A low cost GPS (Global Positioning System) drifter buoy platform has been developed to greatly improve Lagrangian current measurements. The GPS drifter has provided improved spatial and temporal resolution over Argos drifters and its practical, lightweight housing allows easier handling than Loran drifters. A simple differential technique was used to improve accuracy and overcome the intentional downgrading that is imposed on GPS by the use of selective availability. The drifters also feature a thermistor chain that obtains temperature profiles immediately below the surface. Eleven of these drifters were built and successfully tested in Lake Huron. The differential accuracy was determined experimentally to be on the order of 15 meters.<<ETX>>


In this paper a new watermarking algorithm is proposed for videos. The developed method embeds a binary image as watermark into a colour avi video..In the proposed method, LSB and DCT both are embedded in the video frames. We compare our algorithm with 2-LSB using Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Experimental results show that the quality of the watermarked image is higher. PSNR value is 63.74db in proposed method. This is higher compare to the other method.


This paper addresses a terminal sliding mode control method for nonlinear discrete time systems. A sequence of nonlinear sliding manifolds is designed. After the last one in this sequence is forced to zero by a reaching controller, the rest ones converge to zero due to the influence of a power rule. Due to the characteristic of discrete time sliding mode, the conditions of finite time reachability of the sliding manifolds and convergence of states are addressed. An illustrative example is given at the end to prove the efficacy of proposed methods.


The present invention provides a method for producing a self-binding pigment particles from an aqueous suspension containing the calcium carbonate material, the suspension relates to an anionic binder and a method to mix with one or more cationic polymer.


Abstract : The objective of this project is to conduct an analysis of the CECOM Contracting Center's Paperless Contracting Folder program in regards to maintaining its DoD 5015.2 certification. The desired outcomes will be the creation of a File Plan and User Guide to assist with DoD 5015.2 certification.


The importance of cultivating stylistic translation awareness for B.A.in translation and interpreting is analyzed and it is pointed out that,as the enlightening stage,BTI stylistic translation awareness cultivation is cru-cial to the sustainable development of students' translation competence and in the teaching practice,taking stylis-tic elements as media,such awareness may be cultivated through the following procedures,pre-translation hints(recognize and analysis of stylistic features),translation comparison(choice and realization of text translation),af-ter-translation summary(enlargement of stylistic knowledge and strengthen of stylistic translation awareness).


Note to Plea sure Readers: This brief piece is a fanciful engagement of the trend called "surface reading." This phenomenon, to which I'm responding, calls for taking the surface of a text— almost at the level of one's just describing it closely, carefully, fully attentively—as a destination in its own right. The aim for surfacereaders is not to be swamped by seeking "deeper" meanings, "latent" meanings, such as psychoanalysis has sought. Against this backdrop, take my screed as its own embrace of surface— viva surface reading!— that would fondle depth. Since Sharon Marcus and Stephen Best, who started this polemic, show themselves open to maneuvers such as mine, I believe I'm kissing the surface of their claims.


ABC Exhumed has put the call out for bands... and okay we got a little excited, you could say we got carried away.


Statistical comparisons of several nonparametric changepoint estimators which are currently offered in the literature are undertaken. The criteria for comparison are Pitman nearness, probability concentration and mean squared error. Recommendations for small, moderate and large sample cases are given.


Abstract In this paper we deal with some boundary value problems related with diffusion processes in the presence of lower and upper solutions. Singularities as well as non local boundary conditions are allowed. We also prove the existence of extremal solutions and the uniqueness of solution for a particular case.


Objective:To summary the experience of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Methods:Twenty-seven retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and twenty-five transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy were performed,operation time,blood loss,risks related to trocar insertion,CO_2 absorption,postoperative ileus,shoulder pain,length of stay and effect of operation of them were comparatively studied.Results:All cases were performed successfully.There was no case converting to open surgery.In retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy the operative time was(180±30)min,the average blood loss was 120ml and the time of recovery of bowel function was(24±4)h.In transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy the operative time was(200±40)min.The average blood loss was 200ml and the time of recovery of the bowel function was(38±6)h.Conclusions:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was superior to transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy,It has the merits of less blood loss,less shouder and neck pain and faster recovery of the bowel function.


Summary Human food is a very complex biological mixture and food processing and safety are very important and essential disciplines. Proteomics technology using different high-performance separation techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, one-dimensional and multidimensional chromatography, combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry has the power to monitor the protein composition of foods and their changes during the production process. The use of proteomics in food technology is presented, especially for characterization and standardization of raw materials, process development, detection of batch-to-batch variations and quality control of the final product. Further attention is paid to the aspects of food safety, especially regarding biological and microbial safety and the use of genetically modified foods.


Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent issue in intensive care units (ICU), with a major impact on morbidity, mortality and cost of care. VAP diagnosis remains challenging: traditional culture-based microbiological techniques are still the gold-standard, but are too slow to enable clinicians to improve prognosis with timely antimicrobial therapy adjustment. Aim: to compare the performance of the real time quantitative molecular based method versus conventional culture in diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa in pediatric patients. Methods: this study included forty paediatric patients aged from one month to 18 years attending Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and developed VAP during mechanical ventilation, All patients were subjected to full history taking, full clinical examination, chest X-ray, semiquantitative culture of BAL and ETA  on different routine bacteriological media for isolation of the causative organisms and molecular quantification for detection and quantification of P. aeruginosa in BAL and ETA samples by real -time PCR. Results: The mean age in patients' group was 40.7±31.6 months with male predominance (60%). PCR ETA can diagnose Pseudomonas aeruginosa in VAP, with 88.9% sensitivity, 90.3% specificity, 72.7% PPV and 96.5% NPV. AUC (95%CI) = 0.896 (0.76-1.0) and ROC curve analysis showed that PCR BAL can diagnose  Pseudomonas aeruginosa in VAP, with 100% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 90.9% PPV and 100% NPV. AUC (95%CI) = 0.983(0.94-1.0). Conclusion: Molecular biology makes it possible to obtain in the future quick and reliable microbiological results in patients with VAP. qPCR can provide reliable quantitative microbiological data, highly specific and with a good sensitivity for common pathogens involved in VAP.


Crude enzyme extracts from
B. animalis
Bb12 and
L. delbrueckii
ssp.
bulgaricus
ATCC 11842
were used at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L to hydrolyse glycitin (isoflavone glycosides) to its biologically active form
(isoflavone aglycones; IA) in soymilk (SM) prepared from soy protein isolate (SPI) supplemented with 2.0%
(w/v) of D-glucose. Enumeration of microbial populations, measurement of pH and quantification of isoflavones
was carried out at 0 h, 6 h and 12 h of fermentation. The quantification of isoflavone compounds in SM was
carried out using HPLC. The biotransformation of glycitin was higher at the enzyme level of 1.0 g/L from
B.
animalis
Bb12 at 12 h than that at 0.5 g/L or 0.1 g/L, and the level of biotransformation was 74.4%, while
75.23% of glycitin was biotransformed with the enzyme extracted from
L. delbrueckii
ssp.
bulgaricus
ATCC
11842 at the same level of enzyme. The decrease in pH by
B. animalis
Bb12 was lowest with 1.0 g/L and highest
with the control (4.69). Similarly, the decrease in pH by
L. delbrueckii
ssp.
bulgaricus
ATCC 11842 was lowest
with 1.0 g/L (5.19) and highest with the control (5.86). The final viable population of the
B. animalis
Bb12
ranged from 5.94 to 7.49 log CFU/mL and that of
L. delbrueckii
ssp.
bulgaricus
ATCC 11842 ranged from 4.42
to 6.70 log CFU/mL and the organisms showed the highest viable population of 6.70 log CFU/mL at 12 h with
1.0 g/L crude enzyme.


PC appearance already changedthe industry to control designer's design thought along with thescience and technology development, the clothing industry wastransforming, but this all transformations main collection to theclothing machinery unceasing innovation, it was the modern clothingindustry development foundation is at. The programmable controller(PLC) and touches the screen (PT) to apply in the automated controlmore and more widely. Programmable controller (PLC) the use may toenhance the control system the reliable control precision, theenhancement system antijamming ability and so on plays the vital role,but touched the screen the use to provide the good man-machineoperation contact surface for the entire control system, therefore twoorganic synthesis more and more widespread application to industrialproduction each domain.


Abstract ARCHAEOLOGICAL investigations during underpinning works at 17 Dean's Yard, Westminster (Westminster School) revealed a deep sequence of medieval land-reclamation deposits overlying middle to Late Saxon alluvium and basal sand and gravel. The site lies within the area of the medieval Abbey precinct and also within a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site. The foundations of the present building were found to incorporate re-used stonework, possibly derived from earlier monastic buildings associated with Westminster Abbey close by to the north. The site was reclaimed from the peripheral marshy edge of Thorney Island in the High Medieval Period, though dumping to raise the ground level was undertaken as early as the mid-12th century. The discovery of a partial donkey skeleton in an alluvial deposit at the base of the stratigraphic sequence is of national and intemational significance, being the first Late Saxon example of this species found in the country to date. Documentary sources suggest that the cloister area was heavily damaged by fire in the late 13th century and rebuilt in the 14th under Abbot Litlyngton. 14th-century gothic stone mouldings were found in an early post-medieval demolition deposit.


