The interaction between the triplet state of the lithium dimer, (7)Li(2), with (4)He is obtained from accurate ab initio calculations where the vibrational dependence of the potential is newly computed. Vibrational quenching dynamics within a coupled-channel quantum treatment is carried out at ultralow energies, and large differences in efficiency as a function of the initial vibrational state of the targets are found as one compares the triplet results with those of the singlet state of the same target.


A control method that combines a vector resonant controller and an active disturbance rejection control controller is proposed in this article for suppressing the current harmonics of permanent magnet synchronous linear motors. First, the resonant controller is improved by changing its transfer function so that it can suppress current harmonics better. Then, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed to suppress the parameter disturbance of motors, which will adversely affect the improved resonant controller. The parameter disturbance is estimated by an extended state observer, and linear feedback control is used for disturbance compensation. The ADRC and the improved resonant controller work together to not only suppress harmonics but also improve resistance against system disturbance. Finally, a linear motor control platform is built, and experimental results are presented to verify the significance and correctness of the proposed approach.


Optical trapping is a technique for the manipulation of micrometer-ordered particles, and has features of noncontact and nondestractivity, which are inherently features of the lights1, 2). The optical trapping technique was first demonstrated by Ashkin et al.1) in 1970. The technique has been initially used to manipulate biological cells and measure motor force of molecules in biological physics3,4). Recently, it has been used to extract the internal solution from trapped microcapsels by laser ablation in micorchemistory5) and to position and move micro-objects for micromachining6).


This paper deals with the Hinfin filtering problem for uncertain linear neutral delay systems. An algebraic Riccati matrix inequality approach is proposed to design a robust Hinfin filter such that filtering systems remains asymptotically stable and satisfies a prescribed Hinfin; performance level for all admissible uncertainties. We establish the conditions under which the desired robust Hinfin filter exist, and derive the explicit expression of these filters. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed design approach


A semi-empirical interatomic potential of the Ni–W system was developed using a modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) formalism including second-nearest-neighbor interactions. The cross potential was determined by fitting physical properties of tetragonal Ni4W available in the literature. The MEAM potential was used to predict phase stabilities, lattice constants, and bulk moduli of nonequilibrium and equilibrium phases in the Ni–W system. The results were in good agreement with experimental information or first-principles calculation.


In this study, a method to extract bridge vibration components from vehicle vibration data is proposed. The aim of this technology is to accurately estimate the bridge position, to improve the accuracy of on-going monitoring. The technology of on-going monitoring is a kind of alternate inspection for bridges' status by using only data measured on a traveling vehicle. The estimation process mainly consists of three steps; 1) measuring the acceleration vibrations on the unsprung-mass points at the front and rear axes, 2) synchronizing positions of the measured data, and 3) calculating the subtraction of the two synchronized data. The applicability of this method is numerically examined, in which the RBSM and FEM are used to simulate VBI (Vehicle-Bridge Interaction) system. This numerical experiment shows that the proposed method can accurately estimate the bridge position.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of the application of iodipamide meglumine in radiography of womb and oviduct to judge whether or not the oviduct is unblocked.Methods 103 women with sterility were divided into two groups at random :52 in group A and 51 in group B.Iodoloography was used in group A While the cases were examined with iodipamide meglumine in group B.Results The rate of accuracy in group A was 88.5 %(46/52)and 86.3 %(44/51)in group B.It was of no statistical significance to compare the results of the two groups.Conclusions It is also accurate and reliable to use iodipamide meglumine in radiography of womb and oviduct to decide whether or not the oviduct is unblocked.This method can save more time and is more convenient and more clinically avalaible than iodolography.Therefore the method can be widely used clinically instead of iodolograpgy.


Objective:To study the difference between CD31 and CD34 in showing the microvessel density(MVD) of non-small lung cancer(NSCLC),and to investigate the relationship between MVD and clincopathological parameters.Methods:ElivisionTM plus immunohistochemical techinique was used to detect the expression of CD31 and CD34 in 57 cases of NSCLC.Results:The MVDs shown by CD31 and CD34 were(29.7±12.1) and(38.2±12.7) respectively,within a range of 10-61 and 19-76.The difference was significant(P0.001),but the correlation was good(P0.05).No significant difference between MVD and clinopathological parameters was observed(P0.05).Conclusions:The endothelial cell of micro-vessels can be shown by both CD31 and CD34,but CD34 is better than CD31 and is more suitable for clinical application.There is no significant difference between MVD and clinopathological parameters including metastasis of lymph node.


Abstract Although the concept of Cyber Intelligent Enteprise is largely based on Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), research in adjacent fields, like Internet of Things (IoT), is also important as it provides a valuable set of system architectures and integration techniques. The current socio-economic context provides the perfect opportunity for the development of a new breed of enterprise system architecture – Cyber Intelligent Enterprise. In order to design a generic architecture for Cyber Intelligent Enterprise system we introduce the concept of Intelligent Entity. Based on the generic architecture presented in the previous section, we propose an implementation for the "Integration Layer".


Summary It has been suggested that inadequate retail provision of food for those with a low income or who live in poor neighbourhoods may contribute to diet-related inequalities in health. This pilot project, funded through the DH Reducing Health Inequalities Research Initiative (Phase 2), investigated these issues by evaluating the health impacts of a large-scale food retail development within a deprived area of Glasgow (Springburn). It used a prospective design which compared change in diet, and self reported health in an area where a new hypermarket was built (the intervention area), with a similarly-deprived comparison area in Glasgow city (Shettleston). A postal survey was undertaken both before and 1 year after the hypermarket was built, in order to assess changes in diet, self-reported health, and perceptions of the neighbourhood. Changes in the retail structure in both areas were assessed through a before and (repeated) after shop count survey. Qualitative data on diet, the neighbourhood and the impact of the store were collected by means of focus groups. The study found little evidence that the opening of a major new hypermarket had a major effect on fruit and vegetable consumption; there were changes in the intervention area but these were similar to those in the comparison area (emphasising the need for control groups in evaluative research such as this). Over the year of the study the new store also had little effect on the retail structure in Springburn (the intervention area) compared to Shettleston (the comparison area), although the vacancy rate fell in Springburn. The main impact on the community is probably the provision of new jobs. Excluding the employment impacts, the net effect of the new Tesco Extra has been neither positive nor negative. The diet and health impacts on new store employees is an avenue for future research. In conclusion, the main public health impacts of such private sector investment in poorer areas are likely to be achieved via increases in employment opportunities, which impact upon general and psychological health, rather than directly, through changes in diet. Executive Summary Background It has been suggested that there exist poorer areas where communities have little access to an affordable and healthy diet (sometimes referred to as "food-deserts"), and that implementing strategies to improve food access in low-income areas could improve the opportunities of residents to make healthy food choices, reduce social exclusion, and improve general health. Among the strategies which has been proposed is the improvement of retail opportunities and facilities.. Certainly large stores such as superstores and hypermarkets operated by 'multiple' retailers may be able to offer a wide range of healthy food, normally at


The invention discloses a siallite-natural rubber composite material, which can be used for making natural rubber products such as tires, hoses and shoes, etc., and a preparation method thereof. The material has the advantages of low cost, tear resistance, being stretch-proof, good moisture and slide resistance, and being difficult to generate heat. The material comprises the following componentsaccording to weight proportion: 100 parts of natural rubber or natural rubber latex calculated according to stem rubber; 10 to 60 parts of siallite; 0.1 to 2.0 parts of coupling agent, 0.1 to 1.5 parts of crosslinking agent and other processing agent. The preparation method comprises steps that: the natural rubber is used as a raw material; the siallite is evenly dispersed on the natural rubber in routine combining, mixing or coprecipitating processes to make the siallite-natural rubber composite material; the composite material can be vulcanized by adopting routine technique.


Vapour deposited metallophthalocyanines (VoPC, NiPC, SnPC, TiPC, FePC, InPC) were inserted as thin p-type buffer layers into organic solar cells consisting of regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester in order to modify the band alignment for enhanced photovoltaic responses. It is observed that the VoPC, NiPC and SnPC show higher efficiencies in both ∼5 nm and ∼10 nm thicknesses of film when coated on a PEDOT:PSS layer. The observations were an enhanced efficiency with a maximum JSC value of 14.80 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.60, and FF of 51% with a conversion efficiency of 3.61% in the case of ∼5 nm thick VoPC, while the ∼5 nm thick NiPC shows a JSC value of 11.15 mA cm−2 with 3.13% efficiency, and similarly the ∼10 nm thick NiPC has a JSC value of 8.98 mA cm−2 with overall efficiency of 2.52%. However, the TiPC, FePC and InPC show poor efficiencies even lower than those of the usual bulk-heterojunction solar cells with deposition of either a ∼5 nm or a 10 nm buffer layer. The enhanced efficiency in VoPC, NiPC and SnPC may be the result of extended absorption, high transparency, planar porphyrin complex orientation and holding p-type properties to transfer the hole efficiently towards the anodes, with additionally a better bicontinuous interpenetrating network with vapour deposited layers, which greatly reduces the exciton loss and improves the charge transport capability.


To expatiate the feasibility of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines integrating into Chinese EPI and the foundation of immunization schedule from immunity,protecting,permanence and safety of A and A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines.Research materials proved the well immunity,safety,and efficiency of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine used currently;the schedule of base immunization and supplement immunization was scientific and feasible.


