The COVID 19 lockdown brought work home. As design researchers our interest has been in the socio-material changes which the pandemic lockdown, as a top down strategy has brought to the domestic realm. Using an online response gathering tool we undertook an inquiry with 31 different households from around the world. Analyzing this data, we present 7 inter-connected activity categories performed by people as they merged and separated their professional work and domestic living within their homes. From within these categories we note particular activities let people overcome the pressures of merging professional work and domestic living. We see these activities to be tactically emerging from specific characteristics of the domestic realm. Targeting innovation specialists, product designers, architects and service designers we seek the potential for amplifying such tactical characteristics when designing for working from home futures.


Abstract Green valley galaxies (by selection) exhibit lower specific star formation rates and are thought to be in the transition from the active star-forming phase to the quiescent state. Physical mechanisms responsible for the depleted star formation in green valley galaxies, however, are still under debate. Using the ALMA-MaNGA Quenching and STar formation (ALMaQUEST) CO observations, we study the so-called 'resolved star formation scaling relations', which describe relationships among surface densities of star formation rate, stellar mass, and molecular gas mass. By comparing the kpc-scale scaling relations between the main sequence and green valley galaxies, we are able to quantify if the deficit of star formation in green valley galaxies is driven by depleted molecular gas or inefficient star formation. And finally, we present our recent ALMA dense gas (HCN and HCO+) observations for a set of selected ALMaQUEST galaxies to discuss whether the green valley galaxies lack dense molecular gas or not.


Dr. Pearce Bailey, an internationally recognized leader in neurology and the first Director of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, died June 23 in Washington, D.C., of cardiac arrest. Born in New York City in 1902, Dr. Bailey's exceptional career in the medical sciences spanned nearly 4 decades, including 25 years of Government service. As the first Director of the NINCDS (then known as the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness) in 1951, he established research programs in epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular diseases, eye and ear research, a collaborative perinatal project, and a program in surgical neurology. While Director, Dr. Bailey was instrumental in making the field of neurology known nationally and internationally. He was a founder of the American Academy of Neurology, serving as its second president from 1951 to 1953, and a


Purpose – This article is a primer which aims to examine the application of project management principles in organizational strategic planning. The intended audience is students in health administration and novice leaders in health care.Design/methodology/approach – A six‐phase project management algorithm is presented to serve as a framework for implementing various aspects of an organization's strategic plan, with a particular emphasis on accountability processes.Findings – Leaders in healthcare can increase the effectiveness of their organization's strategic planning processes and improve accountability by incorporating basic project management principles during the implementation phase of strategic planning.Research limitations/implications – This is a review article drawing on a well‐established literature in project management and strategic planning.Practical implications – The processes associated with generating an organizational strategic plan are well addressed in the management literature. This...


Gender relations are how a culture or society defines men's and women's rights, obligations, and identities. In rural agricultural contexts, gender dynamics play an integral role in determining who gets what with respect to livestock ownership, decision-making, and distribution of the associated profits. The study aims to assess gender relations in the management, ownership, and decision-making of small-holder livestock in the Koinadugu district, Sierra Leone. Data were collected from six different chiefdoms located within the Koinadugu district. A total of 267 farmers who raised animals participated in the study. Data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. A statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the collected data. The study result shows that men mainly own cattle, goats, and sheep, while women own poultry. Men contributed more to the following tasks: vaccination, Harding, and selling live animals. At the same time, women participate largely in the following activities, such as cleaning gutters and shades, milking animals, processing, selling milk, and selling eggs. The results also show that men make decisions mainly about assigning tasks to family members, purchasing livestock, cultivating grain, and building animal shades. At the same time, the decision to breed animals and feed animals is greatly influenced by women. However, the decision about hiring labor, the treatment of animals, the purchase of feed and concentrate, the sale of live animals, and the size of the herd are influenced by both men and women. Therefore, it is vital to create and enact laws and policies that promote equal rights and opportunities for women so that rural women can contribute significantly to inclusive economic development and the long-term success of the Sierra Leonean livestock industry.


Byline: Roy. Kallivayalil This reply is in response to issues raised by Kumar on retaliatory aggression on psychiatric patients[sup][1]. Psychiatry should articulate science and humanism in its practice [sup][1] and psychiatrists should be the torch bearers for this noble ideal. The reports of assaults on the poor and helpless patients from various parts of the country is very disturbing. The conditions prevailing in some of the mental hospitals or mental health centres in India are appealing. We the members of Indian Psychiatric Society must not only be care taker's and physicians, but also protectors and guardians of the persons with mental illness. In the first week of August 2012, Satnam Singh Mann, a 24 year old man died at the Mental Health Centre Trivandrum, in tragic circumstances. Indian Psychiatric Society had enquired into this incident. There were lapses in several places. At the very outset, the poor and hapless mentally ill person Satnam Singh was charged with "attempt to murder" by the police. This led to his admission in the Forensic (or "criminal ward") at the Trivandrum hospital, where more than 82 patients were kept in 24 "cells". This points to severe infrastructural deficiency. Having more than one excited patient in a single closed room often leads to fights among them and is dangerous. In Satnam's case, the clash apparently had started with his fellow patient. Others who intervened have apparently brutually assaulted him. Let the ongoing police investigation bring out the truth and the guilty must be given exemplary punishment. Varghese P Punnoose, Secretary, IPS Kerala branch who had enquired into the matter has written, [sup][2] "There is a big media and public out cry over this incident. So the government is under great pressure to take'some' action to calm down the situation. They have to find scape goats. The real problem lies with deficiencies in providing acute care in GMHC trivandrum, infrastructural and man power deficiencies in government hospitals and lack of training for paramedical staff. Doctors have to bear the brunt of all these deficiencies. Everyone is eager to believe that the attack happened inside the hospital. The Superintendent of the hospital (a non- psychiatrist doctor) readily admitted to the media that the assault has happened inside the hospital!". Following the incident, many public spirited persons too had written to Indian Psychiatric Society. Nirmala Srinivasan of Action for Mental Illness (ACMI), a Bangalore based NGO wrote, [sup][3] "The greatest contribution IPS can do is to evaluate the clinical merits and demerits of Closed wards and Cells. If it really helps the user/patients, then it should have an evidence base for the same, just as for de-merits. The above initiative is critical in view of the fact that neither the MHA 1987 nor the proposed MHC Bill 2010 provide a legal justification for Closed wards and cells". …


The invention discloses a structure and a construction method for reinforcing an asphalt pavement by drive pins wound with glass fiber yarn. The structure comprises the drive pins arranged at the joint between an asphalt lower surface layer and a cement stable granular material base layer, as well as the glass fiber yarn wound on the drive pins. By adopting the structure for reinforcing the asphalt pavement, not only can strength of connection between the surface layer and the base layer interface be improved, but also the link among the drive pins is enhanced by using the glass fiber yarn, and the structure of the pavement becomes a whole body and is uniform in stress; and due to the reinforcing effect of the glass fiber yarn wound on the drive pins on the material of the pavement, the shear strength of the pavement is increased and the occurrence of reflection cracks of the pavement is simultaneously reduced.


By the new diodeless switching technique as well as by new materials and shapes of the components, more complex ferroresonant switching circuits are now conceivable. The aspect of diodeless interconnection technique, which is well suited to the basic ferroresonant circuits, is not only essential for reliability and ease of servicing, but also important for operation near strong nuclear radiation, where semiconductors will fail


Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Indonesia"s Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency grants

 Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to endothelial dysfunction leading to progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI).

 To evaluate the effect of polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extracts (β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan) as protective vascular endothelium and cardiac reverse remodelling in post MI.

 This is a prospective, randomized double-blind clinical trial in 45 post MI patients. Treated group (TG) was given 3 divided dose of 540 mg β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan daily for 90 days, and control group (CG) received placebo. Variable measured were EPC,CEC,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α,hsCRP,NO,SOD,MDA and echocardiography parameters.

 β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan administration significantly increased EPCs (P = 0.000), but not significantly reduced CECs (P = 0.069). Significant suppression was found in IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α (all P < 0.05), but not in hsCRP (P = 0.064). TG exhibited significant elevation of NO (P = 0.02) and SOD (P = 0.023), and reduction of MDA (P = 0.001). TG revealed significant improvement of LVEF, LVMI, LVIDd, RWT, RWMA and LV diastolic dysfunction (all P < 0.05); but not in FS and TAPSE (P = 0.24, P = 0.20; respectively).

 Polysaccharide peptide exhibits potent protective vascular endothelium and cardiac reverse remodelling in post MI patients, hence promising as add-on medication on top of standard medical regiment. Result comparison between study groupsVariableMeanPretestMean Difference Post-testP valuePolysaccharide peptide (β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan)PlaceboVascular Endothelium BiomarkersCECsEPCs87.99 ± 76.7398.32 ± 44.52-48.01 ± 64.0714.90 ± 24.05-13.84 ± 58.67-17.65 ± 27.870.0690.000Oxidative Stress MarkersSODMDANitric Oxide2.93 ± 0.5419.68 ± 9.9737.98 ± 14.440.26 ± 0.74-5.52 ± 10.756.04 ± 9.27-0.23 ± 0.685.75 ± 10.29-0.62 ± 3.300.0230.0010.02Proinflammatory BiomarkershsCRPTNF-αIL-1IL-62512.90 ± 1332.11348.58 ± 85.0392.14 ± 29.62259.40 ± 125.52-6.78 ± 1099.60-44.98 ± 100.94-15.77 ± 27.06-29.63 ± 104.30-1.42 ± 795.35-1.34 ± 104.893.42 ± 33.1475.77 ± 130.830.0640.0060.0420.005Echocardiographic ParametersLVEFFSLVMITAPSELVIDdRWT57.20 ± 11.3930.85 ± 7.07114.07 ± 59.612.14 ± 0.354.86 ± 0.820.54 ± 0.352.30 ± 9.770.73 ± 7.59-4.55 ± 14.460.99 ± 0.49-0.49 ± 0.45-0.14 ± 0.29-2.08 ± 3.353.74 ± 9.2711.48 ± 23.94-0.17 ± 0.340.23 ± 0.430.03 ± 0.040.0080.2480.0430.2020.0000.017Abstract Figure. Comparison among pre- and post-treatment


In this paper, a new adaptive diagnosis and localization method is given for
small target leak points in an infrared image. The infrared image of a test vessel with cold
compressed air is photographed by a thermal camera. Based on a mathematical model of
the infrared image, the diagnosis and localization method is given as an adaptive algo-
rithm which is synthesized by a developed adaptive center-weighted median filter and an
improved adaptive kernel regression method. Experimental results are given to illustrate
the proposed algorithm is effective and adaptable to small target detection under the com-
plex infrared image background.


