The emphasis of this paper is to develop and design the controllers in the modes of Fractional Order- Proportional Integral Derivative and Fractional Order Integral- Proportional Derivative for stabilization of benchmarked Twin Rotor Multiple inputs multiple-output system (TRMS). These controllers have been implemented and compared experimentally for the trajectory control of TRMS. Both the controllers are explained, and their parameters are reformed and tuned by using the interior-point nonlinear optimization method (fmincon function) to minimize the cost function of controller parameters. The pitch and yaw trajectory responses of TRMS with both the controllers are experimentally obtained and tested with disturbances at different intervals. It's observed that Fractional Order Integral-Proportional Derivative controller will provide effective trajectory tracking as compared with Fractional Order- Proportional Integral Derivative controller.


Armed conflict has occurred in many parts of the world for centuries and undoubtedly will occur in the future. In the past, combatants suffered; now the majority of suffering is by civilians. Children in these regions are denied the benefits of health care and normal nurturing both during and especially for prolonged periods after the conflict (when the health and social systems have been disrupted or are non-existent). Their problems of health and development are major; problems for which the experience and knowledge of pediatrics and pediatric research could contribute. Yet, to date, the study of the health and development of children in war zones has not been a major priority of pediatric societies or of the large community of pediatric clinicians and researchers.

Recently the Programme for Global Pediatric Research has held meetings with representatives of agencies working in areas of armed conflict together with pediatric clinicians and researchers. They explored the health and developmental problems of children in war zones. Recommendations from those meetings highlighted the plight of mothers and children during conflict and in the period "after the shooting stops." Child health and development is critically affected during these times. In many instances planning has been inadequate and both government and legal support have been deficient. This presentation will describe the health and developmental problems of children in zones of armed conflict and steps to be taken to alleviate these major problems.


Plasmonics has the potential to complement photonics and microwave photonics with ultrafast, energy efficient and most compact components. As a result, novel plasmonic modulators, detectors and microwave components emerge offering bandwidths beyond 100 GHz.


This paper studies a switching regime version of Merton's structural model for the pricing of default risk. The default event depends on the total value of the firm's asset modeled by a switching Lévy process. The novelty of this approach is to consider that firm's asset jumps synchronously with a change in the regime. After a discussion of dynamics under the risk neutral measure, two models are presented. In the first one, the default happens at bond maturity, when the firm's value falls below a predetermined barrier. In the second version, the firm can enter bankruptcy at multiple predetermined discrete times. The use of a Markov chain to model switches in hidden external factors makes it possible to capture the effects of changes in trends and volatilities exhibited by default probabilities. With synchronous jumps, the firm's asset and state processes are no longer uncorrelated. Finally, some econometric evidence that switching Lévy processes, with synchronous jumps, fit well historical time series is provided.


This paper investigates a scalable control of permanent magnet synchronous machines for battery electric vehicles. The presented methodology aims to use the same control of a reference machine and scale it to test the control of several electrical machines of the same topology in a fast way. In that aim, the Energetic Macroscopic Representation-based scaling laws is used to deduce a scalable control scheme. The scalable control results are compared to those of classical control, in which all the controller parameters need to be redefined and are only valid for one given design of the electrical machine. The simulation results show that the control performance is the same, which proves that the control can be scaled.


Abstract : Pesantren is an educational institution that focuses on Islamic religious education. Along the changing times, pesantren have evolved both in terms of the curriculum as well as the vision and mission, such as Tahfidzul Qur'an curriculum and environmental concerns curriculum. The Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Environment in collaboration with the Ministry of Religious Affairs signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to launch programs eco-pesantren. Pengging, Boyolali is a zone with potential for abundant groundwater discharge. But in some drought, groundwater discharge shrinkage even to cause a reduction in the number of springs. The problems of the Eco-Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an is how the effort to plan and design an Eco-Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an which facilitate learning and teaching religious knowledge and general knowledge, memorizing the Qur'an, and environmental awareness activities. The existence of Eco-Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an aims to fulfill space of teaching and learning religious knowledge and general knowledge, memorizing the Qur'an, and environmental awareness activities. The architectural design method with consideration of Ecological Architecture approach is capable of displaying eco-friendly themed activities promoted by Eco-Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an. The concept of Eco-Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an will apply the concept of Ecological Architecture approach that includes zone concept space, building orientation, processing site, as well as the concept of architectural approach in the application of eco-pesantren. Keywords: Architecture, Ecology, Eco-Pesantren, Education


Electromyography (EMG) signals are gaining popularity for several biomedical applications, including pattern recognition, disease detection, human–machine interfaces, medical image processing, and robotic limb or exoskeleton fabrication. In this study, a two-channel data acquisition system for measuring EMG signals is proposed for human lower limb activity recognition. Five leg activities have been accomplished to measure EMG signals from two lower limb muscles to validate the developed hardware. Five subjects (three males and two females) were chosen to acquire EMG signals during these activities. The raw EMG signal was first denoised using a hybrid of Wavelet Decomposition with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (WD-EEMD) approach to classify the recorded EMG dataset. Then, eight time-domain (TD) features were extracted using the overlapping windowing technique. An investigation into the comparative effectiveness of several classifiers is presented, although it was hard to distinguish how the classifiers predicted the activities. Having a trustworthy explanation for the outcomes of these classifiers would be quite beneficial overall. An approach known as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) was introduced to produce trustworthy predictive modeling results and applied the XAI technique known as local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) to a straightforward human interpretation. LIME investigates how extracted features are anticipated and which features are most responsible for each action. The accuracy of the extra tree classifier gives the highest accuracy of the other studied algorithms for identifying different human lower limb activities from sEMG signals.


The opening and closing procedure of baking tongs is governed by the shape of the opening guide and is an essential part of the baking process at automatic baking lines to guarantee for high-quality wafer products. To study the dynamic properties of the system related to the shape of the opening guide, a mechanical model is presented in this paper. Considering both procedural requirements and mechanical design to allow for reliable, long-lasting operation of the system, an approach to optimize the shape of the opening guide is introduced. Measurements on a reference system demonstrate the capabilities of the derived framework.


The present invention discloses a bio-eco-friendly organic fertilizer industrial production line, comprising: a crushing plant which comprises a device, automation screen feeding equipment, feeding at least a set of equipment, raw material pre-mixing machine, Equipment bacteria added materials, manufacturing equipment Fertilizer online delivery device, at least a fermentation reaction tank, pipeline-line drying equipment and fertilizer line homogenizing apparatus; wherein the plant grinding equipment, automated screening feeding equipment, feeding at least one set of equipment, raw material pre-mixing machine, a fertilizer manufacturing equipment, transportation equipment line, at least a fermentation reaction tank, pipeline-line drying equipment and fertilizer line homogenizing apparatus are connected in sequence; the strain is connected to the auxiliary device added fertilizer manufacturing equipment. Eco-friendly industrial production of organic fertilizer of the present invention, line noise, no smell, no discharge was no sewage, no emissions, no vibration, heat, static fermentation, fertilizer manufacturing sealed.


PART I: WHAT'S HAPPENED SINCE THE RELEASE OF BRANDSIMPLE? The Universe and Utility of the Internet is Expanding The 411 on other Digital Challenges How Digital Acceleration is Making a Flatter World Even Flatter How Social Initiatives Affect Brand Initiatives What Your 12-year-old Knows About Life On Line PART II: HOW ALL THIS STUFF WORKS AND HOW IT RELATES TO BRANDSIMPLE'S SUCCESS It's Still About Starting with a Simple Idea The New Power Signals How to be Everywhere at the Right Time


The guiding of a 300 eV divergent hydrogen ion beam by a surface magnetic field generated by samarium cobalt magnets has been investigated. It was found that magnets arranged in a multi‐ring‐cusp configuration produced the best beam transport efficiency.


A study was conducted to determine the presence of aflatoxins in finished poultry feed from manufacturing companies, feed ingredients, and poultry feed at the point of sale. Two collections were made. In the first collection, samples of the finished feed and feed ingredients were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the second collection, all samples were analyzed by ELISA while a subset was analyzed by HPLC. Of the 27 samples of finished feed, five samples had aflatoxin concentrations greater than the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Union Commission (EUC) maximum tolerable limit of 20 µg/kg, while for the feed ingredients, three of the 30 samples of feed ingredients exceeded the limit. Of the 93 samples of finished feed purchased from retailers, five samples had aflatoxin concentrations greater than the maximum tolerable limit. This survey indicates that most of the samples were below the maximum regulatory limit and maintained quality up to the point of sale for 2015 and 2016. However, given that some samples were above the limit, there is a need to monitor the production and marketing chain to ensure that the quality of the finished feed is not compromised.


