Abstract : The term hybrid war as currently understood has multiple meanings and usages. The term is often confused with hybrid warfare leading to a fixation on the tactical implications of hybrid war when the true focus should be on the implications of a hybrid strategy. This paper reconciles the competing definitions for the concept of hybrid war in order to assess the long-term implications of hybrid war for strategic and operational planners. The concept of hybrid war is inherently an operational and strategic concept. To merely focus at the tactical level is to mischaracterize and misunderstand the very nature of hybrid war. Hybrid wars are innately strategic struggles for legitimacy and control influenced but not necessarily determined exclusively by battlefield actions. The historical experience of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) from 1978 to 1989 confirms the validity of this definition and provides additional insight to develop both the conceptual understanding of the concept of hybrid war and a plan to fight and win such conflicts. In the case of South Africa, despite winning the conventional and irregular military campaign against both domestic and external insurgencies, the RSA did not obtain its strategic goals. The lessons from this experience indicate that in hybrid war, victory is only possible by achieving success simultaneously on the conventional, unconventional, irregular and domestic and international information battlefields. A series of recommendations based upon insights from the case study for how to plan and fight a hybrid war conclude the discussion.


A decoding circuit of a flat panel display is provided to reduce the layout area by making the length of a gate of a MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) included in a first decoder short. A decoding circuit of a flat panel display comprises a first decoder(100) for selecting a predetermined number of gradation voltages from plural gradation voltages(V1~V32) according to the lowermost data of at least one bit of image data(D1~D5) and outputting the selected gradation voltages; a second decoder(200) for selecting one of the gradation voltages according to plural selection signals and outputting the selected gradation voltage to an output stage(OUT); and a third decoder(300) for outputting plural selection signals according to the uppermost data of at least one bit of the image data. The minimum length of a gate of plural MOSFETs(MLN,MLP) included in the first decoder is shorter than that of plural MOSFETs(MH) included in the second decoder.


The complex of background,noise interference and object splits up when it be located,make it hard to detect and locate moving object base on ommindirectional vision.To improve the performance of detection and location of moving object,a method using improved background subtraction and RGSA(Region Growing Segmentation Algorithm) is proposed.Firstly using background subtraction to get the moving object information,a maximum variance ratio threshold value was used to remove noise;Then Location of moving object by RGSA method.Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.


The proposed paper discusses how the relationships between the researchers and the 'field' in social sciences have been transformed during the last decades. It explores the concept of the 'public engagement', its ethical and conceptual boundaries, and the criteria of its 'successfulness' – in relation to the academic research, researchers, and the local communities where the research is conducted.


Social media have attained a rather prominent presence in consumer lives; however, few studies have conducted detailed examinations of social media user segmentation and explained the roles of these users in electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM). The current study objective is to help identify social media user segments and investigate the intentions of these segments to discuss brands during their daily social media communications. To produce comprehensive results, this study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The qualitative study methodology included netnography, usability interviews and contextual in-depth interviews, whereas the quantitative methods of this study involved the administration of an online survey. The findings from this study were analyzed, and these results indicated the presence of six significant segments in social media: The Angels, The Active Learners, The Passive Learners, The Social Networkers, The Journalist-Narcissists, and The Screamers. Only two segments, The Active Learners and The Journalist-Narcissists, were found to have significant potential for e-WOM.


Examines the impact of bioenergy on the socio-economic development of rural areas, the role of the state and development model bioenergy sector at the state level.


The symmetry of the hexatungstoplatinate(IV) anion in Na8[PtW6O24]·26H2O is Ci (\overline 1), which is different from the D3d (\overline 3m) and S6 (\overline 3) symmetry found in K6Na2[PtW6O24]·12H2O and (CH6N3)8[PtW6O24], respectively. However, this change in symmetry does not significantly affect metal–metal and metal–oxygen distances in the anion.


An 8-year-old female patient reported to the dental clinic seeking a help to save her traumatized maxillary left central incisor. The tooth had been treated with a temporary filling by a general dentist. The coronal tooth structure was intact, discolored, and a temporary filling was placed on the access opening. She gave a history of trauma about 3 years back. An intraoral periapical radiograph revealed an open apex and dentin bridge in the middle of the root canal. The root canal and the access opening were filled with very poor filling. The tooth was managed successfully by conservative means using intracanal calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament, followed by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) filling. The access opening was filled with glass ionomer and composite resin restoration. One year and 6-month follow-up demonstrated a clinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiological signs of apical regeneration.


