Attempts to increase protein stability by insertion of novel disulfide bonds have not always been successful. According to the two current models, cross‐links enhance stability mainly through denatured state effects. We have investigated the effects of removal and addition of disulfide cross‐links, protein flexibility in the vicinity of a cross‐link, and disulfide loop size on the stability of Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor‐V (CMTI‐V; 7 kD) by differential scanning calorimetry. CMTI‐V offers the advantage of a large, flexible, and solvent‐exposed loop not involved in extensive intra‐molecular interactions. We have uncovered a negative correlation between retention time in hydrophobic column chromatography, a measure of protein hydrophobicity, and melting temperature (Tm), an indicator of native state stabilization, for CMTI‐V and its variants. In conjunction with the complete set of thermodynamic parameters of denaturation, this has led to the following deductions: (1) In the less stable, disulfide‐removed C3S/C48S (ΔΔGd50°C = −4 kcal/mole; ΔTm = −22°C), the native state is destabilized more than the denatured state; this also applies to the less‐stable CMTI‐V* (ΔΔGd50°C = −3 kcal/mole; ΔTm = −11°C), in which the disulfide‐containing loop is opened by specific hydrolysis of the Lys44‐Asp45 peptide bond; (2) In the less stable, disulfide‐inserted E38C/W54C (ΔΔGd50°C = −1 kcal/mole; ΔTm = +2°C), the denatured state is more stabilized than the native state; and (3) In the more stable, disulfide‐engineered V42C/R52C (ΔΔGd50°C = +1 kcal/mole; ΔTm = +17°C), the native state is more stabilized than the denatured state. These results show that a cross‐link stabilizes both native and denatured states, and differential stabilization of the two states causes either loss or gain in protein stability. Removal of hydrogen bonds in the same flexible region of CMTI‐V resulted in less destabilization despite larger changes in the enthalpy and entropy of denaturation. The effect of a cross‐link on the denatured state of CMTI‐V was estimated directly by means of a four‐state thermodynamic cycle consisting of native and denatured states of CMTI‐V and CMTI‐V*. Overall, the results show that an enthalpy‐entropy compensation accompanies disulfide bond effects and protein stabilization is profoundly modulated by altered hydrophobicity of both native and denatured states, altered flexibility near the cross‐link, and residual structure in the denatured state.


This report summarizes the results of a mineralogical and geochemical investigation of fracture-coating phases obtained from archived borehole core and cuttings samples from the western Pahute Mesa-Oasis Valley region. The objective is to provide data needed to validate UGTA flow and transport models for this region. Fracture-lining minerals were characterized using micrographic techniques (SEM-EDS), and selected calcite samples were analyzed for their stable isotope ({sup 13}C/{sup 12}C and {sup 18}O/{sup 16}O) and rare earth element (REE) abundances. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The distribution of fracture-lining mineral phases is a function of primary rock type, the style and degree of syn-depositional alteration, effects of post-depositional hydrothermal alteration, and fracture location relative to recharge waters (in the unsaturated zone) or through going groundwater (in the saturated zone). (2) Fracture-lining minerals within the welded tuff aquifers (principally the Timber Mountain and Paintbrush Tuffs) are characterized by the assemblage calcite + chalcedony + Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides + mixed illite/smectite (in approximate decreasing order of abundance). The predominant mode of host rock alteration is quartzofeldspathic. (3) Interbedded rhyolitic lava flow aquifers are characterized by the fracture-lining assemblage chalcedony + mixed illite/smectite + Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides {+-} calcite {+-} quartz {+-} K-feldspar (inmore » approximate decreasing order of abundance). These include lava flow aquifers from the Thirsty Canyon, Beatty Wash, Paintbrush, and Quartz Mountain groups. The predominant mode of host rock alteration is quartzofeldspathic. (4) Fracture-lining zeolite minerals are abundant only within one of the basaltic lava flow aquifers (Trachyte of Ribbon Cliff) where they occur with chalcedony + calcite + clay minerals. (5) Stable isotope analyses ({sup 13}C/{sup 12}C and {sup 18}O/{sup 16}O) of secondary calcite samples were used to deduce the origin and temperature of formation of the calcite. These data are also useful for constraining the geochemical evolution of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater flowpath models. Two general types of secondary calcite are recognized on the basis of temperature conditions. (6) Low- to moderate-temperature calcite (<45 C) was deposited from local recharge or from ambient regional groundwater flow. It contains carbon from either pedogenic (soil zone) or carbonate bedrock sources, and occurs at depths up to {approx}2200 ft. It commonly forms transparent, euhedral crystals that may reflect recent precipitation from groundwater, especially in ER-EC-4 and -7. (7) High-temperature calcite ({approx}50 to 116 C) was deposited from groundwater that previously equilibrated with carbonate bedrock, and is observed at depths greater than {approx}1900 ft. It typically occurs as dense, opaque crystalline veins. It is most prevalent in wells located within the moat of the Timber Mountain caldera (particularly ER-EC-1, -5 and -6), and was probably deposited under hydrothermal conditions following earlier periods of volcanic activity. (8) Variations in REE patterns for secondary calcite reflect the influence of groundwater chemistry, host rock chemistry, the carbonate source, and the physiochemical conditions of deposition. The partitioning of LREE relative to HREE is influenced by water chemistry (e.g. complexing with HCO{sub 3}{sup -} and SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} ions) and by the preferential substitution of LREE for Ca{sup 2+} in the calcite crystal lattice. (9) Changes in the oxidation state of Ce and Eu are reflected as anomalies in chondrite- and shale-normalized REE plots, and are useful indicators of redox conditions during calcite formation. Strong negative Ce and Eu anomalies are most pronounced in samples from relatively shallow depths, but are not observed in all ''shallow'' samples. In general, comparative studies of REE patterns in secondary calcite with REE patterns in groundwater are needed to determine the applicability of these data for constraining reactive flow and transport models.« less


Basic chromosomal parameters are first reported for two species of hispines and seven cassidines (Chrysomelidae) from Puerto Rico. Physonota (Eurypepla) jamaicensis (Linnaeus) and Charidotella (s. str.) sexpunctata (Fabricius) (both Cassidinae), the latter a potential pest of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), are new records for Puerto Rico. Only P. jamaicensis shows the modal (inferred ancestral) meioformula 8 + Xyp of the subfamily. All other Puerto Rican species studied show increased autosomal counts apparently due to centric fissions followed by pericentric inversions. The two hispines have meioformula 8 + Xyp conforming well with earlier finds. Meiogram, a new term, is defined and used for the first time in this paper.


Radioactive liquid waste has been stored in underground carbon steel tanks for nearly 60 years at the Savannah River Site. The site is currently in the process of removing the waste from these tanks in order to place it into vitrified, stable state for longer term storage. The last stage in the removal sequence is a chemical cleaning step that breaks up and dissolves metal oxide solids that cannot be easily pumped out of the tank. Oxalic acid (OA) will be used to chemically clean the tanks after waste retrieval is completed. The waste tanks at SRS were constructed from carbon steel materials and thus are vulnerable to corrosion in acidic media. In addition to structural impacts, the impact of corrosion on the hydrogen generated during the process must be assessed. Electrochemical and coupon immersion tests were used to investigate the corrosion mechanism at anticipated process conditions. The testing showed that the corrosion rates were dependent upon the reduction of the iron species that had dissolved in solution. Initial corrosion rates were elevated due to the reduction of the ferric species to ferrous species. At later times, as the ferric species depleted, the corrosion rate decreased. On the other hand, the hydrogen evolution reaction became more dominant.


Wireless sensor network,one of the spots in the current information field,could be used for special environmental signal acquisition,processing and transmitting.An approach based on ZigBee technology for temper-ature and humidity monitoring network design and implementation was described.CC2430 microcontroller and digit-al temperature and humidity sensor SHT10 were used to design the temperature and humidity sensor node.AT91R4008 microcontroller,AX88796 Ethernet controller chip and CC2430 microcontroller were used to design the ZigBee wireless gateway.Temperature and humidity sensor node sent data to ZigBee wireless gateway through the RF transceiver.ZigBee wireless gateway transfed data to the monitoring host via EtherNet network.The system had advantages of low power consumption,high reliability,easy networking and stability,and could be widely used in industrial environmental temperature and humidity monitoring.


New photoelectric seven-color observations in the Vilnius system are presented for 65 stars in the region of the open cluster NGC 752. Based on individual stars with accurate photometric classifications, we determine the apparent distance modulus (m-M)=8.38 and the mean reddening to the cluster E(Y-V)=0.027, or E(B-V)=0.034. The mean photometric metallicity for the main-sequence stars, [Fe/H]=-0.14, is found to be slightly lower than that derived for the red clump giants, [Fe/H]=-0.08. This difference suggests that red giants in later evolutionary phases may not have zero-age surface values of [Fe/H]. We made use of the least-squares minimization techniques to fit the Padova theoretical isochrones to the CMD, when the binary star population is taken into account. By varying the distance modulus, metallicity and age, the best match has been found between the seven magnitudes and colors of the observed stars and those of model binaries, which gives the distance modulus by 0.2 mag smaller than that derived from individual stars, i.e., (m-M)=8.18, a closely similar metallicity ([Fe/H]=-0.12), and age of 1.6 Gyr. With these results, the fraction of photometric binaries among the main-sequence stars is ~40%.