This paper faces the problem of intelligent vehicles in interaction with their occupants and the environment, by modelling the semantic context associated to the navigation. With a semantically modelled context, an intelligent vehicle will not only drive itself safely, but it will also be able to reason on the situation and act accordingly. To do so, it is necessary to first define the Context of Navigation, and then to set the inference rules for it, in order to enrich the robot's comprehension of the situation. In this paper we propose our definition of the Context of Navigation, based on the information that could be needed by the vehicle's controller. We split it into two components: the Dynamic Context and the Static Context. In this paper we will focus on the latter. We then model the Static Context of Navigation of the autonomous driving - for instance the passengers' driving preferences - and to make the robotic car adapt its behaviour to this new information in real time. Finally, a short practical example of our proposition is shown and discussed.


Objective:To investigate the relation between the dynamic change of N-terminal proBNP(Brain Natriuretic Peptide) and the complic myocardial injury in patients with multiple injury at the early stage,and assess the evaluation value of injury severity. Methods:Fifteen hospitalized patients with multiple injury were collected from Aug 2005 to Apr 2007. All patients were divided into two groups:serious injury group(≥15 point) and control group(15 point) according to APACHEⅡ scores. Plasma NT-proBNP and cTnI were detected at the 1st,3rd,5th,7th day after admission. Results:There was a positive correlation between plasma NT-proBNP levels and APACHEⅡ scores at the 1st day in patients with multiple injury(r = 0. 601,P 0.001). The difference of NT-proBNP and cTnI between the two groups was statistically significant in the 1st,3rd,5th,7th day, respectively. The levels of the two indexes in the serious injury group increased more striking than the control group(P 0.01). The mean values of plasma NT-proBNP and cTnI both increased from the 1st day in two groups. In control group,the peaks of the mean values of plasma NT-proBNP and cTnI appeared at the 3rd day, then decented sequentially,and finally dropped back into the normal range at the 5th day. In serious injury group,the plasma level of NT-proBNP increased consistently until the 7th day,and the peak value appeared latter than the control group(at the 5th day). But the value did not drop back into the normal range at the 7th day. Conclusion:The dynamic change of NT-proBNP in patients with multiple injury may be related to myocardial injury,but serious injury patients may be influenced by many factors. NT-proBNP could be used in evaluation of injury severity at the early stage after trauma.


A reliable analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral parameters of partially oriented molecules requires the calculation of the effects of the correlation between the molecular vibration and rotation. However, in many cases the information content of the spectral data is not sufficient for an unambiguous determination of all the adjustable parameters involved in such an analysis. The present paper describes a special method to simplify the analysis significantly, so as to make seemingly underdetermined problems solvable. The method is applicable to the molecules which contain segments composed of one or more light bonds attached to a heavier bond. It is applied to the anisotropic couplings Dij of acetonitrile (CH3CN) oriented in various liquid crystals. The analysis leads to the following rα geometry: ∠HCH=109.22°±0.06°, rCH/rCC =0.751±0.002 and rCN/rCC =0.788±0.005. In addition, detailed information on (1) the indirect coupling anisotropies ΔJCC and 2ΔJCN, (2) the 1H and 13C chemical shif...


ABSTRACT To distinguish sinusitis from uncomplicated "colds," we examined lactoferrin and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions. Lactoferrin titers were ≥1:400 in 4% of persons with uncomplicated colds and controls but in 79% of persons with sinusitis or purulent sputa. ECP levels were >200 ng/ml in 61% of persons with colds and >3,000 ng/ml in 62% of persons with sinusitis. Nasal lactoferrin helps distinguish sinusitis from colds.


An evaluation regarding success for completing aftercare with juvenile delinquents assigned to a fast-track intensive program is reported. All subjects had been assigned to a short-term intensive program after having been committed to the custody of the State of Wisconsin Division of Youth Services. The results indicate that a significant number of youths successfully completed aftercare programming.


ABSTRACT "Breaking German Army Ciphers" is the title of a Cryptologia article from 2005, describing the lucky survival of several hundred authentic Enigma messages of World War II, and an account of a ciphertext-only cryptanalysis of a large number of these messages, leaving only a few (mostly short messages) unbroken. After reviewing the work done, and investigating the reasons for both lucky breaks and close misses, the modern ciphertext-only attack on Enigma messages is improved, especially on genuine ones with short lengths and/or many garbles. The difficulties of a proper measure for the candidate's closeness to a plaintext are clarified. The influence on the decryption process of an empty plugboard and one with only a few correct plugs is examined. The method is extended by a partial exhaustion of the plugboard combined with an optimized hillclimbing strategy. The newly designed software succeeds in breaking formerly unbroken messages.


The development of technology influences the way communication. The development of mobile phone as a means of communication anables people to send message in written form. The purpose of this research is to describe varieties of word formation and the meaning of word in SMS send by university students in Bung Hatta University and UNP. This research applies theory proposed by Hartman and Stork (1973:53), and used method Sudaryanto (1993:132). The research found that majority of sender use various abbreviation such as by using number, similar sound to replace word, symbol, function and contraction. Since the dominant type of word formation is the cutting, the new word meaning the same as the meaning of words before. Key word: abbreviation, SMS, communication, meaning


This is a description of our participation in the ADE Mining in English Tweets shared task, organized by the Social Media Mining for Health SMM4H 2022 workshop. We participate in the subtask a of shared Task 1, and the paper introduces the system we developed for solving the task. The task requires classifying the given tweets by whether they mention the Adverse Drug Effects. We utilize RoBERTa model and apply several methods during training and finetuning period. We also try to improve the performance of our system by preprocessing the dataset but improve the precision only. The results of our system on test set are 0.601 in F1- score, 0.705 in precision, and 0.524 in recall.


Rabies is widely prevalent worldwide, and China is among the countries most affected. To achieve the goal of zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030, dog management and immunization must be improved and comprehensive prevention and control measures must be adopted. We analyze the epidemiological profile of rabies in China in the past 30 years to clarify the origins of China's high prevalence, and propose a comprehensive rabies prevention and control concept based on "One Health" by drawing on successful international control efforts.


The key to solving the problems of villagers, countryside and agriculture aims at promoting the level of peasant's income. A country's economic development is connected with trade factor deeply under the economic globalization and trade integration tendency, also the change of peasant's income level is inseparable with trade. Using the date from 1978 to 2008, this paper empirically analyzes how export trade influnces peasant's income structure, namely, household operations income and wage income. The results show that there is a negative relationship between export trade and peasant's income from household operations, but it will promote the wage incom increasing.Hence, under the circumstances of peasant's income instability, the government should encourage to expand agricultural products export, and increase the support to township enterprises export from new type of rural financial institutions in order to ensure peasnat's wage income stable growth.


Most of the existing learning systems work on data that are stored in poorly structured les. This approach prevents them from dealing with data from real world, which is often heterogeneous and massive and which requires database management tools. In this article, we propose an original solution to data mining which integrates a fuzzy learning tool that constructs fuzzy decision trees with a multidimensional database management system.


In order to provide some reference experience for other coal mines in making water prevention and treatment measures,this paper concretely introduces the application of quaternity comprehensive water prevention and treatment measures in a mine which locates in the north of Guizhou province and has some fruitful water prevention and treatment experience.The results show that it is good to take this kind of measures in the similar condition.


With the development of the holographic printer, printing synthetic hologram requires smaller holographic element (hogel) size to improve spatial resolution of the reconstruction. On the contrary, a larger hogel size affords higher angular resolution, but it leads to a lower lateral resolution and there exists a trade-off problem. In this paper, a hologram synthesis method based on three-dimensional (3D) rendering of computer-generated holographic stereogram (HS) is proposed to limit the spatial-angular trade-off problem. The perspectives of the 3D scene are captured by re-centering the camera method and transformed into parallax-related images by a proposed pixel re-arrangement algorithm for holographic printing. Unlike the conventional approaches, the proposed algorithm not only improves the angular resolution of the reconstruction while maintaining the hogel size fixed, but also keeps the spatial resolution without degradation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation and an optical experiment.


The health professions are increasing the placement of students within working environments in other institutions and the community. The aim of this study was to assess the readiness for online and web-based learning of future health professionals at the University of Sheffield prior to the establishment of a national web-based Inter-professional Learning Network (WILeN). A link to a short survey was distributed to the Medical Faculty at Sheffield and 191 valid responses were received. Only 62 per cent of students had access to an Internet-connected computer at home. Most students (95.8%) checked their e-mail every few days or more, with slightly less (82.8%) using the web frequently. Relevant technologies were often never used, including internet relay chat, message forums and video conferencing. However, 66 per cent of students had used computer aided learning packages. Future use of online continuing professional education material is likely to be limited.


