Tourism beaches are main attractions visited by members of the public for leisure and holidays. Knowledge of radiation hazard would enable the radiation risk estimation to be made, and suggest mitigation steps if needed. Surface radiation dose, activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K, and radiation hazard index in 18 beaches at eastern, south western and southern coast of Peninsular Malaysia were determined. In-situ surface radiation dose measurements were done using portable radiation survey meter, while gamma-ray activities of sand samples were measured by using gamma-ray spectrometry method. The surface dose rates were found to range between 0.04 to 0.12 (μSv hr−1. Mean activity concentration of 238U varies between 7.3 to 51.0 Bqkg−1, 232Th between 5.9 and 58.4 Bqkg−1 while 40K between 32.7 and 1293 Bqkg−1 respectively. The corresponding annual effective dose from these natural radiations ranged between 0.051 and 0.552 mSv/y. This average is way below the average worldwide exposure of 2.4 mSv/y. The external radiation hazard index calculated for the eighteen samples ranged between 0.05 and 0.51. No obvious correlation was observed between in-situ dose measurement with the annual effective dose as well as radiation hazard index.


Adventure tourism is one of the major niches in tourism (Cater 2006). It has established it self within the last decade and is said to be the fastest growing outdoor tourism market sector (Williams, Soutar 2009; Buckley 2007). Adventure tourism brings together travel, sport and outdoor recreation (Beedie, Hudson 2003). In Germany, adventure tourism research and education is lagging behind. Other countries, mostly English speaking, offer a wide range of university degrees in adventure sports and adventure tourism. International conferences (e. g. Adventure Conference) and Journals (e. g. the up coming Journal of Adventure Tourism) focus on adventure tourism related research topics. This article aims to emphasise the importance of Adventure Tourism in Germany. It analyzes the status quo in adventure research and opportunities to study adventure related programs. The authors plan to establish a network of researchers to promote adventure tourism in Germany.


The unidealized of physical and rheological mud can occured when drilling on rock layers with high salt concentrations. It is therefore necessary to add an additive to balance the effect of the salt. The aims of this study is to see the effect of salt addition on various temperature drilling mud. This research will use two types of mud with different oil-water ratio. The drilling mud will be divided into four compositions, ie LA, LB, LC, and LD. LA and LC compositions have an oil-water ratio of 80% oil and 20% fresh water. While LB and LD compositions have oil-water ratio of 75% oil and 25% fresh water. Then the study was conducted at various temperatures, ie 80 °F, 130 °F, 180 °F, 230 °F, 280 °F, and 330 °F. After observing of the physical properties and rheology of drilling mud, it was found that the effect of adding salt NaCl can improve the physical and rheological properties of mud such as density, viscosity, gel strengh, mud cake, and solid content. Conversely, the effect of adding NaCl salt may reduce the nature of electrical stability. While the increasing of the temperature can reduce the physical and rheological properties of mud and on the contrary the loss of water and mud cake will increase.


YAMASHITA et a1. have conducted a series of investigations of echinococcosis, III which the susceptibility to the larval form of Echinococcus frlultilocularis was studied in uniform strains of mice


Subject. The article considers global value chains as a key factor in the development of modern international economic relations.
Objectives. The aim is to perform a comprehensive study of the transformation process of global value chains, using the case of Russia and the world, to conduct an econometric analysis that will identify the most significant factors and trends in the field of global value chains.
Methods. The study rests on methods of econometric, logical, and statistical analyses.
Results. The study identified the most significant factors in the formation of global value chains today. They are value added and digital development index. A number of other analyzed factors have a less significant impact.
Conclusions. The article analyzes factors influencing the specifics of countries' participation in global value chains in modern conditions, in particular for Russia. With the help of econometric modeling, two econometric models were constructed. They enabled to establish relationships between the volume of country's economy and the intensity of participation in global value chains, as well as to conduct an empirical analysis for Russia.


An attempt has been made to direct the evolution of critical care medicine based on the authors' personal experiences with the development of emergency care and intensive care programs during the past decade, and on review of the available literature. Critical care medicine (i.e., acute medicine) includes emergency medical services for life-threatening conditions and intensive care. In contrast to the hitherto often disorganized and haphazardous development of intensive care units, we propose a logical, community-oriented plan to implement present knowledge in multidisciplinary interdepartmental intensive care. Although in very large hospitals more than one intensive care unit may be necessary, the development of separated pure respiratory, medical or surgical intensive care units is discouraged, because most critically ill patients have multiple organ failure. Special intensive nursing care under physician direction, using standardized basic life support techniques, has decreased mortality, for instance, of patients with myocardial infarction. There is evidence suggesting that mortality and morbidity of other types of critically ill patients are further reduced where sophisticated life support around the clock has been provided by teams of physicians from several disciplines who are working fulltime or "most time" in the ICU. The team includes non-physicians, such as nurses, nurses' helpers, inhalation therapists, bioengineers, technicians, administrators and others. Selection of team coordinator and ICU medical director, as well as


Rolling element bearings are critical parts of modern wind turbines as they carry the loads of the turning structure and the wind force. The stochastic nature of the wind loads makes it difficult to estimate the useful operational life of the bearings. Condition monitoring of these bearings in a real time environment could be very helpful in estimating their performance and in scheduling maintenance actions when a condition-based maintenance strategy is followed. This procedure can be successfully implemented by using vibration analysis in the time domain or in the frequency domain, giving useful results about the current condition of bearings and the location of potential faults. Permanently located transducers on proper positions on the bearings' housings can be used in order to collect, process and evaluate real time measurements and provide information about the bearing's performance. In this work, a test rig is utilized in order to evaluate the performance of rolling bearings. The results of the experimentation are satisfactory and the progress of fatigue failures can be predicted through vibration analysis techniques showing that implementation in real scale may be useful.


This book under review titled Why India Votes is a welcome addition to the literatures on electoral studies. Indian elections are so mysterious that any claim of a researcher or a book to unravel the mystery is a towering one. The foreword to the book is written by the renowned social anthropologist Jonathan Spencer. He writes about his allegiance to and fondness for elections. He appeals to the anthropologists to think more creatively about elections and the cultural implications of the institution of representative democracy. Spencer emphasises that the bulk of election studies are based on scientific representations and statistical analysis with graphs and tables aplenty. He argues that elections are not only cultural but also moral events. Individuals come to vote even though one vote is immeasurably small; they think it has immense value. This is what makes the study of elections interesting. In this wake, Mukulika Banerjee, the author of the book, writes that


The individual credit information system is a critical infrastructure for China's social credit system construction,and a platform for individual credit information sharing organized by the PBC and constructed by commercial banks under the leadership of the State Council.With an in-depth analysis on the operational characteristics about individual credit information system of Anhui province in 2011,the paper presents such problems as insufficient coverage,imperfect query function,risks existing within the information processing mechanism for objection and correction,credit reports with professional banking version not tried and run yet.Then some suggestions are proposed.


Fe 3+ doped CdS nanoparticles using Mercaptoethanol as a capping agent were prepared by colloidal wet-chemical method. UV-VIS spectra show that Fe-doping can effectively tune energy band structure, i.e. a large blue shift ( ∼ 30 nm) with increasing Fe concentration. PL measurement of doped CdS nanoparticles shows an additional emission band at ∼ 532 nm, which can be due to radiative transition of dopant level to ground state. X-ray diffraction patterns studies revealed cubic crystal phase. TEM micrographs show a spherical shape and nearly well distribution with an average particle size of ∼ 4n m.


The utility model discloses a self-walking sprayer with a spraying rod, comprising a chassis, and a driving system and a spraying system which are arranged on the chassis, wherein the chassis comprises a frame, a front wheel and a rear wheel; the driving system comprises an engine, a speed-changing box and a differential; the spraying system comprises a medicine box and a spraying device; the engine is arranged at the upper part of the rear end of the frame; the speed-changing box is connected with the engine; the differential is connected with the speed-changing box by a transmission shaft and is hinged at the frame by a front suspending mechanism; the front wheel is connected with the differential by a transmission mechanism; the rear wheel is hinged at the frame by a rear suspending mechanism; and the medicine box is arranged at the upper part of the front end of the frame. In the self-walking sprayer, the medicine box is arranged in the front, and the result of adopting the front wheel to drive and the rear wheel to walk is as follows: not only the distribution is reasonable and the structure is compact, but also the operation is flexible and convenient, the slope climbing effect is good and the running is stable.


The present invention provides a method for a first network to a user interface to the remote access device, the first network comprising a first device interconnected via a communication medium, and a communication device with a remote access device of the at least one interface, the user interface and a first current control device connected to the network. The remote access device via an interface device establishing communication with a first network; remote access device sends a request to the interface device to access a first network; at least a first one of the first network device from a current first connected to the network one or more of said first device acquires information, said information including device information, and generating a user interface description, the user interface includes a description of the one or more devices each of a first device information relating to at least a reference; interface apparatus described in the user interface to the remote access device; remote access device and a user interface for user interaction with a first network user interface description display.


A solid-state lithium/iodine battery was formed by directly contacting metallic lithium with iodine-doped polyacetylene. The procedure is similar to that used for the well-known lithium/iodine-polyvinylpyridine system. The advantage of the system here proposed may be related to the extraordinary electrical properties of polyacetylene which, when doped with iodine, acquires a very high electrical conductivity over a wide range of halogen concentration.