We introduce dataset multiplicity, a way to study how inaccuracies, uncertainty, and social bias in training datasets impact test-time predictions. The dataset multiplicity framework asks a counterfactual question of what the set of resultant models (and associated test-time predictions) would be if we could somehow access all hypothetical, unbiased versions of the dataset. We discuss how to use this framework to encapsulate various sources of uncertainty in datasets' factualness, including systemic social bias, data collection practices, and noisy labels or features. We show how to exactly analyze the impacts of dataset multiplicity for a specific model architecture and type of uncertainty: linear models with label errors. Our empirical analysis shows that real-world datasets, under reasonable assumptions, contain many test samples whose predictions are affected by dataset multiplicity. Furthermore, the choice of domain-specific dataset multiplicity definition determines what samples are affected, and whether different demographic groups are disparately impacted. Finally, we discuss implications of dataset multiplicity for machine learning practice and research, including considerations for when model outcomes should not be trusted.


This paper first describes the prototype operator aiding system called MACC, developed and realized by the " Road Test Center " in cooperation with the " Public Works Research institute ". This on-board system displays a real-time two -dimensional colored cartography of the compaction pattern of the work site to inform the compactor operator about the level of energy already spent on the considered compaction area . The system can additionally provide the deferred data recorded for the control of the quality. Some results , achieved in actual field conditions , are then presented and the major developments of the system to contemplate in order to manufacture a standard device are finally discussed.


A tunable dispersion compensator on silicon is proposed and demonstrated by using taper Bragg gratings with engineered heating. The dispersion tuning range is about 5–15 ps/nm in theory.


The equilibrium between a solid protein and its solution was first comprehensively considered by Sorensen & Hoyrup (1917). They concluded from their investigations that egg albumin formed a true solution in water and that the equilibrium between this solution and solid egg albumin was governed by the phase rule. This work was confirmed and extended by Northrop who obtained proteins of sufficient purity to have constant solubilities in solvents of constant composition, the solubility being independent of the amount of solid phase present. They showed, moreover, that, in the case of a protein which had a solubility independent of the amount of solid phase present, a consideration of that part of the solubility curve between the appearan:ce of opalescence and the establishment of constant solubility might demonstrate the presence of an unsuspected impurity. They also demonstrated that some proteins did not conform to 'Multiple Component tein-N/ml. of the solubility test filtrates was also deter- mined and corrected for the diluting effect of the added ammonium sulphate in the same way as the esterase figures were corrected for this factor.


This article describes the integration of ICT in the teacher training centres of Cambodia. It focuses on the collaboration between the Teacher Training Department of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS) of Cambodia and VVOB (Flemish Association for Development Cooperation and Technical Assistance), which is aimed at improving ICT integration in pre-service teacher training. The article firstly provides an overview that outlines the major challenges the country is facing regarding ICT integration in education, and teacher training specifically. Then it will explain the strategy chosen to improve the quality of education, followed by a discussion of the concrete actions that were taken. While the integration is an ongoing process, some intermediate impacts and findings are discussed. This short paper concludes with a look at the challenges lying ahead.


ABSTRACT The article reconstructs how the Italian Radical Party became, from the mid-1960s, the party of 'civil rights', and what its main battles for these rights were between 1967 and 1979. In the Italian political system the Party played a crucial role in the process of re-institutionalization that took place in the 1970s, helping to transfer demands formulated in social and cultural terms since the 1960s to the legislative-institutional level. Making the battle for civil rights the object of their own political action had a systemic meaning for the Radicals – namely, to undermine the dominion of the Christian Democrats and redefine the relations between the political sphere and society. This was closely linked to the political strategy of the party and to the organizational form it gave itself from 1967 onwards. These aspects, however, did not remain unchanged between 1967 and 1979; rather, they fed on the Radicals' evolving vision of Italian society (on its social turmoil) on the one hand, and on the other they reacted to the evolution of the Italian political scenario, in particular to the possibility of building a parliamentary alternative to the Christian Democracy.


The paper first designs sliding mode indirect torque controller. Then, the system's stability is proved by using Lyapunov function. Based on the uncertain of parameters and disturbance's bounds, a kind of parameter neural networks and sliding mode controlling method is utilized to reduce chattering. A novel observer approach of rotor flux is proposed by reference frame's rotation on the basis of traditional voltage-current model, which eliminates cumulative error, noise and time delay's effect from rotor speed estimation. Finally, experiment verifies the proposed approach


Three kinds of 4-t-butyl-1-alkylidene (methylene-, ethylidene- and isopropylidene)cyclohexane were hydrogenated over the group 8-10 transition metal catalysts. The ratios of the stereoisomeric products over Co and Ni catalysts were different from over other noble metal catalysts but the ratios of the trans to the cis products over every catalyst tend to increase with increase of methyl substituents of the C=C double bond. These results are discussed in terms of the intramolecular steric interaction in the adsorption state of substrates. The stereochemistry of 4-t-butyl-1-methylene- and ethylidenecyclohexane by hydroboration and oxymercuration was also examined.


Simulink has been used widely in many fields because of its easy operating and flexibility.The prospect of VR technology is also very attractive,it is an ever-changing new technology with profound impact.Taking the three line-pendulum experiment of physics as an example,the problems of combination of Simulink software and virtual reality programming language in a virtual physics experiments were discussed.The three-dimensional virtual model was created by virtual reality programming language based on the moving environment of the experiment of measuring the moment inertia by three line-pendulum,a simulation system which strictly followed the laws of physics and did not change with people's subjective sense and with more comprehensive and objective was constructed by Simulink.Animations of the three line-pendulum movement in three-dimensional space were given;The physical model of movement of three line-pendulum in the three dimensional space was given,and the detail steps for modeling by Simulink was also given,the movement of the three line-pendulum in three dimensional environment combined with the written VRML file was simulated.The convenience,reliability and scientific properties of the simulation of physical experiment with Simulink and Virtual Reality Toolbox is displayed.The virtual simulation system developed with it will play an important role in education,improvement of teaching quality,interest of student to study and the training of the ability.


Objective
To discuss the effects of comprehensive nursing measures on ICU septic shock patients' resuscitation related index at different time points, in order to summarize the most optimum nursing measures.

Methods
A total of 86 septic shock patients who were treated in ICU of Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected as research objects, and divided them into observation group which was adopted comprehensive nursing model and control group which was adopted normal nursing model according to coin toss random method, with 43 cases in each group. Patients' heart rate (HR) , mean arterial pressure (MAP) , cardiac output index (CI) and oxygen saturation of mixed venose blood (SvO2) at 0 h (T0) , 3 h (T1) and 6 h (T2) were compared between the two groups. Serum C reactive protein (CRP) was detected before and after intervention, and the curative effect was evaluated. The data in this study were collated and analyzed by statistical software SPSS 23.0.

Results
Compared with control group, effective rate of the observation group was 86.05%, and the difference had statistical significance (P 0.05) , but SvO2 and CI increased significantly in T1 and T2, and the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05) . The SvO2 and CI in the observation group were higher than those of the control group in time of T1 and T2, and the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05) . After intervention, the CRP in the observation group (5.14±1.23) mg/L was lower than that in the control group (7.56±1.35) mg/L (P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Comprehensive nursing measures can relatively improve the prognosis of patients with septic shock in ICU ward, improve the level of CRP, and have less influence on the hemodynamics.

Key words:
Nursing care; Intensive care units; Shock, septic; Resuscitation


Preface: The International Conference on Condensed Matters and Advanced Materials (IC2MAM) 2018. The International Conference on Condensed Matters and Advanced Materials (IC2MAM) 2018 was held on 5 September 2018 at the prestigious Graha Cakrawala Hall Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. This conference was financially supported by Universitas Negeri Malang. This conference was organized by the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), in collaboration with Consortium of Materials Science & Technology (KOSATEM), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM), Universitas Brawijaya (UB), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA), Universitas Negeri Makasar (UNM), Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), and Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP). The IC2MAM 2018 means for sharing new ideas and indulging in interactive discussion amongs the researchers, academicians, and industry experts from research areas of condensed matters and advanced materials; from the theoretical perspectives to the technological applications. To be explicit, the conference involves the rapidly expanding fields like theoretical and analysis in materials, computational material science, strong correlated systems, topological order, synthesis and characterization approaches, material science related instrumentations, nanoscience and technology, functional materials, natural-based minerals and complex materials, geomaterials, metal-organic materials, intermetallic compounds, and low dimensional systems. IC2MAM 2018 finally accepted 106 papers from no less than 200 papers after a peer review process by two reviewers. In this conference, 10 parallel sessions were held in order to contribute to specific research field. Finally, extraordinary thanks to all keynote and invited speakers, reviewers, participants, delegates, for contributing and supplying the input for supporting the IC2MAM 2018. Chief Editors Nandang Mufti, MT. Ph.D Conference Logo available in this PDF.


The invention relates to a microwave drying box for water-soluble cloth, and belongs to the technical field of spinning equipment. The integral drying process is divided into five sections, namely comprises the following steps of: levelling, sizing a surface layer, heating initially, heating gradually to the highest temperature, and sizing, wherein a microwave heating box made of metal materials is arranged on the rear part of the finished product heating section, and a microwave generating device is arranged in the microwave heating box. By microwave drying, the problem that the surface of the water-soluble cloth is dried, but the inside of the water-soluble cloth is not dried in the prior art can be solved, the quality of finished products can be improved, and residual quantity can reach 3 to 4 percent.


The self-extinguishing expandable vinylaromatic polymers in granule form a composition based, a. Polymer matrix, and are homogeneously phagocytosed in said polymer matrix, b. Calculate and 3-10 wt% of the expanding system with respect to the polymer (a), c. 0.005 wt% of a brominated flame retardant calculated with respect to the polymer (a), d. Synergist 0.001 wt%, calculated with respect to the polymer (a), e. Of 0.005 to 5 wt%, calculated with respect to the polymer (a), i. Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, the units derived from ammonium groups or melamine pyrophosphate, ii. Melamine polyphosphate, iii. Partially or completely salified polycarboxylic acids, iv. Alkali metal or alkaline earth citrate metal, v. Polyfunctional alcohols having two or more alcohol groups, vi. At least one stabilizing additive, characterized in that it comprises a said composition selected esters of polyfunctional alcohols, from.