Kir4.1, a glial-specific K channel, is critical for normal CNS development and has emerged as a key player in several pathological conditions including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorders. Notably, decreased Kir4.1 protein expression occurs in several human CNS pathologies including CNS ischemic injury, spinal cord injury, epilepsy, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the emerging significance of Kir4.1 in normal and pathological conditions, its mechanisms of regulation are unknown. Here we report the first epigenetic regulation of a K channel in the CNS. Robust developmental upregulation of Kir4.1 expression in rats is coincident with reductions in DNA methylation of the Kir4.1 gene, KCNJ10. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals a dynamic interaction between KCNJ10 and DNA methyltransferase 1 during development. Finally, demethylation of the KCNJ10 promoter is necessary for transcription. These findings indicate DNA methylation is a key regulator of Kir4.1 transcription. Altered Kir4.1 expression is a common feature of the gliotic response and is thought to propagate the negative pathophysiological response occurring in a variety of CNS insults. Thus, targeting Kir4.1 expression through DNA methylation represents a plausible therapeutic target for a diverse subset of clinical diseases. INTRODUCTION Kir4.1, an inwardly-rectifying K channel, is essential to astrocytic function and normal CNS development and plays a critical role in K buffering (Neusch et al., 2001;Bay and Butt, 2012). Pharmacological inhibition, knock down or complete knock out of this channel results in astrocytes with increased membrane resistance, depolarized


In this issue we present two contrasting views of the future of organization development (OD). Peggy Morrison, an experienced OD consultant, is president of Morrison & Associates, management c onsu ltan ts in Phoenix, Arizona. She earned her Ph.D. in organizational behavior and has served on the faculty of the College of Business Administration at Arizona State University in Tempe. Dr. Morrison has contributed to G&OS several times. Hari Das received his Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia in Canada. He has considerable experience as a management and OD consultant and has published research papers in a variety of professional journals. He is currently associated with the Department of Management at Saint Mary's University, Nova Scotia.


The açaí palm plays major socioeconomic importance to human populations in North Brazil. Damages caused by pest insects in the orchards are among the main factors that limit açaí production, mainly members of Coleoptera. However, rhinoceros beetles (Dynastinae) had never been observed damaging açaí palms. Here, we noticed the first occurrence of Oxyligyrus nasutus (Burmeister, 1847) (Melolonthidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) attacking young açaí plants in the locality of Nova Colônia, Capitão Poço municipality, Pará state, Brazil. The species was observed digging tunnels in the soil near attacked plants. The damages happened through perforation localized at the basal stem part, where the beetles feed on the heart of the palm, preventing its development. This event is a wake-up call for local farmers to avoid the intervention of the edges of floodplains that could be the natural habitat of these insects. In addition, it also represents the first record of O. nasutus from Brazil.


In this paper, the authors focus on two well-identified switching mechanisms, namely, interfacial (or homogeneous) switching and filamentary switching. These switching mechanisms have been reported in various devices, but a broader analysis remains to be conducted. By comparing the performances of TiO2- and HfO2-based resistive switching devices in terms of variability, retention, controllability, and switching energy, the authors discuss how oxygen vacancies organization can determine a general set of properties that will define the range of applications that could be envision for each material/device technology.


This paper described the sources of harmful material in carbonyl refining nickel(iron) workshop, carbonyl nickel and iron toxicity,flammability,explosive and safety standards.A reasonable ventilation setting of carbonyl refining nickel(iron) workshop is extremely important to safety production.Only based on a combination of theory and practice,the design of ventilation set can be able to protect the plant's ventilation effect and meet the technical requirements for ventilation.


For last few years plenty of attention is dedicated to 3D object recognition and 3D reconstruction. Not a few produced robots perceive ambience with assistance of two cameras, analyzing perceived views. In this paper we analyze two camera positioning task. We change the angle between two cameras (principal axes) and analyze the influence of camera positioning to first steps of 3D reconstruction algorithm. One of the ways of camera mounting is in parallel, when all perceived points lie on the same plane. Unfortunately, because of influence of internal and external factors we receive different errors in 3D reconstruction. The influence of these errors can be reduced by minimizing object distance to camera and changing the angle between two cameras. Changing the angle between two cameras we change the object viewpoint. In our approach we show that even if object makes fairly wide angle with camera plane (60°–80°), we can estimate to 20 % of suitable feature points with selected Harris and Stephens corner detector. Ill. 5, bibl. 11 (in Lithuanian; summaries in Lithuanian, English, Russian).


The present work deals with the spatial distribution of the sciarid species (black fungus gnats) recorded from Morocco throughout the major biogeographical regions: Rif, Eastern Morocco, Atlantic Plain, Middle Atlas, High Atlas, and Anti-Atlas, providing for the first time an atlas of the distribution of Moroccan sciarid fauna. The analysis of the species distribution showed differences between the regions, revealing that the High Atlas and the Rif hosted the greatest specific richness. Of the surveyed sites, forests, crop fields, and aquatic habitats seem to be the most favourable for supporting many sciarid species. Ecological preferences for each species are discussed, indicating a clear preference for medium altitudes ranging from 500 to 1000 m. Alongside the study on the distribution of species, a review of the species recorded in Morocco and gathered from the literature has enabled us to update the checklist of sciarid species, which comprises 65 so far in Morocco. Particular emphasis focused on black fungus gnats considered potentially harmful, with the aim of assessing their distribution in the country, has revealed that Bradysia transitata, B. trivittata, B. xenoreflexa, Lycoriella sativae, Scatopsciara subarmata were collected from strawberry greenhouses (Rosaceae: strawberries), Bradysia placida, B. santorina, B. scabricornis, B. tilicola, B. trivittata and Camptochaeta jeskei were collected from fruit trees (Rosaceae: almond trees), Bradysia santorina, Corynoptera saccata and C. semipedestris were found on palms (Arecaceae: date palms), Scatopsciara atomaria and S. curvilinea were captured in crop fields (Poaceae, Fabaceae), Bradysia scabricornis, Bradysiopsis vittata were collected from Liliaceae, Scatopsciara atomaria was also found on Asteraceae and Solanaceae, and Corynoptera praeparvula was exclusively reported from Solanaceae.


This work explores the feasibility of temporary implantable devices utilizing an inorganic material as the core structural element. A biodegradable glass material was used as the substrate for the devices. A device test structure composed of two thin film elements, an insulating layer and a pair of metal electrodes, was formed on the biodegradable glass substrate. The devices were then subsequently tested for their operation in simulated body fluids. This feasibility study is expected to lead to a variety of useful solid-state sensors and actuators that can be applied to many medical areas that can benefit temporary implantable devices.


The notion of valuing lies at the heart of the process of monitoring. Monitoring involves being deliberately engaged in a set of interrelated actions and processes, the intention of which is twofold. Given that the curriculum provides the conditions sufficient to promote learning to nurse families, the first is to observe the extent to which the essential components of learning to nurse families is actually being learned. The second is to provide feedback for adjusting curriculum structure and process so that learning of the valued components can be promoted. In other words, monitoring learning can be viewed as a process of formative evaluation culminating in summative evaluation at specific points in the program (Bloom et al, 1977; Tyler, ed., 1974), whereby both student progress in learning to nurse families and the conditions deemed necessary for that kind of learning are monitored.
 Being an integrated curriculum, McGill's B.Sc.(N) program is characterized by some overlap in traditional content areas. In addition to that, concepts of family and health run as threads throughout the three-year program. With such a curriculum design, it is difficult to monitor learning without establishing mechanisms to increase the probability that (a) unnecessary repetitions as well as omissions in content are avoided, (b) learning conditions are set and sustained so that the above concepts continue to be developed as the student moves through the program, (c) expectations in terms of scope and depth in student's attitudes, knowledge and skills continue to expand towards achieving critical goals of the program and that (d) there are some means of eliciting, identifying and promoting students' behaviours which indicate progress in learning to nurse families. Two kinds of monitoring provide us with the above mechanisms. Since the curriculum can be perceived as the structural apparatus and the medium through which learning to nurse families is provided, the first kind of monitoring has to occur at the curriculum level. Therefore, monitoring curriculum content and processes becomes a necessary activity. The second essential activity is monitoring the day-today operationalization of the curriculum at the courses level. This is the level where it is critical to (a) specify those behaviours which best reflect students' progress in learning to nurse families, and (b) identifying strategies which are best suited for eliciting and evaluating those behaviours which reflect students' progress in nursing families.