The R. V. Hakuho Maru, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, made the fourth research cruise for exploring the spawning ground of the Japanese eel mainly in the waters south of Okinawa and east of Taiwan and Luzon, from August to October 1986.1) A total of about 1500 specimens of the leptocephali belonging to the Anguilliformes were collected at various depths from the surface to about 500m. Among them, the authors found the leptocephali of 21 Anguilla japonica, five A. marmorata and/or A. celebesensis, and one A. bicolor paciftca. A total of 57 specimens of A. japonica larvae which were in the latest stage of developing leptocephali or in the metamorphic stage have been reported from the above-mentioned waters until 1978.2-7) Since then, no additional information on the eel larvae from the sea has been published. The smallest specimen, 33.9mm TL, in the present collection was the youngest larva hitherto known from the field and was found in the sea east of Luzon. The location and month of the capture of the leptocephali extended spatially and temporally the distribution range of the Japanese eel leptocephali in the sea. In this report, the authors give the collection data and description of the Hakuho Maru specimens. Materials and Method


It is devoted to a problem of speech genres differentiation typical for a man linguistic image and to a question of their intersection.


A Bernalillo County, NM, district judge ruled that a group home for people with AIDS violated housing covenants. The decision was overturned by the New Mexico Supreme Court, allowing the group home to operate in a residential neighborhood. Neighbors sued shortly after the Community of Damien of Molokai opened the group home. The suit asked the court to enforce the developer's covenant that prohibited homes from being used for any purpose other than single-family dwellings. The Supreme Court wrote that the covenants were not so restrictive as to preclude unrelated individuals from occupying a house in the subdivision. Federal and state policies support integrating small group homes for disabled people into residential settings. The Court also found that the covenants violated the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination based on disability, including HIV status.


An extremely dense single crystal of PbF{sub 2} with the orthorhombic structure is an attractive material for use as a scintillator. Its luminescence properties are quite different from those of the currently well-known cubic PbF{sub 2} crystal. The spectroscopic study of orthorhombic and cubic monocrystals of PbF{sub 2} as well as of crystals of mixed structure containing both the orthorhombic and cubic phases is presented in the paper. The orthorhombic PbF{sub 2} luminescence contains a visual part with the rapid kinetics ({approx}100 ns) at temperatures near 100 K.


The axisymmetric, negative energy branch of the Doppler‐shifted electron cyclotron eigenmode has been excited on an unneutralized, 15 kA, 2.25 MV, relativistic electron beam propagating along a guide magnetic field interior to a vacuum conducting wave guide. Large amplitude waves have been generated by means of a traveling wave interaction with helical slow wave structures. The growth process has been identified as the resonant coupling of the negative energy cyclotron mode with the positive energy helix modes. The large amplitude wave produced was propagated on the beam and then identified to be the desired symmetric, negative energy cyclotron wave by direct measurement of its azimuthal symmetry, wavelength, and phase velocity direction. The on‐axis axial electric field component of the wave was inferred to be in excess of 10 MV/m. Finally, as is necessary for collective ion acceleration by these waves, the cyclotron wave phase velocity has been controlled, in the range 0.20–0.06 times the speed of light, by spatially changing the guide magnetic field strength.


In this work, we study the effects of nonlocality on the optical response near surface plasmon resonance of the Otto structure, and such nonlocality is considered in the hydrodynamic model. Through analyzing the dispersion relations and optical response predicted by the Drude's and hydrodynamic model in the system, we find that the nonlocal effect is sensitive to the large propagation wavevector, and there exists a critical incident angle and thickness. The critical point moves to the smaller value when the nonlocal effect is taken into account. Before this point, the absorption of the reflected light pulse enhances; however, the situation reverses after this point. In the region between the two different critical points in the frequency scan calculated from local and nonlocal theories, the group delay of the reflected light pulse shows opposite behaviors. These results are explained in terms of the pole and zero phenomenological model in complex frequency plane. Our work may contribute to the fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and in the design of optical devices.


VAN LOON, HANS, DE NIE, GISELLE, OP DE COUL, MICHIEL, and VAN EGMOND, PETER (eds.) (2018). Prayer and the Transformation of the Self in Early Christian Mystagogy, Late Antique History and Religion, 18. Leuven: Peeters. 482 pp., 123,63€ [ISBN 978-9-0429-3611-9] [Reseña]


Abstract In the field of tourism forecasting, the application of time-varying parameters has been successful in forecasting arrivals taking into account the changing behaviour of tourists. This article uses quarterly data to forecast intercontinental tourism demand for a long-haul, developing destination (South Africa) by applying time-varying parameters (TVP) to single equation estimates, and comparing these with vector autoregressive results. Ex-ante forecasts are done for tourist arrivals from various continents, and forecasting accuracy is evaluated by determining the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the Mean Absolute Deviation/Mean ratio (MAD/mean), the percentage Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Theil's inequality coefficient. The results show that TVP do not always outperform other forecasting techniques.


Thetechniques ofthinsectioning andfreezeetching were employed incomparing thechloroplast structure ofthewild typeandphotosynthetic mutantP4ofEuglenagracilis, Z strain. Themutantchloroplasts werecharacterized bya lack ofthylakoid pairing evenunderhighsaltconditions. Inaddition themutantthylakoids weremore varied in sizeand fewerinnumberthanthoseofthewildtype.No differences between themutantandwildtypewereobserved inthesizeand distribution oftheparticles within thechloroplast membranes seenbythefreeze-etching technique. Thesestructural abnormalities do notappeartobecorrelated persewiththeabsence ofplastoquinone A inthemutant butmay berelated toa different lipid composition observed inthemutant.


In this study we consider four dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric gauge Yang-Mills theory whose complex scalar manifold is Kahler and deforms with respect to a real parameter. The deformation of the geometry is governed by Kahler-Ricci flow equation. This setup implies that some couplings such as shifting quantities, momentum maps and the scalar potential turn out to be evolved with respect to the flow parameter. We also discuss deformation of vacuum structures of the theory in the context of Morse theory.


The advent of Cloud Computing in 2006, has led to significant changes in computing in general and working pattern of users in particular. Starting from the definition of cloud computing, elements of cloud computing, cloud services, cloud deployment, cloud computing platforms & technologies and issues & challenges of cloud computing are described in this paper.


Worldwide breast cancer is the most frequent among women causing death especially when its diagnosis is made in advanced stages, therefore the need to assist with information and education to women from an early age, mainly with the technique of breast self-examination creating the conditions that strengthen prevention. Course objective: To determine the effectiveness of the audiovisual technique in the knowledge of breast self-examination in 5th grade students of the Luis Fabio Xammar Jurado-2018 Educational Institution. The study was of a quantitative approach, explanatory, prospective, transversal type, of experimental design, pre-experimental level, the sample constituted by 30 students of the 5th year of secondary school, having as a technique of data collection the survey with its instrument the questionnaire validated with R of Finn of 0.81 and a reliability of 0.84 with Cronbach's alpha and to analyze the data the inferential-parametric statistical technique was used, obtaining a t of 120.39. Arriving at the conclusion that the audiovisual technique achieves its effect by significantly increasing the knowledge of breast self-examination in students of the educational institution participating in the study.


We present low voltage electromagnetically driven artificial flapping wings for the first time under an estimated output power of 64.8μW at 22Hz using a driving voltage of only 5.5V. Three distinctive achievements have been accomplished in this work: (1) a small-size electromagnetic actuator using low driving voltage and a simplified model for its optimization; (2) direct actuation of flapping wings without any regulating mechanism by mechanical means; and (3) feasibility of unsynchronized flapping modes by individually controlled wing operations for flight controls. As such, this work advances the drive and control options for actuators used in the field of artificial Flapping-wing Micro Aerial Vehicles (FMAVs).


SUMMARY Martingale-based residuals proposed for proportional hazards regression by Barlow & Prentice (1988) are considered. Plots of such residuals against time are shown to exhibit systematic patterns which are not a priori predictable even when the model is appropriate. For the plots to be fully useful therefore account needs to be taken of the expected pattern under the model. A simple amendment is suggested.


Introduction. Several studies have assessed the needs of clinicians for access to information pertinent to clinical practice. 2 Increasing importance is being given to the use of the best current evidence in clinical practice and health services. Special attention has also been given to the assessment of medical errors and other adverse events in health care. Studying the incidence of medical errors and other adverse events, researchers have shown that most of the failures can be related to impaired access to information. Our goal is to improve the way retrieved medical literature is presented by identifying critical information in the individual medical record that is useful for determining the relevance of literature data.


A vacuum arc thruster, powered by a pulsed capacitive circuit, was built and its thrust measured using direct and indirect thrust techniques. Experimental values of ion velocity, ion arc current, and erosion rate were measured. Knowledge of the ion current density distribution was used to consider interference and plume distribution effects on thrust. Both methods measured thrust levels within the expected thrust range (20–60 mN per pulse). Impulse bits as small as 10 nNs could be measured by the direct thrust setup. It was also found that at arc currents >500 A, ion flow was reduced, which resulted in lower thrust.


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are liganddependent transcription factors that activate target genes involved in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cell differentiation in responsetodiversecompounds,includingenvironmentalchemicals. The liver-expressed receptor PPARa mediates peroxisome proliferative responses associated with rodent hepatocarcinogenesis.Previous studies haveestablished that certain perfluorooctanesulfonamide-based chemicals (PFOSAs) alter lipid metabolism, are hepatic peroxisome proliferators, and induce hepatocellular adenoma formation in rodents, suggesting that they activate PPARa. The present study investigates this question and characterizes the activation of mouse and human PPARa by PFOSAs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS),anend-stagemetabolitecommontoseveral PFOSAs,wasfoundtoactivatebothmouseandhumanPPARaina COS-1 cell-based luciferase reporter trans-activation assay. Halfmaximal activation (EC50) occurred at 13‐15 mM PFOS, with no significant difference in the responsiveness of mouse and human PPARa. Mouse and human PPARa were activated by perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA) over a similar concentration range; however, cellular toxicity precluded an accurate determination of EC50 values. Studies of 2-N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol were less informative due to its insolubility. These findings were verified in an FAO rat hepatoma cell line that stably expresses PPARa, where the endogenous PPARa target genes peroxisomal bifunctionalenzymeandperoxisomal3-ketoacyl-CoAthiolasewere activatedupto � 10‐20-foldbyPFOSandFOSA.Theinteractionsof PPARawith PFOS and FOSA, and the potential of these chemicals for activation of unique sets of downstream target genes, may help explain the diverse biological effects exhibited by PFOSAs and may aid in the evaluation of human and environmental risks associated


Three alternative monetary models of exchange rate are tested using data on the Italian lira - US doIIar exchange rate. II is shown that up to the early 1990s these economic models perform better than the random walk model in out-of-sample forecasts.