Traditional ways of communication fail many times to provide the platform to allow satisfying service delivery to citizens. The fast growing penetration of mobile technology can be used to improve the quality of life of citizens by providing innovative mobile government services. Mobile government is the use of technologies within the government administration to deliver public services to citizens and firms. It is quickly emerging as the new frontier of service delivery and transforms governments by making public service delivery more accessible to citizens. Governments in developing countries including South Africa are increasingly making efforts to provide more access to information and services to citizens, businesses, and civil servants through wireless devices. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting adoption and implementation of m-government, and also to investigate the challenges and opportunities of implementing m-government using the Department of Home Affairs as the case study.


In Australia, the Council makes the choice on whether a service to the Public is provided by the Private Sector, or by Council's Day Labour Staff. This paper examines the possibility of forced Privatisation by Legislation. Local Government should be prepared for this eventuality. At the very least Local Government Engineers should adopt practices that ensure the competitiveness of all services under their control.


This article reports a qualitative case study of currently popular New Age courses and therapies as they are practiced in several New Age centers in the Netherlands. The analysis demonstrates that participants are encouraged to de-identify with a cognitive-reflexive perspective on reality (the intellect, reason, or ego) and to "make contact" with their bodies, their emotions, and their energy (located in the so-called meridians, chakras and auras). This search for an "authentic identity" confirms the ideas of several contemporary sociologists, who suggest that Western societies are witnessing a process of "emotional reenchantment.". 1 Table, 1 Appendix, 32 References. Adapted from the source document.


A CE‐LIF detection‐based assay was developed for the study of individual molecules of Escherichia coli β‐galactosidase. The assay allows for the simultaneous measurement of the electrophoretic mobility, catalytic activity and the variation in activity over time of individual enzyme molecules. In addition to showing the microheterogeneity of the enzyme molecules with respect to mobility and activity, it was demonstrated that at elevated temperatures the enzyme activity fluctuates over time. Incubation at varying temperatures showed that individual β‐galactosidase molecules exhibit differences in their change in activity upon a change in incubation temperature. Incubation at one temperature, followed by an incubation at an elevated temperature and subsequent incubation back at the initial lower temperature caused the molecules to have a different activity than they had initially. Additionally, thermal denaturation was found to cause a rapid and complete loss of activity.


The entrained flow coal gasification technology with high pressure and large scale has become one of the important means and directions in clean coal and coal conversion technology in the future.Based on the extensive investigation of coal ash fusion characteristics of main coal mining area in China,the coal char CO_2 gasification reaction characteristics of selected coal samples were studied with isothermal thermo-gravimetry method by using TGA in 800 ℃~1 400 ℃.The results were shown that the coal char gasification reaction characteristics at high temperature were different from the condition of at low temperature,the reaction control step is transferred from chemical reaction control zone to transition zone at around 900 ℃~1 000 ℃ and from transition zone to pore diffusion control zone at around 1 100 ℃~1 300 ℃.The carbon conversion and reaction rate is higher in 1 000 ℃ than in 950 ℃ and the carbon conversion and reaction rate is higher in 950 ℃ than in 900 ℃.


After many years of experience with Harold Gifford's method of simple evisceration of the globe, the only disadvantage which I have noted, when proper indications are observed, is the occurrence of conjunctival chemosis. It will be remembered that the operation consists in an incision across the cornea and into the sclera at each side, removal of the ocular contents by an evisceration spoon and careful wiping of the inside of the scleral shell with sponges to remove all uveal tissue. The entire cornea is retained. No sutures need be employed, or, at most, one suture between the lips of the corneal wound to keep them from overlapping during the healing process may be used. No implant is employed. The normal attachments of the conjunctiva are not disturbed, and, as a result of the trauma of evisceration, fluid tends to collect within and beneath the conjunctiva. This chemosis may be severe,


What has Rome to do with Silicon Valley? In other words, what has the Church today to do with science and technology? Does the Church have any interest in a debate with the present scientifi c and technical progress, of which Silicon Valley is a symbol? The aim of my research is to look for a new idea of technological progress that will allow to build an integral vision of reality. The teaching of Pope Francis, especially in the Encyclical 'Laudato sí' (2015), provides the basis for the undertaken topic. The structure of the considerations refers to the principles of the social doctrine of the so-called three steps: look, judge, act. Therefore, in the course of the considerations fi rstly ZWISCHEN ROM UND SILICON VALLEY 69 the features of technical progress will be presented (1), then its evaluation (2), and fi nally elements of an integral vision of reality (3).


Mobile marketing can be made more personalized through Mobile Personalized Marketing (MPM). To personalize the content, the information regarding the customers need to be captured more in detail such as customer location, age and gender. This customer information can be collected using Smartphone which is rising in the marketing industry. This will help in getting all the information of user to push the advertisement in a more personalized way. In this system, we mainly focus on the multidimensional data collected from the user to analyze the user activity from multiple perspectives and push the advertisement in a personalized form. The existing work focuses on the contexts of mobile users and their activities, which will provide prediction of customer preferences. The existing system considers only a limited number of dimensions in predicting the user preferences, which may not accurately predict users behavior and this is an obstacle to get accurate data. The proposed work focuses on increasing the number of dimension combination for each event with the user context and activities. User clustering is constructed and similarities between the users are also evaluated for predicting the user behaviors. Personalized Marketing refers to target an individual customer based on their interest towards product or services. So, multiple dimensions can be used to push more personalized marketing products and services based on the user context and action events.


Capital flight is a widespread phenomenon in international economy. How to estimate the volume of China's capital flight has been a difficult problem. The findings obtained by using the direct analysis method are that there has been capital flight over the past fifteen years, and there has been obvious increase in capital flight since 1995. However, as a percentage of GDP, there has not been much change in capital flight since 1991. In examining the issue of capital flight we have to pay attention to the study of th choice of monetary policy.


ABSTRACT This paper argues that Don DeLillo's 1997 novel Underworld represents a concerted attempt on the author's behalf to situate himself in relation to the post-Marxist debates of the 1990s. First arguing that, contrary to popular accounts of the period, the 1990s represented a moment of intense debate regarding the future of Marxism in the twenty-first century, I read DeLillo's novel as an exercise in working through various issues pertinent to post-Marxist thought, including the possibility and desirability of autonomy for art, the relevance of a 'crude' materialist approach to a capitalist system increasingly driven by predominantly immaterial labour, and the impact of the 'linguistic turn' in Marxist critique. To do so, I use both the final, published version of DeLillo's Underworld, and the notes, annotations, and chapter drafts of the novel held at the Harry Ransom Center in Austin, Texas, which provide a unique insight into DeLillo's own instabilities and insecurities while writing the novel. The article concludes with a brief look at how these debates are further addressed by DeLillo in his later twenty-first century work, specifically 2004's Cosmopolis.


This paper is concerned with the application of robust Wiener filtering theory to the removal of narrowband signal components from broadband signal components. It is the intent that these filters be inserted in line prior to cross-correlation. It is shown that when measurements made are the incoming signals auto correlation function, this method reduces to estimating the spectrum using the Maximum Entropy Method, and the resulting filter is determined as if the estimated spectrum were the actual spectrum.


With respect to the European Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, AMR is an intensively discussed subject. One major aspect concerning AMR via power line communications (PLC) is the synchronization of communication systems. Common synchronization techniques are limited due to omnipresent, intensive and permanent disturbance, frequency or timing restrictions. In this paper, we analyze a synchronization scheme for power line modems with emphasis on systems deployed in the CENELEC bands (Oksa et al., 2006). First, the basic parameters of a proposed communication system on the basis of OFDM are presented. Thereby, the application and the design of guard intervals for elimination of synchronization errors are in the focus of the examination. Common synchronization strategies are discussed and the application of synchronization using the zero crossings (ZC) of the mains voltage is investigated. Extensive measurement campaigns will be analyzed in order to determine the potential as well as the issues with zero crossing synchronization. Concerning the OFDM systems, the dimension of the assumed guard interval is compared and verified with the results of zero crossing jitter measurements.


For mining extremely-thick residual coal in 16 Mining Area under building in Xi'an Colliery,optimized mining project was put forward after calculating surface movement and deformation of several mining projects on the basis of geological and mining condition.Surrounding rock failure height was predicted and dimension of coal-rock pillar against water was obtained.Influence of loose aquifer and surface water-body on mining face was evaluated,which provided reference for safe mining.


