The observation of UEA-I binding sites of stomach by adjacent semithin and ultrathin sections. Shinichiro TSUYAMA, Kaori IHIDA, Nobuyuki KASHIO and Fusayoshi MURATA Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima On the observation of lectin histochemistry, the different bindings sometimes observed between HRP labeled lectin at light microscopic level and colloidal gold labeled lectin at electron microscopic level. To overcome this problem, adjacent semithin and ultrathin sections were cut and stained with lectin gold conjugate. Rat stomach was fixed with half strengh Karnovsky's fixative and embedded in Lowicryl K4M. Pairs of serial semithin and ultrathin adjacent sections were cut. Semithin section mounted on glass slide for light microscopy and ultrathin section mounted on nickel grid for electron microscopy were used. UEA-I lectin was labeled with colloidal gold by usual protein/gold conjugation method. Semithin section was stained with this conjugate and visualized by physical development and ultrathin section was stained with same conjugate. Excellent correspondence was obtained from light and electron microscopies. UEA-I bindings were found on covering mucous cell of superficial layer, mucous cell in foveolae and mucous neck cell. At electron microscopic level, mucous granules of covering mucous cell were strongly stained, and trans side of Golgi lamellae and mucous granules of foveolal mucous cell were also stained. Mucous granules of mucous neck cell were stained and heterogeneous stainability of these granules was found. At light microscopic level, this was also observed as mosaic staining. We conclude that this method is very useful for precise comparison if tissue shows the different results with HRP-labeled lectin at light microscopic level and gold-labeled lectin at electron microscopic level.


Poor paraphrasing can be a sign of underdeveloped writing skills that can lead to plagiarism. One example of poor paraphrasing is Rogeting, which is the substitution of words with their synonyms using Roget's thesaurus or other digital synonym providers. In this position paper, we discuss Rogeting as a form of poor paraphrasing that may lead to academic integrity breaches, such as plagiarism. We discuss methods of identifying Rogeted text, concluding with practical recommendations for educators about how to better support student writers so they can avoid Rogeting in favour of developing their writing skills.


When applying fluids to the surface of objects / vehicles, etc., the time delay t B. drying of paint or paint adapted to the spreading behavior of the fluid. Optionally, the fluid is partially on the object surface (13) applied by the fluid is first dried in individual sections (t1) before it is applied in the next section.


Recommended Citation Plamadjala, Natalija. "The role of devotion in jyotish astrological system. ii Jyotish is a lifelong study that embraces many other disciplines – philosophy, psychology, medicine, economics, astronomy, religious ritual and history, among others – and demands from its votaries an alchemical blend of logic and intuition, pragmatism and idealism, realism and imagination, and analysis and synthesis. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It gives me great pleasure to thank all those who have assisted in the writing of this thesis. In particular, I extend my gratitude to my supervisor: Frederick M. Smith who has given valuable advices and allowed freedom of thought. I am indebted to Melissa Anne-Marie Curley for her persistent and careful guidance during this project. I am grateful to Stephen G. Smith for sharing his astrological knowledge and to Patrick Dolan for helping me to correct and edit multiple drafts. Finally, I want to thank my husband, Konstantin, without whose support this project would be simply impossible.


A cycloidal propeller is an aircraft propulsion system that is composed by several blades rotating about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the flight direction. The rotor blades prescribe a periodic change on their pitch angle over a cycle of rotation. Many experimental, analytical and numerical studies have been developed in order to calculate force production and power required as well as the real simulation of the blades motion and the cyclorotor mechanical system operation. An important aspect of cycloidal propellers is the study of their efficiency both in hovering state and in forward motion considering 3D effects. For this purpose, it is developed a two-dimensional and three-dimensional CFD model of a cyclorotor whose blades describe the cycloidal path imposed by the pitch mechanical system control. Then, it is taken into account the experimental data for the proper validation. With the validated model, it presented and analyzed the 3D flow field around the cyclorotor under different operating conditions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO 2020) declared the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to be a pandemic (Viner et al. 2020; WHO 2020). Over the last six months, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated major challenges for society and the global higher education (Crawford et al. 2020) and medical (Chatterjee et al. 2020) communities, among others. Within this scope and having read the recent comments published in Webbia 75: 3-4 by the Editor-in-Chief, Riccardo M. Baldini, I couldn't resist offering my modest opinion based on my own experiences as a result of the disruption of activities due to the new coronavirus. In this note, I particularly follow up on Baldini's observations on how this epidemic has disrupted our society and changed our careers and professional endeavors in plant systematics and accessing natural history collections. In order to keep this note concise and in correspondence with Baldini's communication, I'll focus on some of the adverse effects and benefits that the COVID-19 epidemic has brought to our personal and professional lives in the herbarium and the field.


The tangential velocity distribution in the annular region of a turbo air classifier was investigated by laser doppler velocimeter(LDV).Six tangential velocities in the annular region were measured at an inlet air velocity of 18 m/s when rotary speed of the rotor cage was from 330 r/min to 1800 r/min.The results show that the effect of the rotary speed of the rotor cage on mean tangential velocity of air flow is little when the rotary speed of the rotor cage is less than 1200 r/min.However,the tangential velocity has something to do with the rotary speed of the rotor cage in the case of high rotary speed.The relationship between fluctuating degree of tangential velocity in the vicinity of the rotor cage and rotary speed of the rotor cage is defined as F.F value is large in the case of low rotary speed of the rotor cage.F value is minimum when the rotary speed of the rotor cage is equal to air velocity.F value becomes even with the increasing of the rotary speed of rotor cage.


Abstract Some new p-substituted diarylseleniumbis(trifluoroacetates), (RC6H4)2Se(CF3COO)2 where R = p-C2H5O, p-CH3O, p-Br, p-Cl and diarylseleniumchloro(trifluoroacetates), (RC6H4)2SeCl(CF3COO) where R = H, p-C2H5O, p-CH3O, p-CH3, p-Br or p-Cl have been prepared by the metathetical reaction between the respective selenium dichloride and silver trifluoroacetate. The compounds (RC6H4)2Se(CF3COO)2 are also obtained quantitatively by the reaction between the corresponding diarylselenoxide and tri-fluoroacetic anhydride. These compounds have been characterized by analytical data, X-ray powder diffraction, infra-red, 1H and 19F NMR and mass spectral studies.


We have shown by several physicochemical methods that the existence of different crystal habits for a given molecule does not necessarily imply polymorphism. For sulfamethazine, we found one polymorph, form 1, whose crystalline structure is published herein, and a methanol solvate.


This paper discusses the effect of audio versus guided tours on visitors' cognitive load at a national historic site. As more sites employ digital media devices to engage visitors, a better understanding of the impact of these devices on visitors' experiences at sites is needed. This research took place during the summer of 2008 at a Canadian national historic site and examined how tour type (audio or guided) impacted the visitor's learning process (cognitive load) and outcomes (learning transfer). The contextual model of learning, cognitive load theory, and learning transfer research were used as foundations to examine free-choice learning and the visitor's experience. The results show that the type of tour taken does affect the learning experience. Specifically, audio tour participants indicated greater cognitive load than guided tour participants. Participants' ability to transfer learning was not affected by tour type. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and directions for future research are identified.


Anelastic and dielectric relaxation measurements have been carried out on poled and unpoled samples of the ferroelectric perovskite (Na0.5Bi0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 (NBT-xBT), with composition in the range between pure NBT and the morphotropic phase boundary, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08. The complex elastic compliance spectra contain clear indications of both the rhombohedral/tetragonal and tetragonal/cubic transitions, allowing the determination of the phase diagram, which is difficult to obtain by diffraction techniques due to the very low distortions in both the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases and to the structural disorder in the Na/Bi sublattice. An extensive study is made for concentrations in the region of the morphotropic boundary (x ∼ 0.06) in order to find possible signatures of monoclinic phase, as for the case of PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT). The main features in the anelastic curves are compared with those in the dielectric spectra and are tentatively related to different modes of octahedral rotations and polar cation shifts.


TLCP/HNTs/PA66 in-situ composites were prepared by means of melts blending.The thermal conductivity properties as well as the mechanical properties and the morphologies of the composite were investigated.The results showed that the thermal conductivity properties together with mechanical properties were improved as the amount of HNTs increased.When the content of HNTs increased to 40 wt%,the thermal conductivity,heat distortion temperature,tensile strength,flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were increased by 134%,144%,15.3%,31.9%,231% respectively.SEM showed that HNTs and TLCP dispersed well in matrix,the micro fiber oriented from the fiber axis of TLCP and the net of thermal conductivity emerged.


Composite nanofiber films of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) containing Tb(AA) 3 phen were prepared by electrospinning technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and luminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the composite nanofiber films. TEM observation showed that Tb(AA) 3 phen was dispersed homogeneously in composite nanofibers. Luminescence measurements indicated that Tb(AA) 3 phen showed superior emission lines and stronger intensities in the composite nanofibers than in pure Tb(AA) 3 phen powder. The lifetime of Tb(AA) 3 phen also lengthened when it was incorporated in the composite nanofibers.


Deuterated methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl pyrrolidine, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline, 1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-dimethylamino-2,2-diphenylpentanoic acid have been synthesized for application to metabolic studies of methadone and as potential internal standards for selected ion monitoring methods. Mass fragmentation patterns are described based upon comparisons between labeled and unlabeled derivatives.