Abstract Lecania pusilla Tretiach sp. nov. is described from the Trieste Karst, where it was collected twice on epilithic mosses in protected overhangs. The new species is characterized by simple or uniseptate spores, pruinose apothecia, and Bacidia-type asci; it has a reduced, granular thallus with no lichen substances.


friend Sarah's exploits to solve a mystery surrounding their home town of Skeleton Creek. How did the town get its name? Does it have anything to do with the old gold dredge in the woods? Or the miner, Old Joe Bush, who was killed in the dredge? Is the name "Skeleton Creek" a warning to out siders?a warning to stay away? The problem is, Ryan and Sarah can't stay away from the dredge, and on one late-night visit, Ryan is badly injured. While hospital ized, Ryan starts a journal where he reveals that he fears for his life, thinks his father may be in on the mystery surrounding Skeleton Creek, and wants his journal to serve as a record of events in case something happens to him.


In order to well design tribosystems of dental CAD-CAM restorations, an understanding of the tribological mechanisms of dental machinable porcelain are essential. The friction and wear behavior of new generation industrially prefabricated Cerec Vitablocs Mark Ⅱ against uniform Si3N4 ball has been performed using a small amplitude reciprocating apparatus under simulating oral conditions. The loads of 10-40 N, reciprocating amplitudes of 100-500 μm, frequencies of 1-4 Hz and two lubrications (no / artificial saliva lubrication) were selected. Tests lasting up to 10 000 cycles were conducted. The results show that Cerec Vitablocs Mark Ⅱ record a friction coefficient of 0.55-0.84. Artificial saliva plays a lubricant effect during wear process. Among three parameters of the test on friction coefficient and wear depth of dental machinable porcelains, the load effect is prominent. Abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism, but brittle cracks and delamination are more popular especially under unlubricated friction.


Objective : to analyze our own experience and literature data on the use of targeted antibacterial therapy in a patient with severe pneumonia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Materials. The work presents a clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and MODS, caused by multidrug resistant pathogens. Targeted antibiotic therapy was used during the treatment of the patient. Discussion . We have done a review of the literature and our own data on the antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. The targeted antibacterial therapy in severe patients having a multidrug-resistant flora and MODS has the following features: it includes several drugs, is administered by courses, is often combined with antimycotic drugs, antibacterial drugs can be used via inhalation. The evaluation of clinical data, blood counts, as well as indicators of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and cholesterol provide substantial assistance during the monitoring of the therapy effectiveness. Conclusion. Among all the components of intensive care in a patient with community-acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and MODS, etiotropic therapy plays a leading role.


They say money talks and when it does you can be sure Rupert Murdoch is listening. Sorry to post twice in a row on the great man but today he has again made news media history. When was the last time you can remember a major media mogul actually changing his mind in the face of public opinion? Mr Murdoch's decision to pull the plug on the OJ Simpson "If I Did It" book and TV shows is a remarkable reversal.


This study applied the Transtheoretical model of change to a court ordered/DUI client population to aid counselors in developing a more effective differential treatment model. Clients were individuals convicted of DUI and referred for treatment to one of 4 community mental health centers. At their first meeting, 150 clients completed surveys measuring stage of change (SOC), processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance concerning their drinking. Demographic data was also taken. After treatment, number of sessions attended and successful or unsuccessful discharge was recorded. Results found significantly more men (122) than women (28). There were significantly more men (81%) than women (51%) in the Precontemplation SOC, with significantly more women (25%) than men (10%) in the Action SOC. A comparison of SOC with the volunteer alcoholism treatment clients in DiClemente & Hughes (1990) study showed significantly more Precontemplators and significantly fewer Action clients. All 10 processes of change were significantly higher both in the Action SOC and Contemplation SOC than in the Precontemplation SOC. Self-efficacy scores were higher than temptation scores throughout all 3 SOC and did not vary according to the SOC. Cons of drinking were higher than the pros during all 3 SOC. Pros of drinking did not vary according to the SOC but the cons varied with both Contemplators and Action clients reporting significantly higher scores than Precontemplators. Approximately 64%


Objective:To observe and compare the effects and mechanism yanxue powder and its component.Methods:Rabbits' proliferating vitreoretinopathy was induced by hematocele,rabbits were divided into model group,yanxue powder and its components groups,the vitreous hematocele condition was observed,vitreous bFGF and IL-6 were determined.Results:The vitreous hematocele condition was improved in yanxue powder group and its component groups(removing blood stasis group and resolving phlegm group),bFGF and IL-6 contents in vitreous were lower significantly in each Chinese herbs group,the effect of yanxue powder group was the most obvious.Conclusion:Yanxue powder and its components can effectively clear vitreous hematocele,lowering bFGF and IL-6 contents maybe one of its mechanism.


Contents 1. Introduction 2. History, taxonomy and distribution 2.1. History 2.2. Taxonomy 2.3. Distribution 3. Chemical composition 3.1. Legume seeds as a source of protein 3.2. Legume seeds as a source of carbohydrate and dietary fibre 3.3. Fat content of Legume seeds 3.4. Legume seeds as a source of minor components with major health effects 4. Food, feed and non-food uses of legumes 4.1. Food use of legumes 4.2. Feed uses of legumes 4.3. Non-food uses of legumes 5. Agronomy, yield and production Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch


Mr Recks Ea'ah tells the story of his father Ea'ah Kakira (Kakira Waita) and his mother Waigi Mumu. His father worked as translator and carrier for the Australians during the War.


The present invention relates to a light emitting device, a method of manufacturing a light emitting device, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device according to an embodiment includes: a conductive support substrate; bonding layer on the conductive support substrate; a reflective layer on the bonding layer; ohmic contact layer on the reflective layer; in the ohmic a current blocking layer on the contact layer; the protective layer at a peripheral portion on the bonding layer; in the current blocking layer, the light emitting structure layer on the ohmic contact layer and the protective layer; and the light emitting upper-layer electrode structure at least partially overlaps with the current blocking layer and the protective layer, wherein the ohmic contact layer material of the reflective layer or the protective layer is lower than the electrical conductivity, the electrically insulating material or light emitting structure layer made of a material of said Schottky contact.


Gamma-ray Bursts(GRBs) is one of the hottest research fields in astrophysics.Since the great breakthrough in the researches of long GRBs(longer than 2 seconds) in the past few years,the enigma of short GRBs(shorter than 2 seconds) is now being unraveled.New observations support the neutron star binary merger model for short GRBs.A GRB with redshift 6.3 has been detected recently,which indicates that GRBs now begin to serve as probes of the high-redshift cosmology.Here we will give an overall review on the historical and current status of GRBs research field,and discuss the role of the relativity theory and cosmology founded by Einstein in GRBs researches.


Mass, charge and isotopic distributions observed in spallation reactions of 56Fe with 1 GeV protons are analysed in the framework of the intranuclear cascade code ISABEL  coupled with the sequential binary decay code MECO. The code MECO provides a description of the equilibrated nuclear decay by the emission of gamma-rays, light-mass particles and clusters as well as intermediate mass fragments emitted in their ground, excited bound and excited unbound states (continuum) according to a generalized Weisskopf formalism. A good overall description of the experimental data is obtained with a global Fermi gas level density parameter and inverse cross sections based on the Christensen and Winther nuclear potential. Multifragmentation decay events are simulated with the code SMM and their influence on the above observables is discussed.


A convex partition of a point set P in the plane is a planar partition of the convex hull of P with empty convex polygons or internal faces whose extreme points belong to P. In a convex partition, the union of the internal faces give the convex hull of P and the interiors of the polygons are pairwise disjoint. Moreover, no polygon is allowed to contain a point of P in its interior. The problem is to find a convex partition based on the minimum number of internal faces. The problem has been shown to be NP-Hard and was recently used in the CG:SHOP Challenge 2020. We propose a new integer linear programming (IP) formulation that considerably improves over the existing one. It relies on the representation of faces as opposed to segments and points. A number of geometric properties are used to strengthen it. Data sets of 100 points are easily solved to optimality and the lower bounds provided by the model can be computed up to 300 points.


Aiming at the problem existing in the integrated automation system in railway traction substation, a distributed integrated automation system structure based on ARM is presented. It is discussed in detail that how to use CAN bus to realize the network communication function of the integrated automation system of railway traction substation in the embedded system based on ARM. Practical result shows that the system has stronger ability of data processing and higher reliability.


A (η2-phosphabenzyne)dicyclopentadienylzirconium–trimethylphosphine adduct is obtained as a stable complex by thermal loss of RH from a Cp2Zr(R)-2-substituted phosphinine (R = Me or Ph) in the presence of PMe3; CC and CO multiple bonds selectively insert into the Zr–C2(ring) bond of this complex.


The three papers in this special section were originally presented at the IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) in Columbus, Ohio, in October 2008.