Conclusion (1) Injection of lead into the albumen of fertile eggs may result in the production of meningoceles in chick embryos. (2) Copper and mercury ions were noted to be as toxic as similar quantities of the lead ion, but meningoceles were not seen in the embryos surviving 13 days incubation. (3) Sodium salts of anion used in the metal experiments failed to produce meningoceles.


Through comparing Human Human Interaction Interface(HHII) of CoEditor as a cooperative editing system with Human Computer Interaction Interface(HCII) of conventional editing systems, this paper describes the necessity of putting the concept of HHII forward and points out that besides some functions inherited from HCII, HHII has at least three new kinds of functions as follows. (1) HHII provides some functions to organize group people for effectively cooperative work. (2) HHII makes group people know the whole cooperative course. (3) HHII makes every group member have operational feeling of human awareness.


We present a phrase-based statistical alignment model togheter with a set of different smoothing techniques to be applied when the best phrase-to-phrase alignment for a pair of sentences is to be computed. We follow a loglinear approach, which allows us to introduce different scoring functions to control specific aspects of phrase-level alignments. Experimental results for a well-known shared task on word alignment evaluation are reported, showing the great importance of smoothing in the generation of alignments. As a step forward, we also discuss the adaptation of the proposed model for its use in a CAT (Computer Assisted Translation) system.


I have read with great attention and interest your Editorial [1], since I have the privilege of being one of the believers that the ventricular myocardial band is a fact and not a fiction [2]. With regard to your comments related to the dissection plan used for the Ross operation, in fact during a pulmonary autograft preparation for the Ross operation it becomes quite evident that the pulmonary valve and the right ventricle constitute a separate entity attached simply through a thin layer of muscle, as already published by Mr Donald Ross himself discussing the ventricular myocardial band, as dissected by Dr Francisco Torrent-Guasp [3]. Because of the above observation, the preparation of the pulmonary autograft should be performed with a minimal amount of muscle, not to be used as a supporting structure, to prevent subsequent pulmonary autograft regurgitation, as confirmed by the clinical results [4]. The present Editorial confirms that the new concepts on cardiac anatomy and physiology proposed by Dr Francisco Torrent-Guasp deserve for further and deeper investigations, performed with adequate curiosity, and without nihilism. Only in this way it will be possible to investigate not only potentially improvements of the treatment of acquired heart disease but also the comprehension and management of complex congenital heart defects [5].


Purpose – Aims to describe the development of the Newspaper Collection at the National Library of Norway.Design/methodology/approach – Describes the historical and organizational development of the collection, analysis of registration systems and the role of newspapers in historical research.Findings – Provides possible solutions for organization and cataloguing.Originality/value – Provides a first description of the use of MAVIS (Merged Audio Visual Information System) as a cataloguing solution for a newspaper collection.


As a space scientist and STEM Ambassador, I enjoy the experience of making science accessible, and so I would like to share one of the experiments I often use that illustrates how friction works. This demonstration can be used to exemplify several well-known physics concepts. For instance, it can be used to illustrate the idea of transfer of energy from one object to another (the first law of thermodynamics), conservation of momentum and Newton's third law of equal and opposite reaction. It could also promote a debate in relation to the two types of collisions, elastic and inelastic. Introducing these concepts in isolation, I felt, would only confuse the pupils but friction is singled out because it is easier to comprehend as an example of a friction force at work. It should be noted that the main purpose of this experiment is to allow students to think 'outside the box'; that is, lateral thinking. Thus the exercise is intended to determine whether students can come up with an effective barrier (an engineering solution) rather than obtain quantitative results. This is the prime reason why the use of additional materials such as glue, sticky tape and paper clips is not allowed.


This study aims to prove the empirically relationship between halal marketing (halal labelling and hijabista celebrity endorsement) with financial performance. The independent variable is halal labeling and hijabista celebrity endorse, while the dependent variable is financial performance. This research was conducted in Indonesia, spread across five cities such as: Jakarta, Lampung, Bali, West Sulawesi, and Aceh with samples of PT. Paragon Technology and Innovation and PT. Sari Ayu., Tbk. Survey methods and 51 questionnaires used in this research. The result shows that halal labelling has no effect on financial performance, while hijabista celebrity endorse has an effect on financial performance.Keywords: halal labeling, hijabista celebrity endorse, and financial performance


It is urgent to change the development mode of power grid enterprises, comply with the development trend of the new round of power system reform, and plan ahead to carry out research on new models, new models and new methods of investment planning decisions in the market environment, and promote the improvement of transmission and distribution network planning. Scientific and effective, comprehensively improve the level of optimal allocation of power resources. First of all, this paper studies the calculation method of full-cost chain and full-cost node electricity price. Then, the functional module of planning decision tool based on the full cost chain of the power grid is proposed. Finally, the selected project is determined based on the sensitivity of the investment ceiling.