The fifth tropical disturbance of 1939 originated from a shallow low-pressure wave in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 27. A slow north-to-northwest movement of the wave, with equally slow fall in barometer, occurred until 7 p. m. (E. S. T.) of the 29th, when a cyclonic circulation became more developed, with center not far to the southward of Swan Island. At the morning observation of the 30th the center was close to the westward of Swan Island, where the barometer read 1,004.7 millibars (29.67 inches), wind south-southwest, force 5. During the day of the 30th the disturbance curved into a northeasterly direction, the center passing tmo the north of Swan Island where, at 7 p. m. (E. S. T.), the barometer had fallen to 1,003.4 millibarp (29.63 inches). Up to that time no gales had been reported in connection with this disturbance. But a t midnight of the 30th-31st the American steamer Olancho, Santa Marta toward Barrios, experienced a gale of force 8. The ship's position a t 4 p. m. of the 30th was in 16'25' N., 83'53' W., where she had lowest barometer, 1,005.1 millibars (t29.68 inches). During the 31st the disturbance increased in intensity, and was locally of hurricane force as it passed over the Cayman Islands during the afternoon. At Grand Cay-man the maximum wind velocity was 92 miles an hour, and the lowest pressure, at about 3130 p. m., was 990.5 millibars (29.25 inches). Press reports indicate considerable damage on the islands, and the loss of four schooners. The strongest wind reported by a ship on the 31st was from the northwest, force 9, experienced by the American steamer Memphis City near 21' N., 85' W., a t about 7 a. m., ship's time. The ship was a t that time considerably to the west-northwest of the storm center, then near 19' N., 82' W. After leaving the Caymans, the cyclone took an east to east-by-south course toward Jamaica, and at 7 p. ni. (E. S. T.) of the 31st, while yet moderate to strong nortlierly gales were blowing at Grand Cayman, strong southerly gales were battering the western extremity of Jtimaica. At 7 a. m. (E. S. T.) of November 1 the center lay close off the northwest coast of Jamaica, where there was heavy property damage, particular1 a t hlontego forced scores of families to leave their homes, and one life was …


How a protein functions depends both on having basic stable forms (tertiary structure) and having some residual flexibility supported within that structure. The modeling of protein flexibility and rigidity in terms imported from physics and engineering has been developed through the theory of generically rigid frameworks and a fast combinatorial algorithm is available in programs such as FIRST. Recent theoretical work on rigidity of frameworks has modified this generic analysis to include the basic symmetry and to predict additional motions. In particular, a framework which would normally count to be combinatorially minimally rigid in generic realizations has been shown to become flexible when realized with 2‐fold rotational symmetry in 3‐space. Protein dimers, formed by two copies of a protein are a good case study for impact of this added flexibility due to 2‐fold rotational symmetry, as dimers generally self‐assemble with a 2‐fold rotational axis, for reasons of minimal energy. We describe an algorithm for predicting possible additional flexibility and consider the question: What is the significance of this for the behavior of dimers, such as tryptophan repressor?


Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is the most important disease of cucurbits in Illinois and many of cucurbit growing areas in the world. There is no cucurbit cultivar with measurable resistance against Phytophthora blight available. At present, cultural practices and chemical use are the options for management of this disease in cucurbit fields. A research program was established to develop effective strategies for managing Phytophthora blight of cucurbits by integrating cropping rotations, seed treatment, field scouting, using short-cycle mustard as cover crop, and fungicide sprays. Cropping rotations of ≥3 years with nonhost crops was established after the host range and survival of P. capsici in soil were determined. Seed treatment with mefenoxam (Apron XL LS at 0.42 ml·kg -1 of seed) and spray applications of captan (Maestro 80DF at 6.73 kg·ha -1 ), copper (Kocide-3000 46.1DF at 2.24 kg·ha -1 ), cyazofamid (Ranman 400SC at 0.20 L·ha -1 ), dimethomorph (Acrobat 50WP at 0.46 kg·ha -1 or Forum 4.16SC at 0.44 L·ha -1 ), famoxadone-cymoxanil (Tanos 50DWG at 0.70 kg·ha -1 ), folpan (Folapn 80WDG at 6.73 kg·ha -1 ), mandipropamid (Revus 2.09SC at 0.58 L·ha -1 ), mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold Copper 65WP at 2.24 kg·ha -1 ), phosphorous acid (ProPhyt 4.2F at 2.84 L·ha -1 ), reduced yield losses from more than 30% to less than 10% in cucurbit fields. Field scouting and removing/ disking infected plants in small areas in the early disease development stages helped to delay the spread of the disease in the fields. Amending soil with mustard reduced the incidence of vine and fruit infection of pumpkin caused by P. capsici.


Provided stitcher (100), the stitcher has a carriage (111) having a center of gravity (124), the carriage (111) is movable between a retracted position and an extended position, the carriage driving force of at least one bearing for supporting (112a, 112b) has a has a hydraulic link (115) for driving the carriage (111), the operation link (115) to (Efupai5 ) it is adapted to be applied in between the through of or centroids and the bearing center of gravity (124). Another stitcher (200) is also provided, this alternative stitcher are movable carriage (211) is provided having a center of gravity (224), the carriage (211) is between a retracted position and an extended position is movable, and operating link (215) is provided for driving the carriage (211), the driving force of the operating link (215) (F 215) it is, when the carriage (215) is in the extended or retracted position It is adapted to be provided through the center of gravity. Saddle stitcher is also provided. Method for binding are also provided.


Zamyadi, A., Gallichand, J. and Duchemin, M. 2007. Comparison of methods for estimating sediment and nitrogen loads from a small agricultural watershed. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le génie des biosystèmes au Canada 49: 1.27-1.36. The knowledge of nutrient mass load at the outlet of watersheds is a key tool in water quality management projects. However, because of the lack of frequent concentration measurements, a precise estimation of mass load is not possible. This study was conducted to determine the quality of mass load estimation for a combination of six sampling frequencies (daily to monthly), two sampling schemes (fixed and random), and seven calculation methods (averaging, ratio estimator, and interpolation) for sediment and three nitrogen components at the outlet of a 5.3 km agricultural watershed in the province of Québec. Hourly values of flow, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, and sediment were generated for a two-year period by the HSPF model calibrated for the watershed. Load estimates based on the mass accumulation of hourly values were assumed to represent the true loads to which loads estimated by other methods were compared using bias, standard deviation, and root mean square error (RMSE). For all water quality parameters, the RMSE decreased with the sampling frequency. Fixed sampling schemes always resulted in RMSE values less than those of random schemes. This better performance of the fixed sampling scheme is attributed to the autocorrelation in time for all water quality parameters. The sediment autocorrellogram showed a 24-hour periodicity that is explained by snowmelt and more frequent evening and night rainfalls. All load evaluations generally resulted in an underestimation of the true load, most likely due to the flashy hydrological response of the small watershed studied. Of the seven load calculation methods studied, linear interpolation, which is used to obtain an estimate of concentration for each available hourly flow value, systematically yielded the lowest RMSE value. However, ratio estimator methods did not fare well, ranking only 5 and 6 out of the seven methods tested.


This paper aims to provide a discussion of the style of English children's poems. The focus is on several characteristics of the style,namely,detailed analyses are presented.


Big size of composite particles were prepared by mixing WC with Cr-Fe powder and then pressing.The composites particles were coated on the surface of sand cast mould,and then 45 steel liquid was poured in the cast mould.The thickness,composition of the cast infiltration layer and the cast infiltration mechanism were studied.The results show that,the surface composite layer without defects are obtained using this special composite particles cast infiltration.The coating prepared by this method is thicker than that of by common cast infiltration.The surface composites layer consist of melting layer and brazing layer.The mechanism of the cast infiltration is that high temperature cast steel liquid infiltrates into the gaps between composite particles firstly,and then the gaps between small particles in the composite particles,in the end,the liquid steel solidifies into cast infiltration surface composites layer.


In her acknowledgements, Baviskar thanks a mentor for 'encouraging me to see the world (system) in my grain of sand-Anjanwara'. And this is precisely what the author manages to do so well, using her anthropological fieldwork in one village in Jhabua district of MP to raise larger questions. She challenges the notion of an innate conservationist ethic shared by tribals and other forest dwellers; analyses the role of researchers compounded by the dilemmas of activism; and explores the complexities of movements which fight for tribal rights, yet in doing so misrepresent the 'being', the real hopes, fears and concerns of the people they represent. The latter are not always intrinsically revolutionary, not always environmentally conscious, not always bearers of a pure tribal culture that can be used to provide an alternative to the dominant development model. These


Electrical power utilities can choose various methods to obtain information about technical condition of their assets, e.g. inspections, diagnostic measurements. Nowadays, however, decisions will have to be based on more than this technical information alone. A more integral approach is needed, paying attention to all stakeholders' expectations. This paper discusses research performed on modeling the asset management decision process to provide support during the decision process. The model was developed to provide a structured approach in making decisions. This way it assures that all aspects and categories of importance will be taken into consideration every time a decision has to be made. Based on an interactive template, the model provides support in profiling the asset owners' demands, and in assessment of technical, economical and societal status of the assets. Furthermore the model helps out in the selection of integrated analytical tools to model the effects on, and the interaction between: reliability and availability, spare part provision, maintenance activities and intervals, operational load, condition assessment, remaining technical lifetime and benefits and costs. A practical implementation in the field of medium voltage power cable networks is discussed to illustrate the use of the model


EMI study has a definite place in the technology curriculum. In addition to introducing EMI sources and general EMI elimination methodologies, specific sources of EMI should be discussed and examples demonstrated in the lab. A very effective review of the entire EET curriculum can be implemented in an EMI course. One example of integrating the EMI techniques into the curriculum would be the process of designing a simple radio frequency interference (RFI) receiver, troubleshooting the receiver and then using the receiver to detect other RFI sources.