Objection:To evaluate multi-slice CT(MSCT) in the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis complicating with cholecystoduodenal fistula.Methods:MSCT findings of 6 patients with surgery proved cholecystolithiasis complicating with cholecystoduodenal fistula were studied retrospectively.Results:Of the 6 patients,there were atrophy of gallbladder(4 patients),enlargement of the volume of gallbladder(2 patients),stone in the gallblader(4 patients),no stome in the gallbladder(2 patients),gallbladder wall calcification(2 patients),air within gallbladder(2 patients),air within bile duct(1 patient),blurring of pericholecystic structures(6 patients),encasement of gall bladder and duodenum by soft tissue mass-like shadow(4 patients),intestinal obstruction due to gallstone with the stone located at terminal ileum(3 patients).Conclusion:MSCT has high spatial resolution and contrast resolution.When multi-planar reformation(MPR) technique is used and correlated with clinical materials,it plays an important role in the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis complicating with cholecystoduodenal fistula.


Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which specifically detect chicken TL1A (chTL1A) were developed and characterized. Both mAbs identified a 32 kDa E. coli-derived, poly-histidine-tagged fusion protein by Western blot analysis. Both mAbs identified TL1A-secreting cells in the chicken thymus, cecal tonsil, and bursa of Fabricius by immunocytochemistry, and were used to measure serum TL1A levels in normal and necrotic enteritis (NE)-afflicted chickens by antigen capture ELISA. These mAbs inhibited chTL1A-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production by HD11 chicken macrophages, and blocked the cytotoxic effect of chTL1A against LSCC-RP9 chicken B tumor cells. These new mAbs detecting chTL1A will be important immune reagents for basic and applied research in poultry immunology


Abstract In the present study, several multivariate analyses were carried out to assess the taxonomic relationships among European species of the genus Anthoxanthum. A total of 1787 Anthoxanthum specimens representing all European taxa were analyzed. Thirty macro-morphological (13 quantitative and 17 qualitative) and 29 micro-morphological (7 quantitative and 22 qualitative) characters were considered. First, resemblances between specimens were established independently for macro- and micro-morphological characters using Gower's similarity coefficient, and were represented by means of principal coordinates and cluster analyses. Subsequently, different multivariate analyses were applied to quantitative and qualitative macromorphological data to determine the most discriminant characters and the accuracy of the present taxonomic structure of the genus. Finally, dissimilarities among groups of individuals –species and populations- were estimated using the information radius measure and then represented in different dendrograms. Within annuals, Anthoxanthum gracile is clearly differentiated morphologically, yet no compelling morphological differentiation can be found between Anthoxanthum aristatum and Anthoxanthum ovatum. Moreover, the definition of subspecies in the annual taxa is not supported by our results. Then, within perennials, although the morphological relationships among Anthoxanthum amarum, Anthoxanthum odoratum and Anthoxanthum alpinum have also been resolved, further research is needed to assess the taxonomic position of the Macaronesian endemic Anthoxanthum maderense.


Summary When FSH is chromatographed on G-100 Sephadex in the absence of Blue Dextran, it elutes as a single peak in the region of monomeric FSH. The addition of Blue Dextran causes a significant portion of FSH, iodinated or uniodinated, to elute in the region of the void volume. When standard curves for FSH are performed under identical conditions, with tracer 125I-FSH from the void volume, and from the FSH monomer region, maximal immunoreactivity was significantly greater for the Blue Dextran-associated tracer. This work was supported by Chief Scientist, Israeli Ministry of Health, Mifal Hapayis, and Population Council.


OBJECTIVES
Investigation of a Plantago ovata seed containing supplement (Plantaginis ovatae semen and testa) to determine its effect on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intake in normal subjects.

DESIGN
Triple blind (subjects, investigators and statisticians) cross-over design. Three, 3-day study periods when subjects were given the following treatments in randomised order: Plantago ovata preparation (20 g granules with 200 ml water), placebo (20 g granules with 200 ml water), or water (200 ml) 3 hs pre-meal and the same dose immediately pre-meal. A set meal was given at lunch time after the supplement to subjects who had fasted overnight.

SETTING
Metabolic unit of King's College London.

SUBJECTS
Seventeen female subjects, all classified as non-restrained eaters.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Visual analogue scales were completely premeal, postmeal and at hourly intervals for 3 hs after the meal. All food consumed on the meal day, and the following day was weighed.

RESULTS
There was a significant difference in fullness at 1 h post-meal between Plantago and placebo, and also Plantago and water. Total fat intake was significantly lower in g/d and as a percentage of energy on the day of the meal after Plantago compared with water.

CONCLUSIONS
This plantago ovata containing product, which is already taken by many people world-wide to control bowel function, may be a useful supplement in weight control diets as it affects fat intake, and may have some effect on the subjective feeling of fullness.


This article is a part of record of a number of technical issues which we had encountered at during design and construction of the world best pulse neutron source at J-PARC. Among issues in the project, three critical decisions on the mercury target, AIC de-coupler adoption, and the para hydrogen coupled moderator, are highlighted from a view point of large impact on performances of the J-PARC pulse neutron source.


The speech level of èngghi-bhunten holds significant importance within the broader context of the ML and culture. It refers to a distinct level of speech that reflects cultural values, social norms, and a rich historical layer. This study examines the form, function, factors, and the context of using the ML èngghi-bhunten at the Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School Situbondo. This research is a type of qualitative research. The method of data collection is in the form of an observation method. The observations carried out included the listening-engagement technique, the free listening-engagement technique, supported by recording and note-taking techniques and supplemented by the interview method. The observation method was employed to observe the use of èngghi-bhunten speech level at Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School. The researcher recorded social interactions, usage contexts, and the underlying factors behind the use of èngghi-bhunten. Besides, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Madurese students (santri) who possessed knowledge about the usage of èngghi-bhunten. Through these interviews, the researcher gained a deeper understanding of the perceptions, meanings, and contexts surrounding the use of èngghi-bhunten. The collected data were then written in the form of orthographic writing. The analytical method used in this research is contextual analysis, namely the analysis method applied to the data by basing, calculating, and linking the context which is a means of clarifying an intention in the form of a situation related to an event. The results showed that (1) the èngghi-bhunten only used in the dhelem family (Kiai and Nyai); (2) santri always use ML èngghi-bhunten to Kiai and Nyai as a reflection of the Salaf pesantren and as a form of polite manners.


form of Persian iżāfah, are discussed. Views interpreting the whole structure were evaluated, and it was determined that the word phrases may not always have a meaning on their own. Based on the view that the similes can sometimes be extracted from the whole meaning of an expression, it has been argued that the mentioned phrases are actually elements of a compound simile. Each of the components of this compound simile corresponds to the landscapes that the poet compares in his imagination. Following these decisions, sample lines of the mentioned style were selected from the sections of Turkish balāgha books dealing with the similes, and the similes in them were discussed and reinterpreted. The approach offered in the article is supposed to contribute to the analysis of the couplet structure of classical poetry as well as the meaning of the word phrases in the couplets.


ABSTRACT The total fertility rate (TFR) of Taiwan has remained below the replacement level 2.1 for past thirty years. Currently, 16 of its 22 counties and cities have TFRs below 1.3, with TFRs in middle and southern Taiwan even below 1. In the recent decade, various pronatalist policies have been adopted in Taiwan to cope with the low fertility issue. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these policies. In order to identify the group(s) of women that should be targeted to increase the TFR effectively, we have constructed a stochastic model to perform an elasticity analysis. The results show that changes in marriage rates among women aged 25–29 years would have the largest impact on the TFR, with an elasticity value of 0.32. This means that every 1 per cent increase in the marriage rate of women aged 25–29 may increase the TFR by about 0.32 per cent (i.e. an increase of about 2.6 children per 1000 women). The TFR is also very sensitive in responding to changes in the marriage rate and parity-1 fertility rate of 30–34-year-old women, with elasticities of 0.19 and 0.16 respectively. The divorce rate has a small but negative impact on the TFR. Also, the possible contribution of third- and higher-order births is insignificant. These findings suggest that policies aimed at increasing the marriage rate among women in their late twenties and early thirties, and supporting first births of women in their early thirties, are likely to raise Taiwan's fertility rate effectively.


Microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic diversity and relationships among 14 Chinese main banana cultivars(Musa spp.) and 33 introduced accessions from International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain(INIBAP).Ten out of forty-seven microsatellite primer pairs amplified reproducible and discrete DNA bands,revealing a total of 92 alleles.The average number of alleles amplified by per primer was 9.2,ranging from 5 to 15.The sizes of PCR products were between 75 bp and 310 bp.The genetic similarity among the cultivars was estimated by the Jaccard coefficient,and the similarity value was between 0.1 and 1.Relationships among the cultivars were evaluated using the unweighted pair-grouping with arithmetic average(UPGMA) clustering.The dendrogram showed that the introduced accessions presented higher levels of genetic diversity than the main cultivars.All the cultivars tested could not be discriminated by the 10 primers.