Through reading literatures, the current status of laboratory management in domestic and foreign institutions of higher education were described. Based on the concept of life cycle analysis, the purchase, use, maintenance and abandonment of equipment and instruments in four Chinese universities were investigated. Inductive analysis of pros and cons in the management of scientific research infrastructures was also conducted. Taking Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University (NITZJU) as an example, this paper puts forward some improvement measures for the existing management scheme of the Civil Engineering Experimental Center in NITZJU.


Aerial photographs and brief field visits are frequently the only data sources for the preliminary design of river engineering works in romote or undeveloped areas. Even if short-term field data are available, they may be misleading because of the nonuniform rates at which river processes take place. The major active processes are, however, reflected in the river morphology so that correct classification and interpretation of channel, flood-plain, and terrace features on maps and photographs can, to some degree, overcome a lack of long-term data. Rivers present a wide spectrum of intermediate forms between the familiar classic braided and meandering types. This reflects a similarly wide spectrum of flow distribution, bed material size, sediment transport, and channel stability. Existing river classification schemes are reviewed and a modified system is proposed to take account of the gradual transition between classical types.


Hereditary diseases of the neuromuscular system represent an extensive group of genetically heterogeneous hereditary diseases characterized by pronounced clinical polymorphism. This report shows the feasibility of using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods for making the most accurate diagnosis of rare neuromuscular disorders, which in turn leads to the most favorable symptomatic care and helps in genetic counselling.


Although the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) does not require an analysis of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations may want to incorporate performance measures for GHG emissions into the planning process. Transportation agencies can play a key role in specifying performance measures for reducing GHG emissions, in conducting analyses, and in developing targets that support a public vision of sustainable transportation and climate policy. In this article, the authors consider three key questions for selecting GHG performance measures: (1) What sources of emissions should be addressed? (2) How should these emissions be quantified? and (3) How should the results be expressed? The strengths and limitations of various GHG measures are presented.


This paper discusses the history debt during the transformation of social pension insurance in China.The dual random model of the present value of the history debt of Category Ⅱ who took part in work before the new social insurance system and will retire after that has been set.The first moment of the present value of the history debt has been calculated,and the concrete expressions of the moments have been calculated when the force of interest accumulation function is Wiener process and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process respectively.Finally,we calculate the history debt of a city in Zhejiang with the actual data.


Despite the effectiveness and availability of urate‐lowering therapies (ULT), we continue to see a number of advanced cases of tophaceous gout in the Pacific Islander and Māori population in Western Sydney. Although the high prevalence and increased severity of gout in this cohort has been well documented, there has been little qualitative research undertaken in Australia into the lived experience of this group of people. It is this gap in the research that our study aimed to address.


Background: The development of new health technologies – drugs has allowed to change the therapeutics of some diseases, however, despite the advantages in various clinical scenarios – prevention, prophylaxis, treatment, etc., there is evidence that adverse drug reactions (ADR) are a frequent but preventable cause of disease, disability, or death. Therefore, it is estimated that in some countries ADRs represent between the fourth and sixth cause of mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and profile of ADRs in a reference center in Ecuador. Design and setting: This historical cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years with diagnosed Adverse Reaction to Medications in the period March 2018 – March 2019, at a reference center in Ecuador. Patients were divided into three groups: I) Adverse drug reaction; ii) medication error (ME); and iii) therapeutic failure, according to WHO and ARCSA definitions. Methods: Continuous variables were compared using t-test or Mann-Whitney test, when distributional assumptions were in doubt. Categories were compared via chi-square test or Fisher exact test, when needed. The analyses were conducted with IBM-SPSS version 25. P values < 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: Antibiotics and analgesics - antipyretics were the pharmacological groups responsible for the highest number of cases of ADRs (accounting for 9.0% and 7.6% respectively) and EM (24.7% and 20.8% respectively). Conclusion: The ADRs, ME present an important prevalence, for this reason all health institutions have pharmacovigilance systems that allow early detection of these events within a public policy of quality and safety of care.