As robotic surgery increases its reach, novel platforms are being released. We present the first 17 consecutive cases of alimentary tract surgery performed with the HugoTM RAS (Medtronic).


An improved response resequencing technique for use in a South Bridge element or I / O hub or similar device is provided. Non-posted read requests are received from at least a requesting entity and sent upstream commands based on the non-posted read requests. Each of the upstream commands is uniquely identified by a command mark. If response data are received in response to previously transmitted commands, responses are transmitted to the at least one requesting unit on the basis of the response data. The transmission of the responses includes reordering the received response data by accessing a buffer of the South Bridge device. The buffer stores the received response data and has a plurality of buffer elements, the one of the instruction tags are uniquely assigned to each.


Over the years with the rapid industrialization, the percentage of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased drastically. Among the GHGs in the atmosphere Carbon Dioxide has accounted for the highest percentage. Within the past few decades, the atmospheric Carbon concentration has shown a rapid increase thus grabbing the attention of the world population in moving towards emission minimizing strategies. Transportation is accounted as one of the highest contributors of Carbon emission across different regions of the globe. Globalization has allowed the businesses to function as a single unit thus lengthening the supply chains and making it a strong contributor to the increasing Carbon footprint by means of transportation via different modes such as land, sea, air and pipeline. Inland freight transportation is mainly carried out either as road or rail transportation and when considering the breakdown due to agility and flexibility required in modern supply chains, road transportation is mainly practised worldwide. The amount of Carbon footprint left from the road freight transportation varies with many factors, starting from the vehicle type and fuel type up to changes in the business strategies of the firm. Hence most of the business organizations place an increased concern on their logistics activities in order to reduce the percentage of their emissions thus practising a sustainable organizational policy. Based on the literature review, it is supposed to identify the factors that affect the rate of Carbon emission from road freight transportation and the currently available reduction measures that are practised within organizations. This study presents a conceptual framework for carbon emission reduction and factors that affect the rate of carbon emission from road freight transportation, through a comprehensive and systematic review of literature. Hence, the paper will provide an insight in the current available knowledge in the research area and will act as a guide for future research.


Civic pride relates to how places promote and defend local identity and autonomy. It is often championed as a key value and aspiration of local government. This paper argues that civic pride has been under-examined in geography, and in particular the emotional meanings of pride need to be better understood. In response, I present an emotional analysis of civic pride and discuss its role in British cities, particularly in the context of urban regeneration and the UK's new localism agenda. In the latter part of the paper I provide a case study of Nottingham in England, where I employ a discourse analysis of recent urban policy and local media to examine how civic pride is being mobilised and contested in the city. Examining civic pride is important because it shapes and reflects the political values that local governments stand for and provides a basis for thinking about how emotions are used strategically (and problematically) in urban policy. This paper complements and challenges existing literature on cities by showing how civic pride shapes, but also obscures, the ideological politics of local government and how, as geographers, we might consider more seriously the ways forms of power, identity and inequality are reproduced and contested through emotions such as pride.


(54) GOLF BALLS FORMED OF COMPOSITIONS OTHER PUBLICATIONS COMPRISING POLY (TRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) AND METHOD OF Dr. H.S. Brown et al., "Texturing of Textile Filament Yarns MAKING SUCH BALLS Based On Polytrimethylene Terephthalate", Chem Fibers, Int. 1997, 47 (1), 72–74. (75) Inventors: Kevin Harris, New Bedford; Murali "PTT. Trying Out The New Contender", European Plastics Rajagopalan, South Dartmouth, both of News, Jun. 1997, 35–36. MA (US) Dangayach et al., "Poly (Trimethylene Terephthalate) New Opportunity in Engineering Thermoplastic Applications', (73) Assignee: Acushnet Company, Fairhaven, MA ANTEC 97, 2097-2101. (US) Piccolini et al., "Brief Analyses Of Commercially Interest (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this ing U.S. Patents, CHEMTECH, Oct. 1997. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Schauhoff et al., "New Developments. In The Production Of U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT)", Chem Fibers Int., 1996, 46 (4), 263-264. Traub et al., "Mechanical Properties Of Fibers Made Of (21) Appl. No.: 09/063,116 Polytrimethylene Terephthalate", ChemFibers Int., 1995, 45 (22) Filed: Apr. 20, 1998 (2), 110-111. (51) Int. Cl. ............................ A63B 37,12. A63B 3702 Traub et al. Synthesis.And Properties Of Fiber-Grade (52) U.S. Cl 525/176; 525/177, 528/308.6; Poly(trimethylene Terephthalate)", Die Angewandte Mak 7,554. 73'55,773',5773,7753, molekular her 20 (1995) 179-187 (N.055). 473/374; 473/377; 473/378 Ward et al., "The Mechanical Properties And Structure of Poly(m-methylene terephtalate) Fibers",Journal of Polymer (58) Field of Searth/357,365 37 5.7; Science: Polymer Physics Edition, vol. 14, 263-274 (1976).


ABSTRACT Patch-clamp experiments performed on membrane fragments ofCorynebacterium glutamicum fused into giant liposomes revealed the presence of two different stretch-activated conductances, 600 to 700 pS and 1,200 to 1,400 pS in 0.1 M KCl, that exhibited the same characteristics in terms of kinetics, ion selectivity, and voltage dependence.


An investigation of Norplant clinical trials conducted in Brazil uncovered serious irregularities contraindications and methodological errors. With authorization from the Ministry of Health the University of Campinas Mother-Child Disease Control and Research Center initiated Norplant trials in 1984 at a time when the country lived under a military dictatorship and the public had little knowledge or influence over government decisions. But with the political change and increased democratization that occurred the following year feminist groups succeeded in pressuring the government to establish a Committee for Studies of Human Reproductive Rights within the Ministry of Health. Researchers began evaluating the Norplant clinical trials and discovered a host careless and unethical practices. While the project had planned to try the implants on 2000 women it ended up involving 3589 women (some of whom were as young as 14). Interviews with participants revealed that many did not know that they were taking part in research. Not only was there no informed consent involved the women were actually required to sign documents giving them terms of responsibility -- in effect passing on to them all the responsibility of any harm caused by Norplant. The women were given little information of possible side effects (such as weight gain and bleeding irregularities) and were induced to commit themselves to long-term use of the contraceptive. The investigation also revealed that the study had failed to set up criteria for participation and kept poor follow-up records. Because many of the women were poor and transient the study simply lost contact with many participants. These and other findings prompted the Ministry of Health to cancel the trials in 1986.


Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most common nosocomial infections occurring worldwide, thus leading to increasing cost, mortality and morbidity. The main objective was to know the incidence of SSI in clean surgical procedures carried out in the institute of MGMCRI and to determine various pathogens causing SSI.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients in Department of General Surgery in MGMCRI, Puducherry from June 2015 to August 2017 who underwent clean surgical procedure. Preoperatively single done of injection cefazolin 1gm intravenous preparation was given 30 minus before the skin incision and patient were observed and followed up meticulously for the incidence of SSI and to determine the bacterial flora in the event of SSI.Results: In our study a total of 100 patients were included.  In our study a total of three out of 100 patients developed SSI which was around 3%.Out of the 3 patients who had SSI all were a male which is around 4.6% in our study. In relation to the distribution based on the age group more than 50 year of the age are most frequently associated with SSI in our study. The bacterial flora includes staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from one patient and Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from two patients who had surgical site infections.Conclusions: This study concludes that single dose pre-operative antibiotic has advantage in prevention of SSI and it is cost effective for patient.


Differential thermal analysis (DTA) has been used to study the effect of impurities on aluminothermic reactions between commercial type 101 aluminum powder and U{sub 3}O{sub 8} powder. No measurable effect (solid state reactions) was found below 660{degrees}C during differential thermal analysis studies of (1) loose blended powders, (2) blended and compressed powders, (3) blended, heated, and compressed powders, or (4) blended, compressed, and heated compacts containing less than 50,000 ppM impurities from group IA halide salts and group IIA oxides. It was determined that impurities (>5 wt %) of alkali metal chlorides, and alkaline earth oxides, cause minor modifications of the reaction thermograms above 800{degrees}C for molten aluminum metal with U{sub 3}O{sub 8}. It was also determined that attempts to prepare alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal uranates under conditions via reaction below 660{degrees}C. In similar experiments where Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and NiO were substituted for U{sub 3}O{sub 8}, it was determined that NaCl does modify the reactions between aluminum metal and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and between aluminum metal and NiO. With increasing NaCl concentrations, the temperature for initiation of the reaction moves to lower temperatures. At 10 wt % NaCl, the exothermic thermite'' reactions between aluminum and Fe{sub 2}O{submore » 3} or NiO begin at approximately 640{degrees}C. 30 refs., 17 figs., 7 tabs.« less


This paper discusses several relevant sociological and environmental considerations in urban road planning studies. It then outlines the processes adopted to identify, examine, and evaluate these aspects so they can be properly considered in the planning and decision-making process in order to arrive at a feasible and acceptable course of action. It comments on environment assessment procedures, and concludes with a brief discussion of the use of a range of disciplines in the planning team.