R. Lopes da Silva, I. Ferreira, G. Teixeira, D. Cordeiro, M. Mafra, I. Costa, J.M. Bravo Marques, M. Abecasis. BK virus encephalitis with thrombotic microangiopathy in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 161–167. All rights reserved


We present the results of the analysis of GRB 101023 in the fireshell scenario. Its redshift has not been determined due to the lack of data in the optical band, so we tried to infer it from the Amati Relation, obtaining z=0.9. Its light curve presents a double emission, which makes it very similar to the already studied GRB 091018. We performed a time-resolved spectral analysis with XSPEC using different spectral models, and fitted the light curve with the numerical code GRBsim. We used Fermi GBM data to build the light curve, in particular the second INa detector, in the range (8-440 keV). We found that the first emission does not match the requirements for a GRB, while the second part perfectly agrees with being a canonical GRB, with a P-GRB lasting 4s.


The article describes a tectonophysical model showing evolution of structures in the Sailag granodiorite massif in relation to its gold-bearing capacity. The model takes into account the load patterns according to geological data, accumulated deformation, and gravity stresses. This model provides for updating the structural-geological model showing development of the intrusion body and the ore field. Forecasted are destruction patterns in the apical and above-dome parts of the massif  in the intrusion and contraction phase, formation of the long-term shear zone at the steeply dipping slope of the intrusion body, and subvertical fractures associated with the long-term shear zone and vertical mechanical 'layering' of the intrusive body.


The present study examined the effects of antiprejudice norms on children's ethnic attitudes by taking their antiprejudice motivations into account. In a sample of 767 native Dutch preadolescents we found evidence for both an internal and an external motivation to be nonprejudiced which were, respectively, positively versus negatively related to children's out-group attitudes. Overall, children's norm perceptions were linked to more positive ethnic attitudes, and this relation was partly explained by their internal antiprejudice motivation. Some normative aspects were found be less effective (moral rule to be nice and honest) than others (equality message) by stimulating an external motivation rather than undermining it and stimulating an internal one. Distinguishing between different normative sources further showed that parents and peers were more influential than teachers. Our findings underline the importance of including motivations in research on norms and out-group attitudes.


3. Ever since Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (1719), the desert island has been used, among other things, as a vehicle for discussing ideas about society and nature. Moreover, because of its early adoption into the canon of children's literature, it is also a key text about childhood and the child. Robinsonades, whether for adults or children, share certain motifs: isolation, self-reliance and survival of the shipwrecked; the strange environment and encounter with alien others; the building of a new society/civilization; and, finally, the escape and re-integration of the shipwrecked with the world.


The production control of coalbed methane wells has long been viewed as the most challenging step in its development process. For human engineers, they rely too much on previous experience. For artificial intelligence, there is no complete frame to use. Here we proposed a system with reinforcement learning algorithm to CBM production control optimization that used a proxy model to simulate the gas and water seepage in coal seam, and a 'value networks' to evaluate gas and water production capability and three control policy mode: bottomhole pressure (BHP) regression model, BHP reduction rate mode, BHP table to select moves. The system achieved a 20.99% and 38.14% increment in cumulative gas and water production, respectively.


Objective To analyze the effect of Tetrandrine (Tet) on neuronal apoptosis and reletted gene expression after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in SD rats so as to provide experimental basis for treatment of ASCI. Methods A total of 95 adult SD rats were.randomly divided into four groups,ie,control group ( n =5 ),ASCI group ( n =30),Tet treatment group ( Tet group,n =30) and methylprednisolone treatment group ( Mp group,n =30).The ASCI model was established with the aid of modified Allen method.The five rats from each group were sacrificed at postoperative 8 hours and 1,3,7,14,21 days respectively to observe the morphology of the injury spinal cord and expressions of cell apoptosis regulation genes ( Bcl-xl,Bcl-xs).The flow cytometry ( FCM ) was used to semiquantitatively analyze the apoptotic cells. Results Except for the control group,the other three groups had morphological changes.Tissue edema,neuronal degeneration with some necrosis and marked inflammatory cell infiltration were founded in the ASCI group.Tissue injury was alleviated in the Tet group and was relatively much milder in the Mp group,with no obvious necrosis or inflammatory cell infiltration.Except for the control group,the number of Bcl-xs positive cells at the same time point was the most in the ASCI group in comparison with the Tet and Mp groups.Meanwhile,the expression of Bcl-xl in all groups reached the peak at day 7 post-injury.The semiquantitative analysis of the apoptotic cells displayed that,except for the control group,the number of apoptotic neurons in other three groups reached the peak at day 7 postinjury and then declined gradually.At the same time point,the apoptotic neurons in the Tet group were less than that in the ASCI group,but more than that in the Mp group. Conclusions After ASCI,Tet plays an active role in intervening the expression of the apoptosis regulation gene and can evidently decrease neuronal apoptosis.Tet treatment can work within 7 days and should be given for ASCI as early as possible.However,Tet exerts weaker effect on ASCI in comparison with MP.

Key words:
Spinal cord injuries; Neurons; Tetrandrine; Apoptosis; Gene expession regulation


The performance of tacit knowledge management is a key of enhancing the service level of enterprises. Based on the characteristics of tacit knowledge management and the methodology of enterprise performance evaluation, a fuzzy evaluation system for the management performance of tacit knowledge is set up in this paper. Performance of tacit knowledge management is assessed qualitatively using linguistic 'if-then' rules and quantitatively on a 0 to 1 scale. A company is taken as an illustrative example. Comprehensive analyses and comparisons show that this new method is efficient and promising.


Background Wheezing is a symptom of potential respiratory disease and known to be associated with smoking. Electronic cigarette use ('vaping') has increased exponentially in recent years. This study examined the cross-sectional association of vaping with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms and compare this association with smokers and dual users. Methods The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study wave 2 data collected from October 2014 to October 2015 with 28 171 adults were used. The cross-sectional association of vaping with self-reported wheezing and related respiratory symptoms relative to smokers and dual users of tobacco and electronic cigarettes were studied using multivariable logistic and cumulative logistic regression models with consideration of complex sampling design. Results Among the 28 171 adult participants, 641 (1.2%) were current vapers who used e-cigarettes exclusively, 8525 (16.6%) were current exclusive smokers, 1106 (2.0%) were dual users and 17 899 (80.2%) were non-users. Compared with non-users, risks of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms were significantly increased in current vapers (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.67, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.15). Current vapers had significantly lower risk in wheezing and related respiratory symptoms compared with current smokers (aOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.87). No significant differences were found between dual users and current smokers in risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms (aOR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.24). Conclusions Vaping was associated with increased risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms. Current vapers had lower risk in wheezing and related respiratory symptoms than current smokers or dual users but higher than non-users. Both dual use and smoking significantly increased the risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms.


: This paper proposes a method of detecting a specific moving object, a taxi in particular, on a road from a video provided from a camera attached to a user. In order to raise the quality of life of visually handicapped people, a computer vision system which works in place of their eyes and a brain may be useful. As one of such systems, this study focuses its attention on finding a taxi on a road which is a convenient vehicle to such people as a means of transfer outdoors. The novel idea of this study is that a camera and a PC system for finding a taxi is carried by a user, a visually handicapped person, for example. The proposed method employs the HOG features to represent a vehicle, and finds a taxi by Real AdaBoost and color information with the detected vehicle. The performance of the proposed method is shown experimentally.


Timber groynes have been used for centuries to retain and control beaches. They are found throughout Europe but little information is available about the design or detailing of the structures. During recent years alternatives such as beach renourishment, detached breakwaters and rock groynes have been used increasingly, however timber groynes can still offer advantages in terms of sustainability, cost and appearance. These include the relative ease with which the level and profile of the groyne may be adapted (by adding or removing planks) or maintained. Their appearance and small footprint are particularly advantageous on amenity beaches. Beaches constantly change as they respond to natural processes including waves, currents and the wind. These processes can result in material being transported from the beach, which if not replaced by material from adjacent areas, will result in erosion. Groynes are constructed more or less perpendicular to the shoreline to restrict the movement of sediment along the shore. They usually work in two ways, by providing a physical barrier to the movement of the beach material, which enables the beach to re-orientate approximately perpendicular to the incident wave direction, and by diverting longshore currents (which may be caused by tides or waves) away from the beach. In the past, groyne design was often limited to the slightly improved replacement of existing structures. As most local authorities in the United Kingdom are responsible for their own coastal protection, groyne design differs largely along the coastline. The performance and durability of timber groynes is highly dependent on the design and detailing of the structure. By comparing several schemes, various advantages and disadvantages of groyne design have been identified. Keeping a structure and its connections as simple as possible will benefit the ease of construction and maintenance. Design details such as attaching softwood or recycled timber rubbing pieces to the piles at critical levels, thus protecting them from abrasion, can considerably increase the lifetime of a groyne. In order to assure the sustainable use of timber, certified timber should be specified. Additionally, reuse and recycling of timber can substantially reduce the need for new timber, and should be incorporated in the design and maintenance of structures. If designed properly, timber groynes can be an effective and sustainable solution to retain a beach where the main erosion problem is caused by longshore sediment transport.