Introduction: Many mothers are given an episiotomy during a normal vaginal delivery. There are many alternative interventions used by the community to heal the episiotomy wound. Applying breast milk topically to a wound is simple, free of charge and has no side-effects. Breast milk contains therapeutic qualities that aid in the healing of wounds. Aim: To evaluate the effect of topical breast milk application on postpartum women's episiotomy wound healing. Materials and Methods: This pretest, post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted in three selected health centres of Central Gujarat from February 2022 to March 2022. Using a pretest, posttest control group design, the quantitative quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 40 postnatal women were recruited for experimental (20) and control group (20). Intervention of topical application of breast milk was offered two times a day for seven continuous days in experimental group and routine care was provided to participants in control group. Participants of experimental and control group was assessed using Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge and Approximation (REEDA) scale on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied to analyse the data. Results: A total 40 postnatal mothers participated in the present study with mean age of 23.05±3.80 years. Topical application of breast milk displayed positive effect on episiotomy wound healing in experimental group. The result exhibited that the experimental group's episiotomy wound healing significantly improved (before: 14.75±0.55, after: 4.55±1.32) as compared to the control group (before: 14.65±0.59, after: 9.35±1.46). Conclusion: The study proved that there was a significant gradual healing of episiotomy wound after the use of breast milk topically in postpartum women. This also indicates that human breast milk can be an alternative strategy for accelerating episiotomy wound healing process.


A tiny flux-gate sensor using amorphous alloy core is studied and applied to designing a magnetometer; the resolution is 1 nT and the range is up to 250 /spl mu/T for the measurement of constant low magnetic field.


An investigation has been made of the kinetics of oxidation of dodecane (RH) and the decomposition of dodecane hydroperoxide (ROOH) at 140°C with additions of surface-active substances: alkylsulphates C n H 2n+1 SO 4 Na (C 10 , C 12 , C l3 ) and sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate (AOT). It was established that additions of alkylsulphates increase the thermal decomposition rate of hydroperoxides and catalyse the formation of olefins in this process. During the oxidation of dodecane in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate (DDS), oxidative dehydrogenation with a 20% yield is also observed. AOT has no influence on the oxidation and decomposition rate of ROOH. The data obtained indicate the considerable role of the formation of aggregates of alkylsulphates of the mixed micelle type on the kinetics of oxidation of RH and the breakdown of ROOH.


On the basis of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Rice Centre", studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the TUCANO 580 combine equipped for harvesting rice with the P420 pick-up. It was established that the combine successfully worked on threshing rice with a shift capacity of about 20 tons per hour. The performance indicators of the combine met the agro-technical requirements (ATT) and amounted to: the total grain loss for the combine 1.99%, including for the thresher 1.55% and for the pick-up 0.44%. Crushing and breaking of bunker grain amounted to 1.2%, which corresponds to the ATT standard - not more than 4.0%. The content of weed impurities was 0,8% (for ATT no more than 5.0%). Along with this, a technique was developed for processing data from a multispectral camera based on the results of surveying by an unmanned aerial vehicle (BVS) and the Sentinel-2A satellite. Based on spectral images, experimental fields, digital maps of the spatial distribution of the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI) have been created. According to the CLAAS TELEMATICS system, yield maps were constructed. The digital topographic basis of the test ranges was adjusted with the addition of the necessary vector layers based on the results of processing the spectral survey. As a result of the work, a positive assessment of the efficiency of the combine is given, the basis for the creation of a geoinformation base in the information system for the application of precision technologies in agriculture is prepared.


Abstract : Documented are the various electronic and instrumentation systems developed for the Rocket Sled Blast Simulation Technique. This technique employs the use of a rocket sled to propel full-scale reentry vehicles through simulated nuclear environments. Schematics and circuit description are included for the sled-borne systems, the static free-field systems, and the sled-blast intercept timing system. (Author)


Objective To explore the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the peripheriial blood rheology in normal subjects.Methods The whole blood viscosity (η b),blood plasm viscosity(η p),aggregative index of red cell (EAI).red cell rigidity (TK) and hematonit (Ht) of 30 normal subjects were detected before and after irraditaion by method of rheology,the results before irradiation were compared with those after irradiation.Results:(1) After irradiation,the η b.nrel.TK and Ht decreased significantly (P0.01).(2)η p was not significantly changed.Conclusion:Ultraviolet irradiation could improve blood rheological characteristics.This study has provide new evidence for clinical uses of ultraviolet irradiation.


As promised in our previous issue (PRESENCE 16.1), we are pleased to introduce our Associate Editors. Their names and affiliations are listed below, along with their email addresses and websites. We wish to welcome those who are new to the PRESENCE editorial community (Norman Badler, Jeremy Bailenson, Doug Brungart, Abhijit Kulkarni, Katerina Mania, Hong Z. Tan, and John Wilson), and also to thank all those who have agreed, after their years of service as Senior Editors or Editorial Board members, to continue assisting in the journal's editorial process with the increased responsibility of Associate Editors. Again, we would like to invite our readers to submit their names and credentials as potential reviewers. Please feel free to be in touch directly with the Associate Editor in your field, or let us know of your interest and qualifications at firstname.lastname@example.com.


