References BARTII, F. 1975. Ritud und knowledge mmong the Baktaman of New Guinea. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. COSMIDES, L. & J. TOOBY 1992. Cognitive adaptations for social cxchangc, i n J.H. Barkow, L. Cosmidcs & J . Tooby (ed.), The adapted mind 163-228. Ncw York (NY): Oxford IJniversity Press. DAWKINS, R. 1976. The selfish gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DENNETT, D. 1990. Memes and the exploitation of imagination, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 48: 127-35. 1991. Consciousness explained. New York (NY): Little, Brown. FKAKE, C.O. 1994. Dials: a study in the physical representation of cognitive systems, in Renfrew & Zubrow (ed.): 119-32. Cambridge: Cambridgc Univcrsity Press. GALLAY, A. 1986. L'archkologie demain. Paris: Belfond. GARDIN, J.C. 1980. Archaeological constructs. Cambridgc:


Straight-line programs offer powerful text compression by representing a text T [1, u] in terms of a context-free grammar of n rules, so that T can be recovered in O(u) time. However, the problem of operating the grammar in compressed form has not been studied much. We present the first grammar representation able of extracting text substrings, and of searching the text for patterns, in time o(n). Its size is of the same order of that of a plain SLP representation, and it can be of independent interest for other grammar-based problems. We also give some byproducts on representing binary relations.


Electric power industry is very important of the development of national economy. With the rapid development of the advanced manufacturing process of the electricity industry, the electricity consumption of the industry has increased significantly. Therefore, the electric substation is very important of the electric supply of the power grid, which undertakes the important task of transmission and transformation, and is also an important part of the power grid advanced developing. Selecting a reasonable construction site of the substation can greatly reduce the cost, ensure the stability of the daily operation of the power grid advanced production, and bring great convenience to the advanced manufacturing producing. With the rapid development of the information age, the amount of power data information is also increasing explosively. In the context of big data, artificial intelligence technologies such as BPNN and machine learning gradually play a greater role. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for substation location, including transportation conditions, engineering geological conditions, construction conditions and construction costs of substations. Based on BPNN and matter-element extension model, the location selection of substations is evaluated. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic theory of matter-element extension model, then constructs the evaluation index system of substation location, and finally employ the BPNN to get the weight of the indexes. Finally, an example is given to prove the method effectiveness.


To overcome the energy shortage and environmental pollution, sunlight is considered an ideal source to solve these problems. Photocatalyst water splitting for H2 production by using solar energy is a favourable technology to deal with the energy shortage, global warming and environmental pollution. During the last few years, sulphide‐based nanomaterial photocatalysts have attained considerable attention due to their comparatively narrow bandgap energy, show excitation in the visible region, at a wavelength of about 600 nm, and thus demonstrate high photocatalytic activities. But semiconductor photocatalysts are easy to be photocorroded due to sensitivity in visible light. The photocorrosion hinder their photocatalytic performance. In order to overcome photocorrosion effects, some modifications in the photocatalysts' surface are required, for example adjusting the metal sulphide structure, depositing anti‐photocorrosion layers or nanoparticles on the surface of semiconductors, which inhibit the photocorrosion attack and sustain the stability. In this review, we discuss progress in the structure, preparation methods, H2 evolution rate, photocorrosion inhibition and energy and environmental applications of different sulphide‐based nanomaterial photocatalysts.


6 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and multiple secondary cutaneous lesions were treated with intralesional methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette Guerin (MER-BCG). Separate lesion


BACKGROUND
Sevelamer hydrochloride was recently proposed as a phosphate binder to prevent hypercalcaemia in place of calcium alkaline salts in dialysis patients. So far, it has been evaluated only in patients receiving calcitriol, without comparison with CaCO(3) alone, although the latter was found to be as effective as the combination of calcitriol and Al(OH)(3) in suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH) without inducing hypercalcaemia and to have a better lowering effect on serum phosphate. Moreover, this bile salt binder may decrease serum 25-OH vitamin D. Therefore, we compared for 5 months two strategies for controlling moderate hyperparathyroidism: CaCO(3) alone vs sevelamer in conjunction with measures to increase calcium balance.

METHODS
Forty-two patients were randomized: 21 continued their treatment with 4.8 g/day CaCO(3) and 21 were switched to sevelamer (initial dose: 2.4 g/day, increased to 4.4 g/day). Each month, when serum-corrected calcium decreased below 2.30 mmol/l, dialysate calcium was increased or alphacalcidol was given at each dialysis session, according to serum PO(4) levels. The following parameters were monitored: serum Ca, PO(4), bicarbonate and protein, weekly; and serum PTH, 25-OH vitamin D and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol monthly.

RESULTS
Except for higher serum phosphate at month 1, lower serum bicarbonate at month 2 and lower LDL cholesterol at month 5 in the sevelamer group, no difference was found between the two groups. Compared with baseline levels, PTH increased and 25-OH vitamin D decreased significantly in both groups, these two parameters being inversely correlated.

CONCLUSIONS
Given comparable control of plasma calcium, phosphate and 25-OH vitamin D, PTH control is comparable in both strategies. Sevelamer does not induce greater vitamin D depletion than CaCO(3). The transient decrease of serum bicarbonate after discontinuation of CaCO(3) in the sevelamer group suggests a less optimal prevention of acidosis. The sevelamer-induced decrease in LDL cholesterol gives this drug a potential advantage in cardiovascular prevention.


A tension test was performed on the semicircular canals of fish, frogs and guinea pigs, with a tension testing machine capable of measuring microloads (the "microtension tester"). The mechanical properties of the semicircular canals were examined.The semicircular canals of guinea pigs were so fine that no exact data could be obtained. The elongation, elastic modulus and tensile strength of fresh semicircular canals was 115.9%, 2.23 kgf/mm2 and 0.88 kgf/ mm2, respectively, in fish and 83.7%, 1.25 kgf/mm2 and 0.46 kgf/mm2, respectively, in frogs.The thickness of the semicircular canals was compared. The frog's semicircular canals were the thickest, followed by those of fish, and the guinea pig's were the thinnest. The comparison of strength considering membranous thickness of the semicircular canals was performed. The frog's semicircular canals were the strongest, followed by those of fish, and the guinea pig's were the weakest. There was a good correlation between the thickness and the strength of the semicircular canals.These findings suggest that the increase of the endolymph volume takes place throughout the entire labyrinth in Meniere's disease, and because of the thick membranes of the semicircular canals and the utricle, endolympatic hydrops is seen only in the cochlea and the saccule.


Starting with a depth‐dose theory of electron energy dissipation in negative electron resists and a quasimonoenergetic Gaussian scattering theory, we derive theoretical expressions for single‐line profiles using the exposure parameters of the Bell Laboratories electron‐beam exposure system (EBES). These profiles are calculated by convoluting the Gaussian scattering distribution with the experimentally determined relationship between resist thickness remaining after development and input electron dose. Calculated profiles for the negative electron resist P(GMA‐co‐EA) agree well with experimental results for the range of feature sizes exposed on EBES. Since features on EBES are built up by multiple passes, the theory is extended to line profiles separated by the address structure of EBES. The calculated resist profiles are in reasonably good agreement with experimental results. The observed profile heights are somewhat greater than predicted by theory since the developed gel is not perfectly rigid and gel i...


The present paper propose a real-time moving object recognition and tracking method using the wavelet-based neural network and invariant moments. Candidate moving region detection phase which is the first step of the proposed method detects the candidate regions where a pixel value changes occur due to object movement based on the difference image analysis between continued two image frames. The object recognition phase which is second step of proposed method recognizes the vehicle regions from the detected candidate regions using wavelet neurual-network. From object tracking Phase which is third step the recognized vehicle regions tracks using matching methods of wavelet invariant moments bases to recognized object. To detect a moving object from image sequence the candidate regions detection phase uses an adaptive thresholding method between previous image and current image as result it was robust surroundings environmental change and moving object detections were possible. And by using wavelet features to recognize and tracking of vehicle, the proposed method decrease calculation time and not only it will be able to minimize the effect in compliance with noise of road image, vehicle recognition accuracy became improved. The result which it experiments from the image which it acquires from the general road image sequence and vehicle detection rate is 92.8%, the computing time per frame is 0.24 seconds. The proposed method can be efficiently apply to a real-time intelligence road traffic surveillance system.


This paper examines the automatic transcription of lyrics of Medieval music manuscripts by applying recent developments in the area of Automatic Text Recognition (ATR). We evaluate the performance of a CNN/LSTM-network on five different manuscripts dating from the 12th to 16th century and examine the impact of two different line segmentation approaches: Using an accurate manual segmentation yielded a Character Error Rate (CER) of up to 6.7% whereas 8.2% were reached on a fully automatic one. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for the assignments of syllables to their respective neume by finding valid matches based on the positional output of the ATR. Depending on the ATR accuracy, an F1-score of over 99% was obtained.