1. A case of traumatic aneurysm in the popliteal fossa after a lateral meniscectomy is described. 2. Relevant factors in the surgical anatomy of the inferior genicular artery are discussed. 3. The value and limitations of angiography of the popliteal artery are considered. 4. Treatment is governed by the degree of involvement of the popliteal artery. In the case described cure of the aneurysm was obtained by endo-aneurysmorrhaphy.


We introduce a novel type of cw green laser source, the Protera 532, based on the intracavity frequency doubling of an extended-cavity, surface-emitting diode laser. The distinguishing characteristics of this platform are high compactness and efficiency in a stable, single-longitudinal mode with beam quality M2 < 1.2. The laser design is based on the previously reported NECSEL architecture used for 488nm lasers, and includes several novel features to accommodate different types of nonlinear optical materials. The infrared laser die wavelength is increased from 976nm to 1064nm without compromising performance or reliability. The intracavity frequency doubling to 532nm has been demonstrated with both bulk and periodically poled nonlinear materials, with single-ended cw power outputs of greater than 30 mW.


In the article on the example of the straightener blade made of polymer composite materials, discusses the advantages of using the method of microfocus X-ray for nondestructive testing of aviation products. Described basic types of defects characteristics occurring in a similar type parts both during their manufacture and during their operation, namely, interlayer delamination, pores and wrinkles. Peculiarities of microfocus X-ray are shown, which is the use of radiation sources with a focal spot size of less than 100 μm. These features make it possible to increase the details and therefore, to minimize the size of detected defects in transmission. On the basis of experimental studies were defined radiographic signs of major types of defects, typical for products made of polymeric composite materials. Calculated time costs of personnel required for high-resolution X-ray recording and evaluation of test results.


Aromatic carbonyl compounds are efficiently converted into the corresponding benzoic acids under mild reaction conditions by employing N-bromoimide and mercuric acetate in good to excellent yields....


Femoral hernias are less common overall than inguinal hernias. They occur more commonly in women than men. Clinically, they present as a palpable lump below and lateral to the pubic tubercle. They can be difficult to distinguish clinically from inguinal hernias and therefore it is recommended that all groin hernias in women should be referred urgently to the surgeons. InnovAiT article: Abdominal hernias. DOI: 10.1177/ 17557380211001890.


Objective: Our objective was to evaluate, through the analysis of the 'business model,' the strategy of a public agricultural research company for the creation and launch of an innovation for the agro-industrial coffee chain. Method: We developed a single instrumental case study for the qualitative research.  For data collection we used bibliographic and documentary research, as well as in-depth interviews and analyzed based on the thematic content analysis technique.  The instrumental case study has proved to be the most suitable methodology since it is used when a particular case is examined to provide information on an issue that can be generalized and used to understand a larger reality. Originality/relevance: In this paper we reexamined an unsuccessful innovation case associated with the lens of the business model theoretical construct.   This paper is willing to raise issues that restrict innovation in public research companies. Results: The paper unveiled difficulties related to the inconsistency of innovation promotion policies and legal uncertainty, in particular, by the contradictory positions of legal advisors, which inhibit researchers from engaging in innovative activities and in partnerships with private companies. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The instrumental case study developed, together with the analysis based on the construct of the business model, allowed a better understanding of the problems faced in public research environments in Brazil.  This analysis can be applied to similar cases, since the issue of innovation in the public sector and the difficulties of appropriateness are common to other companies.


This paper discusses the issue of social media skills using a literacy framework. Firstly, it argues that social media skills are a form of vernacular, or 'everyday', literacy and articulates the issues associated with trying to formalise these skills within the curriculum. Secondly, it calls for greater explicit attention to social media skills within higher education, by arguing that social media literacies are a part of new literacies. It evaluates QUT's "Create a Better Online You" suite of social media resources in light of this framework, and discusses the role of libraries in addressing social media skills.


Operating within the complex tradition of just war theorizing Michael Walzer has made an impressive attempt to bring most aspects of warfare within the I compass of moral judgment. Against the 'realists' who, like Clausewitz, argue > that it is in the nature of war to have no moral limits, Walzer has recourse to I history, law and literature to show how that claim appears always to have been ( at odds with the efforts at justification or explanation of warfare's participants and observers. Even the hypocrisy of so much moral rhetoric about war is put to telling effect: 'The clearest evidence for the stability of our values over time is the unchanging character of the lies soldiers and statesmen tell. They lie in I order to justify themselves, and so they describe for us the lineaments of justice' (p. 19). Walzer is concerned both with the causes that make resort to war morally • legitimate (in traditional terms, the 'jus ad bellum') and the moral constraints j upon the conduct of war (the 'jus in bello'). His version of/us ad bellum is a theory , of aggression in which the principal conceptual device is what he calls 'the legalist paradigm'; for the jus in bello, Walzer turns to what he calls 'the war convention', an assortment of moral principles, standing arrangements, expectations, and legal agreements that form the 'rules of war'. There is a tension between the requirement of fighting effectively, imposed by the theory of aggression, and the requirement of fighting morally, imposed by the war convention. The doctrine of military necessity resolves the tension in favour of the former but Walzer resolves it in favour of the latter except in a case of 'supreme emergency'. > The discussion of aggression builds upon a domestic analogy: just as citizens in a nation have rights which it is criminal to infringe, so states themselves have rights which can also be criminally violated. These rights are somehow a function • of the 'common life' of citizens, the fostering and protection of which gives a [ state legitimacy. The right to war is the right to resist aggression; aggression being, for Walzer, the name for any 'violation of the territorial integrity or ! political sovereignty of an independent state' (p. 52) and it is 'the only crime that states can commit against other states: everything else is, as it were, a misdemeanour' (p. 51). Walzer interprets 'violation' in terms of the use of force— ' boundary crossings, invasions and the like—or the imminent prospect of such force. i From this, Walzer draws a number of important conclusions: (1) That it is the nature of aggression to justify armed resistance to the death. , If this were not so, aggression would be a less serious crime, but it is so serious (and so undifferentiated) just because aggression is 'morally as well as physically coercive' (p. 53).


Abstract This study addresses the acquisition of referential expressions in pre-schoolers' narratives in Estonian. A total of sixteen 6- to 7-year-old typically developing monolingual Estonian children were tested using the story "Baby Goat" from the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) (Gagarina, Natalia, Klop, Daleen, Kunnari, Sari, Tantele, Koula, Välimaa, Taina, Balciuniene, Ingrida, Bohnacker, Ute and Walters, Joel. 2012. "MAIN: Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 56, 1–140, Gagarina, Natalia, Klop, Daleen, Kunnari, Saru, Tantele, Koula, Välimaa, Taina, Bohnacker, Ute and Walters, Joel. 2019. "MAIN: Multilingual assessment instrument for narratives – Revised." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 63). The objective was to understand how children introduce a new referent and how they maintain referents in their storytelling, and what correlation could be observed between the length of the story and the average length of the reference chain. Qualitative analyses revealed that children generally introduced new referents using bare nouns; they also generally used bare nouns for further reference. NPs consisting of a noun and a determiner were more frequently used for main characters in the story, while bare nouns were preferred for other characters. The influence of the typological character of Estonian can be observed in the use of zero references and pragmatically driven word order in children's utterances. In general, the length but not the complexity of the story was correlated with the average number of reference units in a chain.


Bituminous coals are able to transfer chemically bound hydrogen to suitable substances. This ability shall be used to improve the product quality in the pyrolysis of plastic waste towards higher yields of stable and saturated oils. First, the H-donor properties of bituminous coals are investigated qualitatively by means of model compounds with different functional groups in order to observe, which structures are able to react with coal. Quantitative data of the H-transfer, e. g. the disposable amount and its dependence from temperature and rank of coal are determined with highly effective H-acceptors like sulphur and benzophenone. Additionally, a comparison with known H-donors is carried out. Pyrolysis experiments with mixtures of coal and plastic waste demonstrate scope and limitations of the method.


In the appliancation of vision inspect technology, it is complicated and important to locate the vision sensor in three-dimension coordinate system. To measure the error of automotive figure and location, the numbers of sensors are positioned through adjusting the characteristic figure of the auto gathered by the vision sensor to the preconcerted standard figure in the computer. The graphical location technology is presented, especially the methods of evaluating the repeatability. Commpared with other schemes, the least square method is adopted. Theory analysis and a mass of experiments indicate that the repeatability of three-dimensional graphical location technology is 0.035 mm, which is 3 times less than other methods, and the rate of location is increased more than ten times.


Conclusions In 48 human subjects with acute leukemia treated with folic acid antagonists, there were 9 of the 25 subjects who responded to therapy who had an initial thrombocytopenia. In 8 cases of acute leukemia there was a return of the blood platelets to normal levels and the megakaryocytes became more numerous in the bone marrow. In one other patient the platelets became elevated to slightly less than normal. The rise in platelets was usually followed by an increase in neutrophilic leukocytes. The regeneration of the red cells and hemoglobin then gradually responded. The periods of remission varied from 21 to 240 days.