The diversity of legal opinions in the Shâfii school of thought (madhhab), in the form of old opinion (qawl qadim) and new opinion (qawl jadid) and the ijtih?d activities that pertained ?to some centuries after the passing away of al-Shâfii, has brought this madhhab into encounter with serious problems in selecting the law. In such a situation, al-Râfii and al-Nawawi came into the fore as muharrir (selector) to cope with this uncertainty. This research tries to analyze all scientific activities of the two scholars using the theory of tarjih. This research found out that they attempted to establish a legal certainty in the Shâfii school of law through the making of new mixed system of tarjih to ensure which opinions deserve to be regarded as valid from the viewpoint of Shâfii madhhab. This achievement contributes to the enrichment of Shâfii madhhab as a legal school consisting of a great variety of legal opinions that equips itself with procedures of selection used as norms of everyday life.


Over the past two decades, invention has become an increasingly difficult concept to discuss. In an age when the free, rational actor has become not only de-centered but viewed as both impossible and undesirable by some social theorists, the traditional conception of invention, especially rhetorical invention, becomes more tenuous. While some continue to promote a rational deliberative model of the human subject Habermas is a prime example of this school of thought the harsh and unrelenting critiques of poststructural and postmodern thinkers have cast these recovery efforts in a nostalgic and often negative light. Chief among these critics of the modern, humanist conception of human action is Michel Foucault. Within Foucault's perspective our utterances are governed by underlying rules of discourse formations, our actions are proscribed and authorized by relations of power, and our very conception of our self is circumscribed by technologies of subjectivity. Contained within these intertwined relations of knowledge, power, and subjectivity, the human subject takes on a very different meaning and even the concept of "human subject" is itself a product of these intertwined relations; a product that may, in time, disappear under new relations of discourse and governance. Despite the apparent centrality of a creative human subject to the study of rhetoric, Foucault has taken his place within the study of rhetoric. Of course, neither this incorporation of Foucault nor the observation of its peculiarity is particularly new. The incorporation of Foucault into rhetoric took its most dramatic turn in 1989 with Raymie McKerrow's "Critical Rhetoric" essay and the implications of this union of Foucault and rhetoric were forcefully raised by Barbara Biesecker in "Michel Foucault and the Question of Rhetoric" (1992). These two important essays made the relationship between Foucault and rhetoric most pressing: McKerrow by of-


Though a countrys population growth is traditionally dependent on fertility mortality and net migration today only fertility is a significant factor in determining modern population growth and must be the focus of population policy. For social conservatives the family unit is the inalterable basis for regeneration of the race. Certain philosophical postulates must thereby be accepted for the social conservative to accept a policy of population control including some right of the state to ensure responsible parenthood and to allow any voluntary means of family limitation. Retaining the parents right to determine family size places the great burden of responsibility for population control on parents. Education must instill the personal and familial responsibility to produce fewer offspring of high quality as Malthus encouraged 2 centuries ago. It is recognized that rapid population growth in the developing countries makes such a conservative approach to population control difficult.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between young people's health literacy, healthy eating attitudes, and health anxiety.
Material and methods: The data of this cross-sectional and descriptive study were collected by face-to-face interviews with students studying in the department of nursing, nutrition and dietetics and health management at the health sciences faculty of a university located in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 599 students who volunteered to participate in the study. In collecting the data of the study, Individual Descriptive Information Form, Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32), Attitudes towards Healthy Eating Scale (ASHN), Health Anxiety Inventory (Short Version) (HAI) used.
Results: It was determined that the total mean score of the students on the THLS-32 scale was 33.57±8.41, the mean total score of ASHN was 70.57±10.87, and the mean total score of HAI was 19.67±7.43. There was a positive relationship between students' health literacy and their attitudes towards healthy eating (r=0.258, p=0.000), a negative relationship between health anxiety (r=-0.171, p=0.000) and their attitudes towards healthy eating and health anxiety (r= -0.166, p=0.000).
Conclusion: It is important that this study is the first to examine health literacy, attitudes towards healthy eating, and health anxiety together. It is thought that improving the health literacy and healthy eating attitudes of students who will be health care professionals and reducing their health anxiety will provide significant benefits individually and socially.


Networking power quality monitoring system (NPQMS) has become more and more popular, but high construction cost blocks its further extensive application. The construction scheme of communication network based on distribution line carrier communication (DLCC) technique is an effective problem-solving strategy. For demonstrating the feasibility of this scheme, configuration and communication requirement of the NPQMS are discussed. Then, according to an actual case of the NPQMS, the communication rate and quality performance are estimated in detailed. This research work provides related theoretical basis and feasibility analysis of the construction scheme of DLCC network for the NPQMS in Smart Distribution Grid.