The performance of a thin crushed rock pavement is predicated using mechano lattice analysis and the results are compared with actual performance after the passage of the equivalent of 250,000 standard axles. The pavement consisted of a 100mm layer of crushed rock base overlying a uniform weak subgrade. Input properties include resilient modulus and deformation determined from repeated loading triaxial testing. Results were compared for transient longitudinal strain, rebound deflection under loading and rutting during service life. Analyses were performed at two moisture contents to represent the likely variation in subgrade moisture during the initial period of service (a).


The DEAD box p68 RNA helicase (DDX5) is required to manipulate RNA structures implicated in mRNA/rRNA processing and transcript export, and acts as a co-activator for a range of transcription factors. Previous research has indicated that p68 RNA helicase may also be important in tumour development. Wild-type HeLa and stable HeLa (clone 13) cell cultures containing RNAi-mediated depletion of p68 RNA helicase induced by doxycycline (DOX) were used to study how the p68 RNA helicase affects the mTOR cell signalling pathway. Relevant results were repeated using transient transfection with pSuper/pSuper-p68 RNA helicase, containing RNAi-mediated depletion of p68 RNA helicase, to avoid DOX interference. Here we provide strong evidence for the participation of p68 RNA helicase in mTOR regulation. In detail, depletion of this helicase decreases cell growth and activates the mTOR/ MDM2 cell survival mechanism, which ultimately leads to inhibition of the pro-apoptotic activity. p68 RNA helicase downregulation strongly stimulates 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, thereby provoking activation of cap-dependent translation. In contrast, the IRES-dependent translation of c-myc is reduced when p68 RNA helicase is depleted, thus indicating that at least this specific translation requires p68 RNA helicase activity to manipulate the complex 5' end of this mRNA. Interestingly, p68 RNA helicase depletion decreases cell growth while activating the mTOR/MDM2 cell survival mechanism. As MDM2 is a known negative regulator of p53, we infer that the activation of the cell survival mechanism may result in inhibition of the pro-apoptotic factor p53. Received May 17, 2016. Accepted January 31, 2017 This work was supported by the Fundación Eugenio Rodriguez Pascual, the Plan Nacional (MEC) BFU2005-00701 and FIS PI080007. Corresponding author: Montse Bach-Elias, CSIC c/ Egipcíacas 15, 08001 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: email@example.com Abbreviations: AML – acute myeloid leukaemia, ANOVA – analy sis of variance, DOX – doxycycline, FSC – forward scatter, SSC – side scatter. Finally, p68 RNA helicase depletion activates capdependent translation and inhibits c-MYC IRES-mediated translation.


In order to evaluate the deterioration of hinge joint in fabricated hollow slab beam bridge,the relative displacement method was proposed to evaluate the deterioration of hinge joint by measuring the largest relative displacement of the hinge joint in a period of time under the action of normal traffic load.The apparatus for measuring the relative displacement was designed and the corresponding testing method was also given.The statistical analysis on the results from the measuring of 259 hinge joints in 9 bridges shows that(1) it is unreliable to judge the damage status of hinge joints only through visual inspection;(2) there exists a high correlation between relative displacement and damage status of hinge joints;(3) it is rational to distinguish different status of hinge joints through relative displacement;(4)the status of hinge joints can be classified into regimes of completeness,damage and fracture according to the value of dimensionless parameter a,whose boundaries are 0.14 and 0.25 respectively.The result from an in-situ load test on a bridge shows that the status of hinge joints obtained from relative displacement method is in agreement with the conclusion from load testing,the presented relative displacement method is not only convenient,but also reliable.


Ten shai iow funicular concr€te shcl ls (squarc ba<e, double curvature and dif fcrent r ises) were loaded to failure with a concentrated centril forc. Five shells rere randomlv reinforced with steel wires and tbe rema;nder with a wire mesh through rhe middle surface All of thc shells q'ere 90 x t0 €m in plan form. Strain gages showed a linear relationship betwecn load and strain in thc elas_ r;c raopc of thc concretc. rr'-hc-reas m.asured deflections varied nonlinearlv with load. In addition' r f,eflcctions wcrc larcer rhan those dctermined analvticallv bv small deflection theory Thcse e s t y y y rt larse -deflection theorv. rathcr than classical small deflection theorv, would be results iodicate tha g deflection y, ty more aDoroDriare lor r[.oretical invesrisations of shallow fuoicular shclls subjected to ]afgc con' . . . " . i r ,1. r r t . im'r . t^a, ] . " . " "or r lpar lv re lared to w* o{ re inforcement. but were a funct ion roDr iare I r h.oret ical jnvesr igat ions t l low l tcular l ls tected l r c ..nrtar.il lo"dt. Ultimate load: were n t cle rly l ted t type f inforcemeot, t tion of the r ise and th ickness of the shel l ; in general , the Larger thc r ie< pi rameter (squarc of the ta( io of r ise to th ickness), the larger the ul t imarc load Fai lurc p:rnerns for shel ls wi th both k inds of re ' inforccmenr we're the same.


A gated semiconductor device, such as a MOSFET or IGBT, having a field plate termination structure which is connected to the gate electrode by multiple n-p junctions defining a semiconductor breakdown diode is disclosed. The device comprises a source 4, source electrode 10, insulating layer 8, gate electrode 7b, n-p junction 15, extended gate electrode forming the field plate 11, metal connection 13, equipotential ring 14 and channel stop 5. An alternative structure is also disclosed.


The results showed that education has less influence on the performance of the employees of the Office Kementerian Agama Kota Makassar. Meanwhile, the variable work discipline, motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of the Office Kementerian Agama Kota Makassar. From the results of regression testing, it is known that the dominant variable that affects the Employee Performance of the Office Kementerian Agama Kota Makassar.


Abstract : The present report deals with the results of measurements and computations of ultraviolet sky, solar, and sun+sky (global) intensity for 15 wavelengths between lambda = 297.5 and 380 nm and for 12 values of total amount of atmospheric ozone covering the interval of 0.240 to 0.460 cm in increments of 0.020 cm. The variation of ultraviolet intensity in dependence on Northern Latitude and season and the influence of an assumed reduction of atmospheric ozone is examined. The variation of the short wavelength limit of the terrestrial solar spectrum is furthermore discussed. The results on ultraviolet intensity for selected values of ozone and solar altitude are presented in tables. Diagrams demonstrate the variation of global intensity in dependence on the principal parameters. The present data are based on the results of extensive measurements of ultraviolet sky intensity at Davos, Switzerland (1950 m a.s.l.), and completed by a theoretical computation of direct solar intensity for elevations of 0 to 5 km s.s.l.


Hydropower is a capital‐intensive energy source with low operations and maintenance (O&M) cost and essentially no fuel costs. Consequently, the levelized cost of energy methodology is a very sensitive component to investment costs and interest rates but less sensitive to economic lifetimes. Because current hydroelectric plants are classified as one of the least costly sources of power generation, there are, however, a wide assortment of site‐specific capital costs and capacity factors. Maintenance activities, predominantly fixed O&M costs, are unjustifiable fundamentals in the capital improvement scheme. The conduct of an explicit aging asset in the hydroelectric generation confines is determined by its previous performance and condition assessment. The asset repair, upgrade, and/or replacement strategies are derived from the documented condition valuations to facilitate specific requirements in the capital improvement program. Moreover, the routine evaluation of the equipment with essential inspections and testing delivers a comprehensive insight of its condition before expensive replacement initiatives are imposed. The application of these evaluation approaches and implements described in this paper are designed to aid the decision‐maker with invaluable information of the equipment condition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Data in the warehouse and data marts is stored and managed by one or more warehouse servers, which present multidimensional views of data to a variety of front end tools: query tools, report writers, analysis tools, and data mining tools. Finally, there is a repository for storing and managing metadata, and tools for monitoring and administering the warehousing system.  An operational database undergoes frequent changes on a daily basis on account of transactions that taken area. Think a business management wants to analyze previous feedback on any data such as a product, a supplier, or any consumer data, then executive will had no data available to analyze because  previous data has been updated due to transactions. A data warehouse helps business executives to organize, analyze, & use their data for decision making. A data warehouse serves as a sole part of a plan-execute-assess "closed-loop" feedback system for  enterprise management. Data warehouses are widely used in  following fields: Financial services. Banking services. Consumer goods. Retail sectors. Controlled manufacturing.


This retrospective study evaluates low birthweight rates (LBW: birthweights below 5 Ib 8 oz or 2,500 grams) for women incarcerated in a large county jail during their pregnancy. Jail records showed this population to be both medically and socially high risk. Their low birthweight rate was statistically higher (p < . 05) than that of the county or state but comparable to a matched group residing in high-risk areas of the city in which many of these women resided. The study also identifies numerous jail policies that could further negatively impact the health of these women and their pregnancy outcomes.


Chierchia 1998 proposes that languages vary in terms of what they allow their NPs to denote. This variation is encoded in a semantic parameter which determines whether NPs denote names of kinds (and are therefore argumental) [+arg, -pred], predicates (and therefore require a determiner to be in an argument position) [-arg, +pred] or either [+arg, +pred]. In this paper we argue using data from bare nouns in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BrP) that this kind of parameterisation is both conceptually and empirically problematic. Brazilian Portuguese, like English, but unlike most of the other Romance languages, allows bare plurals and mass nouns in argument position. However, unlike English, BrP also allows singular count nouns to appear bare in argument positions. This is illustrated in (1). We will call these simply bare singulars.


