this research, the segmentation of the lesions from one another is studied by using gray scale features and the dimensions of the lesions. The brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in three planes (T1, T2, PD)1,2,3 containing MS disease lesions have been used. Cellular Learning Automata (CLA) is applied on the MRI images with a novel trial and error approach to set penalty and reward frames for each pixel. The images were analyzed in MATLAB and the results show the MS disease lesions in white and the brain anatomy in red on a black background. The proposed approach can be considered as a supplementary or superior method for other methods such as Graph Cuts (GC), fuzzy c-means, mean-shift, k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM).


Bayesian multilevel modeling establishes a convenient framework to account for aleatory variability and epistemic uncertainty in inverse problems. In view of engineering applications we will place this framework into the context of classical and probabilistic inversion and demonstrate its additional potential to infer material properties as intermediate variables within a hierarchically defined Bayesian multilevel model. The objectiveofprobabilisticinversionis toinfer such probabilitydistributionsthatdescribe the variability of model inputs across a number of experiments. Inference therefore focuses on so-called hyperparameters that parametrize population distributions. To that end intermediate or latent variables are considered nuisance and commonly marginalized out from the problem. But instead of integrating out intermediate quantities, one can just as well fade the hyperparameters from the inferential spotlight and marginalize them out. This allows for an "optimal" inference of the intermediate quantities with respect to the available prior information, structural assumptions and the acquired data. We will devise a simple academic example within the domain of mechanical engineering that will be used to study this optimal kind of inference. The system under consideration is an ensemble of simply supported beams with uncertain material properties. Over the sample of beams, Young's moduli are subject to aleatory variability, while the knowledge about the true hyperparameter values suffers from epistemic uncertainty. We will show how individual Young's moduli can be optimally estimated in a series of three-point bending experiments. It will be shown that in hierarchically defined models one can learn more about a specific specimen than what is encoded in dedicated data directly associated with that single specimen. One can indirectly utilize information from different specimens, within the same sample, in order to improve the assessment of a specific one. In this contribution we will demonstrate the potential and challenge of this learning mechanism and we will investigate the underlying flow of information.


Transparent, colorless and contamination-free ZnO single crystals have been grown by rapid crystallization from the melt at ∼4 GPa and ∼1700 K. Recovered crystals exhibit needle-like (along the [0001] direction) morphology and have sizes up to 2 mm in length and 0.2 mm dia. Wurtzite structure (P63mc) has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and lattice parameters (a = 3.2474(5) A, c = 5.2017(7) A) are in good agreement with literature data. Photoluminescence measurements revealed an intensive violet line at 398 nm, whose intensity depends non-linearly on the laser excitation power due to collective effects in photoexcited charge carriers or/and an effect of the stimulated emission in the ZnO crystals under study.


There is provided a method of manufacturing a doped magnesium diboride powder (98). The method includes coating at least a plurality of particles of a first phase with a polymeric precursor, wherein the first phase includes a Mgnesiumdiborid powder, including the polymeric precursor chemical elements that result in a second phase. The second phase includes one or more of a boride, a nitride, a carbide, an oxide, a Oxyborids, an oxynitride, an oxycarbide or combinations thereof. The method further includes forming a second-phase coating on at least one of the plurality of particles of the magnesium diboride powder.


The Levy Criteria neurological exam findings have a role in prognosis of patients with brain injuries. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


In his recent Journal of Military Ethics article 'Conscience and Carnage in Afghanistan and Iraq', Larry Minear addresses the slippery issue of conscientious objection (CO) concerning US service members in the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Through Minear's collection of interviews and testimony of US service members' experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq, one gets a 'boots on the ground' feeling for how US military personnel actually feel about the two wars and their roles in them – a topic too often swept aside by patriotic fervour in American public discourse about the wars. The majority of his article follows a traditional jus in bello and jus ad bellum approach to CO. Minear explores how the significance of civilian carnage witnessed by soldiers creates moral difficulties. However, he concludes that carnage does not correlate directly to decisions to seek CO (Minear 2014: 139). Likewise, he claims that violations of the law of war were often noted as 'contributing to the decision of persons to seek discharge on grounds of conscience' (145). Concerning jus ad bellum, Minear rightly takes on my claim in a recent Journal of Military Ethics article (Montrose 2013) that rank and position play a role in determining what a justifiable war is. However, Minear goes slightly astray in his interpretation of my argument concerning rank and position when he states that 'the window of perceived responsibility may not have been the "very narrow" one that Montrose suggests but in reality is much wider' (147). My argument is not one of perceived responsibility, but rather of moral certainty. As a combat infantry veteran of the war in Iraq, I agree wholeheartedly with Minear's claim that the war was 'unsettling and raised moral dilemmas' for both enlisted and officer, myself included (147). The required conditions for reaching moral certainty are certainly not limited to senior generals, but it is most often the case that those in senior positions are better situated to attain moral certainty concerning jus ad bellum. Nevertheless, that is by no means a clear-cut argument against CO; instead, it is an argument that CO claims based on jus ad bellum are in large part dependent on moral certainty. Minear's final point, andwhat is inmy opinion perhaps themost troubling aspect of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, goes beyond the traditional jus in bello and jus ad bellum approaches to CO into what Minear calls the soldier–state compact or the relationship between the majority of service members and those in senior positions of the military.


Four hundred and twenty five student nurses attended a two-day pre-registration nurse's conference entitled 'Ageing and Genetics – Partners in Care' which took place in the Maxwell Hall, University of Salford recently. The conference attracted many eminent international speakers and was evaluated well by the students who attended. Day one was chaired by Michael Garrity, OBE, Dean of the Faculty of Health and Social Care. The focus of the day was – Ageing. The first paper by Julia Ryan, Senior Lecturer in the School of Nursing explored the myths and realities of later life and considered how these influenced and would influence the care of older people now and in the future. The growing demand for collaboration in healthcare, which has led to the need for more effective partnerships, was next demonstrated in the work undertaken in meeting the standards of the National Service Framework for Older People by, nursing, medical and social service professions. Ann Shuttleworth, a freelance journalist, firstly identified the framework requirements, followed by presentations by Carole Swindells, Associate Clinical Dean, and Mahendra Gonsalkorale, Consultant in Geriatric Medicine, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, and Julia Clarke, Assistant Director, Adults in Social Services, who gave opportunities for delegates to appreciate the challenges, energy and co-operation that existed in the North West of England region and what had actually been achieved since the publication of the framework in March 2001.


In this survey, we prove that the Universal Verification Methodology, UVM, is not only efficient in verifying large-gate-count IP-based System-on-Chip designs, but it is also efficient in verifying small designs, in comparison with the conventional verification techniques, specifically VHDL testbenches. We have built both a UVM verification environment and a VHDL test-bench to verify the operation of an IS slave transceiver, which is a relatively small design in terms of gate count. It utilizes 197 LUTs on Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA. We provide a comparison between the two approaches in both the development and runtime phases. Index Terms – Functional verification, UVM, IS, VHDL, test-


Version ingles en la biblioteca: Decentralization and equity in health : research on the use of the health services of the city of Buenos Aires by poor suburban users; technical report


It is now well accepted that the consumption of plant-based foods is beneficial to human health. Fruits, vegetables, grains and derived products can be excellent sources of minerals, vitamins and fibre and have usually a favourable 'nutrient:energy ratio'. Furthermore, plant foods are also a rich source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids and betalains, with potential health benefits for humans. Many epidemiological studies have made a direct link between the consumption of plant foods and health. Human intervention studies have also shown that higher intake/consumption of plant foods can reduce the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases, especially in population at risk like obese people. In addition to its health benefits, plant foods are also used as functional ingredients in food applications such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, natural colorants and improving sensory and textural properties.


