In this paper we present an experiment aimed at improving automatic phonetic transcription of Dutch spontaneous speech through a variant-based method of pronunciation variation modelling. For spontaneous speech, the literature does not always provide enough rules to describe its characteristic phonological processes. Therefore, other methods should be applied to model pronunciation variation for automatic phonetic transcription. We show that a large amount of manually transcribed phonetic data is an extremely useful source for collecting pronunciation variants and their prior probabilities. From the results we can conclude that the adopted method is indeed suitable for improving automatic transcription of spontaneous speech, and that further improvements can be obtained by combining this method with rule-based methods of pronunciation variation modelling.


;The optimum multiplication conditions of indica TGMS rice lines like Pei'ai 64 S,ShuangdiS,Zhu 1 S,810 S and Xiang 125 S were studied through irrigating cold water with different periods .depth,temperature and consecutive days. Several key techniques about the multiplication of indica TGMS rice lines were put forward based on the research results of panicle bearing tiller rate.degenegrative spikelet rate,fertility of pollen and bagged seed set rate. The results as follows;first,the depth of irrigating cold water varise with the height between thermo-sensitive part of panicle and ground. TGMS rice lines like Peiai 64 S can be irrigated from the period of stamen and pistil, and the depth of irrigation should be 3 cm, gradually the depth should reach to 20 cm. While TGMS rice lines like 810 s should be irrigated from the period of pollen mother cell,and the depth of irrigateing water is 7cm,gradually the depth should reach to 15cm. Second,the period of cold water irrigation varies with different types of TGMS rice lines. TGMS rice lines like Peiai 64 S can be irrigated with cold water 20-22 days ahead of stamen and pistil,the treatment will last for about 18 days.7 days later of that the lines begin to head,within 13 days all panicle are fully head. Some types such as 810 s can be irrigated about 15 days before its initial heading data,which is just the period of pollen mother cell,this last for about 15 days,4 days later of the treatment the lines begin to head,within 8 days panicle are fully head.Third,the optimum multiplication temperature on different TGMS rice lines should be according to the experiments of temperature gradient. The temperature on Pei' ai 64 S and Zhu1 S are about 20. 8 ℃, while Shuangdi S is about 19.5 ℃. ,Xiang125 S and 810 S are 20.8 -22.℃. Growth of rices and development of young panicle will be harmed under too low temperature,while too high temperature will affect fertility and restoration of pollen.


The growth of seismic attributes technology in accelerating the advancement of exploration and development started in late 1960s, with identification of bright spots through seismic reflection traits. In between the captured timeline, pattern recognition or neural network-based analysis on seismic attributes since 1990s gradually bring significant improvement in defining structural or depositional environment. Dunham (2020) addressed insufficient labelled geophysical data for supervised classification challenges lead to the possibility of overtraining for small-scale labelled datasets and unstable predictions for unlabeled datasets. Automated 3D interpretation using CNN produced less convincing accuracy on dataset with larger incised channel (Gao, 2021). We explore an approach to improve channelized features prediction accuracy through Deep Learning (DL) algorithms by refining the quality of the input dataset.

 We developed supervised learning method using pixel-based segmentation and transformed matrix data into structural interpretation by constraining multi seismic attributes with ground truth dataset. It is divided into two (2) steps: 1a) Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) where sixteen (16) seismic attributes representing categories defined by Roden (2015) were extracted and normalized for feature's correlation; 1b) We choose fluvial dominated field dataset located in Malay Basin and use Python-based Labelling Tool (PyLT) to annotate 64 time slices penetrating I-27 to I-35 Lower Reservoir of Mid Miocene. Data cube were 2 ms-sampled with size of 1024 × 256 (inlines, crosslines) annotated in z-direction. Associated fluvial facies elements were interpreted into five (5) classes; 2) Application of DL in data augmentation and conducted hyperparameter testing to find the network configuration for optimal performance.

 A range of learning rates have been tested, from 1e-4 to 5e-6 at increments of 5e-6. We have settled on a learning rate of 5e-5, which provided the fastest training time without adversely affecting the training process by introducing unwanted instabilities. Small weight decay multiplier of 1e-3 is used to introduce weight regularization to mitigate overfitting. We tested various batch sizes from 8 to 128, in increments of powers of two. From our observation, increasing batch size led to increases in training speed and improved training stability. We have applied various range of drop out to prevent overfitting by removing unnecessary features during training stage and stabilized predictions while being the regularizer. It was observed dropout slows down the learning rate but yielded performance improvements on test dataset when increased from 0 to 0.3.
 Figure 1 (a) portrays two (2) inline sections representing spectral decomposition volumes with Log Pattern Analysis from nearby key wells where we can observe:
 Figure 1 Integrated methodology applied in this study consists of four (4) main steps: 1. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) for input data; 2. Define the ground truth based on two (2) scenarios; 3. Training the dataset and monitor the model's performance; 4. Geobodies extraction to be integrated with other relevant dataset.
 Figure 1 (b – input column), seismic attributes example (inset shown the Sweetness attributes) as part of the input data. We have chosen two (2) different time slices penetrating the studied channelized reservoir interval to identify different fluvial structures. Figure 1b (ground truth column) depicted dataset built using labelling tool. (Figure 1b – Prediction's column) shows It was observed that neural network is capable to capture distributary channels missed by attributes in binary classifications and Mud-Filled Channel (MFC) still can be detected through multi-facies classification even though facing small training dataset in Class III, as observed in deeper slice.

 We have adopted DL method to alleviate detection of fluvial facies despite dealing with limited dataset. Diverse augmentation method was applied to increase the accuracy of model after we have satisfied with the refined annotated ground truth dataset. Random flipping and rotations from 0° to 45° were applied to all tiles and corresponding labels to prevent possibilities of data overfitting and helps to generalize potential aspects of features that DL algorithms have not seen before.


Ultrasound (US) examination showed a partial tear of the long head of biceps tendon, associated with proliferative tenosynovitis and tendinopathy of the subscapularis tendon (Fig. 1). Treatment with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was begun, without adequate control of pain. After 1 week, the patient underwent a local corticosteroid injectionVperformed in another hospitalVadopting a conventional blind procedure. Four weeks after the corticosteroid injection, the patient returned to our hospital for the abrupt onset of swelling in the distal third of the right arm (Popeye sign) (Fig. 2A). A new US examination revealed the complete rupture of the biceps tendon with minimal retraction of the interrupted fibers. Moreover, enlargement of the subdeltoid bursa was detected (Figs. 2BYD). The long head of the biceps tendon can be affected by various acute or chronic inflammatory conditions, mechanical stress, or trauma that can lead to tendon rupture. A corticosteroid injection may weaken or retard the healing of an already injured tendon, increasing a risk of rupture. The risk increases when the needle takes direct contact with the tendon. This case regards the necessity to perform a corticosteroid injection in patients with concomitant chronic inflammatory conditions and preexisting tendon tears. When the procedure is really necessary, US guarantees safety, allowing the needle tip to be accurately directed toward and into the targets.


Abstract The pentahydrated uranyl orthovanadate (UO 2 ) 3 (VO 4 ) 2 ·5H 2 O was synthesized in shaken aqueous solution at 60°C, by reaction of UO 3 or a uranyl salt (acetate or nitrate) and V 2 O 5 . Single crystals were obtained by hydrothermal reaction at 180°C. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, space group Cmcm , with a =17.978(2) A, b =13.561(2) A, c =7.163(1) A, V =1746.3 A 3 , Z =4, ρ cal =4.3 g·cm −3 . The structure has been refined to R =0.048 and R w=0.047 using 1020 independent reflections with I >3 σ ( I ) collected on a Philips PW 1100 automated diffractometer using Mo Kα radiation. Uranyl ions have two distinct functions. U(1)O 2+ 2 uranyl ions are surrounded in an equatorial plane by five oxygen atoms of four different VO 4 tetrahedra which form pentagonal UO 7 bipyramids. The linkage of UO 7 bipyramids and VO 4 tetrahedra leads to (UVO 6 ) ∞ layers parallel to the (100) plane. The connection between these sheets is achieved by the other U(2)O 2+ 2 uranyl ions and water molecules. Thus, the compound may be considered a uranyl vanadate of uranyl and can be formulated (UO 2 ) 0.5 [(UO 2 )(VO 4 )]·2.5H 2 O. Dehydration is reversible and leads to a new anhydrous compound (UO 2 ) 3 (VO 4 ) 2 after intermediate steps corresponding to different hydrates. Unfortunately, the anhydrous product cannot be synthesized directly from UO 3 and V 2 O 5 by solid-state reaction.


ened her argument. As it is, her explanation of the meanings associated with art and play in the beginning of the book is not deep enough. By the term 'art of play', she accepts all the three following meanings in the beginning of the book: 'the art (skill) of being a fine player, the theoretical connections between art and play itself and the art images of people at play' (p. 9). But accepting all of them, the project stays at a superficial level without providing a deeper discussion and revolving around a general account. In this respect, although we can mark Beresin's book as an enlivened contribution to the literature of art and play, philosophically it stays at an introductory level. Notwithstanding these worries, Beresin's book gives satisfactory responses to the questions it raises for me around the role of art in children's culture, and the intrinsic relationship between imagination and invention in their mutual enrichment. These are tough but crucial questions, largely ignored by many of us. In this sense, the book can be helpful for pedagogues, folklorists, psychologists and academics.