The Isthmus of Panama, especially that part of it which now forms the Canal Zone, has been at various times in the past, and is now, one of the great highways of the New World's commerce. Here it is that the Americas and the Old World meet. Despite this fact, little or nothing is known about the majority of the insects that occur there and affect the white man's ability to continue his conquest of the Tropics. In any new region invaded by the white man, his activities sooner or later result in the overturning of the so-called "balance in nature," which is followed by a readjustment. In the Canal Zone the American régime has begun the agricultural development of the region, which in turn has led to a similar development in the adjoining parts of Panama. Thus decided changes have been wrought. Large areas have been denuded of their original tropical vegetation and have been replaced by cities or towns, by extensive pasture lands, or by agricultural projects of various kinds. Likewise, by the impounding of the waters of the Chagres River to form Gatun Lake and to make the Panama Canal possible, over one-fourth of the total area of the Canal Zone was inundated, killing outright all the vegetation growing on it. Such procedure has unquestionably brought about radical changes in the fauna of the region, and the insects living there have died out or become scarce; or they have gone to whatever jungles or other untouched areas were left; or they have adapted themselves to the new order of things, increased in numbers, and become insects of economic importance. It is this last course that the termites, "white ants," or, as they are called in Central America, "comejenes," have largely followed. Several species have become important pests of buildings, while other species are, or promise to be, enemies of growing crops. The hardest kinds of woods are riddled by termites (see PI. 7). The United States Government in recent years has spent no less than $10,000 in repairing damage caused by termites to the woodwork of the Hotel Tivoli at Ancon, C. Z. The woodwork of this hotel is infested by several species of termites.


Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesised at room temperature from silver nitrate using unripe Carica papaya fruit extract as a reducing and capping agent. PH of the reaction solution was adjusted with the addition of sodium hydroxide from pH 5.6 (original pH of the broth) to pH 6.5, pH 7.5 and pH 8.5. Quasi spherical silver nanoparticles were obtained across the studied pH range. The average particle size obtained decreased from 34 nm to 15 nm as the pH of the solution increased from 5.6 to 8.5. From the observations and ultra violet-visible spectrophotometer analysis, the rate of reduction and formation of silver nanoparticles increased as the pH increased. The crystalline nature of the as-synthesised silver nanoparticles in a cubic structure was confirmed by the peaks in X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction. From Fourier transform infrared spectra, it was found that proteins in unripe papaya fruit extract were strongly bounded to the surface of silver nanoparticles as a capping agent. The thin layer of protein coating also further confirmed under high resolution transmission electron microscope. A plausible formation mechanism has been briefly proposed.


This paper proposes the Ring-TCM coded Amplifyand-Forward (AF) cooperative system, achieving both high spectral efficiency and optimized performance. In a cooperative communication network, individual users are encouraged not only to transmit their own data, but also relay other user's data. This relaying transmission creates spatial diversity to combat the effect of individual severe fading and path loss. Since cooperative users utilize some degree of their transmission freedom for relaying other user's data, cooperative transmission results in lowering each user's spectral efficiency. Therefore, a coding scheme with both high spectral efficiency and optimized performance in fading channel would be desirable for a cooperative network. RingTrellis Coded Modulation (TCM) codes is the one of the most suitable schemes to be chosen. Two Ring-TCM coded AF cooperative systems achieving 1 bits / symbol and 1.5 bits / symbol for each user are presented. Our simulation results show that based on achieving the same spectral efficiency, the Ring-TCM codes can achieve a better diversity gain than simply combining a convolutional code with the high order modulation schemes in a cooperative AF scenario.


Introduction: Metastasis is the primary cause of death of prostate cancer patients. Predicting prostate tumor aggressiveness (metastatic potential) to assist treatment strategies is of high importance. Previously, mitochondrial redox scanning (cryogenic NADH/Fp (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/oxidized flavoproteins) fluorescence imaging) of ex vivo tissues has been used to reveal tumor heterogeneity (core-rim pattern) which is found to be highly correlated to tumor aggressiveness in breast cancer and melanoma mouse xenografts [1, 2]. A non-invasive MRI method could serve as a surrogate metabolic imaging biomarkers for tumor metastatic potential. Magnetization transfer (MT) contrast is widely used for quantifying macromolecular concentration based on slow exchangeable protons with 1 kHz), such as Glutamate [3]. Tissue levels of macromolecules and amino acids may be related to tumor mitochondrial redox state by amino acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis. In this study, MT and CEST MRI techniques have been used to characterize prostate tumor heterogeneity and correlate with redox scanning of prostate tumor xenografts in order to identify imaging biomarkers for metastatic potential.


The advent of microrespirometer techniques has greatly facilitated study of gingival tissue because of the small amount of tissue required (5-10 mg. wet-weight tissue versus 40-50 mg. with standard Warburg procedures). The oxygen consumption (Qo2) of normal gingival tissue has been determined by use of both the Warburg manometric techniques and the Stern-Kirk microrespirometers.4 6 However, reports offering data relevant to the effects exerted by concurrent physical changes-such as time, age, sex, and racial factors-still are most meager generally and, except for time, non-existent in regard to gingival tissue. Bach7 in 1944 reported a marked dependence of endogenous respiration of liver tissue upon time, using 20 per cent 02-tension level and the well-standardized Warburg manometric technique. In 1959, Senter, Eiler, and Lee4 appeared to offer some degree of replication with gingival tissue, using the new micro technique, 100 per cent 02-tension level, and reporting their values in Qo2 (N). However, some of their 10 samples were obtained under use of infiltration anesthesia-a condition which could introduce a significant (15 per cent) change in results. Krogh,8 in 1916, studied age as a general factor in oxygen consumption and indicated a maximum respiration in humans at two years, although Benedict and Talbot (1921)9 and Himwich (1945)10 believed this maximum to be reached at an even earlier age. The authors found no reference to study of adult tissue. Sex differences were postulated by Prosser (1950)11 in his mention of the collective work of Benedict, Cathcart, and Talbot.'2-14


The present invention provides a non-film-forming latex of dispersed particles which may be used in an electrophoretic display, comprising: a) a highly fluorinated liquid solvent, and b) dispersed particles comprising a polymer comprising units according to formula I:wherein each (fcp) is independently selected from highly fluorinated polymer chains and each Q is independently selected from -H and straight or branched non-fluorinated polymer chains (hcp). Latexes of dispersed particles having a very small particle size are especially provided.


Abstract Aims Parents of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often struggle with the all‐consuming nature of the demands of caring for a child with substantial physical needs. Our aim was to explore experiences, challenges and needs of parents of a child with SMA in a COVID‐19 pandemic situation. Method Nineteen parents of 21 children (15 months to 13 years of age) with SMA types 1–3 participated in semi‐structured interviews in June to July 2020. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Parents mentioned the protection of the health and well‐being of the child as the central perspective and driving force during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Three subthemes were identified: (1) responsibility, (2) balancing vulnerability and resilience and (3) (in)security. Some parents focused on the positive aspects during the lockdown, such as continuation of nusinersen treatment and family life. Some parents described helpful and positive cognitions to cope with the situation. In general, parents described a need for information with regard to COVID‐19 and their child with SMA and a need for discussing their dilemmas and insecurities with a healthcare professional. Interpretation Parents put the health and well‐being of their children first during the pandemic. From this study, we learned that parents of children with SMA need information and value direct contact with a healthcare professional to share their dilemmas and insecurities. The dialogue can help to empower parents in the conflicts and decisions they have to make during a pandemic.


The Chronic Care Workstation (CCWS) has been developed for the rehabilitation and the follow-up of chronic patients. It facilitates access to the medical professionals-in particular in the field of rehabilitation-of support information that permits them to sustain better attention to and follow-up of their patients. The CCWS allows the management of patient data, the presentation of their clinical history, the elaboration of a patient's agenda (activity modules) and a future care plan that involves the interaction of medical agents and social services. Furthermore, it makes possible the conference of generalized rehabilitation protocols and the customization of these protocols.


We study the potential of $\gamma \gamma$ option of future high energy linear $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders to search for excited electrons with spin-1/2. We calculate single production cross sections, give the angular distributions and $f-m^*$ contour plots for $\sqrt{s}=0.5$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV both using the standard (tree level) couplings and anomal couplings.


A cIistri1)iitecI computer system that consists of a set of heterogeneous host computers connected by a single cha.nne1 coriiiiiunica.tions network is considered. We focus on a performance compa.rison of a.claptive and static load balancing policies by using simulation methods. In adaptive 1oa.d Ixilaiicing, we take account of the overhead of state informa.tion eschiinge aiid the delay of state information transfer explicitly. One static 1oa.d t)alancing policy: SI0 (Sta.tic Individually Optimal) i n wliicli the expected respoiise time of every job is attempt.ecl to he minimized, a.nd two a.daptive load balancing policies: A D \ W T (ADa.ptive Virtual Waiting Time) which is ii.n a.cla.ptive version of the SI0 policy and HOMO (HOl\/lOgeneous) in nrliicli the number of jobs in every node is a.tt,empt,ed to be equalized, a.re simula.ted and their performances are compared. We show that, at light and moderate system loads, tlie S I 0 policy niay have performance comparable t.0 that of a.cla,ptive load balancing policies and that tlie ADVWT policy provides substantial performance improvement over the case where there is no load balancing. We also slioiv t1ia.t tlie HOMO policy does not seein to be effect.ive in heterogeiieous systeiiis, since it yields much worse performance than tlie S I 0 policy at light and moderate system loa.ds.