The preparing process of photocatalytic TiO 2 film by Sol-Gel method is discussed.The conversion process of TiO 2's structure during the course of heat treatment is investigated.Various factors and technological parameter influencing the process are studied.The high quality film can be obtained on soda lime silicate glass substrate given the proper masking liquid and temperature of heat treatment.


Patient: Female, 41 Final Diagnosis: Pulmonary barotrauma Symptoms: Dyspnea Medication: — Clinical Procedure: High-flow nasal cannula Specialty: Pulmonology Objective: Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment Background: Pulmonary barotrauma is considered as complication of the use of positive-pressure ventilations. Nasal high-flow therapy is increasingly being used as an alternative to them. Nasal high-flow therapy rarely causes pulmonary barotrauma probably because airway pressures are lower when compared with invasive mechanical ventilation. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is triggered by an alloimmune response in the bronchioles and causes obstruction of the bronchioles. However, the threshold of additional positive pressure has not been determined in a patient with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Case Report: A 14-year-old female patient with acute myeloid leukemia at high risk of recurrence received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an unrelated bone marrow donor. After engraftment, she developed acute graft-versus-host disease, followed by chronic graft-versus-host disease. Ten months post-transplantation, she developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. She continued to receive nasal supplemental oxygen therapy for persistent dyspnea due to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. At month +25, hypercapnia was noted. Therefore, we carefully initiated nasal high-flow therapy for dyspnea and adjusted the oxygen dose to maintain 90% SpO2 to avoid life-threatening apnea. The flow rate was as low as 14 to 20 L/min to avoid the risk of barotrauma and the deterioration of air trapping. Unfortunately, she died of respiratory failure at month +31 post-transplantation. A lung autopsy revealed pulmonary barotrauma. Conclusions: Nasal high-flow therapy, even at low flow rates, may cause fatal pulmonary barotrauma in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.


The 2008 Housing Crisis cannot be fully considered without accounting for circum-Atlantic slavery, and separating the two events from each other via a strict periodization that contains the past as discrete from the present ignores the hauntology of circum-Atlantic memory that continues to exert force on the present. In Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance (1996), Joseph Roach theorizes circum-Atlantic memory as a process of simultaneous remembering and forgetting in which what has been officially "forgotten" lingers on the margins of what has been remembered, such that the present as it is imagined feels the influence of the suppressed past. With this in mind, I turn to Toni Morrison's novel A Mercy (2008), a book about slavery published during the Crisis, to consider what "call to responsibility" (Derrida 68) comes with the inheritance of "the largest forced transfer of people in the history of the world" (Morrison, "Home" 10). Thinking of these events appositionally by considering Morrison's novel and the Crisis enables an ethics of responsibility deeply grounded in the intimacy, if not the coconstitutive existence, of the past and the present. Rather than a story of the creation of a utopic sanctuary where the project of democracy would flourish—the kind of story told, for example, in many elementary school classrooms or Fourth of July backyard barbecues—A Mercy offers homelessness, displacement, disease, unpaid labor, abuse, and squandered mobility—a crisis of housing and home. This crisis appears by way of an enslaved