The dynamics of wind-driven coastal upwelling and downwelling are studied using a simplified dynamical model. Exact solutions are examined as a function of time and over a family of sloping bathymetries. Assumptions in the two-dimensional model include a frictionless ocean interior below the surface Ekman layer, and no alongshore dependence of the variables; however, dependence in the cross-shore and vertical directions is retained. Additionally, density and alongshore momentum are advected by the cross-shore velocity in order to maintain thermal wind. The time-dependent initial-value problem is solved with constant initial stratification and no initial alongshore flow. An alongshore pressure gradient is added to allow the cross-shore flow to be geostrophically balanced far from shore. Previously, this model has been used to study upwelling over flat-bottom and sloping bathymetry, but the novel feature in this work is the discovery of exact solutions for downwelling. These exact solutions are compared to numerical solutions from a primitive-equation ocean model, based on the Princeton Ocean Model, configured in a similar two-dimensional geometry. Many typical features of the evolution of density and velocity during downwelling are displayed by the analytical model. Dana Duke, Paul Sinz 2 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Professor Paul Choboter for creating this research project and for his guidance throughout the process. Also, thanks to JP Horton for his unwavering support, Maple skills, and large contributions to this research. This project could not have been completed without the aid of both. May they live long and prosper. Dana Duke, Paul Sinz 3


Data attrition compromises the ability of scientists to validate and reuse the data that underlie scientific articles. For this reason, many have called to archive data supporting published articles. However, few successful models for the sustainability of disciplinary data archives exist and many of these rely heavily on ephemeral funding sources. The Dryad project is a consortium of bioscience journals that seeks to establish a data repository to which authors can submit, upon publication, integral data that does not otherwise have a dedicated public archive. This archive is intended to be sustained, in part, through the existing economy of scholarly publishing. In 2009, Dryad commissioned the development of a cost model and sustainability plan. Here we report the outcome of this work to date. The sustainability efforts of Dryad are expected to provide a model that may be exported to other disciplines, informing the scale needed for a sustainable "small science" data repository and showing how to accommodate diverse business practices among scholarly publishers, funding agencies and research institutions.


Self-rated health is deemed a parsimonious and multi-dimensional indicator of overall health, predictive of mortality. The current study evaluated personal as well as spousal predictors of self-rated health in older adults given the influence of partners over the life course. Hierarchical regression analyses assessed individual and dyadic (spousal) predictors of self-rated health for 552 couples from the Iowa version of the Established Populations for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly (EPESE). Individual predictors of education, depressive symptoms, and number of chronic conditions were predictive for both husbands and wives. No spousal variables were significant. Further analyses should be employed to test for interactional effects of spouses on self-rated health.


Spaceborne radiometers have provided critical information of atmospheric water vapor and precipitation through sounding channels around 183 GHz. Understanding the performance and characteristics of these channels is important for hardware assessment, refining radiative transfer model, and improving science product. Whereas atmospheric water profiles from ancillary operational or reanalysis data are widely used for RTM simulation of 183 GHz, they cannot well represent the real atmospheric conditions due to the intrinsic nature of water/precipitation heterogeneity and variability. In addition, these ancillary data are with limited spatial (∼100 km) and temporal (several hours) resolution. As a result, significant errors propagate into simulation. The combined radar and radiometer of GPM core observatory measure both vertical profile and total column radiance and therefore can well retrieve water profiles with fine spatial resolution and instaneous temporal resolution. We have developed a scheme using the combined retrieval product for simulating ATMS radiance. A rigorous simulation is performed with considering the field of view matchup, variation of beam size along cross-track scanning, radiometer spectral response, and antenna pattern convolution. It is shown that the simulated brightness temperature agree well with observation. The scheme can combine DPR/GMI product and different radiometers for instrument assessment and model refinement.


Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder and prolonged suffering from the diabetes leads to damage the several vital organs due to excessive oxidative stress. On the other hand, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent the oxidative stress as evidenced from the various literatures. Therefore, we hypothesized the dietary intake of omega-3 rich fish oil could be beneficial in the management of diabetes and thus protect the several organs from the oxidative damages. Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus, by repeating the intra peritoneal injection of Alloxan (100mg / kg body weight). Half of the diabetic mice were fed ad libitum the pellet feed blended with 10% laboratory extracted fish oil from Sardinella longiceps for one month in the laboratory. Various biochemical parameters pertaining to oxidative stress were measured along with the histology of the various organs like heart, kidney, liver and pancreas and the expression of certain cytokines and other m RNAs was measured by one step reversed PCR. The results suggest the prophylactic effect of dietary intake of Sardinella oil in diabetic mice by regulating the expression of cytokines and other marinas along with the increase of ant oxidant molecules in various organs.


The CBC3 is the latest version of the CMS Binary Chip for readout of the outer radial region of the upgraded CMS Tracker at the High Luminosity LHC. This 254-channel, 130 nm CMOS ASIC is designed to be bump-bonded to a substrate to which sensors will be wire-bonded. It will instrument double-layer 2S-modules, containing two overlaid silicon microstrip sensors, aligned with a parallel orientation. On-chip logic identifies Level-1 trigger primitives from high transverse-momentum tracks by selecting correlated clusters in the two sensors. The CBC3 was delivered in late 2016; wafer probing and performance tests have been carried out. Several prototype modules using the CBC3 have been produced and tested in the lab and in different beams. The results show that the CBC3 satisfies CMS requirements and only small corrections are needed for the final version of the chip for production. Presented at HSTD11 11th International Hiroshima Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors The CBC3 readout ASIC for CMS 2S-modules K. Uchidaa,∗, G. Auzinger, S.J. Bell, J. Borg, D. Braga, J. Goldstein, G. Hall, L. Jones, M. Key-Charriere, P. Murray, S. Seif El Nasr, M. Pesaresi, M.L. Prydderch, M. Raymond Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1TL, UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK


This thesis contributes a computationally efficient echo tail canceller. The proposed structure is an adaptive version of the Interpolated FIR (IFIR) filter. The results obtained with this new approach are compared to those obtained with an AFIR direct form echo canceller. The proposed system requires approximately 31% of the hardware of the AFIR echo canceller. A two-stage echo canceller utilized in the U-interface at Basic Rate Access-ISDN is investigated. The first stage (Main Echo Canceller) is comprised of an AFIR filter which cancels the main echo pulse amid the first few symbol intervals. Cancellation of the echo tail is performed by the AIFIR tail canceller. To evaluate the performance of this architecture, echo impulse responses were produced for the Bellcore loop structures. These investigations were on the effects of parameters such as the passband edge and the stopband attenuation of the interpolator as well as length of the first stage echo canceller. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


. The flashback phenomenon in tubes has been known and studied for several decades. The classical analysis of this phenomenon is based on the determination of a critical velocity gradient that delimits the boundaries of flame flashback as a function of the mixture properties. However, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly with regard to the effect of CO 2 dilution, which is important for predicting the safety of Brazilian pre-salt facilities. Accordingly, the general objective of this work is to experimentally determine the influence of CO 2 dilution on the flame flashback of gaseous air/hydrocarbon mixtures. In particular, the critical velocity gradient was determined for CH 4 /air mixtures with CO 2 -diluted fuel (0, 10 and 30%). For comparison purposes, measurements were also performed on propane/air mixtures diluted by CO 2 or by N 2 . For both diluent species, a reduction in the maximum value of the critical velocity gradient was observed with the increase of the dilution. Such as behavior was associated to the corresponding decrease with dilution of the laminar flame speed, which was computed using two chemical kinetics models.


Iris hollandiaca cv. Prof. Blaauw was grown in 8 different media which included sand loam soil (River sand) and Sphagnum moss peat and various combinations between them 4: 1 , 3: 1 , 2: 1, 1: 1 (v: v) , also a mixture of sand loam soil and loam soil in two levels 4: 1 , 3: 1 had been used. The results showed that sphagnum Peat gave best growth and significantly increased flower diameter, stem diameter, flowering stem`s fresh weight and weight of bulbs and bulblets, and differ significantly from the other growing media. Adding of Sphagnum peat in several proportion and loam soil at lower ratio to sand loam soil had significant effect on most studied characters compared with sand loam soil. Studied treatments have no significant effect on plant height and number of bulblets.


American Realism (along with most of the subsequent post-modern legal movement) affirms that interpretation of law is de facto the free (i.e. arbitrary) creation of a rule by a judge, since the meaning is always created by the interpreter who assigns to the text a meaning that did not previously exist. This could be seen as an example of improvisation in law. But, I argue, the allegedly free creation of law by the judge interpreting the law is not a complete example of improvisation in law: even when creating new meaning, judicial interpretation of law turns out to be another linguistic formulation of the rule which still has to be translated into a practice (i.e. executed). Indeed, in improvisation music is not formulated through linguistic symbols (the notes) but is directly performed; it's formulated through its realisation. So is the realisation of a norm, which is something different from the interpretation of the legal rule, though not completely irrelevant to it.


Objective TO explore and study the clinical effects of the internal fixations of proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) and dynamic hip 'serew(DHS) for femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Methods 100 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture admitted into our hospital from April, 2009 to April, 2013 were selected as study objects and randomly and eqUally divided into two groups. 50 patients (PFNA group) were .treated by the internal fixation of PFNA and the other 50 patients (DHS group) by the internal fixation of DHS. They were followed up for 9-18 months. The curative effects of both groups were observed and compared. Results The: volumes of intraoperative bleeding and of the postoperative drainage were smaller and the postoperative weight-loading walking time and healing time were shorter in the PFNA group than in the DHS group. The Harris hip function scores were increased in both groups after the treatment; the hip function scores, motion ranges, and synthetic scores were increased more but the hip joint score of deformity less in the PFNA group than in the DHSgroup. The incidence of postoperative complications of the PFNA group was 6.0%, which was significantly lower than that of the DHS group (26.0%), with a statistical difference (P〈0.05). Conclusions PFNA has better curative effects than DHS in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture and has greater comparative advantages in intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative healing time, and weight-bearing walking time. Comparing with DHS treatment, PENA treatment causes fewer postoperative complications and recovers hip joint function better, so it can be the first treatment choice for patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

Key words:
Internal of fixation PFNA;  Internal fixation of DHS;  Femoral intertrochanteric fracture;  Curative effect


After a brief introduction, basic ideas of the quantum Riemannian geometry underlying loop quantum gravity are summarized. To illustrate physical ramifications of quantum geometry, the framework is then applied to homogeneous isotropic cosmology. Quantum geometry effects are shown to replace the big bang by a big bounce. Thus, quantum physics does not stop at the big‐bang singularity. Rather there is a pre‐big‐bang branch joined to the current post‐big‐bang branch by a 'quantum bridge'. Furthermore, thanks to the background independence of loop quantum gravity, evolution is deterministic across the bridge.