The genus Piola is revised; the original description is translated and updated; the known species are redescribed (except P. unicolor); a new species, Piola wappesi
sp. nov., is described from Bolivia; P. schiffi is registered for the first time for Peru; an updated key and photos of the type material of the species are provided.


Significance Programmable quantum simulators based on Rydberg atom arrays have recently emerged as versatile platforms for exploring exotic many-body phases and quantum dynamics of strongly correlated systems. In this work, we theoretically investigate the quantum phases that can be realized by arranging such Rydberg atoms on a kagome lattice. Along with an extensive analysis of the states which break lattice symmetries due to classical correlations, we identify an intriguing regime that constitutes a promising candidate for hosting a phase with long-range quantum entanglement and topological order. Our results provide a route to experimentally realizing and probing highly entangled quantum matter. We analyze the zero-temperature phases of an array of neutral atoms on the kagome lattice, interacting via laser excitation to atomic Rydberg states. Density-matrix renormalization group calculations reveal the presence of a wide variety of complex solid phases with broken lattice symmetries. In addition, we identify a regime with dense Rydberg excitations that has a large entanglement entropy and no local order parameter associated with lattice symmetries. From a mapping to the triangular lattice quantum dimer model, and theories of quantum phase transitions out of the proximate solid phases, we argue that this regime could contain one or more phases with topological order. Our results provide the foundation for theoretical and experimental explorations of crystalline and liquid states using programmable quantum simulators based on Rydberg atom arrays.


Taxol is an anti-tumor therapy used to treat breast, ovarian and lung cancer, but at the same time it causes oxidative stress and damages the liver and kidneys. In this study, blue-green algae extract Klisinema persicumLoader on Graphene Oxide nanoparticlesChemicallyincorporatedwithAcrylamide-Acrylic Acidpolymer Go/PAM-co-PAAwas used to reduce the damage caused by taxol in female rats. Taxol used at a dose of2 mg / kg of body weight Subperitoneal injectiononce a week, and after the first dose of Taxol the aqueous extract of Klisinema persicum that carry by polymers of Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid with Graphene Oxidewas used at orally daily dose 100 mg/kg of body weight. The experiment groups were divided as follows: group C Control group was dosed with Normal salin only, T1 dosed Taxol only, group T2 dosed algae extract only, group T3 dosed Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid with Graphene Oxide and Taxol, group T4 dosed algae extract and Taxol, group T5 dosed algae extract Nano-portable and Taxol. The results are showing the animals which treated with taxol showed a significant increase (P>0.05) in Liver Tests ALT, AST, ALP and a significant increase (P>0.05) in kidney function tests urea, creatinine and uric acid,as well as reduced antioxidants GSH and CAT and high Lipid peroxide MDA. Conversely, animals treated with nano-loaded algae extract Showed a significant decrease (P>0.05)in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine and uric acid, and a significant increase (P>0.05)in antioxidants Compared with animals treated with taxol only. Conclusions: Klisinema persicumextract can be used to reduce the damage caused by taxol drug to the liver and kidneys and reduce oxidative stress.


Following the work of Samuelson (1952, 1954), derived from the famous Keynes-Ohlin debate of 1929 over German reparations (Keynes, Ohlin and Rueff, 1929), the central problem of transfer theory has come to be conceived of as whether or not there is any "classical presumption" that the terms of trade will turn against the country making the transfer (Samuelson, 1971). This is a "real" problem, independent of the magnitude of the transfer and of the numeraire in terms of which the transfer is expressed. Yet the transfer problem with which Keynes was concerned in The Economic Consequences of the Peace, and to which he returned in the 1929 debate, was whether or not Germany could reasonably be expected to pay the reparations the allies wished to extort from her; and his negative views on this questionsupported though they were by extremely naive partial equilibrium analysis itself of a partial kind and by far too short-run a view of the processes of structural adjustment for the problem in hand, as well as being continuingly entangled in the strong emotions generated in him by participation in the Versailles Conference-were undoubtedly extremely influential in the decision of the western allies not to impose reparations on the Germans after the second world war. (The Soviets, by contrast, imposed severe reparations, but stipulated them in kind, thus avoiding the problems of German reparations with which Keynes and others were concerned after the first world war.) The question of the presumptive effect of a transfer on the terms of trade of a transferring country is, of course, an interesting questioneven though few if any contemporary theorists are aware of the origins of the problem in Keynes' and others' distinction between "the budgetary problem" and "the transfer problem", or alternatively the distinction between the "primary" and the "secondary" burden of the transfer, and the assumption that the size of the transfer is fixed on the basis of pre-transfer prices so that the "secondary burden" may make an apparently manageable transfer impossible to effect. The problem is only of practical interest if the size of the transfer is fixed without reference to the economic repercussions of attempting to effect it by changes in trade flows and productive patterns; and in this connection 1 This article is a byproduct of the International Monetary Research Programme at the London School of Economics, financed by the Social Science Research Council. 20


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well‐established therapy for otherwise intractable movement disorders. Thus far, most patients receive nonrechargeable implantable pulse generators (IPG). Eventually, another intervention to replace the IPG is inevitable.


On 1 January 2014, Switzerland will assume the Chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Switzerland is the first country to take on this role for a second time, having already held the Chairmanship in 1996. This may suggest that the OSCE Chair is not currently considered the most prestigious position in the world of multilateral organizations. At present, the prospects of winning laurels in this role are comparatively slim. There are few signs that diplomatic breakthroughs will be possible in the protracted conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh, Transdniestria, and South Ossetia/Abkhazia. The current geopolitical conditions are equally inexpedient for a Chairmanship. Relations between the USA and the EU/NATO member states, on the one hand, and Russia and likeminded countries, on the other, are beset by problems that include the planned NATO missile defence system, the issue of NATO's eastern enlargement, the consequences of the war in Georgia, and delicate questions concerning the EU's neighbourhood policy. Furthermore, observers have been diagnosing an institutional crisis in the OSCE for over a decade now. The normative foundations of the Organization are considered to be brittle, the East-West divide within the OSCE hampers the Organization's ability to act, and many countries consider that the OSCE has simply lost relevance compared to other international organizations. Despite – or precisely because of – these difficult initial conditions, the 2014 OSCE Chairmanship is a worthwhile foreign-policy challenge for Switzerland. On the one hand, the OSCE itself can profit from a carefully managed Chairmanship that avoids further polarization. Consequently, Switzerland, which is neither an EU state nor a member of NATO, will approach its task with the explicit goal of building bridges between OSCE par-


The ultrasmall dimensions of subwavelength nanowires have made them ideal candidates for compact and energy-efficient photonic applications and have in particular led to the realization of a large ...


Abstract This article serves as a guide to individuals or groups who have an interest in preparing a large playground map for the benefit of young learners. Beyond being a step–by–step set of instructions detailing the procedures for preparing a large playground map, the article provides helpful suggestions for using the map effectively with elementary school children.


In this article, using only single qubit operation and a CNOT gate, we propose a scheme for creating arbitrary n-particle d-dimensional superposition states including entangled states and give the relevant circuits for realizing this scheme.


