Recently, deep learning (DL) becomes increasingly important since its transformative effect on a wide range of applications. During inference process, the DL model is deployed on the cloud to answer online queries. One crucial issue in the progress of DL inference is energy consumption, which significantly retards computation performance. Therefore, many previous investigations decrease the energy consumption via computation reuse technique based on similarity. However, if input data consists individually from mobile devices, applying these schemes will significantly decline computation performance. Because in disordered individual inputs, similarity for reuse is difficult to exploit directly. Results of initial experimental observations show that (1) individual input data also has high similarity for reuse, and (2) the total similarity during computation process has a relation with the characteristics of input data. This motivates us to design a reordering scheme to enhance similarity for computation reuse. Our main approaches are using statistical theory to predict the similarities among input data, and determining the execution sequence. Based on these approaches, we propose an effective input reordering scheme for computation reuse to save energy consumption. The evaluation under various benchmarks demonstrates that the reordering scheme significantly outperforms the previous schemes, for instance, the computation reuse is enhanced to $1.1 \times$ and the energy consumption is minimized to 40% according to the configuration of traditional computation reuse technique.


Though Alain Badiou and Jacques Derrida circulated in some of the same French academic circles, they rarely had anything to do with one another. While Derrida was alive he never engaged Badiou's work, neither in speech nor in writing. The opposite was also true, as we find no substantial reference to Derrida in Badiou's work until after the former's passing: It was only after Derrida's death, in Badiou's later work Logiques des mondes: L'Etre et l'evenement II, that Badiou explicitly acknowledged the impact of Derrida's work on his own thinking.1 Badiou concedes that his concept of inexistence is what Derrida understands by differance. "La pensee de l'inexistant formalise ce que je crois etre l'enjeu de la sinueuse demarche de Jacques Derrida. Depuis ses premiers texts, et sous le nom, progressivement academise (mais non par lui) de 'deconstruction,' son desir speculative est de montrer que, quelle que soit la forme d'imposition discursive a laquelle vous etes confronte, il existe un point qui echappe aux regles de cette imposition, un point de fuite. Tout l'interminable travail est de le localiser, ce qui est aussi bien impossible, puisque c'est d'etre hors-lieu-dans-le-lieu qui le caracterise. Pour restreindre l'espace de fuite, il faut forcer les signifiants de l'imposition discursive, diagonaliser les grandes oppositions metaphysiques (etre/ etant, esprit/matiere, mais aussi bien democratie/totalitarisme ou Etat de droit/ barbarie ou juif/arabe . . .) et d'inventer une langue de l'excentrement, un dispositive d'ecriture acephale. Or, tout cela gravite autour de ce qui aurait a se tenir sous l'inexistant. . . . Dirons-nous que . . . inexistence=differance" (LM 570-71).Undoubtedly, Badiou's profound recognition of Derrida's impact on philosophy as well as his defence of Derrida2 are remarkable. In this paper, I argue that though there is a certain resonance between the two "concepts," there is also a marked point of divergence. In particular, I wish to claim that Derrida's double bind of possibility and impossibility, which are mutually co-constitutive and flow from the spatio-temporising that is differance, is less binary in its logic than Badiou's notion of inexistence allows. Also, I maintain that whereas Derrida's differance is rooted in a conception of time and space that gives differance its very flow and arch-structure, Badiou's inexistence is grounded in the time and space that stem from the very structure of the multiple that is given in what he calls the transcendental. Time is constituted with the event and the subject, by a decision and the fidelity to a decision. Badiou has no real sense of Derridean space: Badiou discusses space as localisation, atoms, situations or the containment that is proper to any set. Derridean spatialsing stems from de Saussure and his view of the differentiation between signs and words and phrases that produces meaning. For Badiou, the inexistent is set within worlds, whereas for Derrida differance never works within the logics of Badiouan worlds. It simply is already there and is already operating. In short, I claim that though there may be a resemblance between the two philosophers qua what they see is unaccountable, lies closed or hidden yet conditions any given "system" or "meaning-structure," the way they justify such accounts would suggest a greater gap than what Badiou may be prepared to concede.BADIOU'S TRANSCENDENTAL AND THE INEXISTENTThe concept of inexistence does not appear in the first volume of Being and Event, but it is introduced and developed in the second one. Inexistence is rooted within the structure of the transcendental and worlds. Badiou defines inexistence as a mode of being-there of an element of a multiple that appears in the world. The element "exists in" the configuration of multiplicities called a world, but it never exists in any intense or maximal form. In fact, it exists in the least possible way. Every object in the world contains an inexistent element and can, according to Badiou, contain only one at any given moment (LM 610). …


Methods are developed for constructing Luenberger-type observers for linear time-invariant descriptor systems. Based on the descriptor standard form derived here by means of a simple matrix calculus, full-order observers, reduced-order observers and function observers of a general type are proposed. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the function observers to estimate linear functions of the state are discussed. Then, the so-called separation property of combined observer-controller systems is established.


Control and use of water resource to meet human's demands have become a fundamental issue to socio-economic development and human progress.The aim of this paper is to quantify the link between water resource carrying capacity and urban sustainable development.A multi-objective model of water resource carrying capacity is constructed with the help of successive linear weighted method.The model is used to calculate the water resources carrying capacity for Shenzhen in 2010 and 2020 respectively in terms of three different water supply schemes.It is shown that under the first and the second schemes the water resource could not support the socio-economic development of the city.Seawater use and sewage water recycling use could not play a big role to solve water problem of Shenzhen.But making best use of rainfall and flood water would greatly increase water resource carrying capacity and consequently guarantee the positive balance between the exploitation of water resource and urban sustainable development.


This paper is concerned with the demands which ambiguity, a form of complexity, places upon the decider, an executive subsystem of living systems. Experiments involving the ability of individuals to manipulate fuzzy labels are described. The results confirm the need to differentiate individuals according to the mental processes which they summon in response to communication containing fuzzy labels. When designing work and decision tasks, attention should be paid to the added complexity brought about by the introduction of ambiguity of task structure and ambiguity of information. Implications for systems design and management are drawn.


IT is viewed as a tool that provides extended opportunities for developing countries in poverty reduction, education and health care improvement and thus, assists in a more dynamic economic and social development. There has been a large wave of investment over the past decade in ICT for development (ICT4D) in African countries, and particularly, in creation of ICT or telecenters in rural areas. While such centers have provided valuable services to their communities, they often fail to maintain their financial sustainability when donors funding withdraw. This paper addresses this issue by investigating innovative technology-enabled business model adopted by Kasambya Community Computer Center in Uganda, examining contextual characteristics that influenced its adoption, and by testing Amit and Zott's [1] e-Value creation framework in order to identify factors facilitating financial sustainability of the Center in Ugandan rural community context. The study concludes that, if expended by adding 'knowledge of local context' and 'transparent business strategy' elements, Amit and Zott's model could be used as a framework for long-term financial sustainability of rural ICT centers. Presenting and leveraging the model the authors share her experiences and offer a proof-of-concept to be transferred cross-border in developing countries. Since ICT adoption by the rural poor is a national concern in Uganda, this study could particularly contribute to national efforts to provide increased access to ICT in rural communities in Uganda.


Flowfill is a silane based process that offers local planarization similar to SOG. For sub-0.35 /spl mu/m devices, both processes are required for global planarization for critical metal layers. Integration aspects are studied for Flowfill and SOG, both in combination with CMP. The polishing process does not change the chemical stability or dielectric constant of these processes. There is an influence on the CMP nonuniformity and via resistance when Flowfill is annealed in forming gas. In case of SOG, the O/sub 2/ stripping process modifies the SOG layer, which leads to a higher dielectric constant. Flowfill has a positive influence on electromigration stress in Al lines, but leads to reduced device lifetimes in comparison to the SOG/CMP process.


A heating bag for heating or maintaining contents such as food in a warm state is provided to prevent taste or smell of the contents from being changed by effectively discharging gas generated from a chemical reaction of a heating element to the outside through a vent. A heating bag includes a sheet formed in a multi-layered structure and a bag shape, and having an opening part, an adhesive spreading on the opening part, and a release paper attached to the adhesive. The sheet comprises a heat radiating sheet(130) positioned on the lowest layer, and radiating heat generated from a heating unit to the outside; a protective sheet(120) positioned on the heat radiating sheet at a certain interval, and protecting the heating bag from an outside impact; the heating unit positioned in an inner space between the heat radiating sheet and protective sheet, and comprising water(122) and a heating element(124) received into the inner space divided by a partition(125); and an insulating sheet(110) for preventing outflow of the heat.


We present our work on the problem of Multiple Admissibility (MA) in language learning. Multiple Admissibility occurs in many languages when more than one grammatical form of a word fits syntactically and semantically in a given context. In second language (L2) education - in particular, in intelligent tutoring systems/computer-aided language learning (ITS/CALL) systems, which generate exercises automatically - this implies that multiple alternative answers are possible. We treat the problem as a grammaticality judgement task. We train a neural network with an objective to label sentences as grammatical or ungrammatical, using a "simulated learner corpus": a dataset with correct text, and with artificial errors generated automatically. While MA occurs commonly in many languages, this paper focuses on learning Russian. We present a detailed classification of the types of constructions in Russian, in which MA is possible, and evaluate the model using a test set built from answers provided by the users of a running language learning system.