A new configuration for dielectric resonator filters with in-line structure and pseudoelliptic response is presented in this paper. The proposed concept is realized through the use of TE01δ single-mode resonators with different orientations cascaded along an evanescent mode waveguide. By exploiting a pair of orthogonal evanescent modes that can alternatively by-pass or excite the resonators, cross-coupling between nonadjacent pucks can be established and properly controlled. Pseudoelliptic filters can indeed be designed without using cumbersome cross-coupled architectures or reduced spurious performance dual-mode resonators. The experimental result of a 6th order filter with two transmission zeros in the lower stopband validates the proposed approach.


In making excavations at Redland, on the edge of Durdham Down, about 45 years ago, some conglomerates, associated with Carboniferous Limestone, were opened up, which contained the teeth and scattered and broken bones of reptilia, described by Messrs. Riley and Stuchbury in the 'Proceedings of the Geological Society' for 1836 under the names of Thecodontosaurus and Palæosaurus. As they were then the oldest known reptilia and of a high order, much interest has always attached to them. A few years since, in drainage-works at the same spot, this conglomerate was again crossed, and some other bones added to the series deposited in the Museum of the Bristol Philosophical Society. The collection has since been reviewed and described by Professor Huxley, F.R.S., and an account of the physical characters of the district given by Mr. Etheridge, F.R.S. Much uncertainty has prevailed as to the geological age of the Durdham-Down conglomerate. At first it was supposed to be Permian; but we have as yet no conclusive evidence of true Permian beds in the West of England. Mr. Etheridge has placed it on the horizon of the Dolomitic Conglomerate of the Keuper; whilst, owing to the discovery by myself of the same genera of reptilia, under somewhat similar physical conditions, in the Rhætic deposits of Holwell, and since then of true Rhætic remains on Clifton Down, I had referred them to the latter age—a point to be reviewed below. In my paper on the abnormal conditions presented in the Frome district I especially


A new technique integrating drying and incineration of sewage sludge in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB) was applied,and cold experiments were conducted.The diameter of main bed which coupled with the fluidized bed dryer was 150mm,and the height was 3500mm;the pneumatic control valve used in the tests was asymmetric.The results show that the key factor which influences the system's safe and steady operation is the coupling performance of pressure in two circulation circuits: the solids were returned to the main bed directly and the solids were returned through fluidized bed dryer;The influence of main bed fluidization velocity on circulation flow rate of the system and returning flow rate of pneumatic control valve in two sides is similar,but the variation rate of flow rate in these two sides is different.The pressure balance pipe connecting the main bed side and fluidized bed dryer side on the pneumatic control valve is important for the steady operation of the system of the integration of drying and incineration of sewage sludge in a CFB.


Motion planners for autonomous driving improve traffic safety through collision-free motion generation along the path. However, conventional motion planners render passengers uncomfortable as a result of jerky motion. To overcome this, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) based motion planner that not only ensures safety but also improves driving comfort. The proposed planner generates path tracking and collision-free maneuvers to ensure safety, and improve driving comfort by minimizing acceleration and jerk. Collision-free maneuvers include vehicle following and overtaking. The target speed is determined by comprehensively considering path tracking performance improvement and whether overtaking is possible. The speed of the vehicle is controlled by considering longitudinal acceleration and jerk minimization. The steering command is determined by considering both path tracking error reduction, and lateral acceleration and jerk minimization. In cases where vehicle overtaking is required and during high-speed driving conditions, the consideration of lateral acceleration and jerk minimization increases to improve driving comfort. The proposed planner is formulated as a convex optimization problem. The effectiveness of the proposed planner was evaluated in path tracking and collision avoidance simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed planner ensures vehicle safety through lane keeping and collision avoidance, and improves driving comfort.


The establishment and maintenance of cellular identity are ultimately dependent upon the accurate regulation of gene expression, the process by which genetic information is used to synthesize functional gene products. The post‐transcriptional, pre‐translational regulation of RNA constitutes RNA processing, which plays a prominent role in the modulation of gene expression in differentiated animal cells. The multi‐protein Exon Junction Complex (EJC) serves as a critical signaling hub within the network that underlies many RNA processing events. Here, we identify a requirement for the EJC during early vertebrate embryogenesis. Knockdown of the EJC component Eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 (Eif4a3) in embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis results in full‐body paralysis, with defects in sensory neuron, pigment cell, and cardiac development; similar phenotypes are seen following knockdown of other "core" EJC protein constituents. Our studies point to an essential role for the EJC in the development of neural plate border derivatives. Developmental Dynamics 239:1977–1987, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In recent years, scholars have begun to criticize prior research on intercultural communication for taking the "interculturality" of encounters for granted. Second language acquisition research has also been criticized for using the binary categories of native and nonnative speakers (NS/NNS) as the researcher's, not the participants', resource. Building on conversation analytic research that seeks to elucidate the actual dynamics of social categories in the unfolding interaction, the present study explores the ways in which being a NS or NNS of Japanese is interactionally achieved by the participants. Microanalysis of videotaped interactions reveals how the finely orchestrated use of various resources (i.e., talk and embodied actions) by the participants make their categories as NS/NNS recognizable and relevant. NSs' practices of making NNSs' "inappropriate" uses of language appear "appropriate" are also discussed in contrast with NSs' practices of holding accountable other NSs who make similar mistakes.


The main aim of this article is to answer the question of how populist governments of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela and Evo Morales in Bolivia affected the freedom of the media in countries governed by them. The text discusses actions made by the leaders who wanted to secure their unrestricted access to the mass media, stifle independent media and make them obedient to the government in order to build a positive image of the authorities. This article also made an attempt to perceive an analogy between Chavez's and Morales' decisions and to make a comprehensive assessment of the effects of these interventions.


Objectives: Whereas the neurotropism of EBV is well known, many clinical and therapeutical aspects of cerebral EBV infection are uncertain. An animal model of human cerebral EBV infection is not available. Material and Methods: Clinical data of patients with neurological EBV-related complications are compared with a newly developed animal model of cerebral EBV-infection. Results: Performing detailed serological and PCR studies, we found EBV infections in 20 out of 159 consecutive children with inflammatory neurological diseases. This included EBV reactivations in 11 cases. The patients showed typical (encephalitis, headaches, neuritis, ataxia) and unusual presentations (temporal lobe encephalitis (TLE), hydrocephalus). Immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy performed in selected cases was ineffective. To study cerebral gamma-herpesvirus infections we established a new animal model. It is based on nasal infection of newborn BALB/c wild type mice with MHV-68, a gamma-herpesvirus closely related to EBV. 50% of the mice developed cerebral lesions strikingly similar to human cerebral EBV infection. Even hydrocephali and TLE were observed. Conclusions: This new animal model represents a promising tool to study immunological, virological and therapeutical aspects of neurological diseases caused by gamma-herpesviruses. It confirms the important role of herpesviruses, in general, for inflammatory temporal lobe diseases.


During the last few years a programme of creep tests under general stress systems at elevated temperatures has been carried out at the National Physical Laboratory (N.P.L.), using four metallic alloys (a cast 0.17 per cent carbon steel, an aluminium alloy—RR. 59, a magnesium alloy containing 2 per cent aluminium, and a nickel-chromium alloy—Nimonic 75) chosen as representative of basic groups of materials used in practice, and tested at temperatures lying within their normal working range.In this paper an effort is made at a general comparison of the complex stress creep characteristics of the materials, and such generalizations as appeared possible.Appendices are provided, dealing respectively with: experimental data for one of the materials (data for the others having been published elsewhere); the effect of hydrostatic stress on complex stress creep, and specific examples of application of the data.


This study presents an efficient finite element analysis technique which shows great versatility in modelling of precast composite flooring system subjected to static loadings. The method incorporates sliding and opening in the analysis of composite structures using the interface element which was specifically designed to simulate the actual behaviour at the interfaces between contacting materials. A three-dimensional finite element model of the precast composite slab which exhibits discontinuous behaviour was performed to demonstrate the potential and applicability of the proposed method of analysis. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the overall response of a discontinuous system to external loading is significantly affected by the bonding condition at the interfaces between the contacting materials.


Abstract In single-screw extrusion the simulation of the plasticizing process by means of software tools becomes more and more important. These programs need mathematical models that have to be improved continuously to simulate the process values realistically. A two-part article presents an analytical approach to calculate the pressure/throughput and drive power behaviour of wall-slipping polymers in the melting section of single-screw plasticizing units. The investigations that are conducted are based on the notion commonly found in the literature of a melt film forming between the barrel and a compact solid bed, with the simultaneous development of a melt pool. As boundary condition for describing the wall slippage, a critical shear stress, as of which a slippage process commences, and also a slippage-velocity-dependent shear stress is assumed. In this first part of the publication, the investigations focus on the processes that take place in the melt film. A new model is developed for describing the process behaviour in this area.