We compared methods of measuring the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of high‐purity Nb using transport current. Our experimental study is intended to answer some fundamental questions about the best measurement method for RRR and the biases that may exist among different measurement methods, model equations, and magnetic field orientations. Two common ways to obtain the extrapolated normal‐state resistivity at 4.2 K are (1) measure the normal‐state resistivity as a function of field at 4.2 K and extrapolate to zero field and (2) measure the normal‐state resistivity as a function of temperature in zero field and extrapolate to 4.2 K. Both approaches have their associated difficulties. We also compared data taken with the magnetic field both parallel and transverse to the specimen current and we measured magnetoresistance at various temperatures from 4 to 16 K. We combined all of these data to estimate the RRR using an approach based on the Kohler empirical rule regarding magnetoresistance. The Kohler rule imposes the shape of the magnetoresistance curve at the higher temperatures to better predict the extrapolated normal‐state values at the lower temperatures.We compared methods of measuring the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of high‐purity Nb using transport current. Our experimental study is intended to answer some fundamental questions about the best measurement method for RRR and the biases that may exist among different measurement methods, model equations, and magnetic field orientations. Two common ways to obtain the extrapolated normal‐state resistivity at 4.2 K are (1) measure the normal‐state resistivity as a function of field at 4.2 K and extrapolate to zero field and (2) measure the normal‐state resistivity as a function of temperature in zero field and extrapolate to 4.2 K. Both approaches have their associated difficulties. We also compared data taken with the magnetic field both parallel and transverse to the specimen current and we measured magnetoresistance at various temperatures from 4 to 16 K. We combined all of these data to estimate the RRR using an approach based on the Kohler empirical rule regarding magnetoresistance. The Kohler rule...


With the complexity big data platform architectures, data engineer provides the infrastructure with computation and storage resource for data scientist and data analyst. With those supports, data scientists can focus their domain problem and design the intelligence module (e.g., prepare the data, select/train/tune the machine learning modules and validate the result). However, there is still a gap between system engineer team and data scientists/engineers team. For system engineers, they don't have any knowledge about the application domain and the propose of the analytic program. For data scientists/engineers, they don't know the configuration of the computation system, file system and database. Some application performance issues are related with system configurations. Data scientist and data engineer do not have information and knowledge about the system properties. In this paper, we propose a configuration layer with the current big data platform (i.e., Hadoop) and build a configuration recommendation system to collect data, pre-process data. Based on the processed data, we use semi-automatic feature engineer to provide features for data engineers and build the performance model with three different machine learning algorithms (i.e., random forest, gradient boosting machine and support vector regression). With the same two benchmarks (i.e., wordcount and terasort), our recommended configuration archives remarkable improvement than rule of thumb configuration and better than their improvements.


Lemkin's last years saw him, and the Convention which he had achieved, politically marginalized, and he put his energies into the plan for a history of genocide which is now attracting renewed scholarly interest. Cooper gives a useful summary of his plans, and of the extant writings, which confirm his continued adherence to a broad and general conception of genocide (much in contrast to that of recent scholars who have narrowed the phenomenon to mass murder). However, Cooper is no theorist and his strategy, to intersperse Lemkin's writ- ing with summaries of recent contributions, does not quite work. In sum, this is a valuable contribution, but perhaps only the beginning of a full appreciation of this remarkable figure.


This paper presents four channel step up charge pump DC-DC converter system for SP4T RF MEMS switch operation. DC-DC converter system consists of four step up charge pump DC-DC converters. 3.3V input voltage is boosted by DC-DC converter which is seven stage cascaded voltage doublers to 14.0±0.2V output voltage with 10㎒ switching frequency. In DC-DC converter system, output voltage is selected by voltage level shifter circuit with 3.3V four channel selection signals. A RF MEMS switch is modeled by 1pF capacitor. The DC-DC converter is simulated and fabricated in a 0.7㎛ CMOS high voltage/low voltage technology. The output voltage of fabricated DC-DC converter is 14.0±0.2V with 1.8㏁ load. The total chip area is 2.8ⅹ2.1㎟ including pads.


Objective
To determine the risk factors for autologous blood withdrawal-reinfusion in cesarean section.

Methods
Parturients who underwent cesarean section and autologous blood withdrawal from August 2012 to June 2015 in our hospital were selected.The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of the parturients were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records.The parturients were divided into reinfusion group and non-reinfusion group according to whether the parturients received autologous blood reinfusion.Logistic regression analysis was used to stratify the risk factors for autologous blood withdrawal-reinfusion in cesarean section.

Results
A total of 1 604 parturients who received autologous blood reinfusion were included in the study, with 757 cases in reinfusion group and 847 cases in non-reinfusion group.Placenta increta/percreta, placenta previa with previous uterine surgery and complete placenta previa were the risk factors for autologous blood withdrawal-reinfusion in cesarean section (P<0.05). The predictive model was exp(w)÷[1+ exp(w)], w=1.447×placenta increta/percreta (corrected OR value)+ 0.945×complete placenta previa (corrected OR value)+ 1.361×placenta previa with previous uterine surgery (corrected OR value). The sensitivity and specificity of this model in predicting blood reinfusion were 56% and 79%, respectively, the positive predictive value was 71%, and the negative predictive value was 67%.

Conclusion
Placenta increta/percreta, placenta previa with previous uterine surgery and complete placenta previa are high risk factors for autologous blood withdrawal-reinfusion in cesarean section, and routine preparation for autologous blood withdrawal-reinfusion is recommended.

Key words:
Cesarean section; Blood transfusion, autologous


This paper presents the results of finite element based stress and fracture mechanics analyses carried out on the compressor disc of a jet engine using two and three dimensional models. A total of ninety finite element models of the compressor disc were prepared, out of which 81 were two dimensional models and 9 were three dimensional. All models were prepared and analysed for the uncracked discs, discs with various numbers of cracks emanating from neighbouring bolt holes as well as for a disc with two cracks emanating from the same bolt hole. It was established that the primary fracture critical location in the compressor disc was the bolt hole surface closest to the disc centre and the secondary fracture critical location was the bolt hole surface closest to the disc rim. Plastic zone size measurements ahead of tips in service-induced cracks were carried out using a microhardness technique and these values were used to estimate the stress intensity factors as a function of crack size. Quantitative fractography results were also used to estimate the stress intensity factors. There was a good agreement between numerical calculations and experimental data.


As the World Wide Web has grown, the methods for indexing have changed considerably. It is in this context that we present in this paper a novel approach to the indexing of web pages. In general, a web page contains multiple objects at once; some objects have a specific stain for static and dynamic page design. Others are more important and relevant in terms of information as regards the page content. In order to identify this informative part, we developed a novel approach for cleaning superfluous objects and then have kept the image and textual part in the web page. Once the images and texts are identified in page, we have established a link between the text and the visual characteristics of image to build a bridge over the semantic gap. To do this, we then explore the possibilities of integration of visual and textual features. The proposed approach is tested on a large corpus and the results are compared with the human expert indexing.


The purpose of this study is to look at this apparent increase in demand for fire protection services in the theoretical framework of derived demand. The theory of derived demand tells us that the demand for labor in a certain field is determined by the demand for the goods or services produced by that labor (Freeman, 1972). More specifically, we should expect to see a shift to the right of the demand curve for fire protection services since September Eleventh. This should lead to greater employment levels and higher wages in the labor market for fire fighters. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol14/iss1/1


For thirty years, the swine industry has externalized severe environmental and health harms onto poor communities of color in Eastern North Carolina.3 This "Big Pig" problem is caused by the confinement, consolidation, and concentration of industrial hog operations within the low, flat, and economically marginalized Coastal Plain.4 Big Pig's rise was not inevitable. As recently as 1982, more than 11,000 small swine farms freckled nearly all of North Carolina's 100 counties.5 Then came the "boom" of consolidation and industrialization that transformed hog


A simple and rapid procedure has been developed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using Lantana aculeate leaf extract and zinc nitrate. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UVVis spectrophotometric, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from biological and chemical method showed particles are spherical shape with size range from 12-25nm and 18-35nm respectively [1,2]. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles showed particles with distinct cap, which may be due to flavonoids, proteins and other functional group present in the leaf broth of Lantana aculeate.