AUTHOR Ellrod, Frederick E., III TITLE Synopsis of an Integrated Model of the Acting Person. PUB DATE Oct 83 NOTE 8p.; Paper presented at the Meeting of the Association for Moral Education (Boston, MA, November 11-12, 1983). Based on the model used in a four-year project on the foundation of moral education, sponsored by the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. PUB TYPE Viewpoints (120) Speeches/Conference Papers (150)


Objective To assess the role of frameless MRI image-guided neuronavigation and endoscope in transnasal transsphenoidal surgery for recurrent huge pituitary adenomas. Methods 28 image-guided endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal operations were performed for patients with recurrent large pituitary adenomas. Clinical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results The mean system error was (1.2±0.3)mm, and the continuous information regarding instrument location and trajectory was satisfactorily provided to the surgeon. For all cases, the system performed without malfunction. Among the 28 patients, 25 underwent total resection(89%) and 3 subtotal resection (11%). Postoperative complications included temporary diabetes insipidus in 5 cases(18%) and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in 1 cases (3.6%). Follow-up for 9 months~4 years (Mean, 2 years and 3 months) showed recurrence in 2 case(7.1%). Conclusion Neuronavigation and endoscope, combined in use during transnasal remove of the recurrent large pituitary adenomas can produce accurate location so as to raise the safety of operation and the rate of total resection.


The answer to the first of the two questions addressed to us is clearly "No." The 18 studies summarized in Table 1 reveal widely differing answers being offered in the literature, even sticking to post-2000 estimates, and even when one recognizes (as not everyone has done) that an effective exchange rate is a totally different creature from a bilateral dollar exchange rate and that one should expect estimates of undervaluation on each concept to be quite different. Nonetheless, of all 18 studies, only one (Wang) tries to argue that the renminbi might be overvalued. Moreover, the average estimates indicate substantial undervaluation. The simple average for the 14 estimates of the correction needed in the real effective exchange rate is 20 percent appreciation; the corresponding simple average for the 16 estimates for the bilateral rate against the dollar is an appreciation of 40 percent. The undervaluation shows signs of growing worse over time, as the average real effective appreciation needed rises from 17 percent in studies using data in the period 2000–04 to 27 percent in those using data for 2005–07 (table 1). Thus, although most of this paper concerns the answer to the second question, the source of differences among the estimates, dispersion of the individual results should not divert policy attention away from the forest and onto the trees.


Second harmonic generation (SHG) has recently emerged, having the advantages of no bleaching, no blinking, and no signal saturation, as well as a high signal to‐noise ratio compared to fluorescence. Existing SHG probes are based on heavy metal or organic dye molecules, which have the shortcomings of toxicity, a large size, or photoinstability. To address the urgent need for long‐term tracking and imaging in organisms, boron‐doped graphene quantum dots (B‐GQDs), a highly biocompatible graphene based with a strong and photostable SHG signal is first synthesized and is further applied for stem cell imaging and tracking in wounds. The results demonstrate the possibility of stem cell internalization of B‐GQDs as a SHG probe and show no hindering of the stem cell's central physiological activities such as differentiation. Most importantly, B‐GQDs are successfully tracked in skin tissue in vivo after the labeled mouse mesenchymal stem cells being implanted over 35 days. This work will inspire the development of doped graphene quantum dot materials and promote the broad use of B‐GQDs in future molecular imaging, drug delivery, and stem cell therapy.


As a system project critical to educational cause in China in the long run, the construction of teaching forces must be given a full attention and urgency.


Pathological examination of the eye When the eye was bisected a spherical white tumour the size; of a small.cherry was seen attached to the sciera on the temporal side. It had the appearance of growing from the sclera and its macroscopic appearance was-similar to that of scleral tissue. The attachment to the sclera was stalk-like. At its periphery it was again firmly adherent to the tunics of the eye and appeared here to be growing from the sclera. The tumour on section showed a spindle-celled, non-pigmented sarcoma. The fact that the tumour is non-pigmented is in favour of its scleral origin: most choroidal tumours are pigmented, but not all. On the whole, I (E.W.A.) am in favour of the clhoroidal origin, and I consider that it has arisen from non-pigmented cells in the choroid, and that its stalk-like attachment to the sclerotic is an invasion of the sclera by tumour cells.


This is an initial report from the PiCaM project reflecting some of the partners' concerns. We aim to raise within the MES community troubling questions about the nature of such projects engulfed in EU discourses of citizenship and school learning in response to globality whilst nevertheless seeking to find a way of acting in the world and trying to find, however limited and partial, an answer to the question: "what is to be done?" We are aware that equally troubling questions could be raised about the notions of mathematics itself and of mathematics education but these are not the focus of this report. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE PiCaM (http://www.citizenship-and-mathematics.eu/) is co-funded through the ERASMUS + Programme of the European Union (Project number 2017-1-UK01KA201-036675) and therefore was initially framed in response to the discourse of an EU call for action on global learning. However, it involves six partners i and at least some of us are committed to a mathematics education that challenges neo-liberal assumptions about citizenship and problematises the concept of global learning. In presenting this report at MES alongside some of the curriculum artefacts the project has begun to produce, we seek critical feedback on designing a curriculum unit under such a call from a mathematics education community whose shared values make sense to us. Under what circumstances, if any, is such an application for funding, and the inevitable compromises involved, justified? We take the designing of curriculum artefacts for teachers to be in itself problematic inasmuch as they may be conceived of as unchangeable or as being the subject of an other's specific intentionality. How, if at all, is it possible for them rather to be conceived as openings to create spaces for interaction or spaces for dialogicality or even as creative experimentations that allow teachers and children from the margins to tell their own stories? If so, what ethical dilemmas remain?


Companies have established ISO 14001 Environmental Management System for some reasons. These reasons, which contribute to decide for implementing, are attractive returns of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. However, ISO 14001 Environmental Management System has brought some problems and shortcomings for the companies implementing it. Aim for this thesis to investigate and discuss what the most critical problems, shortcomings and featured benefits are in implementation period of ISO 14001 EMS for companies. In addition to all, another goal of this study is to identify the differences between companies depending on sector and locations of facilities (in Istanbul and out of Istanbul) in terms of problems and benefits. Two main hypotheses of this study are that; First is; "There are differences between the types of facilities in terms of problems, shortcomings and benefits of ISO 14001 EMS." Second is; "there are differences between the locations of organizations in terms of problems and benefits of ISO 14001 EMS."


Objectives To investigate the clinical values of three serum marker level alteration in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC).Methods The hepatoma specific band(HSB) activities of serum GGT,the levels of serum ferritin (SFn) and lipid associated sialic acid (LSA) were quantitated in different patients with liver diseases.Results The concentrations of HSB in patients with PHC (before transcatheter arterial embolization)increased significantly in comparison with chronic liver diseases and other tumors ( P 0 001).The concentrations of SFn and LSA in PHC were significantly higher than those in chronic liver diseases,but no differentiation was found between PHC and other tumor groups.The incidence of HSB,SFn and LSA in PHC group was 100%,53 3% and 67 8%,respectively.Conclusion The quantitative analysis of HSB activities of GGT is superior to that of SFn and LSA.The combined detection of several markers was helpful to diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PHC.


A description is given of the method, of the results of industrial trials, and of the introduction of a rapid method for determining the calorific value of combustible shales from the back-scattering of ..beta..-radiation on an ATS-1 instrument. The accuracy of the method developed for determining the calorific values of shales satisfies the requirements of GOST 147-74 and amounts to 125-170 kJ/kg.


"3-cyclopentylidene-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-ones as potent geometrically RESTRICTED protein KINASE INHIBITORS". The present invention relates to certain substituted indolinones geometrically constrained by sulfonamido of formula (I): wherein R 1 ~ R ~ ~ 12 ~ and X are variables defined herein. The geometrically constrained indolinones substituted with sulfonamido the preferred embodiments of the invention modulate the activity of protein kinases ( "PKs"). The compounds of this invention are therefore useful in treating abnormal PK activity-related disorders. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of treating diseases utilizing pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods for their preparation are also described.


Accessibility refers to products and services that allow people with disabilities to participate in the activities of life. I will talk about how technologies first intended for people with disabilities have later become mainstream. Examples include video chat, personal texting, personal GPS navigation, text to-speech, speech recognition, and optical character recognition (OCR). I will talk about emerging technologies for people with disabilities. Finally, I will talk about the importance of having people with disabilities in the diverse technology creation workforce.


The Atwood Machine, a classic apparatus in physics education, has historically been pivotal in demonstrating Newtonian mechanics, specifically Newton's Second Law. This study introduces an innovative adaptation, the circular Atwood machine, aimed at exploring circular motion and angular dynamics and integrating emerging technologies, specifically smartphone sensors. Through a rotating disc subjected to controlled external torque, the experiment delves into the relationship between the torque applied and the resulting angular momentum. The study not only presents the theoretical framework but also outlines a practical setup using readily available materials, emphasizing the potential for contemporary technology to enhance the comprehension and teaching of fundamental physical concepts.