The aim of this investigation was to analyze the relationship between morphological classification of the ovary and the presence of anatomical structures as dominant follicle or corpus luteum, and in vitro embryo production. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of anatomical classification of the ovary and (a) the number and quality of oocytes recovered by aspiration method, and (b) and in vitro maturation and embryo development after parthenogenetic activation. Ovaries were divided into three morphological classes based on the presence or absence of certain ovarian structures and follicles diameter: (1) CL bearing a corpus luteum and follicles of ≤ 8 mm diameter, (2) PRO ongoing proestro stage with growing follicles of ≤ 8 mm diameter, (3) DOM with a dominant follicle of ≥ 15 mm diameter. After aspiration, cúmulus-oocyte complexes were classified according to morphological criteria into 5 grades. Grade 1 and 2 were destined to in vitro maturation regarding its higher quality, homogeneous cytoplasm and compact cúmulus with more than 5 layers. There were 2.583 oocytes recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries from cows and heifers in different estrous stages. The present results demonstrated that oocytes from PRO-ovaries showed the highest percentage of


The oldest method for the carbon nanotube production is the electric arc discharge. This technique was used already in the early sixties by R. Bacon for the synthesis of carbon fibers called whiskers. The same technique was adapted in 1990 by Kratschmer and Huffman to produce fullerenes in good yields, and later on this method was improved and applied for the synthesis of multiwall (MWNT) and single wall (SWNT) carbon nanotubes. Other methods such as the laser evaporation/ablation and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were also successfully examined in the production of carbon nanotubes. The laser evaporation process is technically similar to the arc discharge method. The difference between these two methods is in the quality and purity of the obtained products. However, the arc discharge and the different types of CVD are the most promising and utilized techniques in the large scale production of carbon nanotubes and related materials. Here, we use Arc Discharge method.


: Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery are best practices used in the context of DevOps. By using automated pipelines for building and testing small software changes, possible risks are intended to be detected early. Those pipelines continuously generate log events that are collected in semi-structured log files. In practice, these log files can amass 100000 events and more. However, the relevant sections in these log files must be manually tagged by the user. This paper presents an online learning approach for detecting relevant log events using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. After grouping a fixed number of log events in a document, our approach prunes the vocabulary to eliminate words without semantic meaning. A sequence of documents is then described as a discrete sequence by applying Latent Dirichlet Allocation, which allows the detection of outliers within the sequence. By integrating the latent variables of the model, our approach provides an explanation of its prediction. Our experiments show that our approach is sensitive to the choice of its hyperparameters in terms of the number and choice of detected anomalies.


INTRODUCTION: While rib fractures due to blunt traumas are common, pericardial and diaphragmatic injuries caused by rib fractures are rarely seen. Diagnosis is challenging due to the difference in clinical symptoms which may have severe clinical consequences.
CASE: A 58-year-old female patient who had a traffic accident was referred to our centre due to left pericardial effusion while being followed up for tibial fracture. Left diaphragmatic rupture was detected in the radiographs taken. Intraoperative pericardial rupture was observed in the operated patient. The defects were repaired primarily and the patient was discharged in good health.
CONCLUSION: Although the diagnosis is difficult In multitraumas including thoracic trauma, especially in cases with multiple rib fractures, one should be more attentive considering the possibility of diaphragmic and pericardial ruptures.


This study examines predictors of resisting arrest in 1,220 arrest situations in Phoenix Arizona between June 13, and June 27, 1994. This study adds to the existing literature by examining both passive and violent resistance from a suspect. The predictors assessed in the study involved officer, suspect, and situational variables. Using a logistic regression analysis, the most powerful predictors of resistance at arrest involved several suspect attributes, most notably, suspect demeanor. Of the officer related variables, officer gender, and time on the police force were significant predictors of encountering a resistance suspect. Finally, the key situational predictor of resisting arrest was if witnesses were present. Findings and policy implications are discussed.


The current study investigates whether younger adults process distraction semantically and how age influences the level of distraction processing. In a first experiment, younger adults' processing of distraction was examined by comparing implicit and explicit memory for that distraction. Then, in a second experiment, younger and older adults' semantic processing of distractors was directly tested by examining memory for distractors on a conceptually based category-generation task. Younger adults showed equivalent implicit and explicit distractor memory in the first experiment and no conceptual priming for distractors on the categorygeneration task of the second experiment. Older adults, on the other hand, showed reliable conceptual priming for distractors, and the effect was significantly correlated with age in that group. The results collectively suggest that older, but not younger, adults engage in elaborate processing of irrelevant information, and that this effect is possibly tied to inhibitory control abilities that tend to decrease with age.


The purpose of the article is to present a proposal to amend the Basic Law and to indicate its close connection with the nature of the political (system) decision� The amendment to the Basic Law may be extended or limited� Possible legal constructions were carried out in the article� This would determine the conditions of Poland's participation in the euro area, which are acceptable from the Polish constitution's point of view�


In allocating private property rights to land, U.S. policy in the 19 th century emphasized the formation of small farms in the East and Midwest. In doing so, it created the conditions for path-dependency in the 20 th century in the Great Plains. Under the 1862 Homestead Act, hundreds of thousands of 160 to 320-acre farms were established between 1880 and 1920. These subsequently were found to be too small to be viable over the long term. A lack of understanding of the region's semi-arid climate, unusual rainfall during the settlement period, and political pressure to maximize the farm population molded the land distribution policy. Early efforts to revise the land laws to allow for larger allocations in the Great Plains were resisted. Both politicians and homesteaders sought dense settlement, but it could not be sustained. When localized droughts occurred, farm failures or "homestead busts" followed. Widespread outmigration followed. Nothing like this had taken place on previous agricultural frontiers. Drought and farm collapse were particularly severe during the 1930s. Moreover, cultivation practices by small farmers intensified wind erosion known as the Dust Bowl. The plight of the region's farmers was chronicled in the photographs of Dorothea Lange (An American Exodus) and the writings of John Steinbeck (The Grapes of Wrath). The region received the largest per capita relief payments and had the highest out-migration rates in the U.S. 82 percent of Great Plains counties peaked in population between 1910 and 1930 and the average decline in population from peak levels to 1990 was 71 percent. Gradual farm consolidation led to units more appropriate for a semi-arid region, but the adjustment process was a costly one.


A tightly packed water moderated /sup 233/UO/sub 2/--ThO/sub 2/ critical assembly was analyzed with the Vitamin C library and the 1-D S/s n/ code, ANISN (S/sub 8/,P/sub 3/). The purpose of the study was to provide validation of this calculational model as applied to water-cooled hybrid fusion blankets. The quantities compared were the core eigenvalue and various activation shapes. The calculated eigenvalue was 1.02 +- 0.01. The /sup 233/U fission and /sup 232/Th capture shapes were found to be in good agreement (+-5%) with experiment, except near water--metal boundaries where differences up to 24% were observed. No such error peaking was observed in the /sup 232/Th fast fission shape. We conclude that the model provides good volume averaged reaction rates in water-cooled systems. However, care must be exercised near water boundaries where thermally dependent reaction rates are significantly underestimated.


In the present paper current methods of the solution to inverse task of ellipsometry has been analysed. The problems which appear while resolving such kind of task have been considered. Both the spheres of usage of each of them and their proc and cons have been pointed out. Based on minimization of functional the numeric simulations of testing tasks have been done.


Background: Patients with psychotic disorders especially those have delusions show a greater level of non-adherence to prescribed psychiatric medication. Aim: aimed to explore the relation between conviction, preoccupation of delusion and adherence to medication among psychotic clients. Subjects and Method: A descriptive correlational research design was operated. 110 psychotic patients suffering from delusional beliefs recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics at Port Said and Demira Mental Health Hospital. A structured Interview Schedule for the valuation of Delusional Beliefs, the Conviction of Delusional Beliefs Scale, and Drug Attitude Inventory Scale, in addition to personal and clinical data questionnaire. Results: The majority of the studied patients didn't adhere to the medication. Also, the majority of studied patients had moderate degrees of conviction and preoccupation of delusional beliefs. Conclusion: there was a statistically significant positive correlation between preoccupation and conviction of delusional beliefs. Whereas, there were statistically significant adverse correlations between. Conviction, preoccupation of delusional beliefs and adherence to medication amid the studied psychotic clients. The main recommendation was implementation of cognitive behavioral therapeutic approaches to modify delusional preoccupation and conviction among psychotic patients. These approaches should be led by health professionals as psychologists and psychiatric nurses.


3 Studies in Eupterotidae no. 6 Abstract. The origin and historical use of all family-group names pertaining to the bombycoid family Eupterotidae are determined. The family-group name Eupterotidae takes Swinhoe, 1892 as authorship, although the name was evidently originally coined by Hampson, 1893. However, three older family-group names are available for the taxon: Striphnopterygidae Wallengren, 1858, Phialidae Wallengren, 1865 and Janidae Aurivillius, 1892. Striphnopterygidae has been used as the valid name for the family by at least ten authors until at least 1965 and again in 2006, and as a valid subfamily name throughout, but the younger Eupterotidae gained almost universal acceptance as the name of the family in the literature since about 1928. Application of Article 35.5, introduced in the current, 4th edition of the Code (ICZN 1999), allows the retention of the younger name Eupterotidae as the valid name of the family. The authorship of another bombycoid family name, Lemoniidae, is corrected from Hampson, 1918 to Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894.


Wherein the stepping motor of the present invention includes a plurality of coils, these coils by simultaneously or sequentially applying a drive pulse driving, so that the rotor at a predetermined rotation step angle, the switching mechanism includes, in the multi-only when the drive pulse is applied to the coil portion of the coil, during application of the drive pulse, the switching mechanism such that the coil than the other coils by the drive pulse driving a high impedance state.


The utility model belongs to the expansion joint compensation technical field and provides a straight pipe pressure-balancing type expansion joint for a gasoline adsorption and desulfurization device. The expansion joint is mainly composed of an inlet flange (1), a pull rod (2), a guide cylinder (3), a working corrugated pipe (5), a balancing corrugated pipe (9), a middle pipe (7) and an outlet plate (12), wherein the working corrugated pipe (5) and the balancing corrugated pipe (9) are connected by the middle pipe (7). The straight pipe pressure-balancing type expansion joint is characterized in that a guide cylinder positioning slot is arranged on the inlet flange (1) and the middle pipe (7), one end of the guide cylinder (3) is positioned in the positioning slot, and the other end of the guide cylinder (3) is in a staircase-shaped structure; the middle pipe (7) and a middle annular plate (8) are in the structure formed by integrally forming forgings; and the end part of the pull rod (2) is provided with a spherical conical-surface gasket (13). The straight pipe pressure-balancing type expansion joint ensures the strength of the guide cylinder and the flowing smoothness of mediums, reduces the abrasion of high-speed flowing adsorbent particles for the guide cylinder and prolongs the service life of the expansion joint.