Objectives: Successful rotator cuff repair depends upon both secure fixation and biologic integration at the bone-tendon interface. Viable osteocytes and sound bony architecture contribute to the mechanical stability of suture anchor repair constructs. Furthermore, because tendons are hypovascular, preserving the microvasculature of the underlying bone bed is important. To create the bone-tendon interface, shoulder surgeons typically employ three different techniques to clear soft tissue from the footprint prior to rotator cuff repair: mechanical debridement, radiofrequency coagulation, and radiofrequency ablation. Conventional radiofrequency devices use radiofrequency energy to vaporize tissue, often in the setting of tumor resection to kill cancerous tissue. In arthroscopy, bipolar radiofrequency wands capitalize on the saline environment, passing radiofrequency waves through the conductive saline medium creating high energy ions. The result is a plasma field that can gently dissolve tissue with limited heat penetration to the surrounding environment, which is referred to as "coblation." However, the extent to which this energy penetrates the adjacent tissue, potentially damaging nearby vasculature and osteocytes, is unknown. This study aims to explore the histological depth of tissue necrosis caused by arthroscopic radiofrequency ablation wands in comparison to a mechanical shaver. Methods: 6 bovine metacarpal bones were collected one hour after devascularization and submerged in normal saline. Footprints were created by a radiofrequency ablation wand, at both the coagulation and ablation settings, and a mechanical shaver. Preparation was performed at 5 and 15 seconds. After the specimens were processed and prepared as hematoxylin and eosin-stained microscopic slides, each footprint was evaluated microscopically by a fellowship-trained pathologist. Depth of tissue destruction, preservation of periosteum, and osteocyte necrosis were evaluated histologically compared to the control sections for each treatment method. Results: Both the coagulation and ablation settings on the radiofrequency ablation wand were compared to the sections debrided with the mechanical shaver and the control sections. The ablation setting removed significantly more tissue than the coagulation setting at 5 seconds and 15 seconds of energy exposure (0.67 mm vs. 2.3 mm; P = .001 and 1.5 mm vs. 3.58 mm; P = .012) (table 1). While the depth of soft tissue destruction increased with time, the difference between 5 and 15 seconds for either treatment was not significant (0.67 mm vs. 1.5 mm; P = ,088, 2.3 mm vs. 3.58 mm; P = .051). The periosteum was rarely breached by any treatment and was seen to be well preserved in most sections. Osteocytes remained viable in the central area of treatment, and the normal cortical bone architecture was maintained. Compared to the control bone sections (figure 1) there was one section treated with ablation for 15 seconds that showed complete loss of overlying soft tissue in the treatment area and necrotic osteocytes at a depth of 0.5 mm from the treatment area (figure 2, 3). Conclusions: When used appropriately, arthroscopic radiofrequency ablation techniques effectively debride soft tissue from the rotator cuff footprint while preserving the underlying periosteal vasculature and cortical osteocytes. However, our results do show that local tissue destruction increases with degree of radiofrequency energy and exposure time which can lead to necrosis of the underlying tissues including the periosteum, osteocytes, and microvasculature. This has the potential to impair the biologic tendon-to-bone healing as well as the integrity of the mechanical repair construct, which would ultimately lead to failure of the repair. Thus, it is important for surgeons to be cautious while using arthroscopic radiofrequency techniques while preparing tendon footprints. TABLE 1. Depth of Soft Tissue Destruction by Treatment in millimeters (mm) Figure 1. Control, 20X. Histologic section demonstrating normal- periosteum, bony architecture, and viable osteocytes. White arrow: intact periosteum. Black arrow: Viable osteocyte. Figure 2. Ablation 15 seconds, 10X. White arrow: intact periosteum. Black arrow: treatment area with complete loss of periosteum Figure 3. Ablation 15 seconds, 20X. Histologic section demonstrating necrotic osieocytes at a depth of 0.5 mm below the treatment area.j White arrow: zone of necrotic osteocytes. Black arrow: viable osteocyie


The review article discusses the possibilities of using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in oncology. The technical principles and features of HIFU ablation, a brief history of the development of HIFU therapy, the principles of HIFU therapy, the physical basis of the HIFU ablation method, and the mechanisms of antitumor action of HIFU therapy are presented. The results and benefits of HIFU therapy for various malignant and benign tumors are discussed.


The invention provides a preparation method of renewable polyester POY (Pre-oriented Yarn) color fibers. According to the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps of: after drying a mixed material of renewable PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottle pieces and renewable polyester foam materials by a revolving drum, extruding the mixed material in a melted way by a double-screw extruder; after the material is extruded, filtering an obtained melt after the material is extruded; after polymerizing, tackifying and filtering the filtered material, immediately injecting color masterbatches into the filtered material; extruding out the filtered material by the double-screw extruder; carrying out spinning and circular blow cooling on the filtered material; applying oil to the filtered material by an oil nozzle; guiding the filtered material into yarns up and down; and winding and molding the yarns so as to obtain the renewable polyester POY color fibers. According to the invention, through the adoption of a tackifying and filtering raw material treatment technology, the viscosity of the treated raw material is greatly enhanced and impurity content of the treated raw material is greatly reduced; and then the color masterbatches with high heat resistance, high fastness to sunlight and excellent transference resistance are added to prepare the renewable polyester POY colored differential polyester fibers. The renewable polyester POY color fibers have the advantages of excellent color fastness, excellent fastness to sunlight, excellent wear resistance, more color varieties, good effect and wide application.


Abstract This study aims to determine the incidence of sepsis in neonates operated for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and ascertain if the level or pattern of C-reactive protein (CRP) could be used to differentiate neonates with sepsis from noninfective inflammation. This study suggests that CRP patterns within the first 48-hours after surgical intervention for congenital diaphragmatic hernia could be used to differentiate neonates with noninfective inflammation from sepsis. A larger, multicentric study is needed to differentiate sepsis from inflammation on the basis of CRP rise and thereby help in avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics.


In this work, a new erbium (Er) doped nano‐engineered scandium‐phospho‐yttria‐alumina‐silica (SPYAS) glass‐based optical fiber is reported, fabricated through the MCVD process, and solution doping technique, followed by a suitable thermal annealing of pristine preform. The fabrication process comprises the incorporation of erbium doped phase‐separated scandium‐yttria rich crystalline nanoparticles into the core region through in situ process based on phase‐separation and crystal growth phenomena. The material characterization results, obtained from transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction pattern, energy dispersive X‐ray, electron probe micro analysis, and X‐ray fluorescence, confirm the formation of Er2O3 doped crystalline phase‐separated scandium‐yttria rich nanoparticles in the core region. The formation of scandium‐ultra rich nano‐crystalline environment, possessing low photon energy around the erbium ions, enhanced the fluorescence intensity. Such kind of nano‐engineered glass reduces the noise figure around 4.35 dB, and provides broadband optical flat gain with an average value of 38.675 dB, varied by less than ±0. 7 dB spanning over a broad wavelength region of 1530–1590 nm compared to the pristine and Sc free Er‐doped fibers. Such kind of nano‐engineered glass based Er doped fiber will be useful for making highly efficient optical amplifiers, suitable for present broadband optical communication systems.


This study concerns about 11 patients with multiple primary oral carcinomas who were treated at our institution from 1967 to 1986. According to the criteria of Ueno et al.(1974), the incidence of multiple primary oral carcinoma in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity was 2.9%. Isochronism was confirmed in 3 cases and heterochronism in the remaining 8 cases. The average time interval between the primary carcinomas and the secondary one in patients with heterochronous carcinomas was about 3 years and the longest interval was 7 years and 5 months. In 8 out of the 11 patients, secondary lesions were detected at the contralateral site of the primary one. The secondary lesion was generally discovered at the earlier stage as compared to the primary one. Two patients with isochronous carcinomas died 11 months and 22 months after treatment respectively. Otherwise, the average life in 5 dead patients with heterochronous carcinomas was 6 years and 5 months.These results suggest that a long-term follow up and careful examination on the whole oral cavity are necessary for sttaining successful outcome.


Video enhancement algorithms in long-range multi-sensor surveillance systems are of great importance. Infrared sensors typically suffer from blur and noise originating from sensors and their environment. This paper proposes a real-time infrared imaging enhancement algorithm, applicable to multiple sensor types. The research presented in this paper is introductory for developing smart, adaptive, machine learning based enhancement systems.


there is provided a device for driving an inspection system and / or cleaning system, in particular image recording device (3) in a tube with a wheel carrier (2), a wheel (2a) and an actuating means, wherein - the wheel (2a) on the wheel carrier (2) is arranged, - the wheel support (2) on a housing (4) of the inspection system and / or purification system or on a housing (4) for the inspection system and / or cleaning system is disposed and is movable relative to the housing, and - the adjusting means cooperating with the wheel carrier (2), to move the wheel support (2) relative to the housing (4), and in which - the actuating means comprises at least one shape memory element (20) which changes its shape reversibly, depending on at least one influencing variable, the shape change of the shape memory element (20) causes the movement of the wheel carrier (2) relative to the housing (4). having.