Even though both "analytic" and "Continental" writers have in the twentieth century moved a long way from Immanuel Kant's transcendental philosophy, it is clear that both major currents of contemporary philosophy are profoundly, though often only implicitly, post-Kantian ways of thinking and crucially indebted to Kant. These traditions must face the continuous need to re-evaluate their relation to the transcendental (or "critical") project launched in Konigsberg more than two hundred years ago. Fortunately, novel contributions, both historical and systematic, to the debate on the nature of transcendental philosophy appear once in a while.1 Both analytic and Continental philosophers have been active in this regard. This review essay discusses David Carr's recent critical investigation of the notion of subjectivity in the transcendental tradition as well as some new work on the structure of transcendental arguments collected in an anthology edited by Robert Stern.2 I do not mean to imply that these two books simply represent the Continental and the analytic approaches to transcendental philosophy, respectively. Carr's book, for example, aims at building bridges across these movements. Generally speaking, however, Continental philosophers seeking to understand (and often criticize) their Kantian heritage have-particularly after Martin Heidegger's famous critique of "the metaphysics of the subject"- focused on the concept of subjectivity, or transcendental ego, whereas analytic philosophers, at least since the appearance of Peter Strawson's Individuals in 1959,' have attempted to analyze transcendental arguments as responses to skepticism. After having discussed these projects at some length, I shall suggest a way of synthesizing the two approaches to transcendental philosophy. It seems to me that debates over transcendental subjectivity as well as analytic accounts of transcendental arguments leave room for a pragmatist reinterpretation of the transcendental tradition. Such a reinterpretation might yield a fruitful way of reconciling certain basic Kantian ideas (perhaps even transcendental idealism) with a (non-reductively) naturalistic conception of the world and our place in it. Needless to say, only a very preliminary suggestion toward further work on such a reconciliation can be made within a review essay like this. Since the late 1950s and especially since the 1960s, several leading analytic philosophers have tried to understand the conceptual structure of transcendental arguments, the standard model of which is Kant's notoriously difficult "transcendental deduction" of the categories, that is, of the pure concepts of understanding. Special emphasis has been directed to the question of what, if anything, transcendental arguments can achieve in epistemology. Such arguments are typically designed to show how something (e.g., knowledge, experience, conscious thought, meaningful discourse, or some other "given" feature of human life)4 is possible. They are meant to demonstrate that certain things (e.g., Kantian categories or Wittgensteinian public, rule-governed language-games) will have to be in place as the necessary conditions of the possibility of what is assumed to be actual in the premise. The most recent episode of the analytic debate on such arguments can be found in Robert Stern's collection, Transcendental Arguments, which is a highly useful volume, containing fifteen chapters (including the editor's introduction) and a good bibliography of books and articles on transcendental arguments up till 1998. Most of the papers in TA are based on presentations and responses that took place at a conference in Sheffield in 1997. These include Ralph Walker's discussion of Kant and the problem of induction, responded to by Graham Bird; Stern's paper, also dealing with Kant's answer to Hume, with a response by Mark Sacks; Paul Franks's historical treatment of post-Kantian idealism, with a response by Michael Rosen; Barry Stroud's analysis of the goal of transcendental arguments, with a response by Christopher Hookway; and Anthony Brueckner's evaluation of the possibility of basing transcendental arguments on content externalism, with a response by Gregory McCulloch. …


The motion commands to feed drives constitute a major source for excitation of the vibrations. In this paper the vibration of feed drive caused by the motion commands is simulated by using a mathematic method. The mechanical transmission system is modeled as a dual inertia system. Three typical trajectories are used to analyze the effect of motion profiles on feed drive vibration by using a simulation model of feed drive controller.


Many Native American cultures use black ash, Fraxinus nigra, for basket-making because its ring-porous wood allows the annual layers of xylem to be easily separated. The emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) is threatening North America's ash resource including black ash, and a centuries-old native art form. Native tribes are gravely concerned about the availability of large black ash trees for basket making and about movement of black ash from areas where it is cut to tribal lands where it is pounded and split to make baskets. We evaluated the practice of storing black ash logs submerged in water to maintain their moisture as a possible method for simultaneously killing EAB. In 2010, we submerged EAB infested black ash logs in running water in the spring and evaluated EAB mortality as well as the color and quality of wood splints from the submerged ash logs at different time periods after submergence. In 2011, we evaluated the efficacy of submergence for different time periods in winter and in spring.


Abstract: We determined the changes in the levels of the mammalian small heat shock protein of 25‐28 kDa (hsp27) and the hsp αB‐crystallin in various regions of rat brain after kainic acid‐induced seizure activity by means of specific immunoassays. The levels of hsp27 in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were markedly increased and reached a maximum (1.5‐2 μg/mg of protein) 2‐4 days after the seizure. The levels of hsp27 in these regions were considerably high even 10 days after the seizure. A marked increase in levels of mRNA for hsp27 was also observed in the hippocampus of rats 1‐2 days after the seizure. A severalfold increase in the levels of αB‐crystallin was observed in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of rats 2 days after the seizure. However, the maximum levels were <50 ng/mg of protein. The levels of protein sulfhydryl group and glutathione were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of rats at 24 h after the seizure, which might have enhanced the expressions of hsp27 and αB‐crystallin. The expression of inducible mammalian hsp of 70 kDa (hsp 70) was also enhanced in the hippocampus of rats after the seizure, as detected by western and northern blotting analyses. Immunohistochemically, an intensive staining of hsp27 was observed in both glial cells and neurons in the hippocampus, piriform cortex, and entorhinal cortex of rats with kainic acid‐induced seizure. However, in the cerebellum, where the receptors for kainic acid are also rich, hsp27 was barely induced in the same rats. This might be due to high levels of the cerebellar calcium‐binding proteins parvalbumin and 28‐kDa calbindin‐D, which might have a protective effect against the kainic acid‐inducible damage.