The subject of analysis is the assumption that the concept of soft power may be used as a theoretical basis for the interpretation of the EU influence on the less stable regions facing the spread of international conflicts. On the basis of current events and the high degree of instability in the region, it should be stated that such instruments are not efficient when it comes to Russia. In order to prove the above mentioned assumption, one needs to define the nature and specificity of the EU as soft power in the post-Westphalian international order. In the context of the use of such instruments, the analysis will also cover the manifestation of their implementation and efficiency in the EU policy towards Ukrainian crisis. Thus, it is essential to answer a few research questions. Firstly, what is the specificity of the EU in post-Westphalian international order? Secondly, what means does the EU have at its disposal and is it able to achieve its objectives and meet expectations which the international environment has towards it? Lastly, how can we assess the efficiency of the soft power instruments used by the Union in specific region of Eastern Europe, particularly during Ukrainian crisis?


For children and young people's safety it is crucial that appropriate medicines policies are in place. This article looks at the some of the main characteristics of school medicine policies, with a particular focus on the independent sector.


Multivariate analysis involves observation and analysis of more than one statistical variable at a time. The variability of 434 accessions of rice (Oryzasativa L.) germplasm from Cote d'Ivoire was evaluated for 14 agromorphological traits in upland conditions at M'be, Cote d'Ivoire (7°5´ N; 5°1´ W), using augmented experimental design, and analyzed with multivariate methods. The unweighted variable pair group method of the average linkage cluster analysis (UPGMA), canonical discriminant analysis (CAN) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the data obtained. This enabled assessment of the extent and pattern of variation of the germplasm, and identification of the major traits contributing to the diversity. Seven cluster groups were obtained from the 14 agro-botanical traits using UPGMA. CAN showed the contribution of each trait to the classification of the rice accessions into different cluster groups. The first three principal components explained about 58.41% of the total variation among the 14 characters. The results of CAN and PCA suggested that traits such as plant height, leaf length, number of days to heading and maturity, tillering ability, panicle length and grain size (weight, length and width) were the principal discriminatory characteristics. It is concluded that variation exists in the germplasm, which provides opportunities for this collection to be useful for genetic improvement.


Objective To examine potential effect of diets with different fat content on body weight,blood glucose and insulin levels,serum total cholesterol(Tch) and triglycerides(TG) concentrations,fatty liver and daily urinary albumin excretion in rats and mice.Methods Males Sprague Dawley(SD) rats and C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed on diets with 10% fat content(MD10% fat),45% fat content(MD45% fat),and 60% fat content(MD60% fat) for 12 weeks,respectively.Body and organ weight,blood glucose and insulin levels,and serum Tch and TG concentrations,liver Tch and TG contents and daily urinary albumin excretion were measured.Results Compared with the controls(MD10% fat),the animals fed with high-fat diets(MD45%f at and MD60% fat) showed a significant increase in body weight,blood glucose and insulin levels,glucose intolerance,serum Tch and TG concentrations,hepatic Tch and TG contents and albuminuria levels.Furthermore,body weight gain and insulin resistance were more profound in animals fed with the MD45% fat diet.Conclusions Both high-fat diets(MD45% fat and MD60% fat) can produce most phenotypes of metabolic syndromein SD rats and C57BL/6 mice,with the former being more effective.


Estuarine fronts represent regions of extremely high gradient or discontinuity in various parameters of physical interest, the most important being the water velocity and density fields. Such fronts strongly influence pollutant dispersion by capturing oil slicks and other pollutants concentrated in surface films and drawing them down into the water column. Aircraft and boats were combined to study the behavior of different types of fronts in Delaware Bay and their effect on pollutants in order to provide a basis for improving an oil drift and spreading model. Imagery from the Landsat satellities provided the most effective means of determining the location and extent of frontal systems over all portions of the tidal cycle. This information is being used to modify the oil drift and spreading model.


This paper was accepted for publication in the journal New Formations and the definitive published version is available at https://www.lwbooks.co.uk/new-formations/91/reviews.


Here we report on the covalent attachment of photoresponsive azobenzene moieties to cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV). The modified virus capsids can be reversibly immobilized on cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) bearing surfaces via supramolecular complexation.


T Monitoring depth of anesthesia is a newer advance in the monitoring of anesthesia. Accurate assessment of the depth of anesthesia contributes to tailoring drug administration to the individual patient. Depth of anaesthesia monitors might help to individualize anaesthesia by permitting accurate drug administration against the measured state of arousal of the patient. In addition, the avoidance of awareness or excessive anaesthetic depth might result in improved patient outcomes. Various depth of anaesthesia monitors based on processed analysis of the EEG or mid-latency auditoryevoked potentials are commercially available as surrogate measures of anaesthetic drug effect. However, not all of them are validated to the same extent.


9043 Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly carinii, pneumonia (PCP) poses a serious risk to pediatric oncology patients. The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) prophylaxis greatly reduces the risk of infection, however many children cannot take TMP-SMZ because of bone marrow suppression, drug allergy or patient noncompliance in taking oral medication. Inhaled pentamidine has been used successfully as second line prophylaxis, with a breakthrough PCP rate of 2.7%. However, many centers are unable to administer this specialized respiratory treatment to pediatric patients and in very young children, there are concerns about the effectiveness of the drug delivered in this manner. We performed a retrospective analysis of the use of intravenous pentamidine to assess its efficacy as second line prophylaxis.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective review of all pediatric oncology patients at our institution who received at least one dose of pentamidine in the year 2005. The total number of doses dispensed allowed us to calculate the patient-months of pentamidine used. The charts of these patients were reviewed for the justification for the change from TMP-SMZ to pentamidine. Children who developed symptoms of pneumonia underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy, allowing us to calculate the breakthrough rate.

RESULTS
A total of 100 patients received 506 doses of pentamidine (4 mg/kg) administered monthly over a twelve month period. The main reasons for discontinuing TMP-SMZ were bone marrow suppression and drug allergy. Two children developed PCP, resulting in a breakthrough rate of 2% (or 0.4% per patient-months of treatment).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of IV pentamidine once a month as second line prophylaxis against PCP results in a breakthrough rate of 2%. These results are similar to the breakthrough rate observed with inhaled pentamidine. When possible, we encourage the use of TMP-SMZ prophylaxis, however, when needed, the use of IV pentamidine is effective as second line prophylaxis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


New spectrophotometric procedures for determining microgram amount of catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol with MBTH have been described. The sensitivities and selectivites of the reaction are largely dependent on the pH and on the conditions of oxidation: 1) In an ammoniacal medium MBTH gives a stable pink color with catechol and, with hydroquinone, a blue color which is srabilized by acetone. Resorcinol gives only a faint color under these conditions. 2) When ferricyanide is used as a oxidant in a weakly alkaline solution, MBTH gives a sensitive orange color with resorcinol. 3) In an acidic ferric-ferrous redox catechol. At pH 3 the reaction is selective for catechol. 4) Ferric chloride in 1.2N hydrochloric acid is favorable for the determination of hydroquinone and resorcinol in a mixture of the two.


A method for rapidly bonding an integrated circuit chip (1) to a mating surface of a high surface energy substrate (5) using an adhesive pad (3) made from a substantially amorphous, solvent-free thermoplastic polymer.


This article questions the angel Christology that Paul Holloway, in the light of Jewish apocalypticism, has detected in a hymnic passage of Paul's Philippians (2:6–11). At the end of the last century, James Dunn had read there an Adam Christology, accepted now in part and by some scholars. The new thesis of an angelic Christ proposes that he changed himself into human form, and was highly elevated after his crucifixion to bear the divine Name and share the divine throne. But we do not find in the passage itself the language of angels and thrones that this thesis seems to require. Nor has Paul developed elsewhere an Angel Christology that would support Holloway's proposal. Philippians 2:10–11 uses classic language about the adoration of the one, true God, and not of some principal angel. Holloway distances himself from using any theology or philosophy, which might have lent more stringency and precision to his argument.


According to the fuzzy characteristics of climatic condition, fuzzy cluster analysis was applied to determine the rational climate growth districts. Climate distribution of growing root tuber of Curcuma longa L. were divided into two areas: suitable and unsuitable climate area according to the climate conditions in Sichuan and Chongqing. Suitable growth area was divided into the suitable and less suitable area according to the need of precipitation concerning the early growth period of Curcuma longa L.


Introduction: Hume and his Intellectual Legacy - Craig Taylor and Stephen Buckle 1 Hume and the Enlightenment - Stephen Buckle 2 Will the Real Enlightenment Historian Please Stand Up? Catharine Macaulay versus David Hume - Karen Green 3 Philosophy, Historiography and the Enlightenment: A Response to Green - Stephen Buckle 4 Hume's Enlightenment Aesthetics and Philosophy of Mathematics - Dale Jacquette 5 Part 9 of Hume's Dialogues and 'The Accurate Philosophical Turn of Cleanthes' - Stanley Tweyman 6 'Strange Lengths': Hume and Satire in the Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion - Robert Phiddian 7 A Modern Malignant Demon? Hume's Scepticism with regard to Reason (Partly) Vindicated - George Couvalis 8 Hume on Sympathy and Cruelty - Craig Taylor 9 Hume's Natural History of Justice - Mark Collier 10 Hume and Rawls on the Stability of a Society's System of Justice - Ian Hunt 11 Can Hume's Impressions of Reflection Represent? - Anna Stoklosa 12 Mechanism and Thought Formation: Hume's Emancipatory Scepticism - Anik Waldow


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a framework for multilingual language-in-education policy implementation, offered as a critically constructive response to India's recent National Education Policy 2020 (GOI, 2020). Rooted in India's existing educational language policy, our linguistically inclusive 'Languages for Learning' (LFL) framework is, we believe, structurally flexible, socioculturally feasible, economically viable and academically relevant. It aims to foster equity and also to ensure first language support and cognitive independence. Before presenting the framework, we critically review the multilingual policy guidance offered in NEP 2020, then lay out a theoretical foundation for the LFL framework based primarily on current translanguaging theory, and also discuss the history of India's much maligned three-language formula (TLF), which forms the core of language policy in India. The framework itself is presented with reference to specific contextual challenges in India that may also serve to indicate its relevance for other multilingual contexts around the world. As such, the LFL framework is offered as a more multilingually-appropriate alternative to the reductive construct of 'Medium of Instruction', which itself originates in the monolingual habitus of historically outdated language-in-education policy theory. We invite critical evaluations of the utility of our framework, both for India and other multilingual contexts.