We present a new hybrid remapping (conservative interpolation) algorithm for multimaterial Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods. The hybrid remapping is performed in two steps. In the rst step, only nodes of the grid that lie inside subdomains occupied by single materials are moved. At this stage, computationally cheap swept-region remapping is used. In the second step, nodes that are vertices of mixed cells (cells containing several materials) and vertices of some cells in the buer zone around mixed cells are moved. At this stage, intersection-based remapping is used. This new approach results in an improved eciency of remapping for multimaterial ALE methods. We demonstrate the performance of our new method for both structured and unstructured polygonal grids in two dimensions, as well as for cell-centered and staggered discretizations.


The author uses population projections based on 1970 fertility and mortality data for regions of Yugoslavia to predict the effects of changes in fertility on the age and occupational structures of the population. An attempt is made to determine the impact on the countrys future social structure (SUMMARY IN ENG) (ANNOTATION)


Melanoma and the nonmelanoma skin cancers arise from normal cells in the epithelial layer of the skin. Risk factors for skin cancers are complex and involve numerous inherited, environmental, and biological factors including selenoproteins that are involved in the response of the skin to UV-induced oxidative stress. Results from epidemiological studies of dietary, environmental, and supplemental sources of selenium suggest that in some cases selenium reduces, but in other cases increases, the risk for skin cancer in humans. Studies in model systems using compounds that can enter the "central selenium pool", thereby supporting the synthesis of selenoproteins, have also been mixed. It seems likely that there is a U-shaped curve for selenium intake and skin cancer risk, where the risk is highest at both deficient (<20 µg per day) and supranutritional levels.


dumbells, barbells, and other early resistance apparati in unexpected Halteres varied greatly in appearance and composition during the era modern historians refer to as Ancient Greece. A cordplaces. In some instances, the printed references were surprising because of the early date at which they were published. In other ing to John Blundell's The Muscles and Their Story, published in 1864, the author, Pausanius, "described the halteres as of roundish instances, the references surprised me because of the manner in which the implements were used. After searching unsuccessfully for or oblong figure, not perfectly round and that in using them the fin-


PHOTONS is the french component of the AERONET sun-photometer network which provides globally distributed near-real-time observations of aerosol spectral optical depth and sky radiance as well as derived parameters such as particle size distributions, single-scattering albedo and complex refractive index. Now more than 12 years of worldwide distributed data from the network of ground-based radiometers are available. These data are best suited to reliably and continuously derive the detailed aerosol optical properties in key locations. Mid 2007, about 40 sites mainly located in France, Europe, Africa as well as in Asia are managed by PHOTONS. Since 2001, the network also contributes to passive/active sensors synergies. Several sites in France, western as well as eastern Europe, sometimes in connection with EARLINET, are equipped with both lidar system and sun-photometer dedicated to aerosol and cloud observations. These synergies will be enhanced in the future mainly within the context of A-Train experience. In this paper, we provide a general description of PHOTONS network activities and facilities, and present recent results both on instrumental side (development on new sun-photometer, vicarious calibration methods), on scientific side (A-Train mission validation like aerosol retrieval algorithms of PARASOL) and aerosols retrieval from ground-based measurements method.


A recently introduced Radio Ranging system can measure up to four independent ranges and also provides data which is indicative of the quality of the ranging signals. This increased information from the radio positioning system creates an opportunity to employ advanced automatic data processing to reliably detect and correct lane count errors. This paper presents the results of recent efforts by Cubic Western Data to optimally process range data using Kalman filter techniques to establish the most probable position and most probable lane count errors under adverse ranging conditions. The method of processing is described and the results of field tests are presented. The results indicate the potential for more reliable accurate long-range positioning for surveys and construction while reducing down time and the need for backup positioning systems and techniques to confirm lane counts.


In order to address the problem of the validity of the "background field approximation", we introduce a dynamical model for a mirror described by a massive quantum field. We then analyze the properties of the scattering of a massless field from this dynamical mirror and compare the results with the corresponding quantities evaluated using the original Davies Fulling model in which the mirror is represented by a boundary condition imposed on the massless field at its surface. We show that in certain circumstances, the recoils of the dynamical mirror induce decoherence effects which subsist even when the mass of the mirror is sent to infinity. In particular we study the case of the uniformly accelerated mirror and prove that, after a certain lapse of proper time, the decoherence effects inevitably dominate the physics of the quanta emitted forward. Then, the vanishing of the mean flux obtained in the Davies Fulling model is no longer found but replaced by a positive incoherent flux.


Lecturing is a traditional method for teaching in discipline-based teaching
environments and its success in legal discipline depends upon its alignment
with learner backgrounds, learning objectives and the lecturing approaches
utilised in the classes. In a situation where students do not have any prior
knowledge of the given discipline that requires a particular lecturing
approach, a mismatch in such an alignment would place learner knowledge
acquisition into a challenging situation. From this perspective, this study
tests the suitability of two dominant lecturing approaches—the case and the
law-based lecturing approaches. It finds that a lecturer should put more
emphasis on the case-based approach while lecturing to non-law background
business students at the postgraduate level, provided that such an emphasis
should be relative to the cognitive ability of the students and their motivation
for learning law units.


The invention relates to an underwater power plant comprising - an electric generator; - a bidirectional anstrombare, co-circulating water turbine having a plurality of turbine blades, which have over at least part of its longitudinal extent a drop-shaped profile. The invention is characterized in that - the water turbine includes a passive blade angle adjustment mechanism for the turbine blades, each turbine blade is assigned a pivot axis, which lies between the incident flow profile nose and the threading of the hydrodynamic centers.


Abstract There are strong arguments for both the composition-based and returns-based approach to style analysis. Several studies have used these techniques for the purpose of identifying unit trusts that are misclassified in terms of their category. By expanding on a well-established technique, this study investigates whether substituting composition-based style factor returns in a returns-based style analysis framework is able to support the findings of the returns-based style analysis. While both techniques of style analysis are capable of identifying misclassified funds they only give partially consistent results. The technique prevents a fund from being reclassified in terms of a returns-based style analysis if such a reclassification is not supported by a composition-based style analysis.


This article is essentially divided into two main sections. Initially, it purports to offer an analysis of the Cyprus Trust regime, demonstrating it is an ideal location for asset management and tax optimization, especially after the introduction of the International Trust (Amending) Law 2012. Secondly, we will engage in an examination of the new Trust Registry Law. This article seeks to demonstrate that lawmakers have struck an ideal balance between the need for accountability and the aim for wealth optimisation for those who choose the Cyprus Trust as an asset and tax management vehicle. Anidealbalancebetweentheneedforaccountabilityand the aim for wealth optimisation


In most work on development during the 1950s and 1960s, the role of agriculture was either ignored or given secondary consideration to industry. Recently, however, stagnation in agriculture combined with the realization that industry has not been able to provide jobs for displaced rural peasants have led to a re-evaluation of the role that the agricultural sector can play in development. Indeed to some degree there has been a 180-degree shift, as agriculture is often looked to as the prime focus for growth and development. Guatemalan policy reflects this change. The 1971-75 Plan (Guatemala 1970) gave some mention to agriculture but it was far from a major emphasis. But for the 1979-1982 period, agriculture is seen as a key sector and the move from selfsufficiency to market-oriented production is seen as a means of raising rural wages, incomes, and productivity (Guatemala 1978, p. 43). Guatemala's agricultural policies respond to recommendations of the 1976 IDB/IBRD/ AID sector study of Guatemalan agriculture.' Central to our concern is the emphasis placed on domestic grain production. The report identifies lagging basic grain production as one of Guatemala's most serious economic problems and suggests expanded grain acreage and improved grain production techniques as the means of increasing output. This highlights the role of middle-sized and small farms, for it is there that most staple grain is planted, while the larger farms grow cash crops for export.