This study sought to find out teachers" views regarding the adoption of the New Schools Curriculum in Zimbabwe. The study adopted the qualitative research paradigm and the case study design. It focused on rural primary and secondary school teachers in Hwange District of Matabeleland North Province in Zimbabwe. The study population comprised rural primary and secondary school teachers in the area under study and a sample of 20 (N=20) teachers (10 from the primary and 10 from the secondary school sector) was considered for the study. The sample was obtained through Purposive sampling method and Interviews were used as the research technique. Consistent with qualitative inquiries, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the generated data was done and the data was presented in point form. The key findings were that the teachers understood the New Schools Curriculum in Zimbabwe to mean the new syallabus, learning areas and content that was introduced in schools by the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to replace the traditional curriculum. However, they were concerned that they were generally ill-prepared to implement the New Curriculum, mainly because of the many challenges they faced including limited understanding of the New Curriculum as they felt that they were not well oriented by the relevant Ministry before its introduction. They also cited shortage of appropriate teaching and learning resources for some new learning areas. However, the teachers indicated that it was critical for all education stakeholders to welcome the New Curriculum in acknowledgement of the fact that it was largely a result of national stakeholder consultation conducted by the relevant Ministry. Accordingly, the researchers concluded that inspite of the challenges faced by the primary and secondary school teachers in the implementation of the New Schools Curriculum, they considered its adoption in the context of both fostering quality in education and national developmental needs. Recommendations were that, there is need for continual staff development for teachers in order to help them understand the New Curriculum in depth and that there is need to increase funding of rural schools in order to promote the holistic sussessful implementation of the New Curriculum countrwide.


Objective To study the relationship between high resolution CT appearance of GGO and pathological grading of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma.Materials and Methods One hundred and nine patients with peripheral lung adenocarcinoma proved by surgery and pathology underwent CT scan before treament.Presence or absence of GGO and pathological grading were analyzed retrospectively.Results In these peripheral lung adenocarcinomas,there were significant relationships between the pathological grading and GGO.Conclusion Peripheral lung adenocarcinomas with GGO have lower degree of malignancy.


(57) Abstract: modified proteins and methods for their production hydrophobic are described. The hydrophobic component is added to the surface amino acid residues of the protein. The hydrophobic component may be a lipid or a peptide. Alternatively, the protein may be modified by a variety of chemical reactions to add a hydrophobic structure to the protein. Preferred proteins are of mammalian origin, sonic, is selected from the group consisting of Indians, and desert hedgehog. Hydrophobic component, the cell membrane, is used as a liposome or a good tie convenient to be added to the vesicles, such as micelles.


Background: Premature rupture of membrane is one of the most common problems in obstetrics with 5-10% of term pregnancies. The a im was to study morbidity in neonates born to mothers with preterm premature rupture of membrane ( PROM) more than 18 hours. Methods: This is a prospective study in which a total of 50 neonates admitted in NICU in Katihar medical college and hospital, Bihar, India, born to mothers of PROM more than 18 hours were included in this study. Clearance from ethical committee was taken. Neonates born to mothers with antepartum haemorrhage, meconium aspiration syndrome, toxemia of pregnancy and rh-incompatibility were excluded from the study. Proper history, examination and laboratory tests were done and data were analysed using SSP-20. Results: Among the included neonates, the most common clinical manifestations were respiratory distress syndrome 18 cases (36%), septicemia 4 cases (8%), meningitis 1 case (2%) and pneumonia 1 case (2%). Conclusions: Neonates born to mothers with PROM are at high risk and active management is needed to deliver the baby within 24 hours of PROM for better neonatal outcome.


The modern complex society as well as know as State, emerges after a long development of primitive communities which are in constant transformation. As a social phenomenon, philosophical, legal or political, it is assumed that a hierarchical relationship between government and its governed are interconnected by the need for protection and realization of the common good. Under the perspective of the common good, this article aims to analyse through a literature review the constitutive causes of the state (material, formal and final) comparing the final causes with the process of democratization of the Brazilian state with the advent of the Federal Constitution 1988.


There are several aspects to build up "new three-entering" operation system in this topic. They are: raising thoughts understanding, training teachers, deepening teaching reform, developing practice activities.


ABSTRACT This study explores and measures the effect of human resource management (HRM) and performance in the hotel industry in Barbados. HRM and performance have been the subject of much debate worldwide, especially in the large Anglophone countries. This research seeks to replicate Hoque's (1999b) study of HRM and performance in the UK hotel industry. The qualitative survey covered 16 hotels out of a population of 75 hotels in Barbados. Respondents in this research were hotel managers, being either a general manager, human resource (HR) manager or line manager, who gave their perceptions. Similar to Hoque, the impact of internal and external fit and the universal relevance of HRM were tested. It was found that there was mixed support for internal fit, external fit, and universal relevance in the Barbados hotel industry. All the hotels perceived themselves as performing well. Strong evidence of elements of industrial relations and personnel management (IR/PM) and HRM were also found. However, one can conclude that best practice works in Barbados rather than best fit.


We consider the finite- element approxim ation of a distributed optimal control problem govemed by a semilinea r ellip tic partial differential equation, where pointwise constraints on the control are given. We prove the existence of local approximate so lutions converging to a given lo cal reference solu tion. Moreover, we derive error estimates for local solutions in the maximum nonn.


This report presents brief notes on discussions and observations made during a recent visit to Europe An index is provided to facili-tate its for on specific subjects may be available


The determination of trace impurities in high-purity metals and alloys is an important part of the quality-control process in the manufacture of these materials. Trace impurities can have major effects on the properties of the finished products, and in many cases it is desirable to minimize, or at least to be able to control, the levels of certain trace impurities. For example, the level of Ag and S in high-purity Cu wire may be required not to exceed 0.1 parts per million (ppm) [1].


Spatial distributions in event locations and their source parameters (moment magnitude, seismic moment, source radius, Pand S-wave seismic energy release, and static stress drop) were examined in order to provide insight into the geometry and fracturing process associated with the Stage 2 Cotton Valley (East Texas) fracture treatment of May 14, 1997. Events locations (79), based on Pand Swave first arrivals and direction vectors, were obtained to an accuracy better than 24 m (9 m on average). Spatially, events occurred at two depths (2760 m and 2820 m), and ranged from 260 m west to 330 m east of the treatment well. The events, varying in magnitude from -1.5 to -0.5, exhibited shear and non-shear failure components, as observed in the Sto P-wave seismic energy ratios. Additionally, the ratios generally increased with distance from the treatment well. Scaling in seismic moment outlined self-similar and non-similar trends, likely resulting from the presence of fluid. It is concluded that the analysis of microseismicity and their source characteristics have the potential for outlining fracture behavior in the Cotton Valley.


Let R be a noetherian ring andM a finite R-module. With a linear form χ onM one associates the Koszul complex K(χ). IfM is a free module, then the homology of K(χ) is well-understood, and in particular it is grade sensitive with respect to Imχ. In this note we investigate the case of a module M of projective dimension 1 (more precisely, M has a free resolution of length 1) for which the first nonvanishing Fitting ideal IM has the maximally possible grade r + 1, r = rankM . Then h = grade Imχ ≤ r + 1 for all linear forms χ on M , and it turns out that Hr−i(K(χ)) = 0 for all even i < h and Hr−i(K(χ)) ∼= S (C) for all odd i < h where S denotes symmetric power and C = ExtR(M,R), in other words, C = Cokψ for a presentation


In this paper, analytic solutions of the variant Boussinesq equations are obtained by the homotopy analysis and the homotopy Pad é methods. The obtained approximation using homotopy method contains an auxiliary parameter, which is a simple way to control and adjust the convergence region and rate of solution series. The approximation solutions by [m,m] homotopy Pad é technique is often independent of auxiliary parameter ℏ , and this technique accelerates the convergence of the related series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


(generally six weeks). Time to AKI was compared using multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards Models. Summary of results Among the 82 subjects in the LC-MS group and 102 in the immunoassay group, there were no differences in gender, age, baseline renal function, or race. LCMS based monitoring was associated with a 75% greater risk of AKI in unadjusted analysis (HR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.87) and after adjusting for age, sex, baseline renal function, and race (HR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.67). Conclusions When using existing cut-points to monitor and titrate tacrolimus dosing, monitoring with LC-MS is associated with higher risk of AKI compared to immunoassay. While LCMS reflects a more accurate measure of tacrolimus blood levels, established cut-points for tacrolimus dosing may need to be lowered to account for the increased risk of AKI.


Objective To study the clinical effects and adverse reactions of zoledronic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine( Bushenhuoxue prescription) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods 80 of postmenopausal osteoporosis in our department were randomly divided into 4 groups,group A received zoledronic acid and Bushenhuoxue prescription,group B received Bushenhuoxue prescription,group C received zoledronic acid,and all four groups received Calcium D orally. The bone mineral density before and after the treatment was determined by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry( DXA); the serum levels of Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide( PINP) and telopeptide( β-CTX)were also tested. The efficacy and adverse reactions were assessed through the follow-up. Results The bone mineral density after the treatment increased in group A,B and C,especially in group A. The serum levels of PINP andβ-CTX in group A and C decreased to different extent,but not in group D. The main adverse reactions of Zoledronic acid included fever,bone pain,myalgia and other influenza-like symptoms which only lasted for 3 days or less. Conclusion The zoledronic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine( Bushenhuoxue prescription) can obviously improve the bone mineral density in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis,alleviate patients' pain,reduce the risk of new fracture,and has good safety and tolerability.


The Wuqionghui edition of Outlaws of the Marsh has been playing an important role in the evolution of the past versions of Outlaws of the Marsh, with the Tianduwaichen edition and Rongyutang edition as its predecessors, and the Dadiyuren edition and the Yuanwuya edition as successors. Study of the comments, illustrations, chapters of the Wuqionghui edition shows that the former two editions are based on the Wuqionghui edition, which was printed after the Tianduwaichen edition, Rongyutang edition and the Zhongbojing edition. Its basis may be the Tianduwaichen edition or an edition closely related to it. The illustrations of the Wuqionghui edition are copied from the Rongyutang edition, and the Rongyutang edition housed in the National Library does not contain all the original illustrations.