Today, more adults are participating in online education than ever before. The latest data from the Department of Educational Statistics show an increase of students taking all coursework online grew to 15.4% (Ginder, Kelly-Reid, & Mann, 2018). Despite this trend, some adults lack the readiness to engage in formal adult education. Readiness and other factors such as time and personal matters adults encounter are some of the most significant challenges for institutions in addressing attrition rates, which average 38% (USDE, 2011). The Army higher education programs experience the same problem in their educational institutions (U.S. Army War College Data, 2016). Retention and education of military service members directly impacts the readiness of military units. This study examined the relationship of self-directed learning readiness and completion of the Army War College Distance Education Program (AWCDEP). Prior research has examined other aspects of student achievement in the AWCDEP, yet self-directed learning readiness has not been specifically explored. The AWCDEP is the equivalent to a civilian master's program for the Army formal education system. The data for 165 respondents were analyzed which included 134 completers and 31 non-completers. The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) was utilized for the study. Overall the research results indicated a high readiness for self-directed learning by both completers and non-completers of the AWCDEP. The three variables of family, AWCDEP course hours and participant work hours were examined. Participant work hours was the only significant indicator of AWCDEP completion. All participants with part-time (<40 hours) work hours successfully completed the AWCDEP. The SDLRS as an indicator of AWCDEP readiness was not a valid indicator of course completion. Work hours may RELATIONSHIP SDLR AND OFFICER COMPLETION IN AWCDEP iii impact future preparation of students for successful completion of the AWCDEP. RELATIONSHIP SDLR AND OFFICER COMPLETION IN AWCDEP iv Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my wife Brenda who supported me to pursue my dreams and finish my dissertation and to my parents who taught me a strong work ethic by example. RELATIONSHIP SDLR AND OFFICER COMPLETION IN AWCDEP v Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my committee Dr. E. Paulette Isaac-Savage, Dr. Kathleen Haywood, Dr. Cheryl Polson and Dr. Michael Porterfield. Their mentoring, encouragement and support made all the difference. Dr. Isaac-Savage kept me motivated and focused on numerous occasions. I would not have finished without her unwavering encouragement and support. To Dr. John Henschke, who started me down this lifelong learning adventure, I appreciate you teaching and modeling for me how adult education and andragogy is meant to work. I am grateful to Dr. William "Billy" Bridges who explained my data analysis in a way even I could understand. I am thankful to my family for their years of support. Working on coursework and dissertation on vacations that seemed to never end. I love and cherish the blessings of my wife Brenda to keep on going well past what was reasonable. And to the many other bosses, colleagues and friends who offered encouragement along the way – thanks. For the many times I answered the question – Are you done yet? The response was always "I'm getting real close." Well now the answer is "Yes, I am done!" Finally, to this blessing God has given me, I pray I will be the example and use this accomplishment for however he intends to be a blessing to others any way I can. RELATIONSHIP SDLR AND OFFICER COMPLETION IN AWCDEP vi


Abstract New substituted compounds of composition *Bi2-xPbxSrNb2O9-x/2 (O≤x≤2) have been isolated as single phases, keeping the basic structure of the Aurivillius oxides. These materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction methods, at different temperatures up to 850 °C, showing crystallographic transformations which could be related with a ferroelectric behavior. Measurements of the dielectric constant (e = e′'+ ie″'') as a function of the temperature for x = 1 and x = 1.5 compositions show an anomalous behavior in the real component, that could confirm the existence of a phase transition.


The quasi-seven-month oscillation (QSO) found in the atmospheric relative angular momentums and the length of day is analyzed in detail by using the Japan Meteorological Agency data. The major source of the QSO is the equatorial tropospheric zonal winds, in particular between the equator and 15°S. However, it seems to have been disturbed or marked by some effects of the ENSOs, behaving as an ENSO-connected intermittent oscillation. Its large amplitude, amounting to one third of that in the stratospheric QBO, results from its phase independency of height. Probably disparate from the QSO, exists the eight-to-ninemonth oscillation in the equatorial troposphere stationarily through all the data periods, including the El Nino periods


This paper examines the importance of network-based intergenerational correlations in South Africa. I use longitudinal data on young South Africans to examine the covariance of children's employment with the usefulness of parents in their job search. I find that fathers serve as useful network connections to their sons (not daughters), and that mothers do not seem to be useful network connections. The father-son effect is robust to alternate explanations of specific human capital and correlated networks. The size of this effect is large. Present fathers' utility as network connections may be responsible for a one-third increase in their sons' employment rates. (JEL D31, J12, J13, J24, J62, O15, Z13)


To ensure the track of the deep buried hill horizontal wells can effectively enter the buried hill reservoir and drill in the favorable reservoirs as geologists desired, we have established a method for designing the hole deviation angle of horizontal well for detecting the surface of deep buried hills. Taking the designing of the well trajectories starting from the high position of the buried hill to the low position, where entering the buried hill reservoir is relatively difficult and the favorable reservoirs tend to be drilled through as the research object, we have analyzed the relationship of the formation dip, reservoir thickness, tool angle building capability, and the designed inclination for detecting the surface of buried hills; considered the main influence factors, such as the angle between formation dip and designed azimuth, prediction error of the formation dip, the error of thickness prediction of the profitable reservoirs, etc.; established the model for calculation of the hole inclination for detecting the buried hills and have applied it to the design of horizontal wells into buried hills in Jidong Oilfield. The actual drilling shows that the design method has achieved the goal of effectively detecting the buried hill surface and drilling along the profitable reservoirs as the geologists desired.


Migraine is a common neurological disease,and it mainly depengds on expectant treatment in acute phase. This paper gives a systematic,comprehensive review of clinical research on immediate effect of acute migraine attacks in recent years,including acupuncture,Chinese herbs(CH) and Western drugs (WD). We find that CH study is generally lack of uniform standards for randomization,diagnostic and efficacy determination,which demands high-quality clinical study and demonstration urgently;Acupuncture and WD have definitely immediate effect,but the side effect of WD is more obvious; There is no report about whether acupuncture with WD can enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity,so it needs further study.


The systematic errors that appear in the course of measurements by the methods of high- accuracy polarimetry are considered. The polarizing prisms are revealed to cause those errors. Because of parasitic ellipticity of the emergent light and inaccuracy in orientation of the corresponding ellipses for the two prisms (polarizer and analyzer), measurements in experiment values involve a considerable quantity of unknown parameters. For these reasons the determination of parameters of the investigated media (for example, the gyrotropy) are characterized by large experimental difficulties. One of the methods of high-accuracy polarimetry based on the use of the elliptical polarizer (polarizer and quarter wave plate) and measuring the emergent light azimuth is considered. An automatic polarimeter, in which the above-mentioned approach is realized, is built. The apparatus may be used both for measuring the main parameters of optical anisotropy of crystals (optical activity, linear birefringence, rotation of optical indicatrix, electro-optic and electrogyration effects) and testing of elements of polarization optics (polarizes, compensators, modulators, optical windows).


The benefits of self-compacting concrete (SCC) have been well known for some time and well documented in these pages. However, the product is yet to break through into regular use in the UK construction industry. Market penetration of SCC sits currently around the 5-6% mark, with a large percentage of this being taken by the precast concrete sector. This pales into insignificance when compared with the material's use in continental Europe and beyond.


This paper provides an equilibrium model in which expected real returns on common stocks are negatively related to expected inflation and money growth. It is shown that the fall in real wealth associated with an increase in expected inflation decreases the real rate of interest and the expected real rate of return of the market portfolio. The expected real rate of return of the market portfolio falls less, for a given increase in expected inflation, when the increase in expected inflation is caused by an increase in money growth rather than by a worsening of the investment opportunity set. The model has empirical implications for the effect of a change in expected inflation on the crosssectional distribution of asset returns and can help to understand why assets whose return covaries positively with expected inflation may have lower expected returns. The model also agrees with explanations advanced by Fama [5] and Geske and Roll [10] for the negative relation between stock returns and inflation. THE NEGATIVE RELATION BETWEEN stock returns and (a) expected inflation, (b) changes in expected inflation, and (c) unexpected inflation, has been extensively documented.' Fama [5] brings forth a large amount of evidence to justify the hypothesis that an unexpected increase in the growth rate of real activity not only causes an increase in stock prices, but also a decrease in the price level and a decrease in inflation because of its impact on money demand.2 Geske and Roll [10] strengthen this hypothesis by showing that a decrease in economic activity increases the Federal budget deficit and that part of the deficit is monetized. Their analysis implies that a decrease in economic activity brings about an increase in the expected growth rate of the money supply and, hence, a larger increase in inflation than if there were no negative relation between real activity and the growth rate of the money supply. While the work of Fama [5], Nelson [22], and Geske and Roll [10] provides a convincing explanation of the relation


Heavy ion beams are delivered at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro by the accelerator complex Tandem–ALPI–PIAVE. The Tandem XTU is a Van de Graaff accelerator normally operated at terminal voltages of up to about 15 MV. The Tandem accelerator can be operated in stand–alone mode or as an injector for the linac booster ALPI. The linear accelerator ALPI is built of superconducting resonant cavities and consists of a low–beta branch, particularly important for the acceleration of the heavier mass ions, a medium–beta branch, and a high–beta branch. ALPI can be operated also with the PIAVE injector that consists of a superconducting linac and an ECR source. The PIAVE source was mainly used for the acceleration of intense noble gas beams but most recently also a first metallic beam was delivered to the users. The accelerator complex delivers beams of ions from protons to gold in three experimental areas on 11 different beam lines. A rich scientific activity is ongoing at the Tandem–ALPI–PIAVE accelerator compl...


e19079 Background: Previous research found that HOTAIR, a long non-coding RNA, aberrantly expressed and associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and chemo-resistance in many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HOTAIR in resistance of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. Methods: HOTAIR expression level was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in NSCLC cell lines or tumor tissues. A total of 52 samples with EGFR-mutant and EGFR-TKI-sensitive NSCLCs, 42 with acquired resistance and 46 with primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs were analyzed. The effect of HOTAIR on cell proliferation and apoptosis was undergone by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. The expression of EMT proteins was assessed by western blot. Results: HOTAIR was significantly down-regulated in lung cancer cells (PC9/R, H1975, H1299 and A549) and patients with primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. In clinical setting, high levels of HOTAIR expression was significantly correlated with lo...