Voluntary movements are organized to perform a purposeful task. A motor plan constitutes the overall strategy that is organized into motor programs, which control various parts of the performance. Control of voluntary movements depends on close interactions among the frontal motor areas, posterior parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. These areas not only are involved in initiation and execution of movement but also participate in cognitive processes, such as spatial attention, motor learning and adaptation, recognition of intentions of others, and suppression of inappropriate actions. Developments in electrophysiological techniques and functional neuroimaging have provided new insight into the cortical mechanisms of motor control. Disturbances in these mechanisms underlie several neurologic disorders, including apraxia and dystonia.


Hungchaoite occurs with ginorite, mcallisterite, sborgite, sassolite, nobleite, ulexite, and, where gypsum and ulexite are abundant, with kurnakovite. inderite. and mcallisterite in surficial matrix as products from weathered colemanite and priceite veins in late Tertiary rocks. Hungchaoite is triclinic, space group PT; a :8.811(1), b : 10.644(2), c : 7.888(l)A; a : 103"23(l)', 0 : 108o35(l)', 97.09(l), unit-cell volume 666.2(l)Aa; Z 2[MgO.4BrOs.9HrO]. Euhedral, tabular {100} to equant, colorless, untwinned crystals, up to 0.5 mm, show l7 forms. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are, in A: 6.71(100), 3.3 s6(92), 5.36(85 ), 4.093(78 ), 4.07 9(64), and 7. I 4(59 ). Hungchaoiteisopt ically(-):*:1.44 5(2),0=1.485(2), 7:l.a9}Q)(Naligh t);2Il": 15(4)"; r ( u, distinct; Xlta: +28",2Lb = 437",Y4 c = -66.. Good {lll}and {lll}and imperfect {010} cleavages. Hardness 2Yz. G (meas) 1.706(5), p (calc) 1.705 g cm-s. Hungchaoite is metastable with respect to inderite and mcallisterite in solution. Dehydration data are given.


Are "New Lanark" and "New Harmony" at the consecutive flow of Owen's Utopianism? The present work attempts to broaden the conceivability of new polity through communally shared experience and imagination of 19thcentury. This work also examines novel political idea and principle suggested by Owen who tried to link a potential of new society to humans' advance and change. Specifically, it clarifies the transition from New Lanark to New Harmony stems from not a response to the change of political environments, but a fundamental move in political idea, namely, a philosophy which constitutes a new society. On the contrast of extant research, which explain his thought with labor union or cooperatives, this work suggest that the fundamental of Owen's socialism is laid on human abilities to build a self-ruling and moral community, not on improvements of a social condition or an economical equity. He asked how to make people cooperative, not just an instrumental solution for constructing practical and rational organization. This work suggests that the change of Owen's political thought in New Lanark and New Harmony implies the matters of human being themselves and their mutual relations.


Electron paramagnetic resonance on chromium doped SrTiO3 samples grown using the Verneuil technique shows the presence of charge-compensated Cr3+-VO as one of the dominant chromium centers. The spin-lattice relaxation processes have been investigated in samples with both isotropic Cr3+ and Cr3+-VO centers in heavily doped SrTiO3. The relaxation of longitudinal magnetization was dominated by the sum of two exponentials with two time constants (i.e., a slow and a fast constant) at liquid-helium temperatures. The results of fitting the temperature variation of T1 suggest that the dominant exponential contribution is related to the spin-phonon relaxation time arising from the local phonon mode.


The last few years, increasing levels of DON (deoxynivalenol) have been recorded in Norwegian cereals, particularly in oats. In the same period, increased occurrence of F. graminearum has been reported in Norway as well as in the Western part of Europe. There may be several reasons for this change: Climate change, altered distribution of cereal cultivars, pathogen adaptation to cooler regions etc. We aim to clarify whether the increasing occurrence of F. graminearum in Norwegian cereals is connected to a change in the distribution of genotypes of this species. Fifty 'old' F. graminearum isolates collected from Norwegian grown cereals during the 1990s will be compared to a similar number of 'new' isolates collected in recent years (2005-2007). Isolates from Germany, Russia, Finland and the US will be used for comparisons. The genetic diversity of these about 110 isolates (50 'new', 50 'old' and 10 nonNorwegian isolates) will be investigated by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism). These isolates will also be identified phylogenetically and characterised to chemotype. In addition, some selected isolates will be assessed for aggressiveness on wheat and specific characters potentially important for fungal distribution such as in vitro growth rate, spore production and perithecia formation.


Various characteristics of a silicon bipolar transistor with amorphous SiC hetero-emitter are presented. Collector current density is remarkably enhanced by narrowing the emitter stripe width. Current gain over conventional transistor is obtained, simultaneously, srna11 temperature dependence of current gain is obtained. Performances of transi-stors with very high base impuriLy dose are also investigated.


Mass Attenuation Coefficient of X-rays have been determined for the ayurvedic Nano-medicine (Kasisa bhasma) of three brands in the X-ray energy range from 17.781 to 44.216 keV by employing good beam transmission geometry using the NaI(Tl) scintillation X-ray detector. The variation in X-ray mass attenuation coefficient (decreasing) with incident photon energy (increasing) was noted. And the XRD analysis confirms the crystalline nature of the nanomedicine with particle size ranging from 38.31 nm (for DKB) and 49.86 nm (for VKB) to 52.75 nm (PKB). Also we observed that, as the sample particle size is increased there is increase in value of mass attenuation coefficient of X-ray, this clearly reflects the mass attenuation coefficient values strongly depends on size of particles of the sample.


As new digital technology fundamentally changes the way people shop, retail firms are increasingly seeking to optimise their store portfolios so that they effectively support the provision of an omni-channel retail offer, which is leading to the decline of many traditional retail spaces. This thesis seeks to explore this issue, by considering why, in the face of such profound structural changes in retailing, the prevailing response of planners has been to re-emphasise support for 'town-centre-first', despite the fact that such an approach appears fundamentally misaligned with the issues that are driving decline today. Utilising a mixed methods approach, involving a detailed historical analysis of the evolution of retail planning in England and in-depth interviews with planners, this thesis seeks to understand why it is that town-centre-first continues to pervade as a strategic approach in retail planning. In doing so, it will be shown that retail planning exhibits evidence of having become path dependent, which, it is proposed, is reflective of an increasing tendency towards risk-averse decision-making in planning more widely. In considering why risk-aversion has become a dominant characteristic of decision making in retail planning, this thesis builds upon the small but growing body of literature, which proposes that 'fear', as an emotional state, has come to have a significant influence over the decision-making behaviour of planners. In doing so, it is argued that a culture of 'fear' within planning practice is acting to inhibit the development of radical solutions to the decline of high street and town centre environments, ultimately resulting in a continuation of existing strategic policy approaches.


A method for wireless communication modifies an actual buffer status report value to create a modified buffer status report that is reported to a base station. The modified buffer status report value results in the base station sending fewer uplink grants to a user equipment. The fewer grants result in transmission gaps in a first radio access technology of the user equipment. The user equipment may use those transmission gaps in the first radio access technology to communicate using a second radio access technology.


Most denoising and enhancement methods for color images have been formulated on linear color models, namely, the channel-by-channel model and vectorial model. In this paper, we study the total variation (TV) restoration based on the two nonlinear (or nonflat) color models: the chromaticity?brightness model and hue?saturation?value model. These models are known to be closer to human perception. Recent works on the variational/PDE method for nonflat features by several authors enable us to denoise the chromaticity and hue components directly. We present both the mathematical theory and digital implementation for the TV method. Comparison to the traditional TV restorations based on linear color models is made through various experiments.


S OF CURRENT LITERATURE Genesio Murano, Ph.D., and Rodger L. Bick, M.D. Editors Direct and indirect effects of chronic plasma protein infusion. DL Aronson, JS Finlayson. Bureau of Biologics, Bethesda, Md. Unsolved therapeutic problems in hemophilia. JC Fratantoni, DL Aronson (Eds). DHEW Publication # (NIH) 77-1089: 75-83, 1977. Despite the fact that severe hemophiliacs constitute the only large patient population infused with homologous protein throughout life, there is vanishingly little information on the effects of this chronic infusion. In this paper the authors determined the protein content and distribution in cryoprecipitates and six types of commercial Antihemophilic Factor preparations (two, high purity; four, inter mediate purity). After expressing their results as milligrams of a particular protein per 100 units of Factor VIII activity, they estimated the annual dosage of four proteins—albumin, IgG, fibrinogen, and cold-insoluble globulin—and compared these values with the computed annual synthesis of each protein. In the case of fibrinogen, the annual dosage exceeded 15% of that normally synthesized; for the other proteins, it was 3.3% or less. It appears unlikely that albumin or IgG accumulates during therapy. On the other hand, the effects of excess fibrinogen or other proteins (including biologically active trace components) not studied is unknown. The authors propose that surveillance of plasma protein levels and metabolism in hemophiliacs is needed.—GM Human thrombins: Production, evaluation and properties of α-thrombin. JW Fenton, MJ Fasco, AB Stackrow, DL Aronson, AM Young, JS Finlayson. Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, N.Y., and Bureau of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Md. J Biol Chem 252: 3587-3598, 1977. Highly purified human thrombin has been extensively characterized. Human α-thrombin undergoes a concentration dependent autolysis to β and 7-thrombin, and possibly other forms. These forms retain esterase activity, their ability to bind DFP and NPGB, but little if any coagulant activity. Isoelectric focusing revealed 3 major forms with pI's of: 7.0, 7.3 and 7.6. Thrombin generated by Factor Xa or by Taipan Snake Venom had identical primary structure(s). Functional studies showed a maximum specific activity of 3000 U.S. units/mg. While human thrombin is stable in the pH 5-10 range, it needs high ionic strength (e.g., 0.75 M NaCl) to (a) remain in solution and (b) retain its full clotting activity.—GM 268 Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 4: 3 (Winter) 1978


Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged in December 2019 and was later named Covid-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease is regarded to be the extremely contagious one with a high fatality rate worldwide. Therefore, the prediction and prevention of the disease are urgently needed. SEIR is a typical model of infectious disease propagation prediction. Hence, in this paper, we proposed a new model based on the SEIR model to predict the propagation of Covid-19 with the case study of the USA. Also, we use principal component analysis to evaluate the severeness of Covid-19 in each continent and propose an allocation plan of epidemic prevention supplies. Finally, the result of both models will be visualized by Python.


Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most economically important vegetable crop of India. India had 0.46 million ha under tomato with production of 8.4 million tonnes in 2000-01 (Anonymous, 2004). Economy of Rs.840 crore is involved in the tomato production of India. Out of this almost 9.7 to 10 per cent translocations of tomato economy occur in Maharashtra alone. Commercially available tomato varieties face to the problem of poor germination due to pre-emergence damping off or seed rot caused by various Pythium species, in addition to succumbs to post emergence damping off causing seedling mortality from 25 to 100 per cent. Different species of Pythium viz., P. aphanidermatum, P. debaryanum, P. butleri and P. ultimum have been recorded on tomato. Repeated isolations of affected tomato seedlings and rotten seeds yielded P. ultimum Trow. As pre and postemergence damping off is noticed throughout Maharashtra and it is a major obstacle in the supply of quality seedlings in required quantity in the peak demand period of transplanting. With the growing demand of tomatoes, it has become necessary to optimize the production and productivity of tomato by minimizing losses in by minimizing losses in diseases for reduction of losses in terms of seed rot and post emergence mortality, the present investigation on pre and post-emergence damping off in tomato were undertaken. In soil there are many pathogens which cause seed rot. To identify the causal organism of the damping off, it is necessary to prove the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus. Damping of disease is controlled with the use of bioagents viz., Trichoderma spp. To test the biocontrol agents, dual culture technique was used.


Peripheral blood cytopenia is frequently observed in HCV patients as in other chronic liver disease (1–3). Several pathophysiological mechanisms may be responsible for the onset of anaemia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia in HCV patients. Antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin is able to cure HCV and avoid liver disease progression in patients who achieve sustained virological response (SVR). However, the presence of haematological abnormalities before treatment may limit the eligibility to HCV therapy, as treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin is associated with variable degrees of myelosuppression and haemolysis (4, 5). Both European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) guidelines report peripheral blood cytopenia as a relative contraindications for HCV treatment (6, 7). The relevance of peripheral blood cytopenia as a factor potentially limiting the initiation and the outcome of antiviral therapy in HCV patients remains unknown up to now. In this issue, Giannini et al. (8) reported that the prevalence of peripheral blood cytopenia among a large cohort of HCV patients consecutively referred to their unit for HCV antiviral therapy during the last decade. Among the initial cohort of 3059 HCV patients, 49.7% were deemed not eligible for treatment according to EASL guidelines because of clinically significant co morbidities (31.8%), presence of decompensated liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (7.6%), or advanced age >75 years (10.3%). Among the 1538 patients meeting eligibility criteria for treatment, the prevalence of peripheral blood cytopenia was studied according to the cut-offs suggested by the EASL-HCV clinical practice guidelines which defined anaemia as a haemoglobin level < 12g/dl for women, 13g/dl for men, neutropenia as an absolute neutrophil count < 1.5 9 10/L and thrombocytopenia as a platelet count < 90 9 10/L. Those cut-offs are usually also used in clinical trials. According to those cut-offs, the prevalence of any peripheral blood cytopenia was 15.1%. Anaemia was observed in 8.9%, neutropenia was observed in 3.2% and thrombocytopenia was observed in 6.5% of patients. These haematological abnormalities were, as expected, closely related to cirrhotic status, and therefore, associated with higher serum bilirubin level and lower serum albumin level and also advanced age. Among the 233 patients with cytopenia, antiviral treatment was initiated in 40% and SVR was achieved in 37% of these patients; however, 58% of these patients were withdrawn from treatment. Looking at factors linked to treatment withdrawal, only low platelet count was significantly linked to treatment withdrawal but not anaemia, neutropenia or the presence of cirrhosis. The results of this study help to better characterize the extent of peripheral blood cytopenia as a relative contraindication, per se, to antiviral treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. One HCV patient of seven had peripheral blood cytopenia which potentially limits the initiation of antiviral treatment in patients who are otherwise eligible to treatment. However, this study is unable to assess whether or not, peripheral blood cytopenia is associated with higher treatment-related haematological complications or to a lower SVR? Anaemia is the more frequent haematological abnormality potentially limiting eligibility to treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. However, we do not know if pretreatment anaemia is associated with higher rate of treatment-induced anaemia and if it influences SVR. Treatment-induced anaemia with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, associated with variable degrees of myelosuppression and haemolysis, is observed in 15–30% of patients (9–12). In Genotype 1 patients, treatment-induced anaemia with pegylated interferon and ribavirin regimen is associated with increased SVR and early correction by erythropoiesisstimulating agents (ESAs) of early-onset anaemia during the first 8 weeks of treatment increase SVR by avoiding ribavirin dose reduction (13). A recent meta-analysis suggests that administration of ESAs, in case of anaemia during dual therapy, to avoid further ribavirin dose reduction or treatment discontinuation significantly improves SVR (14). In triple therapy with either boceprevir or telaprevir, a two-fold increase of anaemia was observed in phase II and III studies (9–12, 15–18). In cirrhotic patients, anaemia < 10g/dl occurred in 46% of treatment-experienced patients treated with telaprevir compared to 40% in non cirrhotic patients (19). With the boceprevir regimen, anaemia < 10g/dl occurred in 53% of patients with advanced fibrosis compared to 47% in patients with mild to moderate fibrosis (9, 10).


This ledger includes text of ordinances proposed and passed by the City of Clarendon and motions passed by the City Commission.


Probably for every people in each stage of social evolution the typical or basic fact is its prevailing or "working" constitution of the family. By the family constitution is meant, in all its wide implications, the vast complex of relations, internal and external, arising in nature's triad of personalities, the mother, father, and child. The changing quality of these relations is the measure, the yardstick, of social progress. As the ideal of the family rises civili zation advances.


Objective:To investigate the timing and procedure of surgical operation for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods:The clinical data of 49 patients with SAP from Jan.2002 to Jan.2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 49 cases,28 cases received non-operative treatment and 21 cases received surgical intervention.The overall mortality and overall curative rate were 16.3%(8/ 49),83.7%(41/49) respectively.The curative rates in non-operative and in surgical operative group were 82.1%(23/28),85.7%(18/21) respectively.Conclusion:Based on individualized comprehensive therapy,appropriate choice of timing and procedure of surgical intervention is vital to the prognosis of SAP.


This paper revisits the "move to the market" hypothesis proposed by Malone et al. (1987) and argues that, although compatible with empirical results, the theoretical basis of this hypothesis is flawed since no clear distinction is made between coordination mechanisms and forms of governance. Based on this distinction, a theoretical framework is developed which has two main advantages compared to other modes of explanation: (1) it can easily deal with a number of theoretical inconsistencies created by existing modes of explaining IT's impact on the organization of economic activity; (2) it allows for deriving a number of hypotheses which, if not rejected by empirical tests, allow for a greater degree of confidence in the nature of the causal relationship between IT and the organization of economic activity. The paper proceeds by first developing a set of hypotheses concerning IT's impact on coordination mechanisms and, building upon this analysis, developing a second set of hypotheses concerning IT's impact on governance forms. As a novelty, these hypotheses predict the increasing importance of associative forms of governance as IT is used to automate coordination mechanisms. Implications of these hypotheses from a management and a regulatory point of view are tentatively discussed.


The reconstruction of the international economy was one of the great achievements of the post-World War II era. This reconstruction led to the most remarkable boom in international trade and lending the world has ever seen.


My doctoral thesis entitled Comics in Midi-Pyrenees: the local "Bubble" from 1970 to 2008 is divided into three parts. The first part is about French comic strips at the beginning of the 1970's, when Haga fanzine (a short name coming from Haute-Garonne) has been created by the Friends of Comic Strips' Association. That fanzine, edited by Jean-Claude Faur and Jean-Paul Tiberi, has been at the root of the Toulouse National Comics Convention, which took place between 1973 and 1981. The Toulouse Convention started a year before the first Angouleme International Comics Convention, which took place in 1974. The latter welcame the most famous authors at that time: Tardi, Mœbius, Gotlib, Saint-Organ, Fred, as well as all the new local authors scriptwriters about to become famous too. The second part shows an overview of the Colomiers Convention, which is the second meeting around comics after the one in Toulouse. In order to do that, I refer to its history, its net of partners and speakers, and the exhibitions organized by the Colomiers Comics Department. Pedagogical and school initiatives around comics and new authors' works lead to an overview of local fanzines about comics from 1970 to nowadays. The third part focuses on the commercial sides: the different contributors of the economic sector of comics and the spreading of the 9th Art. Then there is a list of comics' editors, galleries and specialized bookshops in that area. The final chapter deals with some meetings with the main protagonists, drawers, scriptwriters and their work, as well as an overview of the local culture regarding comics and the production of comic books referring to a local, geographical and patrimonial history.