Purpose-Using survey datasets, this work explores the impact of economic freedom on the gender pay gap in the UK. Design/methodology/approach-The analysis combines Economic Freedom of the World data with the Understanding Society (USoc) Microdata series Findings-The results document that economic freedom positively affects the gender pay gap. When the components of the index are considered, the findings indicate different effects of various types of policy, i.e. less government spending, stronger trade liberalization conditions and levels of corruption lead to higher gaps; stronger legal and property rights and a sounder money system have no impact on the gap. Moreover, a stronger impact in the manufacturing industry, part-time workers and those who work in the non-London regions is observed. Practical implications-The findings imply that reductions to government spending programmes can potentially aggravate the gap in hourly wages paid between males and females and should, therefore, be implemented. It may be also possible to provide females the training or education necessary to effectively compete in the workforce, before eliminating any spending programme they rely on.


New Zealand's architectural history, while in no way a culturally comprehensive documentary, has found a special place for Kēnana's isolated Te Urewera community. Credit for this can be attached to Hiona, the remarkable circular temple Kēnana constructed that has, in no small way, become an icon of Māori architecture. However, it is not well appreciated that, by the time of Kēnana's detention, the ritual functioning of Hiona had been largely abandoned. Indeed, the community of Maungapōhatu needs to be understood as having an architecture of two phases. Hiona was constructed in 1907 during a period of optimism for Kēnana and his followers. However, by 1911, Maungapōhatu was in significant decline and in 1914 Kēnana began to systematically reconstruct the architecture of his community. Hiona was abandoned and a more conformist meeting house, Tānenui-a-rangi, was built. At the same time Kēnana reclassified the physical boundaries of the village, clearing areas of dwellings and establishing new spatial hierarchies concerning tapu (sacred) and noa (common) values. In this paper I will be examining in detail the extraordinary photographs available of Maungapōhatu from this timeframe to extract characteristics of the architecture. While some attention will be given to Hiona and the establishment of the village, the emphasis of the research is placed on the second reconstruction period with attention being given to the discernible architectural significance of the changes. In particular this will address Hiruharama Hou, Kēnana's twin gable house which remained a constant above the village and whose architectural role has not yet been sufficiently explored. On the 9th September this year several hundred members of Tūhoe met in the remote Te Urewera village of Maungapōhatu to formally agree to the pardon of Rua Kēnana, the Māori prophet who was violently, and illegally, arrested there on sedition charges in 1916. The circumstances and significance of Kēnana's arrest, and the subsequent decline of Maungapōhatu, have been largely overlooked by mainstream New Zealand history.1 New Zealand's architectural history however, 1 While we might hope that the judicial and racial travesty of these events can be isolated to problems of history more contemporary events in Ruatoki provide proof, as if it were required, that as a nation we are yet to so easy throw away our colonial uniforms. See Rae "The War on Terror in Ruatoki." while in no way a culturally comprehensive documentary, has found a special place for Rua Kēnana's isolated Te Urewera community. Credit for this can be attached to Hiona, the remarkable circular courthouse Rua constructed that has, in no small way, become an icon of Māori architecture. That said it is not well appreciated that by the time of Kēnana's detention the ritual functioning of Hiona had been largely abandoned. Indeed, the community of Maungapōhatu needs to be understood as having an architecture of two phases. Hiona was constructed in 1907 during a period of optimism for Kēnana and his followers. But, by 1911, Maungapōhatu was in significant decline, and in 1914 Kēnana began to systematically reconstruct the architecture of his community. Hiona was abandoned and a more conformist meeting house, Tānenui-arangi, was built. At the same time Kēnana reclassified the physical boundaries of the village, clearing areas of dwellings and establishing new spatial hierarchies concerning tapu (sacred) and noa (common) values. In this paper I will be examining photographs available of Maungapōhatu from this timeframe to extract characteristics of its architecture. While some attention will be given to Hiona and the establishment of the village, the emphasis of the research is placed on the second reconstruction period with attention being given to the discernible architectural significance of the changes. This research relies upon historic photographs of Maungapōhatu, so, before beginning WOOD | An examination of photographic records | AHA: Architectural History Aotearoa (2017) vol 14:82-93 83 properly, it is necessary to provide a short background to explain how it is that a village distinguished by its geographic seclusion should have been so well documented in this way. The short answer here is that photography, as an instrument of newspaper reportage, was drawn to the infamy of Rua Kēnana despite the difficulty of the terrain. The origin for his notoriety is located in racial and religious politics of the late nineteenth century, and especially the shadow of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Tūruki, whose militant activities in the 1860s were still fresh enough so that Pākehā New Zealand at the turn of the century still lived with some anxiety of a Māori uprising. The complexities of this period, including Rua Kēnana's claim to be the spiritual "son" Te Kooti had prophesied, cannot be summarised here without excessively simplifying the complex social and cultural tensions of the day.2 However, it would fair to say that despite the remoteness of Maungapōhatu, the rest of the country was never isolated from the popular presence of Rua Kēnana as an emblematic figure for religious heterodoxy and corresponding political dissent by Māori. The principle 2 For a full account of both Te Kooti and Rua Kēnana see Binney Mihaia & Binney Redemption Songs. carriers of this message were the newspapers of the day, and especially those in Gisborne and Auckland, for whom the memory of Te Kooti lent Maungapōhatu the spectre of insurgency. The Poverty Bay Herald is described as being especially antagonistic toward Kēnana activities, but the other important newspaper covering the events at Maungapōhatu, the Auckland Herald, had a more engaged albeit conflicted coverage.3 In 1908, and again in 1916, they sent a reporter to the village to make direct observations. The first of these was at the invitation of Rua and produced a culturally-biased, but remarkably tolerant, view. The second visit carried a far more malicious motive in that the reporter was a part of the armed police detachment sent to arrest Rua in 1916. For the purposes of this research, it is pertinent that both these excursions included a photographer specifically to visually record the significance of Maungapōhatu. On the first occasion it was George Bourne (1875-1924) and the second Arthur Ninnis Breckon (1887-1965). It is from the images available from these two photojournalists that this paper is drawn. Although it might also be said that their 3 Derby The Prophet pp 40-41. images also represent the extent of conventional architectural knowledge we have gleaned from Maungapōhatu. Invariably, architectural attention has focused on Hiona (Zion), the extraordinary tiered, circular and symbolically-ornamented council house dedicated to the governorship of Rua's community. It is easy to see why it has enraptured researchers so. Against the familiar background of gabled whare forms Hiona appears with an entirely exotic and alien architectural presence.4 Derivation mythologies that link it to biblical precidents serve to heighten architectural and theological signification, and it is telling that upon Rua's arrest, in 1916 on charges of sedition armed police were photographed in front Hiona, as though proof were required that the threat contained in this architecture the centre of his persuasion had been neutralised. While the focus on Hiona is deserved, it has inadvertently obscured the fact that it was one building in a highly-stratified and spatiallycomplex compound of structures. Maungapōhatu was divided into two distinct 4 Bourne "'Rua Kenana Hepetipa's wooden circular courthouse and meeting house at Maungapohatu" WOOD | An examination of photographic records | AHA: Architectural History Aotearoa (2017) vol 14:82-93 84 precincts, one inside the other. The outer realm contained the prosaic functions of the community; ordinary domestic dwellings and cooking houses. The inner pa tapu was separated by a fence with two gates, entry through which required all over the age of 12 to change their clothes and purify with water. The sacred realm contained, according to Rosenfeld, Hiona, the House of the Convenant (containing an English Bible), a bank, and Hiruharama Hou "New Jerusalem" the house shared by Rua and his wives placed on high ground and where private liturgical services where conducted.5 For colonial Pākehā – and the photographer was no exception the spatial and ritualistic complexity of this village would have remained mostly invisible, and it is understandable that architectural attention has was placed on "Rua's Temple" as the most obviously divergent and threatening element. Rua is mentioned in the Poverty Bay Herald, in 1907, as nearing completion of "his great temple" in which he planned to accommodate a council of 80 members for the lower chamber, and another 12 for the upper, over 5 Rosenfeld The Island Broken pp 287-288. which he would occupy a throne as king. It ended on a predictably antagonism flourish by emphasising the number of deaths (46), including children, due to the "absurd religious observances impose by Rua on the people."6 However, the following year, The Waikato Argus reported that Dr James Mackintosh Bell, Director of Geological Surveys, had passed 6 "Rua's Doings" p 3. through Wharekopea (Maungapōhatu) where he had been cordially received by Rua, and found the settlement "wonderful" with the feature being a three-storey temple built in "the Egyptian style."7 In another account from Bell, in the New Zealand Times, he offered a fuller description of Maungapōhatu where he describes his amazement at the size and distinctness of a 7 "At Rua's Pah" p 2. Figure 1: "Rua's Temple at the model settlement of Maungapohatu" New Zealand Herald (22 April 1908) p 9. WOOD | An examination of photographic records | AHA: Architectural History Aotearoa (2017) vol 14:82-93 85 settlement in which cleanliness is strictly enforced. Perhaps it has something to do with a de


Sorptions of six pure hydrocarbons and five of their binary mixtures in low density polyethylene have been measured. Composition of the binary mixture sorbed has been determined experimentally by a direct method. Selectivity due to sorption has been shown to constitute a major portion of the permselectivity.

Correlations have been developed to predict the quantity and composition of the binary mixture sorbed in the polymer at any temperature, when the pure compound sorptions at some temperature are known.

On a mesure les sorptions dans un polyethylene de faible densite de six hydrocarbures purs et de cinq de leurs melanges binaires; on a determine experimentalement la composition du melange binaire sorbe, au moyen d'une methode directe. On a constate que la selectivite due a la sorption formait une portion majeure de la perm-selectivite.