This study measured the influence of a woman's marital and parental sta.tus on her perceived sexual accessibility. The prediction whs that a divorced woman would be viewed as more sexually accessible than a single woman and a divorced woman with children would be viewed as more sexually accessible than a divorced woman without children. Forty-five male and forty-five female subjects read a short script that described a woman in a social situation and conipl^ted a. questionnaire. The script varied only in the described marital and parental status of the stimulus woman. A 3 X 2 between subjects analysis of variance with three experimental conditions and sex of subject as a secondary independent variable was used in the statistical design. Questionnaire responses indicated that there was no overall significant difference in the perceived sexual accessibility among conditions nor was there any main effect of sex of subject. It was concluded that a woman's sexual experience, at least as defined by her marital and parental status, is probably not a primary or sole factor in the devaluation


Previously, we have proposed an access point (AP) allocation algorithm in indoor environments for the Wireless Internet-access Mesh NETwork (WIMNET) using one gateway (GW) to the Internet. WIMNET consists of multiple APs that are connected wirelessly mainly by the Wireless Distribution System (WDS), to expand the coverage area inexpensively and flexibly. In this paper, we present two extensions of this algorithm to enhance the applicability to the large-scale WIMNET. One is the multiple GW extension of the algorithm to increase the communication bandwidth with multiple GWs, where all the rooms in the network field are first partitioned into a set of disjoint GW clusters and then, our previous allocation algorithm is applied to each GW cluster sequentially. The APs in a GW cluster share the same GW. The other is the dependability extension to assure the network function by maintaining the connectivity and the host coverage, even if one link/AP fault occurs, where redundant APs are added to the AP allocation by our previous algorithm. The effectiveness of our proposal in terms of the number of APs and the throughput is verified through simulations using the WIMNET simulator.


Would the court allow the disconnection of electricity or services to be restricted if parties have agreed. The agreement relates to a rule of the homeowners' association that allows it to invoke this power in the event an owner fails to pay levies or penalties. It further binds the owner's tenant for the owner/landlord's failure or infringement. The South African high court in Free State province confirmed that such a rule is binding on the owner and her or his tenant.


Modern integrated circuits still exhibit unexplored ESD failure modes. In this work, the trigger voltage of the base pushout driven snapback in parasitic bipolar devices is identified as a limiting value for the ESD concept design and the cause for damage in a 0.13 /spl mu/m technology. Its strong dependence on base control by standard ESD protection elements is considered carefully. Effective countermeasures on circuit and device design level are examined by thermo-electrical device simulations and theoretical estimations.


Continuous-time data conversion and continuous-time DSP are an interesting alternative to conventional methods of signal conversion and processing. This alternative does not suffer from aliasing, shows superior spectral properties (e.g., no quantization noise floor), and enables event-driven flexible signal processing capabilities using digital circuits, thus scaling well with technology. However, this approach has so far been limited by the power dissipation of the continuous-time ADC. We present a novel continuous-time ADC architecture suitable for this approach, that allows a programmable, highly compact, and power-efficient circuit implementation, while preserving the benefits of continuous-time ADC/DSP systems. In the process, first-order quantization error spectral shaping has been added, which improves the baseband SNDR. Implemented in 0.65-V 28-nm FDSOI process, the 0.0032mm2 ADC achieves 32-42 dB SNDR over a 10-50 MHz bandwidth while consuming 24μW, giving an FOM of 3-10 fJ/conversion-step. The ADC shows signal-amplitude-dependent power dissipation with a zero-input power of 8 μW.


This article presents a rationale and method for introducing a hypertext authoring assignment in a professional writing course in computer‐aided publishing. We define the technology and its relations to print. We then describe a rhetorically centered pedagogy that incorporates portfolio assessment, collaborative authoring, and real world projects for teaching hypertext within the context of situated problem‐solving theory.


This paper presents a novel isolated three-phase induction generator with constant frequency and adjustable output voltage using a three-phase STATic COMpensator (STATCOM). The proposed electricity generating system consists of a dual stator-winding and STATCOM. In this generator, there are two sets of windings to be embedded in the stator slots. One, referred to as the 3-phase power winding, supplies power to load and the other, called 3-phase excitation winding is connected to a space vector modulation (SVM) voltage source invertor (VSI). Due to magnetic coupling between stator windings, active power transfer occurs between them. This active power causes serious disturbance in generator performance. A closed-loop controller for STATCOM is used to supply only requested reactive power and prevent active power transfer. In this paper, a hydraulic turbine and its governing system used for controlling requested active power amount by load are modelled. In comparison with other isolated induction generators, important advantages of this one are constant frequency independent from prime mover speed and adjustable output voltage.


As a new strain of computer malware is discovered, it triggers a meticulous process of analyzing its behavior and developing appropriate defenses. A systematic process which identifies regions of commonality and variability with known samples can ease the burden of malware analysis. We address this challenge using an interdisciplinary approach which applies biological sequence analysis methods to computer malware. Specifically, we have developed a method which has the goal of classifying a digital artifact (possibly malware) based on its similarity to known digital artifacts (or known malware samples) using methods and tools of bioinformatics. Our approach is analogous to classifications of biological sequences, which are routinely performed using online databases of known biological sequences.


The PBL method elevates independence and interest of students;evidence-based medicine emphasizes the clinical evidences and is beneficial to designing reasonable individualized treatment.It is very important to build a new teaching method which combines PBL with evidence-based medicine so as to cultivate medical talents.


Novice drivers aged 18 to 25 are over-represented in road accidents in Australia and overseas. This is due in part to poorly-developed risk perception skills. This paper describes a driving simulator experiment which compared the effectiveness of two training techniques in enhancing the risk perception skills of novice car drivers: avoidance learning and mediated instruction. Mediated instruction was found to be superior and resulted in skill transfer for at least a week after training. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E200232.


Review(s) of: Ross Thomas, The Classic Robert Logan Jack Map Collection: Melbourne: Ross Thomas, 1999. 1000 numbered copies, xii, 106p., ill, port., maps ; 420 x 297 mm, hard bound. ISBN 0646370146. $300. Available from: Ross Thomas, Operations Manager, Mansell Mining and Shotcrete Services, PO Box 308, Mount Isa, QLD 4825. Ph. 07 4749 1150 or 0405 550 4332.


This study sought to examine the support provided by the Department of Basic Education (DoBE) and the Department of Health (DoH) towards dyslexic learners in Rustenburg public schools. The study was qualitative in nature, and three officials were purposively selected from each department. The interviews were used to get data from the participants. The findings revealed that both the DoBE and the DoH were not providing the necessary support to schools with dyslexic learners. The results further revealed that the existing alliance between the two departments was not effective with regard to addressing the learning problems of dyslexic learners. Therefore, the study recommends that there is a strong need for the two departments to collaborate by sending language practitioners and psychologists to schools to assist teachers and parents in identifying and supporting learners with dyslexia.


Shows that for medical images study, a mixture of Gaussian distributions provides the best fit for the majority of the non-zero coefficients, and using those conclusions, the quantification process can be improved compared to classical JPEG compression method.<<ETX>>


This paper reviewed the use of ANSYS finite element program in analyzing the engineering structures containing defects or cracks. It is provided a fracture mechanics module which is capable to model the crack tip efficiently. In studying the cracks in elastic medium, linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is used where the crack-driving force called stress intensity factor, J-integral, energy release rate is provided as indicators of failure. There are three approaches can be used to calculate the stress intensity factors (SIF) such as Displacement Extrapolation Method (DEM) and Interaction Integral Method (IIM). Energy Release Rate (ERR) is calculated using Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) then it is converted to SIF. Based on the comparison, it is found that DEM, VCCT and J-integral techniques produced the SIFs are almost closed to the results obtained from open literature. However, IIM method lead to under estimate the SIFs.


Wet mechanical alloying (MA) were used to prepare amorphous soft magnetic Fe75Si20B5 (at.%) powders starting from elemental powders of Fe, Si and B. The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the powders were investigated. It was found that wet MA leads to the amorphisation of the alloy after 40 hours of wet milling using benzene (C6H6) as process control agent (PCA). The influence of the wet MA process on the saturation magnetization of the powders was investigated. Amorphous powder of Fe75Si20B5 (at.%) obtained by wet MA route was used to prepare compacts by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The chosen sintering temperature was 800, 850 and 900 oC. Toroidal samples of Fe75Si20B5 (at.%) were investigated in DC and AC magnetization regime and their magnetic properties were correlated with sintering parameters, compacts density and phases evolution during sintering.


The electromagnetic fields affecting the personnel during the maintenance of the
traction network from the leiter are considered. The results obtained during calculations using the
methodology developed at IrGUPS and implemented in the Fazonord software package show that the
electric and magnetic field strengths exceed the permissible levels for electrical personnel


The invention discloses a preparation method of a fruit and vegetable beverage. The beverage uses carrot, wolfberries, Tuckahoe and stevia rebaudiana as the raw materials through squeezing and blending process. The selected raw materials have numerous benefits for human, and are scientifically blended into the beverage, so that the beverage is a new type healthy beverage.


Microbial natural products among other functions they play a vital role in the disease prevention in humans, animals and plants. Pseudomonas parafulva CRS01‐1 is a broad‐spectrum antagonistic bacterium present in plants. However, no natural products have been isolated from this strain till date. Corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters to natural products is an effective method for bioprospecting, for which, genome manipulation tools are essential. We previously developed Pseudomonas‐specific phage‐derived homologous recombination systems for genetic engineering in four Pseudomonas species. Herein, we report the application of these recombineering systems in Pseudomonas parafulva CRS01‐1, along with structural elucidation and bioactivity evaluation of natural products. The Pseudomonas recombineering toolbox established before in different four species is efficient for genome mining and bioactive metabolite discovery from more distant species.