A study by Pianta et al published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation provides new evidence that the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may involve molecular mimicry, one of the most venerable models for the aetiology of rheumatic disease.1 Molecular mimicry represents the development of cross-reactive B or T cell responses to a component of an infecting agent. As shown in this study, the agent in question may be a commensal in the gut microbiome rather than a bacterium or virus inducing clinical disease.

While a violation of tolerance, molecular mimicry can occur due to the sharing of amino sequences by proteins from pathogen and host. If an immune response during infection goes awry, autoreactivity to the shared sequence can ensue. The most dramatic example of molecular mimicry is acute rheumatic fever (ARF), still a major problem worldwide. The scenario is now classic: within weeks of an infection with group A Streptococcus , usually pharyngitis, an inflammatory syndrome encompassing arthritis strikes a susceptible person. In ARF, the infection is obvious; the culprit bacterial antigen is the M protein.2

In a novel approach to finding molecular mimics, Pianta et al …


Abstract GaAs single crystals grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski method are compressed along '123' under a protective atmosphere of flowing Ar. The resulting stress-strain curves, which are rather similar to those observed in other III-V compounds, are analysed according to the beginning of plastic deformation and to dynamical recovery. The lower yield point is characterized by an activation energy of l·24eV and a stress exponent of 3·5. Both values compare favourably with those obtained from measurements of the dislocation velocity. From the strain-rate and temperature dependence of the stress τIII at the onset of the first recovery stage, an activation energy of approximately 2eV is derived, which may be regarded as a lower bound for the activation energy of self-diffusion of the slowest-moving species. Comparing these results with those obtained for other semiconductors corroborates a view increasingly supported in the literature, namely that moving dislocations emit or absorb point effects.


The nebular spectra of the broad-lined, Type Ic SN 2002ap are studied by means of synthetic spectra. Two different modeling techniques are employed. In one technique, the SN ejecta are treated as a single zone, while in the other a density and abundance distribution in velocity is used from an explosion model. In both cases, heating caused by γ-ray and positron deposition is computed (in the latter case using a Monte Carlo technique to describe the propagation of γ-rays and positrons), as is cooling via forbidden-line emission. The results are compared, and although general agreement is found, the stratified models are shown to reproduce the observed line profiles much more accurately than the single-zone model. The explosion produced ~0.1 M☉ of 56Ni. The distribution in velocity of the various elements is in agreement with that obtained from the early-time models, which indicated an ejected mass of ~2.5 M☉ with a kinetic energy of 4 × 1051 erg. Nebular spectroscopy confirms that most of the ejected mass (~1.2 M☉) was oxygen. The presence of an oxygen-rich inner core, combined with that of 56Ni at high velocities as deduced from early-time models, suggests that the explosion was asymmetric, especially in the inner part.


Int roduction. The best recent models of the solar nebula during its viscous stage are based on the concept of timedependent accretion disk theory (see for example Ruden & Pollack 1991, Stepinski 1998). Within this paradigm, the major point of contention is the precise mechanism of angular momentum transport (hereafter referred to as a disk driver). Many different mechanisms were suggested in the past, but presently magnetorotational instability (Balbus & Hawley 1991) (hereafter referred to as BH instability) attracts most attention because numerical simulations (Stone et al. 1996) show that this instability would indeed initiate and sustain turbulence capable of transporting angular momentum outward. Moreover, recent reexaminations of other potential drivers (Ryu & Goodman 1992, Balbus et al. 1996) rose some doubts about their feasibility. Thus, it seems timely to entertain an idea that the BH instability is the only, or at least the dominant, driver in all accretion disks including the solar nebula. For the BH instability to function, the disk must have a sufficient degree of ionization. However, the solar nebula was, overall, a poorly ionized object in which a peculiar pattern of the degree of ionization emerges (Stepinski 1992, Stepinski et al. 1993). The inner nebula is highly ionized due to thermal ionization and the outer nebula is also sufficiently ionized due to cosmic rays, however, the middle portion of the nebula is very weakly ionized. In the middle portion of the nebula only a couple of thin surface layers are ionized enough to allow the BH instability to work. Thus, layered accretion (term coined by Gammie 1996) is a simple consequence of applying the concept of the BH driver to physical conditions of the solar nebula.


LBNL-52223 Numerical simulation of the generation of secondary electrons in the High Current Experiment P. H. Stoltz Tech-X Corporation 5541 Central Ave. Suite 135 Boulder, CO 80301 ∗ M. A. Furman and J.-L. Vay Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 A. W. Molvik and R. H. Cohen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA 94550 (Dated: April 24, 2003) Abstract Electron effects in the High Current Experiment (HCX) are studied via computer simulation. An approximate expression for the secondary electron yield for a potassium ion striking stainless steel is derived and compared with experimental results. This approximate expression has a peak of roughly 55 electrons at normal incidence at an ion energy of 60 MeV. Using an empirical angular dependence, the secondary electron yield is combined with a numerical simulation of the HCX ion beam dynamics to obtain an estimate for the number of secondary electrons expected per ion-wall collision in the HCX. This estimate is that approximately 150-200 electrons per ion collision may result in the HCX.


A technique is presented for representing a defect density, such as might be found on an integrated circuit. Distributions are a powerful tool for presenting defect distributions for test structures and are convenient for yield analysis and modeling. How the concept of distribution can be extended to give more information on the defects is shown. The power of this approach derives from its invariability to test stricture geometry, which enables direct comparison of data from different structures. It is explained how and why defect distributions measured on test structures can be related to those of other structures, i.e. integrated circuits. The mathematics are simple and lead to a defect density which can be expressed in units of defects per geometric factor per independent variable. >


The utility model discloses a cutting device used for producing polyurethane heat preservation plates. The cutting device comprises a machine body and a cutting frame. A carrier roller mechanism is arranged on the top face of the machine body. A driving transmission mechanism and a driven transmission mechanism are arranged in the machine body. The driving transmission mechanism comprises a driving wheel, a first fixing plate and a driving conveyor belt, wherein a first hydraulic cylinder is arranged below the first fixing plate. The driven transmission mechanism comprises a driven wheel, a second fixing plate and a driven conveyor belt, wherein a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged below the second fixing plate. A waste material collection tank is arranged in the machine body. The cutting frame comprises supporting columns and a beam, wherein a third hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the beam and is connected with a cutter rest through a telescopic rod, and a cutting blade is fixedly connected with the lower portion of the cutter rest. The cutting device is simple in structure and high in practicability, the work efficiency and safety of the cutting device are improved, the use flexibility is improved, produced chippings can be collected, the environment protection is achieved, and the economic benefits are remarkable.


Somatoform disorders (SD) make up a group of entities with polymorphic expression, characterized by the relevance of somatic symptoms associated to a significant psychological stress whether or not noticeable, but without a defined structural basis. When the symptomatology is related to the nervous system, they are known as conversion disorders (CD). Their etiology has a multicausal and complex nature, having expressions in all the body systems. SD and CD have been scarcely studied in pediatric otolaryngology and are poorly reviewed during medical training. We performed a systematic search on SD and CD in pediatric otolaryngology in PubMed/Medline, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases. We included 49 references, mostly observational studies and narrative reviews. The most described clinical pictures were functional stridor, psychogenic deafness, factitious disorder, and psychogenic vertigo. The diagnostic process requires otolaryngologic and psychiatric evaluations. All studies showed that participants had some relevant affective alteration, although sometimes unnoticeable. Thus, some essential elements are social and school conRev. Otorrinolaringol. Cir. Cabeza Cuello 2021; 81: 113-121


Hard X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques are key tools with relevant applications across multiple fields. Here we briefly describe how these tools are implemented and used nowadays for the characterization of heterogeneous materials at the nanoscale. We shortly present the essential role of the associated instrumentation for reliable 2D and 3D data acquisitions with nanometer spatial resolution. Two examples exemplify the potential of hard X-ray modalities to provide new insights into hybrid perovskites for solar cells and nanowires for light emitting diodes.


Homogeneous acid catalysts are the most conventional catalysts used in esterification reactions. The applications of these catalysts cause some problems such as corrosion, loss of catalyst, and environment problems. In this work, the preparation of sulfonic acid functionalized magnetite encapsulated zirconia (Fe3O4@ZrO2-SO3H) has been reported. Structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of the magnetically supported catalyst have also been investigated by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Hammett acidity function and pH analysis. The obtained nano-catalyst was used in the esterification reaction of various mono- and dicarboxylic acids with different alcohols. The optimization of the reaction conditions and catalyst re-cycleability are also studied.


The fault tree/event tree methodology is widely used in the nuclear industry to obtain risk models for probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) studies. The classical methodology to assess these models is based on the computation of the minimal cutsets (MCS). The MCSs are essentially applicable for coherent fault trees. For many real PSA models, the full conversion procedure remains out of reach in terms of computational resources owing to their size, noncoherency, and complexity. A potential solution to improve the quality of assessment methods is to design hybrid algorithms that combine the information derived from the calculation of MCS with the Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) methodology [1,2,3]. BDD is a popular data structure for representation and manipulation of Boolean functions. It is based on the well-known Shannon decomposition, or Boole's expansion theorem, also called pivotal decomposition. In this paper, an implementation of the Shannon decomposition method is proposed for complex and non-coherent event tree quantification.


Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET), a specialized form of MANET in which safety is the major concern as critical information related to driver's safety and assistance need to be disseminated between the vehicle nodes. The security of the nodes can be increased, if the network availability is increased. The availability of the network is decreased, if there is Denial of Service Attacks (DoS) in the network. In this paper, a packet detection algorithm for the prevention of DoS attacks is proposed. This algorithm will be able to detect the multiple malicious nodes in the network which are sending irrelevant packets to jam the network and that will eventually stop the network to send the safety messages. The proposed algorithm was simulated in NS-2 and the quantitative values of packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, network throughput proves that the proposed algorithm enhance the security of the network by detecting the DoS attack well in time.


The solidification of alloys with a liquid miscibility gap, called monotectic alloys, is puzzling since decades especially compared to eutectic solidification to which they seem very similar. Alloys with exact monotectic composition solidify at the monotectic temperature by decomposition into a solid and a liquid phase and thus differ from eutectic ones only by the occurrence of a liquid phase at the nonvariant point. Alloys with hypermonotectic composition have to pass the liquid miscibility gap and thus a large region ahead of the monotectic reaction front is thermodynamically in a two-phase liquid state. Four different microstructures are observed in solidification of such alloys: fibrous arrangement of the liquid phase, string of pearls, irregularly dispersed droplet and fully segregated two layer arrangement. The paper reviews the monotectic solidification and the occurrence of fibres and string-of-pearls in light of new experimental results and describes the importance of nucleation in the case of hypermonotectic alloys when inoculants trigger the two-phase liquid microstructure.


Background: Despite intensive research efforts, the significance of microsatellite alterations in malignant tumors is not sufficiently understood. Since a possible causal connection between disease etiology and a germination mutation of the genes, involved in the mismatch repair mechanism, could be demostrated in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), the detection of microsatellite instabilities may be used to identify the so-called HNPCC syndrome. While the amount of proven microsatellite instabilities in sporadic tumor diseases is significantly lower than in the HNPCC syndrome, the mechanisms generating these instabilities have not been clarified yet. Their succesful measurement in serum, feces, urine, and sputum would extend the diagnostic repertory for tumor patients and possibly improve the early detection of neoplastic disease or its recurrence. Results: In this thesis, a PCR-based method was established for the analysis of microsatellite alterations in tumor specimens and serum samples. Three microsatellite markers were employed, including AR, ACTBP2, and UT762. The DNA of tumors and serum was analyzed and compared with the DNA of lymphocytes. Specimens of 43 patients with bronchial carcinoma (16 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), 27 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)) were examined. In 5 of the patients with SCLC (31%) and in 9 of those with NSCLC (33%) a microsatellite instability or a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was demonstrated in at least one microsatellite locus. The controls, which included samples of serum and lymphocytes of 10 healthy volunteers, did not show any microsatellite alterations. Outlook: The still poor prognosis of patients with bronchial carcinoma warrants further development of sensitive and reliable methods to improve early detection. Beyond this study, further microsatellite markers need to be tested in a sufficient number of patients with respect to sensitivity and specificity of tumor diagnosis. In addition, the prognostic significance of microsatellite alterations in tumor patients requires further investigation.


In traditional methods, fundamental diagrams (FDs) were calibrated offline with a limited number of links. Although few recent studies have paid attention to employing cluster techniques to calibrate link FDs for network level analysis, they were mainly focused on heuristic clustering methods, such as k-means and hierarchical clustering algorithm which might lead to poor performance when there are overlaps between clusters. This paper proposed a mixture model-based clustering framework to calibrate link FDs for network level simulation. This method can be applied to discover a relatively small number of representative link FDs when simulating very large networks with time and budget constraints. In addition, the proposed method can be used to investigate the spatial distribution of links with similar FDs. The proposed method is tested with 567 links using one year's data from the Northern California.


Salt is a crystalline aggregate of the mineral halite, which forms in restricted environments where the hydrodynamic balance is dominated by evaporation. The term is used non-descriptively to incorporate all evaporitic deposits that are mobile in the subsurface. It is the mobility of salt that makes it such an interesting and complex material to study. As a rock, salt is almost unique in that it can deform rapidly under geological conditions, reacting on slopes ≤0.58 dip and behaving much like a viscous fluid. Salt has a negligible yield strength and so is easy to deform, principally by differential sedimentary or tectonic loading. Significant differences in rheology and behavioural characteristics exist between the individual evaporitic deposits. Wet salt deforms largely by diffusion creep, especially under low strain rates and when differential stresses are low. Basins that contain salt therefore evolve and deform more complexly than basins where salt is absent. The addition of halokinetic processes to the geodynamic history of a basin can lead to a plethora of architectures and geometries. The rich variety of resultant morphologies have considerable economic as well as academic interest. Historically, salt has played an important role in petroleum exploration since the Spindletop Dome discovery in Beaumont, Texas in 1906. Today, much of the prime interest in salt tectonics still derives from the petroleum industry because many of the world's largest hydrocarbon provinces reside in salt-related sedimentary basins (e.g. Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, Campos Basin, Lower Congo Basin, Santos Basin and Zagros). An understanding of salt and how it influences tectonics and sedimentation is therefore critical to effective and efficient petroleum exploration. Within rift basins in particular, salt is seen to orchestrate the petroleum system. Through halokinesis it creates structural traps, counter-regional dips on continental margins, and it can carry or entrain adjacent lithologies via rafting. Salt influences synand post-kinematic sediment dispersal patterns and reservoir distribution and can therefore be important for the creation of stratigraphic traps. It can also form top and side seals to hydrocarbon accumulations and act as a seal to fluid migration and charge at a more regional scale. Salt may also dramatically affect the thermal evolution of sediments due to its high thermal conductivity. A thick layer of salt cools sediments that lie below it while heating sediments above it. This effect cannot be underestimated as it helps provide the favourable conditions for source rock maturation in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico and Santos basins, even though sedimentary overburden may be 5 km or more in thickness. Salt can also impact reservoir quality. The role of salt in the diagenetic history of reservoirs through its control on hydrothermal pore waters is a crucial element in the risking of the deepwater Palaeogene play of the Gulf of Mexico, for example. Salt continues to kinetically evolve through time, not only by the classical roller-diapir-pedestal-canopy/ collapse progression but also with varying rates of deformation, in response to changing sedimentation rates and patterns. The relative timing of salt movement and its impact on source, reservoir, trap, seal and timing often governs the prospectivity in saltrelated basins. Beyond the realm of petroleum, salt is also used as a resource for potash, gypsum and nitrates and has the potential to be employed as a repository for radioactive waste or a top seal to sequestered CO2.


Constant stress testing was used for characterization of creep behavior of a 1Cr0.5Mo steel plate in the ex-service condition. The tests were performed on creep machines equipped with Andrade-Chalmers type profiles, high sensitivity SLVC transducer extensometry, high stability temperature controllers, and facilities for monitoring the creep curves with an automatic data logging system. Ten creep machines of this type were used in this research, in an experimental work that lasted for one year. Three temperature levels were selected: 538, 565 and 593°C, with stress in the range from 52 to 224 MPa producing rupture times varying from 5 to about 3950h. The creep curves were all followed with great scrutiny using data logger scanning rates which enabled storing thousands of readings in each case. The experimental analysis involved measurements of minimum creep rate, rupture time and final elongation at rupture. The data were analyzed according to the classical phenomenological / physical relations (Norton, Arrhenius, Zenner-Hollomon, Monkman-Grant) and also considering five traditional parameterization methodologies (Larson-Miller, Orr-Sherby-Dorn, Goldhoff-Sherby, MansonHaferd and Manson-Succop). Comparisons are presented among the possibilities of data extrapolation from five different methodologies. Comparison is also made with creep results obtained on a similar plate of the same material in the virgin condition.


Synthesis techniques are developed for preparing magnesium nickel aluminum hydroxo salts having hydrotalcite-type layered structures and containing decavanadate ions in the anionic layers. Techniques are also developed for manufacturing oxide catalysts based on these salts for oxidative conversion of hydrocarbons and alcohols. The catalytic properties of the oxide catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of n-hexane and isopropanol are studied.


The utility model provides solar photoelectric and photothermal integrated conversion equipment which comprises a solar-cell panel and a flat plate collector, wherein, the solar-cell panel is provided with a front surface for receiving sunlight and a rear surface adhered to the flat plate collector through a heat-conducting bonding material; and the flat plate collector is spliced with the rear surface of the solar-cell panel and comprises at least one heat-transfer medium channel pipe and a heat collection piece, and the heat-transfer medium channel pipe is spaced from the heat collection piece. The solar photoelectric and photothermal integrated conversion equipment has the advantages that the temperature of the solar-cell panel is lowered, the generating capacity is increased and a life heat source is provided for people at the same time.


Bone resorption of distal phalanges, or acroosteolysis (AO), can develop in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), causing pain and functional limitation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether AO may be associated with abnormal osteoclastogenesis in SSc patients and whether hypoxia may be involved in this process.


The cases Commission v. Spain (C-127/12)[1] and Commission v. Germany (C-211/13)[2] have common features and, in both cases, the ECJ (second and third chambers) held that the two national measures at issue were contrary to the free movement of capital enshrined in article 63 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (2007)[3] and article 40 of the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement (1993).[4] Both cases were decided without an Opinion from the designated Advocates General Kokott and Mengozzi, respectively.