High-peak power compact femtosecond lasers allow strong-field interactions that are the basis for high-precision laser processing. However, such lasers are typically operated in a very narrow spectral (515 nm – 1030 nm). In this work, we present a comprehensive study on modifications in dielectrics (fused silica and sapphire) and semiconductors (silicon) induced by femtosecond pulses (< 200 fs) covering a spectral range from 258 nm to 4000 nm. The determination of the wavelength-dependent fluence modification thresholds (ablation and amorphization) and 3D modification topographies allow to discuss the effect of drastically changing nonlinear ionization responses. It also serves to fully evaluate the potential of the wavelength as control parameter to improve machining performances, including resolution and precision.


The present invention relates to a method for producing stable aqueous polycarbodiimide dispersions to be used as a crosslinking agent, a first polyisocyanate and a mono-containing hydrophobic group - after or polyisocyanate from the isocyanate functional polycarbodiimide manufacturing the imide, an isocyanate functional group or part thereof a hydrophilic amine-or hydroxy-functional compound and the reaction and the remaining isocyanate-amine containing a hydrophobic group to a group - is reacted with or hydroxy-functional compound polycarbodiimide chain the capping and / or extended and that the obtained product sikimyeo disperse in water, adjusting the pH to 9-14. Wherein the hydrophobic group is a hydrocarbon group of a carbon number of 4 to 25, a fluorinated hydrocarbon, a silicone functional hydrocarbon or a polysilicon. The invention also relates to a cured material obtained by using the coating mixture and coating mixture to the polycarbodiimide dispersion is used as a crosslinking agent. Polycarbodiimide dispersion, a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking agent


A special thank you to the Minnesota Department of Transportation for project support. Photos courtesy of: Explore Minnesota, Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal, and The Star Tribune, Bike Walk Move, and University of Minnesota. Overall summary • Perceived bike safety & most transportation attributes did not significantly differ among groups, despite contrary findings in past literature • Twin Cities bike culture may provide a higher sense of safety due to existing infrastructure • The overall perception of commuting by bike might be a more important factor than perceived bike safety • Changing people's perception of biking as not only a recreational activity, but also a commute mode, may be a useful strategy to promote active transport


the most significant feature ofthe polar ocean environment. Annual cycles ofsea-ice cover and their interannual variationscontribute significantly to changes in surface re-flectivity and turbulent heat fluxes from theEarth's surface that affect high-latitude climatesensitivity. Polar sea ice also influences the deep-water formation in the world ocean. We knowlittle about sea-ice conditions before the late nine-teenth century. Consistent weekly mapping of iceextent in the Arctic seas dates from the early 1950sand for the Antarctic from the 1970s. Moreover,the fractional coverage (or concentration) of seaice in the interiors of the polar packs was largelyunknown until the advent of polar-orbiting sat-ellites.In the polar regions, records for meteorologicaland oceanographic data are short, and the obser-vations are poorly distributed geographically. Forexample, the Arctic Basin and Antarctic Oceanhave less than 30 long-term surface-reporting sta-tions to cover areas in each hemisphere equivalentto the size of the contiguous United States. Al-though coordinated exploration began in the latenineteenth century during the First InternationalPolar Year, 1882-1883, virtually all continuouslyoperating stations in the North American Arcticdate from _ 1950 and in the Antarctic from theInternational Geophysical Year in 1957. Giventhe sparse data base and short-duration recordsavailable, environmental research in the polar re-gions must rely heavily on remotely sensed dataand on information compiled over short periodsfrom single-site projects and expeditions.Over the past 2 decades, remote sensing by sat-ellite has played an increasingly important role in


Motivation Bots can alleviate the workload of instructors supporting students in large course Q&A platforms, but it's not clear whether students will be receptive to the use of automated assistants in this setting. Objectives We aim to observe student reactions when they encounter bot-generated follow-ups to Q&A board posts. We investigate the effect of revealing that a bot, rather than a human, is suggesting that the current post is a duplicate. Methods Our bot revealed or hid its bot identity when suggesting duplicate posts, with the condition selected randomly. We observed students' reactions in both conditions. A post-course survey was distributed to collect students' demographic data, previous experiences with bots, and attitudes toward our bot. Results We observed a slight increase in students' response rate when the bot hid its identity. We compared the positive response rate in both conditions and did not find evidence suggesting that students had less trust in bot-generated answers. From the survey, we only saw minimal direct evidence that students might mistrust the bot: 7 of 59 students reported worries about receiving an inaccurate bot-generated answer. Other students were concerned that they would not receive attention from an instructor. Discussion We did not find evidence that revealing the bot's identity has a negative impact on student reactions. However, future bot design should consider the emotional impact of deploying a bot as there may be negative emotional effects to receiving a bot-generated response.


Submitted for the OSS13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Radiation Recoil Effects on the Dynamical Evolution of Asteroids DESIREE COTTO-FIGUEROA, THOMAS S. STATLER, Ohio University — The thermal reemission from irregularly shaped bodies results in a torque that can change the rotation rate and the orientation of the spin axis. We present the results of the first simulations that self-consistently model the YORP effect on the spin states of dynamically evolving aggregates. We follow the evolution of aggregate objects computing the sequence of spin states and YORP torques through which they evolve as the changing spin alters their shape, which subsequently changes the YORP torques. The YORP effect has an extreme sensitivity to the topography of asteroids (Icarus 202, 501-513). If the spin-driven reconfiguration leads to a shape of the aggregate that is nearly symmetric, the YORP torques could become negligibly small or even vanish. This would imply a self-limitation in the evolution of the spin state. Moreover, subsequent reconfigurations could lead to a random walk making the evolution of the spin state completely stochastic. An extensive and statistical analysis of the simulations is conducted to determine whether or not the spin evolution is stochastic and whether the YORP effect is self-limiting. Desiree Cotto-Figueroa Ohio University Date submitted: 22 Feb 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


[reaction: see text] The reaction of CH(4) with CO(2) has been performed in anhydrous acids using VO(acac)(2) and K(2)S(2)O(8) as promoters. NMR analysis establishes that the primary product is a mixed anhydride of acetic acid and the acid solvent. In sulfuric acid, the overall reaction is CH(4) + CO(2) + SO(3) --> CH(3)C(O)-O-SO(3)H. Hydrolysis of the mixed anhydride produces acetic acid and the solvent acid. When trifluoroacetic acid is the solvent, acetic acid is primarily formed via the reaction CH(4) + CF(3)COOH --> CH(3)COOH + CHF(3).


[Objective] To separate enantiomers of gossypol. [Methods] L-threo(-)-1-(p-nitophenyl)-1,3-dihydroxy propylamine-2 was found to be a useful resolving agent for racemic gossypol. In this paper column chromatography was used to separate enantiomer gossypols. [Results] The final product is identified by HPLC、IR、NMR、Melting point and optical rotation. [Conclusion] The method is simple and reproducible.


The object of research іп this work is the networks of hnear automates. The following problems were under consideration: 1) the problem of minimal time restitution of input signals іп networks, consisting of hnear automates, whhout information losses by observation of the mput signal and whh known initial state; 2) the problem of mput signals restitution whh minimal time and minimal addhional expenses іп network, consistiпg of hnear automates, having the general form, by observation of the mput signal and whh known initial state. The algorithm, solving this problem, was suggested.


The metalation of protic dinucleating ligands using [Cu5Mes5] allowed us to avoid any disproportionation and obtain dinuclear copper(I) complexes appropriate for reactivity studies.


Short CCR2 on cells from patients Abstract Chemokines play a pivotal role in homeostatic and inflammatory migration of naïve and activated NK subsets. Recent studies have shown that aberrant chemokine receptor expression on certain immune cells underlies the pathogenesis of clinical conditions in which recruitment of such cells is altered. A progressive accumulation of activated NK cells, subsequently resulting in the formation of chronic granoulomatous lesions in the respiratory tract and the skin, has been described in a number of TAP2-deficient patients at later stages of their disease. Therefore, the present study was set out to elucidate whether dysregulation of chemo-attracting receptors expression on NK cells could explain abnormal navigation of these cells in TAP2-deficiency. High-throughput proteomic comparison, followed by verification with flow-cytometry, revealed that chronically activated NK cells derived from three newly identified TAP2-deficient patients consistently expressed aberrant levels of CCR2 chemokine receptor in vitro and in vivo. This expression pattern translated into specific responsiveness of chronically activated NK cells derived from TAP2-deficient patients to multiple ligands of CCR2. Moreover, the in vivo elevated levels of IL-2 and MCP-1 detected in serum and bronchio-alveolar lavage samples derived from these patients highlight the potential involvement of CCR2 pathway in aberrant NK cell retention at chronic inflammatory sites. expression and CCR2 mediated NK cell responsiveness are provided in vivo. Potential implications of our findings on fundamental immunological scenarios in TAP2-deficient patients are discussed. Human NK cells can be divided based on their cell surface levels of CD56 (NCAM1) and CD16 (Fc γ RIII) into two distinct subsets- CD56 dim CD16 + NK cells which constitute about 90% of circulating peripheral blood NK cells, while the majority of the remaining belong to the CD56 bright CD16 low NK cells 15 . The CD56 dim subset is more cytotoxic, while the CD56 bright subset is more potent at cytokine secretion and is found in T cell para-cortical area in human lymph nodes 16,17 . Previous works that characterized chemokine receptor expression on both resting (un-stimulated) NK subsets has demonstrated a dramatic difference in chemokine receptor expression between them 14,18 . Our analysis on polyclonal unactivated (freshly isolated) purified NK cells obtained from 23 healthy donors verified the previously reported obvious differences in chemokine receptor expression patterns between unactivated CD56 dim and CD56 bright NK subsets (Figure 2 A and B) 14,18 . Before examining NK chemokine receptor expression on CANK cells in TAP2-deficient patients, we wanted to thoroughly characterize normal levels for chemokine receptor expression on healthy donor derived CANK cells generated in our in vitro activation model system and with our reagents in order to define normal base line expression levels for each receptor on CANK cells. Additionally, we wanted to examine whether there are different patterns of chemokine receptor expression on CD56 dim CD16 + and CD56 bright CD16 low NK subsets after prolonged activation. results show that sustained NK stimulation induced profound changes in chemokine receptor cell all polyclonal CANK form Semi quantative RT-PCR analysis for CCR2 levels was performed on cDNA libraries obtained. Healthy donor derived cDNA was from an mRNA pool purified from numbers of CANK cells derived from 7 different healthy individuals. cDNA obtained from 1106 melanoma cell line was used as a negative control for CCR2 receptor. RT-PCR analysis was performed to compare intensities of CCR2 levels on CANK cell lines between healthy donors and (A) mother, TAP2-deficient patients A, B and C (B-D, respectively). One independent experiment out of four performed is shown.


which is reason alone to rejoice, but also a cause for celebration among Israel. John and his role as preparing the way for Jesus shows us that even when desperate longings are met by God, longings that we believe will make us happy and whole, they may not only be met, but far surpassed. Zechariah's song gives glory to God for fulfilling what 'he spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from of old'(Lk. 1:70), and recognized the important role of his son, John, as a servant to the Lord. Zechariah's song is an outpouring of praise for the awesome work of God throughout history and continuing today.