2014 The chemical analysis of a very small area of a specimen requires simultaneous observation of this specimen at a convenient magnification. On the electron microscopy scale, two methods have been applied with thin film specimens : 2014 Spectroscopy of transmitted electrons : the energy losses of these electrons give a characteristic spectrum, which depends on the nature of the absorbing element or compound. For this purpose a velocity filter has to be attached to a conventional electron microscope. 2014 X-emission microanalysis, in a combined electron microscope-electron probe microanalyser. In the first case, the resolving power may be as good as that of the conventional electron microscope ; in the second case, resolution of about 2 000 to 3 000 Å has already been achieved but values of 200 Å should be possible. However the analytical possibilities of X ray microanalysis are certainly much greater, because the X spectra are much finer and more selective than the energy loss spectra. For metallurgical applications, the specimens can be thin films or extraction replicas. REVUS DE PHYSIQUE APPLIQUéE Toman 3, DÉCEMBRE 1968, PAGE


We report the covalent functionalization of exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) using dibromocarbene (DBC) species. The functionalization of BNNSs is enabled as the nanosheets are utilized as 2-dimensional (2-D) phase-transfer catalysts (PTC) for the migration of carbenes across the organic-aqueous phase boundary. We postulate that BNNSs stabilize carbenes by forming B-CBr2 ylides and in-turn act as the reaction substrate. DBC functionalization of BNNSs results in the formation of B-C and B-N bonds to the sp 2 hybridized BNNS lattice via the formation of dibromobridged bicyclo BCN systems. The covalent functionalization was characterised using HR-TEM, AFM, EELS, XRD, EDX, ToF-SIMS, TGA, Raman, XPS, FTIR, and UV-Vis techniques. Utilization of CBr2 groups as a means by which BNNSs may be integrated and interfaced with solvents, molecular and condensed phase materials was demonstrated by grafting alkyl chains from the functional groups via alkyl/halogen exchange. Alkyl-functionalized BNNSs were integrated within polyethylene (LDPE) and extruded to form BNNS-nanocomposite fibres. Implications of the covalent functionalization of h-BN are considered in the context of band-gap manipulation and the versatility of the CBr2 functional groups to enable subsequent chemical derivatization. Introduction In recent years, the exfoliation of 2-D layered materials has been achieved using mechanical, chemical and electrochemical techniques to produce single and few atomic layer nanosheets. 1-3 While electronic, magnetic and optical devices require patterning and the design of suitable contact geometries to efficiently probe their properties, 4 other applications for mechanical, thermal and complex 3-D architectures will require chemical compatibility to interface with solvents, molecular species and condensed phase substrates. Hence, the ability to firstly exfoliate and then secondly chemically modify the surface of nanosheets in a controlled fashion offers viable processing routes towards technological applications such as nanocomposites, electronics and energy storage, catalysis, sensing and diagnostics. 5,6 In the case of graphene converted to graphene oxide (GO); the ability to graft alternative chemistries to oxygen functional groups (-OH, C=O, -COOH) has facilitated enormous expansion of the application of GO and highlights the benefit of tuneable surface chemistry for the dispersion and integration of GO within solvent, molecular and condensed-phase systems. 7,8


This paper describes the architecture of Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Television Broadcasting(DMB-T) System. Its synchronization performance, multipath performance and multi-layer scheme are discussed. The implement flow of this system is also introduced.


ABSTRACT This study examines the performance of three hydrological models, namely the artificial neural network (ANN) model, the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning-D (HBV-D) model, and the Soil and Water Integrated Model (SWIM) over the upper reaches of the Huai River basin. The assessment is done by using databases of different temporal resolution and by further examining the applicability of SWIM for different catchment sizes. The results show that at monthly scale the performance of the ANN model is better than that of HBV-D and SWIM. The ANN model can be applied at any temporal scale as it establishes an artificial precipitation–runoff relationship for various time scales by only using monthly precipitation, temperature and runoff data. However, at daily scale the performance of both HBV-D and SWIM are similar or even better than the ANN model. In addition, the performance of SWIM at a small catchment size (less than 10 000 km2) is much better than at a larger catchment size. In view of climate change modelling, HBV-D and SWIM might be integrated in a dynamical atmosphere-water-cycle modelling rather than the ANN model due to their use of observed physical links instead of artificial relations within a black box. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor D. Hughes


Objective To investigate the expression of survivin,Ki-67 in the primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) in oral and maxillofacial region and the relationship between the expression of survivin,Ki-67 and histological phenotypes of NHL.Methods The expression of survivin and Ki-67 was determined by En Vision immunohistochemical technique in 39 cases with NHL in oral and maxillofacial region and 20 cases with lymphadenitis as the control.Results The positive expression rates of survivin and Ki-67 in NHL in maxillofacial region were 66.7%(26 /39) and 71.8%(28 /39),significantly higher than 20.0%(4 /20) and 10.0%(2 /20) in lymphadenitis tissue(P 0.05).The positive expression rates of survivin and Ki-67 in nodal and extra-nodal NHL were higher than those in the control group(P 0.05).There were statistical differences between survivin,Ki-67 expression in nodal and extra-nodal NHL(P 0.05).The expression of survivin and Ki-67 in highly malignant NHL was higher than that in lowly malignant(P 0.05).The expression of survivin(r = 0.471,P = 0.018) and Ki-67(r = 0.691,P = 0.000) was positively related to the level of histological phenotypes.Conclusion The survivin and Ki-67 expression play important roles in the occurrence and development of NHL in oral and maxillofacial region.They can be regarded as the prognostic indexes.


Objective To evaluate the heart function in patients with rheumatic heart disease with chronic atrial fibrillation by quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI).Methods Fourteen patients with chronic atrial fibrillation compared with 11 normal rhythm individuals.The parameters of hearts movement were measured by QTVI.The data were analysed.Results In patients with chronic atrial fibrillation,the atriums are larger than the other(P0.05),and SD of tricuspid annular is lower(P0.01),and E velocity of tricuspid flow is higher(P0.05),parameters relative to systole in right ventricle are lower(P0.05).Conclusion DTI/QTVI is fit for observing and measuring the movement of heart.In patients with chronic atrial fibrillation,their systole function of right ventricle is lower than that of the other group.


This article describes a method for 3D visualization of medical data called ray casting. Some advantages over the other rendering methods are showed and necessary techniques and tools with several improvements are discussed here.


Background and purpose: Aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus, which causes a wide spectrum of infections including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), depending on the patient's immune status and underlying lung disease. Among the Aspergillus spp, A. fumigatus remains the predominant agent of IPA. In patients with a preexisting lung cavity from a variety of causes, such as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) Aspergillus can colonize and grow into the cavity to form a pulmonary aspergilloma. In this present study we assessed TB patients for aspergilloma based on culture and non-culture based methods Materials and methods: During one year, we studied 124 patients with TB at Massih Daneshvari hospital from Tehran, Iran. Sputum specimens were analyzed by direct microscopic examination (DME) with 20% potassium hydroxide. These samples were also processed for fungal culture. The clinical and radiological features or CT-scan report of all patients were recorded. All patients were screened for serum specific IgG against A. fumigatus, using Aspergillus IgG ELISA Kit (Genesis Diagnostics Ltd, Cambridgeshire, UK). The results are expressed in U/mL. IgG 12 U/mL was considered as positive result based on kit manufacturer instruction. Results: Out of 124 patients with tuberculosis (66 male, 58 female, age range: 10-91 years), 54 had abnormal chest radiographic findings. Chest X-ray findings showed that 48 patients (38.7%) exhibited residual cavities (31 cases in right lobe, 10 in left lobe and 7 in both lung). Round shaped mass lesion was detected only in 6 patients (6.8%). DME of sputum was positive in 10 patients for septate fungal hyphae. A. fumigatus was grown from 14 samples of TB patients. Out of 124 TB patients, 55(44.3%) cases were positive for specific serum IgG against A. fumigatus. There was a significant relationship between positive culture, DME and serum IgG profile level (P< 0.05). Totally, three patients (2.4%) met criteria for aspergilloma Conclusion: Colonization with Aspergillus in preexisting lung cavity produced by TB should be considered as a risk factor for aspergilloma


Search engines like Google play a critical role in life-long learning. However, the query capabilities of such engines remain simple and often yield a result set that is too large. In addition, search engines like Google rely on page ranking algorithm that represents the "collective consciousness" of millions of users. Learning about specifics often involves context. This paper shows how mind maps can be used as a contextual mechanism to specify what needs to be learned and to filter and retrieve the relevant sources of learning from the Internet. In specific, a concept of "alignment" is introduced that filters only those information sources that are globally aligned to the mind map. The filter is implemented as a combinatorial optimization algorithm using Simulated Annealing


There is great international attention about how Mass is implemented in the shipping industry from now on, as the development of the technology of Mass is accelerating. In particular, it will be essential to provide new institutional strategies and identify regulatory barriers, in order to facilitate and realise such autonomous technology. This study focused on the duty to render assistance in distress at sea, which has not been discussed so far, of the normative study related to MASS. Duty to render assistance in distress at sea has been considered as customary law, and its duty has been contributed to the realisation of humanistic value. However, the advent of MASS raises a fundamental question as to whether MASS is able to implement its obligation effectively. Hence, this study looked at practical limitations relating to the implementation of the duty to render assistance in distress at sea of the MASS and presented appropriate countermeasures.


Summary: Reproductive and sexual dysfunction in men with epilepsy has been attributed to androgen deficiency. Low serum free testosterone (FT) levels occur in both hypogonadotropic and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been implicated. Proposed mechanisms include induction of increased sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) resulting in decreased FT, as well as dysfunction or premature aging of the hypothalamopituitary‐gonadal axis. In an investigation comparing serum reproductive steroid levels among 20 men receiving phenytoin (PHT) monotherapy for complex partial seizures, 21 untreated men with complex partial seizures, and 20 age‐matched normal controls, total estradiol levels were significantly higher in the PHT group (56.3 ± 29.4 pg/ml, mean ± SD) than in the untreated (32.4 ± 27.4 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and normal control (34.3 ± 12.7 pg/ml, p < 0.05) groups. The physiologically active non‐SHBG‐bound serum estradiol levels were also significantly higher in the medicated group (45.1 ± 21.7 pg/ml) than in the untreated (29.9 ± 17.2 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and normal control (31.1 ± 11.4 pg/ml, p = 0.05) groups. These findings suggest that PHT may lower FT by induction of aromatase, enhancing FT conversion to estradiol, as well as SHBG synthetase. Estradiol exerts a potent inhibitory influence on luteinizing hormone secretion and has been suggested to play a major role in negative feedback in men as well as women. Suppression of LH secretion results in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Chronically low FT leads to testicular failure and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Finally, estradiol has been shown to produce premature aging of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, which secretes go‐nadotropin‐releasing hormone.