Viruses as pathogens have ability to replicate in the particular host in order to damage their organs. Some bacterial pathogens cause lethal diseases associated with metabolisms. Bacteria also increase the rate of infection due to antibiotic resistance. There is need to design such drugs that control the specific targets of bacterial strains. Streptococcus type also causes the diseases associated with medical conditions such as pneumonia. Shigella as well as Salmonella also causing the diseases in food and food products. Pseudomonas syringae as one of the bacterial pathogens that attacks on the leaves as well as different parts of plants that finally damaged to whole plant. S. pneumoniae is the pathogenic bacterial strain that causes severe inflammation in the lungs by damaging to the lungs. E. coli as the type of bacterial pathogen that enter into the intestine of the human. It particularly stays here and multiplies to increase its infection to damage the specific parts of intestine. Chikungunya virus is spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms of infection are fever and joint pain. The DENV genome is about 11000 bases of positive-sense, single stranded RNA (ssRNA) that codes for three structural proteins. At present, CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia ® is the only approved vaccine, but potent inhibitors are currently under development.


Marek KAŹMIERCZAK Adam Mickiewicz University (Poznan) User, sender and recipient in Web 2.0. Remarks on the various references to literature on Twitter Twitter reflects some social and cultural changes in the perception of literature. Influencing the relationship of sender and recipient, new media of communication transform reading habits. The article, drawing on the media and literary studies research, offers a description of most recognisable communication activities initiated by the users of Twitter. The main hypothesis concerning the influence of services counted among the Web 2.0 trend onto the social and cultural status of literature is the following: the future of literature depends to a large extent on the generational change of Internet users as well as on their new media


1. Introduction and Conclusion of the Contract 2. Definition and Subject Matter of the Sale of Goods Contract 3. The Passing of Property 4. Risk, Mistake and Frustration 5. Termination of the Contract for Breach 6. Delivery, Acceptance, and Payment 7. The Implied Terms of Description, Fitness, and Quality 8. Statements, Liability of Remote Sellers, and Exclusion Clauses 9. The Seller's Duty and Power to Transfer Title 10. The Remedies of the Seller and the Buyer


lipoma has mobility; and (ii) hislologically, encapsulated necrosis on the legs shows a membrano-cystic structure and mobile encapsulaled lipoma shows a honeycombed structure. However, in later reports, some cases showed a membranocystic structure but had mobility, then, confusion was seen in the diagnostic names. Recently, histopathological findings have received attention. That is, cases which show a membranocystic structure are called encapsulated necrosis on the legs, irrespective of mobility.̂ However, a membrano-cystic structure is supposed to be a feature of the process of absorbing the mobile encapsulated lipoma recognized as a foreign body.̂ In other words, mobile encapsulated lipoma progresses to encapsulated necrosis on the legs through the degeneration of fat necrosis over time.


We report findings from a recent study of how public libraries are using on-line community networks to facilitate the public's information seeking and use in everyday situations. These networks have been lauded for their potential to strengthen physical communities through increasing information flow about local services and events, and through facilitating civic interaction. However, little is known about how the public uses such digital services and what barriers they encounter. This article presents findings from a 2-year study that comprised a national survey with public library staff, followed by extensive case studies in three states. At each site, data were collected using on-line surveys, field observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups with Internet users, human service providers, and library staff. The on-line surveys and the follow-up interviews with respondents were based on sense-making theory. In our article we discuss: (1) how the public is using networked community information systems and the Internet for daily problem solving, (2) the types of barriers users encounter, and (3) the benefits for individuals and physical communities from public library-community networking initiatives and the emergence of "information communities."


To determine if steroid-containing contraceptives (OCs) promote cervical neoplasia in humans duration of OC use was compared in 3 groups of women: 1) 147 with newly diagnosed carcinoma in situ (CIS) confirmed by biopsy; 2) 854 women with incident cervical dysplasia (CD) confirmed by biopsy; and 3) 8000 women shown by multiple Papanicolaou smears not to have either disease. This preliminary analysis was restricted to black women (aged 15-44) who used either IUDs or OCs. Overall risk scores estimated from 10 confounding variables showed subjects with highest risk of having CIS tended to have low age at 1st birth low education attainment and high parity and were in the age range from 27-34. Standardized relative risk of CIS rose from 1 for nonusers to 4.7 for OC users of more than 3 years duration. Likewise risk estimates for CD rose from 1 for nonusers to 1.9 for 2-3 year OC users. Pathologist agreement on diagnosis increased significantly (5.4 fold) according to specimen size (P = .004).


This research aims to know whether employees perception to compensation justice which is accepted affecting the level of employee's job satisfaction. Research data obtained from primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained by giving questionnaire to respondent. Secondary data consist of history of the company, company's profile, organization chart, total of employees, and applied compensation system. Data analysis using the analysis of linear regression and correlation analysis. result of this research shows that there is significantly influence between employees perception to compensation justice with job satisfaction. And there is closer relationship between perception variable about justice of compensation system with job satisfaction.


Recently developed guidelines for analyzing deep foundations in liquefiable soils are compared with the performance of a highway bridge and adjacent railroad bridge that suffered damage during the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake in Baja California, Mexico. A span of the pile-supported railroad bridge collapsed due to movement of a pier from lateral spreading. The highway bridge, supported on drilled shafts, suffered moderate structural damage but did not collapse. An overview of the site, structural details of the bridges, and results from recent geotechnical explorations characterize the structural properties and soil conditions. Beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation simulations performed using the finite element program OpenSees accurately predict moderate damage to the highway bridge and collapse of the railroadbridge. The case studies provide valuable insight for validating recently published equivalent static analysis procedures for lateral spreading.


Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expression of DKK1 protein in an experimental model of tympanosclerosis and its possible role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Methods: Forty Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study: 20 in the control group (which received no treatment) and 20 in the experimental group (which received an incision to induce tympanosclerosis). Otomicroscopy was performed to observe the development of myringosclerosis. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe the morphological changes. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the expression of DKK1 protein. Results: At day 15, sclerotic lesions were observed in 70 per cent of the tympanic membranes. Inflammatory infiltration and hyaline degeneration markedly appeared in the tympanic membranes and middle-ear mucosa. DKK1 protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, which were widely distributed in the tympanic membranes and middle-ear mucosa. The expression of DKK1 protein was significantly decreased in the calcified experimental ears. Conclusion: DKK1 protein is involved in the pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.


This paper deals with the problem that Alhazen formulated and solved in book V of his treatise on optics. That is to say, finding the reflection point in a given mirror, when the positions of both the object and the observer are known. The intention is to, firstly, exhibit the complex argumentation scheme used by the Arabic scientist and philosopher; and secondly, propose a possible method of reasoning like a candidate exhibiting the logic of the theory which could lead to the discovery of the solution.


In this paper, we present in detail our approach to constructing a world model in a multi-robot team. We introduce two separate world models, namely an individual world model that stores one robot's state, and a shared world model that stores the state of the team. We present procedures to effectively merge information in these two world models in real-time. We overcome the problem of high communication latency by using shared information on an as-needed basis. The success of our world model approach is validated by experimentation in the robot soccer domain. The results show that a team using a world model that incorporates shared information is more successful at tracking a dynamic object in its environment than a team that does not use shared information.


3 Abstract: The effects of three isocaloric leguminous based diets on the digestibility of neutral lipids and phospholipids in albino rats were investigated. Proximate analyses of each of the beans and formulated diets were carried out to determine crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, total ash, moisture and carbohydrate contents. A total of thirty (30) albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for the study. The rats were divided into three groups of ten rats each and maintained on Soyabean-Based Diet (SBD) (Control), Cowpea-Based Diet (CBD) and Hyacinth Bean-based Diet (HBD) for a period of five weeks. At the end of the experiment, the brain, liver, heart and the kidney of the rats were isolated and the neutral lipids and phospholipids contents of each organ were estimated. Rats maintained on Cowpea-Based Diet (CBD) had the lowest weight gain when compared with those fed on the HBD and SBD respectively. The results revealed that the neutral lipids and phospholipids of CBD show a significantly reduced (p<0.05) digestibility than HBD and SBD. The significantly reduced (p<0.05) digestibility of lipids in CBD may be considered to be partly responsible for the lower growth rate of rats maintained on this diet.