Low-level mechanical stimulation is sufficient to improve tendon healing in rats. Treatment of tendon injuries often involves immobilization. However, immobilization might not prevent mild involuntary isometric muscle contraction. The effect of weak forces on tendon healing is therefore of clinical interest. Studies of tendon healing with various methods for load reduction in rat Achilles tendon models show a consistent reduction in tendon strength by at least half, compared with voluntary cage activity. Unloading was not complete in any of these models, and the healing tendon was therefore still exposed to mild mechanical stimulation. By reducing the forces acting on the tendon even further, we now studied the effects of this mild stimulation. Rat Achilles tendons were transected and allowed to heal spontaneously under four different loading conditions: 1 ) normal cage activity; 2 ) calf muscle paralysis induced by botulinum toxin A (Botox); 3 ) tail suspension; 4 ) Botox and tail suspension, combined, to eliminate even mild stimulation. Healing was evaluated by mechanical testing after 8 days. Botox alone and suspension alone both reduced tendon callus size (transverse area), thereby impairing its strength compared with normal cage activity. The combination of Botox and suspension did not further reduce tendon callus size but drastically impaired the material properties of the tendon callus compared with each treatment alone. The peak force was only a fifth of that in the normal cage activity group. The results indicate that also the mild loading that occurs with or suspension alone tendon This to mainly tissue quality, whereas stronger stimulation also increases callus size. Statistical Analysis Because the variance appeared not to be similar between groups for some variables (according to Levene's test), nonparametric methods were chosen. The primary variable was peak force, which is the result of transverse area and peak stress. The two latter variables were therefore considered more interesting than other secondary variables. The goal of the study was to compare the three groups with different methods for load reduction, with the hypothesis that Botox and tail suspension together would show different results compared with each load reduction method alone. First, all variables of Table 1 were analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis test, confirming heterogeneity between the groups for all variables. The data for the combination of Botox and tail suspension was then compared with the data from the other groups, using Mann-Whitney U -test. Also, data from Botox treatment was compared with data from tail suspension. To correct for multiple comparisons, only P values of (cid:3) 0.01 were considered significant.


In this research we analyzed the "Kanto University Women's Soccer League", to solve the problem that a lot of students might step out from soccer after they graduated from high school. We classified universities of the "Kanto University Women's Soccer League" into four types, according to the aspect of difficulty of entrance examinations and performance of the competitions. As a result of the analysis, it was clarified that there are no women's soccer clubs in the so-called "MARCHG(popular, private university group of the Meiji, Aoyama Gakuin, Rikkyo, Chuo, Hosei, and Gakushuin)" zone. As a lot of students take entrance examinations of universities in "MARCHG", it can be thought that a distributional bias in universities is one of the reasons why many students don't continue in soccer clubs after they have graduated from high school. From the results of this research, it is considered that establishing women's soccer clubs at universities in "MARCHG" will lead to the development of women's soccer in Japan.


Recent work has shown that complex manipulation skills, such as pushing or pouring, can be learned through state-of-the-art learning based techniques, such as Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, these methods often have high sample-complexity, are susceptible to domain changes, and produce unsafe motions that a robot should not perform. On the other hand, purely geometric model-based planning can produce complex behaviors that satisfy all the geometric constraints of the robot but might not be dynamically feasible for a given environment. In this work, we leverage a geometric model-based planner to build a mixture of path-policies on which a task-specific meta-policy can be learned to complete the task. In our results, we demonstrate that a successful meta-policy can be learned to push a door, while requiring little data and being robust to model uncertainty of the environment. We tested our method on a 7-DOF Franka-Emika Robot pushing a cabinet door in simulation.


THESIS: The Kinetics of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azidopyridine N-Oxides STUDENT: Breanna Ricketts DEGREE: Master of Science COLLEGE: Sciences and Humanities DATE: May 2015 PAGES: 48 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of aromatic azides and alkenes or alkynes to form triazole and triazolines is a well established reaction. Reaction rate studies for phenyl azide with a variety of dipolarophiles have been previously performed by Huisgen, and then the reactivity and selectivity of those reactions were later explained by Sustmann in FMO terms. However, Sustmann did not use the entire set of reaction rates, since not all the FMO data were known at the time. The first half of this thesis employed the use of computational chemistry to determine Frontier Molecular Orbital energies of the to determine the complete set of Huisgen and to generate a complete and updated FMO correlation diagram for phenyl azide cycloadditions, to determine the applicability of the Sustmann model for a broader range of dipolarophiles. The second half of this thesis was to experimentally determine the reaction rates of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with azidopyridine N-oxides and a wide range of dipolarophiles in order to determine the role that the N-oxide group plays with respect to the reactivity and selectivity in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of the azide moiety. In addition, these azidopyridine 1-oxides were observed to undergo tandem cycloaddition that is not seen with phenyl azide.


The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology of modeling and simulation of electrical vehicles (EV) for design and control of their powertrain. On the base of this method, new software tool which is called ELEctric VEhicle Simulator (ELEVES) has been developed in Delphi environment with a Pascal code. It provides the vehicle engineering community with an easy-to-use, flexible, yet robust and supported analysis package for electric vehicles modeling. It uses the Component Hybrid Dynamic Nets (CHDN) to graphically present and extract the equations of studied system. CHDN allow every component of electric vehicle architecture to be individually modeled and then represented in software library. Finally, an example of application is treated in order to highlight ELEVES's ability to design and control electrical components of EV. This study concerns the two in-wheel drives EV with speed control of vehicle. The obtained results have been compared with those of Matlab/Simulink in order to validate our software.


The promotion of general education and university education – as part of the new educational reform – is a result primarily of the low formal education levels for the adult population, which were ascertained at the end of the 1990s. Fundamentally, the necessity to improve the level ofeducation of Polish citizens is beyond question. However, this "catching up development" over sucha short time period causes several problems: In this context, the key question has to be whether the Polish economy is capable of efficiently absorbing the current and - more tothe point - the expected future university graduate figures, i.e., can it give these people jobs according to their qualifications? There is also the question of whether the aspirations and career wishes – which are now significantly increased – can be fulfilled. The experiences of the last decade have shown that the actual life prospects and individual opportunities for development were decisive for the migratory behaviour of highly qualified people. In order to answer these questions, a comparison will be made betweenthe currently observed structure of the demand for manpower and the supply of university graduates. In summary, it can be concluded that a "boisterous"development in the university sector (without taking into account the existing demand barriers) led to a substantial "supersaturating" of the labour market. Consequently, at the present, a university degree is – unlike in the 1990s – neither a guarantee of a good salary, even less so of a career, nor of even finding a job at all! Increasing unemployment figures among people with a university education and within the framework of university graduates is officially regarded as a new and increasingly disturbing phenomenon of the last few years. For Polish society, this means a substantial waste of human capital. What is more, it cannot be ignored that the loss of human capital can take the form of a "brain drain". In this context, attention should be drawn to a continuously growing demand for highly qualified persons on the part of the "old " EU states. This frequently leads to organised recruiting campaigns in professions where there are shortages – as currently observable in the health sector. As evidenced by previous reports, the existence of demand does not by itself spark off migration. However,the current danger of a "brain drain" must be taken seriously. The authors hope that some ideas are also relevant for certain developments in Bulgaria.


A formula is developed for estimating the far-field beamwidth of an arbitrary narrow-beam phased array of identical isotropic elements at a single frequency. Equations are developed for the effects of errors in the estimated positions of the array elements.


The frequency responses of coaxial cables employing wire braided shields, excited by external fields, is studied using an algorithm based on a distributed circuit model, which uses both electric and magnetic field parameters to model the external field coupling. The simplicity and fast speed of the model enable computer-aided analysis of externally induced noise in cable interconnects to be carried out in a computationally efficient manner. A general CAD algorithm is developed, based on this model, and it is applied to the study of the response of cables over a ground plane. The algorithm is then used to study the effects of different braid constructions on the responses of cables excited by external fields. Responses of cables with optimum braid designs in their shields are studied in detail. The model uses the experimental values of the leakage parameters which are measured separately using a standard triaxial text fixture.


introduction: investigations of physical training with people living with hiV/aids emphasize the aerobic, strength and concurrent components in multiple sets. objective: to evaluate the concurrent training with single sets in immune, virological, cardiorespiratory, and muscular parameters in patients with hiV/aids. methods: time series, with the participation of six men and one woman who used haart. the immune parameter was assessed by flow cytometry, the virological, by the hiV-1 rna 3.0 (bdna) assay, the cardiopulmonary through the ramp protocol and the muscular parameter by the 15-repetition maximum and the maximum number of abdominal exercises within 1 minute. the training was performed three times a week for 12 weeks with monthly increments and reevaluations. the statistics included absolute value, median and range and the Wilcoxon t test using spss, version 20.0 (p<0.05). results: in the immunological parameter, the number of Cd4+ t lymphocytes increased (p=0.034). in the virological parameter, the viral load decreased in 2 participants (495 for 51 copies/ml and 72 non-detectable [<50 copies/ml]) and 5 maintained a non-detectable viral load. in the cardiorespiratory parameter there was an increase in the absolute Vo2max (p=0.028) and maximum workload (Watt) in the cycloergometer (p=0.015). the workload increased in muscular function of all exercises assessed: peck deck (p=0.018), latissimus dorsi pull down (p=0.017), leg press (p=0.018), arm curl (p=0.016) and triceps extension (p=0.017) and maximum number of abdominal exercises in 1 minute (p=0.018). Conclusion: the training improved cardiopulmonary and muscular parameters and caused no deleterious effects on immune parameter or increase in viral load.


The subject. The crisis of local self-government actualizes the problem of effectiveness of legal regulation of the issues of its organization. The purpose of the paper is evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory framework for the organization of local government. The methodology of research includes systematic analysis, formal legal method, interpretation of legislation. The results and scope of application. The crisis of local self-government actualizes the problem of effectiveness of legal regulation of the issues of its organization. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory framework for the organization of local government is reduced to two questions: what are the limits of state legal regulation and what are the beginning of the division of powers on the organization of local government between the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. Recognizing the optimal legislative approach to the definition of the limits of state regulation, which assumes the creation at the federal level of a full-fledged legal mechanism for the implementation of local self-government, subject to its combination with the beginning of municipal self-regulation, the author criticizes the legislative approach to delineating the powers to organize local self-government between the Federation and the subjects of the Federation. Conclusions. Due to the legislative formula, according to which the scope of regional powers depends on the discretion of the federal legislator, the local self-government turned out to be "hostage" to the emerging federal relations.