The paradox of aging, that is, improvedmental wellbeing despite diminished physical and cognitive capacities, is particularly evident in those aging with mental illness (Jeste et al., 2011). For many older adults, psychiatric symptoms are not the primary cause of impairment in function and quality of life, and efforts to address accelerated biological aging in mental illnesses are critical for geriatric psychiatry care. Frailty has recently been proposed for psychiatry as a clinical measure of biological age (Bersani et al., 2020). Frailty is a multidimensional construct that broadly refers to a state of increased vulnerability to stressors and can be described along a continuum of functional capacity, from robust at one end to experiencing disability in basic activities of daily living at the other (Dent et al., 2019). The two most common constructs used to assess frailty are the physical phenotype, originally characterized by Fried et al. (2001), that includes assessing five items—unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and low levels of physical activity; and the deficit accumulation model or Frailty Index, originally proposed by Rockwood et al. (1999), that characterizes frailty on the basis of an accumulation of health conditions and deficits. Frailty is a leading contributor to functional decline and early mortality in the general aging population. However, at a prevalence of roughly 10-11% of adults over 65 years (Collard et al., 2012), frailty is not an obligatory consequence of aging and many individuals may continue to be robust into old age. While frailty is an area of current focus in geriatric medicine, its etiology is still subject to debate, and it is less well recognized in geriatric psychiatry. In this issue of IPG, Aprahamian et al. (2020) assessed physical frailty of geriatric psychiatry inpatients aged 65+ years using the FRAIL scale (an approximation of the physical phenotype) and the Frailty Index. They found that 55.3% of the sample was frail according to the physical phenotype and 83.6% according to the Frailty Index. These numbers are striking compared to the general aging population. There are several reasons why frailty may be disproportionally represented in older adults aging with mental illness. Long-term risk factors for frailty include overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, cardiovascular risk, poor self-rated health, and alcohol use (Dent et al., 2019)—risk factors that are known to commonly occur in those with mental illness. Somatic comorbidities associated with these poor lifestyle behaviors are high in older adults with mental illnesses and are responsible for a large mortality gap compared to the general aging population. Though frailty and multimorbidity are mutually inclusive, they are considered separate constructs, with the proportion of communitydwelling older adults presenting both conditions around 6%, and approximately 42% of those with multimorbidity still considered "robust" (Vetrano et al., 2019). Thus, it is unlikely that frailty is purely the result of the high multimorbidity in those aging with mental illness. Frailty prevalence is also elevated in populations with less education, low socioeconomic position, and ethnic minority groups, which aligns with the well-known socioeconomic disparity associated with mental illnesses. Many of these factors relate to the living environment, which is now being recognized as a determinant of the Healthspan. Byrne et al. (2013) found that the concentration of persons with serious mental illness within a neighborhood's adult population was associated with higher levels of physical and structural inadequacy, crime, drugrelated activity, social instability, and social isolation. Such factorsmay reduce the life space and limit community participation and social interactions. In addition, behavioral phenomena commonly associated with mental illnesses, such as physical anergia, avolition, and apathy, further impact the activities in which an individual chooses to participate. While these behavioral symptoms share overlap with some diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5, this does not necessarily invalidate them as risk factors for frailty. Apathy has been independently associated with the development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults (Ayers et al., 2017), and exhaustion is often one of the initial manifestations of frailty criteria. It is plausible that lifestyles characterized by these environmental constraints and behavioral antecedents result in phenotypic rigidity versus adaptability of those with mental illnesses, which in turn predisposes these individuals to becoming frail. Other groups in addition to Aprahamian et al. (2020) have demonstrated the importance of International Psychogeriatrics (2022), 34:11, 955–957 © International Psychogeriatric Association 2021


Fullerene C60 submicrotubes(FSMTs) were synthesized by liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method(LLIP) with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) as good solvent for the first time.Morphology and structures of the FSMTs were characterized by polarizing optical microscopy(POM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).It was found that the FSMTs had an average outer diameter about 1.5 μm,inner diameter of about 1 μm,and the wall thickness of about 250 nm.The length of the FSMTs was up to 100 μm long and thus their aspect ratio(length/width) was estimated to be up to 66.The FSMTs had a symmetrical hexagonal pore structure with single-crystal wall and high tubular content upping to 80%.


The authors are employed in the School of Communication at Point Park University, Pittsburgh, PA where they, among others, teach the introductory course in the School of Communication: Introduction to Mass Communication . This paper investigates an innovative way of teaching Introduction to Mass Communication at Point Park University Students who are enrolled in the fall semester of each academic year are instructed according to the team teaching method which means students receive instruction from several instructors. During the team-taught fall sections, each instructor teaches his/her area of expertise for roughly three weeks, then proceeds to a new classroom and teaches the same lectures again for three weeks before moving on to the next classroom. This allows students to meet five of the professors in the school and hear their real-life experiences and stories. Students sometimes express difficulty with switching teachers every three weeks. During the spring semester the class is taught with one instructor covering the entire textbook.


Educational and vocational guidance may be defined as a process of assisting pupils to select and to become informed about that occupational field which is consonant with their demonstrated aptitudes, interests, and experiences, and to secure training, in line with this choice, up to the limit of their educability.' This process of guidance calls for (i) the diagnosis of aptitudes and interests by means of interviews, case histories, work experiences, and psychological tests; (2) giving the pupils an adequate understanding of occupational trends and of the qualifications needed for, and the nature of the work in, a particular field; (3) curricular guidance in the selection of the type of training and specific courses of study which will lead to adequate vocational skill in line with aptitudes and interests; and (4) scholastic motivation and the alleviation of distracting or interfering conditions which would prevent or nullify adequate vocational training. The second of these objectives can be accomplished through books, interviews, and work experiences. Motivation can be achieved through adequate counseling by teachers trained in the case-work method and in mental hygiene and possessed of an understanding of objective means of diagnosing aptitudes and interests. The realization of such a program of counseling is contingent on certain basic conditions within the school system and on the relation of the schools to industry in general. These basic factors are continuity of counseling as pupils progress in the educational system and co-ordination of all personnel agencies in the elementary school, high school, college, trade school, and industry. The curriculum must be flexible enough to allow for specific adjustment to the vocational and


The agricultural sector, particularly the rice farming system (SUT) is very vulnerable to climate variability and change. SUT that rely heavily on water will be easily affected by climate variability and change when the water supply deficit of needs that should be. SUT is still dominant in the food supply in Indonesia, so the shock of farming due to extreme climate events will have a major impact on food security. Many findings indicate that the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events will increase as a result of global warming. Extreme climate events dominant occur in center of rice production in West Java like Indramayu is drought. Approximately 80°/o of the causes of the rice harvest failed in the district of Indramayu is the incidence of droughts. Farmers as the main actors receive large impacts due to drought is expected to be increasingly difficult to develop the farm. It is therefore necessary to have protection program for farmers from the impact of climate events such climate extrim. One option is starting a lot of feasibility is Climate Index Insurance. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the implementation of the climate index insurance system in Indramayu. Analysis step is performed include (i) preparation of endemic drought maps are required as the basis in determining the priority areas of climate risk management and (ii) the determination of climate index value (threshold value) to be used as an index into the determination of the value of insurance claims. This study found that climate indices that can be used for the three villages at high risk of drought is high rainfall during the dry season. Index value for the three villages is 168 mm, 248 mm and 472 mm for Cikedung, lelea and Terisi. Potential applications of Climate Index Insurance for rice SUT in Indramayu is high because about 90°/o of the people are rice farmers. Besides benefit of rice farming is also quite large with B/C from 1.4 to 1.8 during the wet season and 1.2 to 1.7 on the dry season, so the expected ability to pay insurance premiums high enough.


Lung disease has been reported by World Health Organization (WHO) to have caused 2.77% of total death in Malaysia and is the 6th main cause of death which includes interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILD causes alteration and fibrosis in the lungs leading to breathing complications and can be diagnosed and analyzed using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Previous study has developed a robust CAD-based system that segments lungs on five levels determined by radiologists. This study is an extension of previous study and focus on the performance evaluation in three dimension (3D) with the segmentation done on all slices of the HRCT lung data. The automated segmentation system shows better results when performance evaluation is done in 3D with Dice's similarity coefficient at 98.32%. Moreover, 3D rendering of lungs and its volume can aid radiologist and medical personnel in diagnosis and analysis of lung diseases.


Energy conversion of multiphoton nonlinear Compton effect in the coneshaped extraintense stationary laser field was given by the inelastic collision model of relativistic electron and photon,and relativistic electricity theory.The conclusions of raising energy conversion efficiency have been worked out by photon nonlinear Compton effect of highenergy electrons with photons.


Rough set theory is a new mathematical tool to deal with imprecise,incomplete and inconsistent knowledge.Attribute reduction is one of important aspect on rough set theory.The attribute dimension of information table can be decreased with attribute reduction.Under many cases information system is incomplete.In this paper,attribute reduction of incomplete decision table is discussed based on consistent relation.


Our Gulf Coast region is, in a sense, magical. It is widely thought to hold the most important oil and gas reserves of the lower 48 United States--found and unfound. This northern limb of a continuously evolving petroliferous basin may be the finest place in the world to observe and confirm the workings of an active oil and gas-making system. Not only is it remarkably accessible, but the quantity and variety of information available are probably unmatched anywhere. A few simple, but vital, principles may help to explain the Gulf Coast magic. Those who know the Gulf Coast are qualified to judge the validity of the reasoning. Attention centers on interactive sediment-fluid relationships characteristic of shelf and hinge-line situations. Differential compaction, subsidence, growth-faulting, diapirism, and abnormal pressures are relevant to water movement. The hydrologic interplay of offshore compaction effluent and onshore meteoric recharge enhances the entrapment of water-borne materials (especially hydrocarbons) in the coastal belt. Probably, the same magic can be projected backward (and forward) in the geologic history of the Gulf Coast province, explaining many of the inland productive trends paralleling the present coastal belt. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1436------------


This paper deals with the results of investigations of factor influencing the regional variation of yield stability of the paddy rice crop. The following factors were taken into consideration, i. e., climatic conditions, atmospheric damages, soil conditions, irrigation systems, insect and disease injuries, intensity of farm management, percentage of farmers having side jobs, size of farm management, and the proportion of paddy fields to the whole farm. These various factors were closely related to the yield stability of each region respectively.