This paper begins by providing an outline of various waste stabilisation techniques on which the concept of bioreactor or process-based landfills is based, followed by an overview of the research and development of this alternative landfill approach. The paper then presents a summary of the Australian experience. It also reports on the current state of bioreactor landfills and discusses the difficulties and problems associated with their full-scale operations. Areas where future research should be focused are also identified. 1. INTRODUCTION Currently our municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill technology is primarily based on a permanent storage and containment or " dry cell " concept. Most of the research activities have been concentrating on the design of liner, cover, and hydraulic systems with the aim of sealing off a landfill from the external environment. The idea is to minimise the amount of water entering the waste sealed within a well-encapsulated landfill cell, and the waste can then be preserved in a relatively inactive state— discouraging the formation of leachate and landfill gas to reduce environmental impacts. While this dry cell approach may delay decomposition due to a lack of moisture, its long-term effectiveness is very much in doubt, as it has to rely on permanent encapsulating performance of a containment system, which is rather unrealistic. As a containment system ages and becomes less effective, there is a long-term risk that the suppressed biodegradation may turn active in the future. With a better understanding of landfill decomposition processes and behaviour, there has been a strong trend in recent years to shift the philosophy of landfill design from the above permanent storage concept towards a bioreactor (or process-based) approach (Krol et al., 1994; Pacey et al., 1999). The bioreactor concept, in contrast to the permanent storage approach, allows active landfill management based on an understanding of the biological, chemical and physical processes involved. It focuses on enhancing the degradation processes to stabilise waste and aims to bring forward the inert state of a landfill in a relatively short time. It utilises a landfill as a bioreactor to treat waste rather than merely as a burial ground. It offers the potential to avoid the long-term environmental risks associated with the dry cell approach. Although laboratory tests and pilot-scale studies have demonstrated its advantages over the conventional dry landfills, there are still some technical and non-technical barriers yet to be overcome before we can truly translate …


A variety of electron-deficient olefins is smoothly epoxidized with equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate.


Abstract The development of school libraries established at schools providing elementary education in the 19th century is closely related to the development of this type of schools after 1774, when the General School Rules were published. For the first time, they referred to education as a political issue and declared the interest of the state in the education of all the population. In the 1820s, a decree of the court study committee ordered district school supervisors to inspect books in school libraries and gave them the right to decide whether a particular book fits into the school library. In 1869, a new school act cancelled the supervision of the Church over schools and transferred it to the state. First, the state supported school libraries by listing them among the teaching aids that should be available for every school. In addition, a decree of the Ministry of Cult and Education encouraged the establishment of school libraries where they were still missing. Subsequently (1875), however, the ministry ordered teachers to check new books acquired by school libraries, to inspect also all the other books already deposited in the libraries and to discard all of those that were unsuitable. Ten years later (1885), new inspection of all school libraries was ordered.


AbstractThe usage of soil-cement reinforced layers to bear shallow foundations is a viable option in low-bearing-capacity soils. Existing methodologies that can determine the bearing capacity in su...


The terpolymer of VAc / AA / BA is prepared by soap-free emulsion.This paper discusses the influence of structural unit of butyl acrylate,initiator volume and the reaction temperature on the stability,viscosity,the conversion rate and adhesive strength of emulsion.The findings suggest that when the volumes of BA and APS are 8.0% and 0.5% of the total mass of mixed monomer and the reaction temperature is 75℃,the copolymer emulsion has the best performance.


Droop control method has been widely applied to achieve equal power sharing among distributed generations in microgrids. In practice, low-pass filters are usually required to mitigate the harmonics and noises in the calculated instantaneous power and obtain the average power used for the generation of frequency and voltage references. Unfortunately, the design of low-pass filters has not been studied systematically in the existing research. This paper, by proposing a small-signal model of the droop controlled system, analyzes the effects of the low-pass filters on system stability and provides a design method for an optimal cutoff frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed design method is verified by simulations.


Considering the slow convergence and easily falling into local minima of BP(Back Propagation) model for the ice storage air-conditioning system,the GA-BP algorithm which having GA(Genetic Algorithm)integrated with neural network(BP)was proposed for the system load forecasting.


Soil degradation is increasing around the globe, bringing challenges that demand an investigation of influencing factors. This study investigates the new degradation phenomenon of soil crusting and sealing on volcanic Inceptisols in Andean hillsides. Crusting and sealing are commonly accepted soil deterioration factors that create unstable surface conditions and soil erosion. On an Inceptisol in Santander de Quilichao in Colombia, field trials were conducted on existing erosion run-off plots using Cassava as the main crop. During the investigation, field samplings and analyses were taken of: penetration, shear strength, infiltration and cassava yield. Results from penetration and shear strength measurements clearly showed chicken manure's significant influence on soil structure. Chicken manure generally led to structural constraints. In addition, chicken manure plots displayed a reduction of infiltration. This strengthens the hypothesis that inappropriate fertilizer management is one of the key factors of structural deterioration on Inceptisols in the Andean environment. Further research is necessary to find out sustainable soil treatments in Andean hillside farming.


Tuberculosis is increasing, partly because of concomitant HIV-infection, but with poverty and lack of social welfare and public health services contributing substantially. Current treatment for tuberculosis has proved efficacious also in HIV-infected patients, and so far seems to have prevented increased transmission of the disease in Tanzania. Strictly controlled chemotherapy provides the only hope of preventing the emergence of multi-resistant tubercle bacilli. The World Bank has evaluated tuberculosis control as the most cost-effective form of health intervention among adults. Norway has made a substantial contribution to the development of a model for tuberculosis control in developing countries and to international mycobacterial research; and therefore has a special responsibility to meet the new challenge.


Now a days, Internet plays a major role in our day to day activities e.g., for online transactions, online shopping, and other network related applications. Internet suffers from slow convergence of routing protocols after a network failure which becomes a growing problem. Multiple Routing Configurations [MRC] recovers network from single node/link failures, but does not support network from multiple node/link failures. In this paper, we propose Enhanced MRC [EMRC], to support multiple node/link failures during data transmission in IP networks without frequent global re-convergence. By recovering these failures, data transmission in network will become fast.


ABSTRACT Mutation analysis of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced B-cell immortalization revealed two transformation effector sites, TES1 and TES2. TES2 mediates the interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD) and plays a key role in transactivating NF-κB and AP-1. Recombinant EBV containing LMP1 with TES2 deleted induces a limited proliferation of B cells. The present study shows that a mutant with an LMP1 site-specific mutation at TES2, LMP1TRADD, initially stimulates cell growth and significantly extends the life span of MEF. However, it is not sufficient for the immortalization of MEF, and MEF-LMP1TRADD cells eventually enter growth arrest. Further analysis reveals that although LMP1TRADDpromotes cell growth, it does not prevent the eventual onset of senescence and the expression of tumor suppressor p16Ink4a.


A b e b , P. & C. Fedlet (1941): Les idkes dtlirantes de jalousie dans la dkmence prkcoce. Ann. mkd. -psychol. 2:75. Quoted by Germano 1960. Acbte', K. A. (1967): On prognosis and rehabilitation in schizophrenic and paranoid psychoses. Acta psychiat. scand. Vol. 43. Suppl. 196. Acbfe', K. A., E. Hillbom & V. Aalberg (1967): Post-traumatic psychoses following war brain injuries. Reports from the Rehabilitation Institute for Brain-Injured Veterans in Finland. Vol. I. Ackerman, N. W. (1954): The diagnosis of neurotic marital interaction. SOC. Caseaork 35:


Line loss calculation of distribution network is critical to energy saving and comprehensive line loss analysis is an in-depth research for theoretical line loss calculation, which helps to achieve meticulous management of loss management and grid operation. This article describes various methods of line loss calculation and common algorithms. A comprehensive distribution network line loss analysis system is proposed and its feasibility is verified by practical examples.