Yes, we admit it: we were the crying panelists. We were on the same disability studies panel at the 2000 Modern Language Association conference, each previously unknown to one another, giving papers with roughly the same mission: to jigger the theoretical trajectory of Disability Studies' paradigms-honed by those working on areas of physical impairment-to accommodate mental disability, our interest. To this end, Catherine began her paper by drawing distinctions between the representational preoccupations of Disability Studies and the predicament of people with schizophrenia who, as Peter Wyden has observed, have no poster child; of the disabled, they are the most reviled. Elizabeth's paper voiced similar concerns about the ableist thinking that structures the concept of selfhood in political theory and the exclusion of people with schizophrenia from that discourse. The trouble was, as so often happens in Disability Studies research, we had based some of our key examples on those near and dear, recalling situations from which we had more than an intellectual investment, and each one of us cried. As in baseball, there is no crying at MLA, and, since the publication of Joseph Shapiro's No Pity in 1993, there is definitely no crying in Disability Studies, whether at MLA or anywhere else. Accordingly, the first question Catherine was asked at the end of the presentations was, "Why did you cry at that point?" "That point" had been when Catherine recounted that her loved one, "Barbara," was on medications that seemed to allow her, albeit still schizophrenic, to pursue a Ph.D. in recombinant DNA technology, instead of being homeless, hospitalized, imprisoned, or in any other position that would render her at high risk of being the victim of (yet another) rape. Had Catherine offered-and worse, validated with a pathetic display of tears-a narrative of "overcoming" and a sanction of medical intervention as the audience member's question intimated? What were the emotional investments of the audience member who asked the question, at "that" point, in that setting? Should our debate about these matters settle on the question of whether the narrative championed overcoming disability, or should it go further, to query what forms of emotion are allowed in our "intellectual" work on disability? We clearly want to push the analysis of the emotional in Disability Studies further here. We would argue that, ironically, Disability Studies, forged as it has been with physical impairment as its primary terrain, has inherited damaging ableist assumptions of "mind" that discourage a more robust consideration of emotion. However, in the context of cognitive and psychiatric disability, the focus of several of the articles in this special issue, emotion is unavoidably a complex subject. In psychiatry and in culture at large, emotion is monitored, measured, and regulated. In some cases emotion is elicited; in others, suppressed. The lack of emotion is pathologized: the "flattened affect" of people diagnosed with schizophrenia is treated as a disabling symptom by psychiatrists. And the presence of emotion is pathologized: sustained feelings of sadness prompt consumers to seek medical and pharmaceutical interventions, while sustained feelings of elation might lead consumers to shun them.1 Emotion and the expression of emotion are also gendered in significant ways. Tears are feminine, and hence trivialized. Crying during a conference presentation is in one respect a failure to regulate the emotions. It signifies a moment of vulnerability that threatens to undermine the authority of the speaker and, further, in this particular case, it appears to resuscitate the pity narrative that undermines disability rights. On the other hand, crying at a conference presentation is a transgression that foregrounds issues central to both feminism and Disability Studies in potentially productive ways. Our bodies, and our minds, do not always conform to prescribed norms and regulations. …


ABSTRACT The guided participation relationship between parents and children, whereby parents sensitively support the child's emerging abilities, is central to child development. However, difficulties with intersubjective engagement characteristic of autism can make supportive interactions between parents and children more challenging. In this study, we compared dyads of parents and children with autism (n = 16) and dyads of parents and children with other developmental disabilities (n = 14) on two coding schemes, the Dyadic Coding Scales (DCS) and a Parent Scaffolding coding scheme. Consistent with expectations, the ASD group showed more difficulties in parent–child engagement on the DCS. Although autistic children were more likely to resist parental input on the Parent Scaffolding task, their parents were equally as sensitive as those in the developmental disabilities group. Child factors on the Parent Scaffolding coding scheme were associated with DCS scores. Half (n = 8) of the children with autism received an academic school year-long modified version of Relationship Development Intervention delivered in a preschool setting, and all children with autism (n = 16) were re-assessed at the end of the preschool year. The dyads who had received RDI showed improvements in parent–child engagement on the DCS, both compared to baseline and compared to the group who did not receive the intervention. No changes in Parent Scaffolding were found. The results are discussed in relation to intervention priorities for children with autism.


Agricultural by-products are promising adsorbent materials for wastewater treatment, for example, removal of heavy metals. In this study activated carbons (AC) prepared from rice straw agricultural waste (treated with concentrated sulfuric acid) are used to remove lead ions (Pb 2+ ) from aqueous solutions in batch mode. The calcination of AC at 500°C for 1 h shows improved removal efficiency. Synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -NPs) are loaded on AC with dif - ferent ratios (Fe 3 O 4 /AC(1)), (Fe 3 O 4 /AC(2)) using co-precipitation method. The chemical structure, surface composition and morphology are characterized by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett– Teller and Raman spectroscopic analyses. The adsorption process depends on the initial metal ion concentration, temperature, solution pH, the adsorbent dose and contact time. Fe 3 O 4 /AC(2) has the highest adsorption capacity (68 mg g –1 ) at 100 mg L –1 metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose of 1 g L –1 , room temperature (30°C ± 2°C), shaking speed = 200 rpm, contact time = 1 h and pH = 5. The thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption process fits Freundlich model ( R 2 = 0.997) better than Langmuir and Temkin models. The adsorption/desorption kinetics of Pb 2+ ions proceeds via pseudo-second-order kinetics. The temperature-dependent study (carried out in the range of 20°C–60°C) confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature.


The accuracy of simulation experiment is most concerned and space-time consistency is one of the most significant factors. In this paper, the resulted different comprehension of space-time because of asynchronous clock was described and its influence to simulation accuracy was listed. And then it was detailed analyzed which factors resulted this space-time inconsistent. As an example in simulation experiment of a certain weapon system, several practical and feasible methods for process space-time were provided.


In this paper, we propose several rules to tune the gains of Passivity-Based Controllers for a class of nonlinear mechanical systems. Such tuning rules aim to prescribe a desired behavior to the closed-loop system, where we are particularly interested in attenuating oscillations and improving the rise time of the transient response. Hence, the resulting controllers stabilize the plant and simultaneously address the performance in terms of oscillations, damping ratio, and rise time of the transient response of the closed-loop system. Moreover, the closed-loop system analysis provides a clear insight into how the kinetic energy, the potential energy, and the damping of the mechanical system are related to its transient response, endowing in this way the tuning rules with a physical interpretation. Additionally, we corroborate the analytical results through the practical implementation of a controller that stabilizes a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DoF) planar manipulator, where the control gains are tuned following the proposed rules.


The vertical framework of power is the alignment of power relations at the level of center-region-place in the political decision-making. This process has actively begun since 2000, when the administrative reform was initiated. The article analyzes this process in the frame of political activity of the national subject of the Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan in 1990s – 2008. Keywords: Vertical framework of power; administrative reform; political bargaining; national subjectResume: Verticale du pouvoir est la forme d'une relation hierarchique au niveau du centre-region-implantation. Ce processus a commence en 2000. Debut de la reforme administrative. L'article analyse ce processus dans l'analyse de la republique du Tatarstan.Mots-cles: Verticale du pouvoir; la reforme administrative; la negociation politique; une entite nationale


This paper demonstrates a novel transmitter architecture based on frequency quadrupling, in which modulated signals are generated at a frequency f0, and subsequently up-converted to 4f0 using a frequency quadrupler. This technique is a promising architecture for mm-wave communications, at frequencies where signal amplification, modulation and distribution at 4f0 are challenging. To achieve acceptable output signal accuracy, predistortion of the input is mandatory. In this work, we validate the architecture using a low (microwave) demonstration frequency of f0= 890MHz, with 4f0=3.56GHz. High-order modulation signals are directly applied to a quadrupler, and "quadrupling digital predistortion" (Q-DPD) is used to restore the signal modulation format at the output. With a 5MHz bandwidth 256-QAM signal, before predistortion the output signal has an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 138%. After Q-DPD, the 256-QAM output signal has an EVM of 1.8% and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of around -43dBc.


Swarm intelligence (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. This paper is dedicated to the developing of modification of the ant algorithm that allows to find better solutions in less time. A method is developed to create a template solution based on the idea of particular solution storage. A template can dynamically change over time, reducing the work of each iteration. Using of template allows decreasing search space. Experimental researches proved that a modified ant colony algorithm is more effective.


Most popular shortest and cheapest textual form of communication is short message service (SMS).To ensure the security of the texts which is sent, many algorithm are available. In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm for cryptography which is based on static Look Up table and Dynamic Key. Symmetric encryption and decryption is used in this algorithm. The proposed algorithm is more secure and simple to implement. This application makes use of built in android Intents and SMS Manager to send and receive messages.


Observing the destructive impact of the seventeenth century European wars of religion, Thomas Hobbes concluded that man by himself is incapable of preserving peace and order. He assumed that peace could only be established if a strong monopoly of violence was created in the hands of a single sovereign. In essence, his idea was simple: If man is aggressive by nature, no peace is possible without an ultimate authority - the Leviathan - capable of enforcing order. Hobbes's conclusion has hardly been challenged by other political philosophers. Even Locke, who proposed a moderate version of government to create domestic peace, agreed with Hobbes in two basic assumptions: first, no civil society can be built without a supreme authority, tribunals to render verdicts and police authorized to enforce such verdicts; second, given the existence of sovereign states, the process of centralization of power cannot be reproduced in the international sphere. States would never agree to relinquish their powers to an almighty, universal sovereign. Supporting this philosophical analysis is the bloody record of political conflict since Hobbes's time: While domestic order and peace are possible, international war is seemingly inevitable. Yet even in the face of clearly justified pessimism about the possibility of interntional peace, one cannot avoid returning to the question of which instruments, if any, can eradicate war as an instrument of policy among nations. In the eighteenth century, the Prussian philosopher Immanuel Kant made the revolutionary argument that peace is possible even in the absence of an international authority. According to Kant, no universal Leviathan was necessary; rather, a large federation of committed states could promote and maintain international peace. Though appealing, Kant's federation project was never seen as feasible until the early years of the twentieth century. Only in the wake of the First World War, which discredited the idea that peace can be preserved under a mere balance-of-power system, was it possible to contemplate the reform of political relations among states. There is a profound similarity between Kant's ideals and the international collective security systems created in the twentieth century. The League of Nations and its heir, the United Nations, were both based on the assumption that some kind of international organization must be created if war is to be avoided or at least limited. Unlike Kant's project, however, contemporary collective security systems rely on the assumption that war can only be prevented if a coalition of states agrees to halt individual state aggression by force if necessary. This solution poses a serious problem: How effective and desirable is the achievement of international peace by force? As the end of the Cold War brings renewed hopes for realizing a U.N. mechanism for collective security, a discussion of this issue is crucial. In this article, I attempt to demonstrate that the contemporary concept of collective security not only impedes the creation of a working international security system but also - and more importantly - contradicts the very ideal of international peace. To provide the reader with an analytical context for my discussion of collective security, I begin with an analysis of Kant's project of perpetual peace in comparison with other theories of collective security. I then outline the main features of collective security organizations and discuss their weaknesses. Relying on Kant's insights and reflecting on the lessons of the Gulf War, I conclude with the argument that the enforcement of peace, no matter how drastic the recent changes in the world order, remains a self-defeating goal. Kant and the Problem of Peace With the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, European sovereigns put an end to the wars of religion, making the use of force between states a political affair. …