Hydrostatic pressure has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in Escherichia coli by inhibiting amino acid activation and polypeptide synthesis in cell-free systems. Pressure may decrease transl...


Adenovirus, the usual cause of the common cold, currently is classified into 52 serotypes. These authors report three cases of severe pneumonia caused by adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad14), a serotype that previously was rarely reported to cause illness. The patients (aged 17 months, 3 years, and 49 years) were admitted to two U.S. …


Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is one of the colloidal processes during in ceramic production and has gained significant interest because of the high versatility of its use with different materials including nanoparticles and its cost-ef fectiveness requiring simple equipment. Of the major parameters for ceramic processing involving the EPD, preparation of the suspensions and application methods of electric fields are particularly important factors that af fect the microstructure. At the beginning of this review, we introduce the fundamental aspects of the EPD processing. We then focus on the following four points: (1) the stability of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O2 /ethonol suspension by the addition of phosphate esters and its influence on the subsequent EPD process, (2) the stability of a TiO2/(2-propanal+2.4-pentanedione) suspension, which is a suspension without dispersants, (3) the film performance of the pulsed direct current EPD using an aqueous suspension, and (4) the laminated textured ceramics by EPD in a strong magnetic field.


Solar gases have been recently reported in Parsa, an EH3 chondrite. In an effort to check whether solar gases are uniformly distributed throughout Parsa or they are located in specific phases, we analyzed two additional samples of bulk Parsa and one aubritic nodule for N and noble gases. Nitrogen studies are intended for the understanding of the nitrogen components distribution in E-chondrites. The N-systematics of the nodule are entirely different from the bulk samples. The higher N contents in this nodule, as well as its complex delta(sup 15)N structure, as compared to the normal aubrites, is suggestive that the nodule is not a genuine aubrite.


. By means of Laplace transforms and their inverses we first solve the Varma transform, considered as an integral equation for an unknown function in the integrand. We then express two operators of fractional integration in terms of Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms.


Objective: To observe the temporospatial expression pattern of osteopontin involved in sutural distraction osteogenesis and the signal transduction process.Methods: The parietal bones with the midsagittal suture were removed from 14-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,and divided into four groups.In the experimental groups,tensile force(0.3 g) was applied by helical springs to the midsagittal suture,whereas helical springs with no tension(0 g) were set in the control groups.After cultured for different time(1 h,6 h,3 d,7 d,10 d,14 d),the immunohistochemical staining was committed to detect the temporospatial expression pattern of osteopontin.With parts of media contain Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide,a block agent to integrin receptors,semiquantitative analysis was committed to detect the influence of Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide to osteopontin induction. Results: The tensile force significantly increased the expression of osteopontin expression.It started to increase at day 3,peaked at day 7,then decreased slowly,compared with the control.The osteopontin induction during suture distraction can be inhibited with addition of Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide.Conclusion: Mechanical stress upregulates osteopontin expression in distracted sutures with some temporospatial pattern.Occupancy of integrin receptor clustering may be a prerequisite to the signal transduction process that leads to the induction of osteopontin expression.


Advances in wireless communication place an increasing number of demands on antenna performance, necessitating the presence of various capabilities in a single device. Reconfigurable antennas are frequently utilized to meet these various application demands within a restricted area. The purpose of this book chapter is to summarize general introduction about hard ferrites, different synthesis methods of ferrite for antenna application and altering functioning of antenna by reconfiguring them by ferrites. Along with this we have also focused on miniaturization and reconfiguration of antennas which is becoming a very important aspect of wireless communication devices. Miniaturization and reconfiguration of antennas involves a deliberate alteration in the form and/or electrical behaviour of the antenna, leading in a change in the antenna's functioning.


This paper is a critical review of exponential smoothing since the original work by Brown and Holt in the 1950s. Exponential smoothing is based on a pragmatic approach to forecasting which is shared in this review. The aim is to develop state-of-the-art guidelines for application of the exponential smoothing methodology. The first part of the paper discusses the class of relatively simple models which rely on the Holt-Winters procedure for seasonal adjustment of the data. Next, we review general exponential smoothing (GES), which uses Fourier functions of time to model seasonality. The research is reviewed according to the following questions. What are the useful properties of these models? What parameters should be used? How should the models be initialized? After the review of model-building, we turn to problems in the maintenance of forecasting systems based on exponential smoothing. Topics in the maintenance area include the use of quality control models to detect bias in the forecast errors, adaptive parameters to improve the response to structural changes in the time series, and two-stage forecasting, whereby we use a model of the errors or some other model of the data to improve our initial forecasts. Some of the major conclusions: the parameter ranges and starting values typically used in practice are arbitrary and may detract from accuracy. The empirical evidence favours Holt's model for trends over that of Brown. A linear trend should be damped at long horizons. The empirical evidence favours the Holt-Winters approach to seasonal data over GES. It is difficult to justify GES in standard form–the equivalent ARIMA model is simpler and more efficient. The cumulative sum of the errors appears to be the most practical forecast monitoring device. There is no evidence that adaptive parameters improve forecast accuracy. In fact, the reverse may be true.


At present, high-speed railway is faster and faster, which puts forward higher safety requirements for high-speed railway, and the on-board equipment for CTCS-3 train control system is vital. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out real-time monitoring of the various parts of the on-board equipment in order to find the fault, isolate the fault and eliminate the fault and improve the safety of high-speed train. this paper presents the on-board equipment Prognostics and health management (PHM) research, the use of intelligent diagnosis algorithm and prediction techniques, according to the health assessment of residual life prediction and the on-board equipment for train control system state maintenance and condition based maintenance (CBM) provide a theoretical basis. Taking the GSM-R receiving station of the train control system as an example, it is concluded that the scoring standard and health index (HI) are more reliable for fault prediction and health management.


Amazonian scorpions belonging to the family Chactidae Pocock, 1893 are studied. The male of Hadrurochactas polisi (Monod & Lourenco, 2001) is recorded for the first time and a short diagnosis is proposed. A new species is described, Broteochactas cauaburi sp. n., based on a female specimen collected in the upper Rio Negro region in Brazil.


T and B cell-mediated immune responses play a critical role in the control and modulation of autoimmune diseases. NF-kappa B Activator 1 ( Actl ) ,also called ( connection to IK B kinase and stress-activated protein kinases,CIKS) , is a recently identified molecule, which activates NF-KB . Recent studies have shown that Actl is a key positive regulator of IL-17 signaling pathway,and an important negative regulator of B cell-mediated humeral immune responses through its function in CD40L and BAFF signaling. Actl is critical for TH17 and B cell mediated autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, Actl may play important roles in ontogenesis. Such seemingly opposite functions of Actl in CD40-BAFFR and IL-17R signaling are orchestrated by different domains in Actl. Such delicate regulatory mechanisms may provide a common vehicle to promote balance between host defense to pathogens and tolerance to self.

Key words:
Actl ; IL-17; CIMOL-BAFF; Autoimmune and inflammatory responses


This study designed to explore miRNA expression profiles between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell lines and normal liver cell lines and investigate its role involved in carcinogenesis.Here we use a microRNA qPCR array method to analysis the expression level of 96 human miRNAs in HCC cell line HepG2 and normal liver cell line L02;then the screening results were validated by another HCC cell line Huh7 through Realtime PCR.Finally an in silico strategy was employed to obtain the predicted target genes of the miRNA.Total of 9 microRNAs were identified as down-regulated in HCC versus normal liver,including let-7a,miR-10a,miR-107,miR-124a,miR-132,miR-133a,miR-154,miR-302c,miR-373.Target genes of the 9 microRNAs have been found to involve in 19 biological pathways and most of the pathways have been implicated in carcinogenesis.


We discuss the present status of study of the elastic backward (in the c.m. frame of colliding particles) scattering, as well as the breakup, of unpolarized and polarized deuterons and 3He nuclei on a nuclei (proton) target at the energy range of few GeV's.