During the last ten years, many efforts were made to develop corrections and processing strategies dedicated to the coastal altimetry observations. Ever since, the coastal altimetry data has proved to be of high value in many scientific and industrial applications. This paper gives an overview of some of NOVELTIS recent projects related to coastal altimetry, from the products improvement and assessment to the promotion of coastal altimetry through the development of new added-value products.


AIM: To find out the correlation between clinical grade of hepatic encephalopathy and different serum ammonia levels, namely, serum arterial ammonia, serum venous ammonia, partial pressure of ammonia in arterial plasma and partial pressure of ammonia in venous plasma. METHODS: After informed consent from patients or their relatives, 100 patients in hepatic encephalopathy due to advanced liver disease, were examined for their clinical grade of hepatic encephalopathy within 24 hours of admission. Fasting arterial and venous blood samples were collected and sent to lab within 30 minutes. ection. Blood pH was measured in both samples for each patient. Ammonia levels were measured directly by an enzymatic UV-Method. Partial pressure in a given sample was calculated by the recommended formula, using total ammonia and blood pH of the respective sample. RESULTS: Maximum number of patients (53%) in this study was in clinical grade I of hepatic encephalopathy, 30% were in grade II, and 12% were in Grade III. Only 5% were in grade IV. While comparing means of serum arterial ammonia (0.26049), serum venous ammonia (0.264), partial pressure of ammonia in arterial blood (4.520) and partial pressure of ammonia (4.357) in venous blood with clinical grades of hepatic encephalopathy, they increased with increasing clinical grade of hepatic encephalopathy with p-values of 0.001, 0.01, 0.002, and 0.003 respectively. Partial pressure of ammonia in venous blood was most strongly associated with hepatic encephalopathy (p-value 0.001) followed by serum venous ammonia (p-value 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Total arterial ammonia, total venous ammonia, partial pressure of arterial ammonia, & partial pressure of venous ammonia, all are positively and significantly correlated with worsening clinical grades of hepatic encephalopathy. Partial pressure of ammonia in venous blood followed by that in serum venous ammonia were most strongly associated with grade of hepatic encephalopathy.


AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of citrulline malate (CIT) supplementation on aerobic and muscular endurance in young adult males. Eighteen young adult men (age: 21.5 ± 2.7 years) were randomized into two groups (Citrulline malate - CIT and Placebo - PLA; N = 9/group ) and received the respective supplements for 7 days. The CIT group was supplemented with 6 g CIT + 6 g dextrose (total: 12 g), while the PLA group received the same amount (12 g) of dextrose. At the pre- and post-supplementation, the following variables were analyzed: aerobic (maximal treadmill test, Tmax) and muscle (repetitions maximum test, Rmax) endurance tests, as well as mean and maximum heart rate (HR) in Tmax and ratings of perceived exertion (PSE) in Rmax. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between CIT and PLA groups in time until exhaustion in Tmax, total repetitions in Rmax, maximal HR and PSE from pre- to post-supplementation. The mean HR was statistically lower (P < 0.05) in the CIT group compared to the PLA in the Tmax. In conclusion, supplementation of CIT (6 g / day) does not improve aerobic and muscular endurance, as well as maximal HR or PSE in healthy young adults, despite reducing the mean HR during the maximal incremental test.
Keywords: Endurance Training. Dietary Supplements. Physical Functional Performance. Citrulline. Nitric Oxide.
ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementacao de citrulina malato (CIT) sobre a resistencia aerobica e muscular em homens adultos jovens. Em um desenho experimental randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado com placebo, dezoito homens adultos jovens (idade: 21,5 ± 2,7 anos) foram randomizados em dois grupos (Citrulina malato – CIT e Placebo – PLA; N = 9/grupo) e receberam os respectivos suplementos por um periodo de 7 dias. O grupo CIT foi suplementado com 6 g de CIT + 6 g de dextrose (total: 12 g), enquanto o grupo PLA recebeu a mesma quantidade (12 g) de dextrose. Nos momentos pre e pos suplementacao as seguintes variaveis foram analisadas: resistencia aerobia (teste incremental maximo em esteira rolante, Tmax) e muscular (teste de repeticoes maximas, Rmax), bem como a frequencia cardiaca (FC) media e maxima no Tmax e a analise da percepcao subjetiva de esforco (PSE) no Rmax. Nenhuma diferenca significante (P > 0,05) foi encontrada entre os grupos CIT e PLA no tempo ate a exaustao no Tmax, total de repeticoes no Rmax, FC maxima e PSE do momento pre para o pos suplementacao. A FC media foi estatisticamente (P < 0,05) menor no grupo CIT comparado ao PLA no Tmax. Em conclusao, a suplementacao de CIT (6 g/dia) nao melhora a resistencia aerobica e muscular, bem como a FC maxima ou PSE em adultos jovens saudaveis, apesar de reduzir a FC media durante o teste incremental maximo.
Palavras-chave: Treino Aerobico. Suplementos Nutricionais. Desempenho Fisico Funcional. Citrulina. Oxido Nitrico.


Four patients, aged 8 months to 4 years, were found to have anaemia and absence of red cell precursors in the bone marrow. Granulocytes and platelets were normal. The disease was probably acquired and all patients recovered spontaneously or after prednisone treatment. It is suggested that these patients should be diagnosed as 'transient erythroblastopenia' to differentiate this disease from congenital hypoplastic anaemia.


Through extensive front-line survey and research,the article analyses the present situation and existing problems in Shanghai road maintenance area.Based on the experiences of daily management,the article discusses the marketing reform,construction of credit evaluation system,generalizing of supervision system,and the promotion of labor management.At the end,the article puts forward suggestions for the improvement of road daily maintenance management.


Owning to the instantaneous nonlinear characteristics of the vibration signals from the diesel engine,a new method for identifying the characteristic frequency band is put forward by adopting its IMF component.The vibration signals from diesel engine is disposed by using of EMD method and the IMF components with respond to main interference factors is eliminated,then the true vibration signal from diesel engine can be gotten by reconstructing the remaining IMF components.The results revealed that the being reconstructed signal can reflect the true trend of cylinder block vibration for the diesel engine.


The experiments on the transmission of Babesia U sp.and Theileria annulata with ticks were carried out to demonstrate that Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum is important for bovine piroplasmosis.The results showed that Hyalomma a.anatolicum was capable of transmitting Babesia U sp.transovarially in nymphal(2/2) and adult(3/3) stages respectively,and that it also transmitted Theileria annulata transtadially in nymphal(2/2) and adult(2/2) stages,and that larval and nymphal progeny of Hylomma a.anatolicum infected by Babesia U sp.could be still infected by Theileria annulata and the nymphs(2/2) and adults(2/2) developed from them could transmit Babesia U sp.and T.annulata to the calves without changes in incubation period and clinical signs.


Public participation is commonly advocated for as part of policy responses to climate change. This study examines the prospects for inclusive approaches to climate change adaptation, drawing particularly on studies of long-term climate change adaptation in a coastal region in Bangladesh. It has been suggested that public perception, knowledge, and participation are important goals in the process of formulating response to climate change risks. This study found that local people as well as other stakeholders who participated in the study were more or less familiar with the term "climate change." However, the participants' understanding of what the term means and climate change's causes varied widely. The results also showed that a large number of the participants were uncertain about the solution to the climate change problems they are already experiencing, due to lack of accessible information from different governmental and non-governmental sources. It is notable that, despite being a country with a high level of political commitment to dealing with climate change, supported by plans, programs, and interventions, the people of Bangladesh are largely unaware of these efforts. This study explores the Social Ecological Inventory (SEI) tool as a means of managing the governance system for climate change adaptation in order to explore the public's perception of, knowledge about, and participation in developing adaptation plans. In this study, we used the SEI tool to systemically map the values, motives, activities, knowledge, and experiences of different actors over time and in different networks in order to prepare the ground for participation in developing climate change adaptation plans by helping identify and select the most appropriate set of actors to work with; build trust between these different actors; and, finally, reach a consensus among actors on how to enhance a region's sustainability and resilience.


. The Edgeworth expansion is a series that approximates a probability distribution in terms of its cumulants. One can derive it by first expanding the probability distribution in Hermite orthogonal functions and then collecting terms in powers of the sample size. This paper derives an expansion for posterior distributions which possesses these features of an Edgeworth series. The techniques used are a version of Stein's Identity and properties of Hermite polynomials. Two examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy of our series.