In this paper a functional approach of a posteriori error estimation is applied to a shell deformation problem. A linear Koiter's shell model is considered and a new a posteriori error estimate for this problem is derived. Presented estimate can be used for any conforming approximate solution of the problem including solutions computed by commercial solvers with a closed source code.


Prethermalization When a physical system is subjected to a rapid change of conditions (for example, a gas of atoms is allowed to occupy a volume twice the size of the original container), it quickly achieves a new temperature (thermalizes) through collisions. However, in some quantum systems many conserved variables inhibit thermalization; understanding the phases the systems go through in the slowing process is of great interest to cosmologists and physicists. Gring et al. (p. 1318, published online 31 August) separate an ultracold one-dimensional gas of bosonic atoms into two nearly identical halves, and follow how local differences in phase between the halves evolve in time by examining their interference. Initially, the local phases are almost identical, but a rapid decoherence ensues, followed by a very slow further decay. The authors analyze the relative state reached after the initial fast decay and find that it can be described by an equilibrium function with an effective temperature several times less than the initial temperature. Because this cannot be the final state of the system, the authors term the initial process prethermalization. Two halves of a split ultracold gas of rubidium atoms retain memory of the initial state for an extended time. Understanding relaxation processes is an important unsolved problem in many areas of physics. A key challenge is the scarcity of experimental tools for the characterization of complex transient states. We used measurements of full quantum mechanical probability distributions of matter-wave interference to study the relaxation dynamics of a coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas and obtained comprehensive information about the dynamical states of the system. After an initial rapid evolution, the full distributions reveal the approach toward a thermal-like steady state characterized by an effective temperature that is independent from the initial equilibrium temperature of the system before the splitting process. We conjecture that this state can be described through a generalized Gibbs ensemble and associate it with prethermalization.


This study was to explore the relationship among the strategic orientation, knowledge management activities and innovation outcomes of the Taekondowon. For this, Taekondowon employees in Jeollabukdo provinces were surveyed. Except for eight questionnaires, final 192 out of 200 ones was statistically managed and SPSS 21.0 and LISREL 8.80 were used for statistical analysis. The result of this research was as follows. First, the market orientation of Taekondowon are significant to knowledge management activities of Taekondowon employees. Second, the entrepreneurial orientation of Taekondowon are significant to knowledge management activities of Taekondowon employees. Third, the knowledge management activities of Taekondowon employees are significant to innovation behavior. Lastly, the knowledge management activities of Taekondowon employees are significant to innovation acceptance.


A new design of a triode telefocus keV electron gun is presented, of which the focal distance can be varied during operation of the gun by axially adjusting the anode. The dependence of the maximum beam current density on geometrical and electrical quantities has been investigated in the neighborhood of the beam crossover, yielding the basic data for optimizing the gun performance under given experimental boundary conditions. At a crossover distance of 0.27 m a beam width (FWHM) of 65 μm corresponding to a current density of 3.1×104 A m−2 was attained at an acceleration voltage of 17.5 kV.


Text of speech delivered by Barbara Jordan before an audience at West Point Military Academy. She discusses the concepts of honor and duty while accepting the Sylvanus Thayer Award.


Mobile Internet traffic has been a vast amount by the Video-on-Demand (VoD) services. To reduce the enormous traffic to a mobile Base Station (BS), some techniques are proposed for offloading traffic among devices using Device-to-Device (D2D) direct communication. Several studies try to improve the offloading ratio by cooperating multiple devices. However, these require a long computational time while it degrades the performance from the environmental changes in devices' circumstances. This paper proposes a light-weight method to construct a mobile cooperative cache by assigning group IDs both to devices and contents. Each device selects its cache contents by checking the match of its own group ID and content group ID. Such scheme efficiently reduces a load of BS by distributing various contents among devices without much deployment of BSs and computational cost. Moreover, we utilize a D2D overhearing technology to accelerate the contents deployment. Since the D2D overhearing could increase traffic by flushing and homogenizing cached contents, we also propose a prioritized cache algorithm to keep the variety of contents by enduring the flood of the D2D overhear. Evaluation results in a stadium demonstrate that our group-based caching strategy reduces BS's traffic load up to 81.7% as well as a fast content distribution by a synergy effect of the D2D overhearing and the prioritized caching.


Background:  Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is a chemokine that causes chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes in vitro; however, its role as a chemoattractant in allergic inflammation is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nasal instillation of IL‐8 on the influx of inflammatory cells.


Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) constitutes one of the most outstanding approaches in the field of satisfiability checking. SMT problems over the real numbers are of special concern because of their importance in verification, theorem proving and design of hybrid systems. The usual methods of solving linear arithmetic are either based on Fourier-Motzkin elimination or the Simplex algorithm. The model-constructing satisfiability calculus (MCSAT) is a novel development in the context of SMT solving. Whereas the CAD method is already implemented as explanation generation in the MCSAT approach for non-linear arithmetic, a MCSAT approach for linear real arithmetic is not available. Since the Simplex method is not well-suited for explanation generation, a quantifier elimination method is needed. Although the Fourier-Motzkin variable elimination method can be quite expensive in practice, the aim of this paper is presenting a MCSAT approach for linear real arithmetic using the Fourier Motzkin variable elimination as explanation generation. This implementation is integrated as a theory solver into the MCSAT framework of the SMT solver SMT-RAT. As conclusion, the efficiency of the approach is analyzed. Dedicated to my grandmother, for whom I am still at the school.


As the market globalization and the entrance of WTO,the open degree of our country is improving gradually.The competition among enterprises is becoming the competition among brands.The agricultural enterprises in our country are facing the pressure from the competitors in abroad and at home.How to release the pressure for those agricultural enterprises is becoming an important project.Based on the offer of the meaning of agricultural product brand,the paper summarized the problems in the process of agricultural brands construction and put forward the brand building tactics for the farming products.


Heart failure (HF) a leading cause of premature death in patients with established cardiovascular (CV) disease. Although the global burden of HF is increasing, there is no evidence regarding promising results that improves long-term clinical outcomes especially for HF with preserved and mid-regional pump function...


Defects in immune responses are common in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). However, using dendritic cells (DCs) to promote T‐cell immunity in vitro may nonetheless elicit potent specific anti‐tumour responses for use in immunotherapy. Here, we show that DCs generated from CML patients had a typical dendritic phenotype and were able to stimulate autologous T cells. Three primed T‐cell lines were studied in more detail in one patient. They were stimulated by autologous CML cells, but not by normal non‐leukaemic cells from the patient's HLA‐identical sibling. This was blocked by HLA‐DR‐specific, but not HLA‐DQ‐ or HLA‐DP‐specific antibodies. CML‐stimulated cytokine secretion, including interferon‐γ and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor, suggested a Th1‐type phenotype for these sensitized anti‐leukaemic T cells. This study therefore shows that cells with a functional dendritic phenotype can be generated from the blood of CML patients and are potent inducers of T‐cell responses to tumour cells. This approach allows sensitization of patients' T cells by their own particular tumour without the need to identify the exact leukaemia antigens involved, and may find application in immunotherapy of CML.


The information extracted from the high spatial resolution remote sensing images has become one of the important data sources of the GIS large scale spatial database updating. The realization of the building information monitoring using the high resolution remote sensing, building small scale information extracting and its quality analyzing has become an important precondition for the applying of the high-resolution satellite image information, because of the large amount of regional high spatial resolution satellite image data. In this paper, a clustering segmentation classification evaluation method for the high resolution satellite images of the typical rural buildings is proposed based on the traditional KMeans clustering algorithm. The factors of separability and building density were used for describing image classification characteristics of clustering window. The sensitivity of the factors influenced the clustering result was studied from the perspective of the separability between high image itself target and background spectrum. This study showed that the number of the sample contents is the important influencing factor to the clustering accuracy and performance, the pixel ratio of the objects in images and the separation factor can be used to determine the specific impact of cluster-window subsets on the clustering accuracy, and the count of window target pixels (Nw) does not alone affect clustering accuracy. The result can provide effective research reference for the quality assessment of the segmentation and classification of high spatial resolution remote sensing images.


The relevance of this study is dictated by the need to determine the role of trade unions in social and labour relations and their degree of influence on the national policy of the Republic of Latvia. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of influence of trade unions on social and labour relations within the framework of the current labour legislation of Latvia and to find potential ways to improve the efficiency of national policy, considering the requirements and desires of the working population of the country. The methodological framework of this study was based on the following methods of cognition: generalisation, analysis and synthesis, analogy, and SWOT analysis. The findings of this study are presented in determining the level of influence of trade unions on the lives of working people in the Republic of Latvia. The paper described the existing trend in Latvian society regarding the popularity of joining trade unions, as well as the conditions for the influence of trade unions on the development and reform of the national policy of the Republic of Latvia, considering the needs, desires, and interests of the working population (society) who are members of trade unions. The results of the study determined the potential significance of trade unions in regulating social and labour relations in Latvia along with the country's legislation and reflect the role of trade unions in establishing communications between society and the state (using evidence from the 2022 protests). The practical significance of this study is conditioned upon the possibility of using the results obtained in the future for a more in-depth study of the role of trade unions as a tool for communication between society and the state, a mechanism for regulating social and labour relations and supporting workers in Latvia, through the influence on the formation of national policy


The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term search is typical data-gathering method in biomedical text mining. However, it has two problems: the allocation delay of the MeSH term and missing valuable literature sources. Since MeSH term allocation is performed by a human being, the allocation process has delay. In addition, even if a literature source was allocated with a MeSH term, there is a still the problem that valuable literature sources are missed during the data-gathering process. There are literature sources that are not indexed to the MeSH term of a keyword, even though it contains valuable information related to the MeSH term. The MeSH term search misses these valuable literature sources. In order to resolve these problems, we propose a novel method to gather rich data using a one-class support vector machine (SVM) and relevance rule. The term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and paragraph vector are examined as text vectorization methods with various parameters and relevance factors. We apply our method to lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. As a result, up to 26% of keyword data and 35% of target data are gathered with high quality (a C-score of at least 0.948).