Sequencing of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region(included ITS1,ITS2 and 5\^8S rRNA gene)and partial 18S and 28S rRNA genes of two common sucking Simuliidae species in China,S.quinquestriatum and S.bidentatum was analysized,each species for 4 clones from single individual.Length of 5\^8S rRNA gene of both species is 122bp.Size of ITS1 and ITS2 of S.quinquestriatum are 136bp and 323bp respectively.Those of S.bidentatum are 101~105bp and 321~324bp.Sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 were joined and aligned.It was found that homologous degrees of ITS1-ITS2 joined sequences among S.quinquestriatum clones were 99%,and that of S.bidentatum 96%~100%.Results revealed that there were nuclear rDNA repeat-type variants within S.quinquestriatum and S.bidentatum.


approved: ______________________________________________________ Liney Arnadottir and P. Alex Greaney The study outlined in this dissertation elucidate the thermal and structural properties of ZrB2 based ceramics as choice materials for high temperature applications. Thermal properties were investigated to improve understanding on aspects that are affected by point defects and impurities at nanoscale and electron level using a combination of lattice dynamics, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and density functional theory. Macroscopic approach to heat transfer is limited as characteristic time and length scale reduces and become analogous to phonon relaxation times and mean free path over the stages transfer. A correlation between atomic structure property and thermal parameters were investigated using phonon (lattice vibration) analysis. In this study is described thermal contribution in a collaborative effort to develop a defect-adaptive predictive model for zirconium diboride (ZrB2) properties. This portion focuses on the thermal property of point defects and impurity defects of metallic and covalent form. Introduction of defects into perfect ZrB2 to tune or investigate the variations in its thermal conductivity, expansivity and heat capacity for desired application provides endless space for controllable parameters. Green-Kubo (GK) method which is well established in the study of transport phenomena was applied to compute thermal transport with expected differences in heat current in the


When going away on business to a e new country f , i.e., a country within which your exploration and/or mining company wants to invest for the first time, a major question that a company should be asked is: "What is the legal framework of that country?", and, more importantly, "How secure will your mineral venture be under that country"s legal framework?" The aim of of this article is to help mining companies to answ er these complex questions, and also to strive to be of interest to governments that may find it useful in either gaining a better understanding of the behav iour and expectations of mining companies, or choosing the most appropriate option among v arious sy stem of mining agreements. The article is divided into four parts, corresponding to the four main issues to be considered when evaluating the security of a mineral venture from a legal point of view. First, one must analy se "regulatory documents" which already exist in the country in question, and decide on those to be drafted(mining agr...


Line width slimming (LWS) occurring in ArF photo-resist is measured with various threshold levels. The LWS decreases as the threshold level decrease, with electron's landing voltage (Ve) = 800 V. Contrary to this, with Ve = 300 V the LWS slightly increases as the threshold level decrease. The line edge detected by threshold = 20% locates in the sidewall where the elevation angle is nearly zero, whilst the line edge by threshold = 80% locates in the top corner where the elevation angle is more than 30 degrees. To estimate the electron dose that is sensitive to the elevation angle of the incident electron, we used an in-house made Monte Carlo simulator. The LWS variation with the threshold level can be explained by calculated electron dose ratio that is sensitive to the elevation angle.


In this paper, a novel 3D orthogonal polynomial moment based on 3D U system polynomials is proposed, and is used for 3D model retrieval. U system is a kind of complete and orthogonal polynomials system. In this paper, we combine U system with spherical harmonic functions and define a shape descriptor-Usystem rotation invariant moments. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by constructing precision/recall diagrams. Results clearly demonstrate effectiveness of this new method in the 3D-model retrieval process and superiority over the traditional Zernike moment invariants.


e17525 Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common and lethal gynecologic malignancy. The prognosis of OC is variable among different patients treated with standard of care therapies. Herein, we described mutational profiles of OC to identify underlying therapeutic targets and prognostic markers. Methods: The study was performed in 38 Chinese patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the most common subtype of OC. Most patients (86.8%) had advanced disease (stage III-IV). Tissue samples were subjected to capture-based targeted sequencing using a panel consisting of 520 cancer related genes. Mutational profiles including gene mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) were evaluated in each patient. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status was also assessed. Analysis of mutational profile with platinum-sensitivity, progression-free survival (PFS) and platinum-free interval (PFI) were performed. Results: Genetic alterations were mainly identified in TP53 (97%), BRCA1 (24%), RB1 (21%), FGF23 (21%), CCND2 (18%), RECQL4 (18%) and NF1 (16%). CNVs were comprehensively distributed in 242 genes with 76% (29/38) of patients harboring at least one CNV. In addition to BRCA1, genetic alterations were also presented in other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes including CDK12 (5%), BRCA2 (3%), ATM (3%), BRIP1 (3%), CHEK1 (3%) and FANCI (3%). There were 22 of 38 (58%) patients with genetic alterations of the HRR pathway. In the study, 28 patients were platinum-sensitive (74%) and 10 were platinum-resistant (26%). Platinum-sensitivity was significantly associated with BRCA1/2 mutations (p < 0.01). In platinum-resistant patients, 7 of 10 patients harbored genetic alterations of actionable therapeutic targets such as PIK3CA, TSC1 and HER2 alterations. The prognosis analysis indicated that BRCA1/2 mutations were significantly associated with improved PFI (p < 0.05) and marginally associated with improved PFS (p = 0.05). Although no association was observed between HRD status and patient prognosis, subgroup analysis in patients with R0 resection found positive HRD showing significant association with better PFI (p < 0.05) and marginal association with better PFS (p = 0.06). Further analysis of HRD classified by NF1 revealed different PFS and PFI among patients harboring positive HRD, negative HRD with NF1 mutations and negative HRD with wild type NF1 (p < 0.05). The study also observed association of LRP1B mutations and RAD52 amplification with worse PFS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In OC patients, genetic mutations were frequently occurred in both HRR and non HRR genes. CNVs were widely presented in many genes and patients. The mutational profiling also identified a number of potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers at molecular level which could contribute to personalized treatment and management of OC.


Recent unsupervised person re-identification (reID) methods mostly apply pseudo labels from clustering algorithms as supervision signals. Despite great success, this fashion is very likely to aggregate different identities with similar appearances into the same cluster. In result, the hard negative samples, playing important role in training reID models, are significantly reduced. To alleviate this problem, we propose a self-guided hard negative generation method for unsupervised person re-ID. Specifically, a joint framework is developed which incorporates a hard negative generation network (HNGN) and a re-ID network. To continuously generate harder negative samples to provide effective supervisions in the contrastive learning, the two networks are alternately trained in an adversarial manner to improve each other, where the reID network guides HNGN to generate challenging data and HNGN enforces the re-ID network to enhance discrimination ability. During inference, the performance of re-ID network is improved without introducing any extra parameters. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms a strong baseline and also achieves better results than state-of-the-art methods.


The size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a liquid chromatographic technique in which, ideally, molecules are separated according to their size in corresponding solutions. SEC is an irreplaceable technique in characterization and molecular mass distribution determination (MMDD) of polymers. As in all chromatographic techniques, separating columns are the "heart" of the SEC system and they dictate the measured efficiency, as well as accuracy. The choice of column packing depends on the analytical or preparative purpose of separation. Better column efficiencies and separations are obtained with small particle packing and solutes having high diffusion rates. Pore size is one of the most significant parameters to be considered, since it dictates the range of molecular mass (MM) separation [1]. For separating sample components that extend over more than two decades of MM a set of bimodal pore size or multimodal pore size distribution columns (mixed gel columns) are the most desired. Even though SEC has been applied in polymer characterization for a long period of time, the method can show a lack of interlaboratory consistency, as results obtained in one of the IUPAC Round Robin Tests have shown [2]. The aim of this work was to make an interlaboratory crossover study and validation of SEC method. For this purpose measurements were done in two different laboratories, on three different types of equipment, on three different column sets covering nominal MM separation range 103 – 107 Da. Samples of PS standards with narrow or wide MM distribution, as well as commercial polystyrene and other (co)polymer were used for these measurements. A number of validation parameters was defined: repeatability of measurements, repeatability of the standards preparation, intermediary precision, accuracy, selectivity. Based on the criteria of acceptability, validation values were within the tolerance range leading to the conclusion that the method was acceptable for polymer characterization. However, the relationship between MM and column porosity ranges used in characterization has to be taken into account. [1] W.W.Yau, J.J.Kirkland, D.D.Bly ; Modern size-exclusion liquid chromatography, John Willey & Sons, 1997. [2] D.Berek, Results of " Molecular characterization of commercial polymers " IUPAC Working Party IV-2.2 1997, private communication.


Reaction of Na 2 PdCl 4 with Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 SH.HCl in methanol affords a trimeric complex [PdCl(SCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 )] 3 Treatment of [M 2 Cl 2 (μ-Cl) 2 (PR 3 ) 2 ] (M = Pd or Pt) with Me 2 NCH 2 CH 2 SH.HCl in the presence of NaHCO 3 yields complexes of the type [MCl(SCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 )(PR3)] n (n = 1 or 2). These complexes have been isolated as monomeric species containing chelating thiolate ligands. In some cases, with more basic phosphines, binuclear complexes (n = 2) containing bridging thiolate ligands are also formed. All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of [PdCl(SCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 )(PPh 3 )] (2c) has been established by X-ray crystallography.