Computational mechanics are based on numerical methods and high-performance computers while artificial intelligence (AI) tools are based on knowledgebases. A new concept on structural analysis by using AI technique is presented in this paper. A fully artificial intelligence approach has some significant meanings: 1) The field of computational mechanics should include problems which shows very complicated phenomenal behavior, but have low degree of freedom. 2) An approach supporting the conceptual design stage of structures should provide a very flexible simulation capability of structural behavior. Artificial intelligence tools will provide some solutions to these. The purpose of this research is to investigate the benefits derived from the application of an artificial intelligence approach to structural analysis fields. A prototype knowledge-based system, called OOTA (Object-Oriented Truss Analysis), is developed to analyze me truss structures. Since the system does not use any numerical method, the computation requires much time. But, it provides many advantages for small but complex problems including material and geometric nonlinearlities.


parents participate in the labor force, to live in poverty, to use drugs, or, eventually, to commit suicide. These trends, and their likely serious implications for the success of at-risk children in the future, are the motivation for this book. Using the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics (specifically, a 21-year sample of approximately 1,700 children born between 1962 and 1968), Haveman and Wolfe broadly examine the links between parental and social investments in children and later achievement by those children. This book is well written, offers an excellent review of the literature, and contributes significantly to our understanding of factors that influence "child outcomes" (specific milestones of children's life courses, such as education and employment events). The first three chapters of this eight-chapter book provide introduction and background. Chapter 1 is the introduction proper. Chapter 2 discusses the investment-in-children theoretical framework implemented for the empirical analysis, and Chapter 3 provides a review of theoretical perspectives and previous empirical research on the determinants of children's success. Beginning with some simple cross-tabulations, the fourth chapter sets the stage for the more detailed empirical analysis of each child outcome. The outcomes examined are high school graduation, completed years of schooling, years of post-secondary education, out-ofwedlock births and subsequent welfare receipt, and economic inactivity. The following three chapters focus on the determinants of educational attainment, out-of-wedlock childbearing (and welfare receipt), and economic inactivity, respectively. The empirical results presented in these chapters are concisely summarized in the concluding chapter. The strongest consistent finding for each of the child outcomes is the large beneficial impact of parental education. Some of the results regarding economic circumstances are surprising. For example, the effect of living in a family in poverty is negative yet quantitatively small, and the effect of the number of years the mother worked is positive and quantitatively large for high school graduation. Haveman and Wolfe's study contributes to the existing literature on children's well-being in a number of ways. First, the authors integrate theoretical and empirical perspectives of both sociologists and developmental psychologists into their economic framework. Second, this inclusive approach allows them to use complementary data sources to examine neighborhood factors as well as other factors: family background, economic resources, and sources of child stress such as parental discord. Third, their empirical approach considers a variety of modeling techniques. These techniques address the potential simultaneity of decisions, such as the decisions to complete high school and to undertake post-secondary schooling. They also account for the effects of timing; for example, a mother's decision to work may affect her children differently depending on their age. The empirical discussion considers not only the sign and statistical significance of various factors, but also their economic significance. Simulations further examine the change in magnitudes. In the fourth chapter, the authors also note the presence of nonlinearities in the relationships they study. For example, the relationship between the number of years that a child lives with a single parent from the age of 6 to 15 and the probability of high school graduation is not monotonic. The discussion of nonlinearities and the simulations are particularly relevant for policy. While the authors specify that their research is guided by a concern for policy, the discussion of policy implications is brief. In addition, the book does not always successfully meet the challenge of accommodating a wide audience of social scientists; noneconomists may be frustrated by terms left undefined or loosely defined, and economists may find some of the detail repetitive. These shortcomings are slight, however, and this book should be a welcome addition to the library of any social scientist concerned with children's well-being. The authors' focus on children as America's future "human capital" is timely given the current criticism that reformers fail to consider the detrimental future consequences of their initiatives on America's younger generation. The study's findings serve as an essential starting point for further analysis and open the door to many future research topics.


The article considers the classification of rituals given by Arnold Van Gennep. The superstitions connecting with rites of birth and baptism, wedding, death and funeral are analyzed based on the presented classification.


We designed a protocol with the goal of improving the disease free and overall survival of patients with previously untreated Stage IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The regimen consisted of intensive induction chemotherapy followed shortly thereafter by radiation therapy.


Abstract : This survey reveals that the five functioning automatic association programs existing today in the world, even though they were developed separately in independent institutions, all operate according to the same general schema. Different algorithms and strategies do appear in the event refinement process, and seem to use as much of the attributes of the data as possible to exclude misassociations and false alarms. Recommendations are made for the SDAC AA and ADAPS to use as many of these algorithms as can be supported by the data.


Abstract Caryocystites has five peri-oral plates, as in other members of the superfamily, and a primitive stem with five pentameres. Evolutionary trends include addition of ambulacra, greater regularity in plate distribution and increasing complexity in the development of respiratory pores. In Caryocystites thorslundi n.sp. young specimens have only four primary circlets of thecal plates; the peri-oral, peri-gonal, periproctal and basal. Thecal enlargement was accomplished by accretional growth of primary plates and the addition of new thecal plates intercalated between the original four plate circlets. Caryocystites evolved in the early Middle Ordoviciap and became extinct at the end of the Ordovician. The morphology and evolutionary trends are similar to those of the other caryocystitids. Seven species from Sweden are described morphologically and taxonomically, including three new ones (C. valdari, C. rugosus, C. thorslundi).


The role in a comprehensive safety program of self-report data regarding threat, error, countermeasures, and consequences related to operational incidents is discussed. Discussion highlights the capability of incident related data, supplied by operational personnel using a new tool, to inform integrated analyses and support organizational interventions. Crew member narratives and responses to structured questions regarding demographics, circumstances, behaviors, outcomes, and corrective action proposals capture the complexity of individual events while facilitating tracking of behavioral and systemic trends. Results of questionnaire field testing by safety investigators during flight crew debriefings are presented within the framework of a threat and error model.


Japanese imperialism repeatedly preached ethnic harmony and ethnic equality to the ethnic policy of Manchukuo. But in fact,it adopted ruthless political oppression and economic domination to the northeast Chinese original nation,especially in economic aspect.The difference of economic treatment between the northeast Chinese original nation and Japanese nation was significant.It not only grew apart the relationship of nations,but made the livelihood of the northeast Chinese original nation extremely suffering.


Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) has been grown in India since ancient time and it is also known as green gram and golden gram. It is another important short duration, predominantly rainy season pulse crop grown in many part of India. It is a short duration pulse crop which can be grown as catch crop between rabi and kharif seasons. During summer, it can also be used as a green manure crop. Being a leguminous crop, it has the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Its green plants are used as fodder after removing the mature pods. It is a short duration crop therefore has less water requirement as International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 3 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Chairman's words:Philosophy and culture are close, so cultural philosophy penetrates some cultural phenomena to give a general grasp of human history and reality. In recent 20 years some results have been achieved in the research of cultural philosophy in China. To deepen the cultural philosophy both in theory and practice, a conversation by writing has been held. Yi Jun-qing puts three sources of demonstrated culture and history, model ideology and theory as well as realistic culture and criticism in his paper Theoretical Resources of Developing Cultural Philosophy. In my paper The Wholeness: an Important Issue of Cultural Philosophy we should understand cultural philosophy in the perspective of human cultural practice as a whole. Tang Shao-jie surveys the issue of "cultural memory" in his paper Cultural Reflection and Social Memory. Dr. Wang Hai-yang discusses some problems of cultural philosophy caused by cultural practice from the Internet at present.


Hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid adenoma is one of causes of hypercalcemia. Majority of parathyroid adenoma cases are found incidentally. We report a male patient aged 40 years, asymptomatic, who is undergoing routine laboratory examinations to extend his work contract. On examination we found an increase in calcium levels and parathyroid hormone levels. Then MSCT examination showed bilateral parathyroid adenoma. The diagnosis pathway and proper treatment for parathyroid adenoma can be challenging and problematic owing to inability of standard imaging to detect small enlargement of parathyroid glands. MSCT has the advantage of being able to detect small parathyroid lesions that cannot be detected by simple imaging modalities. Parathyroidectomy is the definitive treatment for adenoma parathyroid.

Keywords: Hypercalcemia, parathyroid, asymptomatic.


In a randomised crossover study, we compared times and success rates for tracheal placement of a fibrescope and railroading of a tracheal tube through the classic laryngeal mask airway by anaesthetists with limited experience in fibreoptic intubation (trainees) and those who were experts. Thirty‐two patients, 32 trainees and three experts took part. The median (IQR [range]) times to fibrescope placement for trainees and experts were 21 (18–30 [12–58]) s and 17 (14–24 [9–55]) s, respectively (95% CI for the difference 2–8 s; p = 0.023). There were no significant differences between trainees and experts in the times to placement of the laryngeal mask airway (41 (33–47 [31–105]) s and 36 (33–43 [30–52]) s, respectively; p = 0.24), railroading times (43 (40–58 [33–87]) s and 44 (38–57 [31–83]) s, respectively; p = 0.96) and total intubation time (114 (97–127 [80–213]) s and 95 (89–116 [74–139]) s, respectively; p = 0.13). There was no significant difference in the number of attempts needed for successful placement of the fibrescope (p = 0.12) and railroading the tracheal tube (p = 0.22). The differences between experts and trainees when using fibrescope assisted intubation via the classic laryngeal mask airway were not clinically important.


This study shows experimentally and numerically that optical pumping of the semiconductor microresonator up to its lasing threshold increases the soliton stability range and reduces the light intensity necessary to sustain the solitons thereby diminishing destabilizing thermal effect. This paper also discusses the stability of the resonator solitons depending on the nonlinear material response (absorptive/dispersive) when changing the driving field wavelength and intensity, the resonator detuning, and finally the carrier population inversion when using optical pumping.


Percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) is associated with many long-term complications. Therefore a large-diameter endoscopic endoprosthesis is preferentially employed to bridge a malignant obstruction of the biliary tract. Only if the placement of an endoprosthesis fails, must PTD be established. We present a simple method for converting PTD into a large endoprosthesis (14 F) with the aid of endoscopy. We have performed this conversion successfully in 8 patients without complications.


The main reason for seeking a better improvements in the smart grid development which increases data volume and complexity is economics, reliability and efficiency of the grid. This type of data requires a powerful technology to analyze and process big data. In this report, we propose an intelligent grid analysis architecture for the analysis of data transmission, storage and resources based on four fields of communication. We are proposing a data-enabled large-scale storage plan for big data wireless computing, that makes wireless communication big data awareness for smart grids. Genetic Algorithm (GA) for storage planning and internal optimization to plan daily energy was adopted as an optimization approach. This will reduce the long term costs of consumers.


In this master's thesis I was researching the differences in computer knowledge between boys and girls based on Bober competition.
In the theoretical part I checked how differences between genders appear and how socialization and gender stereotypes affect this matter. Furthermore, I have researched how important is the role of teachers and the role of the female role model. Until now researches in computer science field in Slovenia about students do not focus on computer knowledge but just the ability to use the computer. This is why I made a research analyzing gender differences with results of Bober contest.

In the empiric part I conducted quantitative study based on results of the Bober contest which tests the knowledge in the areas of algorithmic thinking, logical reasoning, development of problem solving skills, use of information technology and its impact on society. The goal of the study was to determine whether there are significant differences in the knowledge in this field between boys and girls statistically.
I found out that the differences are small and only in certain tasks statistically significant. For tasks with necessary mathematical skills were somewhat better boys while in tasks related to the communication were better girls.


In conclusion, our experience with these three patients shows that the long-term outcome of hair transplantation in patients with FFA can be disappointing, and all potential patients should be advised of the possibility of hair graft loss over time. The initial growth of the hair grafts should not be interpreted as a successful outcome. In patients who are willing to assume the risk of having a hair transplantation even with no guarantee of long-term success, it would be wise to perform a hair transplantation test first, with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. References


Electron capture cross sections from circular Rydberg states as a function of the angle [ital cphi] between the ion velocity and the angular momentum of the circular orbital have been reported recently by Hansen [ital et] [ital al]. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1522 (1993)]. We show that the observed [ital cphi] dependence can be explained in terms of the propensity rule that governs the dependence of electron capture cross sections on the magnetic quantum numbers of the initial excited states. We also carried out close-coupling calculations to show that electron capture from the circular H(3[ital d],4[ital f],5[ital g]) states by protons at the same scaled velocity has nearly the same [ital cphi] dependence.


The length of a university history in general is closely linked to the academic tradition and quality of a given institution.The history of a university requires objective evaluation of the role and influence of many of its presidents and prominent figures,regardless of their political identities.The writing of a university history requires a truthful and critical representation of the past,so as to set oneself an example to others.The cultural heritage of the research university comprises not only its academic tradition and campus scenery,but also its character,ethos,motto,anthem,atmosphere,emblem and architecture.There is a phenomenon of "competition between two universities" in the history and culture of research universities.Despite of certain negative influence,such competition in general spurs both institutions to strive forward for a win-win situation.


An improved UKF algorithm for error reduction in the robot's interior self-localization was presented by combining minimum skewness sampling and fading memory filtering methods.The algorithm adopted minimum skewness sampling strategies for improving real time performance,decreasing the number of sampling points from 2n+1 to n+2.Adopting the fading memory square root filter to correct the weight values of measurement noises,so as to weaken filter divergence and improve robustness of the system.Secondly,the wireless local area network(WLAN) localization system was constructed and the improved UKF algorithm helped to correct the received signal strength indicator(RSSI) values from wireless router.Lastly,using a trilateral calculation method for the robot coordinate,results showed the localization system reduced average localization deviation by 49% with an average value of 0.505m,which satisfies the accuracy position of the indoor-robot requirements.


Most software metrics activities are carried out for the purposes of risk analysis of some form or another. Yet traditional metrics approaches, such as regression-based models for cost estimation and defects prediction, provide little support for managers wishing to use measurement to analyse and minimise risk. Many traditional approaches are not only insufficient in this respect but also fundamentally flawed. Significant improvements can be achieved by using causal models that require no new metrics. The new approach, using Bayesian nets, provides true decision-support and risk analysis potential.


A handle assembly mountable to a barbecue lid and which includes an integral light positioned to shine upon the cooking surface of the barbecue when the barbecue lid has been so positioned as to expose the cooking surface.


As the markets in transitional economies open and grow, major challenges and opportunities arise for multinational firms entering these markets, local firms facing these new competitors, and policymakers seeking to increase their technical know how and distribution channel. The study found that competitive hostility, suppliers' power, and market turbulence did not moderate the market orientation-performance relationship. Appreciate the role of public-private partnerships as a win-win situation for private entities, governments, and individual consumers. Things are surely heating up in the 2-wheeler market. The times are changing for the manufacturers. Competition has intensified in last couple of years. Indian two-wheeler industry came in with better products, its sleek bikes. They have always welcomed change. The winds of change are flowing once again. In recent times, we saw two wheeler manufacturers like HH and Bajaj abandoning the 100 cc segment and going for premium segments. The focus being on the domestic markets and then on exports. These are signs of becoming a developed nation and this will increase the energy needs of the country even more.


The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicinal additive for stock boar and a concentrate feed containing the same. The Chinese herbal medicinal additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 4 to 5 percent of epimedium herb, 4 to 5 percent of actinolite, 4 to 5 percent of motherwort herb, 3 to 4 percent of nutgrass galingale rhizome, 3 to 4 percent of south dodder seed, 3 to 4 percent of Chinese angelica, and 74 to 76 percent of bran shell powder. The concentrate feed contains the Chinese herbal medicinal additive, bean pulp, fish meal, fat powder, calcium hydrophosphate, rock flour, table salt, and the mineral elements of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, potassium and the like, and the auxiliary materials of frankincense type flavoring agent, antioxidant, mildew preventive, bran shell powder, zeolite powder and the like. The Chinese herbal medicinal additive or the concentrate feed can prevent the feet and leg problem of the boar, has the effects of enhancing vitality, feet and a body when added into the daily foundational diets of the stock boar, improves reproductive abilities and body immunity functions of the boar and prolongs the stock using age so as to greatly improve the economic benefit of farms.


We study the spatio-temporal formation and spreading of the low-spin state (LS) during the thermal spin transition and the cooperative relaxation of the photo-induced metastable high spin (HS) state at low temperature, in the presence of a structural defect. The model is made of a two-dimensional rectangular-shaped lattice with discrete spins coupled by springs. The investigations are performed for a perfect lattice and a lattice with a hole (simulating the defect) with a fixed size. We found that the presence of the defect affects the thermal equilibrium by reducing the size of the thermal hysteresis at the transition, although the transition temperature remains unchanged. The study of the low-temperature relaxation of the defect-free lattice from HS to LS state indicated the existence of three different regimes of the growth process: (i) a first regime of growth from one corner of the rectangle along the width, then followed by (ii) a second regime of longitudinal propagation at almost constant velocity, and (iii) a third rapid regime when the system feels the surface or the border of the crystal. When a hole is injected inside the lattice, it results in (i) the deformation of the HS/LS interface's shape when it approaches the defect position; and (ii) the slowing down of its propagation velocity. These results, which are in good agreement with available experimental data, are discussed in terms of elastic energy stored in the system during the relaxation process.


Since the introduction of the community service order their practical importance has considerably risen in last decades. In spite of the criminal-political expansion trends the community service order has kept theirs juridically narrow range of application up to the present. To the dissatisfactory actual state of affairs with the enforcement of short terms imprisonment and fines respective disadvantages of the classical sanction still appear. Above all just short terms imprisonment entail undesirable side effects. Therefore, is recommendable to avoid this weakness by the application of the community service order as an independent sanction or as a spare punishment. So, the court should be able to allow to the convicted in the procedures of investigation or measure of execution not only to serve a fine also a short term imprisonment by the community service order. It is absolutely prospective that this sanction manner costs more money and human forces than fines and term imprisonment. Not to deny, however that the conviction shows reasonable means of the positive special prevention to the achievement of charitable work, while an active and voluntary achievement is required by the culprit. And finally to the result evident improvement of the rehabilitation and reoffending rate reduction could introduce a cost decrease concerning qualifying damages of potential victims. The permission of community service order instead of term imprisonment could be still advantageous if it helps with the warning function the convicted to lead a more well-arranged life.