The behavior of Culiseta melanura was studied at sites in, near and away from an inland endemic focus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) between 1976 and 1979 using light-CO2 traps and resting shelters. During 3 seasons, nonblooded females, blooded/gravid females and males increased and decreased synchronously at the swamp center, the swamp perimeter and at a village 2 km away from the swamp. Both sexes were more abundant at the swamp center during May and June but more abundant at the perimeter thereafter. Males were much fewer at the village and, although there were more females in and near the swamp, a significantly greater proportion of females at the village was parous and/or blooded/gravid. Light-CO2 traps caught fewer nonblooded females in the swamp than did shelters, but more than shelters at the village. Only shelters were effective in collecting blooded/gravid females and males. Population density, parity and dispersion patterns were correlated to rainfall patterns during July-to-September periods. Parity data indicated that Cs. melanura remains in the swamp when populations are low or during adverse weather conditions but, during periods of high populations or warm, wet weather, older females, and presumably older males, spread at least as far as the village. Of 2009 blooded females tested, 99.7% had fed on birds, 83% of the total on passerines. Nonavian feedings occurred simultaneously with high Cs. melanura populations and irrespective of distance from the breeding swamp. During the EEEV transmission seasons Cs. melanura populations at the perimeter had the greatest vector potential (as herein defined), but as late-season populations increased, vector potential was relatively greater more distant from the swamp. The vector potential for this inland area of New York strengthens the hypothesis advanced for coastal foci that Cs. melanura , though an unlikely epidemic vector, serves as the enzootic vector of EEEV and is responsible for carrying the virus from the swamp to domestic and peridomestic birds.


The presence of Ge during the synthesis of thin film kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) solar cell absorbers boosts their power conversion efficiency, especially due to an improved open circuit voltage. The mechanism underlying this beneficial effect of Ge is still under debate. We gained deep insights into the role of Ge by applying advanced synchrotron nanoprobe-based X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy to cross-sectional lamellas taken from high efficiency devices. We observe that Ge remains in the CZTSe absorber layer after the synthesis process with a specific heterogeneous distribution. Different grains contain different Ge concentrations. Moreover, Ge depletion exists at random grain boundaries but not at symmetric Σ3-boundaries, leading to different band alignments. The incorporated Ge occupies Sn lattice sites in the CZTSe crystal structure; however, the concentration is only 0.1 to 0.5 at %. Also Ge aggregates in nanoscale inclusions, which we could id...


BACKGROUND: Perforator flaps are used to repair skin and soft tissue defects. As a bridge between adjacent perforator vessels, choke vessels play an important role in the survival of extended perforator flap. OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and progress of the growth of choke vessels in perforator flaps. METHODS: A computer‐based search of PubMed, CNKI and SinoMed databases was performed for the relevant literature concerning the research status and progress of the growth of choke vessels in perforator flaps published from 1984 to 2017. The keywords were "perforator flap, perforator vessels, choke vessels, choke zone" in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 51 articles were included for summary. Perforator flaps are extensively used to repair skin and soft tissue defects caused by various factors. Adjacent perforter vessels are connected by choke vessels, and the extended perforter flap survival is closely related to the dilatation and growth of choke vessels. Similarity may exist between the growth of choke vessel and angiogenesis. Hypoxia and ischemic preconditioning and inflammatory environment may promote the growth of choke vessels.


Objective: To report our experience on patients less than 18 months of age in whom stents were placed either in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or pulmonary arteries. Background: Although percutaneous placement of intravascular stents in congenital heart disease is common practice, there are few reports regarding placement in young children. Methods: Retrospective review of our database identified 19 patients less than 18 months of age who underwent placement of 26 stents in either the RVOT or pulmonary arteries. Data evaluated were patient age, gender, weight, site of narrowing, type of stent, gradient across the area of narrowing pre‐ and post‐stent placement, vessel size pre‐ and post‐stent placement, gradient, and vessel size on followup, and ability to redilate the stent if necessary. Results: Mean patient age was 9.7 months (range 0.5–17.5 months). There were 14 males and 5 females with a mean weight of 7.1 kg (range 2.3–10.2 kg). Five patients had stents placed in the RVOT and 14 patients had 21 stents placed in the branch pulmonary arteries. Two Johnson and Johnson P188 stents were used, 23 premounted Genesis biliary stents and 1 other. Gradient across the stenotic area decreased from a mean of 52.9 mm Hg (range 20–80 mm Hg) to 15 mm Hg (range 3–40 mm Hg) (P <.001). Conclusions: Percutaneous placement of intravascular stents in young children is a viable procedure, can provide excellent relief of stenoses, and increases vessel size in the short term. Although many of these stents cannot be dilated to adult size, their efficacy in small infants and children in whom further surgery will ultimately be required makes them desirable for this group of patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A mathematical analysis of the failure of semiconductor junctions due to EMP induced pulses is presented. Included in this discussion are: the effects of finite-size p-n junctions on maximum temperature build up; an evaluation of interpulse cooling; and a determination of the response of these devices to damped periodic waveforms. Limitations of the results are presented. Such information will be generally useful for performing preliminary damage assessment and/or screening of devices.


The video wave-form of CCD photocharge, clocked out at very high pixel rates, is a sequence of narrow voltage pulses. Pulse height is proportional to the recovered charge. A method and circuits are described for digitizing such waveforms in a 10-bit range at rates exceeding 75 MHz. Signal processing includes a wide-band clamping amplifier, a self-clocked peak detector, a very fast track/hold amplifier and a 75 MSPS, 10-bit flash converter. Digital data can be stored either in a local high speed RAM or transferred by a fast fiber-optic link to the remote digital storage. Test results (such as linearity, dynamic range and signal/noise ratio) are also given. >


The effects of alcoholic solvents on the charge transport properties of tosylate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT-OTs) are investigated. The use of different alcoholic solvents in the oxidative chemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with iron(III)-p-tosylate led to a change in the electrical conductivity of PEDOT-OTs. For example, PEDOT-OTs prepared from methanol shows a conductivity of 20.1 S cm−1 which is enhanced by a factor of 200 as compared to PEDOT-OTs prepared from hexanol. The variation of charge transport properties on the use of different alcoholic solvents is consistent with the data recorded by UV-visible and electrospin resonance (ESR) measurements. From XPS experiments, the PEDOT-OTs samples prepared from different alcoholic solvents were found to have almost the same doping level, suggesting that the number of charge carriers is not responsible for the change in conductivity. Supported by XRD results, it was found that the use of alcoholic solvents with shorter chain length induces more efficient packing of PEDOT chains. It is proposed that the alcoholic solvents associated with the counter ion of PEDOT via hydrogen bonding give rise to a change in the molecular ordering of PEDOT chains during the polymerization step, hence enhancing or depressing the inter-chain hopping rate of the resulting PEDOT-OTs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry


This paper analyzes the daily,ten-day's,monthly,interannual variability and long-term tendency variation of nearshore sea temperature of China by using the daily averaged SST between 1959~2003 measured by 13 ocean observatories,together with interrelated data.It further discusses the atmospheric and climatic factors that affecting multi-temporal SST variability in China nearshore area.


The starting point for this study was curiosity for the references in the Salons, in the margins of the works on show, to many works of art which need to be present in the visual memory of the subscribers to the Correspondance litteraire and of modern readers. When criticising contemporary works, Diderot refers to models, in the form of the most famous masterpieces of past centuries. It is obvious that the philosophe needs art history, but what has been less studied is how these memories influence the way he sees. Which works does he choose in order to develop the imaginary universe of the Salons What is the purpose of the analogies thus created ? This article aims to demonstrate that Diderot wants to judge the art of his own time by the standards of an 'imaginary museum', that he sets up a parallel between the real exhibition and invented comparisons, and that this is at the heart of his criticism.


. In this study, I discuss the effectiveness of solution focused approach in support for re-employment through the case. The client in this case hoped for re-employment while feeling the social anxiety and lost confidence from the unemployment experience of happening one after another. In this case, therapist expanded the solved image the client told. That was empowerment leading to re-employment. The client has begun to imagine actuality different from now through a miracle question. This talk was expanded by the method with the effective humor. That promoted the client talking solved images. That was "Hope and possibility" in the job-hunting for the client. That supported client's re-employment. It is suggested that it is effective to use solution focused approach in support for re-employment.