John Doyle et al. suggest that using scale-free network models to make predictions about the Internet can yield inaccurate results. The authors investigated the line of research portraying the Internet as scale-free, simultaneously unaffected by random losses of nodes yet vulnerable to targeted attacks on the hubs. Doyle et al. specifically examined the conclusion that the Internet has hubs through which most traffic flows, loss of which would fragment the Internet and leave it vulnerable to targeted attacks. Based on technological, economic, and graph theoretic reasons, however, the authors report that this model is not the case for a functioning routerlevel Internet. At the router level, the Internet does not appear to exhibit a degree distribution with a power-tail, and if it did, the other network properties would be unaffected. Most properties of the Internet were found not to correspond with those predicted by scale-free models. Scale-free network models are appealing in that they can generalize easily without incorporating Internet-specific structures such as protocol stacks and user heterogeneity, the authors say. However, predictions from these models yield results that appear to fall short when tested with actual data or when examined by domain experts. — R.N.


Physicians commonly encounter disorders of the prostate in the primary care setting, where shared decision making for prostate cancer screening should also occur. Hence, it is important for physicians to understand and differentiate the diagnoses of prostate disease. Initial evaluation should include a thorough history, physical examination, laboratory examination and imaging, if necessary. This article aims to provide a diagnostic and management approach for prostate disease.


The ad-hoc vehicular network is a sub stream of an adhoc mobile network where the nodes can converse and know each other by their periodic control packet dissemination. In vehicular network communication, the available bandwidth is limited. The parallel and multi-vehicle channel access will create an unwanted delay during the packet dissemination. The node may compete with each other to access the channel during parallel communication. The simultaneous channel access will increase network overload. The proposed approach will minimize the channel access collision through the variable time slots. Before any data dissemination, the node will send a Channel Booking Request (CBR) message to a correspondent node. The spectrum allocation is based on the type of vehicle and message_code. The concept has experimented with traditional routing protocols for overtaking assistance. The proposed approach is compared with the packet delivery rate, jitter, and packet loss rate.


We present the design and pilot study of QuickTales, a mobile storytelling platform through which urban gardeners can share gardening experiences. QuickTales was built as a response to design patterns, drawing on previous studies we conducted with residential gardeners and different gardening communities in a large Australian city. Given the diversity of needs and wants of urban gardeners, the intent for QuickTales was for it to serve as a multi-purpose tool for different individuals and groups across the local urban agriculture ecology. The evaluation provides initial insights into the use of storytelling in this context. We reflect on the use of design patterns to as they were used to inform the design of QuickTales, and propose opportunities for further design pattern development.


You don't know whether to laugh or cry at government plans to punish those who exhibit violent or potentially violent behaviour towards health service staff.


This paper presents a high-efficiency stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) lighting system which can provide functional illumination based on high-brightness light-emitting diodes (HBLEDs). HBLED with specific features of small size, long life and low power consumption will be choices of future light sources. In order to provide a steady-state operating environment for HBLEDs, a specially designed lighting power module is implemented. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and the on/off charging method are implemented in this system. Further more, a strategy to charge the battery is designed from the analyses and comparison results. The prototype of this microprocessor-based charger performs a good control on the switching modes among battery charge regulation and brightness control. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed photovoltaic lighting system.


The archaeological records prove the existence of a continuous settlement in Bayrakli Mound, located northeast of Izmir Bay, from the Bronze Ages until the Hellenistic Period. Migration movements to the Western Anatolian coasts beginning in the 11th century BC revealed the benefits of economic growth in Old Smyrna's socio-cultural structure and the city's identity as a Greek Polis. However, due to the importance of its geopolitical position and the outcomes of political events, the city was vulnerable to invasions from different powers. The military actions in the city which was captured by Lydia and Persia and later sieged by Macedonians (?) can be clearly recognized with archaeological data. Arrowheads are one of the sources of information for this data and are unquestionably the essential reference source among ordnance. Arrowheads, found in many places from the Near East to Anatolia and the Greek Mainland, were not only used in warfare, but they were also popular as a votive item given in the sanctuary and as a funerary offering left in the graves during burial customs.
In this study, arrowheads unearthed in Old Smyrna throughout the previous and recent excavations were examined in-depth, and classification was developed based on the arrowheads' shape and functional qualities. A total of 133 bronze and iron arrowheads were classified typologically and compared to similar samples acquired from nearby and distant sites. The arrowheads discovered in recent excavations, ongoing since 2014, have been dated together with the context. This study particularly emphasizes the correlation between the destructions associated with the military actions in the city and the arrowheads. Therefore, this study of bronze and iron arrowhead findings in Old Smyrna, one of the most important cities in Western Anatolia, will critically contribute to the literature.


Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) was harvested on two occasions during the growing season. Double harvesting yielded approximately 140 kg oil ha−-1. The first harvest was timed to coincide with a period of maximum oil yield per unit area (ca. 70 kg ha−1) and yielded an oil containing 39% menthol. The oil yield in the subsequent regrowth increased to approximately 70 kg ha−1, and when harvested at this stage the oil contained high levels of methol (53%). The oils produced from the double harvest programme could either be combined to resemble the Tasmanian single harvest oil or marketed as distinctive oil types. Organoleptic evaluation indicated that oil from crops 1 and 2 resembled Midwest and Yakima Valley, USA, oils, respectively. Double harvesting had no apparent adverse effect on the regrowth in the following season.


The deviation between an economy's estimated potential output and its actual level of output is known as the output gap. The goal of assessing the output gap is to determine the scope or limit for long-term non-inflationary growth and to assess policymakers' opinions on macroeconomic policies. Using the state-space model and Kalman filtering, the study used seasonally adjusted quarterly and annual GDP data from Nigeria. In order to state the predictability of output, the paper extended the univariate model to a multivariate model. However, we used the univariate Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter as a baseline for comparing the output gap. The result shows that the gap size varies depending on the approach applied. As a result, the model shows that inflation outperforms unemployment as the quantitative measure of Nigeria's output gap. The results were satisfactory, and the univariate unobserved component utilizing the Kalman


Radioinduced centers associated wfth heterovalent and homovalent impurities in alkali halide and magnesium oxide crystals are discussed in terms of a principle of extended charge compensation. The primary process in the initial, fast, stage of the x-ray coloration of nominally pure or deliberately doped alkali halides is the formation of such centers by the trapping of positive holes and the consequent creation of negative-ion vacancies. This is supported by experimental results on crystals of KCl-Sr, NaCl- Mn, and LiF-- Na, in which the amount of impurity actually in solid solution was determined by ionic conductivity measurements or electron spin resonance ob servations. Experimental evidence is presented to support the claim that partially dissolved impurities and the associated substructure of precipitates and dislocations play an equally decisive role in the second, slow, stage of x-ray coloration at normal temperatures. (auth)


Antidepressants induce antinociception. The exact mechanism of this effect is not clear. In this study, induced antinociception by antidepressants (fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram and zimelidine) was tested using the general opioid antagonist, naloxone and the kappa preferring antagonist, Mr2266BS. Antinociceptive activity of antidepressants in mice was assessed using the abdominal constriction assay. Briefly, acetic acid (1) was injected intraperitoneally (ip) and the incidence (writhes) counted for 20 minutes as a criteria for nociception. The decrease of writhes, in drug administered animals compared to control group, was calculated as a percentage of control values and designated protection (as a criteria for antinociceptive activity of the drug). All antidepressants tested demonstrated dose-related antinociception induction. Antinociception induced by fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline was significantly reduced by naloxone and Mr2266BS. In contrast, paroxetine, citalopram and zimelidine induced antinociception not modified by these two opioid receptor antagonists. These data demonstrate an opioid-like activity for some but not all, antidepressants.


This article discusses the recent CBCT litigation in the federal courts and analyzes the opinions of those federal trial and appellate courts which have considered whether such Electronic Funds Transfer System ("EFTS") terminals are branch banks. Further, it seeks to demonstrate that the manner in which this issue has been resolved by the courts can materially affect both the speed and direction of the development and implementation of Electronic Funds Transfer Systems.


GREAT CONFUSION still reigns among the general public in regard to Project Vanguard, the first United States earth satellite program created as a contribution to the International Geophysical Year (I. G. Y.). Vanguard was fated to become a so-called " propaganda failure " in what was to unfold in the popular press as a "space race." 1 Vanguard's scientific and technological accomplishments, overshadowed by the psychological impact of the Soviet Sputnik, deserve recognition beyond the space science community; inevitably they will receive full historical analysis. This paper only briefly examines how Project Vanguard came about, its role in the evolution of rocket technology, and the application of missile-derived rocketry to basic scientific purpose. At the end of World War II, a combination of circumstances led to a fortunate breakthrough in science which remarkably influenced our understanding of the universe and which led us into the engineering feats that became a central feature of the space exploration program. These circumstances, in 1946-1947, were the existence of surplus and captured military rockets and a few teams of highly specialized scientists, joined together in war, suddenly faced with the problem of getting back into basic scientific endeavors. One such group was at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).


Obesity is concerning because of the numerous health conditions associated with excess weight. Underlying mechanisms contributing to detrimental health outcomes are oxidative stress and inflammation. Fortunately, regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation is possible via antioxidants consumed through a diet adequate in fruits and vegetables. However, consumption of fruits and vegetables is below recommended amounts. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a nutrition education program and provision of fruits and vegetables on consumption of antioxidants and changes in inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Forty‐seven adults (16 men/31 women; 45.9 ± 11.8 y; BMI 32.7 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: control group received no intervention; education group attended weekly nutrition education lessons; fruit and vegetable group attended weekly nutrition education lessons and received one serving of fruits and two servings of vegetables daily for 10 weeks. Fasting blood draws and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants from three‐day food records were assessed. While changes in consumption were minimally associated with improvements in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, adequate and varied consumption of fruits and vegetables is recommended to aid in regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Sources of research support: scholarships, department grant


The Civic Administration Building in Palmerston North is often rated the ugliest building in the city. Dreamed of at the start of the 1970s, it was seen as eventually being the physical manifestation of Palmerston North's big city status (once Hamilton had been defeated). By the time it was completed at end of the decade it was a monument to austerity, having survived rampant inflation and central Government controls, and proudly declared as a "solid, practical unobtrusive building." This paper explores how the macroeconomic conditions of the 1970s shaped this transition from dream to practical necessity.