Protein kinase A and protein kinase C are involved in processes that enhance glutamate release at glutamatergic nerve terminals. However, it is not known whether these two kinases co‐exist within the same nerve terminal, nor is it clear what impact their simultaneous activation may have on neurotransmitter release. In cerebrocortical nerve terminals, co‐application of forskolin, which increases cAMP levels and activates protein kinase A, and 4β‐phorbol dibutyrate, a direct activator of protein kinase C, synergistically enhanced the spontaneous release of glutamate. This enhancement exhibited both tetrodotoxin‐sensitive and tetrodotoxin‐resistant components. Interestingly, the tetrodotoxin‐resistant component of release was not observed when cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium‐ and phospholipid‐dependent protein kinase (PKC) were activated separately, but developed slowly after the co‐activation of the two kinases, accounting for 50% of the facilitated release. This release component was dependent on voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels that opened spontaneously after PKA and PKC activation and occurred in the absence of Na+ channel firing. These data provide functional evidence for the co‐existence of PKA‐ and PKC‐signalling pathways in a subpopulation of glutamatergic nerve terminals.


This numerical study examines the importance of self-consistently accounting for transport and electrostatics in the calculaiton of semiconductor/metal Schottky contact resistivity. It is shown that ignoring such self-consistency results in significant under-estimation of the contact resistivity. An explicit numerical method has also been proposed to efficiently improve contact resistivity calculations.


In this paper a new type of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is designed to make the closed-loop linear system asymptotically stable and strictly quadratic dissipative. First, we give a state-space realization for such PID controller and then derive the state-space realization of closed-loop system. Second, a necessary and sufficient condition ensuring the closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable and quadratic dissipative is derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Based on this result, the explicit expression for the PID controller gains is presented. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.


SYNOPSIS AND INTRODUCTION: The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has spawned a large and impressive body of "event studies." Conditional on the maintained hypothesis of market efficiency, these studies test the "information content" of events such as accounting earnings releases (Fama 1991). However, the notion of "information content" of accounting earnings has not been formally defined, except implicitly-via the way it is calibrated in event studies-as percent price change (risk and size adjusted) associated with earnings releases. In the assumption of belief homogeneity underlying the original formulation of EMH, where no competitive non-null trading is expected in equilibrium, price changes will reflect fully the public announcement (see, e.g., Grossman and Stiglitz 1980). Hence, price changes will, conditional on the endowment and preferences configuration and on prior homogeneously held beliefs, constitute a one-to-one mapping with the belief change induced by the earnings release, and could be adopted as an operational definition of information content (IC). However, admitting the possibility of belief-change heterogeneity into the analysis brings into question the theoretical validity and plausibility of this operational definition. Competitive trading that becomes possible as a result of disagreement would perturb the one-to-one mapping between price change and belief change induced by the earnings release. In any case we no longer have a well-defined single construct reflecting heterogeneous belief changes. Under belief homogeneity the market acts as if it were a single decision-maker whose belief change theoretically reflects and calibrates the value or "content" of information.' Once we allow for


A real-time overload control system of automobile based on C8051F MCU is presented, and it's measuring principle and design of hardware and software are analyzed. This system can complete signal acquisition and processing, the wireless communication, LCD displaying, alarming and park controlling and so on. Through real-time stress testing for vehicle load-bearing beams force of specific point, it can monitor whether the vehicle load is normal or not, arouse alarm equipment, and the car parking control. By this method, the control system can greatly improve the automobile driving safety, and cut down the overloaded vehicles damages for highway. Thus it can reduce the incidence of traffic accidents.


—Activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β‐glucuronidase have been estimated in the brain tissues, using various subcellular particles, in growing thyroidectomized rats and also using cytoplasmic extracts free from debris and nuclear fraction in young hypothyroid animals. Hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity was markedly reduced after thyroidectomy but the enzyme was brought back to normal levels by thyroxine treatment. There was no change, however, in the activity of neural glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase after thyroidectomy. In the thyroidectomized animals an increase only in the free acid phosphatase activity in the neural synaptosomes was found and this increase in activity was not counteracted by administration of thyroxine. In the hypothyroid young animal β‐glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were found to be affected during development.


We present absorption properties of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) sampled in six different water bodies along extreme altitudinal, latitudinal, and trophic state gradients. Three sites are in Norway: the mesotrophic Lysefjord (LF), Samnangerfjord (SF), and Røst Coastal Water (RCW); two sites are in China: the oligotrophic Lake Namtso (LN) and the eutrophic Bohai Sea (BS); and one site is in Uganda: the eutrophic Lake Victoria (LV).

The site locations ranged from equatorial to subarctic regions, and they included water types from oligotrophic to eutrophic and altitudes from 0 m to 4700 m. The mean CDOM absorption coefficients at 440 nm [aCDOM(440)] and 320 nm [aCDOM(320)] varied in the ranges 0.063–0.35 m-1 and 0.34–2.28 m-1, respectively, with highest values in LV, Uganda and the lowest in the high-altitude LN, Tibet.

The mean spectral slopes S280-500 and S350-500 were found to vary in the ranges of 0.017–0.032 nm-1 and 0.013–0.015 nm-1, respectively. The highest mean value for S280-500 as well as the lowest mean value for S350-500 were found in LN. Scatter plots of S280-500 versus aCDOM(440) and aCDOM(320) values ranges revealed a close connection between RCW, LF, and SF on one side, and BS and LV on the other side.

CDOM seems to originate from terrestrial sources in LF, SF, BS, and LV, while RCW is characterized by autochthonous-oceanic CDOM, and LN by autochthonous CDOM. Photobleaching of CDOM is prominent in LN, demonstrated by absorption towards lower wavelengths in the UV spectrum. We conclude that high altitudes, implying high levels of UV radiation and oligotrophic water conditions are most important for making a significant change in CDOM absorption properties.

Considering all study sites, we find a strong negative linear relationship between the base-10 logarithm of aCDOM(440) and the spectral slope S280-500, and also between the base-10 logarithm of aCDOM(320) and the spectral slope S280-500.


Editor,—I read with interest the leader by Veronique Billat entitled "Vo2 slow component and performance in endurance sports".1 Oxygen uptake kinetics in general, and the aetiology of the Vo2 slow component phenomenon in particular, are certainly topics of great conceptual and practical importance. However, there were several points of contention within Dr Billat's article that should be brought to the attention of readers so that an informed and balanced debate can take place.

Dr Billat states that "A high range of work (rates) can be identified at which there is a sustained increase in blood lactate . . .with time. These responses decline back towards a baseline value." These two sentences, which are applied to a description of the physiological responses to moderate intensity exercise, are clearly inconsistent. It is also stated that during moderate exercise "oxygen uptake stabilises at about 80% in high level marathon runners". This suggests that Vo2 will reach a steady state close to 80% Vo2max irrespective of the absolute work rate within the moderate exercise intensity domain. However, it should be remembered that moderate intensity exercise is, by definition, any exercise that is performed below the lactate threshold. Therefore constant load moderate exercise can lead to the attainment of a steady …


Abstract Rembrandt's etching The Three Trees of 1643 has a fair claim to being the single most celebrated and familiar landscape in Dutch art. Most of the attention it has received has dwelt on its sheer power and richness as an image, which are unparalleled in the master's graphic work in the genre. But The Three Trees also marks a critical nexus in Rembrandt's art between the languages of painting and printmaking, which in landscape at least entails a further distinction between 'poetic' and realistic modes of representation. As a subject in its own right, landscape had not drawn his interest until the second half of the 1630s, and it was only in 1640 that he began making landscape etchings. Unlike his painted landscapes, which began earlier and are mainly rather fanciful and romantic, the prints focus on the prosaic realities or the countryside around Amsterdam. Moreover, these etched landscapes belong to a broader trend toward 'prose realism' in Rembrandt's art during the 1640s, as baroque torsion and dynamism give way to quieter formal Structures, where the unities are generally less fluid, more complex, and carry a more direct sense of encounter with everyday reality.


We have found numerous eggs of neritic copepods in sea-bottom sediments. Eggs of 6 species of calanoid copepods: Tortanus forcipatus Giesbrecht, Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, Acartia erythraea Giesbrecht, A. clausi Giesbrecht, Centropages abdominalis Sato and C. yamadai Mori are described and illustrated. The possibility that these eggs "rest" in the sediments, and their biological significance, are briefly discussed.


Determining the government benefits to which clients may be entitled and constructing optimal benefits plans are complex cognitive tasks requiring distinctively legal forms of expertise. Artificial systems that can perform parts of these tasks are of both immense practical value and significant research interest in legal informatics. Building such systems moreover offers insights into how lawyers reason (or should reason) about benefits maximization. This article characterizes the possibilities and problems of modelling the knowledge of the benefits practitioner, highlights aspects of that effort that seem to require artificial intelligence techniques, and sketches an analytical framework in which prior and ongoing work can be structured. A working system created by the author that exhibits some of the desired behavior is described:


/. D. Blake joined the Australian Communist Party in 1924 at the age of fifteen. Born in Newcastle, in the north of England, he came to Australia with his family in 1922. After working briefly on a farm and at Hoskins' iron and steelworks he began work in the State Coal Mine at Lithgow. He joined the miners' union and shortly afterwards the Communist Party. In 1926 he became secretary of the Lithgow Com munist group, which also included Charlie Nelson and Bill Orr, who were, in the 'thirties, to become President and Secretary of the Miners' Federation. Blake's course was to be different. Between 1926 and 1930 he worked as a miner and as a local communist activist. In 1930 he was


The objective of this research is how to control proper room temperature and humidity in a straw
mushroom producing house with the targets of 28-33oC temperature, and 80-90% relative humidity.
Research was conducted by building a mushroom house (4m wide x 6m long x4m high), steel framed,
asbestos roofed with 3mm plywood ceiling, and 60% screen net wall layered with 14%UV transparent
plastic. The mushroom house was equipped with a microcontroller to monitor and control the room
temperature and relative humidity. Twenty units of SHT22 sensor were installed to monitor the
temperature and humidity; eighteen in the room, one above the ceiling, and the last was placed outside
the house (above the roof). The system was equipped with 4 units of water sprayer heads to elevate the
room humidity and decrease the room temperature. Two units of vents were installed at the upper wall
to exhaust the room air when the humidity and temperature were above the optimum ranges. A unit of
heater was added at the middle of the room to elevate the room temperature when it went down bellow
28oC. Results showed that when the temperature and humidity were not controlled, they could fluctuate
out of the optimum ranges; temperature increased above 33oC and went down to 25oC. Likewise;
humidity was ranging between about 50% to saturation. However; when the control was activated, the
temperature and humidity were in general close to the optimum ranges.