Quantitative imaging biomarkers are used widely in clinical trials for tracking and evaluation of medical interventions. Previously, we have presented a web based informatics system utilizing quantitative imaging features for predicting outcomes in stroke rehabilitation clinical trials. The system integrates imaging features extraction tools and a web-based statistical analysis tool. The tools include a generalized linear mixed model(GLMM) that can investigate potential significance and correlation based on features extracted from clinical data and quantitative biomarkers. The imaging features extraction tools allow the user to collect imaging features and the GLMM module allows the user to select clinical data and imaging features such as stroke lesion characteristics from the database as regressors and regressands. This paper discusses the application scenario and evaluation results of the system in a stroke rehabilitation clinical trial. The system was utilized to manage clinical data and extract imaging biomarkers including stroke lesion volume, location and ventricle/brain ratio. The GLMM module was validated and the efficiency of data analysis was also evaluated.


Wearable electronics have attracted a wide range of attention with various functions due to the development of semiconductor industry and information technology. This work focuses on a triboelectric nanogenerator‐based self‐charging power system as a continuous energy source for wearable electronics. The triboelectric nanogenerator has a multilayer elastomeric structure with closely stacked arches as basic functional units. Owing to material and structural innovations, this triboelectric nanogenerator performs outstanding electric output with the maximum volume charge density ≈0.055 C m−3 and practical properties for energy harvesting from body motions. Utilizing the triboelectric nanogenerator as outsole to harvest energy from walking or jogging, a pair of shoes is fabricated with the maximum equivalent charge current of each shoe being around 16.2 µA and specific fitness functions realized on each shoe separately without complex connections.


The marketing scenario in India has undergone vast change since 1991 due to the economic reforms. Post -liberalization, competition intensified in every product line and market, which forced brands to redefine their norms of existence in all industries. In the FMCG industry, especially in toilet soap sector there has been severe competition among the MNCs, national and local players. Brand loyalty is determined by several distinct psychological processes of the consumers and entails multivariate measurements. Product features (Fragrance / Skin care / Germ fight features / Colour) is one of the most important factors that affect brand loyalty. The relationship between the availability of the toilet soap and the extent of brand loyalty was also found to be significant.The t oilet soaps can be divided into four price segments: Premium, popular, economy and carbolic soaps. At the same time, penetration level of toilet soaps in urban areas is very high, but per capita consumption levels remain low. In this scenario, it is very i mportant for marketers to know the consumer behavior with respect to toilet soaps, which will be very useful in adopting suitable strategies. This research paper attempts to analyze the brand loyalty, satisfaction, awareness regarding Hamam soap in Thanja vur town,Tamilnadu..


Robust face recognition and classification has been an area of interest for researchers in many disciplines of science and engineering. In this paper, we present a new technique for designing optimal filters for face classification using the bacteria foraging algorithm. The simulation results show that the optimal filter is able to classify the face images correctly into the target and anti-target image sets. This technique will have wide applications in biometric systems for face classification.


A technique for multiple criteria choice of the preferred design solution is considered at the stages of testing prototypes for radio-electronic systems, when measured and controlled design parameters deviate from the values of the specification. Some of parameters and quality indicators of technical specifications may initially not have clear values, and they are refined in the process of subsequent design stages. It is difficult for designers to objectively compare improvement in the value of a certain criterion with deterioration in the value of another criterion. Thus, it is proposed to use an integrated application of decision making theory methods, the theory of fuzzy sets, and interval analysis methods. The proposed method takes into account deviation of measuring information of the designed system and various types of uncertainty associated with heterogeneity of the parameters and their measurement scales. Optimization of design decisions by a heterogeneous vector of quality criteria involves applying values of membership functions, showing the degree of proximity of the implementation option of the design solution to the optimal option, instead of coefficients that take into account the importance of the criteria. The technique allows obtaining a solution to the problem of choosing the optimal design of electronic systems according to the results of the analysis of measurement information more reasonably and at low cost, as well as reducing the number of repeated design stages, time, and financial costs for research and development activities.


As research proceeds on treatment of the resorbed posterior maxilla, new techniques and innovations continue to be adopted to solve this clinical problem. While the previous edition of this book pr ...


According to the materials of the field geophysical surveys there are given the results of evaluation, the influence of the variation of the strength state of the real medium on the values of the elastic parameters of the rocks within the limits of nonclassic linearized theory of deformations.


Grayscale halftoning converts a continuous-tone image (e.g., 8 bits per pixel) to a lower resolution (e.g., 1 bit per pixel) for printing or display. Grayscale halftoning by error diffusion uses feedback to shape the quantization noise into high frequencies where the human visual system (HVS) is least sensitive. In color halftoning, the application of grayscale error-diffusion methods to the individual colorant planes fails to exploit the HVS response to color noise. Ideally the quantization error must be diffused to frequencies and colors, to which the HVS is least sensitive. Further it is desirable for the color quantization to take place in a perceptual space so that the colorant vector selected as the output color is perceptually closest to the color vector being quantized. This article discusses the design principles of color error diffusion that differentiate it from grayscale error diffusion, focusing on color error diffusion halftoning systems using the red, green, and blue (RGB) space for convenience.


The idea of Yusif Balasagunlu's work "Kutadgi Bilig" was to strengthen the economic power of the state, increase its military power, adopt wise laws that are good for the people, solve problems between the state and the people, maintain justice and peace in the country. The epos "Kutadgi Bilig" is a monument that has always been loved and read in Turkestan and the Turkic world for centuries and covers all spheres of human and state life. Key words: Uyghur, culture, Uyghur literature, khaganate.


The water based ultra-thin intumescent fireproof coatings A, B and C were prepared respectively with acrylic emulsion, silicone modified acrylic emulsion and amino functionalized/silicone modified acrylic emulsion as binders, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL) and pentaerythritol (PER) as flame retardant system and titanium dioxide as pigment and filler. The physical and chemical properties and fireproof performance of the three coatings were compared. Results indicated that the expandable height and the foaming effect of the fireproof coating A is good, but the carbon coating after burning is loose; the fireproof coatings B and C have excellent physical and chemical properties; the carbon coating after burning of the fireproof coating C presents a "honeycomb" structure, with its fire resistant time of 72 min, an increase of 18 and 9 min as compared with the fireproof coatings A and B and the peak value of main thermal degradation temperature 13.8 °C higher than that of the fireproof coating A.


Saline groundwater is a valuable unconventional water resource in silty coastal zone, which contain complex and fragile sedimentary and hydrological environments that are widely distributed and vulnerable to human activities. Coastal groundwater salinization along the eastern coast of China since the late Pleistocene is thought to be a response to global environmental change. Previous studies have shown a spatial and temporal link between the development of saline groundwater and deposition of marine strata. However, groundwater salinization is becoming an increasing problem in coastal zone, and the hydrogeochemical characteristics and cause of the groundwater salinization or desalinization remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the hydrogeochemical characteristics and relationships between saline groundwater and the sedimentary environment in two representative, muddy coastal zone of the Yellow Sea coast (YSC) and Bohai Sea coast (BSC). Our monitoring results show that the groundwater varies from fresh water, to brackish water, saltwater, and brine moving offshore of the BSC, with total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations of 203–184,196 mg/L. In contrast, brine is absent from the YSC, where the TDS concentrations range from 280 to 41,690 mg/L. The relationships between δ2H and δ18O values indicate that freshwater–seawater–brine and freshwater–seawater mixing are the main processes leading to enrichment in TDS in the BSC and YSC, respectively. Based on the relationship between the major cations, Cl−, and Cl/Br ratios, the results show that the groundwater salinity is primarily due to saltwater intrusion and secondly to water–rock interactions (i.e., evaporitic salt dissolution and cation exchange). The regression curves on plots of Na–Cl and (Ca+Mg)–(CO3+SO4) have negative slopes (−0.33 and −0.34, respectively) for the groundwater samples from the BSC and YSC, indicating the Na in groundwater exchange for Ca due to seawater or residual seawater intrusion. The saline groundwater (or brine) samples with reverse ion exchange indicate that seawater or residual seawater has invaded the aquifer, and in which Na+ is replacing Ca2+ and Mg2+. These results enhance our understanding of the formation and evolution of saline groundwater, and provide insights into groundwaters in other silty coastal zones.


The potential of the Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR) with a fission converter plate (FCP) for clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is evaluated. The evaluation used design methods that were developed for the analysis of the OSU design of an accelerator-based neutron source (ABNS) for BNCT. The paper compares an FCP epithermal neutron beam, which is based on the OSURR, with the ABNS. Neutron and gamma-ray absorbed dose rates and the boron-10 specific absorbed dose rate were calculated. A major goal of the analysis was to determine if a 500-kW reactor with an FCP can produce a neutron field with sufficient intensity to allow a patient to be treated in an acceptable treatment time with adequate beam quality. The answer obtained was positive, provided that the patient is treated with at least four fractions. Although the quality of the neutron field for the FCP is slightly inferior to that of the ABNS, it was judged to be acceptable.