Beef is one of expensive animal protein sources compared to other meats, on the other hand, chicken is cheap animal protein source. Mixing of chicken into beef meatball is possibly performed to decrease production cost. The aim of this study was to detect chicken contamination in beef meatball using Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene by duplex-PCR. Sample was designed and prepared as follows, 100% of chicken meatball, 100% of beef meatball and serial level of chicken contaminations in beef meatball (1, 5, 10 and 25%, respectively). Isolation of DNA genome from meatball was according to the guideline of gSYNCTM DNA Extraction Kit for animal tissue. The PCR reaction was carried out using KAPA2G Fast Multiplex Mix. This study found that the DNA genome was succesfully extracted. Moreover, chicken contamination in beef meatball was indicated by the presence of 227 bp DNA band on 2% of agarose gels. Current study revealed that duplex-PCR using Cyt b gene as a genetic marker was able to detect chicken contamination in beef meatball until 1% of chicken meat in the sample. It can be effectively used to identify contamination and also authenticate species origin in animal products to protect consumer from undesirable contents in the food.


OBJECTIVE To study the noncovalent binding between puerarin (PU) and two plasma proteins,such as human serum albumin(HSA) and α_ 1 -acid glycoprotein(AAG). METHODS The molecular weight of puerarin, human serum albumin,α_ 1 -acid glycoprotein and their complexes were measured by the electrospray iontrap mass spectrometry(ESI-MS). The maximum stoichiometric ratios were obtained according to the molecular weight change of the complexes before and after binding reaction, the binding constants of the complexes were calculated by the scatchard equation. The main sorts of binding force of the complexes were deduced according to the relationship between the reaction temperature and the thermodynamic parameters . RESULTS The binding constants(K) and the maximum stoichiometric ratios were 7.59×10~ 4 mol·L~ -1 ,and 1∶5 for PU-HSA,and 8.01×10~4 mol·L~ -1 and 1∶8 for PU-AAG, respectively.The main sorts of binding force of the complexes between puerarin and the two plasma proteins were static-electricity gravitation. CONCLUSION ESI-MS is a good method for studying the drug-protein noncovalent binding due to its some advantages in sensitivity, high-speed and accuracy .


The use of improved genotypes as well an increased understanding of the role of intensive silviculture have made southeastern pine forests some of the most productive forests in the world. The objectives of this research were to determine how two superior loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) genotypes, representing two distinct ideotypes, respond to manipulations of nutrient availability. Second, based on estimates of carbon (C) capture and loss, predict how treatment responses may influence net ecosystem productivity (NEP). A combination of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus fertilization and the incorporation of high C to N logging residue (LR) provided a range of nutrient availability. We found both clones increased aboveground growth in response to fertilization, but to different degrees. Additionally, there were large differences in aboveground biomass partitioning in response to LR incorporation between clones. Finally, there were significant clonal differences in soil CO2 efflux indicating that there may be strong differences in NEP between genotype and nutrient availability.


The paper presents a method for deciding how best to operate a multipurpose reservoir which is subject to conflicting demands. The method is based on decision theory. It can be used to derive reservoir rule curves when flow forecasts are not available or to provide guidance in real time on what is best to do when forecast information is available. Because of the complexity of reservoir operation, decision theory could not be applied directly. A special bridge between theory and practice had to be devised. The procedure is illustrated by application to Okanagan Lake in British Columbia, a lake which is operated as a reservoir for both flood control and storage of water for irrigation purposes.


WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN (1) that, when dwarf mice from the purebred Silver strain are used throughout, a recombination of isoelectrically insoluble and soluble fractions from extracts of the anterior pituitary yields potentiation beyond their additive growth-stimulating effects by as much as 10 to 20-fold. The significance of this conclusion has been questioned by Boettiger and Osborn (2) who present data for untreated dwarf mice that show as much growth as most of our treated dwarfs. Since the statement had been repeatedly published that, under the conditions of our laboratory, dwarf mice from the pure-bred Silver strain do not show any significant growth after weaning, it was not deemed necessary to publish the records for the untreated dwarfs that were actually carried in every group of treated dwarfs as controls on the daily variations in food and other environmental influences.


Congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the most prevalent and fatal of all birth defects. Deciphering its causes, however, is complicated, as many patients affected by CHD have no family history of the disease. There is also widespread heterogeneity of cardiac malformations within affected individuals. Nonetheless, there have been tremendous efforts toward a better understanding of the molecular and cellular events leading to CHD. Notably, certain cardiac‐specific transcription factors have been implicated in mammalian heart development and disruption of their activity has been demonstrated in CHD. The homeodomain transcription factor NKX2–5 is an important member of this group. Indeed, more than 40 heterozygous NKX2–5 germline mutations have been observed in individuals with CHD, and these are spread along the coding region, with many shown to impact protein function. Thus, NKX2–5 appears to be hypermutable, yet the overall detection frequency in sporadic CHD is about 2% and NKX2–5 mutations are one‐time detections with single‐positives or private to families. Furthermore, there is lack of genotype–phenotype correlation, in which the same cardiac malformations have been exhibited in different NKX2–5 mutations or the same NKX2–5 mutation associated with diverse malformations. Here, we summarize published NKX2–5 germline mutations and explore different avenues in disease pathogenesis to support the notion of a multifactorial cause of CHD where possibly several genes and associated pathways are involved. Hum Mutat 31:1–10, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Since the naturalistic turn in the late 20th century the social sciences understood culture as anevolutionary process in its own right. This perspective brought new conceptual tools andmethods to our understanding of culture, and its transmission. This article reviews the mainapproaches in cultural evolution: memetics; the standard evolution approach and the epidemiology ofrepresentations. It argues that those approaches share a common view of what the subject matterof culture is. In short, these approaches have an Itemic View on Culture: they understand andtreat culture as a collection of items that are in people's brains and environment that aretransmitted by the individuals of a population by non-genetic means, so that over time, theyare stabilized.


In 1998, Cai and Cusick proposed a lattice-based public-key cryptosystem based on the similar ideas of the Ajtai-Dwork cryptosystem, but with much less data expansion. However, they didn't give any security proof. In our paper, we present an efficient ciphertext-only attack which runs in polynomial time against the cryptosystem to recover the message, so the Cai-Cusick lattice-based public-key cryptosystem is not secure.


The new calibration system for gas metering was recently set up by the French bureau of metrology (BNM). After a brief background, this paper outlines how the different official test houses have access to the national standards. In order to assure the overall consistency of the system, intercomparison tests are periodically carried out and presented in this article. Finally, the numerous limbs between legal and engineering metrology are addressed


A circulate iterative blind deconvolution (CIBD) algorithm to restore turbulence-degraded images in the frequency domain is described, which focus on enhancement of accuracy and rapidity. The accuracy is enhanced by beginning with random frame and gradually increasing new frame to circulate iteration to get satisfactory restoration. Some measures are implemented to improve convergence rate, such as estimated point spread functions (PSF) by correlation matrix, adaptive steplength updating rule, condition of iterative termination and scaled projection gradient strategy. The experimental results of simulation show that the algorithm is efficient to reconstruct the degraded images from remote ground-based observations under different atmospheric turbulence intensities, and its performance is better than traditional multiframe blind deconvolutions (MBDs).


Atomic defects exist in various heterojunctions and can remarkably affect their properties, yet it remains a challenging task to identify each individual defect. Here, by combining advanced transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we obtain a structural and element-selective imaging of defects at an interface between MgO and SrTiO3. We demonstrate that even for structurally simple MgO and SrTiO3, their interface involves a defect complex comprising of substitutional Ti and Mg vacancies, which induce a marked shift in electronic states. The Ti atoms diffused into MgO exhibit a valence state of +4 and a certain degree of covalency to the surrounding oxygen. Such an ability to determine defects allows us to precisely alter heterojunctions so as to critically improve the device performances.


The model and numerical results presented are mainly intended for researchers who are nowadays trying to design efficient and inexpensive solar concentrators for solar cells by using plastic optical fibers doped with suitable dyes. One issue discussed in this work is the feasibility or not of lengthening the doped fiber in order to collect more light. Another one is the feasibility of increasing the dopant concentration with the aim of favoring the absorption of the impinging sunlight. We clarify both issues, and we discuss the most suitable type of dye, by calculating the achievable electric power in each case.


Based on the Practical experiences in teaching this essay attempts passing the examples to use the way of thinking of mathematical modeling applied in mathematics teaching process of permeate the trial.


The Karangkamulyan site is an archaeological site of m egalithic, Hindu Buddhism and Islam. This site was developed as one of the attractions in Ciamis District. However, the utilization as a learning resource in history learning is lacking. The method of research is descriptive qualitative method. The findings showed that visitors who came to Karangkamulyan site were dominated by the general public with the objectives of nature tourism, while the problems found from the school were there were no permission from the principle, limited hours of study, the additional cost to the location, not distributed publications about Karangkamulyan site. The conclusion of this paper is that this site can actually serve as an effective historical learning resource considering its location close to the schools. Karangkamulyan site can be utilized by using the method of learning field trip / excursion.


1 Bhutan has targeted becoming the world's first country with an entirely organic agricultural production1,2. As well as aligning with the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)3, achieving 100% organic agriculture would support Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH) index by benefiting human health and improving ecological diversity4. The goal includes Bhutan's most important cereal crop, rice, which accounts for around 22% of the country's total crop production by value5. Currently, Bhutan produces only about 47% of its domestic rice consumption6, relying on imports for the rest2. Given rice's importance in the national diet, and supply vulnerabilities exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, Bhutan's government has prioritized improving selfsufficiency in rice, with a 60% target6.