ABSTRACT In Brazil, Paleoproterozoic khondalites were recognized in Ceará, Bahia, Goiás, Tocantins, and Minas Gerais. The Itapecerica supracrustal succession in the Southern São Francisco Craton (Minas Gerais) contains sillimanite-cordierite-garnet-biotite gneiss (khondalite) with an anatectic record. The high-grade khondalite preserve representative mineral assemblages of peak and orogen collapse after post-peak decompressional stage. Based on petrographic observations and P–T pseudosections of bulk rock compositions, a clockwise pressure-temperature-time (P–T-t) path was inferred. The metamorphic peak assemblage is liquid + plagioclase ± K-feldspar + garnet + biotite + ilmenite + sillimanite + quartz at 715–772ºC and 5.5–7.5 kbar. In addition, the precursor sediments had mixed pelitic-wacke compositions resulting from erosion of different sources. Sediment deposition would have occurred at active continental marginal setting. Surrounding the khondalite occurs a peraluminous metagranite named here as Água Rasa, formed in syn- to post-collisional setting, whose εNd(t) (−0.5 to −2.7) and 87Sr/86Sr(t) (1.04 to 1.08) and the data set indicate that the precursor magma of the Água Rasa metagranite originated from anatexis of the khondalitic rocks (crustal source) and associated amphibolites (mantle source) during the crustal thickening followed by tectonic exhumation at peak metamorphism and at decompressional stage during the orogenic collapse. The khondalite yielded ages from monazite U-Th-PbT dating of 2090 ± 26 Ma and 1937 ± 32 Ma, while the Água Rasa metagranite yielded ages of 2077 ± 24 Ma and 1941 ± 23 from monazite and 1934 ± 74 Ma from zircon U-Pb. The ages of >2.0 Ga are related to the metamorphic peak, while the younger ones (~1940 Ma) are related to the orogen collapse after post-peak decompressional stage. Similarities between the khondalite rocks of this study and of the North China Craton suggest that the São Francisco-Congo Craton was near the North China Craton in the supercontinent Columbia for the 2.1–1.9 Ga period.


Remote Sensing Image Classifiction is always a difficult problem.It's very important to use proper algorithms for different images.Not only precision but also efficiency must be considered.By researching in the relations between the initial means of clusters and the efficiency of clustering,we proposed a method of computing the initial means of clusters for K-Means Clustering.It is proved to be more efficient than the(K-Means) Clustering module of ENVI when it's used in Remote Sensing Classification.


The purpose of this skripsi is to obtain the value of estimator parameters for Generalized Exponential distribution. Method used for estimating parameters of Generalized Exponential distribution is L-moment Estimators (LME) method. Generalized Exponenti


We investigate melt generation in a slowly extending lithosphere with the aim of understanding the spatial and temporal relationships between magmatism and preexisting rift systems. We present numerical models that consider feedback between melt generation and lithospheric deformation, and we incorporate three different damage mechanisms: brittle damage, creep damage, and melt damage. Melt conditions are calculated with a Helmholtz free energy minimization method, and the energy equation is solved self‐consistently for latent heat and shear heating effects. Using a case of a slowly extending (1–1.5 mm/yr) continental lithosphere with a relatively low surface heat flow (~50 mW/m2), we show that melt‐rich shear bands are nucleated at the bottom of the lithosphere as a result of shear heating and damage mechanisms. Upon further deformation, melt zones intersect creep damage zones, thus forming channels that may be used for the melt to migrate upward. If a preexisting structure resides only in the brittle crust, it does not control the path of melt migration to the surface, and melt‐filled channels propagate from the bottom upwards, independently of upper crustal structures. In contrast, a preexisting weak structure that reaches a critical depth of 20 km allows fast (~2 Ma) propagation of melt‐filled channels that link melt damage from the bottom of the lithosphere to near‐surface structures. Our model results may explain the short time scale, volume, and magma extraction from the asthenosphere through a low surface heat flow lithosphere, such as observed, for example, in the Harrat Ash‐Shaam volcanic field (northwestern Arabia), which developed in the Arabian Plate and is spatially linked to the Azraq‐Sirhan Graben.


Material flow in FSW is being studied here. It is shown how X‐Ray computed microtomography (μCT) can be applied for the visualization of Ti‐powder which is implanted into Al‐sheets as marker material. During welding of the sheets the process is rapidly stopped and the region around the weld pin is being studied by μCT. Volume data sets of the marker distribution have been generated and are presented. Material flow is compared for material originating from two different positions and for two different tool geometries. Significant differences in the flow patterns have been seen.


Also pressed against the connection portion facing arrangement provides connection structure for a circuit board that can be easily and to quality determination of the connection state compared to the prior art, the pressing jig for the circuit board connection method and the circuit board connection . Connection structure 10 of circuit board includes a first circuit board 11 and the second circuit board 12, when together with the first connecting portion 17 and the second connecting portion 21 is arranged facing via the adhesive 13, the circuit as patterns 16 and 19 are in contact with each other, in which the heating contact by first connecting portion 17 and the second connecting portion 21 is clamped to the pressurizing jig 25. Connecting structure 10 of the circuit board, a pair of unbonded portions 35 to pressure area 34 of the upper pressing jig 26 in the soft base material 18 is in contact is formed.


Abstract : An apparatus capable of producing and detecting neutral ozone species created from high pressure oxygen using strong field photonic reagents have been designed constructed and utilized. The apparatus uses femtosecond BoxCARS to probe small volumes with multiple laser beams. Using this technique strong evidence was obtained that photonic reagents convert O2 to conventional ozone. Progress has also been made on the understanding and control of filament formation in ambient conditions. For guiding the search for appropriate photonic reagents the use of dimensionality reduction schemes was demonstrated on several model systems; the software code was developed that is used for reducing the complexity of the search space near dimension of 64. A general intrinsic parameter extraction method was developed for nonlinear cases; it may enable control independent of the measurement settings. Quantum control landscapes for photonic reagent optimization were shown to be trap free and inherently robust thereby permitting optimization searches to reach the ultimate yield and to effectively manage experimental noise even near the top.


Background Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) and tumor evolution have been described for clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC), but only limited data are available for other kidney cancer subtypes. Moreover, previous ITH studies predominately focused on single nucleotide variants (SNVs); little is known of the stepwise process in which additional genomic alterations such as copy number alterations (SCNAs) or structural variants (SV) are acquired. Results We investigated ITH and clonal evolution of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and rarer kidney cancer subtypes using whole-genome sequencing and multi-omics analyses in 124 samples from 29 subjects. We collected multiple samples from the center of the tumor to the periphery and matched metastatic lesions to capture changes occurring along the physical tumor expansion. We used phylogenetic analysis to order the impact of SCNAs, SNVs, and SVs along the evolutionary trajectory of these tumors. While the few mutations in cancer driver genes were clonal, pRCC ITH was lowest for SCNAs, intermediate for SNVs, and highest for SVs. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed a clonal expansion cascade along these genomic alteration types. Moreover, while SNVs and SCNAs were similar, SVs were >20 times more frequent in pRCC type 2 than pRCC type 1, suggesting a role for SVs in pRCC type 2 aggressive behavior. Conclusions Unlike ccRCC or other cancer types, pRCCs tumorigenesis appears to begin from SCNAs and/or rare mutations in cancer driver genes. No effective treatment is available for this tumor. Our work highlights the need for tailored intervention against large-scale somatic alterations beyond SNVs.