Defining Situations Environmental Advocacy National Green Parties and the German Greens The Greens' Rhetorical Vision: An Overview Environmental and Peace Issues Human Rights and Third World Concerns Industrialization and Exploitation Rhetorical Elements in the Green Vision The Rhetoric of the New Politics and the Future of the Greens Bibliography


Objective: This study describes the relationship between health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and depression in patients following major surgery for head and neck cancer.


The tension between economic integration and cultural diversity within the European Union (EU) has long been recognized as a key tension within the European project. This chapter focuses on European heritage, and examines the linkages between identity and heritage against the background of the conceptual debate on the processes of Europeanization and the contested meanings of Europeanness. The emphasis in the chapter, however, is very much more on the prevailing trend in the anglophone literature which predominantly regards heritage as a contested discourse that can be defined as the meanings attributed to the past in the present and is concerned with the interplay of memory, identity, dissonance and place. The chapter first considers the conceptual debate on identity in Europe, then moves to position heritage within this context before concluding with an evaluation of the contribution of heritage to the redefinition of tropes of belonging in Europe. Keywords:cultural diversity; European heritage; European identity


Fifteen years since the end of apartheid with the first free elections in 1994, deep inequalities still exist in South Africa. If apartheid was a system with a rigid racial segregation, post-apartheid South Africa has institutionalised proactive policies of compensation in many sectors, including higher education, based once again on racial distinctions. While the actual utility of such affirmative action policies is still debated, we can notice that one of their unintended consequences is that of perpetuating 'race' as a social reality. Moreover, the persistence of segregation in housing, professions and culture tends to reinforce this side-effect. In this presentation I will discuss the salience of race among students at Rhodes University, Grahamstown. In particular, I will look at the role of race in identity construction and in the attribution of meaning to students' everyday practices, in relation to learning activities, life in dormitories, sport and entertainment, paying special attention to the experience of the Rhodes University Chamber Choir. This ethnography has been conducted concomitantly with a study on risk perception among Rhodes University students


The utility model discloses an MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) graphite tray and relates to the producing technology field of MOCVD epitaxial wafers. The MOCVD graphite tray comprises a big graphite tray and a small graphite tray, wherein the big graphite tray is provided with a small air hole and a bolt; a supporting groove matched with the bolt is formed in the backside of the centre of the small graphite tray; the small graphite tray is matched with the bolt through the supporting groove and is arranged above the big graphite tray; a central wafer groove and edge wafer grooves are formed in the small graphite tray; the edge wafer grooves are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the central wafer groove; depths of all edge wafer grooves are consistent; and the depth of each edge wafer groove is greater than that of the central wafer groove. According to the MOCVD graphite tray, through improving an existing small graphite tray, the wafer grooves with different center and edge depths are designed, the depth of the central wafer groove is less than that of the edge wafer grooves, the condition that the central partial temperature of the small tray is relatively high due to heat conduction of the bolt is improved, so that the temperature difference of the center and edge of the small graphite tray is reduced, and at last, the epitaxial wafer with good uniformity is obtained.


Dermatophytes are the most common causes of superficial or cutaneous fungal infections around the world and remain a major public health problem in spite of the presence of some numbers of antifungal drugs. The difficulties associated with the treatment of dermatophytosis and antifungal drugs resistance remain challenges to select an effective antifungal agents. This study aimed to investigate the activity of three antidermatophytic drugs in vitro (Clotrimazole, Itraconazole and Fluconazole) and the activity of the ethanol and chloroform extracts of two medicinal plant (Ziziphus nummaularia and Curcuma domestica). Fourteen species of dermatophytes were examined by disk diffusion method using Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar. The study revealed that, from the collected specimens, 180 (60%) of cases were positive for isolating of dermatophytes. Clotrimazole was the most effective antidermatophytic drug against the tested dermatophytes, it was clear that ethanol and chloroform extracts of Ziziphus nummaularia had the same activity of Clotrimazole against E. floccosum. Similarly the chloroform extract of Ziziphus nummaularia has the same activity of Itraconazole against M. nanum. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of both Ziziphus numalaria and Curcuma dometica showed more activity towards T. violaceum comparing with the three tested antifugal drugs. This study concluded that the antifungal activity of Ziziphus numalaria and Curcuma dometica against tested dermatophytes correlates well with the claims of their traditional uses for skin infections. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the active ingredients that responsible for their inhibition of dermatophytes.


This paper introduced some important concepts,such as the evidence-distance,the evidence support degree,the evidence credibility and the decision-making distance measurement.By given some rationalize processing to the trust function data of evidence,and achieved the result of the multi-sensor information fusion using the D-S evidence combination rules,then,this paper proposed a weighted average algorithm of multi-sensor information fusion based on decision-distance.Numerical example shows that the method can effectively solve the D-S conflict,and can ensure the accuracy of the information fusion.


Background:
 Symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is treated with surgical evacuation. SDH has a high incidence of recurrence despite evacuation, reported between 2% and 37%. Multiple case reports and case series demonstrate embolization of the Middle Meningeal artery (MMA) for the treatment of chronic SDH to be an adjunct treatment and a possible alternative to surgical evacuation.

 Method:
 Retrospective analysis of patients with chronic SDH who underwent MMA embolization at our community based, Comprehensive Stroke Center between April and August 2019 was done. MMA embolization was performed using 100-300 or 300-500 μm Embospheres.

 Results:
 18 patients presented with chronic SDH, 55% female. Mean age and modified Rankin score was 70 (range: 48-95 years) and 1 (range: 0-3), respectively. 17 patients (94%) required a total of 20 MMA embolizations. 83% had unilateral MMA embolization and 17% had bilateral MMA embolizations. 100-300 μm Embospheres were used for the MMA embolization in 82% of the patients and 300-500 μm Embospheres in 18% of the patients. 33% had Burr hole prior to the procedure. 5% ( n= 1) patient had Burr hole evacuation after embolization due to Neurosurgeon preference, not neurological deterioration. 56 % patient received treatment to resume anticoagulation/antiplatelet and 44% received prophylactic embolization to prevent reaccumulation after Burr hole evacuation. Mean size of maximum diameter of SDH was 16.9 mm and 4.6 mm of midline shift on admission CT. Mean SDH size and midline shift at discharge was 13 mm and 2.27 respectively. 50% patients had 1 month follow up CT with mean SDH size was 8.2 mm (in comparison to 19.7 in these patients). 17 % (n=3) patients had complete resolution on 3 month follow up. The one patient treated with 300-500 μm Embospheres had an acute on chronic asymptomatic SDH on 1 month follow up CT, requiring accessory meningeal artery embolization with 100-300 μm Embospheres ultimately resulting complete resolution of the SDH at 1 month post embolization.

 Conclusion:
 Despite limited data available, Middle Meningeal artery embolization using 100-300 μm Embospheres leads to reproducible results to prevent recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma. A large randomized controlled study is needed to verify our results.


This article presents the contribution provided by a digital twin to validate a mathematical model on the positioning of the vehicle driving simulator, in this case military, using guidelines for the inverse kinematics analysis in parallel robots and the design of Stewart-Gough-type platforms.. The aforementioned 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) platform with a fixed base and a movable platform of irregular geometry are analyzed using the steps presented, based on geometric analysis to determine the spatial distribution that actuators must have to achieve mobility in 6 DOF of the mobile platform, obtaining great advantages to recreate all the physical illusions that drivers must experience, achieving benefits in applications such as simulation training.


Simple Summary The treatment of elderly patients with breast cancer often deviates from guideline recommendations due to comorbidities, expected side effects, and patient preference. We investigated the standard of care of postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in elderly patients (≥65 years) treated outside of clinical trials, potential factors related to the omission of radiotherapy, and the interaction with endocrine therapy. Overall, three thousand one hundred seventy-one women treated at two major breast centers were evaluated. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 82% of these cases. The irradiated patients were younger and more likely to receive additional endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Patients who did not receive radiotherapy were significantly more likely to have non-invasive DCIS tumors and did not undergo axillary surgery. Radiotherapy was associated with improved locoregional tumor control, even in patients receiving endocrine therapy. Patients treated with radiotherapy alone had significantly better locoregional control than with endocrine therapy alone. In conclusion, the present work confirms the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy in the elderly, even in patients receiving endocrine therapy. Abstract We aimed to evaluate the standard of care of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in elderly female patients (≥65 years) treated outside of clinical trials and to identify potential factors related to the omission of RT and the interaction with endocrine therapy (ET). All women treated with BCS at two major breast centers between 1998 and 2014 were evaluated. Data were provided by the Tumor Registry Munich. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors were identified using multivariate Cox regression analysis. The median follow-up was 88.4 months. Adjuvant RT was performed in 82% (2599/3171) of patients. Irradiated patients were younger (70.9 vs. 76.5 years, p < 0.001) and were more likely to receive additional chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and ET (p = 0.014). Non-irradiated patients more often had non-invasive DCIS tumors (pTis: 20.3% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001) and did not undergo axillary surgery (no axillary surgery: 50.5% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.001). Adjuvant RT was associated with improved locoregional tumor control after BCS in invasive tumors (10-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS): 94.0% vs. 75.1%, p < 0.001, 10-year lymph node recurrence-free survival (LNRFS): 98.1% vs. 93.1%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed significant benefits for local control with postoperative RT. Furthermore, RT led to increased locoregional control even in patients who received ET (10-year LRFS 94.8% with ET + RT vs. 78.1% with ET alone, p < 0.001 and 10-year LNRFS: 98.2% vs. 95.0%, p = 0.003). Similarly, RT alone had significantly better locoregional control rates compared to ET alone (10-year LRFS 92.6% with RT alone vs. 78.1% with ET alone, p < 0.001 and 10-year LNRFS: 98.0% vs. 95.0%, p = 0.014). The present work confirms the efficacy of postoperative RT for breast carcinoma in elderly patients (≥65 years) treated in a modern clinical setting outside of clinical trials, even in patients who receive ET.


Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as a new class of two-dimensional material, have received wide attention of scientific community due to their peculiar electronic and optical properties. Monolayer TMDs such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 are semiconductors with band gap energies in the visible and near-infrared region, which promises the applications in logic nano-devices, ultra-high speed photoelectric detectors and nano-lasers. Temperature has strong influences on the electronic and optical properties of semiconductors, and their applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices. Thus, the research on the temperature dependence of the energy band of monolayer TMDs is important and meaningful. Monolayer MoS2, as a prototype of TMDs, displays a weak absorption line with a strong background in original reflection or absorption spectra. The strong background has a tremendous influence on the determination of excitonic transition energy and linewidth. In this work, we adopt the reflection magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy in which reflection spectra and MCD spectra can be simultaneously obtained. We demonstrate that the background disturbance is eliminated in the MCD spectra, in contrast to the reflectivity spectra. And we discuss the optimization of our home-built experimental setup in detail. Through the elaborate analysis of the MCD theory, we demonstrate that the excitonic transition energy and linewidth can be directly and accurately extracted from the MCD spectrum. We perform the reflection MCD measurements on monolayer MoS2 in a temperature range of 65—300 K. The transition energies and linewidths of A and B excitons of monolayer MoS2 are extracted, respectively. Those functional parameters that describe the temperature dependence of the energy and linewidth of both excitonic transitions are evaluated and analyzed. We find that the broadening of the linewidth is related to the LO phonon scattering, and the linewidth of A exciton is clearly narrower than that of B exciton. The linewidth difference between A and B excitons might result from the stronger inter-valley coupling of B exciton. Our results indicate that MCD spectroscopy, as a modulated spectroscopy by magnetic fields, provides an easy tool to determine the features of monolayer excitons.


Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new concrete. According to [11] UHPC is that concrete which features compressive strength over C100/115 class. Up to this point standards for this type of concrete were not adopted, although its characteristic strength exceeds those specified in [33]. Its main property is high compressive strength. This provides the possibility of reducing the section of elements (beams or columns) made of this type of concrete, while the load capacity remains high. The study consists in blending mixtures of UHPC made of varying proportions of materials. The authors have obtained strengths of up to 160 MPa. The materials used are: Portland cement, silica fume, quartz powder, steel fibers, superplasticiser, sand and crushed aggregate for concrete andesite.


In order to distinguish whether it is really a ferroelectric or not, the dielectric response of PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ceramic to biasing dc field has been examined. In contrast to ordinary ferroelectrics, an effect is scarcely detected below the Curie point of 233\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C even up to a field strength of 20 kv/cm, except for a slight increase of permittivity at the vicinity of the transition point. In addition, the Curie temperature decreases with increasing biasing field attaining the value $\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{c}=\ensuremath{-}1.7$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for 20 kv/cm. The hysteresis loops of this ceramic have been studied. So long as the amplitude of the applied ac field is less than a critical field of about 23 kv/cm, the $D\ensuremath{-}E$ curves are almost always linear, except that a slight upward curvature becomes perceptible just at the temperature range wherein permittivity increases, and never show any hysteresis characteristics even just below the Curie point. But if the amplitude of the applied field is greater than this threshold value, anomalous hysteresis loops of very impressive form are observed in a narrow temperature range just below the Curie point. These experimental facts all seem to suggest that PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ may be, not a ferroelectric, but an antiferroelectric. A preliminary pyroelectric test also seems to show that no net polarization grows spontaneously when the sample is cooled through its Curie point.


Magnetic reaction is usually done by multiple permanent magnets, which restrict the volume and reliability of the solenoid actuator. The paper presents a new solenoid using one ring NdFeB magnet as spring reaction, taking place of mechanical ones, thus lowering the vibration and noise and having theoretically infinite lifetime. A FEM based analysis is carried out to discuss the magnetic field distribution and to predict the force characteristics. The prototype solenoid was manufactured based on the proposed model and the experimental and simulated results agree well with each other, which indicate that the actuator has achieved a stiffness of 40N/mm, and suitable dynamic characteristics.


The recent development in super resolution microscopy achieved the spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit of light and has provided powerful tools for biological studies [1]. The key techniques for breaking the diffraction barrier were from the understanding and utilizing the interaction between photons and fluorescence molecules. Previously we have proposed saturated excitation (SAX) microscopy as a technique for achieving super resolution imaging in confocal microscopy, which utilizes the excitation saturation of the fluorescence molecules [2]. Higher intensity excitation induces saturation of fluorescence signal from a sample, inducing nonlinear relationships between the fluorescence excitation and emission. Since the excitation saturation occurs predominantly within the focal spot, extracting the nonlinear fluorescence signal provides fluorescence images with a spatial resolution higher than the diffraction limit. The extraction of nonlinear fluorescence signals has been achieved by modulating excitation intensity and demodulated fluorescence signals at harmonic frequencies. We demonstrated SAX microscopy in observation of various fluorescence molecules such as fluorescence proteins and dyes [3, 4]. We also analyzed the relationship between the efficiency of excitation saturation and the modulating frequency of excitation for three dimensional imaging with reduced photobleaching [5,6]. SAX microscopy has also been applied to observation of non fluorescence samples [7, 8]. We report another technique to extract nonlinear fluorescence signals from saturated fluorescence, which improves signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution in SAX microscopy. In this method, nonlinear signals can be extracted by subtracting of non-saturated and saturated fluorescence signals, without modulating excitation. This subtraction-based SAX (S-SAX) microscopy can theoretically detect 8 times and 32 times more signals than modulating SAX (M-SAX) microscopy, in detection of 2nd order, and 3rd order of nonlinear fluorescence responses, respectively. We also optimized excitation conditions for efficiently induction of fluorescence saturation, that allows the improvement of SNR due to reduced light irradiation and photobleaching. With the improved SNR, extraction of higher order of nonlinear fluorescence signals is possible. We demonstrated the improvements of spatial resolution in observing fluorescent polystyrene beads, actin filamentous structures in stained HeLa cells, and synapses in sliced and stained mouse brain tissue. Figure 1. A neuronal cells in sliced mouse brain tissue stained with rhodamine 6G. Confocal (left), 2nd order S-SAX (middle), 3rd order S-SAX (right) images. Improvement of the spatial resolution was confirmed with high SNR in tissue imaging.


The study focuses on off-grid appliance market in Bangladesh, which is expected to grow at a rapid pace in the upcoming years. Survey of upstream and downstream sales agents along with the off-grid appliance consumers have revealed many barriers for energy efficient appliances in the nascent market, including a gap in information and awareness on energy efficient products with a need for enabling environment for market development. Under the circumstances price of the appliance is the leading decision criterion for the rural consumers, which is followed by other features including warranty, longevity, and performance.


Biofuel cells (BFC) are promissing systems as small devices capable to operate over long period of time using renewable source of energy. Our model system uses ethanol as a fuel and the oxygen as an oxidant. One of the critical points is that biocatalysts are naturally not efficient in working conditions of BFC. Directed evolution is a promising approach to improve them. An efficient screening system is the key to success. This paper describes the development of a droplet-based microfluidic system for high-throughput in vivo screening of biocatalysts.


Abstract The genus Lohmannia (Oribatida, Lohmanniidae) is recorded for the first time in South Africa. A new species of Lohmannia is described from the nest of termites of the Franklin Game Reserve on Naval Hill, Bloemfontein, based on the adult and tritonymphal instar. Lohmannia (Lohmannia) lerallana sp. nov. differs from L. (Lohmannia) turcmenica Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1960 by the presence of distinct macrofoveolate ornamentation on the body, setiform subcapitular setae m 1 and long lateral and posterior notogastral setae. A supplementary description of Papillacarus angulatus Wallwork, 1962 is presented based on the South African specimens. Information on distribution and ecology of known lohmanniids in South Africa is provided.


Herein we demonstrate that an alkylation of indoles could be accessed through C-H bond functionalization with α,α-difluorovinyl tosylate. The key aspect for the effective alkylation is the influence of the fluorine substituents on the reactivity of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond, allowing regioselective insertion as well as an indolyl group shift process. Furthermore, the fluorides are removed through alcoholysis to furnish the alkylation product as a traceless auxiliary.


Saxitoxin(STX)was conjugated to bovine serum albumin(BSA) as immune antigen.Inoculated mouse with STX-BSA,gained one hybridoma cell strains secreting monoclonal antibodies against STX stably.The subclass of the McAb was IgM.The titer of the McAb was 1∶102400 in ascites according to the indirect ELISA determination.The affinity constant was 3.71×106 L/mol.


Abstract Even though, according to traditional financial theory, public markets do not price company-specific risk, it does not mean that it does not exist or is not quantifiable for public comparables. In all instances, the company-specific risk premium for publicly traded companies is greater than 0%—yet appraisers start their benchmark analysis at 0% to determine an appropriate company-specific risk premium for privately held companies. Is this a flaw in our collective thinking?


OSHA has recently emphasized an added commitment to do more Refinery and Chemical National Emphasis Program inspections. This article outlines company methods to (a) limit exposure and expense by supplying the agency with requested information, (b) minimize site disruptions, and (c) make compliance improvements efficiently. A successful inspection requires the development of a strategy, tactics, teams, procedures, interview process, and general management of the inspection process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010