In at least a first mode of system operation, the compressor flow along the coolant flow path, in a first mode, a first heat exchanger located in the downstream of the flow path of the compressor, a first mode in a second heat exchanger in the compressor upstream of the flow path of, in a first mode, in a first heat exchanger downstream and the second heat exchanger upstream of the flow path expansion comprising apparatus and, a first heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of heat exchangers component disposed heat exchanger flow path of the fluid passing through the first heat exchanger. Inside the unit, in a narrower space available can be arranged a heat exchanger component, thereby more efficiently utilizing the space.


The effect of whole-body irradiation with Co/sup 60/ radiation on the blood lipids of rats was investigated. The total blood lipids were increased by about 38.8% 24 hr after the irradiation. The cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations of the blood remained unchanged. (tr-auth)


Structure–activity relationship studies were conducted with early fourth-instar larvae of a highly resistant strain of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) on (1) toxicity by topical appliction of 43 organotin compounds, and (2) the antifeedant effect of a selected number (17) of these compounds on treated Brassica chinensis (Chinese cabbage) leaves.

The toxicity data revealed that the triorganotins (R3SnX) were, without exception, more toxic than the commercial sample of malathion (84% active ingredient) used in the tests. Among the diorganotins, phenylcyclopentyltin oxide proved to be as active as malathion. Within the triorganotin series, the tricyclohexyltins were generally more toxic than the triphenyltins, the most active tricyclohexyltin compound being (c-C6H11)3Sn(2-pyridinethiolato N-oxide) (LC50 0.03 μg μl−1), which was almost 500-fold more active than malathion. The most active compound in the triphenyltin class was O, S-bis(triphenyltin)mercaptoacetate (LC50 0.30 μg μl−1). Variations in the anionic X group resulted only in marginal changes in activity in the (c-C6H11)3Sn series, but significant changes in activity were obtained with the Ph3Sn compounds, especially the ring-substituted phenoxyacetates, (4-ZC6H4)OCH2(O)COSnPh3. In the mixed triorganotin compounds an increase in activity was observed when one of the phenyl groups in Ph3SnOH was replaced by the p-chlorophenyl group.

In the antifeedant tests, the tricyclohexyltins were found to be generally more effective than the triphenyltins. In most cases, antifeedant activity paralleled the toxicity by topical application trends in the (c-C6H11)3Sn series, but in the Ph3Sn series an inverse trend was observed. The diorganotin compound (c-C5H9)PhSnO exerted a relatively pronounced antifeedant activity which was comparable with that of a number of triphenyltin derivatives.

It was established from histological studies of the mid-gut cross-sections of the treated larvae that, in most cases, the organotins affected the columnar cells physiologically; an exception was noted for Ph3SnOC(O)C6H4COOH-4 which, like malathion, caused severe morphological damage to the cell membrane.


Second language (L2) learners often achieve oral fluency by correct pronunciation of words with appropriate pauses. It has been shown that the L2 learners improve their language skills using mobile apps in a self-learning manner. Effective learning is possible with apps that provide detailed feedback. However, apps that train oral fluency in an automatic way are not available. In this work, we present SPIRE-fluent app, which provides an automatic feedback with scores representing learner's pronunciation quality, for each word in a sentence and for the entire sentence. The word specific scores are computed based on the correctness of pronunciation with respect to the expert's audio. Further, the app displays the syllables uttered and a set of two types of pauses produced by the learners and the expert while speaking the sentence. Considering this as a feedback, the learner can correct their mistakes based on the mismatches between those utterances. In addition, it also estimates any pause made by the learners within a word and highlights the syllable containing the phoneme preceding the pause.


One important aspect of graphs representing complex systems is community (or group) structure---assigning vertices to groups, which have dense intra-group connections and relatively sparse inter-group connections. Community detection is of great importance in various domains, where real-world complex systems are represented as graphs, since communities facilitate our understanding of the graph and thus of the underlying system. However, this is known to be a hard optimization problem. In this study we pursue the following question: Have Evolutionary Computation-Based Methods proven their worth for this complex domain, or is it currently better to rely on other state-of-the-art methods? While several works compare state-of-the-art methods for community detection (see [8] and [11] for recent surveys), we are unaware of other attempts to compare methods based on evolutionary computation to other methods. After describing some recent algorithms for this problem, and comparing them in various ways, we conclude that evolutionary computation-based method for community detection have indeed developed to hold their own against other methods for several variants of this problem. However, they still need to be applied to more difficult problems and improve further to make them in par with other methods.


This paper focuses on the segmentation and classification of multiple sclerosis lesions in magnetic resonance images. As MRI is the primary tool used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, there is substantial interest in developing an algorithm that will detect lesions from such images. We present a flexible framework in which segmentation and classification are integrated. We assume that we are given a training set of MRI images which contains manually labeled regions of MS lesions. The algorithm we used combines two effective techniques from the computer vision literature: graph-based bottom-up methods and top-down generative models. Results on synthetic data obtained from the McGill Brainweb simulator and real data acquired at 3T are presented. Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). With MS, the body's immune system attacks myelin, which protects the nerve fibers in the CNS. The damaged myelin leads to scar tissue (sclerosis). Even though the causes of MS remain unknown and there is no cure as of today, much is known about the mechanisms involved in the disease process and several therapies have proven helpful. In order to better understand MS, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used during the diagnostic process. MRI is the best imaging technology for detecting the presence of MS lesions in different parts of the CNS. Presently, to fully diagnosis and quantify MS lesions from MRI images, it is common to have human experts manually delineate the lesions from the data. However, it is an extremely time consuming task and very often have significant intra and inter-observer variability. Therefore, there is a need to have a fully automatic detection of MS lesion. However, it is well known that lesions are relatively small, exhibit a wide variety of shapes, may have significant differences in location across patients, and have varying intensities and textures. Methods We present a framework in which segmentation and classification are integrated in a flexible manner. In particular, we will adopt the approach of [1]. We assume that we are given a training set of MRI images which contains manually labeled regions of MS lesions. Our algorithm combines two effective computer vision algorithms, namely a graph-based bottom-up method and a top-down generative model. Graph-based bottom-up methods are based on the concept of spectral clustering. Such algorithms are able to give quick answers but are very memory intensive and do not always give meaningful results. Top-down generative models are guaranteed to get an answer based on the posterior probability but are very computationally expensive and hard to design and train. The framework allows for different users to specify different types of features, e.g. intensity, spatial location, shape, and input channels to be used for classification. The algorithm is summarized as follows: 1) Based on the training set where each voxel corresponds to each node, generate the probabilities ) , ( j i m m P , prior probability that nodes i v and j v have model (class) labels i m and j m , and ) | ( i i m s P , the conditional probability of an observed feature i s at the node i v for the model i m . 2) At level 0 = t , initialize the graph 0 G with each voxel being a node 0 i v with 6-neighbor connectivity, the feature being the intensity = 0 i s Intensity at voxel 0 i v , and the weight |) | ( exp = 0 0 0 j i ij s s W − −θ , where θ is a user-defined parameter. 3) Choose representative set t R such that t i V v ∈ ∀ , with t V being the entire set of nodes and 1 < < 0 β , ∑ ∑ ∈ ∈ ≥ t j t j V v t ij R v t ij W W β . 4) Construct the graph at the next level 1 + t , ) , ( = 1 1 1 + + + t t t W V G by the following: a) Set t t R V = 1 + . b) Compute interpolation matrix ∑ + + ∈ = 1 1 / t t k V v t ik t ij t ij W W P where t t i V v ∈ and 1 1 + + ∈ t j V v . c) Compute the affinity at coarser level, . = 1 t t t t P W P W Τ + d) Compute the feature of node 1 1 + + ∈ t j V v , ∑ ∑ ∈ ∈ + = t t i t t i V v t ij V v t i t ij t i P s P s / 1 . e) Use the model-based probabilities to modify the affinity. For 1 1 1, + + + ∈ t j t i V v v , ) , | ( = ~ 1 1 1 1 + + + + t j t i ij t ij t ij s s X P W W and set 1 1 ~ = + + t t W W . 5) Set 1 + ← t t and repeat steps 2)-4) until 1 |= | t V or 0 = t W or T t = , where T is a user defined value. 6) Classify each voxel 0 0 i v by } , ,...., , { mode = 0 1


Theelectronic media is overloaded with discussionsabout the capricious, untidy and occasionally stormy Ethio-Egyptian relation over Nile which has attained new momentum following the inauguration of the Ethiopian Grand Renaissance Dam. However, most of the discussions ignored the fact that the potent interstate relation was embarked on ever since the pharaonic times. It has elapsed for centuries conditioned by the ebbs and tides of the exchange of water with religion, interstate conflict and European imperialism.Besidesthe primal role of the riverin engineering the interstate relation has been given marginal attention. However, the relation was substantially the 'gift of the Nile' which was the artery that fuses the cultures and the civilizations of the peoples within its course and without. On the other hand, to the extent that the Nile serves as cultural melting pot, it has also been an object of discontent in the nitty-gritty of inter-state relation which is usually depicted as "fraternal affinity." Therefore, this paper examines how the quest for maximal appropriation of the Nile water has fundamentally shaped interstate intercourses in the Easter Nile Basin. In fact, the narratives are constrained by overreliance on secondary sources due to inaccessibility of archival materials. Nevertheless, the application of the historical descriptive method and critical inferences made out of it has served to offset this limitation.