5 We describe and experimentally validate a question-asking framework for machine-learned linguistic knowledge about human emotions. Using the Socratic method as a theoretical inspiration, we develop an experimental method and computational model for computers to learn subjective information about emotions by playing emotion twenty questions (EMO20Q), a game of twenty questions limited to words denoting emotions. Using human-human EMO20Q data we bootstrap a sequential Bayesian model that drives a generalized 10 pushdown automaton-based dialog agent that further learns from 300 human-computer dialogs collected on Amazon Mechanical Turk. The human-human EMO20Q dialogs show the capability of humans to use a large, rich, subjective vocabulary of emotion words. Training on successive batches of human-computer EMO20Q dialogs shows that the automated agent is able to learn from subsequent human-computer interactions. Our results show that the training procedure enables the agent to learn a large set of emotions words. The fully 15 trained agent successfully completes EMO20Q at 67% of human performance and 30% better than the bootstrapped agent. Even when the agent fails to guess the human opponent's emotion word in the EMO20Q game, the agent's behavior of searching for knowledge makes it appear human-like, which enables the agent maintain user engagement and learn new, out-of-vocabulary words. These results lead us to conclude that the question-asking methodology and its implementation as a sequential Bayes pushdown automaton are a 20 successful model for the cognitive abilities involved in learning, retrieving, and using emotion words by an automated agent in a dialog setting.


The magnetic environment in which the CW semi active radar guided missile's homer works is analyzed and its influence on the attacking envelope of the weapon system is given. The homer capture range equation under the interference of hot noise and clutter is built, and the formula for calculating the interference of direct wave leakage and ground clutter is deduced, on which basis the formula of permissible attacking envelope is given.


Saanen goats were distributed in five groups aimed at the evaluation of the length of time for placenta release after labour inductor protocols at 145 days of pregnancy through the usage of PGF2α analogues, cloprostenol or dcloprostenol, the latter associated with carbetocin (prolongued action synthetic ocitocin). There was no difference for the moment of labour in the groups artificially started; however, the majority of births promoted by the dcloprostenol + carbetocin protocols were concentrated between 30 and 38 RODRIGUES, C.F.C. et al. Indução do parto em cabras Saanen com d-cloprostenol e carbetocina e a viabilidade dos cabritos. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 3, N. 23, Art#613, Jul1, 2009. hours. Viability of the kids suffered no interference in the different experimental groups. The study could demonstrate the competency of the different protocols in the synchronization of labour in Saanen goats and it's potential use as an control of AEC in goat livestock.


E~j25e5BHE widespread use of antibiotic agents has not only resolved many problems in the field of infectious diseases Li5J -but it has also created a number of new and sometimes perplexing ones. These include the various untoward side effects which are seen more and more as the use of antibiotics becomes more common. Some of these side effects are toxic; some are allergic and others seem to be related to the biologic activities of the antibiotic agents themselves. The triumphs of the antibiotic drugs are emphasized regularly in the literature but the dangers and harmful sequellae of their uses and especially of their abuses have only recently begun to be stressed. Perhaps they deserve some emphasis also. None of us would imply that the harmful effects that may follow the use of antibiotics should discourage the physician from using them when they are indicated. I do believe, however, that they should make him hesitant to use anitbiotics in cases or in situations where the indication for their use is entirely absent or at most only slightly suggestive. My assignment is to discuss briefly with you the management of the dermatologic complications of antibiotic therapy. These dermatologic complications are mostly the result of sensitization, that is, they are mainly allergic complications. They occur in the form of various skin lesions, either during the course of therapy or soon after the administration of the same (or closely related) agent is resumed. These skin lesions may be transient but usually they increase in severity or lead to more serious consequences if administration of the antibiotic is continued after the eruption appears. It is difficult to give accurate data on the incidence of these dermatologic complications. At the present time one may expect dermatologic complications in about 4 or 5 per cent of all patients given antibiotic therapy.


Shigellosis is a form of bacterial diarrhea caused by gram-negative bacteria Shigella species. It is common in developing countries and results from contaminated food, poor sanitation conditions, or direct person to person contact. Shigella can cause infection in all age groups. High-risk group include very young, elderly, and immunocompromised person. Shigella species is relatively resistant to acid in the stomach, and few organisms are required to cause the disease. Once ingested, it multiplies in the small intestine and enters the colon. In the colon, it produces shigella enterotoxins and serotype toxin 1, resulting in watery or bloody diarrhea. Clinical presentation of shigellosis may vary over a wide spectrum from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery. We report the case of 7 years old previously healthy boy, who presented to our hospital with abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. On examination, we noticed abdominal tenderness with guarding at the right lower quadrant. With the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, open appendectomy was performed. Exploration of the abdominal cavity revealed perforated appendicitis and generalized peritonitis. Shigella sonnei was isolated from the peritoneal fluid culture. The patient completely recovered without any complications. Surgical complications, including appendicitis, could have developed during shigellosis. There are few reported cases of perforated appendicitis associated with Shigella. Prompt surgical intervention can be beneficial to prevent morbidity and mortality if it is performed early in the course of the disease.


The mechanism for climate change mitigation, REDD + represents a financial strategie in which payment for environmental services to reduce carbon emissions is used. Born in the Framework Convention of the United Nations Climate Change, REDD + is designed to help reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere caused by deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries with tropical forests. To strengthen the mechanism, they have been established safeguards, which, applied to the mechanism will guarantee the human rights of populations living and making use of forests, recognized by the internal systems of the countries and in an international scale.The design of REDD+ provides financial methods for operation. The financial sources and the distribution of the resources. This paper explains how the safeguards are employed in these financing schemes in order to protect these rights in all components of REDD +.


Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................................... 2OS/84 Delin Li 797 Firewood Court San Jose, CA 95120 (US) (57) ABSTRACT The present invention relates to CIGS solar cell fabrication. (21) Appl. No.: 12/554,440 The invention discloses a method for fabricating CIGS thin film Solar cells using a roll-to-roll system. The invention (22) Filed: Sep. 4, 2009 discloses method to fabricate semiconductor thin film Cu(In Related U.S. Application Data Ga)(SeS). by sequentially electroplating a stack comprising of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium elements or their (60) Provisional application No. 61/094,890, filed on Sep. alloys followed by selenization at a temperature between 450 6, 2008. C and 700 C.


In  this  paper  we  propose  Efron  residual  based-bootstrap  approximation  methods in  asymptotic  model-checks  for  homoschedastic  spatial  linear  regression  models.  It  is  shown  that  under  some  regularity conditions given to the known regression functions the bootstrap version of the sequence of least squares residual partial sums processes converges in distribution to a centred Gaussian process having sample paths in the space of continuous functions on  1,0 1,0 :I . Thus, Efron residual based-bootstrap is a consistent approximation in the usual sense. The finite sample performance of the bootstrap level   Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) type test is also investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation.