OSEPH SCHWANTNER IS one of those rare composers whose music has captured the imaginations of both the musical public and the musical establishment. While his works allude to a multiplicity of musical styles, both past and present, they maintain a clearly-directed compositional voice that is uniquely Schwantner's, and the larger dimension is based on a carefully planned, detailed structure-a feature of current compositional practice. Four works from 1977 to 1979 represent a turning point in Schwantner's compositional style, a move from a concentration on serial procedures to a greater stylistic variety.' Of the four, Sparrows (1979) is the most eclectic, with allusions to renaissance, baroque, romantic, and contemporary styles. These references are not meant to be true imitations; rather, each reference borrows some obvious features of a particular style, so that the listener forms associations. The effect of the many changes in


The generally positive results of restorative practices from a child–victim's perspective discussed in Chapter 5 make it an attractive alternative to the criminal justice process. However, Chapter 5 also showed that restorative justice can harm children. Therefore, it would be wrong to include child victims in the 'routine' practice of restorative justice. Rather, it might be appropriate to create specific programs for child victims, and perhaps special programs for specific crimes against children (i.e. family and sexual abuse), to enable adequate training, facilitation and investment that will produce safe and successful processes for children of various ages. In crafting such programs, a needs–rights approach can maximize their success and minimize the risks to children. Therefore, the needs–rights model will be used in this chapter to propose some guiding principles for action for child–inclusive restorative justice programs. Accordingly, this chapter translates the ideas and theories that were presented in previous chapters into practical methods within a restorative justice framework. Rights (Chapter 2) and needs (Chapter 3) are connected to principles for action. The Convention's four guiding principles of Best Interests, Equality, Participation, and the Right to Life, Survival and Development, adjoin the right to be protected from abuse and neglect, and the right to rehabilitation and reintegration — and form a human rights framework for child victims. To convert these human rights into practical principles and produce a holistic model, however, findings from the psycho–social literature regarding the needs of child victims are integrated. Following the model presented in the end of Chapter 3 (see page 78), these two disciplines are connected to create a combined needs–rights model. Related needs are linked with correlated rights to create clusters that indicate the interrelationships between them. The human rights principles provide the normative aspirations and identify areas that should be explored empirically. The psycho–social findings support (or potentially negate) the linked normative arguments, and help translating the general norms into principles for action.


Like other of Seamus Heaney's early poems,"The Tollund Man" registers a fear that the land may swallow or pervert one's selfhood, concluding with the line "I will feel lost, unhappy, and at home."1 Heaney feels himself lost while affirming cultural at-homeness; he is unhappy when he recognizes the lineaments of his home place, yet those lineaments are clearest when viewed from a distance and not at close range. In response to this dislocation, he asserts, or seeks to assert, control over space by creating three tropes of mastery. One is the archaeological dig, a delving into the land and the psyche; a second is ritual; and a third is Heaney's use of myth, which he employs to metaphorize the quality of Northernness. "Belonging," in this schema, is ultimately affirmed through a master trope of land as language: the bottomless bog is converted into a text. The poet, in turn, becomes both reader and writer, decoder and mystifier. In this schema, the psychic divisions that complicate the poet's relation to his home place can be glossed over, but the speaker always finds his position lacking. The land can never be perfectly owned. Heaney's work struggles to realize that belonging through continuity—of land, of language, of imagery, of ritual— may not be a sustainable ideal. Subsuming the local into a mythic masterplan will not allow the expression of a local identity; Heaney struggles to speak with a voice whose personality is not overborne by history even if this history is constructed by the poetic speaker himself. Each trope represents a distinct effort to establish belonging, yet, finally, Heaney's master narratives break down and leave the speaker in a liminal position, between an unsatisfying solipsism and subsumption of the individual into history. "Death of a Naturalist" is one of several early poems that established the tropic parallel of an encounter with the land as an encounter with one's own psyche. "Digging"—which opens Heaney's first collection, Death of a Natural-


Dr. Smyth is preparing for future publication, as he tells us in the preface, a volume on that ultimate problem toward which the natural sciences and our spiritual faiths alike lead up—the problem of personality as a fact in nature. The chapters which compose this present volume are a by-product of that larger study, and were given as a course of lectures upon the Taylor Foundation of the Yale School of Religion. If the forthcoming and larger volume is as suggestive and stimulating as this smaller one, we may well eagerly await it. In the first chapter the author shows in several aptly chosen illustrations the vast fields of knowledge that science is opening up as material for interpretation in the construction of a new natural theology. The watchword for that new theology is that it must be constructive. It must grip known facts, see them in their straight lines and right relations, discern their true proportion and perspective, but its final problem is one of values and meaning. Dr. Smyth next deals with the problems which confront one in this arduous quest and the method to be pursued. Taking bis stand on the "electron," that "last jumping-off place of physics into the unknown and inconceivable," he pushes fearlessly on that he may lead us to see the light and "interpret the spiritual expression that is on the very countenance of true science." It is admitted to be a venturesome attempt to approach the person of Christ from the nature side, and to read the meaning of human hie in the personal consciousness of Jesus. Yet "nature itself leads to the consummate Man, and the inner consciousness of the perfect man throws back its light on all that has been before him." Both the man of science and the man of faith have a right to stand on holy ground. When Moses saw the burning bush, he was a natural scientist when he said, " I will turn aside now, and see why the bush is not burnt." Moses was a religious man when from out the midst of the bush he heard God calling him, and he hid his face, for he was afraid to look upon God. In that presence he quickly forgot his question, "Why?" We may the more readily discern the revelation if we recognize how naturally from the midst of the material world the unconsuming flame shines out.


This study investigated the effectiveness of different physical therapy protocols on the autonomic modulation of heart rate, time of invasive mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different physical therapy protocols on the autonomic modulation of heart rate, time of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and length of hospital stay. Methods: This was a randomized clinical study with 20 children on IMV in an intensive care unit (ICU), between July 2018 and September 2019. The control group (n = 10) performed the hospital's physical therapy protocol and the experimental group (n = 10) performed the physical therapy protocol based on physical exercise. Results: Higher values of heart rate variability were found in the experimental group, both in individual and intergroup analyses. There was a significant reduction in the time of IMV and ICU stay. Conclusion: There was an improvement in heart rate variability, reduced time on mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the ICU in individuals who performed the study protocol.


The protective role of Bifidobacterium spp. (B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525) isolated from the fecal samples of healthy Koreans was investigated on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in mouse colon. In mice fed normal diet with DMH treatment, an average of 68.5 ACF/colon was formed, whereas in mice administered with B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525, the numbers of DMH-induced ACF decreased to 7.2, 10.9, and 6.6 ACF/ colon, respectively. The mean number of crypts/focus was not significantly altered. Fecal harmful enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase, tryptophanase, and urease, were effectively inhibited during the administration of these bifidobacteria to mice. These results suggest that bifidobacteria could prevent colon cancer.


In this paper, we address the problem of semi-blind parameter estimation of linear systems driven by chaotic signal. We propose an on-line expectation maximization (EM) based extended fixed-lag Kalman smoothing (EM-EFLKS) estimator to simultaneously estimate parameters of system along with the chaotic signal. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared to its offline counterpart, EM-EKS estimator, which achieves ML estimation performance but requires an entire sequence of observation to be processed backwards. Both theoretical analysis and numerical evaluations show that the EM-EFLKS is superior to EM-EKS and achieves the performance of non-blind estimator asymptotically.


The Hot Carrier solar cell has the potential to yield a very high efficiency, well over 50% under 1 sun. Multiple quantum wells have been shown to have significantly slow hot carrier cooling rates than bulk material and are thus a promising candidate for hot carrier solar cell absorbers. However, the mechanism(s) by which hot carrier cooling is restricted is not clear. In this paper is presented a systematic study of carrier cooling rates in GaAs/AlAs MQW with either varying barrier or varying well thickness. These allow an investigation as to whether the mechanisms of either a reduction in hot carrier diffusion; a localisation of phonons emitted by hot carriers; or mini-gaps in the MQW phonon dispersion are primarily responsible for reduced carrier cooling rates. With the conclusion that the interfaces between QW and barrier are primarily responsible for reducing carrier cooling rates through a mechanism of phonon confinement leading to phonon bottleneck restriction of phonon decay and hence re-heating of hot carriers. Some aspects of the consequent affect on the use of MQW as absorbers in a real hot carrier cell are discussed.


In an overview of recent research on the history of the family, Tamara Hareven (1991) points out that this field of study took its inspiration from developments in historical demography and from the "new social history" of the 1960s. Family historians, like other social historians, had "a commitment to reconstructing the life patterns of ordinary people, to viewing them as actors as well as subjects in the process of change" (ibid.: 95). The flowering of research in this field has provided us with a more detailed understanding of the relationship between social change and family life than was previously available. We have learned, among other things, that rather than a single trajectory of change from extended family life before industrialization to the nuclear family afterward, changes in family organization have rarely been invariant, linear, or unidirectional.