Background We have previously presented our review of routine enquiry (RE) for IPV in a genitourinary medicine (GUM) service. On-going integration with contraception services (CASH) combined with a new electronic patient record (EPR) in 2013 has prompted further review across the whole service (comprising 13 community clinics and the level 3 GUM service). Aim Have these service changes impacted on our recommendation that RE is undertaken for all new patients? In addition, how many cases of IPV are we identifying? Methods All new or rebook patients attending between 01/05 and 30/11/2014 where RE was documented were reviewed. Results: There were 17878 attendances (12316 new; 8724 female, 3590 male). The results are summarised below. Abstract P173 Table 1 Routine enquiry for intimate violence IPV routine enquiry No of cases % Patient screened at least once 8614 70 (of new attendances) Current issues documented 72 (68 female; 4 male) 0.8 Past issues documented 567 6.6 58% of those identified with current issues of IPV had attended the level 3 GUM service. In the majority, support was already in place. 567 had documentation of past issues of IPV, of which 58 had on-going needs identified. Experiences included child sexual abuse, stalking and social media harassment. Discussion Routine enquiry for IPV is feasible across an integrated service and identifies a range of issues. The proportion screened appears stable (71% in 2013 and 70% in 2014). The scale of the problem in our population is alarming and highlights the need for adequate staff training and clear referral pathways.


A kind of reasonable and effective drawbead restraining force model has to be build to improve the simulative precision in the numerical simulation of panel.This paper use the plane strain hypothesis to build a reasonable study model of numerical simulation.The simulation results suggest that Bauschinger effect and work hardening etc are validated in the model.Apply the drawbead restraining force curve picked-up from the simulation to simulate software.Its rationality and validity are verified by comparing the simulation result with the result of real drawbead and Physical test result.The model supply a method for the research on drawbead restraining force.


Many physicians are unaware of the hazards of local anzesthetic agents and are unprepared to cope with severe reactions. Most local aniesthetic agents are nitrogenous compounds and all stimulate the cerebrospinal axis and depress the myocardium. Though many deaths have been reported from topical application of tetracaine, it is generally agreed that this valuable but potent agent has frequently been used in excessive amounts and without consideration of rapidity of absorption from mucous membrane surfaces. Factors influencing general toxicity, signs and symptoms are discussed and measures for prevention of reaction and treatment are outlined.


Higher education systems are considered amongst the most important service providing systems in every country. The existence of a number of factors in Iranian higher education system has led to low effectiveness of university graduates in case of engineering sciences. The presence of feedback loops in the system makes the deviation from the desired situation be deteriorated. Correcting key mechanisms in the system's interactions can continuously improve the systems output. Two important elements of the system are university graduates and faculty members. Assuming the majority of faculty members are themselves graduated from home universities, the important of this element is increased. Re-engineering the university programs in a way that graduates can fulfill the employers' requirements is essential in solving the problem. In this paper, applying System Dynamics technique, the reinforcing and balancing feedback loops which are critical to the behavior of the system are identified. A generalized model for the improvement of the system's performance in case of producing effective engineers is suggested. The effects of the alternative policies on the system's behavior are analyzed.


Hexagonal tortoise problem (HTP), also known as Jisuguimundo or Jisugwimundo, is a magic square variety which was invented by medieval Korean Mathematician and minister Suk-Jung Choi (1646-1715).[1] Choi showed pattern 30 vertices 3 by 3 diagonal shape which has 93 as its magic constant. Unlike magic square, vertices in Jisugwimundo counted one times, twice or three times. This change makes magic constant of Hexagonal Tortoise Problem could be vary. We consider a range of hexagonal sums in various Jisugwimundo. In this paper, we decomposed vertices on Jisugwimundo to some groups. by this way we found the range of magic constant on several HTP.


Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE) is pervasive in technology throughout all areas of our lives. In this research effort, experiments are performed to discover vulnerabilities in the Bluetooth protocol and given the right technology determine exploitation. Using a Bluetooth keyboard, practical examples of the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol were able to be provided. Because of the results garnered, it is recommended that Bluetooth Low Energy not be used for any connections that may transmit sensitive data, or with devices that may have access to sensitive networks.


The study examined the effect of institutional quality and social infrastructure on economic growth in Nigeria between the periods 1990 to 2017. The study was based on institutional theory of growth which says institution and quality of institution are important to economic growth. The study used secondary data collected from various resources from 1990 to 2017. Institutional quality was proxy by corruption perception index for Nigeria, economic freedom of exchange regulatory quality, and effectiveness of governance. Social infrastructure was proxy by doctor-patient ratio, secondary school and tertiary education enrollment, while economic growth was represented by growth of real Gross Domestic product at 2009 constant price. Engle-Granger Error correction model estimation techniques was applied for estimating the partial effect of institutional quality and social infrastructure on economic growth. The Phillip-Perron Unit root test results revealed that all the variables have unit root at level. However, they became stationary after 1 st differencing. Johansen Co-integration test result  revealed that there is a stable long run relationship between institutional quality and economic growth on one hand, and relationship between social infrastructure and economic growth on the other hand. Estimate from the parsimonious error correction model proved that institutional quality proxy by quality of regulation, effectiveness of governance, economic freedom, and financial system efficiency have positive relationship with economic growth while corruption perception has negative impact on economic growth. Social infrastructure variables of doctor-patient ratio and tertiary school enrollment had positive impact on economic while secondary was not significant it was therefore recommended that government should strengthen institution quality and invest in development of Nigeria's social infrastructure.


Previous information on the scleractinian fauna at the eastern end of the Mediterranean (Cyprus, SE Turkey to Egypt) has been compiled by Zibrowius (1979, 1980). Six species have thus far been reported from shallow-water of the easternmost part of the Levant basin on the basis of previously published and new records: Cladocora caespitosa: Lebanon, Israel, Egypt; Hoplangia durotrix: Lebanon; Madracis pharensis: Cyprus, Israel; Paracyathus pulchellus: Israel;


High level microprogramming languages have been studied extensively, but no widely accepted HLML exists to date. We examine the classes of HLMLs, giving examples. We then give some reasons as to the current lack of an accepted HLML, and give some suggestions how to solve this problem. The existence of a HLML would allow work on higher level microprogramming and firware engineering to proceed more rapidly. A possible microprogramming environment, based on a HLML, is presented.


A 35-year-old woman with medical history significant for HIVAIDS on HAART therapy presented with large painless masses of the right breast and ipsilateral axilla. On physical examination, the right breast was edematous and approximately three times the size of the contralateral breast. Fine-needle aspiration revealed Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumor cells were immunoreactive to CD 10, CD 20, and CD 43, and proliferative index was >97%. Molecular cytogenetic test showed positive c-myc probe, indicating the presence of Burkitt translocation. Staging FDG PET/ CT demonstrated a 15 × 17 × 8.0 cm necrotic mass with intense uptake (SUV 18) occupying the entire right breast (Figure 1A,B). There were FDG avid right axillary and internal mammary lymphadenopathy with the largest nodal lesion 4.2 cm (Figure 1C). FDG avid left axillary lymphadenopathy was suspicious for metastasis as well. However, there was no disseminated disease, and bone marrow biopsy was negative. Afterward, the patient received CHOP chemotherapy. Restaging FDG PET/CT 5 months postchemotherapy showed poor response with only partial remission (Figure 2). The patient declined further treatment, signed the DNR, and was lost in follow-ups. Burkitt's lymphoma is highly aggressive and often presents with bulky disease with poor prognosis. According to WHO, Burkitt's lymphoma can be classified into three clinical entities: the endemic, the sporadic, and the immunodeficiency related. The endemic form is often present with Epstein-Barr virus. Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is frequent in HIV-infected patients. Primary breast lymphomas are rare, representing 0.04%-0.5% of malignant breast tumor and the most common histologic type is large B-cell lymphoma. Breast Burkitt's lymphoma is more likely secondary to lymphomatous involvement of the breast in patients with disseminated disease. Primary breast Burkitt's lymphoma is extremely rare. There were only very sparse case reports of primary breast Burkitt's lymphoma in the literature. The presented case showed FDG PET/CT image findings of a primary breast Burkitt's lymphoma, which was unique in its giant size, intense FDG avidity, and behavior aggressivity of the tumor. Although cytopathological examination is mandatory for diagnosis, FDG PET/CT is a valuable image modality in staging, restaging, and monitoring therapeutic response in breast lymphoma including Burkitt's lymphoma.


Land use classification is an important part of many remote sensing applications. A lot of research has gone into the application of statistical and neural network classifiers to remote‐sensing images. This research involves the study and implementation of a new pattern recognition technique introduced within the framework of statistical learning theory called Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and its application to remote‐sensing image classification. Standard classifiers such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) need a number of training samples that exponentially increase with the dimension of the input feature space. With a limited number of training samples, the classification rate thus decreases as the dimensionality increases. SVMs are independent of the dimensionality of feature space as the main idea behind this classification technique is to separate the classes with a surface that maximizes the margin between them, using boundary pixels to create the decision surface. Results from SVMs are compared with traditional Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and an ANN classifier. The findings suggest that the ANN and SVM classifiers perform better than the traditional MLC. The SVM and the ANN show comparable results. However, accuracy is dependent on factors such as the number of hidden nodes (in the case of ANN) and kernel parameters (in the case of SVM). The training time taken by the SVM is several magnitudes less.