In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of Global Positioning Satellite system (GPS) technology, consequently the usage of GPS receivers has increased. These GPS receivers ...


Mentoring is being used extensively by various corporate set ups, both public and private for career as well as personal development. Business houses are in constant pursuit to transform and are working towards making employees more productive. Organizations are aggressively utilizing mentoring programs as a developmental tool in this effort to make employees more engaged, highly effective and motivated. Given the escalating war for talent in today's competitive environment, the integration of effective mentoring strategies, processes and programs into the corporate culture of an organization can contribute to its competitive advantages in many ways beyond its recent linkages just to improvement in creation of leadership pools, effective retention and engaged workforce.


Objective:To review the development history and status of modern medical conditions treated by acupuncture,in order to provide references for future research. Methods:Based on clarifying the meaning and significance of modern medical conditions treated by acupuncture,summarize the content and feature in each stage. Results:The development history contains three stage since 1994s:summary and quest of clinical experience,consult from expert advice,scientific and systematic review for devel-opment in theory. Conclusion:The study of modern medical conditions treated by acupuncture is a complex and systematic project,needs to be constantly improved as well. We hope to solve the question which medical conditions can be treated by acupuncture


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 0.4% to 1% in the general population. In addition, AF is responsible for approximately 15% to 20% of ischemic strokes. Device interventions to prevent strokes in patients with AF are nonsurgical procedures to block blood clots (thrombus) from forming and traveling out of the heart. The "quivering" rather than normal contractions of the upper chambers of the heart (atria) from disorganized electric activity (AF) leads to blood stasis and thrombus formation. A small cul-de-sac called the left atrial appendage (LAA) is especially prone to thrombus formation (Figure 1). In AF patients without valvular heart disease, almost all thrombus originates from the LAA. The thrombus travels to and block major vessels in the body. Blocking blood vessels to the brain leads to strokes and transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes).

Figure 1.
Transesophageal echocardiogram image of a thrombus in the left atrial appendage (dotted line).

Patients with the following risk factors have a higher stroke risk: heart failure, hypertension, age of 75 years or greater, diabetes mellitus, and prior history of strokes or mini-strokes. These are often combined to form the CHADS2 score. The more risk factors you have, the higher your CHADS2 score and risk of stroke are.

Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) such as warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban are effective stroke prevention therapies. The risks of bleeding associated with long-term anticoagulation led to the development of permanent treatment options like surgery. Closures by sutures (ligation) and removal (amputation) of the LAA …


The taxonomy of the genus Kobresia is difficult and based on morphological characters. Achene micromorphology of the genus was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its taxonomic significance evaluated. A total of 39 species and subspecies of Kobresia were included. The shape of epidermal cells of achenes is usually polygonal or rectangular. The anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells are mostly straight, rarely sinuous. Generally, a silica platform is formed on the inner periclinal wall of achene epidermal cell, and 1–3 silica bodies protrude from the middle of the platform. Sometimes, satellite silica bodies exist around the central bodies. The silica platform may be solid or perforated by pits. The micromorphological characters of the achene epidermis vary between different taxa. However, some closely related taxa show similarities. Therefore, the micromorphology of the achene epidermis of Kobresia is valuable in understanding the taxonomy at infraspecific, specific and supraspecific levels in the genus.


Due to limited energy resources, excessive emission of CO 2 , global warming, increase of mean temperature, serious impacts have resulted on our living environment, and thus, energy saving and carbon reduction have become urgent issues. Planting grass, flowers and trees can absorb and reduce CO 2 , thus meeting the requirements for energy saving and carbon reduction in environmental protection. At present, most of lawns or gardens in Taiwan are maintained by manual or traditional semiautomatic watering device. Whether the lawn needs to be watered and the amount of water to be sprinkled depends on subjective decision. When the lawn is watered without examining the moisture content of the soil beforehand, it causes waste of time, labor, water and cost. The intelligent wind powered watering system developed by this study used an electromechanical integrated design system to control the humidity probe, and used the electricity generated by natural wind power and pumping device to control the sprinkling action. This system sprinkles water by sensing the soil moisture content, and stops sprinkling automatically when the soil moisture content is enough, thus achieving the purposes of cost and energy saving. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6.2641


Main components of the current configuration of a proposed tethered satellite system (TSS) for deploying instrumentation up to 100 km upward or downward from the Orbiter in LEO are described. The TSS consists of the Deployer Module, the Tether, and the Satellite Module, and remains connected to the equipment in the Orbiter bay for the entire mission. The Deployer Module is mounted on a pallet, and has a boom, a tether control mechanism, and a tether control capability, in addition to data acquisition and control systems. The Satellite Module features a thermal control, electrical power and distribution, data management and communication, attitude determination, propulsion, and payload capability. Deployment is unpowered, taking advantage instead of gravity gradients to move the payload from the Orbiter. Safety features include a cutter mechanism to disengage the tether from the Orbiter if retrieval of the payload is judged to endanger the crew and the Orbiter.


Electron-beam devices are considered in which a form of concentration modulation, as defined by Gabor, is utilized. In the devices described here a scalloped electron beam is produced by a combination of crossed electric fields and a magnetic field, and strikes a collector after passing through a fixed aperture (cf. Fig. 1). The points of minimum width of the scalloped beam are "images" of the cathode which are reproduced along the longitudinal axis of the system by virtue of the cyclotron motion of the electrons. The application of an additional alternating electric field, parallel to the fixed electric field, causes a periodic variation in the longitudinal position of the cathode images, giving rise to an alternating component in the current which reaches the collector. Concentration modulation is compared with other modulation methods. Transit-time limitations are evaluated and possible applications are considered, including frequency multiplication at microwave frequencies. The use of the concentration-modulation technique in modulating a high-density electron beam at audio frequencies in an experimental system is described.


The article is devoted to the state of the economy of the Russian Federation, it is considered a new approach to the problems of development of mondialism and green. Investigates the factors, which hinder the course of social progress: the imbalance of scientific-technical, economic, environmental and social components of economic growth; the exhaustion of the opportunities of the existing institutional structures and systems of regulation of the economy; weakening the incentives to work and the accumulation of. Criticized the process of formation of the Nations under the absolute rule of the mondialist conceptions of social development, as well as the doctrine that the national and state encourages considered of secondary importance, but the state has no right to exist. Among the social threats, regional environmental security agglomeration of the Russian Federation the Caucasian Mineral Waters (KMV), is considered a real threat of ecological safety of the CMS including the activities of the agro-industrial complex, the demographic situation related to population growth. Special attention is paid to increase of economic efficiency of the protected region agglomeration, in the total recreational territory of KMV. The author of the article on the basis of the collected and investigated material justifies the need for a transition to a new type of economic growth of transformation of socio-economic relations, formation of the public systems of a new type, the post-industrial civilization which should be evolutionary, неконфронтационным way.


Lao PDR is one of the economically least developed countries in the world. As a member of the GMS region and the ASEAN, Lao PDR stands to benefit from the growth of the GMS region by the East West Economic Corridor that links the Central Region of Lao PDR with Thailand and Vietnam through Savannakhet. This paper uses a detailed household survey data set to identify, sign, and test the significance of the key factors that affect poverty by location and well-being subgroup among the urban, semi-urban and rural populations of Savannakhet. We found that household size, distance from the EWEC, agriculture landholding and working in the agricultural sector are causes of household poverty. Agricultural employment has a particularly large impact in rural areas. Other factors such as age, gender and educational level of the household head evidence no influence in determining poverty. One possible reason could be that infrastructure has been improved only in recent years. Thus, economic opportunities vary widely for any given characteristic of the household head.


A liberated woman as an example of emancipation presented in the TV show "Warsaw Shore: Ekipa z Warszawy"
MTV is a TV channel that has had a revolutionary impact on the development of pop culture. This station, which initially broadcast only videoclips, under the influence of the development of the Internet, especially YouTube, was forced to change its profile. Nowadays MTV is dominated by reality shows, some of which are very controversial. In Poland, "Warsaw Shore: Ekipa z Warszawy" – local version of the American "Jersey Shore" format, is very popular. That TV show presents a specific woman's image, which has been described as a "liberated woman". Analysing 12 seasons of that show, seven main characteristics that make up the image were identified.


This paper made comparative experiment on Populus alba s growth potential between the transplanting seedlings of tissue culture and the propagating seedlings of cutting. The result showed that the transplanting seedlings of tissue culture annually grows 73 cm on the average and its diameter close to the ground grows 2.1 cm , which are respectively 69.9% and 76. 2% faster than the growing speed of propagating seedlings by cutting, and thus provide convenience for Populus Albs' s commoditizing development, and also, it can supply scientific theoretical basis for quickly propagating Populus alba' s seedling in Tibet Autonomous Region.