On a mis au point des correlations pour prevoir la quantite et la composition du melange binaire sorbe dans le polymere a n'importe quelle temperature, lorsqu'on counait les sorptions des composes purs a une certaine temperature.


FinFET devices are expected to be appropriate candidates for further scaling down logic devices while maintaining short-channel effects under control [1] [2] [3]. In this work, two different characterization methods are used to evaluate the impact of device characteristic dimensions such as the fin height and width on variability and performance. Both techniques can accurately predict the physical dimensions but the current-based method was shown to be more in line with the actual physical profiles. The results have been validated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the within wafer variations.


Maximum likelihood classifier that is often used in classification of satellite images assumes the distribution of each class to Gaussian. Such linear classifier can classify correctly when the case that classification probability of each class is exclusive. Remotely sensed data, however, belong to several classes and have non-linear separable condition. To improve the classification accuracy of non-linear separable data, the application of the single-step multi-layer back propagation neural networks have been studied by many researchers. In this paper, multi-step multi-layer neural networks, so called cooperative learning neural networks, are proposed to classify the non-linear separable satellite data.The cooperative learning neural network consists of extraction networks for each class and an unification network which unifies the extracted values. The unification network is also used for unification of different environments such as time-series data or neighboring regions. The result of the classification of LANDSAT TM data of Nagoya city using the cooperative learning neural network is introduced. Classified image is compared with the detailed digital land cover information (TDT-112) and the images classified using single-step multi-layer neural network, maximum likelihood classifier and fuzzy set reasoning. As the result of the comparison, the cooperative learning neural network classify the remote sensing data more exactly than the other methods.


The functions and construction methods of the late poured band are discussed.Based upon analysis of the strength of concrete and its major influencing factors the relationships between cement grade and average strength and its standards deviation is studied.Key steps for quality control of concrete are emphasized.In the end the application of settlement observation technology in high-rise building construction is discussed in order to ensure engineering quality.


Although the state of Illinois ranks third in the Union in population, wealth and industrial activity, the expenditures of the state government, until the past few years, have been relatively low, in comparison not only with the financial transactions of the national and municipal governments but also with those of the other large industrial states. But this situation has been rapidly changing during the last decade. The biennial appropriation made by the general assembly, which had been about $6,000,000 in 1875 and $10,000,000 in 1895, increased to $16,000,000 in 1905, to $20,000,000 in 1907 and 1909, to nearly $30,000,000 in 1911, to $38,000,000 in 1913 and to $46,000,000 in 1915. This increase has been due partly to the expansion of older state activities, such as charitable and educational institutions, and partly to the inauguration of new functions, such as state roads and a great variety of new executive offices, boards and commissions. As a result of this increase in the amount and importance of state expenditures, attention has been attracted to the methods of authorizing and controlling the state finances, some improvements have been introduced, and proposals have been formulated and presented for a comprehensive budget system. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the former and existing methods, the recent changes, and the proposed plans, which may aid in the general discussion of budget methods in the United States. The fundamental requirements of the present system are to be found in the state constitution. The first constitution (of 1818) prohibited expenditures unless authorized by appropriations, and required a report of receipts and expenditures to be published with the session laws. The present constitution (of 1870) contains


Multiple diverse posttranslational modifications of α‐tubulin such as detyrosination, further cleavage of the penultimate glutamate residue (Δ2‐tubulin), acetylation, and polyglutamylation increase the structural and functional diversity of microtubules.


The considerations presented in this brief are based on findings from four impact studies of youth HMRE programs conducted by organizations awarded five-year grants from the Office of Family Assistance in 2015. We reviewed the final evaluation reports from these studies and had follow-up conversations with the participating grantees and evaluators. Healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) programs for youth provide young people with information on the social and emotional aspects of romantic relationships through structured, classroom-based curricula (Scott et al. 2017). Programs are typically offered as part of a school class, such as health or family and consumer sciences, or as a voluntary afterschool or community-based program. In the short term, these programs aim to improve young people's understanding of romantic relationships and teach them healthy communication and conflict-management skills; in the longer term, HMRE programs aim to prepare young people to develop and maintain healthy, stable romantic relationships beginning in adolescence and extending into adulthood (Alamillo et al. 2021).


The reactions of multifunctional compounds 2a, b, c, 3a, b and 4a, b which were readily obtained from 4-amino-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-3-carbonitrile 1 with orthoesters are described, and derivatives of pyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidines 5, pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole 9, and pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole 10 are synthesized.


A typical data acquisition system consists of individual sensors with necessary signalconditioning, data conversion, data processing, multiplexing, data handling and associated transmission, storage and display system.
In order to optimize the characteristics of a system in terms of performance, handling capacity and cost, the relevant subsystem can be combined together. Analog data is generally acquired and converted into the digital form for the purpose of processing, transmission and
display.
Rapid advances in Personal Computer (PC) hardware and software technologies have resulted in easy and efficient adoption of PCs in various precise measurement and complex
control applications. A PC based measurement or control application requires conversion of real world analog signal into digital format and transfer of digitized data into the PC. A data acquisition system that performs conversion of analog signal to digital data and the digital data to analog signal is interfaced to a pc to implement the functions of a measurement and control
instrumentation applications.
In this project we have used the electromagnetic sensor to acquire the data of a magnetic disk angular velocity, which we have got in mili volts range. This has been further converted approximately into the range of 5 volt by using an instrumentation amplifier of suitable gain
(~20).We then converted the analog voltage into digital by using ADC 0808 and the processing part is done by using ATMEL89c51.In the second case we have used the data acquisition card PCL-207 to interface the amplified output to PC.


Human trabecular bone that encloses the bone marrow (BM) is covered by a single layer of thin, sometimes inconspicuous, flat, elongated (spindle‐shaped) endothelium‐like cells with a round or oval nucleus. These "bone lining" cells, or endosteal cells (EC), form a continuous membrane (endosteum) over the trabecular bone surfaces. In most cases, the composition and thickness of these cells do not vary unless the cells are in intimate contact with hematopoietic tissue. In that instance, they are seen as a single layer adjacent to hematopoietic tissue or as a zone of tightly packed or loosely arranged mononuclear (hematopoietic) cells, some apparently originating from the endosteum. In a reparative process, such as following BM harvest, during which bony trabeculae (BT) are mechanically fratured, these cells are seen giving rise to osteoprogenitor (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) cells. Occassionally, the EC appear similar to BM stromal cells (morphologically and by their association with collagen/reticulin fibers) and are best seen at or near the BT that are cut tangentially. Short processes extending from the EC towards the underlying osteocytes have also been observed, suggesting that a channel of communication exists between them and osteocytes. Our observations, coupled with the experimental findings of others (i.e., that hematopoietic stem cells are concentrated near the endosteum, that cells responsible for BM and stroma regeneration are derived from the endosteal layer, and that high concentrations of hematopoietic colony‐stimulating factors are produced there), indicate that, in addition to functioning as a simple membranous covering layer for BT, the endosteum helps to support osteocytes and maintains mineral homestasis. In addition, these cells contribute to the hematopoietic microenvironment and thereby play a role in regulating hematopoiesis. We also believe that the EC are reminiscent of embryonal‐stage, undifferentiated mesenchyme, which under appropriate regulatory influence, can modulate and transform into cells with hematopoietic potential, stromal cells and osteoprogenitor cells.


The present study aims to linguistically and cognitively analyze all the words comprising three English textbooks taught at advanced levels in a foreign language context. The textual analysis of the books was conducted on the basis of the microstructural approach to schema theory. To this end, eighteen reading passages comprising the textbooks were chosen to be schematically analyzed.  The schemata were parsed, codified and assigned to the semantic, syntactic and parasyntactic domains, which were further subsumed under the genus and species categories. The study was limited to analyzing the semantic, syntactic and parasyntactic domain and genus tokens and types. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were carried out to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were significant differences between semantic domain tokens and types and also syntactic and parasyntactic domain and genus types and tokens. The findings also demonstrated that the semantic schemata were comparatively higher than the syntactic and parasyntactic ones, especially the genus nouns. Additionally, the findings confirmed the empirical and psychological validity of applying schema theory to reading comprehension texts. The implications of the findings are discussed.


THE SUBJECT OF THIS PAPER IS A MODELLING OF A SCANNING system for investigation the surface quality in micro or nano range by using electrochemical impedance technique. Because of the necessity of high dynamic scanning modulus, linear piezo ceramic elements with high resolution and high dynamics are used, allowing application of the scanning system for investigation of granular structures. A virtual modulus is developed on Solid Dynamics 2004+ and a suitable scanning motion of the measured electrode is simulated. Finally the graphs of effective forces and the motion trajectories of piezo elements and end effector are obtained.


Equivalent circuit parameters and performance variables of permanent-split capacitor-run single-phase induction motor can be obtained from dc test, no-load test, locked-rotor test, and using turns ratio as derived from the winding ratio test (the last one is carried out if the design data are not available). In this paper, turns ratio has been replaced by a computed complex voltage ratio, based on an assumption that single-phase motor for parameter transformation can be represented as an ideal transformer. The equations for this complex quantity have been derived that provide an alternative to winding ratio test, which otherwise requires the tedium of a physical test on the motor. The performance variables like input current, power factor, and power consumed by the motor, obtained by the proposed technique, have been compared with those obtained using the conventional techniques as well as with the experimental observations obtained on three fan motors of different ratings. It is observed that the proposed method gives performance variable values closer to the experimental observations in comparison to those obtained using the conventional methods.