Agricultural information interacts with and influences agricultural productivity in informing decisions regarding land, labour, livestock, capital and management. Relevant, reliable and useful information and knowledge can arguably improve agricultural productivity. The creation of information systems to disseminate information to farmers has become a necessity. Farmers can make better decisions in order to take advantage of market opportunities and manage continuous changes in their production systems. In Indonesia, several information systems to support agricultural activities has been initiated by government bodies and private entities, from providing agricultural extension services to supporting access to market. Most existing publications looking at the initiatives are based on prototype testing and with technology based approach, little attention was given social aspect or economic impact. Socio-technical design is an approach that give equal weight to technical and social issues when designing new system. Socio-technical approach has been used extensively in organizational settings and particularly in the field health information systems. This paper will look at the approach in the context of agricultural information systems design and implementation in Indonesia focusing on the livestock management systems. Keywords—disseminate information, farmers, agricultural


A 58-years old woman came to the emergency department due to syncope; she had been found lying on the ground in her residence. At the admission the patient was unconscious but had preserved blood pressure 120/80 mmHg. CT brain scan was negative for hemorrhage. Admission ECG showed a 52 b/m sinus bradycardia, elevated antero-septal ST segment and prolonged QT interval. Diagnosis of antero-septal STEMI was made and a coronary angiogram performed via right femoral access showed mild atheromasia in the absence of angiographically significant lesions. Bedside echocardiogram showed severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF 35%) with akinesia of apical and mid-ventricular segments. The right ventricle presented a marked hypocontractility of the apical region and a preserved kinetics of the basal portion (TAPSE 22 mm). There was also a moderate mitral regurgitation and a mild tricuspid regurgitation with a sPAP of 50 mmHg (40+10).
 On blood sampling, high-sensitivity troponin was slightly elevated (3950 pg/ml) and marked hyponatriemia (117 mmol/l) and slight hypokalemia (3.1 mmol/l) were noted. The echocardiogram on the third day showed an improvement in global and segmental kinetics of left ventricle with an estimated EF of 45% and persistence of a mild hypocontractility of the apex of right ventricle. During her hospital stay, her cognitive state gradually improved and she remained asymptomatic without evidence of arrhythmic events on monitoring. The ECG evolved on days with normalization of the ST-T tract, negative T wave in the anterior region and prolonged QTc interval. The pre-discharge echocardiogram showed a recovery of biventricular kinetics with an estimated EF of 50%. The presence of a transient abnormality in biventricular wall motion beyond a single epicardial coronary artery perfusion territory with new electrocardiographic change met the diagnostic criteria of Tako-tsubo Syndrome defined by Mayo Clinic criteria. The electrocardiogram on the day of discharge showed a 55 b/m sinus bradycardia with a negative T wave from V1 to V4.
 Tako-tsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute and reversible left ventricular dysfunction that improves spontaneously within days or weeks and is often preceded by emotional or physical stress.
 Biventricular involvement in TTS is typically identified on imaging studies such as echocardiography and MRI. TTS with RV involvement is associated with a higher rate of in-hospital mortality and long-term adverse clinical events than isolated LV TTS.
 In our clinical case, biventricular involvement was associated with a severe clinical presentation (syncope and unconsciousness). This case shows that biventricular Tako-tsubo is a clinical scenario that requires intensive care monitoring and strict cardiological evaluation.


The invention provides a grid-driven electric control device for a skid-mounted pump. A medium-voltage switch cabinet of the device is connected with a power transformer and power grid lines; the power transformer is connected with a temperature controller and a low-voltage switch cabinet; the low-voltage switch cabinet is connected with an active filter and a frequency converter; the frequency converter is connected with a variable frequency motor; a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is connected with the temperature controller, the frequency converter, the variable frequency motor, the skid-mounted pump and a man-machine interface; and a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an analog input module, an analog output module, a digital input module, a digital output module and a communication module are mounted on a printed circuit board in the PLC. The device adopts the power transformer to reduce the voltage of a medium-voltage power grid source to low voltage capable of being used by the skid-mounted pump, and a diesel motor is replaced by the variable frequency motor, so that control and protection on the speed and torque of a main motor of the skid-mounted pump are realized.


WT5BZ]In this paper, the content and distribution of thallium in pyrite ash and cinder are studied. The accumulation and scatter laws and the environmental effects of thallium in pyrite cinder are also approached. The study shows that the contents of thallium in pyrite cinders are obviously higher than the Clark value and soil background values. Comparing with the content of thallium in pyrite ores, the content of thallium increased in fly ash, but decreased in bottom ash. The pyrite cinders have more dangerous effects on environment than pyrite ores. [WT5HZ]


In the last decade several synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of tropical cyclones have been acquired by the European satellite ENVISAT as well as the Canadian satellite RADARSAT-1. These SAR images provide a unique opportunity to investigate the utility of SAR data for estimation of extreme winds as well as for the improvement of forecasting tropical cyclones. Using the SAR wind retrieval algorithm WiSAR, we have obtained good accuracies (root mean square error of 18° and 1.5 ms) for low to moderate wind speed conditions. WiSAR was especially adjusted for use with the satellites ERS, ENVISAT and RADARSAT-1, all operating at C-band at either HHor VV polarization in transmit and receive. The algorithm enables one to retrieve wind fields with a resolution of up to 300 m over a swath width of up to 500 km (for the RADARSAT and ENVISAT wide-swath modes). WiSAR has been implemented at the Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing (CSTARS) of the University of Miami where it is used to generate wind field maps from SAR images on a semioperational basis for monitoring of tropical cyclones. The possibility of estimating extreme winds using SAR data is investigated utilizing ENVISAT ASAR data acquired at VV polarization and RADARSAT-1 SAR data acquired at HH polarization. The resulting SAR-retrieved wind fields are compared to results of high-resolution numerical models as well as in situ measurements collected by aircrafts and buoy data. Furthermore, the limitations of the methodologies, in particular the geophysical model functions (GMF) for retrieving wind speeds, will be discussed with respect to tropical cyclones considering SAR and scatterometer measurements. These investigation show the influence of sea state (in particular of swell) and heavy rain on the NRCS and therefore on the wind speed retrieval as well as the limitations due to sensors. Finally, the utility of SAR for estimating extreme winds as well as the shape and size of the eyes of tropical cyclones will be discussed with respect to tropical cyclone


To explore personal and professional factors influencing social worker assessment of family intimacy behaviour in diverse cultural groups, a 27-item questionnaire was mailed to a random, stratified sample of MSW-level social workers. The instrument measured rank-order responses to 10 questions about attitudes towards public exposure to sexual stimuli and rank-order responses to questions about three vignettes depicting culturally informed family intimacy behaviour. The instrument also measured sample characteristics such as area of social work practice and per cent of caseload involving sexually abused as well as diverse clients. Completed questionnaires (n= 387) were analysed for association between respondents' definition of intimacy behaviour (dependent variable), attitude towards sexual stimuli, and intervening variables thought to explain variance in the dependent measure. Labelling theory provided a basis for hypotheses testing.

When mean attitude scores were correlated with mean definition scores, Pearson's r returned a significant low, positive association between conservative attitudes towards exposure to sexual stimuli and definitions of cross-cultural scenarios as sexual abuse. Holding attitude scores constant, regression modelling of the sample's definition of scenarios indicated that practice area, minority status, and per cent of caseload with sexual abuse clients were significant predictors of R2 change in the dependent variable. Further analysis of data through regression tree modelling showed that a small group of conservative practitioners with ethnically diverse caseloads were more likely to label culturally influenced behaviours as deviant. Among conservative practitioners with less diverse caseloads, number of hours in sexuality training had a moderating influence on deviancy labelling. Tree modelling of the data also indicated that an ethnic minority subgroup within the sample accounted for the lowest ranking of scenarios as sexual abuse.

Results support earlier work on social worker assessment of child maltreatment as a function of agency setting. Another implication for social work is the need for practitioners to understand their attitudes towards human sexuality in relation to assessment of diverse patterns of childhood sexual socialization.