The invention relates to a method for preparing cement raw materials from industrial sludge. The method particularly comprises the following steps: (1) putting 50mg/L-80mg/L of a polyacrylamide flocculant PAM and 100mg/L-150mg/L of polymeric ferric sulfate into industrial sludge, and then carrying out pretreatment to obtain sludge with the water content of 80%; (2) putting the sludge with the water content of 80% into a double-shaft stirrer, stirring for 10-30 minutes, feeding the stirred sludge into a compressible filter plate, and carrying out three-step filter pressing; (3) grinding the sludge processed in the step (2) into powder, adding steel slag into powder, and controlling the content of iron element in the sludge to be 30wt%-35wt%, wherein the feeding amount of steel slag is equal to 5%-10% of the mass of the sludge. According to the method, the moisture content of the sludge can be decreased to be 40%, and basically no chemical medicament is added, so that the low-cost subsequent treatment of dried sludge is realized; the process route is short, the treatment cost is low, secondary pollution is avoided, and cement enterprises have no burden.


This thesis is about how the refugee children experience their own situation and about how they handle different situation such as school and create friendship. It is also about handling limits and the capability to think about the future under unsure circumstances as a paperless refugee or asylum seeker. The thesis is also about the transition process, family bonds and the importance of understanding the language.


PURPOSE: A preventive and/or therapeutic agent is provided to have a tumor cytotoxic factor II mutant which has undergone point mutation as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION: A preventive and/or therapeutic agent for kidney diseases, containing as the active ingredient a tumor cytotoxic factor II (TCF-II) mutant which has undergone point mutation. The mutant is TCF-II wherein the Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg amino acid sequence beginning at the second position from the N-terminal is replaced by Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala or the Lys-Ile-Lys-Thr-Lys-Lys amino acid sequence beginning at the 27th position therefrom is replaced by Ala-Ile-Ala-Thr-Ala-Ala.


The Great Southern Blues Festival has been a musical fixture on the NSW south coast for nearly 20 years. The Narooma based festival is hand-crafted by its founder, Neil Mumme, who travels the world to select the festival artists based upon the quality of their music and of their live performance. This weekend the festival will feature international, national, and emerging Australian musicians.


Schiff bases are versatile ligands which are synthesized from the condensation of primary amines with carbonyl groups. Synthesis of Schiff base transition metal complexes by using Schiff base as ligands appears to be fascinating in view of the possibility of obtaining coordination compounds of unusual structure and stability. These transition metal complexes have received exceptional consideration because of their active part in metalloenzymes and as biomimetic model compounds due to their closeness to natural proteins and enzymes. These compounds are very important in pharmaceutical fields because of their wide spectrum of biological activities. Most of them show biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antitumor, antiproliferative, anticancer, herbicidal, and anti-inflammatory activities. The biological activity of the transition metal complexes derived from the Schiff base ligands has been widely studied. This review summarizes the importance, Scope and antimicrobial activities of Schiff base metal complexes.


Give your children practise in using oral and written instructions. There are ideas for class and group activities to be used in literacy, PE and music lessons.


Based on diverse developing evolution stage and orogenic character in east Guizhou area,the architectural facies in three developing evolution stage are built up in this region.Design of architectural facies classified into orogenic features of oceanic-continental transformation and of intraplate is put forward firstly,that is during orogenic process of oceanic-continental transformation,architectural facies systems are divided into backgrounds of divergent,convergent,collision and intraplate; while during intraplate orogenic development,they are divided into backgrounds of rift,compression and uplifting,which may make it more clear in reflecting upon structural evolution course of various orogenic attributes in this region.


These comments explore the relationship between analytical egalitarianism, race-blind theorizing, and associationist psychology. Associationist psychology, though making an implicit appearance in "Vanity", was central to the egalitarian analysis provided by James Mill and John Stuart Mill. Indeed, associationist considerations lay at the heart of Mill's race-blind analysis of cottier tenure, and his exchange with Thomas Carlyle over the "Negro Question." These comments also note some intriguing comparisons between the debate over eugenics and the debate over socialist calculation. Copyright © 2008 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc..


PURPOSE: A method for forming a predetermined layer on a surface of a substrate is provided to prevent layer thickness irregularity of resist solution and formation of a lithography on the substrate by heating the substrate in a substantial unheated state after coating the resist solution. CONSTITUTION: A coating solution is coated on the surface of the substrate and is dried under a first decompression circumstance. A dry processing of the substrate is performed utilizing an unheated method under a second decompression circumstance. In set temperature, the second decompression circumstance is lower than the first decompression circumstance. After the dry processing of the substrate, a heating dry processing thereof is performed.


As the failure of solder joints under thermal cycling is as a result of creep-fatigue damage evolution, the failure mechanism of SnAgCu solder was studied by using the theory of continuum damage mechanics (CDM) and a new damage model was proposed here. A special bimetallic load frame with single joint-shear sample was designed to simulate actual joints in electronic packages. Thermo-mechanical cycling and thermal cycling tests were conducted to determine material parameters in the creep-fatigue interaction damage model, in which the damage variable D showed a power-dependence upon thermal cycles. The damage variable D = 1-R0/R was selected and measured every dozens of cycles during thermal cycling tests to verify the model. The results showed that the experimental damage data can be fitted reasonably well by the relationship of the damage model proposed here for SnAgCu solder. And the evolution of solder microstructure during thermal cycling was observed by using metallographic sectioning and optical microscopy analysis, which gave the microscopic explanation for creep-fatigue damage evolution law of SnAgCu solder.


Participants included in the review Studies of women suffering from pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, such as morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum, were eligible for inclusion. Studies with healthy volunteers, and individuals suffering from motion sickness, post-operative nausea and vomiting, inflammation, and drug-induced nausea and vomiting was excluded. The period of gestation in the efficacy studies ranged from less than 12 weeks to less than 20 weeks.


Due to the specifically high power pulse and long duration energy requirements against lithium battery systems in electric aircrafts, the electrical design cannot be realized without sufficient modeling and simulation of such batteries considering the nonlinear behavior of cells and mission profiles. This paper presents an overview of the simulation approach and confirms the performance for using it as a design tool. The validation process of the models and simulation environment in MATLAB/Simulink includes error analysis investigating real measurement data recorded during flights of a fully electric aircraft.


In January 2016, worldwide, 3.419 billion people had an Internet access (Internet users), which represented 46% of the population. This igure has increased by 10% from January 2015, and by 21% from 2014 to 2015 [1]. 2.307 billion are active social media users, which represents 31% of the world total population. Active social media users are de ined as users that were connected more than one time on a website.


ABSTRACTThis paper examines whether and how the impact of innovation on organizations can be determined. Following a discussion of four possible conceptual paradigms, it develops a framework for studying the impact of innovations on their organizations. The paper argues that there are four main aspects to the impact of innovation that require four different approaches:(1) Successful and unsuccessful cases of implementation of individual innovations that achieve/do not achieve their chosen objectives and the effects of innovations on (2) employees, (3) organizational functioning, and (4) Organizational structures. Accordingly, it frames the research within four possible research approaches (case studies, people, functions, structures), loosely based on Burrell and Morgan's (1979) and Gioia and Pitre's (1990) organizational paradigms. The first approach focuses research on the impact of individual innovations on individual issues and individual organizations, organizational populations, and organizational communities. The second approach studies impacts on people; the third emphasizes inputs and organizational adaptation; and the fourth the impact on structures and survival of organizations, populations and communities. The framework identifies definitions of innovation suitable for each approach, what each approach is most suited to studying, their levels of analysis, suitable methodologies and measures, and the types of impacts each is capable of revealing.Keywords: Impact of innovation, innovative organization, innovative organizational population, organizational community, organizational demography; research framework.IntroductionWhile private sector, non-profit sector and public sector innovation has been vigorously promoted for two generations, the impacts of innovation have not been determined. When the impacts of innovation have been addressed, the focus has tended to be the effect on economic performance at the firm (Evangelista and Vezzani, 2010) and country levels (Sapprasert and Clausen, 2012). During this period, the primary focus of public sector innovation has been strategies and methods to reduce use of public resources, create agencies and privatize government functions (the New Public Management), not the impact of the innovations. Several authors have noted the lack of attention to the impacts of the set of innovations known as the New Public Management (Christensen and Laegreid, 2006: 2; Pollitt, 2001: 480). Damanpour (1991: 584) recommended expanding the scope of innovation studies to include evaluation of the consequences of innovation.The innovation literature has tended to focus on the successful implementation of innovations and making appropriate tactical choices about when to innovate and when to delay/selectively adopt innovations (de Lancer Julnes and Holzer, 2001). There is much to be learned, however, from innovations that fail, but they are difficult to research. A clear distinction must be made between innovations that are not fully implemented or that fail and ones that are fully implemented and accomplish their objectives in determining the effect on organizational survival. As well, organizations have many other objectives that include supporting employees, achieving organizational objectives and assuring the organization survives. This paper's objectives are to identify ways to determine the impact of innovations on their organizations and to develop a research framework for doing so. The term "impact" is defined to include both the results of the innovation's intervention (outcomes) and the broader effects of the innovation. The paper builds a framework for research on the impact of innovation on organizations that addresses both the impact of individual innovations and innovations' impacts on organizational people, functioning and structures. Each approach is seated within a different conceptual paradigm. The paradigms are described, then the paper develops an approach and explores innovation within each paradigm, by discussing the different definitions of innovation used by each approach, what each is most suited to studying and the issues that can best be studied within them, levels of analysis implied, methodologies and measures that could be used, and the impacts that can best be studied within each approach. …


The workshop was hosted by five people from library and infrastructure environments. As information managers we discussed what libraries are already doing and should do in the future to further explore software engineering and engineers. The topic attracted participants with diverse backgrounds in research software engineering and library and information science. Our goals were to generate/strengthen awareness of the topic of Research Software & Engineers [RS(E)] in libraries, to jointly identify fields of action for libraries, to collect and collaboratively develop ideas and materials for use in libraries, and to interconnect the RSE community with libraries.