Th e provision of human services, including paid care, relies substantially on government funding. Increasingly over the last 25 years, in Australia and elsewhere, that funding has been distributed using 'competitive' market mechanisms. Th e result has been a widespread development of managed markets, also known as 'quasi-markets', in human services. Th ere are many variants of managed markets, but they are all distinguished from conventional markets1 primarily by the fact that government is the source of much, if not all, of the purchasing power of the users of services. Th is enables government to dictate how these markets operate in ways that go well beyond the powers of government in most conventional markets. In turn, government action in shaping the particular form of each managed market will substantially infl uence the types of service provider organisations that operate in that market, including the extent to which for-profi t organisations (FPOs) are present. Th is chapter reviews some key characteristics of human services, managed markets, and FPOs, as a basis for examining the type of service providers that should and do operate in these markets, particularly in terms of the growing role of FPOs. Th is analysis can assist in establishing whether there may be justifi cation for limiting or encouraging the participation of some types of providers in these


Once fuel element was failed,the fission products would be released into the primary coolant,leading to the increasing of radioactivity level of the primary coolant.According to the monitoring data of fuel element failure,using a certain calculation method,the number of failed fuel elements was calculated,which can be provided the important basis for dealing with the accident of fuel element failure and ensuring the security of the reactor and staff.In this paper,the behaviors of the delayed neutron precursors,including its birth,releasing and migration,and the response of detector were studied,and the mathematical models for every process were built.Combined with these models,the method to calculate the number of failed fuel elements was formed,which can be applied to the calculation of the number of failed fuel elements for many type of reactors.


state electoral law, has failed to adequately regulate the increasingly sophisticated forms of confrontation and coercion practiced on college campuses. In its causal analysis, the Carnegie Commission assigns prime significance to the political milieu, both the burgeoning political community inside the university and the broader body politic outside. But it goes deeper and identifies the underlying socioeconomic as well as political causes for campus disorder. In thus explaining the "dissatisfaction and disaffection" which prevail on campus, the Commission quotes freely from the Scranton report. Accordingly, it lists today's unsolved "problems of American society" as follows: "achievement of equality of opportunity for all American citizens, ending the war in Vietnam, elimination of poverty, preservation and restoration of our physical environment, assessment and control of the impacts of technology, and responsiveness of our institutions to the needs of the people" (p. 16). If this imposing enumeration is to be accepted as the Megillah for all our academic troubles, it is hard to see how even the Carnegie Commission's resolute report and sage recommendations can effectually control or constrain campus disorder. The most that can be expected in such an imperfect world, in which the universities are in a state of permanent turbulence over pending societal reforms, is that the Carnegie type of proposals will at best serve to contain and codify campus dissent and disruption. In the more delicate realm of political principle, the Carnegie Commission's deliberative search for behavioral and procedural proprieties on campus is more viable. The Commission recognizes both the "right and obligation" of the university "to provide for members of the campus the use of meeting rooms under the rules of the campus, including use for political purposes such as meetings of political clubs." But at the same time it grants to the university the right and obligation "to prohibit use of its name, its finances, and its office equipment and supplies for any political purpose at any time." And this strict prohibition, despite the granted right to the use of meeting rooms, is also applied against "use of its rooms by individual members or groups of members on a regular or prolonged basis as free headquarters for political campaigns." These discriminating demarcations between proper and proscribed forms of political activity on campus are derived from experience, particularly from the Free Speech Movement at politically-conscious Berkeley when the instigating issue was the right to engage in legitimate political activity. It is not surprising, therefore, that these provisions of the Carnegie code reveal the fine hand of Commission Chairman Clark Kerr, formerly Chancellor at Berkeley and later President of the statewide University of California system. In fact, several other crucial passages of the Carnegie code and the Commission's recommendations are warmedover and up-dated restatements of proposed guidelines for campus conduct which Kerr had then favored but had failed to sell to his capitulatory faculty. Ever since then at Berkeley, as elsewhere, faculties have been trying to build backfires against excessive campus activism. With the present reduction in voting age, newly enfranchised student voters may learn how to circumvent even more subtly the codified regulations which may be imposed upon their overzealous political activities. On the other hand, their newly won political muscle may in the future come to be expressed in a reverse flow of political power from the campus to the community, possibly inducing students to renounce use of the university campus in favor of the party headquarters as a renascent staging-ground from which to mount their off-campus political campaigns. Thus far in the revolution, it seems, the level of on-campus political debate has been less instructive than inspiring, and often it has not even been a cut above the lower forms of pcflitical disputation on the off-campus hustings. No code of academic procedures and no regulations of campus conduct, even ones as wise and workmanlike as those produced by the Carnegie Commission, can repeal such a Gresham's Law of politics, once the worse begins to displace the bad. All this, therefore, offers a new challenge for teachers of political science, and for university faculties generally, to resume the arduous task of transmitting acceptable standards of discourse and imparting appropriate styles of thought to those of their students who are once again willing to listen and to learn.


Objective: Determining the effect of Bushen Huoxue Decoction in the treatment of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type irregular menstruation related outcome measures with insulin resistance,and the clinical effect of Bushen Huoxue Decoction was evaluated. Methods: 76 cases of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type menstruation irregular with insulin resistance were randomly divided into two groups,the controlled group and the treatment group,each group had 38 cases,the controlled group was treated with oral administration of metformin 0. 25 g,twice a day. The course of treatment was 6months. The treatment group used in hospital with Bushen Huoxue Decoction,daily 1agent,water frying points 2 ~ 3times to take. The course of treatment for 6months,the measurement of the two groups of patients before and after treatment,fasting plasma glucose( FPG),postprandial 2h fasting plasma glucose( FPG),fasting insulin( fins),postprandial 2h INS,insulin resistance index( HOMAIR),follicle stimulating hormone( FSH),and luteinizing hormone( LH),testosterone( T) and LH / FSH were compared between the two groups. Results: After the treatment of the two groups of patients with FPG,2h FPG,fins,2h INS,HOMA-IR,FSH and LH levels were significantly lower( P 0. 05),the treatment group T and LH / FSH levels after treatment was significantly lower than the treatment( P0. 05),while the controlled group of T and LH / FSH levels had no significant change compared with those before treatment( P0. 05),and after treatment the treatment group above all indexes were significantly lower than the controlled group( P0. 05),the total efficiency of the controlled group was 78. 9%,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 92. 1%,difference of the two groups had statistical significance( P0. 05). Conclusion: Bushen Huoxue Decoction can tonify kidney and strengthen spleen to promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis to improve irregular menstruation,and can improve sex hormone level and insulin resistance.


What should one think of things? This question is a pressing one, now that Technology Studies has discovered artifacts as the objects of inquiry par excellence. Societies are not only held together by social relations and institutions, as sociologists and anthropologists claim, but by things as well. Technology should be analysed not only in terms of the social processes in which it is constructed, but also in terms of the role it plays in social processes itself. Within Technology Studies, the predominant vocabulary for understanding the role of artifacts in society is offered by actor-network theory. Bruno Latour, one of its major representatives, maintains that the social sciences' exclusive focus on humans should be abandoned. The so-called "principle of symmetry" is the most notable feature of Latour's approach, entailing that humans and nonhuman entities should be studied symmetrically.No a priori distinctions should be made between them if we are to understand what is actually happening in society. Not only humans, but also "nonhumans", or conjunctions of humans and nonhumans, should be understood as actors. An important concept of actor-network theory for analysing these "thingly actions" is "script"(Akrich ). This concept indicates that things-in-use can "prescribe"specific forms of action, much like the script of a theatre play, which orchestrates what happens on stage. A plastic coffee cup, for instance, has the script "throw me away after use"; the cameras along many roads in the Netherlands have the script "don't drive faster than  km/h".Artifacts are not passive and inert entities. They actively co-shape what actors do. The actor-network vocabulary for understanding this active role of artifacts in society has proven to be very fertile. Yet, it could benefit from several additions. This becomes clear when it is translated into the context of industrial design. Within that discipline, a discussion is currently waging on ecodesign, which aims at finding criteria for designing sustainable products. In


The mass spectrometric behaviour of four 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-acetic acids has been studied in detail with the aid of exact mass measurements, linked scans, collisionally activated decomposition, mass analysed ion kinetic energy spectra and labelling experiments. Unusual fragmentation pathways are emphasized for which mechanisms are proposed.


Based on the analysis of the test scores of Comprehensive English paper for English majors picked up from our paper bank,we discussed the suitable way and contents of comprehensive English test.Some feasible suggestions have been offered on how to improve the test paper and the students' English application ability in our teaching.


In a centralized cooling plant, precise mechanical design and control strategy are required for peak and partial cooling load management. Otherwise, it will lead to low efficiency of cooling system and energy loss due to low partial load efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to enhance energy performance of the centralized cooling plant by controlling flow system in an industrial building using measured data and energy performance simulation program. The simulation results show that the proposed flow control can cut down annual electric power consumption by about 17% compared with the conventional cooling system.


Asthma in children is certainly broadly recognized as being immunologic in origin. However, despite the immunological origin of asthma, the treatment of the total child must include the feelings of the child. The feelings of the child are inextricably bound with the attitude of the parents toward the child's disease and the child himself. Our research in the past ten years has disclosed that our original classification of asthmatic children into two groups-those responding and those not responding to specific hyposensitization therapy-is still valid. Our concern is with the children of the latter group, who are popularly referred to as having refractory or intractable asthma. The solution of problems connected with the treatment of the intractably asthmatic child has occupied me personally in one way or another for many years. A program of rehabilitation begun in 1930, and expanded in 1940, was found to be insufficient to meet the needs of the large population of asthmatic children. Continuous study of the intractably asthmatic child helped to assemble incontrovertible clinical facts, and thus some knowledge was accumulated; but knowledge alone, or even in association with clinical experience based upon the use of corticosteroids, has not given us the basic reasons for intractability of the affliction. However, the cloak of fiction that asthma was purely or initially psychogenic was removed. It was recognized that intractability was essentially a secondary or superimposed psychogenic application of a primary immunologic process. A child crippled with intractable asthma is defined as one who, living for at least one year in his own home environment, fails to respond to adequate and expertly administered conventional medical therapy which relieves 90 per cent of all children suffering from allergic bronchial asthma. Thus, about 10 per cent of all asthmatic children suffer from intractable asthma. Careful observations over a period of more than thirty years showed clearly that when a child with intractable asthma is removed from his own home environment, even during the pollen season, and placed in a residential convalescent asthma home, his asthma either disappears miraculously or is ameliorated for the duration of his separation from his own home. After varying periods of time of such separation, the child may often be returned to his own home without the recurrence of intractable asthma. Rehabilitation programs for such a child are real and rapid methods of therapy. This procedure has proven its value.