Background: Nursing home residents have more complex care needs with higher levels of comorbidity, disability and cognitive impairment. It is estimated that 1 in 4 nursing home residents has diabetes mellitus. These patients are particularly vulnerable and require special attention. Methods: We compared current practice in the 44 long term residents in Peamount Hospital with the standards recommended in the Diabetes UK "Good Clinical Practice Guidelines for Care Home Residents with Diabetes". Results: Of 44 residents, 10 were diabetic. Only one resident was screened for diabetes on admission. Residents did not have specific diabetic care plans. There were no algorithms for the management of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia or diabetic complications. 70% of diabetic residents had a HbA1c checked in the last year, but there was no formal schedule of HbA1c monitoring. There was no protocol for screening for diabetic retinopathy, foot disease or nephropathy. In house access to dietetics and chiropody was provided. Conclusions: This audit demonstrated some elements of good practice and hypoglycaemia was a rare occurrence. However, there was no formal screening for diabetes on admission. Diabetic care was delivered on an ad hoc basis without individualised care plans, documented glycaemic targets or scheduled monitoring for complications. National and local policy to guide management of diabetes mellitus in long term care residents should be developed. In the interim, the Diabetes UK guidelines should be followed. All residents should be screened for diabetes. There should be individualised diabetic care plans and clear policies for management of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and long term diabetic complications.


The temperature distribution of the mold is directly linked to the manufacturing quality of the composite component. In this paper, a bionic mold based on the analysis of a manta ray in swimming is developed to improve the thermal performance of the mold during the autoclave curing process. The bionic mold has fewer frames and better air permeability, and the mold weight is decreased by 42.95% while the stiffness is proved to satisfy the requirement. The model of the autoclave curing process which is verified by experiments is established to carry out the thermal analysis of the mold. Results show that the air velocity in the mold is increased with the bionic design, which can reduce not only the maximum temperature difference of the mold plate (−30.35%) but also the percentage of low-temperature areas. Besides, the heating rate and the heat preservation time of the mold are also improved.


An edge pebbling move is defined as the removal of two pebbles from one edge and placing one on the adjacent edge. The maximal matching cover pebbling number, fmmcp(G), of a graph G, is the minimum number of pebbles that must be placed on E(G), such that after a sequence of pebbling moves the set of edges with pebbles forms a maximal matching regardless of the initial configuration. In this paper, we find the maximal matching cover pebbling number for variants of hypercube.


Because total coronary artery occlusion was found in the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction, most of our research interest and treatment strategies focus on epicardial coronary arteries.1 Little attention, however, is paid to the coronary microvasculature. When a coronary artery is occluded, detrimental changes occur in the cardiac capillaries and arterioles. After relief of the occlusion, blood flow to the ischemic tissue may still be impeded, a phenomenon known as no reflow. This article attempts to provide an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon from the laboratory bench to the clinical arena.

The no-reflow concept was first suggested in brain ischemia.2 Brains of rabbits that suffered a brief 2 1/2 minutes of ischemia had normal blood flow when the ischemia was relieved. When the rabbits were exposed to longer ischemic periods, normal flow to brain tissues was not restored, even after relief of the vessel obstruction. Prolonged ischemia resulted in significant changes in the microvasculature that interfered with normal flow to the brain cells. The existence of this phenomenon was confirmed in a variety of animal models of brain ischemia.3–6⇓⇓⇓ It was also shown in a variety of other organs, including skin,7,8⇓ skeletal muscle,9 and the kidney.10–12⇓⇓ Kloner et al13 sought to find out whether the no-reflow phenomenon would be observed in ischemic canine hearts and whether it was related to microvascular damage. Dogs were subjected to 40 or 90 minutes of proximal coronary artery occlusion. When the coronary occlusion was relieved after 40 minutes of occlusion, the blood flow was restored to the damaged myocardium as assessed by markers of perfusion such as thioflavin S and carbon black. However, after 90 minutes of coronary occlusion, there was only partial restoration of blood flow to the myocardial …


NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF BILINGUALISM DEAR Sm, I have seen a patient whose case throws further interesting light on 0. W. Hughes' review (Journal, July 1981, 139, 25—28) of neuropsychiatric aspects of bilingualism. He was a Palestinian who left the Middle East at the age of 25, then spent two years in Britain, and then established himself in business in Chile for the rest of his life. He spoke good Spanish, but used Arabic frequently in his family life and business contacts. During bronchoscopy in Santiago he had cardio respiratory arrest for at least three minutes, and was then in coma on controlled ventilation for three days. On the fourth day he started muttering unintelligibly. This was regarded as dysphasic or dysarthric speech secondary to brain damage until an Arabic-speaking night nurse realized that he was talking in that language about his youth. He spent about two more days at this stage, but with a further improvement in his level of consciousness he switched from Arabic to a rather faulty English, talking about his time in Britain. This stage lasted for about 24 hours, at the end of which time he was fully conscious and making increasing use of Spanish for communication. The patient's disability was thus acute cerebral hypoxia and its sequelae, and he was a true bilingual (or trilingual), using at least two languages, and dominant, in the sense that he had great fluency in his native language. In view of the pattern of his recovery, one is tempted to speculate that he was recovering the use of different languages as different areas, or systems, of his brain were recovering from the anoxic injury, rather as memory recovered chronologically.


he year 1979 marks the centennial of the birth of Elmer Verner McCollum. He was born on a Kansas farm homesteaded by his father in 1863 and received his academic training in chemistry at the University of Kansas and at Yale University. As a member of the faculty of the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin from 1907 to 1917, he gained widespread attention for his pathfinding discoveries in experimental nutrition. From 1917 until his retirement in 1944 he was Professor of Biochemistry in the School of Hygiene and Public Health at Johns Hopkins University where his continuing achievements in research, stimulating leadership in nutrition education, imaginative influence on the food industry and wisdom in the formulation of public policy regarding foods and nutrition gave him unusual distinction and international acclaim. At Kansas the faculty member most influencing young McCollum was Edward Bartow; at Yale it was Lafayette B. Mendel; and at Wisconsin it was clearly Stephen M. Babcock. At Johns Hopkins, Edwards A. Park was his most stimulating colleague and very close friend.


Ethyl 1-cyano-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (ECMC) initiates the cationic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (VCZ) in 1,2-dichloroethane solution at temperatures above 60°C. The experimental kinetic equation is R p ∞ [VCZ] 1.5 [ECMC] 0.9 and the apparent activation energy is 20.3 kcal/mol. The obtained polymer shows a bimodal molecular weight distribution, which is attributed to free-ion vs ion-pair propagation. The factors favoring free-ion propagation include lower conversion, lower temperature, lower monomer concentration, highre initiator concentration and more polar solvents


This study investigates the effect of superstructure configuration on the optimum design of slab on Precast I (PCI) girder bridges. For this purpose, more than 20,000 bridge cases of varying superstructure configurations are considered to investigate the effects of various superstructure parameters such as girder spacing, span length, slab thickness and girder types on the optimum design of slab on PCI girder bridges. PCI girders are designed conforming to the AASHTO LRFD for flexure using stress limits at the service limit state, then checked at ultimate for flexure and shear using factored loads at the strength limit state. A modified harmony search optimization algorithm is used to obtain optimum bridge design parameters using standard AASHTO PCI girders according to these AASHTO LRFD requirements. Those girders are designed taking into consideration geometrical constraints, stress constraints and constraints related to the conformity of the design with the AASHTO LRFD code. Various sensitivity analysis are performed to investigate the effect of different geometrical factors on the design of the girders, and easy-to-use design aids were developed. The outcomes of this study may facilitate the bridge engineers to choose optimum design parameters such as girder types and spacing as well as number strands for a certain span length before the design of slab on PCI girder bridges.


For the first time streamlined life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to estimate the carbon footprint/energy payback times of three types of RBS off-grid sites in Italian network. Most advantageous is to locate solar wind power system in Southern Italy. Annually between 14 and 19 tonnes of CO2e can be saved by replacing power supply system based on diesel generators with renewable solar and wind systems. The pay back times for energy and CO2e are around 2 years and 3 years, respectively. LiFePO4 advanced cycle batteries are preferable to Pb-acid deep cycle batteries thanks to lower diesel usage. In order to find the optimal power supply system when configuring sites multi criteria modeling could be applied.


A possible nonlinear completion of massive gravity is presented. An additional scalar ghost contained in the linear theory condenses to give rise to positive energy excitations.


In order to make a rational decision about a cost-effective solution, the life-cycle cost of a structure, including cost of structure failure needs to be considered. Because of uncertainties associated with structural properties, load and environmental conditions the cost of structural failure is a random variable. This paper derives probability distributions of the cost of failure of a single structure and a group of identical structures when single or multiple failures are possible during the service life of a structure. The probability distributions can be employed to evaluate the expected utility, which is then used in decision making. An example, which considers the selection of durability specifications for a reinforced concrete structure built in marine environments, illustrates the use of the derived probability distributions.


The mechanism by which ADP initiates platelet shape change and granule centralization is unknown. Recent studies of platelet proteins have provided evidence that raised intracellular calcium produces its effect by promoting protein phosphorylation. We have studied the influence of ADP on the phosphorylation of platelet proteins in both platelet rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets, using the incorporation of 32p to identify phosphorylated proteins. 10u M ADP was found to cause a 2-5 fold increased phosphorylation of MLC, 40P and ABP. Pretreatment of the platelets with 100uM ASA prevented secretion of serotonin but decreased the ADP induced phosphorylation only by about 1/3. 2u M ADP stirred with platelets in PRP caused reversible aggregation without secretion and was associated with increased phosphorylation of MLC, 40P and ABP. The results show that ADP can cause phosphorylation of platelet proteins independent of secretion. We suggest ADP raises intracellular calcium levels to cause the phosphorylations which initiate contractile protein interactions to produce shape change and granule centralization. The results also show that platelet granule secretion must be dependent on other factors in addition to phosphorylation of these proteins.