Abstract Chloral polymerizations initiated with weak chiral initiators, used at 0.5 mol% concentration, gave optically active polychloral. Maximum rotations of the various polychloral samples, measured in film gorm, depended on the initiator as follows: tetramethylammonium (+)-O-acetylmandelate [α]D 25 = -1860°, tetramethylammonium (-)-O-acetylmandelate [α]D 25 = +1180°, tetramethylammonium (+)-α-methoxymandelate [α]D 25 = -190°, tetramethylammonium (-)-α-methoxymandelate [α]D 25 = +210°.


For the dynamic change of customer demands,uncertainty of routes and different types of ships in tramp shipping,apractical model called the ship scheduling problem with rolling windows and multi-objective(SRPRW)is presented, which aims to minimize costs of the shipping,and at the same time a real-time optimization strategy based on SRPRW model is developed to update ship scheduling routes timely and quickly when the demand information changes.In the solution of the model,a new simulated annealing mechanism is introduced to prevent the results trapped in local optimal solution based on genetic algorithm(GA),meanwhile a kind of adaptive crossover and adaptive mutation operator is designed to improve the convergence speed of the solution of the model.Our computational results indicate that this model can develop a scheduling route quickly and response to customer dynamic demand timely.


A general criterion for the absence of zero-input limit cycles in digital filter structures that can be implemented with a single quantizer in the recursive loop is presented. The criterion can be applied to a rounding or magnitude truncation quantizer, and it allows the use of error feedback as well. Additionally, a method for the elimination of constant-input limit cycles is presented, provided that the implementation is already free from zero-input limit cycles. The criteria are applied to several well-known filter structures, and new results on their limit cycle properties in the single-quantizer configuration are obtained. It is shown that certain structures are always free from all zero-input and constant-input limit cycles when magnitude truncation is used for quantization. The single-quantizer structures can always be provided with appropriate error feedback, not only to achieve the elimination of limit cycles but also to reduce the roundoff noise, resulting in excellent overall performance. >


Somatic incompatibility in two strains of the myxomycete Didymium iridis is controlled by at least 13 loci: seven fusion loci and six clear-zone loci. Details on correlating loci of the Hon I strain with Pan 1 loci are given and a unified nomenclature, applicable to both strains, has been developed from data presented in this paper. Although fusion loci generally prevent fusion between different plasmodial incompatibility phenotypes, studies on individual loci have shown that a limited transient fusion may occasionally take place. Thus, the differences between the fusion and clear-zone loci are not as distinct as once thought. However, the 13 somatic incompatibility loci are still easily designated as either fusion or clear-zone loci, and no locus has thus far been found with true intermediate function. Studies on individual locus function are also discussed.


OBJECTIVE
Patient data may appear as burned-in text on the image content of DICOM image files, which is commonly seen in ultrasound images and some secondarily scanned images. The purpose of this article is to discuss the removal of such information, which can be cumbersome and demands human intervention.

CONCLUSION
This article presents a computerized scheme that automatically removes patient data from the image content by finding burned-in texts that match information in the DICOM header, thus cleaning the entire DICOM image file while preserving other useful labels.


Abstract : The Very Long Baseline Array began participating in geodetic VLBI experiments in earnest in 1997 through the Research and Development VLBI (RDV) program. These experiments involve the 10 stations of the VLBA plus several antennas of the geodetic VLBI network and have occurred about every two months since the inception of the program. The VLBA RDV experiments are part of a collaborative program of geodetic and astrometric research between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and the U.S. Naval Observatory and are scheduled to accommodate the diverse goals of the participating institutions. The catalog of radio positions derived from these data and the frame they define are compared to ICRF-Ext.2. Because the VLBA RDV data are so prolific and of such high quality, when combined with the existing database of VLBI astrometric/geodetic experiments, they will make a significant contribution to the construction of the next realization of the ICRF.


Emerging standards in the area of mobile services, such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), require new capabilities from mobile devices. As a result, these devices should be aware of how to download and correctly install particular software. For this purpose, the Software Define Radio (SDR) technology is used at present. SDR allows co-existence of different independent standards, protocols, and services. This signal processing approach is broadly spreading given that reprogramming and reconfiguring of mobile devices is of great importance. Due to the availability of SDR in the device architecture, a user can update and replace necessary services without changing the hardware. This work presents a new approach to adaptation of WiMAX and UMTS to the mobile terminals on the basis of SDR. We propose the original implementation of the signal processing phase which will be able to dynamically support incoming signals of different standards.


In this paper folded printed dipole antenna with PBG operating for Ultra wide band applications ,The geometry of the antenna is very simple for fabrication and printed circuit board integration that is only 42*36 mm, the proposed antenna are simplified structure with 50 Ω feed line .the PBG structure antenna working in the frequency at 3.2 GHz and 3.9GHz with the bandwidth 68% and 50 % respectively ,In this proposed antenna has maximum gain 4.664 dBi and 3.8 dBi at 3.2 GHz and 3.9 GHz respectively .The proposed radiation pattern is omnidirectional in the E-plane and H-plane due to the orthogonal configuration of the dipole strips. The folded printed dipole antenna with PBG structure antenna should be useful for the UWB applications, The radiation characteristics examined in further sections. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved


The problem of eliminating linear and binary recursion has received quite a deal of attention. Less has been given to the elimination of the more general form of recursion that arises in combinatorics. In this paper we extend earlier work and produce two pairs of equivalent schemata. The correspondences between these schemata and the classical combinatoral problems are given and two applied examples: topological sorting and the set covering problem, are discussed in detail.


As pervasive computing technologies are gradually penetrating sport, we are witnessing a proliferating number of research systems that can track athletes during training and/or in competition. Indeed, athlete tracking is a particularly challenging research tasks, which is also a key enabler for a wide range of applications such as ambient personalized broadcasting. In this paper we survey person tracking systems for sport applications and illustrate their limitations for realistic sports environments. As a real-life example we present the robust and high-performance person tracking system developed at the Athens Information Technology, and explain its inability to deal with occlusions, interlacing, adverse and changing light conditions and mostly the strain of the athletes, which are very common in high activity athletic scenes. We also present techniques for dealing with these challenges, along with an architecture for building ambient camera selection environments for broadcasting purposes. These techniques form the basis for the person tracking and ambient camera selection systems that are developed in the scope of the my-e-Director 2012 EC project, which is working towards a realistic prototype system for the London 2012 Olympics.


The present year has seen the appearance of the report of the Classical Investigation. This investigation represents a very serious effort not only to justify the retention of Latin in the curriculum but also to ascertain the most effective methods of attaining the objectives presented in the report. While this report was being prepared, the Modern Foreign Language Study, sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation, was launched. In the light of these two investigations it is proper to conclude that the status of foreign-language teaching in America is still an open question. It seems pertinent, therefore, to consider the foreignlanguage situation in France, whose educational system is one of the most highly organized in the world, as well as one of the most effective.


The border between Italy and Slovenia changed several times but only in the last century the relations between the two respective cultures were conditioned by political situations. The aim is to analyze the difference between the two literatures in an ethnically mixed territory with reference to their mutual relationship in two periods: after the First World War, in the fascist period, and after the Second World War, when Istria and Dalmatia have been incorporated in Yugoslavia. At the same time, we can find an alteration of the use of the language along the border, but over the last twenty years the two linguistic minorities, Italian in Slovenia and Slovenian in Italy, recognized and protected by European laws, tend to talk to each other rather than in English, as they show the studies of linguistic landscape.