An m-sequence radar with a high chip rate of 20 Gcps is presented that makes use of the large bandwidth available in the V-band (40–75 GHz) or at 240 GHz to reduce the detection resolution to 7.5 mm. Measurement results of a mixed-signal radar receiver baseband (BB) integrated circuit designed using 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology are presented along with a novel radar ranging concept for the mixed-signal radar BB.


Aiming at the digital modulation signals such as MASK, MPSK, and MQAM in a Gaussian white noise environment, this paper theoretically analyzes the reason and rule of the appearance of the spectrum of wavelet transform and the symbol rate spectrum line of cyclic spectrum. The simulation results show that the method based on wavelet transform is better than that based on cyclic spectrum, and the SNR threshold of the first method is reduced by 8dB compared with the latter.


This article aims to draw an ontological distinction between technique and techno-logy. While in the common parlance both terms tend to be used as synonymous, a philosophical reflection necessarily implies a previous moment of conceptual clarification. In this regard, I start from wellknown positions within the philosophical debate trying to overcome the problem of lexicographic approximation to technique and technology. Throughout the text, and from an approach of Gille s idea of technical system, I draw a map in which the technical and techno-logical are the beam and the underside of a philosophical commitment where fulcrum will not be objects but man.


The internal jaw stiffness of the silicon arm and its uniformity directly determine the geometric position of the clamped part, which in turn affects the geometric accuracy of the fusion target ball. The slight variation of the silicon arm jaw stiffness caused by machining errors is a crucial factor affecting the geometric accuracy of the micro-target. To accurately detect the variation of internal jaw stiffness caused by machining errors, this paper proposes a multi-point stiffness detection method combining micro-feed force application and high-precision image inspection. An experimental measurement device is also built to measure the jaw stiffness of the silicon arm sample. The proposed method, which can obtain the micro-deformation data of the internal jaws under small loads and accurately fit the stiffness, provides a new way to measure tiny, thin-walled, brittle cantilever beam structures.


In order to extract building information in urban area exactly, a modified multi-resolution transform image fusion algorithm combined with SVM classification method is proposed in this paper. The wavelet multi-resolution transform algorithm is modified by IHS transform, and the fusion result is applied to classification stage. The Support Vector Machine(SVM) machine learning algorithm is selected to extract exactly building area in urban area. The results demonstrate it is an effective and a high accuracy for building area information that when combing SVM classifier and the modified wavelet transform algorithm.


This study compares the work attitude and behaviour of Indian and European employees. This study selects certain values and characteristics which are relevant to Indian information technology industry. The field survey method is used to collect data. Data are collected from total of 152 employees including equal number of Indians and Europeans. Mann-Whitney test statistics is applied to test hypothesis. A significant difference is noted between two groups of employees on the criteria such as sensitivity to hierarchy, 'no saying' attitude, giving strong feedback about colleagues, willingness to work with teams, work pressure and punctuality. There is no significant difference on gender bias. The study collects data based on the industry specific characteristics.


The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that, in its severe form, incurs high health care costs through physician visits, investigations, treatments, and time off work. A recent report showed that patients attending a tertiary referral clinic have impaired health-related quality of life, similar to patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and diabetes (1). The authors suggest that health-related quality of life should be an outcome measure in future trials of therapy for IBS. Other outcome measures for treatment trials of IBS include bowel symptoms (2), abdominal pain (3), and psychological status (2). It is health-related quality of life, however, that most closely accords with patients' own views of the severity of IBS. These views are determined by the limitations that IBS imposes on daily life (including number of days with pain, impaired productivity, and number of days spent in bed), rather than the severity of bowel symptoms (4). We do not fully understand the relationships among these aspects of medically unexplained symptoms. The biopsychosocial model proposes that the interaction of psychological factors with physiologic processes leads to the clinical presentation of IBS (5, 6). In this model, the final outcomes for the patient are health-related quality of life; for health planners, the outcomes are health care utilization and costs (5-7). It is unclear from existing literature whether health-related quality of life (measured by using a generic instrument) and health care costs are directly related to the severity of IBS symptoms (pain and bowel function) or are principally determined by other factors, such as psychological status or previous sexual abuse (8). One study of patients attending a tertiary clinic suggested that health-related quality of life was more closely associated with psychological status than bowel severity symptom (4). In contrast, two other studies suggested that both bowel symptom severity and psychological status contribute to certain aspects of health-related quality of life, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Survey 36-item short-form questionnaire (SF-36) (9, 10). In another tertiary clinic sample, severe sexual abuse was the clearest predictor of both impaired health-related quality of life and increased health care utilization (8, 11). No previous study has adequately measured bowel symptom severity, psychological symptoms, and history of sexual abuse to determine which of these are most closely associated with health-related quality of life, health care costs, and productivity costs. Psychological treatment is now recommended for patients with severe IBS that has not responded to conventional therapy (12). It is these patients who are most disabled by their illness and incur the greatest costs in terms of health care utilization and time off work (13). Thus, it is appropriate to include health-related quality of life and a measure of costs as outcome measures in such trials, rather than using only bowel symptom severity (12). If impairment of health-related quality of life and increased health care and other costs are largely attributable to the psychological disturbance that often accompanies IBS, psychological treatment may improve these outcomes even if bowel symptoms change little. Our study sought to determine whether bowel symptom severity or psychological symptoms are more closely associated with impaired health-related quality of life and high health care costs in patients with severe and chronic IBS [Figure 1]. The 257 participants attended a gastroenterology clinic, had severe IBS that had not responded to conventional therapy, and agreed to enter a trial of psychological treatment. We analyzed baseline data to test two hypotheses: 1) that both bowel symptom severity and psychological distress are independent predictors of health-related quality of life [including inability to work] and 2) that both bowel symptom severity and psychological distress are predictors of health care costs incurred over the previous 12 months. Figure 1. Postulated relationships between predictors and outcomes. Methods Patients Patients were recruited from seven secondary and tertiary gastroenterology clinics in the northern part of England. All potentially eligible patients were interviewed by the research clinician, and those who fulfilled the entry criteria were invited to participate. The entry criteria were 1) satisfaction of Rome criteria for IBS [14]; 2) symptom duration longer than 6 months; 3) failure to respond to usual medical treatment, including education, dietary advice, antispasmodic agents and laxatives, or antidiarrheal medication administered for a minimum of 3 months; 4) moderate to severe abdominal pain, defined as a score greater than 59 on a visual analogue scale [15]; 5) no contraindication to psychotherapy or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [a contraindication might include the presence of psychotic disorders, severe personality disorder, active suicidal ideation, alcohol consumption >50 units per week, or current use of medication that could interact with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]; 6) the ability to complete the study questionnaires; and 7) age 18 to 65 years. The ethics committee for each participating hospital approved the study protocol. All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study, after it had been fully explained to them in detail by a clinical researcher. All assessments reported here were made before study entry. Predictors The assessment interview recorded demographic data and a detailed symptom and treatment history. This interview elicited any history of sexual abuse by using a questionnaire previously validated for IBS (8). Bowel Symptoms Patients completed a previously validated bowel symptom questionnaire, which includes a visual analogue scale of severity of current pain (15). They also completed a daily diary of the severity of 10 symptoms (nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating, hard stool, loose stool, urgency, straining, incomplete evacuation, and mucus) using a 7-point Likert scale. This diary was kept for 2 weeks before trial entry; the mean score over 14 days was used in the analysis. Psychological Symptoms Psychological symptoms were assessed by using the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) (16); the results are presented in the form of the global severity index and somatization subscale score. Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Hamilton rating scale of depression (17). Outcome Measures Health-Related Quality of Life The SF-36 was used to measure health-related quality of life. This instrument covers aspects of physical, psychological, and social functioning (18). It has been shown to discriminate among different degrees of severity of IBS and is suitable for clinical trials (10, 19). Data are first presented as scores on eight conventional scales and then as the physical component summary (PCS) score; the mean (SD) for the general population is 50 10 (20). Low scores indicate poor health status. A low PCS score indicates the way in which the disorder limits self-care and daily activities, severe pain, and poor general health. For example, the score improves with recovery from congestive heart failure but not with recovery from depressive illness (20, 21). Costs Direct health care costs for 1 year before trial entry were derived by using activity data and by applying an appropriate unit cost to each recorded contact or episode of care. Costs were initially calculated in U.K. pounds and then recalculated in U.S. dollars. All patients were under a single-payer scheme, the United Kingdom National Health Service. Hospital costs included inpatient days, outpatient and day-patient attendance, and visits to accident and emergency departments. Nonhospital costs included all primary care contacts (general practitioner surgery and home visits, nurse practitioner, and practice-based counselors), domiciliary care services (National Health Service and local authority), and day rehabilitation centers. Use of alternative therapies (such as reflexology) and prescription medications was recorded, and their cost was included as part of direct health care costs (22). Unit costs were obtained wherever possible from local service providers or national data sets (23, 24). Direct nonhealth care costs incurred for 1 year before the assessment, including travel costs and additional patient expenditure, were recorded at the assessment. These included nonprescription medication, additional household expenditure, child care expenditure, and expenditures for housework or personal care. Loss of productivity costs incurred because of time off from work in the previous year were measured by applying the patient's wage rate to the number of days lost because the patient was ill or had attended medical visits. If patients were unemployed as a result of illness and were receiving sickness benefits, this was also recorded but not included in the main cost analysis. Statistical Analysis Continuous data are presented as the mean (SD) and were compared by using analysis of variance. For categorical variables, chi-square tests were used. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify the independent variables associated with the SF-36 PCS score, days of restricted activity, and costs. The variables entered into these regression analyses were demographic characteristics (age, sex, years of education, and history of abuse), measures of IBS severity (visual analogue scale of abdominal pain today, mean diary score, number of days of pain during last month, and number of years of bowel problems), psychological assessments (Hamilton depression score, SCL-90R global severity index, and somatization scores). Patients unemployed as a result of ill health were compared with the remaining patients, and a forward stepwise logistic regression was performed to