1. Territoriality is widely accepted as the mechanism responsible for density-dependent mortality, emigration, and 'self-thinning' of populations of juvenile salmonine fishes in streams. Numerous studies have focused on territoriality exclusively in stream (lotic) environments and thus have fostered a stereotyped view of juvenile salmonines as sedentary and territorial. We term this behavioural paradigm the central-place territorial model (CPTM). 2. We tested predictions characterizing the CPTM for young-of-the-year (YOY) brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in two Canadian lakes to determine if territoriality may also potentially limit space and population size of brook charr in lakes. 3. Our findings were not consistent with the CPTM. Fish in both lakes were not central-place forages. Maximum displacement distance did not increase with body length as predicted by the general salmonine model of Grant and Kramer (1990). Net displacement distanced increased with the proportion of time spent moving. Aggressive frequency was greatest for fish which spent large proportions of time moving and did not defend from a central-place. 4. Fish in both lakes were rarely aggressive, highly active, and often moved back over the same areas. However, lake fish which migrated to a tributary stream had no net displacement (central-place foraging) illustrating the immediate effects of current on foraging tactics and space-use. 5. The effect of hydrodynamic environment (flowing vs. still water) on fish behaviour needs to be explicitly considered in future models of salmonine behaviour.


Wild edible plants play an important role in ensuring food and livelihood security for most ethnic minorities occurring in Pu Luong Nature Reserve. These plants are commonly consumed as raw fresh or cooked vegetables. In this study, scientific and local names, utilized plant parts along with habit and indigenous uses were identified. The study identified 52 plant species of wild edible plants, which belong to 38 families, 49 genera, and 52 species. Among them, 24 species are trees, 11 herbs, 9 shrubs, and 8 climbers. The study results contribute significantly to scientific data on the diversity of wild edible plants in Vietnam.


In 1997 several countries ratified the Kyoto protocol and so engage themselves to take into account the global warming, promote the sustainable development and act in order to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Within this context, energy in buildings is known to be one of the first greenhouse gases emitting sector. Consequently, determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties for each kind of façade components becomes necessary in order to evaluate accurately energy loss, to develop and enhance new products. Such determination should also lead to a better understanding of physics phenomenon. One way to determine these characteristics is the guarded hot box method. This experimental process, recognizes by the international scientist community, gives an accredit measure of conductance. The experimentation consists in placing a specimen between a hot and a cold chamber in which the environmental temperatures are measured and controlled. In 2005, the Building Science Laboratory started the designing of a guarded hot box. Several elements step in this project. Indeed, validity of measure is certified under numerous conditions presented in ISO 8990 "Thermal insulation – determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties – Calibrated and guarded hot box" The work described here is the designing phase of the box, which is oriented and thought in order to assume the best accuracy, obtain the necessary conditions of homogeneity and respect prescriptive criteria list. The designing involved the creation of CFD pre-designing models as decision support system. Thus, some predictive models were created in order to approximate the main dimension of the device and then designing the box integrating general constraints as for example weight or local dimension.


C arbapenem-hydrolyzing ␤-lactamases belonging to Ambler classes A, B, and D have been reported worldwide among Enterobacteriaceae (1, 2). In Turkey, the wide dissemination of OXA-48-producing isolates (from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Esche-richia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae) has been demonstrated, defining this country as being endemic for OXA-48 (3–5). Apart from OXA-48 producers, isolates producing other types of carbapenemases (NDM-1, IMP-1, and KPC-2) were recently identified in Turkey as well. The non-OXA-48-producing carbapenemase producers reported from Turkey are the following: six NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (6, 7), four IMP-1-producing K. pneumoniae isolates (7, 8), and a single KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolate (9). The spread of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae is now considered to be almost global (10). However, only a few outbreaks of NDM-1 producers have been reported. So far, most of the reports from many countries have been scattered and corresponded mainly to importation cases (1). Our study was designed to evaluate retrospectively the occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. An increased number of car-bapenem-resistant isolates recovered from patients hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a short period prompted us to perform such a study. All enterobacterial isolates presenting with reduced susceptibility to imipenem (MIC Ն 0.5 ␮g/ml) were collected between 1 January and 1 May 2013 (a 4-month period), consisting of a total of 22 isolates. The MICs of the carbapenems were determined by the Etest (AB bioMérieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France) on Mueller-Hinton agar plates at 37°C, and the results of susceptibility testing were interpreted according to CLSI guidelines (11). Those isolates were recovered mostly from urine samples, and also from rectal swabs (Table). All isolates were considered to be col-onizers. These were K. pneumoniae (n ϭ 12), E. cloacae (n ϭ 8), and E. coli (n ϭ 2) (Table 1). The isolates were resistant to all ␤-lactams, including carbapenems for most isolates (Table 2). However, some isolates were still categorized in the susceptible range for carbapenems (Table 2). In addition, they were mostly resistant to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, chlorampheni-col, sulfonamides, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin. All except two of them had low MIC values (Ͻ0.5 ␮g/ml) for colistin, as measured by the Etest. Carbapenemase detection was performed using the Carba NP test (12), and positive results were obtained for the 22 isolates. Thus, PCR assays were carried out with a series of primers designed to detect Ambler class A, B, and D carbapenemase genes, …


Medical literature generally acknowledges that persistent infection with HPV, especially types 16 and 18, is a predisposing factor for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. A similar relationship was found in penile, oropharyngeal and vulvar carcinomas. It has also been established that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted virus worldwide. WHO data shows too, that globally cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women and is responsible for about 300 000 deaths a year [1].

For these reasons, the possible prevention of cervical cancer draws enormous interest. This has seemed to become a reality after the introduction of the HPV vaccine, which induces a cell–mediated immune response preventing HPV infection for many years [2].

The idea of using an HPV vaccine in the prevention of cervical cancer seems logical, prompting many medical and public organizations to recommend vaccination of young girls as a means of reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. Nowadays, different programs of this prevention function in more than 50 countries [3].

The study presented by Deriemaeker and colleagues in this issue of CEJU deals with the public perspective of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination, using a questionnaire in a population of Belgian students.

The study, with the obvious drawback of a very low response rate (13%), is however quite interesting as it draws our attention to the very hot issue of HPV vaccination.

The problem is not only with the education that we, as medical professionals should give to people, but also how politics may influence medical decisions.

In the New England Journal of Medicine, Colgrave presented his study of decision–making in the US legislature concerning HPV vaccine implementation. He described that medical organizations generally support the idea, but he also claimed that opponents of HPV vaccination put up many counter arguments.

The first of these was concern about the vaccine's unknown long–term side–effects.

Secondly, there is the lack of long–term data proving whether the vaccination really decreases the mortality rate of cervical cancer and not only prevents HPV infection. We know that the time interval from HPV infection to the development of pre–invasive cervical lesion is 7 years and to invasive cervical carcinoma is even 25–30 years. In fact, studies showing a huge possible reduction of cervical cancer mortality and cost–effectiveness of the vaccination are very appealing, but they are only projections.

Other opponents argue that the process of introducing HPV vaccination was very strongly lobbied by pharmaceutical companies [4].

There are also claims that vaccination of young girls against the sexually transmitted viral infection may promote earlier initiation of sexual activity [5].

So the study of Deriemaeker, in fact, shows the result of this educational and political debate in Belgium. The opinions of a particular population were analyzed – students, including many medical students, from an open modern society with more than 50% atheists, in a wealthy country where access to the HPV vaccine is free of charge. We may therefore assume that in this group knowledge of the problem as well as the vaccination rate will be near–optimal. Any less educated, more traditional groups from poorer populations or from countries without vaccine reimbursement would be less aware of the problem and more reluctant to vaccinate against HPV.

The data showing that 82% of respondents were aware of the link between HPV and cervical cancer, and a 62% vaccination rate overall, with 82% under 21 years of age, are very encouraging

So the conclusion of the study is, that in Belgium the debate in the well–educated, young part of society has been won by proponents of HPV vaccination. It is even more visible in medical students who, because of their future profession will probably confer the message to the general public On the other hand, we may suspect that much is to be done to promote HPV vaccination in other populations. It is especially important because HPV vaccination is to play a more important role in populations where other forms of cervical cancer prevention such as access to good gynecological care, and cytological screening are not so easily or widely available.