PURPOSE: An LED driving apparatus and a driving method thereof are provided to constantly maintain the average current flowing through each channel by controlling a driving power duty of the channel by comparing the current detected in each channel with the reference wave. CONSTITUTION: At least one LED channel is connected to an LED light source(110) in parallel. A current detection unit(120) is arranged on the bottom of the LED channel of the LED light source and detects the current flowing through the LED channel. A channel current control unit(140) compares the current detected in the channel with the reference wave and generates the control signal controlling the average current of the channel.


R&D on particle accelerators dedicated to high energy physics applications are reviewed. Progress in particle colliders follows two different paths, one aiming at increasing the available energy in collision, the other at increasing the luminosity. Present collider performances and their plans on both fronts for the next future are described, together with the ideas and the technologies being developed for the projects that will be built after LHC. Neutrino beam facilities and plans for plasma wakefield accelerators are mentioned.


Beside the linker histones (H1 and H5), the B-type high mobility group box domain proteins (HMGB), as architectural components of the chromatin, participate in various functions of chromatin, such as recombination, repair, inducing or repressing gene expressions. They are able to interact with both DNA and protein components of the chromatin through their high mobility group box (HMG-box) domains. Amongst the fungal HMGB proteins, role of the yeast HMGB proteins was studied in detail, providing vast knowledge on the mode-of-action, molecular- and physiological role of HMGB proteins. However, very few data is known aboult the role of HMGB proteins of filamentous fungi. Detailed study on the function of mitochondrial HMGB protein of P. anserina (mtHMG1) and A. nidulans (HmbB) revealed their role in the maintenance of mitochondrial genome and additionally, nuclear roles were also proposed. Besides the mitochondrial HMGB proteins, four nuclear HMGB proteins were identified in P. anserina and two in A. nidulans (HmbA and HmbC). A recent study on the HMGB proteins of P. anserina revealed that they are involved in the sexual development and fruiting body formation of the fungus. Two of them, PaHMG6 and mtHMG1, also play role in the positive and negative regulation of the expression of the mating-type ranscription factors, respectively. In this work we aimed to study the role of A. nidulans HMGB proteins in the sexual development and found that some of their functions are specific. Through the study of sexual development of control and hmbA, hmbB and hmbC deletion mutants both in veA+ and veA1 genetic background we revealed that HmbA, HmbB and HmbC architectural chromatin components of A. nidulans are required for normal sexual development, especially for the formation and viability of ascospores and the spatial distribution of cleistothecia. Furthermore, we proposed that HmbC functionally interacts with VeA, the key reulator of development and secondary production. We suggested that HmbA and HmbB might be involved in sensing of and responding to the changes of environmental oxygen levels. All HMGB proteins, HmbA, HmbB and HmbC were found to be critical for the normal expression of the mating-type transcription factor genes. We excluded the possibility that all three HMGB linker proteins are required for the direct activation of MAT gene expression. Instead, we propose an alternative explanation for the observed changes: HmbA, HmbB and HmbC might operate on upstream regulator(s) of MAT genes that is (are) most probably involved in the sensing of environmental and/or intracellular factors and/or the transduction of related signals that affect the activation of the MAT genes. Future research should elucidate the potential role of HMGB proteins in the upstream regulation of MAT genes. On the other hand, despite the uniform downregulation of the mating type transcription genes in the hmbA, hmbB and hmbC deletion mutants, we found that only the hmbA deletion phenocopied the mating type gene deletion phenotypes, hmbB and hmbC deletions resulted in various levels of defects in ascospore production and ascospore viability. As an explanation for the various levels of defects observed in hmbB and hmbC deletion mutants we proposed that HmbA, HmbB and HmbC might directly influence the gene expression of various MAT-regulated genes. Additionally, we suppose that hmbA, hmbB and hmbC can provide the functional backups for each other's loss. Considering all of the phenotypes of the hmbA, hmbB and hmbC strains, and the transcriptional changes observed in case of the expression of sexual development involved regulators we supposed that besides the pronounced down-regulation of MAT genes, a qualitatively different perturbation in the expression of other genes might further contribute to the hmbA-, hmbB- and hmbC-specific phenotypes. Some of the physiological functions of HMGB proteins we revealed are specific for A. nidulans compared to yeast and P. anserina. This includes that HmbA and HmbB play a role in sensing of and/or response to environmental signals. By revealing the functional connections of HmbA and HmbB with signal transduction pathways, one would gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory machinery that governs physiological responses to environmental changes. On the other hand, we found that HmbC functionally interacts with VeA, a key regulator of the coordination of asexual and sexual development, as well as of secondary metabolism. By revealing the functional interactions of HmbC, one would gain a deeper insight into the regulation of these biological processes. Finally, HmbA, HmbB and HmbC are equally important in the positive regulation of mating-type genes, and thereby have a great impact on ascospore production in A. nidulans.


The study investigates the place of religion in the paradiplomacy that was practised in Nigeria's first republic (1960-1966). It examines how the Northern regional government in Nigeria's first republic engaged in external relations in furtherance of its narrow interests, which were mostly informed by Islam. During the first republic, Nigeria adopted a federal system of government in which the component units (or regions) wielded enormous influences. Some of these influences translated into external relations although foreign policy was constitutionally an exclusive preserve of the federal government. The practice of a regional government conducting its international relations while remaining within a sovereign nation falls under the ambit of 'paradiplomacy'. Thus, this kind of subnational diplomacy is carried out with a view to promote subnational (or regional) interests. This raises the question of the compatibility of the interests of a subnational government with those of the national government, particularly in a country such as Nigeria that is multi-ethnic and multi-religious, with certain regions being predominantly Christian and others Muslim. The study adopts the theory of Social Constructivism as a framework and employs the use of qualitative analysis. The methodology is both historical and descriptive, with data derived from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources employed include personal communications with retired diplomats as well as newspaper sources and archival materials sourced from the National Archives in Kaduna, Nigeria. Content analysis was also used to ensure accuracy and objectivity. Findings reveal that the government of the Northern Region pursued external policies that placed their region over and above the interest of the Federal Government to the extent of conflicts between the two entities, and religion was a telling factor in how this played out.


This article reviews in vitro testing in the 1990s. Several tests remain standards. In the United States, modified radioallergosorbent test (RAST) scoring is performed by either a RAST or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method; in Europe, Phadebas RAST (Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, NJ) scoring is more popular. Newer quantitative tests reviewed include the Ala STAT, MAST, and CAP testing systems (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, NJ). Qualitative test screens include the Phadiatop microscreen (Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, NJ) and Quidel dipstick multiscreen (Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA). The newer tests produce results in 1 day or less. Test correlation with in vivo methods, including skin endpoint titration and skin prick testing is good. Current in vitro test methods are safe, cost-effective, expeditious, and accurate for use in the diagnosis and treatment of IgE-mediated allergic disease.


On a survey that has been done recently, said that nearly 70% of road accidents occur due to drunken drive, with a range of 44% to 67% in small cities. They also conveyed that overall of 56 accidents and 14 to 15 deaths occur on our roads per day due to not wearing the seat belts. In the already available system, the alcohol sensor is kept on the car steering and thereby controls the vehicle according to the presence of alcohol. But road safety is indeed important in other aspect that is the reason we are controlling the system based on the seatbelt wearing.


Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic brought grave financial concerns for families in the United States as they attempted to navigate the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic. The present descriptive study examined Florida families' employment characteristics, credit card debt, savings characteristics, use of savings based on employment and income variables, and patterns of use of the first 2020 economic impact payment during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Responses to an online questionnaire were collected from 526 Florida residents, age 18 or older, who were parents of minor children during the time the study was conducted. Findings are indicative of varying financial impacts on families based on gender, marital status, income level, and employment status related to COVID‐19. Implications are presented for employers, educators, researchers, policymakers, and families.


Nodular lymphangitis is mainly characterized by inflammatory nodules formed due to infection with pathogens entering the lymphatic system from the skin portal. This disease is usually caused by Sporothrix schenckii, Mycobacterium marinum, Francisella tularensis, Nocardia brasiliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, or Leishmania guyanesis. These pathogens can be distinguished according to the epidemiology, patient's occupation, patient's history of travel, animal contacts, clinical presentation, and duration of incubation of the pathogen. Sporotrichosis, usually observed in gardeners, can be easily identified. M. marinum should be considered when the patient's wound has been in contact with fresh water or salt water. Tularemia is strongly presumed when the patient develops painful chancre-like wound and obvious tender lymphangitis after 1-5 days incubation of the pathogen. Obvious pus discharge from the primary wound is suggestive of infection with Francisella or Nocardia. Biopsy of the wound should be performed for histopathological examinations if the infection shows poor response to empirical therapy. Detailed recording of the medical history, physical examinations, and histopathology will help in deciding the optimal treatment for patients with nodular lymphangitis.


Approximate throughput computation of a class of dis crete event systems DES modelled with stochastic weighted T systems is considered Stochastic weighted T systems are the weighted extension of well known stochastic marked graphs Petri net subclass and are usu ally presented as a useful model to deal with bulk con sumptions or productions of resources in manufacturing systems working on a cyclic basis The iterative response time approximation technique that we present is deeply based on a previous structural decomposition and aggre gation of the net model Experimental results on several examples generally have and error of less than The state space is usually reduced by more than one order of magnitude therefore the analysis of otherwise intractable systems is possible


Copper-mediated (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation of propargyl chlorides and alkynyl halides with PhSO(2)CF(2)TMS reagent was successfully achieved to give PhSO(2)CF(2)-containing allenes and alkynes, respectively. It is believed that the in situ formed PhSO(2)CF(2)Cu species is involved in the present (phenylsulfonyl) difluoromethylation reactions.