Traditionally, the design process of a hull involves simulation using clay models. This must be done cautiously, accurately and efficiently in order to sustain the performance of ship. Presently, the current technology of Computer Aided Design, Manufacturing, Engineering and Computational Fluid Dynamic has enabled a 3D design and simulation of a hull be done at a lower cost and within a shorter period of time. Besides that, automated design tools allow the transformation of offset data in designing the hull be done automatically. One of the most common methods in constructing a hull from the offset data is the skinning method. Generally, the skinning method comprised of skinning interpolation and skinning approximation. Skinning interpolation constructs the surface perfectly but improper selection of parameterization methods may cause bumps, wiggles, or uneven surfaces on the generated surface. On the other hand, using the skinning surface approximation would mean that the surface can only be constructed closer to data points. Thus, the error between the generated surface and the data points must be minimized to increase the accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to solve the error minimization problem in order to produce a smoother and fairer surface by proposing Non Uniform Rational B-Spline surface using various evolutionary optimization algorithms, namely, Gravitational Search Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm. The proposed methods involve four procedures: extraction of offset data from line drawing plan; generation of control points; optimization of a surface; and validations of hull surfaces. Validation is done by analyzing the surface curvature and errors between the generated surface and the given data points. The experiments were implemented on both ship hull and free form models. The findings from the experiments are compared with interpolated skinning surface and conventional skinning surface approximation. The results show that the optimized skinning surfaces using the proposed methods yield a smaller error, less control points generation and feasible surfaces while maintaining the shape of the hull.


The central theme of this monograph is that a unifying framework informs the human activity of design across all domains. With few exceptions, each idea in this work applies to graphics, environments, products, software, services, machines, and buildings. I dream that the design process could be integral to the primary, secondary, and post-secondary education of all individuals in modern society. This work is an attempt to lay out some of the ideas that would form that education.


Abstract Deep-sea paleoclimatic records show that the Quaternary climate around Iceland was, and probably still is, very sensitive to rapid shifts in North Atlantic oceanic circulation. Studies of several key sections in Iceland indicate that similar oscillations are reflected in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene terrestrial stratigraphy. Correlations between six rock sequences in western, northern, eastern, and southern Iceland show a fairly distinct trend during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition indicating the progressive growth of an ice sheet from southeast toward the north and west. The correlations are based on K/Ar dates and paleomagnetic studies. A total of 11 glacial horizons are recorded in a stratigraphic column from eastern Iceland extending back 6.5 myr. In western Iceland, 7 glacial horizons are preserved in a rock section dated from 7.0 to 1.8 myr, and in northern Iceland 14 glacial horizons are identified in a section that extends back to 9.0 myr. Well over 20 glacial horizons have been identified in the stratigraphic column in Iceland. Full-scale glacial-interglacial cyclicity with regional ice cover is indicated at approximately 2.6 myr. A further amplification leading to islandwide glaciations is identified at 2.2-2.1 myr. These results show that changes in the ice cover in Iceland correlate with the deep-sea oxygen isotope records from benthic and planktonic foraminifera as well as IRD studies from the North Atlantic.


ABSTRACT Under the influence of the common goals of Education For All (EFA), Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the international development realm, many countries around the world have reached a great level of development through continuous improvement in education since 2000. Meanwhile, Morocco could be one of the developing countries that struggle to resolve many problems resulting from having a weak educational system, which has been considered as one of the main obstacles to the country's economic growth. The purpose of this article is to analyse the gender gap in access to primary education in rural areas of Morocco, focusing on primary school girls. Based on the investigation on the major obstacles, we carried out descriptive statistics with selected variables such as the adjusted net enrolment rate, the cumulative drop-out rate to the last grade, the gross intake ration (graduation ratio) to the last grade, and Gender Parity Index (GPI). In addition, we conducted a few private interviews via Skype with local stakeholders to underpin our research and to reflect personal ideas on the Moroccan educational system from their own perspective. Lastly, we suggested applicable solutions against those barriers from the perspective of education ODA.


The Quiet Direct Simulation (QDS) method is a kinetic‐based flux scheme that computes true‐direction fluxes of mass, momentum and energy with high computational efficiency. In QDS, the molecular velocity is represented by the Maxwell‐Boltzmann equilibrium distribution approximated by a Gauss‐Hermite quadrature. The QDS algorithm is suitable for parallelization with its highly local nature. In this paper, the QDS method is used to simulate highly unsteady low pressure flows encountered in a Pulsed Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (PP‐CVD) reactor. Two simulations were conducted to study the PP‐CVD reactor flow field at 1 Pa and 1 kPa reactor base pressures. The time required to establish the quasi‐steady under‐expanded jet is found to be ∼5 ms, and the jet dissipates within 1 ms of the end of injection. Simulation results also show uniform molecular arrival at the depositing substrate surface to promote uniform deposition. This important information is important to set up PP‐CVD operating conditions as w...


DOI: 10.21276/sjebm.2018.5.3.6 Abstract: The essential aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of transformational leadership behaviors and social competencies of leadership on organizational citizenship behavior of employees. The relationships model was built based on social exchange theory and supported by previous studies from different cultures. The model of relationships was built on the basis of social exchange theory and supported by previous studies. Pilot study was conducted by forty four respondents from Banks in the West Libya to test reliability and validity. Internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were achieved. For mean study, stratified random sampling is adopted, 297 questionnaires among employees of banks were distributed and 223 out of them were returned and valid. Descriptive analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and deductive analysis were used. The findings revealed that transformational leadership behaviours and social competences were relatively high by mangers at various managerial levels. Moreover, the results referred that transformational leadership behaviors and social competencies have positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior of employees, as well as the integration between them has an impact on the citizenship behavior, and this integration better explains the engagement of those employees in extrarole behaviors than the interpretation of the impact of each variable separately.