NEP (New Economics Papers) is a current awareness service for the RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) digital library. Since its initiation in April 1998, over 50 individual lists have been created to loosely represent subfields within economics. Those lists in total made more than 37,000 announcements of about 28,000 working papers that were added to RePEc in the past five years. This article examines the growth and development of the NEP service. The performance of NEP is measured in terms of timeliness, coverage ratio, and usage. In exploring the various NEP parameters and their relationships, we discuss the potentials and other perspectives of the NEP service. Although it can be further improved, NEP could become an innovative model for current awareness services of digital libraries technically as well as organizationally.


AIM Effects of adenosine (Ade) on left ventricular NO content and NOS activity in rat hypertrophic heart induced by L thyroxine ( L Thy) were studied. METHODS The cardiac hypertrophy was induced by ig L Thy 4 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 and treated with Ade. NO content and NOS activity were measured by benzidine fluorescence spectrophotometry. RESULTS\ Compared with that of the control group, the left ventricular NO contents of hypertrophy group were significantly decreased. After treating with ig Ade 5 or 10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 3 days, the NO contents were recovered to normal state. Compared with that of the control group, the left ventricular iNOS activity of hypertrophy group was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the left ventricular cNOS activity was significantly decreased. After treating with ig Ade 10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 3 days, the iNOS activity was reduced significantly. After treating with ig Ade 5 or 10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 3 days, the cNOS activity was recovered and significantly increased. CONCLUSION\ Ade could recover the cNOS activity and inhibit the iNOS activity in left ventricular of hypertrophic heart induced by L Thy and then modulate the NO content. The therapeutic effect of Ade on cardiac hypertrophy was mediated, in part, through the NO pathway.


The characteristics of biodiesel produced can affect its susceptibility to biodegradation by microbial action, which has been of frequent concern since it leads to changes of fuel properties during storage. The goal of the present work was to compare the microbial growth in biodiesel obtained from tallow catalyzed by NaOH or KOH and purified with water or the solid adsorbent magnesium silicate. The experiment was carried out in 200 mL glass bottles containing 45 mL of mineral medium and 5 mL of each type of biodiesel (4 treatments) and 104 spores.mL–1 of the filamentous fungi Pseudallescheria boydii. The analyses were carried out during 60 days and after each 10 days it was evaluated: fungi biomass formation (dry weight); production of metabolites originated from the fungi growth (pH); variation in the amount of total esters and total glycerol in the oily phase. After 60 days it was possible to observe lower biomass formation in the biodiesel NaOH-water (576 mg) followed by biodiesel NaOH-magnesol (773 mg). The biodiesel KOH-magnesol and KOH-water favored the biomass formation (891 mg and 930 mg respectively).


Evolutionary changes in the host-virus interactome can alter the course of infection, but the biophysical and regulatory constraints that shape interface evolution remain largely unexplored. Here, we focus on viral mimicry of short host-like peptide motifs that allow binding to host domains and modulation of cellular pathways. We observe that motifs from unrelated viruses preferentially target conserved, widely expressed and highly connected host proteins, enriched with regulatory and essential functions. The interface residues within these host domains are more conserved and bind a larger number of cellular proteins than similar motif-binding domains that are not known to interact with viruses. In stark contrast, rapidly evolving viral-binding human proteins form few interactions with other cellular proteins, display high tissue specificity and their interface residues have few inter-residue contacts. Our results distinguish between highly conserved and rapidly evolving host-virus interfaces, and show how regulatory, functional and biophysical factors limit host capacity to evolve, allowing for efficient viral subversion of host machineries.


This research aims to describe and analyse 21 st century leadership in higher education. It is important to be continually studied to become an example in implementing in Indonesia higher education generally and similar higher education specifically. While for the specific aim, this research will be developing research in current leadership science. For the method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method using a qualitative approach. Primary data is obtained from informant through in-depth interview with the leaders in the Indonesia University of Education, observation and regulation documentation, while secondary data is obtained from questionnaire spread to 24 heads of department in the Indonesia University of Education. The research result shows that the competencies which must be had by the 21 st -century leader in higher education management are skills of Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, Creativity, Corporative, Integrator, Developer, Entrepreneur, or researchers abbreviate


The biological characteristics of the seed in Acer yanjuechi were studied in this paper.The result showed that the seeds were flaser and oval and made of episperm,endothelium,embryo and cotyledon,but no endosperm.The 1000-seed weight of Acer yanjuechi was 50.88g and the weight of seed coat accounted for 79.55% of the weight of whole seed.The percentage of empty and poor seeds was 63.81%,reflecting the high seed abortion.The seed viability tested by TTC method was 56.67%.The seed coat of Acer yanjuechi had the ability of penetration in a certain degree,it was not the main cause of germination inhibition.The seed which could not germinate naturally had the characteristic of deep dormancy.The extractants from outer seed coat and embryo of Acer yanjuechi by methanol could inhibit the germination of cabbage seeds,showing that the seed itself had the germination inhibitors that maybe the main cause of deep dormancy.


In recent years, the relationship between European and African countries has experienced significant changes in terms of policies and main actors involved. At the trade and development level, the Cotonou regime has put an end to the 25-year preferential agreement sealed through the Lome Conventions and paved the way to market liberalization under the auspices of the WTO. Moreover, the creation of the African Union (AU) in 2002 and a new series of EU military missions in Africa have marked a turning point for Europe-Africa relations from both a political and military point of view.


Creating documents in local languages with ease is now well established. Use of free software for this is still only rare in e-governance . However, localisation in e-governance requires much more than that. It requires fluency in use of local languages in mass usage. Mass usage implies users from desktop to web based application, from individual and closed group to mass of users, from select machines to across the board variety of OSes, from unicode compliant systems to non-unicode, from affording users to nonaffording mass users. For this to happen, an insider view of government functioning and its needs of software are essential. The localisation components will have to snugly fit into the government system, in particular into the currently used database and public interface systems. Going by the experience of the undersigned localised free/opensource has tremendous advantage in that there is the necessary freedom to adapt without costing a bomb. The national asset of software talent is worth little if it cannot or doesnot take on this challange. In the era of rising connectivity, content will be the king. Infinitely reproducible systems and applications in Indian language content may well be the kingmaker. If the national policy in IT in e-governance is aware of this need and of the specificity of this juncture, we are poised to leapfrog. If not, we will miss the bus. Internationally, people with various agendas, are watching us keenly.


PURPOSE: A battery pack is provided to obtain the insulating performance and durability of components by using an insulating unit between a battery module array and an end plate, to facilitate the configuration of cooling channels, and to improve cooling efficiency. CONSTITUTION: A battery pack comprises a battery module assembly (540) consisting of one or more battery modules; a base plate on which the battery module array is mounted; a pair of end plates (530) which supports both sides of the battery module array in a state that the lower part thereof is fixed to the base plate; an insulating member which is inserted between the battery module array and the end plate and in which one or more ribs for forming cooling channels and buffering external force on a side facing the battery module array.


1. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease‐Meta‐analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64:73‐84. 2. Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor of disease specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow‐up. Hepatology. 2015;61:1547‐1554. 3. Castera L. Diagnosis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: non‐invasive tests are enough. Liver Int. 2018;38:67‐70. 4. Poynard T, Morra R, Halfon R, et al. Meta‐analyses of FibroTest diagnosis value in chronic liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2007;7:40. 5. Munteanu M, Pais R, Peta V, et al. Long‐term prognostic value of the FibroTest in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, compared to chronic hepatitis C, B, and alcoholic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:1117‐1127. 6. Boursier J, Vergniol J, Guillet A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of blood fibrosis tests and liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;65:570‐578. 7. Vilar‐Gomez CN. Non‐invasive assessment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: clinical prediction rules and blood based biomarkers. J Hepatol. 2018;68:305‐315.