In 1935 the Canada Department of Agriculture undertook the development of a new breed of sheep at the Experimental Farm, Manyberries, Alberta. The foundation stock consisted of 15 Romney Marsh rams and 520 Rambouillet ewes, with introductions of 1 Targhee ram in 1942 and 6 Romeldale rams in 1944. Two of the Romeldale rams were used again in 1945. The flock has been closed to outside introductions since 1945 and the breed which resulted has been named "Romnelet".Following the first cross, the F1 animals were inter-mated and no back-crosses were made. A genealogical study up to, and including, 1955 showed the average annual size of the breeding flock to be 10 rams and 338 ewes and the average generation interval 3.5 years. On the average, there were 13 rams and 301 ewes selected per generation. The mean inbreeding coefficient of the 1955 lambs was 8 per cent.Romnelets are polled, open-faced, free from skin wrinkles, with white face and legs and a fleece of or staple wool. Means and standard deviations of pe...


Information fusion is one of the key technologies in modern avionics systems. It is proposed a new simulation framework of information fusion based on avionics system, and an information fusion function model is presented and analyzed in detail. This system adopts centralized construction. It can perform information collection, target tracking and recognition, situation and threat assessment, sensor management, etc. Simulation demonstrates the feasibility of the framework.


The database of 58 over-19-meters deep foundation pits helps to study the horizontal displacement of supporting structure and the surface settlement behind diaphragm wall.By fully data mining,the curve feature,and normalized maximum value of the horizontal displacement are obtained.The curve feature,maximum location and the influence range of the surface settlement behind diaphragm wall are also analyzed.These conclusions can be used in estimating the deformation,optimizing the design and guiding the construction for ultra-deep foundation pit.


To increase the matrix hardness without complete hardening, a sub-critical heat treatment was performed by holding the as-cast iron below the pearlite transformation temperature (A1), and exposed to a hypoeutectic 16mass% Cr-2mass% Mo cast iron with a 03mass% vanadium (V). The temperatures were held between 723K and 923K with 50K intervals for 14.443.2 ks and then cooled via air from a fan. In the as-cast state, the hardness of the cast iron increased progressively and the volume fraction of retained austenite (V£) decreased gradually as the V content of specimen rose. With the sub-critical heat treatment, the hardness increased initially and then decreased with an increase in holding temperature. Conversely, the V£ was reduced greatly when the holding temperature was elevated above 823K. The maximum hardness in the sub-critical heat treatment (HSTmax) was obtained in the temperature range of 823873K, while the V£ values were approximately 2030%. The largest HSTmax value of 830 HV30 was obtained in the specimen with 3mass% V. The abrasive wear resistance was evaluated by a Suga abrasion wear tester using the specimens heat-treated at selected conditions. The wear resistance increased as the V content increased with the highest wear resistance obtained in the specimens with HSTmax. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2015272]


We used segregation analysis to investigate the genetic etiology of the disease in Problem 2A. Under the assumption of a dominant major gene, our analysis suggests a major gene with relative risk of 58 and an allele frequency of 0.013. Under an additive gene assumption, it appears that there may be two genes with relative risks of 39 and 17 and allele frequencies of 0.015 and 0.075, respectively. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A comparison of various low-pass filter architectures that are commonly used in Sigma-Delta(/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) demodulators is presented in the paper. In this comparison the conventional demodulator filter architectures such as the optimal FIR filter, Sinc/sup k/ filter and non-linear Zoomer filter are considered. It is shown that the optimum FIR filter provides the most attractive properties among the conventional demodulator low-pass filters. As an alternative to the optimal FIR filter, optimal Laguerre IIR filter architecture is then proposed in the paper. A design scheme for the optimal IIR filter is presented via the use of orthonormal Laguerre functions. In comparison with the conventional FIR filter approach, this design offers several attractive features. The proposed IIR filter design problem is easy to solve and numerically robust. Furthermore, the optimal IIR filter is easy to implement because it needs only a small number of components and therefore well suited for VLSI implementations.


The invention relates to a packaging board comprising a fibrous base and one or more polymer coating layers on one or both sides of the fibrous base. According to the invention the fibrous base contains the combination of an alkyl ketene dimer size, stearic acid anhydride, a wet-strength size and an aluminium com- pound, which give the board resistance to aggressive liquids as well as thermal treatment, particularly an improved resistance to raw edge penetration in such circumstances. The invention further relates to containers and packages made of the board, for instance disposable drinking cups, dairy product cartons and auto- clave packages, as well as use of the board for such purposes.


Background: It goes without saying for the importance of pre-hospital care in EMS system. At present 119 rescuers take charge of the majority for the pre-hospital care in Korea. But the present activity and job satisfaction of 119 rescuers is not studied. Method: The authors analyzed the questionnaire from the 98 rescuers had taken the lessons on emergency medical technician training program at the Central Fire Fighting School, Cheonan city. We used a Likert s five stage barometer for the analysis of job satisfaction. Result: On regional distribution of rescuers 29.6% was in metropolitan city and 70.4% was from each province. On sexual distribution male was 93%, average age was about 30 years old. The academic background was commonly below the high school graduation. Sixty-one of 98 rescuers(62.2%) was married. The monthly mean income is 1.07 million Won. There was a statistical difference of the monthly mean income between the age, sex, and the period of work(p<0.05). The average duration of job was 27 months. In most cases, the patients or relatives decided the evacuation hospital(89.8%). 67.0% of rescuers answered the necessity of emergency communication system during transport. The serious problems during transport were the lack of manpower, the knowledge of emergency care, the deficit of emergency equipment and telecommunication system. The priority of decision for evacuation hospital is the presence of special medical team, the severity of patient, the presence of modern hospital. The emergency equipment of ambulance was satisfactory in general. Almost all the rescuers(99.0%) want continuous education and 92.7% of them want at the emergency center or general hospital twice a year. The degree of job satisfaction was the job of special knowledge and skills, the professional work and self-assurance in order. Conclusion: 119 rescuers were gratified generally at the job satisfaction. But it was poor at work condition. The authors think that a government office and the korean society of Emergency Medicine must hard work for the improvement of work condition and the administration of continuous education.


In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a packet at a first network device, logging the packet into a demand corresponding to a cell of a demand matrix, and storing the demand in a demand database at the first network device. The demand database includes a plurality of demands computed for a specified time period and corresponding to cells of the demand matrix associated with traffic entering a network at the first network device. Demands corresponding to cells of the demand matrix associated with traffic entering the network at a second network device are computed and stored at the second network device. An apparatus and logic are also disclosed herein.


Background Oral cancer incidence in Sri Lanka is 1813/100,000 with male to female ratio, 3.55:1 and commonest after 55 years of age. SCC involves >90% of oral cancers. Oral SCC in young age shows weaker relationship with risk factors and more aggressive clinical course. Case Description 26 year old girl with no detectable risk factors for oral SCC, was presented with 2 month history of non healing solitary ulcer in the anterior 2/3rd of tongue left side. She had been treated for aphthous ulcer initially and due to poor response undergone excision. Excision biopsy revealed well differentiated SCC with positive margins. Radiologically no suspicious neck lymph nodes detected. Disease was staged as II (T2N0M0). Following multidisciplinary discussion, further excision with Supra Omohyoid Block Dissection performed. She recovered uneventfully. Histology confirmed the primary diagnosis with negative nodes, and underwent adjuvant treatment with brachytherapy. Discussion This patient didn't give a history of alcohol consumption, tobacco use or beetle chewing, which are the commonest risk factors. Examination didn't show any dentinal abnormalities causing chronic local irritation. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is a well known risk factor of oral SCC in west especially among young patients. Even though she denies of sexual contact still HPV testing would be beneficial, but difficult in local setup. Conclusions This highlights the need of early precise diagnosis, providing better prognosis, chance of better survival and quality of life for patient with SCC.


Improved capacitive feedback circuit (20) includes a feedback capacitor (23), its output terminal is connected to a high impedance node (N). More specifically, the improved capacitive feedback circuit includes a bias current source (25) connected in series, amplifying elements (26) and a current sensor (27) of the first branch (24), said amplifying element having a high impedance control terminal ( 26c). A feedback capacitor (23) connected to the output terminal of said control terminal (26c). A current - voltage converting feedback loop (28) having a high impedance output terminal connected to the output terminal of the feedback capacitor (28c).


: The present study aimed to examine the utility of soybean hull as a feedstuff for fattening pigs. The data of physical characteristics of loin and blood lipid from three pigs fed formula feed as a control group and three pigs fed soybean hull as an experiment group were compared in this study. The experiment group feed was prepared by mixing of soybean hull and formula feed in a ratio of 1 : 9. There was no significant difference between the control and experiment groups in meat quality. In the fatty acid composition of inner and outer layers of back fat, the ratio of C18 : 0 significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and the ratio of C18 : 2 in both layers significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the experiment group while the ratio of C18 : 3 also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in inner layer. There was no significant difference in the results of blood lipid analysis. The present results revealed that feeding fattening pigs with soybean hull had no negative effect on the character of the products. Soybean hull can therefore be used as feedstuff for fattening pigs. Jpn. J. Swine Science, 55 , 3 : 115 - 122


According to one embodiment, a circuit for driving a switch to a driver circuit. The driver circuit includes a first output, a second output, a first power supply node and a bias node, said first output is adapted to be connected to a gate of the JFET, the second output is configured to be connected to a gate of the MOSFET and to be the bias node is adapted to be connected to the common node. The driving to switch comprises a JFET, which is connected via a common node with a MOSFET.