Given the current impact generated by human activities, biodiversity studies along the Chilean Pacific coast are a matter of high interest to scientists and decision makers. Actually, biodiversity is an important tool for the design, conservation and management of marine protected areas (CONAMA 2006; Salmo et al. 2000) as well as it is required for environmental impact evaluation and baseline studies under the environmental Chilean regulation (Buchmann et al. 2009). Actually, the marine Magellan ecosystem appears to be suitable for aquaculture. In fact, the Magellan area is under high pressure of a newly implemented salmon farming industry (Buchmann et al. 2006). In this sense, benthic diversity studies should have a high priority, because information about actual diversity patterns is urgently needed as baseline data for the recognition of future changes. However, the calculation of diversity in marine benthic communities is highly complex, because many supplies are required. We need, for example, to develop high ecological information level and a well-known species inventory of the area. In the moment we lack in the Magellan area large-scale studies to update environmental and taxonomical information. In this context, polychaetes with more than 300 described species (Montiel et al. 2005) are the second most diverse invertebrate group in the Magellan benthic realm (cf. Häussermann & Försterra 2009; Montiel et al. 2005; Montiel & Rozbaczylo 2009). Paradoxically, scarce studies on taxonomy and ecology of this invertebrate group have been realized in the Magellan area up to now, thus underlining that such studies on polychaetes are urgently needed. Under this scenario, we would like to dedicate the second 2010 number of the Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia (Volume 38, number 2) to Prof. Ernst Ehlers (1835–1925). He worked worldwide on polychaete taxonomy and he was the first annelidologist studying intensively the Magellan polychaete fauna. In his monographs "Polychaeten Hamburger Magelhaensische Sammelreise (149 pag., 9 plates, Hamburg, 1897)" and "Die Polychaeten des Magellanischen und Chilenischen Strandes, (232 pag. 25 plates, Berlin 1901)" he described 36 new species from 50 Magellan sampling sites. Nowadays, these monographs are considered an important contribution to the actual knowledge of the polychaete diversity and zoogeography in the Magellan area.


An estimation-prediction approach to congestion control in ATM networks is proposed. The method attempts to achieve efficient utilization of available bandwidth by taking preventive measures long be- fore a congestion occurs. The estimation and the prediction of the traffic model is based on the fact that underlying traffic model is a Markov process. Cell counts in consecutive fixed frames are observed for the purpose of estimating the sources state. Kalman filtering, is used to obtain estimates. The first passage time from the present state to an over- load is treatled using matrix spectral expansion. Nu- merical results illustrating the technique are given.


Successful mitigation is important for China not only because it will avert dangerous and potentially catastrophic climate change. It is also important, and a defining challenge, because it will only be possible if China is successfully dealing with major economic reform challenges – increasing energy prices, reforming the energy sector, rebalancing its economy – and if it is assuming a greater responsibility for global leadership.


Summary By means of a simple experimental set-up the principal modes of supply of ions to the root surface of tomato plants could be illustrated with quantitative data. The impor tance of transpiration and of concentration in the solution for the mechanism of supply by mass-flow is illustrated. The data make it possible to calculate the necessity of additional supply by diffusion under certain conditions and its relative importance. Both the expected phenomena of either strong depletion or accumulation of ions in the solution in the rooted zone were confirmed by substrate analysis.


The purpose of this research is to analyse the factor that influence level of awareness of UiTM KBM students towards 'No Plastic Bag Campaign'. The research discussed three factors that influence the level of awareness which are environmental knowledge, behaviour and role of mass media. The approach of this research were tested using the spearman-rank order correlation. Data were collected among 200 of students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The implication of this study is that environmental knowledge, behaviour and role of mass media can influence the level of awareness of students at UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka.


Electronic commerce includes performing transactions with customers over the Internet for purposes such as home shopping, home banking, and electronic cash use; performing transactions with other organizations through the use of electronic data interchange (EDI); gathering information relating to consumer market research and competitors; and distributing information to prospective customers through interactive advertising, sales, and marketing efforts. Benefits of e-commerce to companies include a wider potential market (i.e., global access); lowering of transaction costs; increase in the speed of transactions; improved economies of scale; minimization of human intervention in business processes; and unlimited access to product information for customers (Sesan, 2000). However, the emergence of electronic commerce has also brought with it a number of challenges, especially in the developing nations like Nigeria. This paper discusses the challenges of electronic commerce in Nigeria. In this study, the current status of E-Commerce in Nigeria is evaluated. The study highlighted the most important factors that needed to be considered in order to support the proliferation and advancement of e-commerce in Nigeria. The paper examines the challenges that is hampering the growth of e-commerce in Nigeria. The paper will equally survey the opportunities offered by ecommerce and lastly offer solution on how some of these critical challenges will be overcome.


eral missions. The best state universities rank among the most prestigious institutions of higher education in the world and pride themselves on the quality of their academic programs. Other state universities strive to emulate the best. In this respect, state universities are similar to private universities of similar size. In contrast to most private universities, however, state universities have a special obligation to make their academic programs accessible to a wide cross section of the state population, in particular, to undergraduate students from low-income and minority families in the state. We use the terms "educational quality" and "access" to describe these two missions.' Educational quality and access may conflict when state universities formulate tuition policies. If a state university requires additional revenue to maintain the quality of its undergraduate programs, the attractiveness of a tuition increase depends, among other considerations, on the extent to which the higher tuition will discourage applications by


Aims:  The purpose of the present study was to probe sensitivity to potentially misleading negative feedback on cognitive tasks as a possible mechanism of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with mild depression.


The Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ was formulated as a function of concentration, temperature, and chain length (P) on the basis of light scattering data for two monodisperse polyisoprene samples in dioxane in the region encompassing the θ temperature. It was found that when extrapolated to the immiscibility region, the resulting χ predicts binodals, spinodals, and critical points which agree almost perfectly with observed results. Another important finding is that χ depends distinctly on P even at high concentrations where chain overlapping takes place.


Cyberspace seems to be ubiquitous. It coexists with the real world and it constitutes its coded zero-one reflection. However, it deprives us of privacy, our constitutional right. Even more, the modern technology allows our fingerprint to be traced forever. Problems with maintaining online privacy in the face of the phenomenon of identity theft for criminal purposes, or the use of our data for property purposes in the broadly un-derstood internet marketing.


Songyu's descriptions about women show his ideal view on woman,which is obviously seen in the description of Wushan fairy maiden's thorough beauty.While he insists in the ideal standard to judge common female.That is to paise highly the virtuous,despise the frivolous,and detest the dissipate on the conditions of a fine figure.According to this analysis,Songyu could not be a slave to women as we misunderstood and should be reevaluated.


The invention discloses a safety protection system of mobile phone data. The system comprises an entrance identification system, a data backup system, a data transmission system and an external data receiving system, wherein the entrance identification system is used for identifying an input key and comparing the input key with a set key; the data backup system is used for backing up the mobile phone data; when the input key which is identified by using the entrance identification system is different from the set key, and a continuous input frequency reaches the upper limit of a set input frequency, the data backup system synchronously backs up data which is stored in a mobile phone; the data transmission system is used for transmitting the mobile phone data which is backed up, and transmits the backup data during the backup of the data which is stored in the mobile phone by using the data backup system; and the external data receiving system is used for receiving and storing the backup data, which is transmitted by using the data transmission system, of the mobile phone. By adoption of the safety protection system, the safety of the mobile phone data can be effectively protected; and when the mobile phone is lost, the backup data in the external data receiving system can be imported into a new mobile phone of a user, so that the loss of the mobile phone data caused by loss of the mobile phone is avoided, and the internal data of the lost mobile phone can be effectively recovered.


A regioselective lithiation of 1-methoxymethoxyindole at the 2-position was achieved with n-BuLi at 0°C. Subsequent treatment with electrophiles afforded 2-substituted 1-methoxymethoxyindoles, which were readily converted to 2-substituted indoles


Magnesium and / or magnesium hydroxide carbonate, and in an aqueous medium containing a monovalent cation of a range of concentrations, by reacting the organic raw material cell or processed product of the bacterium of coryneform bacteria, the volume of the aqueous medium without causing an increase in, while keeping the pH constant in the range, the production of succinic acid, non-amino organic acids such as malic acid or fumaric acid.


It has excellent etching capability to conductive polymer, accurate conductive polymer etching ink pattern obtained, and the patterning process of the conductive polymer with the conductive polymer etching ink an object of the present invention is to provide to provide. Conductive polymer etching ink of the present invention, a conductive polymer an etching agent, a thickener, and, characterized in that it comprises an aqueous medium. Also, the patterning process of the conductive polymer of the present invention is a patterning method using the conductive polymer etch inks.


The Management System for Safety and Health at Work, known as "Model Ecuador" is an Integrated Management System which is structured to address and resolve existing bugs in organizations, because if they materialize, will determine losses both human, economic as well as technology, for this reason this system proposes four pillars that are listed below: Administrative Management, Technical Management, Human Resource Management, Operational Processes Relevant.
As a first step, the diagnostic audit was conducted in the computer platform of Workplace, which could show the current position of the Institute on Safety and Health at Work.
Once that information is obtained, we proceeded to perform the identification of risks job, followed by ergonomic measures for staff, with all this information start is given to the design and development of elements and sub-elements of the system Management.......