In this paper, the scaled boundary finite-element method (SBFEM) proposed for wave-structure interaction [Tao et al, 2007] is extended to solve two-dimensional (2D) steady incompressible viscous flows governed by the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The present SBFEM scheme is validated against existing analytical solutions of the 2D viscous flow with a constant vorticity. Comparisons clearly demonstrate the excellent accuracy and computational efficiency associated with the present SBFEM. Such superiority in significantly outperforming its counterparts in currently available CFD software ensures a great potential of direct application of the present method to many engineering problems. As a crucial step in expanding the application of the SBFEM, further extension of the SBFEM to to solve viscous flow of variable vorticity or even more complex viscous fluid-structure interactions will be a welcome development.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Cancer is one of the most common causes of death, taking nearly 7 million lives each year worldwide .New cancer targeted therapies that make use the therapeutic antibiodies and small molecules have made treatment more tumor specific and less toxic. To meet the present challenges in cancer, the most promising way is targeted therapy that may be used to make targeting more specific the cancerous cells.


After radical prostatectomy, detectable PSA levels (at least 0.2 ng/ml) indicate biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer -- but what is the prognosis


Air passenger traffic will increase five times and air cargo 30 times by 1950, predicts this authority in the field of air traffic control. He indicates that further advancement and comprehensive planning are needed if air traffic control is not to hamper the future development of air transportation.


A novel design of a circular patch antenna having Z‐shaped defected ground structure is presented in this communication. The antenna is designed for X‐band applications. A wideband is obtained in the X‐band frequency range 8–12 GHz. The return loss and input impedance is measured experimentally and compared with the simulated results. Parameters like impedance bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain are calculated and discussed. Impedance bandwidth of about 1.2 GHz is obtained with a gain of 8.7 dBi and side lobe level of −20.1 dB. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2251–2254, 2013


Transferring the managerial authority of a scenic spot is a hot issue in the development and management of scenic spot in recent years.After transferring the managerial authority,whether the scenic spot can be developed sustainedly is one of focal arguments.In view of this question,this article first established dynamic game models,separately about whether the administrators supervise or not,whether the operators protect or not,whether the administrators abuse or not and whether the operators bribe or not,then get a balanced solution after introducing the credit mechanism into models.The solution is that the operator and the administrator are easy to seek the behavior of bribe,so it is necessary to enhance the supervision of the government.Then this article establishes a dynamic game model between the government and the administrator,and gets a balanced solution.Finally through analyzing the balanced solution of two dynamic game models,this article proposes countermeasures about the protection of scenic spot.


Numerous studies have examined the genetic association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). However, of the four known SNPs in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of VEGF, three SNPs—namely rs3025040 (1451C>T), rs10434 (1612G>A), and rs3025053 (1725G>A)—remain poorly characterized with regard to RPL. Herein, we evaluated the association between these three SNPs in the VEGF 3′-UTR and RPL susceptibility. We analyzed VEGF 3′-UTR gene variants in with and without RPL using TaqMan allelic discrimination. There were significant differences in the genotype frequencies of 1612G>A (GA: adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.652; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.447–0.951; p = 0.026) and 1725G>A (GA: AOR, 0.503; 95% CI, 0.229–0.848; p = 0.010) in RPL patients vs. controls. Our results indicate that the 1612G>A and 1725G>A polymorphisms in the 3′-UTR of VEGF are associated with RPL susceptibility in Korean women. These data suggest that VEGF 3′-UTR polymorphisms may be utilized as biomarkers for the detection of RPL risk and prevention.


Objective: Apply dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to determine the amount of fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density in Mexican schoolchildren with and without obesity. Material and methods: We performed an observational, analytical, comparative, cross-sectional
study of 80 Mexican schoolchildren who attended the Nutrition Clinic of the Pediatric Medical Center in Monterrey, Mexico during the period of January to April 2005. Body mass index (BMI) was determined to classify the participants according to the growth charts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Two groups of 40 children each (with and without obesity) were formed and DXA was carried out on each individual. Cronbach's Alpha was used to determine instrument reliability and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of numerical variables. Means were compared using Student´s t test. Results: Statistically signiicant differences were found in fat mass (p≤0.001) and lean mass (p≤0.001), but not in bone mineral content (p=0.051) between both groups. Conclusions: Differences exist in fat mass and lean mass in both groups, but not in bone mineral content between both groups. A signiicant positive correlation was found between fat mass, determined by DXA, and BMI in schoolchildren with and without obesity


Background This meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and ocular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Springer were searched for articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving T2DM patients treated with SGLT-2i versus placebo or other hypoglycemic agents published prior to August 2021. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis was incidence of ocular diseases, which was assessed using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We reviewed 47 papers and compared the effect of SGLT-2i with the effect of the control groups (placebo and other hypoglycemic drugs) on the incidence of ocular diseases. Results Compared with controls, overall SGLT-2i use in T2DM patients was not associated with incidences of cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease and vitreous disease. Ertugliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.01) reduced the risk for retinal disease, while empagliflozin (RR=0.44, P=0.05) reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with controls. SGLT-2i (RR=0.50, P=0.02), perhaps empagliflozin (RR=0.47, P=0.06), reduced the risk of retinal disease compared with active hypoglycemic agents. Canagliflozin (RR=4.50, P=0.03) increased the risk for vitreous disease compared with placebo. Conclusions There was no significant correlation between overall SGLT-2i and ocular diseases (cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease, vitreous disease, corneal disease, conjunctival disease, uveal disease, eye haemorrhage and vision problems) in T2DM patients. Ertugliflozin and empagliflozin may protect against ocular diseases, but canagliflozin may promote ocular diseases.


One of the most promising areas of application of Big Data is the field of medicine. In order to apply Big Data generally, it is necessary to prevent infringement of privacy, and to minimize the personal information misuse, to define and set the boundaries for the terms used with regards to medical information and personal health information. Thus, through an agreement between the various parties set for a range of personal health information de-identifying action it is required. Thus, through an agreement between the various parties set for a range of personal health information de- identifying action it is required.


Through the prism of the Ukrainian legal tradition, the article substantiates the axiological importance of the category of justice as a value invariant in the legal regulation of economic relations in Ukraine in modern conditions and the immanence of ideas of justice in Economic law. Attention is drawn to the fact that Ukraine has its own legal tradition, which is historically deeply rooted in the European legal tradition and inherited by the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996. The declaration of the principle of the Rule of Law in Ukraine, which is an element of the common heritage of the member states of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, determines the fundamental value status of the idea of justice in the legal system of modern Ukraine. The general purpose of the functioning of the legal system of Ukraine is derived from the content of Article 1 of the Constitution of Ukraine — it is the development of Ukraine as a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. Attention is drawn to the fact that until now neither the foundations nor the principles of Economic law have been fixed in the Economic Code of Ukraine as the main act of economic legislation, although they should form the basis of the structure of all acts of economic legislation, be the basis for the interpretation of legal norms of all acts of economic legislation in the rulemaking and serve as a mean of overcoming legal conflicts and gaps in Economic law, including through the prism of justice. It is determined that the idea of justice — both in the subjective (as the integrity of a person) and objective meaning (as social justice) is already explicitly included in the normative substance of the Economic Code. The importance of the implementation of the idea of social justice in the norms of Economic law is determined by the essence of the relations that are regulated by these rules. In contrast to purely civil relations as the subject of regulation of the Civil Code of Ukraine, as well as purely public legal regulations based on the principles of power — subordination, the object of economic legal regulation is a complex system of relations defined in Article 3 of the Economic Code. Such general foundations of civil legislation as justice, good faith and reasonableness (Clause 6 of Article 3 of the Civil Code), which embody subjective justice as the integrity of participants of civil relations, should show their regulatory potential in the economic sphere. Attention is drawn to the fact that legal support of the social market economy has never been part of the goal of civil legislation, which (the goal) is not generally defined in the Civil Code. The implementation of social justice in the economy of Ukraine and Economic law is determined by the declaration of Ukraine as a social state, accordingly, the economic function of the social state should be ensured by Economic law. The article supports the scientific position that the feature of the social state is ensuring the compliance with the principle of justice in the process of managing the economy. The problem of understanding the necessity and legal forms of state management is among those that are especially acute in the period of social transformations in the society. However, at any time, the state shall solve the task of performing "general affairs" in the society and regulating relations in an asymmetric society, which is characterized by economic inequality of its members. If the cornerstone for Civil law is the legal (formal) equality of the parties, then for Economic law it is fundamentally important to smooth out the actual (economic) inequality of the participants of economic relations and to ensure differentiated equality. It is concluded that it is impossible for the state to fulfil its obligations to the society without the use of appropriate legal means that go beyond private law, and the very idea of justice shall be developed in all sub-branches and legal institutes of Economic law.


This paper proposes two modifications in tracking high dynamic GNSS signals with extended Kalman filter. One is used to estimate the amplitude of signals better, while the other is used to eliminate the phase error of correlator outputs. Simul-ation results show that the variance of estimation and BER of navigation data are both reduced highly.


The collapse of communism in Armenia the re-emergence of the Independent Republic of Armenia the Armenian economy Armenia's foreign policy.