For a time in 1797 England had reason to fear that its naval supremacy had been lost and that it risked defeat by the armed forces of Revolutionary France. Just then, the London mapmaker John Enouy issued a map entitled 'The Invasions of England and Ireland'; its design implied that no invasions since 1066 had succeeded. The next year, the Directory governing France planned to unleash Bonaparte against Britain. To encourage this plan, the Paris mapmaker P. F. Tardieu issued a 'Map of the Landings Made in England and Ireland since William the Conqueror'; it suggested that many invasions of England had been successful.1 In commenting in these ways on current events, both the London and the Paris cartographers, and several more after them, based themselves on an early seventeenth-century English prototype, 'The Invasions of England and Ireland with al their Civill Warrs since the Conquest', by John Speed (1552-1629).2Speed's precocious and unusual thematic map is well known. Its title features 'Invasions', as seen above, and this name imposes itself whenever the original heading is reproduced. But Speed was not centrally concerned with assaults on Britain from the sea; his map mainly displays the sites of battles in Britain itself, 'al their Civill Warrs', that is, battles mainly fought by Britons among themselves. A more appropriate title, combining invasions and civil wars, and in keeping with similar maps by two of Speed's contemporaries, is 'Battles' - the name for Speed's map that I shall normally use here.The genesis of Speed's maps of 'Battles' has been discussed several times in recent years and deserves a fuller look. Speed's own printed explanation of what he was doing also needs examination. About twenty-five years separate the two versions of Speed's explanatory text from each other. Often quoted but not yet published in full, the two explanations are transcribed and compared as an appendix.Speed started adult life as a tailor personally engaged in his craft, but he long worked on the side as an antiquarian and historian. He secured enough patronage by 1598 to exchange tailoring for full-time scholarship.3 The work for which he is best known, a chronicle-like Historie of Great Britaine (1610), was complemented by an atlas, The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain (1611-1612), whose great popularity necessitated many reprintings. These ambitious projects were not directly associated with the 'Battles' map in question here. The comparatively isolated 'Battles' map has often been reproduced and has come to be known- only in the last thirty-five years or so- to exist in three distinct forms:1. the Cambridge version, a single sheet datable to 1601 (and compiled in the previous year), which announces battle sites by massed pikemen and billboards;2. the Newcastle/Paris wall hanging, a four-sheet map datable to c. 1603, in which battle sites are shown by numbered tents, a much less visible and more sedate device than that of the Cambridge version;3. the Danckerts engraving, a single sheet identical in content to the Cambridge map but with a later date, by a different engraver, and with much more skilled execution. Carried out in the Netherlands in 1626, it was published the next year in Speed's last atlas, A Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World.4The widely circulated and familiar version of Speed's 'Battles' is the one splendidly engraved by Danckerts. Neither the first nor the second of the three maps listed above was known to map historians until recently; they were identified and brought to light only in 1969-70. The haphazard way in which the three versions gradually came to the attention of scholars has made it more difficult to interpret Speed's actions and motives.The 'Battles' map is unlikely to have been 'an attempt to reduce the whole history of Britain to the visual level', but it certainly illustrates Speed's 'predilection for superimposing pictorial and anecdotal detail on a geographical map'. …


Eosinophils remain among the most enigmatic of cells, as our appreciation of their detrimental activities—e.g., asthma and allergic disease—far outweighs our understanding of their beneficial effects. Among the major secretory effector proteins of eosinophils are the ribonucleases eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in primates and their orthologs, the eosinophil‐associated ribonucleases (EARs) in rodents. The rapid diversification observed among these ribonucleases suggested that the ultimate target(s) might be similarly efficient at generating sequence diversity while maintaining an unalterable susceptibility to ribonucleolytic cleavage. This has prompted us to consider a role for these proteins and by extension, for eosinophils, in host defense against single‐stranded RNA virus pathogens. We detail our studies of the antiviral activity of eosinophils and eosinophil ribonucleases against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro and the related, natural rodent pathogen, pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), in vivo, and consider the possibility that antiviral host defense and the dysregulated responses leading to asthma represent opposing sides of an eosinophil‐mediated double‐edged sword.


In order to test the effects of the variation of Ca/S ratio(in molar) on the CFB boiler's desulfurization efficiency and influence to pollutant emissions,an industrial experiment using limestone as desulfurizing agent was conducted on a 75 t/h CFB boiler burning Fujian anthracite.The experiment showed that:(1)The CFB boiler had a high self-desulfurization efficiency.The desulfurization efficiency increased with the rise of Ca/S ratio(in molar),but it increased slowly when 2.02Ca/S2.82.The variation of the desulfurization efficiency with the Ca/S ratio(in molar) could be described with an "S" type curve.Undered a definite boiler operation condition,it existed an optimal Ca/S ratio(in molar).(2)The desulfurization during combustion had no evident effect on the NOx and CO emission of boiler,with the rise of Ca/S ratio(in molar),the NOx and CO emission increased slightly.(3)With the rise of Ca/S ratio(in molar),the ESP import and export concentration growed synchronously,but the collection efficiency of ESP remained unchanged.


In this study, freeze-dried sea cucumber powder was used as raw material and the preparation processing conditions were studied for hydrolysis of sea cucumber powder with neutral protease using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain a high concentration of sea cucumber polypeptide. The effects of hydrolysis temperature, pH, enzyme dosage and hydrolysis time on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) were studied. Based on the single factor experiment, Box-Benhnken center composite experiment was carried out with three factors and three levels, including hydrolysis temperature, pH and enzyme dosage. RSM was used to determine the effect of prime factors on the DH and establish a regression model. The results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were as follows: enzyme dosage of 5753 U g-1 dry matter, hydrolysis temperature of 52°C, pH of 8.3, substrate concentration of 5% and hydrolysis time of 5 h. Under the optimal conditions, the DH was up to 16.01%, which matched well with the predicted value. With VC as the positive control, the scavenging ability of the hydrolyzate on DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals were very powerful, which mean that the hydrolyzate of sea cucumber powder has good antioxidant activity.


Ordered mesoporous TiO2–NiTiO3 thin films, with nickel content x < 0.5, were prepared by dip-coating an acidic solution of hydrolysed transition metal chlorides in controlled humidity, followed by a very careful annealing treatment. These latter treatments were studied by in situ SAXS-WAXS experiments involving synchrotron radiation and TEM analysis. They revealed that the walls can be composed of amorphous, single crystalline or multi crystalline nanoparticles depending on x and the conditions applied during the thermal treatment.


The 'no-reflow' phenomenon is still an unsolved issue in the setting of primary revascularization in acute myocardial infarction, and is associated with increased mortality, increased infarct size and left ventricular remodeling. A specific approach to this problem includes prevention of atherothrombotic debris dislocation by the use of embolic protection and thrombectomy devices. We review the literature on the prevention of embolization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention, with both distal protection and thrombus aspiration devices. In particular, this review is focused on rheolytic thrombectomy, and includes published studies and ongoing trials. The available evidence of an improved outcome in selected high-risk patients warrants an adequately designed and powered randomized trial.


Background - The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of 8 weeks yoga practices (Pranayama) on Breath holding capacity of school going children of Mahilpur.Methods - The method of this study was experimental research and sample were 30 students of senior secondary school of Mahilpur (12-15 Aged). Thirty subjects were randomized into two groups experimental group accomplished yoga practice (Pranayama) for eight weeks.Statistical Technique - Paired sample't' test was used to analyzed the data of the study in use of SPSS software. Result- it showed that eight weeks pranayama significantly increased the breath holding time of school children.Recommendation- it is also recommended other parameters of respiratory system need to investigate for further information of Mahilpur Keyword: Pranayama, Breath holding time, Yogic exercise.


In this study, the electrical properties of Ti3SiC2 based ohmic contacts formed on p-type 4H-SiC(0001) 4°-off substrates were studied. The Ti3SiC2 thin films were grown by thermal annealing (from 900°C to 1200°C) of Ti50Al50 layer deposited by magnetron sputtering. XRD analyzes were performed on the samples to further investigate the compounds formed after annealing. Using TLM structures, the Specific Contact Resistance (SCR) at room temperature of all contacts was measured. The temperature dependence (up to 600°C) of the SCR was studied to understand the current mechanisms at the interface and to determine the barrier height value by fitting the experimental results using the thermionic field emission theory. Aging tests showed that Ti3SiC2 based contacts were stable up to 200h at 600°C under Ar.


This chapter presents the overview of pollution; the issues of soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution; the aspects of renewable energy; energy security and energy imports; and renewable energy policy and renewable energy policy instruments. Pollution is one of the most important environmental, social, and health issues in the world. Pollution creates many diseases and causes death of many people across the globe. The environmental damage caused by pollution can reach catastrophic proportions and destroy entire ecosystems leading to the death of many species and a big biodiversity loss. Renewable energy is a critical part of reducing global carbon emissions and the pace of investment has greatly increased as the cost of technologies fall and efficiency continues to rise. Renewable energy offers a wide variety of different options to choose from as countries can choose between sun, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, and water resources.