This article seeks to deconstruct the anti-environmentalist label currently attached to many rural communities around the world. The study specifically addresses supposed anti-environmentalism among commodity farmers in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta and argues that it is overly simplistic to dub any community as anti-environmentalist before determining the historic basis for their motivations and beliefs. The data presented are drawn from onsite interviews with area farmers, community leaders and residents. The research indicates that although intensive farming practices have injured the environment and local residents have opposed environmentalist intervention, their actions and beliefs are rooted not in anti-environmental beliefs, but rather in an historical opposition to the federal regulation of agriculture. Today, Delta farmers are investing in and implementing conservation programs on their land. They are aided in their efforts by local conservation organizations working to recruit local farmers to adopt conservation in order to placate federal officials and rid themselves of unwanted regulations. This work is juxtaposed to examples of other rural communities around the world, similarly dubbed anti-environmental by environmentalist groups and state officials. Analyses of historic relationships of these other communities with the land and with outsiders indicate that, like the Deltans, these communities are not opposed to the preservation of the environment but rather to the intrusion of outsiders into their agricultural and economic practices. The paper concludes with a discussion of the local ecological knowledge that environmentalists and theorists stand to lose by continuing to exclude communities from the environmentalist discourse. Shoreman-Ouimet / Environmentalism and Commodity Farmers 53 remain opposed to mainstream environmentalist ideologies, this community has recently been motivated to repair their environmental damage and conserve their resources. This study examines their reasons for doing so and presents related examples from the literature to illustrate how environmental preservation is a culturally sensitive process—motivated by a range of different factors—and one that is inevitably complicated by cultural history and economics. This discussion includes an analysis of the term anti-environmentalist, and concludes with a discussion of the local ecological knowledge and rural support base that theorists and environmentalists stand to lose from neglecting and/or condemning these communities and their relationship to the land. ANTI-ENVIRONMENTALISTS The following section includes a discussion of the term anti-environmentalist—those who use it and those stereotyped by it. In this article, the term antienvironmentalist is used to describe groups who have been cited for causing environmental damage and/or who have voiced their opposition to environmentalist philosophies. Although there are urban communities who share these sentiments, the groups discussed here are rural communities who are reliant upon the land for their income-producing (farming, mining, timber, etc.) and recreational activities (hunting, boating, all terrain vehicles, fishing, etc.). Although the term implies that the environmental damage is intentional, the following examples demonstrate that upon closer inspection it appears as though the majority of the communities so dubbed are not opposed to the well-being of the environment, but rather to the interference of outside groups and regulatory authorities in their internal affairs. This paper aims to demonstrate that greater steps should be taken to understand the underlying needs and cultural values of a group in order to determine what might motivate community-based conservation in similarly labeled groups around the world. Some researchers argue that the labels of anti-environmental and anti-environmentalist are not simply inaccurate designations, but are actually hegemonic labels created by mainstream environmentalists to marginalize and delegitimize opposition to their agendas (Rikoon and Goedeke 2000). While the injustice of this, as felt by so-called anti-environmentalists, has recently been documented by a small number of researchers (Howell 2002; Igoe 2004; Lynch 1993; Nygren 1999; Rikoon and Goedeke 2000; Shoreman and Haenn 2009; Smith-Cavros 2006; Smith Cavros et al. 2006) aiming to level the playing field of environmental perspective, environmentalism and environmental concern continue to be narrowly defined and represented by a small number of urban, liberal, highly-educated, white advocates and academics (Smith-Cavros 2006). In contrast, rural, land-dependent communities with low income and education levels—as well as large, subsidized commodity farmers, minority American communities, religious groups and political conservatives—have been excluded from these platforms because they are thought to be less concerned with environmental protection than their counterparts. However, research into many of the communities that fall into this category of anti-environmentalist indicates that such opposition is not directed at the environment or the notion of its protection but rather at the federal regulators and environmentalists that attempt to enforce conservation (Hufford 2002; Raedeke et al. 1998; Rikoon and Goedeke 2000; Shoreman and Haenn 2009; Williams 2002). In Raedeke et al.'s (1998) study of cost-share conservation programs, for instance, the researchers found that despite their environmental concern, most farmers were not participating in the federal conservation programs. Based on the fact that more than half of the operators interviewed cited fear of increased regulation as the central reason for their lack of participation, it was concluded that attitudes toward the government have a significant impact on peoples' interest in and support for public environmental programs. While such anti-regulatory sentiments have indeed led a number of communities to avoid participation or even protest environmental action, they have also Journal of Ecological Anthropology 54 Vol. 14 No. 1 2010 motivated some to adopt conservation in order to reap the benefits of placating state officials (Haenn 2006; Shoreman and Haenn 2009). The following examples demonstrate different ways in which communities have expressed their dissatisfaction with external intervention in local environmental issues, be it through opposition, cooperation, or discreet forms of both. This opposition often clouds the fact that it is not the environment for which there is disdain, nor is it the various ways in which it is possible to appreciate, conserve, and use the environment that communities oppose. These examples illustrate how it may be possible to motivate other mislabeled anti-environmental communities to protect their environment and to share their specific environmental knowledge with the global environmental movement (Shoreman-Ouimet forthcoming).


Lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods are kinetic schemes based on stream-and-collide procedures for the evolution of particle distribution functions, and are of much interest to the computational fluid dynamics community due to the locality of their algorithmic steps and other numerical features. Among the more recent developments in this area is the cascaded LB formulation, which is based on central moments and multiple relaxation times that was originally constructed for athermal, single-phase or single-fluid flows, and is promising due to its natural ability to impose Galilean invariance and its enhanced numerical properties such as improved numerical stability when compared to the other collision models. In this dissertation, we advance its state-of-the-art by proposing several new schemes based on cascaded LB approach with improved convergence and/or accuracy or numerical stability, with a common theme involving the use of double (or more) distribution functions that evolve under the relaxation of various central moments during the collision steps for the computation of various multi-physics fluid dynamics applications, including heat transfer and multiphase systems. Specifically, we present and analyze the following: (i) convergence acceleration by preconditioning of the cascaded LB method with additional Galilean invariant (GI) corrections to improve accuracy by reducing aliasing errors due to the discreteness and symmetries of the lattice for steady state flow simulations, (ii) implementation strategies for body forces and source terms in the simulations of fluid motion and scalar transport using cascaded LB schemes via operator splitting, (iii) cascaded LB methods for thermal convective flows in three-dimensions and cylindrical coordinates with axial symmetry, (iv) a kinetic approach for computing the vorticity fields locally in a double


This project is a historical examination of shifting sexual identities and intersex individuals in early modern Europe. This project focuses primarily on anatomical "hermaphrodites" (as they are termed in contemporary sources) and their place within the established binary society. This project answers questions pertaining to intersex individuals and their treatment throughout early modern Europe, depending on country, region, or communities in question. Using primary sources such as Spanish inquisition tribunal transcripts, among other official documents, this project sheds a new light on cultural gender norms of early modern society, producing deeper understanding and hopefully appreciation to our modern culture.


The effect of a high‐fat diet on the expression of the three main isoforms of caveolins in adipocytes isolated from rat retroperitoneal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue was investigated. Two distinct phases can be distinguished on a time‐dependent response in adipocytes from both locations. The early stage affects only to retroperitoneal adipocytes and implies caveolin‐1 activation and caveolin‐2 inactivation, together with increased expression of insulin signaling intermediaries. This initial response would be aimed to counterbalance the energy overload. Continued exposure to the high‐fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose and insulin levels, inducing a late stage in which adipocytes from both locations are affected. This late stage is characterized by general increased caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐2 expression; while on the other hand, the insulin signaling intermediaries are downregulated, with the noticeable exception of GLUT‐4, whose expression remains high. Therefore, it seems that at this stage caveolins and GLUT‐4 are regulated independently of the insulin pathway, through a mechanism that could be mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress associated with obesity. Although this GLUT‐4 upregulation suggests a response against the raise in circulating glucose, this might not be the case, since the developing insulin resistance at this stage indicates a prediabetic state. We have also found that the high‐fat diet is able to induce the expression of muscle‐specific caveolin‐3 in retroperitoneal adipocytes since the initial phase. This observation is similar to what we reported previously in skeletal muscle (Gómez‐Ruiz et al., 2009, FEBS Lett 583:3259–3264), suggesting a similar regulatory mechanism for this isoform. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 206–213, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Intra prediction, which aims to remove the redundancies within a frame, has shown promising performance by simply projecting and interpolating samples along multiple angular directions. Recently, with numerous approaches devoted to learning nonlinear predictors with deep neural networks (DNN) based on local correlations, much less work has been dedicated to exploring non-local self-similarities in intra prediction. In this paper, we propose a unified prediction model that exploits both local and non-local correlations for intra prediction. The proposed model not only supports the nonlinear prediction using local reference samples as input, but also aggregates useful non-local information from a large reconstructed region with a Patch-level Non-local Attention Network (PNA-Net). More specifically, PNA-Net incorporates template matching with attention mechanism in feature domain to obtain the responses of all non-local features to the content to be predicted, leading to the prediction produced with weighted non-local patches. Finally, the predictions in the local and non-local manners are blended adaptively with a trainable network, ensuring the capability to handle a variety of contents. Experimental results on Versatile Video Coding (VVC) software VTM-11.0 show that the proposed model achieves on average 4.69% bit rate savings for natural scene sequences, and 4.24% bit rate savings for screen content sequences under the all intra configuration.


Hong Kong Institute of Dunhuang and Turfan Studies established by Prof. Jao Tsung-i had an impressive record of achievements in promoting the collaborative exchange between the international and Chinese academia. Due to the low profile and the unique history,however,there is little known about the Institute. This article therefore tries to rebuild the developing history of the Institute.


ON November 29, 1054, an Agreement was concluded between the Governments of Great Britain and Ethiopia * whereby the British Military Administration was withdrawn from certain regions adjoining the frontier of British Somaliland. These regions, which included a large part of the Haud and the so-called " Reserved Area," had, from the time of the Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1887, been recognised by the British Government as Ethiopian territory; but after the liberation of Abyssinia from the Italians in 1041, they had been placed temporarily under British control by an Agreement concluded in 1042 and renewed and modified in 1944. The purpose of the Agreement of November 1054 was thus to fulfil the undertaking given by the British Government in the Treaty of 1897; and the British Government maintained that the arrangement by which British administration had been established in these districts of Ethiopia, in 1942 and 1944, had in no way changed the obligations which the British Government had assumed in the Treaty of 1897 according to which these localities were recognised as Ethiopian territory. The implementation of the Agreement, however, on February 28, 1955, resulted in considerable friction between the incoming Ethiopian officials and troops and the Somali tribes whose grazing grounds lie within those regions of Ethiopia previously under the temporary British Administration. The Somali tribes later appealed to the United Nations and sought to have certain questions brought before the International Court of Justice. Their case has also been debated in Parliament. The purpose of the present article is to set out the facts underlying the dispute.


Following the trend of demographic ageing Republic of Croatia approached more developed countries of European Union where it ranks eight with 20.1% of the population aged 65 years or over ( Eurostat 2018. ). Share of the old population grows bigger by each day and the two biggest contributors to that are today`s way of life and youth emigration. Despite the increasing number of elderly people in society, there is still small number of researches that deal with the quality of life of that part of the population. The aim of this paper was to explore quality of life in elderly people. Research took place in the nursing home " Mali Kartec" in Krk and in general population by snowball method, following questionnaires were used in this research: a general questionnaire called "Health survey", questionnaire of life satisfaction – MANSA and the geriatric scale of depression. 131 respondents participated in the research, of whom 65 (49.6%) lives in the nursing home, while 66 (50.4%) of the respondents lives in their own accommodation. The average age of respondents was 77.4 years and ranged from 65 to 94 years. The study covered 45 (34.4%) men and 86 (65.6%) women.