The invention relates to a grinding machine for slender shaft workpieces. The grinding machine comprises a grinding machine body, a linear axis-X guide rail, an axis-X dragging plate, an linear axis-Z guide rail, a worktable, a head frame and a tail frame, wherein the axis-X dragging plate is matched with an X lead screw which is arranged on the grinding machine body and is driven by an axis-X servo motor; the linear axis-Z guide rail is arranged on the axis-X dragging plate; the worktable is matched with the linear axis-Z guide rail and is matched with a Z lead screw which is arranged on the axis-X dragging plate and is driven by an axis-Z servo motor; the head frame is arranged at one end of the worktable in a matching mode; the tail frame is arranged at the other end of the worktable; a grinding wheel frame is connected to a grinding wheel frame support in a matching mode; the grinding wheel frame support is connected to a rotary disc; the rotary disc is connected with a rotary disc support which is positioned on and connected to the grinding machine body; a grinding wheel is connected to a grinding wheel shaft of the grinding wheel frame in a matching mode; and an included angle between the axle center line of the grinding wheel shaft and a central connecting line between the head frame and the tail frame is 20-30 degrees. By the grinding machine, radial force which is acted upon the processed slender shaft workpieces can be reduced to decrease the deformation of the workpieces, and thus the grinding precision and the grinding efficiency are improved.


2,4-Dimethyl-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-carbazoyl-isoquinoline (II), 1-chloro-, 1-methoxy-3-carbazoyl-4-methylisoquinoline (VI, X) and a series of their hydrazonic derivatives have been synthesized and tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activities. 1-(1-Chloro-4-methyl-3-isoquinolinoyl)-2-(5-nitro-2-furfurylide ne) hydrazine (VII h) proved to be the most effective in the series (MIC 0.78 micrograms/ml) and was more potent than furazolidone against several strains of S.aureus; the same compound also showed a moderate antifungal activity.


Process for making a flat oral administration form decays or melts rapidly in aqueous medium, releasing active substances in the buccal cavity and orifice or body cavity and containing a matrix formed of one or more water-soluble polymers as base substances, comprising at least one active ingredient and the polymer matrix having voids or cavities whose content differs from the array as to their state of aggregation, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) preparing a solution or dispersion containing at least one polymer water soluble film former and at least one active ingredient; b) foaming of the solution or dispersion by expansion of a dissolved gas, previously adding, if necessary, a foam stabilizing agent; c) extension of the solution or dispersion on a substrate; d) solidification by drying and solvent extraction of the film containing cavities.


Marital status can both reflect and affect individual preferences. We explore the impact of marriage on corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) and find that firms run by single CEOs exhibit higher stock return volatility, pursue more aggressive investment policies, and do not respond to changes in idiosyncratic risk. These effects are weaker for older CEOs. Our findings continue to hold when we use variation in divorce laws across states to instrument for CEO marital status, which supports the hypothesis that marriage itself drives choices rather than it just reflecting innate heterogeneity in preferences. We explore various potential explanations for why single CEOs may be less risk averse.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1926 . This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance .


The nonlinear hereditary behavior that materials such as metals exhibit under certtin conditions of loading and temperature can be represented conveniently by means of a system of differential equations which govern the evolution of the state of the material. We show that for metals this system is defined by means of a vector field in the state space. This enables us to discuss aspects of mechanical behavior, such as creep, rate sensitivity and plasticity in a unified manner and in geometrical terms. Further, we show that essential features of the intricate creep behavior that metals exhibit at elevated temperatures could be represented with two state variables in the case of uniaxial isothermal stressing. The paper closes with a study of implications of a thermodynamic requirement on the abovementioned vector field.


• F riday m orn ing m em bers o f the P layer's club will distribute rooters cards with "B eat S an Diego, th en W histle (ing) in th e D a rk " p rin ted on them . T hese cards have been pa id fo r by the o rgan ization a n d the ra lly com m ittee com bined. T h is is only one o f a num ber o f th ings th a t tb«\ g ro u p has done fo r th e ir p resen t ticket selling cam paign. T h is is a service to th e studen t body a n d P layer's club hopes th a t m em bers o f ¿he studen t body will respond by a tten d in g th is year's fin e selection of plays. Cast fo r "W h is tlin g in th e D a rk " T h e p resen t p lay , "W h is tlin g in the D a rk " w hich is being practiced daily, is sh ap in g in to a fin ished p ro  duction rap id ly u n d e r th e d irection o f M r. F rederic H ile o f th e English departm ent. S tudents who will be seen in th is p ro d u c tio n are C arl J o r  genson, Jam es Lyons, R ichard Kintzell, L loyd B orstlem an, N o rm an Becchio, S tu a rt E lden, P au l W illiam s, Florence A h lm an , Betsy T albo tt, K athleen M acleish, C harles Bowen, Betty Howell, H a ro ld Sanderson, D ouglas D uckham , Bill H ousem an, an d Lewis M oore.


Remote operation of observatories has been a topic of interest for many years. This paper discusses a general approach to determining what it will take to transition from on-site summit nighttime operation to remote nighttime operation of a facility. It is informed by involvement in projects at Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Gemini Observatory, and W. M. Keck Observatory. While these projects had differences, they all shared the goals of upgrading an operating observatory that is on sky every night to improve efficiency of operations without negative impact on science. The approach combines project management (PMI) and systems engineering (INCOSE) methodologies and tools to develop an understanding of the impact on operations, determine scope and requirements for new capabilities as well as additional functionality for existing systems, identify and manage risks, and how to incrementally move toward remote operation by integrating changes into current operations along the way.


Surfactants have been used for decades to enhance the production of hydrocarbons from oil-bearing subterranean formations. Production improvement is tied to optimization of the interaction of surfactant within a given oil/water/rock system. Ideal surfactants will alter the wettability and water/oil interfacial tension. While the mechanism of interfacial tension reduction is well-established, the mechanism of surfactant-driven wettability alteration is still up for discussion. This study aims to give insight into the matter by investigating the surfactant adsorption and desorption process using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) apparatus.
 QCM-D is, in essence, an ultra-sensitive mass balance with nano-gram sensitivity. This technique exposes a sensor to flowing fluid at a controlled temperature and directly measures surface associations through the change in mass over time. Altering the material composition of the sensor surface, SiO2 for quartz and CaCO3 for calcite, and modifying the wettability with North American oil samples gives better representation of the surface interactions present in oil producing reservoirs. Surface activity for an anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and microemulsion surfactant were evaluated to determine both static and dynamic adsorption properties.
 The surfactant systems have drastically different static and dynamic adsorption properties. The charged surfactant had no measurable interaction with the quartz surface at 1 gallon per 1000 gallons (gpt). At higher concentrations the cationic surfactant reacted more slowly than the anionic and left more residual mass on the quartz and carbonate surfaces. Non-ionic surfactants had more measurable mass even at lower concentrations and the non-microemulsion had faster adsorption kinetics and was more resistant to washing off with fresh water than the microemulsion. The impact of job design for the various surfactant interactions with the silica surface was evaluated by altering the pumping schedules for the same volume of surfactant, showing the difference in accumulated residual mass on the surface using low concentrations throughout the fluid or front loading a concentrated plug volume. For charged surfactants, front loading was the least effective method; consistent concentration throughout the pumping schedule was more effective. Fast adsorbing surfactants quickly saturated the surface at high concentrations and had more effective loadings by splitting the surfactant into two equal medium concentration plugs. Ultimately, the surfactants were evaluated for removal of oil from the quartz surface. Without surfactant, very little oil is removed from the surface and it remained oil wet and fluorescent; the addition of surfactant improved the oil recovery by vastly different mechanisms.
 This study provides an understanding of surfactant adsorption processes on rock surfaces and the role of job design for mobilizing hydrocarbons. Understanding surfactant adsorption and its effect on wettability improves the current understanding on the matter.


bjective:The brain temperature is about 0.4-1℃ higher than that of the other peripheral body area. But most of these results have been obtained in normothermic condition. The objective of this study is to evaluate the temperature difference between the brain and axilla in patients under hypothermia. Methods:Sixty-three patients( 37 women and 26 men who underwent craniotomy with implantation of the thermal diffusion flowmetry sensor were included in this study. The temperature of the cerebral cortex and axilla was measured every 2 hours simultaneously. The patient group was divided according to axillary temperature hyper- thermia(over 38℃ normothermia(36-38℃ and hypothermia(under 36℃. Total 1671 paired sample data were collected and analyzed. Results:The temperature difference between the cerebral cortex and the axilla was 0.45±1.04℃ in hyperthermic patients 0.97±1.1℃ in normothermic patients and 1.04±0.81℃ in hypothermic patients. The temperature difference has statistical significance in each group(unpaired t-test p<0.05. Conclusion:From our study the temperature difference between the brain and the axilla in hypothermic condition increased more than that of normothermic state. And in hyperthermic condition the temperature difference decreased.


There is widespread interest in expanding the uptake of home dialysis in North America. While kidney transplantation should be the preferred option in eligible patients, home hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) offer cost-effective options for kidney replacement therapy. In this review, the motivation for promoting home dialysis is presented and the literature supporting it is critically reviewed. Randomized comparisons of home HD and PD to in-center HD have been challenging to conduct and provide limited information. Non-randomized studies are heterogeneous in their design and have often yielded conflicting results. They are prone to bias and this must be carefully considered when evaluating this literature. Home modalities appear to have equivalent clinical outcomes and quality of life when compared to in-center HD. However, the cost of providing home therapies, particularly PD, is lower than conventional, in-center HD. Measures of home dialysis utilization, the philosophy behind their measurement, and important factors to consider when interpreting them are discussed. The importance of understanding measures of home dialysis utilization in the context of rates of kidney failure, the proportion of individuals who opt for conservative care, and rates of kidney transplantation is highlighted and a framework for proposing targets is presented, using PD as an example.