The new structures overflow of hydrocyclone was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method and the flow characteristics were observed,and then compared with conventional overflow of hydrocyclone.The separation efficiency and pressure loss of new structure overflow were determined and analyzed by experiment in different operating parameters,which provide the basis for structure optimization of overflow.


Steam distillation and extraction equipment(SDE) and GC/MS were used to analyze and determine the volatile materials from the bark of Pinus yunnanensis Franch.76 materials were identified,amounting to 74.00% of the total peak area.The principal constituents in the volatile were(+)α-terpineol(15.23%),α-pinene(12.02%),3-carene(9.33%),(-)-4-terpineol(3.62%),1-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene(2.94%),camphor(2.30%),borneol(2.06%),4-tert-butylphenol(1.82%),camphene(1.68%),1-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-benzene(1.58%) and methyl dehydroabietate(1.50%).


Objective To study the MRI findings of spinal hemangioblastomas.Methods The MRI findings of spinal hemangioblastomas proved pathologically in 29 cases (20 males,9 females) were retrospectively reviewed.Results The lesions were single in 12 cases (41.4%) and multiple in 17 cases(58.6%).Seven patients combined with intracranial hemangioblastomas.On unenhanced MRI,36 tumors were isointense on T 1WI and T 2WI,16 were mixed iso-hypointense on T 1WI and mixed iso-hyperintense on T 2WI,one was hypointense on T 1WI and hyperintense on T 2WI.Small hemangioblastomas tended to be isointense on T 1WI and T 2WI.After contrast injection,all tumors enhanced markedly and homogenously with clear borders.21 tumors in 17 patients had associated vascular flow voids on T 2WI.40 tumors in 27 patients were associated with syringes or cysts.Conclusion Hemangioblastomas of the spinal cord are often multiple and in company with intracranial hemangioblastomas.The marked contrast enhancements with clear borders and associated vascular flow voids are the most important signs on MRI.


Abstract. The Gulf Stream and Kuroshio regions feature strong sea surface temperature (SST) gradients that influence cyclone development and the storm track. Previous studies showed that smoothing the SSTs in either the North Atlantic or North Pacific yields a reduction in cyclone activity, surface heat fluxes, and precipitation, as well as a southward shift of the storm track and the upper-level jet. To what extent these changes are attributable to changes in individual cyclone behaviour, however, remains unclear. Comparing simulations with realistic and smoothed SSTs in the atmospheric general circulation model AFES, we find that the intensification of individual cyclones in the Gulf Stream or Kuroshio region is only marginally affected by reducing the SST gradient. In contrast, we observe considerable changes in the climatological mean state as well as a reduced cyclone activity in the North Atlantic and North Pacific storm tracks that are shifted equatorward in both basins. The upper-level jet in the Atlantic also shifts equatorward, while the jet in the Pacific strengthens in its climatological position and extends further east. Surface heat fluxes, specific humidity, and precipitation also respond strongly to the smoothing of the SST, with a considerable decrease in their mean values on the warm side of the SST front. This decrease is more pronounced in the Gulf Stream than in the Kuroshio region, due to the larger decrease in SST along the Gulf Stream SST front. Considering the differences of the different variables occurring within/outside of a 750 km radius of any cyclone over their entire lifetime, we find that cyclones play only a secondary role in explaining the differences in the mean state between the smoothed and realistic SST experiments.


Gait phase analysis is widely used in disease diagnosis, rehabilitation training, and other fields by studying the characteristics of human gait. It systematically evaluates human body's skeletal muscles and nerves with combined disciplines. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors are extensively used in attitude detection because of its high-precision, portability, and good real-time performance in time-domain analysis. In this article, we presented a multi-degree-of-freedom MEMS gait detection method, which resolved the problems of single sensor and limited gait phase. We designed a sensor-based gait signal acquisition system, in which gait data acquisition program and feature analysis algorithm were compiled to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. We performed coordinate transformation and corrected position information to eliminate the gait phase detection error caused by random noise interference. Acceleration and angular velocity information were collected from 20 experimenters. We applied an adaptive threshold gait phase detection algorithm to classify the gait information collected by single sensor. To improve the results of gait phase classification, we used multisensor redundant measurement to analyze characteristics of five gait phases. The acceleration and angular velocity information collected by the three sensors placed at instep, ankle, and thigh were input into support vector machine (SVM). The classification results of the five gait phases are approximately 90%. Lastly, we built a human body structure model to simulate human motion in real time, realizing the real-time gait phase detection, which proves effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Social engineering attacks have drawn more and more attention from both academia and industry, due to the serious threats they pose to information security via exploitation of human vulnerabilities. Unlike technology-based attacks, which have been investigated for decades, there is no efficient security requirements analysis approach for dealing with social engineering attacks. One major obstacle to this problem is the uncertainty of human behavior, making it difficult to effectively assess social engineering attacks. In this paper, we investigate the nature of social engineering attacks and identify their essential factors. Based on such findings, we formulate the problem of social engineering attack assessment, which can be quantitatively calculated using probabilistic model checking. Finally, we present a research agenda that details critical research directions and discusses corresponding challenges.


In this letter, ascorbic acid was used as a novel and environmental friendly reducing agent in the synthesis of high-quality L-cysteine-capped CdSe nanocrystals. The X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscope results show that the as-prepared CdSe quantum dots (QDs) had a cubic crystal structure with an average size of 5 nm. The synthetic conditions were optimized by adjusting the n(L-Cys)/n(Cd2+), pH, and Cd/Se molar ratios. Under optimum conditions, the quantum yield of CdSe QDs reached 22%.


The thriving of Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty lasted almost a hundred years from the late years of Kangxi's reign,through Yongzheng's and Qianlong's reign,to the early years of Jiaqing's reign,and reached a peak during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.Yangzhou created a civilization which was superior to the rest of China in many aspects during the High Qing Era,more specifically in the following aspects.First,its gardens and floriculture led the world.Second,it created the cooking style of Huaiyang cuisine,and its teahouse was uncomparable.Third,it emphasized on cosmetic and fitness;the technic of its bath,massage and hairdressing industries was consummate;its perfume products were world-renowned.Fourth,in Yangzhou the opera,which satisfies all senses,thrived,and it was where the Peking opera originated.Fifth,it set up academies with great enthusiasm and achieved great success in education.Sixth,its Confucian classics,literature and history study developed and generated Yangzhou School;it also had rich book collection and first-class printing industry.Lastly,the construction of its prefectural city was prominent.The daily life activities of Yangzhou people showed their preference to culture quality and art taste.Their life style led the fashion and influenced the rest of China.Today,the spirit and tradition of pursuing elegant life of Yangzhou people is the precious spiritual legacy and culture resources for building a cultural and educational city.


An engine control system for a vehicle includes a timer module, a module for attenuating a stochastic ignition (SPI mitigation module) and a boost pressure control module. The timer module tracks a period of operation of a motor while the vacuum is less than a first predetermined vacuum in an intake manifold. The SPI-attenuation module generates a SPI signal, when the time period is longer than a predetermined time period and the vacuum is less than a second predetermined vacuum. The second predetermined vacuum is less than the first predetermined vacuum. The boost pressure control module decreases the output of a turbocharger in response to the generation of the SPI signal.


A model is developed for finding codes for differentially demodulated continuous phase frequency-shift keying with modulation index h=1/M, where M is the size of the symbol alphabet. The results of codes searches show that there is very little loss in squared Euclidean distance when comparing differential codes with coherent codes.


AbstractThe Rapid Refresh (RAP), an hourly updated assimilation and model forecast system, replaced the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) as an operational regional analysis and forecast system among the suite of models at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in 2012. The need for an effective hourly updated assimilation and modeling system for the United States for situational awareness and related decision-making has continued to increase for various applications including aviation (and transportation in general), severe weather, and energy. The RAP is distinct from the previous RUC in three primary aspects: a larger geographical domain (covering North America), use of the community-based Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (ARW) replacing the RUC forecast model, and use of the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system (GSI) instead of the RUC three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar). As part of the RAP development, modif...


AbstractThree-quarters of the surface of our planet is covered by water. Nevertheless, these inexhaustible reservoirs like oceans are not suitable for drinking because it is salt water. This work deals with water desalination as a solution to the water scarcity problem. It presents a new process of solar distillation that naturally produces distilled water. The essential features of this process are summarized by the production of heat via electric resistor. In this work, the photovoltaic source is feeding the resistive load. The simulation work was elaborated under the real meteorological conditions of Gabes, a city in the south of Tunisia. In order to optimize the photovoltaic system efficiency, a maximum power point tracker that controls a DC–DC boost converter is used. The system was implemented and then tested on a sunny day under variable resistance combination. The simulation results show that increasing the number of panels increases the quantity of distilled water; on the other hand, the parallel...


The structure and composition of the recently developed Al-Ni-Ge ohmic contacts to n-GaAs wer~ investigated by transmi ss ion electron mi croscopy combined with secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Auger spectroscopy. The semiconductor/metal-alloy interface of these contacts remain very flat after annealing (500°C, for 1 min - contact resistance 1.4x10-6~cm2), in contrast to the widely used Au-Ni-Ge contacts. The metal sequence during deposition is found to be a critical factor in determining the electrical contact properties and the dispersion of the oxide layer on the semiconductor surface after chemical cleaning. Ge doping of the GaAs beneath the contact layer was observed by SIMS, and a tunneling mechanism through the n+GaAs:Ge layer was proposed to explain the ohmic properties of the contacts.