Recently it has become common for applied works to combine commonly used survival analysis modeling methods, such as the multivariable Cox model, and propensity score weighting with the intention of forming a doubly robust estimator that is unbiased in large samples when either the Cox model or the propensity score model is correctly specified. This combination does not, in general, produce a doubly robust estimator, even after regression standardization, when there is truly a causal effect. We demonstrate via simulation this lack of double robustness for the semiparametric Cox model, the Weibull proportional hazards model, and a simple proportional hazards flexible parametric model, with both the latter models fit via maximum likelihood. We provide a novel proof that the combination of propensity score weighting and a proportional hazards survival model, fit either via full or partial likelihood, is consistent under the null of no causal effect of the exposure on the outcome under particular censoring mechanisms if either the propensity score or the outcome model is correctly specified and contains all confounders. Given our results suggesting that double robustness only exists under the null, we outline two simple alternative estimators that are doubly robust for the survival difference at a given time point (in the above sense), provided the censoring mechanism can be correctly modeled, and one doubly robust method of estimation for the full survival curve. We provide R code to use these estimators for estimation and inference in the supplementary materials.


Quantitative measurements of tumor in general and tumor volume in particular, become more realistic with the use of Magnetic Resonance imaging, especially when the tumor morphological changes become irregular and difficult to assess by clinical examination. However, tumor volume estimation strongly depends on the image segmentation, which is fuzzy by nature. In this paper a fuzzy approach is presented for tumor volume segmentation based on the fuzzy connectedness algorithm. The fuzzy affinity matrix resulting from segmentation is then used to estimate a fuzzy volume based on a certainty parameter, an Alpha Cut, defined by the user. The proposed method was shown to highly affect treatment decisions. A statistical analysis was performed in this study to validate the results based on a manual method for volume estimation and the importance of using the Alpha Cut is further explained. Keywords—Alpha Cut, Fuzzy Connectedness, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Tumor volume estimation.


The structure of the floral nectaries of Lonicera kamtschatica was examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Nectariferous tissues are located in the lower portion of the corolla tube. It was found that the secretory tissue of the nectary was composed of two layers of epidermal formations: short papillae and about 3x longer unicellular trichomes. They cover the adaxial surface of a small spur. Nectar secretion takes place through the apical portion of the trichomes and papillae. The cell wall of the upper part of the trichome has protuberances participating in nectar transfer to the subcuticular space which reaches large dimensions. The lateral walls of the trichomes are saturated with cutin. The papillae have much thicker walls than the trichomes. In the papillae, there are no wall protuberances. Less secretion accumulates in the subcuticular cavities of the papillae than in the trichomes.


Objective:To investigate the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+] I) alteration induced by Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in cultured glomerular mesangial cells. Methodology:Rat mesangial cells were cultured. [Ca 2+] I was detected using fluorescentprobe fluo-3/AM and a laser scanning confocal microscope. Results:Both AngⅡ and PDGF-BB significantly increased [Ca 2+] i in a dose-dependent manner, but the temporal pattern and magnitude of the calcium responses were significantly different. AngⅡ-induced elevation in [Ca 2+] i was biphasic. In the initial phase, namely the peak response, [Ca 2+] i increased seven- to eight-fold above baseline, and then rapidly declined to sustained level. However, PDGF-BB-induced was relatively slow, and the peak concentrations were only approximately two-fold above baseline. Correspondence to this, the decline of [Ca 2+] i was also slow, and [Ca 2+] i still higher above baseline till 200 second later. The Ca 2+-free bath and calcium channel blocker nifedipine inhibited the elevation in [Ca 2+] i induced by both AngⅡ and PDGF-BB, but the temporal pattern and magnitude of the inhibitory effect on AngⅡ and PDGF-BB were also significantly different. Conclusion:Ang Ⅱ and PDGF-BB induce [Ca 2+] i elevation in cultured mesangial cells by the different pathways.


Angiotensin II (Ang II) acutely stimulates thick ascending limb (TAL) NO via an unknown mechanism. In endothelial cells, activation of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2) stimulates NO. Akt1 activates NOS3 by direct phosphorylation. We hypothesized that Ang II stimulates TAL NO production via AT2-mediated Akt1 activation, which phosphorylates NOS3 at serine 1177. We measured NO production by fluorescence microscopy. In isolated TALs, Ang II (100 nm) increased NO production by 1.1 ± 0.2 fluorescence units/min (p < 0.01). Ang II increased cGMP accumulation by 4.9 ± 1.3 fmol/μg (p < 0.01). Upon adding the AT2 antagonist PD123319 (1 μm), Ang II failed to stimulate NO (0.1 ± 0.1 fluorescence units/min; p < 0.001 versus Ang II); adding the AT1 antagonist losartan (1 μm) resulted in Ang II stimulating NO by 0.9 ± 0.1 fluorescence units/min. Akt inhibitor (5 μm) blocked Ang II-stimulated NO (−0.1 ± 0.2 fluorescence units/min versus inhibitor alone). Phospho-Akt1 increased by 72% after 5 min (p < 0.006), returning to basal after 10 min. Phospho-Akt2 did not change after 5 min but increased by 115 and 163% after 10 and 15 min (p < 0.02). Phospho-Akt3 did not change. An AT2 agonist increased pAkt1 by 78% (p < 0.02), PI3K inhibition blocked this effect. In TALs transduced with dominant negative Akt1, Ang II failed to stimulate NO (0.1 ± 0.2 fluorescence units/min versus 1.2 ± 0.2 for controls; p < 0.001). Ang II increased phospho-NOS3 at serine 1177 by 130% (p < 0.01) and 150% after 5 and 10 min (p < 0.02). Ang II increased phosphoNOS3 at serine 633 by 50% after 5 min (p < 0.01). Akt inhibition prevented NOS3 phosphorylation. We concluded that Ang II enhances TAL NO production via activation of AT2 and Akt1-dependent phosphorylation of NOS3 at serines 1177 and 633.


Copyright: © 2014 Moussa A . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This branch of science is concerned with the study of structures, chemical composition, properties and chemical reactivity of organic compounds and materials. Organic compounds and organic chemicals in biology form the bases of life on our planet and are mainly hydrocarbons but can contain also other elements as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, organometallic compounds as sodium, potassium... etc., alkaline earth metals as magnesium, transition metals as Zinc, Copper, Cobalt...etc. or other metals as aluminum.The vital force theory developed before the 19th century differentiated organic compounds obtained from living organisms from the inorganic compounds. Since organic compounds existed often as mixtures, then varieties of techniques were developed for separation, characterization and purity assessment through the following: distillation, crystallization, solvent extraction, mass spectrometry-NMR, centrifugation, electrophoresis and chromatography i.e. HPLC and gas chromatography.


Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Classes of update semantics 3. Model-based semantics for updates 4. Update algorithms for model-based semantics 5. Updates with variables 6. Lazy evolution of updates 7. Integrity constraints 8. Adding knowledge to relational theories 9. Implementation Bibliography Index of definitions.


The article seeks to explain certain significant points of Plato's philosophy by addressing the research findings of the neuropsychology of religious experience. The evidence found in the domain of this discipline makes it possible to assume that many concepts and notions of Plato's philosophy are in fact conceptualizations of real psychological experiences. The latter being ignored, any interpretation of this philosophy may be incomplete.


Chinese traditional culture's ethicality has three characteristics,that is,integration of ethic and politics-footstone of Chinese traditional ethic,reciprocal supplement of ethic and religion-final form and choice of Chinese traditional ethic,irrationality-defect of Chinese traditional ethic.


PurposePrior research has examined the sociopolitical force as simply a part of all types of environmental pressures, yet we argue that this force calls for a unique examination of marketing's role in firm responses to sociopolitical pressures. Understanding the degree to which firms attempt to manage forces and pressures in the external business environment is key to understanding marketing's role in impeding vs aiding public policy initiatives, and is the problem this research investigates.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation modeling, data from 71 firms demonstrate that managing the sociopolitical force is, in fact, distinct from managing the other four market-based forces – consumer demand, supplier power, competition and technological shifts. Managing the sociopolitical force is shown to require fundamentally different skills and resources.FindingsResults suggest that firm sociopolitical receptivity drives attempts to influence this unique external business environmental force, in turn limiting marketplace sociopolitical receptivity. Furthermore, attempts to influence such a unique force relies on resource-light marketing resources, which limits resource-heavy marketing.Originality/valueManaging a political force with marketplace ramifications involves strategy that utilizes marketing, but is driven by relationships with social and political agents. This is truly an environmental management concept distinct from the management of the other four market-based forces. The analysis in this study demonstrates that managing another environmental force (i.e. competition force) involves different receptivity influences and marketing tactic outcomes.


The authors have recently proposed a new signal processing technique called M-transform. In this paper, we propose to use the M-transform for impulsive noise reduction. Since M-transform of a time signal is equivalent to calculate cross-correlation function between the time signal and M-sequence, both impulsive noise and white noise are converted into small-amplitude random signal through the M-transform. These small-amplitude random signals can be removed by use of some non-linear filter. And then, the filtered signal is transformed into time domain through the inverse M-transform and the noise reduction procedure is completed.The proposed filtering technique is applied to reduce impulsive noise included in surface tracing signal measured by an atomic force microscope. From the results of the experiment, it is shown that the proposed works quite well for impulsive noise reduction.


An experiment laid down to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers, growth regulator gibbralic acid (GA3) and micronutrients on yield and yield attributes of Sapota cv. Kalipatti at Fruit Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Gandevi, Gujarat. The treatments of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), i.e.100 kg FYM and 1000:500:500 g/plant NPK along with application of biofertilizers (Azospirillum + PSB), growth regulator (GA3) and micronutrients. The pooled results of  75% RDF + biofertilizers- Azospirillum + PSB @ 40 ml/tree + GA3 @ 50 ppm + Grade 4 (micronutrient @ 0.5%) were exhibited significantly higher number of fruit (2815.45), yield (20.61 t/ha)along with net return (Rs. 3,03,951/ha) and Benefit Cost Ratio (2.81). The said application enhanced fruit yield up to 43.41% over control comprising RDF only. However, significantly higher fruit weight (81.34 g) was recorded in application of 100% RDF + biofertilizers- Azospirillum + PSB @ 40ml/tree + GA3 @ 50 ppm + Grade-4 (micronutrient @ 0.5%).


Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the anthropometric profile of elite Azerbaijani senior Greco-Roman wrestlers. Material: Twenty three elite level wrestlers in the preparation camp of national team of Azerbaijan (age 27.21 ± 2.71 years, weight 81.36 ± 19.30 kg and training experience 8.5±3 years) participated in this study as subjects. Body composition features including body mass, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM) and body fat and anthropometric indices: girth, breadth, SUM of skinfolds in 8 points based on the international society for the advancement of kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol, basic variables including stretch stature and somatotype have been measured. Results: The mean and standard deviations of the measurements of elite Azerbaijani senior Greco-Roman wrestlers were: stretch stature (172.85 ± 8.37 cm), body mass index (26.76 ± 3.79 lean body mass (73.66 ± 14.41), body fat (8.69 ± 4.46), waist girth (81.76 ± 8.85), gluteal girth (98.2 ± 8.39), arm girth relaxed (34.19 ± 3.82), arm girth flexed and tensed (36.39 ± 3.66), calf girth (38.64 ± 4.13), humerus breadth (7.24 ± 0.61), femur breadth (10.09 ± 0.75), SUM of skinfold at 8 points (58.19 ±32.44), somatotype: endomorphy (2.01 ± 1.05), mesomorphy (6.94±1/23), ectomorphy (1/19 ±0/66). Conclusions: Access to the anthropometric profile of elite wrestlers helps coaches to identify talented athletes and then assist them to lead their wrestlers to achieve superiority and elation by principled and scientific planning.


A previous study revealed an increased occurrence of work‐related respiratory complaints among Swedish woodwork teachers. For determination of whether an IgE‐mediated mechanism was the cause of the symptoms, 127 woodwork teachers and 111 reference subjects (other school personnel) in Stockholm gave serum for analysis of total IgE, Phadiatop, and RAST to extract of sawdust from five commonly used Scandinavian woods (pine, birch, juniper, alder, and linden). The total serum‐IgE level was similar in the woodwork teachers (geometric mean 35, range <2–1700 kU/l) and the reference group (34, <2–860 kU/l), and the frequency of positive Phadiatop was equal (29.9% and 31.5%, respectively). RAST was positive only in three cases, two reference subjects (birch and pine) and one woodwork teacher (alder). Hence, no correlation between exposure and sensitization to wood dust was found, and the results do not support the assumption that the complaints related to exposure to dusts from the examined Scandinavian woods are IgE mediated.


We study a class of real robust phase retrieval problems under a Gaussian assumption on the coding matrix when the received signal is sparsely corrupted by noise. The goal is to establish conditions on the sparsity under which the input vector can be exactly recovered. The recovery problem is formulated as residual minimization in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm. The main contribution is a robust phase retrieval counterpart to the seminal paper by Candes and Tao on compressed sensing (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regression) [<italic>Decoding by linear programming</italic>. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51(12):4203–4215, 2005]. The analysis depends on a key new property of the coding matrix called the <italic>Absolute Range Property</italic> (ARP) which is the analogue to the Null Space Property (NSP) in compressed sensing. When the residuals are computed using squared magnitudes, we show that ARP follows from a standard Restricted Isometry Property (RIP). However, when the residuals are computed using absolute magnitudes, a different kind of RIP or growth property is required. We conclude by showing that the robust phase retrieval objectives are sharp with respect to their minimizers with high probability.


The power conversion efficiency of most thin film solar cells is compromised by competing optical and electronic constraints, wherein a cell must be thick enough to collect light yet thin enough to efficiently extract current. Here, we introduce a nanoscale solar architecture inspired by a well‐known radio technology concept, the coaxial cable, that naturally resolves this "thick–thin" conundrum. Optically thick and elec‐ tronically thin amorphous silicon "nanocoax" cells are in the range of 8% efficiency, higher than any nanostructured thin film solar cell to date. Moreover, the thin nature of the cells reduces the Staebler–Wronski light‐induced degradation effect, a major problem with conventional solar cells of this type. This nanocoax represents a new platform for low cost, high efficiency solar power. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Aim To investigate the connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)expression in correlation with the severity of keloid.Methods CTGF expression were detected from 25 patients with keloid and 15 normal controls using Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(SABC) method.CTGF expression was evaluated on the basis of clinical classification of keloid.Results CTGF was detected from 76.70% of keloid samples,while only 6.67% from normal control.There was a significant difference between two groups(P0.01).CTGF was expressed in all of high-grade keloid(8/8),while only 44.44%(4/9)in low-grade and 84.62%(11/13)in moderate-grade keloid.There was a significant difference among these three grades(P0.05).Conclusions The expression of CTGF correlates with the clinical grades of keloid and plays a role in the development of keloid.


y = M/dO2, z = 0, in which a 1 d and 0 is a free parameter. 1 Dickson, L. E., History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 2, 1920, pp. 726-729. 2 Richmond, H. W., Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., 21 (2), 401-409 (1922); Jour. Lond. Math. Soc., 17, 196-199 (1942). Mordell, L. J., Ibid., 194-196. Richmond's papers contain references to the history. 3 This solution appears to be distinct from those in the literature. However, it is not always easy to prove that formally distinct parametric solutions are numerically distinct.


It is proposed according to the invention a control method of an engine, characterized in that one regulates the first magnitude around a first setpoint (Qair_cons) by means of a first actuator (60), and a second is regulated size around a second setpoint (tauEGR_cons) by means of a second actuator (30), and in that it comprises the following steps: a) determining if the first actuator is in an operation state for regulating the first variable according to a predetermined criterion of effectiveness, andb) when this criterion is not fulfilled, one regulates the first quantity by the second actuator by automatically adapting the second set so that it depends from the first magnitude.


This study tested the hypothesis that high doses of anti‐inflammatory drugs would attenuate the adaptive response to resistance training compared with low doses.


THE processes which occur in the response of a muscle to an electric excitation can be classed under three headings:-(a) those occurring before, (b) those occurring during, (c) those occurring after, the actual muscle twitch. It is possible, a priori, that the heat prodtuction should take place either, (a) before, and in preparation for the mechanical response, or (b) during, and in intimate connexion with it, or (c) after, and in recovery fro>m the effects of the twitch, and in preparation for the next. For example, it is easy to suppose that (a) the heat is given out in some process whereby the tension of the muscle is suddenly increased, and that a twitch follows, consequent on this increase of tension. It may be, however, that (b) the heat is evolved in the actual process of


Ni-Co alloys were prepared on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by pulse electroplating at high frequency (20-40 kHz). The effects of pulse frequency,mass concentration of CoSO4 and heat treatment temperature on the morphology and micro-hardness of deposit were studied. The Ni-Co alloy obtained by high-frequency pulse electroplating features higher compactness,better uniformity,lower porosity and higher micro-hardness as compared with that electroplated with direct current. The micro-hardness of the as-plated Ni-Co alloy coating is increased with increasing pulse frequency or CoSO4 content in plating bath. The micro-hardness of deposits prepared with direct current and 20-40 kHz pulse is increased with increasing heat treatment temperature from 200 to 400 °C,but decreased with further increasing temperature over 400 °C. The micro-hardness of deposit prepared at pulse frequency 120 kHz and 140 kHz is decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature.


The science in general and the legal science in particular have different levels of knowledge and cognition: empirical, theoretical, meta-theoretical. Of particular interest is the interaction between theoretical and meta-theoretical levels, as understanding of this process will allow us to approach the understanding of the boundaries of scientific and non-scientific thinking, to distinguish between theory of law and philosophy of law within or beyond the general theory of law. The studies in this field are complicated by the lack of development of metalinguistic means in jurisprudence. Problem issues in this area include the structure of metalinguistic means, their elements, and the relationship with methodology, optimization of interaction between theoretical and meta-theoretical levels. As an innovative tool for studying metalinguistic means, it is possible to use the concept of "boundary of meanings." Legal phenomena may be influenced by the "boundary of meanings," in the area of which the uncertainty factor increases. Some phenomena "originate" from the "boundary of meanings," in connection with which they constantly experience a crisis of self-identification. Blurring of boundaries entails a crisis of self-identification; establishing hard boundaries absolutizes dogmatic principles.The structure of metalinguistic means is represented at two levels: legal metaphenomena of the theoretical level and legal metaphenomena of the philosophical level. Metaphenomena of various levels are in a state of interaction. Philosophical level metaphenomena affect the perception of theoretical level metafenomena; they can correct or significantly alter their content. Metaphenomena of the theoretical level, experiencing crisis states, entail changes in the metaphenomena of the philosophical level (changing the legal paradigms, changing the style of legal thinking, etc.).The study of the issue of optimization of interaction between theoretical and philosophical levels of the legal science with due regard to the heuristic potential of legal metafenomena as a conceptual apparatus of the boundary of meanings combining the theory of law and its philosophy, will allow us to approach the resolution of the question of searching for criteria of scientific and extra-scientific thinking.


Some causes leading to the occupation accidie of library were analyzed on the base of the society,library itself and the diathesis of the library manager.Some suggestions are given to solve the problem.