Classical regression analysis relates the expectation of a response vari- able to a linear combination of explanatory variables. In this article, we propose a covariance regression model that parameterizes the covariance matrix of a mul- tivariate response vector as a parsimonious quadratic function of explanatory vari- ables. The approach is analogous to the mean regression model, and is similar to a factor analysis model in which the factor loadings depend on the explanatory vari- ables. Using a random-effects representation, parameter estimation for the model is straightforward using either an EM-algorithm or an MCMC approximation via Gibbs sampling. The proposed methodology provides a simple but flexible repre- sentation of heteroscedasticity across the levels of an explanatory variable, improves estimation of the mean function and gives better calibrated prediction regions when compared to a homoscedastic model.


Funding/Support: This work was supported by Research Foundation of Health Commission of Sichuan Province (grant 19PJ102), 1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (grant ZY2016105), Post-Doctor Research Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (grant 2020HXBH038), and the research foundation of outstanding young scholars of Sichuan University (grant 2016SCU04B04).


With the soaring cost and scarcity of concentrate feeds worldwide, use of un-conventional tree foliages in the animal diets can be effective in curtailing the feeding costs to economise livestock production. The present experiment was conducted with the aim to assess incorporation of Himalayan Elm (Ulmus wallichiana) leaf meal (ELM) as partial replacement to conventional concentrate feed mixture (CFM) in total mixed ration (TMR) of sheep. In Experiment-I (in vitro study), the effect of graded increasing levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of ELM inclusion as replacement to CFM constituting 40% in the basal TMR on nutrient degradability was assessed. The results revealed the effective level for optimal nutrient degradability at 30% ELM inclusion. In Experiment-II (in vivo study), a feeding trial was conducted for 30 days on sheep (16) distributed equally into two groups, offered basal TMR as control (Cont) and TMR containing ELM replacing CFM at 30% level as treatment group (ELMG), the level selected based on results of optimum nutrient degradability in in vitro assay. Without affecting dry matter and organic matter intakes, ELM included diet enhanced crude protein and neutral detergent fibre digestibility. Moreover, content and the intakes of digestible nutrients were similar between the two groups, with total digestible nutrients intake being 56.66% and 61.88% more than the recommendation in control and ELMG groups, respectively. Animals of both the groups were in positive balances of N, Ca and P, though N balances (g/d) and live weight gain (g/d) were comparable while Ca and P balances (g/d) were higher in ELMG. Cost of production lowered with 35.84% reduction in feed cost per kg live weight gain in ELMG group compared to control. It was concluded that 30% CFM in TMR for sheep could be replaced with ELM safely as a sustainable strategy to alleviate the conventional feed shortage for profitable sheep rearing.


This text presents the state of art of electrophoretic technology and applications. Included are electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels; immobilized pH gradients; rehydratable polyacrylamide gels; silver-stain detection of proteins; color silver staining of polypeptides; electrophoresis and electrofocusing standards; standardization in isoelectric focusing, high-resolution, two-dimensional electrophoresis; applications of isoelectric focusing; agarose gel electrophoresis; pulsed electrophoresis; capillary zone electrophoresis; capillary isotachophoresis; isotachophoresis of synthetic ion-containing polymers; and preparative electrophoresis.


The Oklahoma City bombing and World Trade Centre attacks have alerted governments worldwide to the recurrent problems of terrorism. Research has shown that annealed glass breaks into high velocity shards ("knives and daggers"), which cause most of the injuries sustained during a blast explosion event. Currently, building owners with property in high-risk areas upgrade exterior windows with an anti-shatter film. Anti-shatter films possess high strength and deformation capacities and prevent glass breakage into shards. When film is installed as a "daylight" application, glass breaks into one unit held together by the film while in the wet-glaze or mechanically anchored applications, where the film is anchored to the window frame, blast loads are transferred to the façade backup structure through the window frames. In order to securely fasten window frames to the exterior façade, chemically bonded adhesive anchors are proposed. The behaviour of adhesive anchors in masonry is, however, not very well documented, while their dynamic behaviour to impulse type loading is totally lacking. An experimental program designed to study the behaviour of adhesive anchors embedded in masonry has been completed. The adhesive anchors were exposed to impulse-type loading in a specially designed drop-mass loading frame. The anchors were tested in pure tension and combined tension – shear configurations in single masonry units. The test results show that hollow clay brick is too brittle for use in blast-mitigation applications with a dynamic load factor of 0.6. Concrete masonry block showed a marginal increase in capacity under impulse type loading. Dynamic load factors of 1.0 and 1.1 are recommended for the design of adhesive anchors with normal and 45 concrete block penetration, respectively.


Concentrating on contemporary art from India at the end of the twentieth century, this essay places it in the context of economic liberalisation, globalization and increased sectarian and regional conflict on the subcontinent. The last two decades of the twentieth century have seen the abandonment of the project of a secular, socialist democracy as this is enshrined in India's Constitution.! Economic liberalisation and an entry into the globalised world order has taken place under a regime of structural reform, privatization and public disinvestment. These changes have been accompanied by the rise of religious and parochial fundamentalism and an attrition of appositional forces, particularly those of the Left. 2 Working with selected examples of recent Indian art, this essay tries to understand how artists have responded to these conditions, and what these responses may tell us about the role of contemporary art from India, both in the Indian context and internationally.


A comparison between PO-GO, GO-PO, and PO-PO approaches for the computation of the contribution to the RCS of the double reflections between flat facets is presented. It is shown that for pairs of perpendicular facets the three approaches give nearly similar results. However when the facets are not perfectly perpendicular the approaches predict different RCS values even for quasi-perpendicular facets


Abstract Manufacturers often employ the extrusion process to form an object with any cross-section. An experiment was carried out to examine the effect of die angle on the quality of the extruded product. The four types of extrusion dies were designed for finding the desirable quality of aluminium composite extruded billet. The five percentages of the Silicon carbide have been chosen as reinforcement with aluminium alloys. Further, the various extrusion dies configurations were considered as 12:8, 12:2, 12:4, and 8:4 for producing the extruded billets. In addition, the die angles that correspond to the required minimum extrusion load were determined. According to the findings, 12:8 extrusion configurations with a 30° die angle produced the desired quality billet and fine grain structure of extruded product with reduced extrusion load. The extruded billet surface quality was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.


The present invention provides a mobile terminal device available middleware component, wherein said intermediate assembly to mediate between the application program and a network interface and / or hardware to manage through entirely different programs between different platforms interactions. The coordination middleware component receives the available broadcast, multicast, and / or conditions platforms, networks, and the scanning / or services, and access to electronic services available service guide (ESG). The middleware component may use a variety of discovery protocols to identify services, and may use security protocols to manage authorized access to received services. When incorporated into a mobile terminal device, the middleware may interface with multiple radios, so in addition to broadcasting data received via the network, also establishing a communications over one or more data networks.


Abstract Ribonucleoside O-phosphonylmethyl derivatives are novel isopolar analogs of nucleotides. This review summarizes data on their synthesis and properties, as well as data on novel type of open-chain nucleotide analogs.


Modern agriculture faces limited arable land and climate changes. Carbon fixation under these conditions will become a significant growth-limiting factor. Synthetic carbon fixation pathways can allow plants to produce more biomass using the same amount of energy from sunlight. Novel alternative synthetic carbon fixation cycles discovered by Prof. Ron Milo and his team hold the potential to greatly increase the capacity of organisms to convert atmospheric carbon into sugars. The proposed solution provides the ability to enhance crop yields using the same expanse of land. The novel technology presents alternative synthetic carbon fixation pathways that were discovered by harnessing a systems biology approach. These pathways are predicted to harbor a significant kinetic advantage over their natural counterparts, making them promising candidates for synthetic biology implementation


Undergraduate and graduate courses in bioethics and medical ethics are taught at many institutions of higher learning in the United States. In fact, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), which establishes certification requirements for medical schools, requires all medical schools to include bioethics in their curricula. These courses cover a broad range of bioethical topics, including informed consent, embryonic stem cell research, reproductive medicine, neuroethics, clinical trials, cloning, euthanasia, and endof-life care. Bioethics courses often offer various approaches to analyze ethical concerns. Some courses, for example, utilize more traditional philosophical (see Princeton University's Center for Human Values courses) or religiousbased approaches to address bioethical challenges whereas other courses utilize scientific-based approaches or may integrate a more multidisciplinary approach to their methodology (see the Columbia College course ''Crossroads in Bioethics''). The outcomes of these courses are to enable students to better appreciate existing and emerging bioethical challenges and to help students develop responsestrategies to meet these challenges. In general, undergraduate and graduate bioethics courses stimulate student dialogue and debates. Yet they may not be as popular among pre-health majors, science majors, or medical students as one would expect, considering the fact that these students will likely face numerous bioethical challenges in their future careers. Medical students, for example, often view bioethics as a secondary or even a nuisance course, preferring that their classroom time be devoted to other subjects like pathology or neuroscience. Science professors also devote little time to bioethics, because they believe they do not have sufficient time to present basic science, let alone the ethical ramifications. Ensuring attendance at lectures and courses and trying to get the students to take exams seriously are well-known problems for faculty who teach introductory courses in bioethics at medical centers. At Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, for example, fewer than 20 percent of medical students register for the university's fourth-year, one-month-long course on medical ethics. There is therefore a need to enrich these courses to stimulate student interest and to prepare students to deal with these issues. In this article, we present an innovative program, BioCEP, to encourage undergraduate and graduate student interest and preparedness in bioethics and medical ethics. The educational methodologies incorporated in BioCEP are based on two lessons derived from current research in science education. We wish to acknowledge, with gratitude, Ayelet Evrony for the helpful assistance she provided in the preparation of this manuscript.