The Pall bacterial filter was tested as a potential heat and moisture exchanger on a model patient, placed on a circle absorber system, and clinically. The laboratory study was conducted during mechanical ventilation at a V of 6 L/min with fresh gas inflows of 1,3 and 6 L/min. The model patient introduced carbon dioxide into the circuitry at a rate of 200 ml/min. The resistance of the filter was tested before and after each experiment. With all fresh gas inflows, absolute humidity increased from around 19 mg H2O/L at the start of experimentation to about 27 mg H2O/L within 30 mm. Maximum humidities reached were 28 ± 0.7 mg H2O/L, 27.6 ± 0.5 mg H2O/L, and 27.7 ± 0.5 mg H2O/L within 3 hr, with fresh gas inflows of 1, 3, and 6 L/min, respectively. Variations in inspired humidity were also assessed at minute volumes of 4 and 5 L/min with fresh gas inflows of 6 and 3 L/min. Increases in percent dead space were negligible when the filter was inserted between the model patients (assumed to weigh between 70–40 kg) and the circuit. There was no statistically significant increase in pressure with gas flows of 50 L/min when the instrument was dry (0.02 ± 0.001 cm H2O/L-min−1) or when it was wet (0.02 ± 0.002 cm HzO/L-min−1). The clinical study was conducted on ten adult anesthetized patients breathing through the bacterial filter and ten controls. The loss of body temperature was 0.2°C when the filter was used and 1.5°C when the filter was not used. Arterial blood gas tensions were within normal limits when the bacterial filter was used as a humidifier.


The novel O passado (2003) by Alan Pauls presents many isotopies which would deserve to be investigated: there is a varied construction of loving relationships among the characters, who reveal different feelings, that would allow a mapping of passions to be studied; there is an activity of translation (role performed by Rimini and Carmen) that engenders a very rich reflection on the literary activity which is taking place. There is also the presence of a visual artist, Jeremy Riltse, revealing a poetic work which was created by this discourse. Due to the dimension that a research of this kind would require, it is not possible to deal with all the isotopies. Thus, the last one was chosen to be investigated, that is, to verify how the fictional visual artist and his singular work operate in the novel.


During a survey of the parasitic helminths of 8 fish species from the South Atlantic Autonomous Region, Nicaragua, 23 helminth species were collected. Sixteen of them were digenean species in metacercarial stage: Apharyngostrigea sp., Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) tenuicollis, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) mollienisicola, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) diminuta, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) nana, Cladocystis trifolium, Clinostomum complanatum, Clinostomum sp., Cryptogonimidae gen. sp., Diplostomum compactum, Heterophyidae gen. sp., Oligogonotylus manteri, Posthodiplostomum minimum, Proterodiplostomidae gen. sp., Stunkardiella minima, and Uvulifer sp.; 1 was a cestode larva: Proteocephalidea gen. sp.; and 6 were larval nematodes: Brevimulticaecum sp., Contra-caecum sp. type II, Eustrongylides sp., Falcaustra sp., Serpinema trispinosum, and Spiroxys sp. With the exception of O. manteri, this is the first reported occurrence of these helminth species in Nicaragua. The larval helminth fauna in freshwater fishes from Nicaragua closely resembles that of freshwater fishes from southeastern Mexico.


Electron temperature vs plasma cell power input measured, determining electron energy loss factor for hot diatomic gases in electric field


The outstanding features of ethanol fuel and its consumption in many countries as a renewal energy in spark ignition engines have attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. Accordingly, a former Ph. D student of the University of Technology Sydney collected medium load data in a single-cylinder engine. This engine was modified to work with ethanol direct injection (EDI) plus gasoline port injection (GPI). The base data gathered consists of pressure, crankshaft angles, torque, gas emissions, and fuel consumptions. These data was captured at four different engine speeds ranging from 3500 to 5000 rpm and different ethanol energy ratios (EER). The EERs vary from zero (gasoline only) to sixty-one (a mixture of gasoline and ethanol). The total energy of the fuel was held constant despite the different levels of EERs in the combustible.


A power-based vehicle fuel consumption model, entitled the Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-based Fuel Consumption Model (VT-CPFM) that was developed in an earlier publication is validated against in-field fuel consumption measurements. The study demonstrates that the VT-CPFMs calibrated using the EPA city and highway fuel economy ratings generally provide reliable fuel consumption estimates with a coefficient of determination in the range of 0.96. More importantly, both estimates and measurements produce very similar behavioral changes depending on engine load conditions. The VT-CPFMs are demonstrated to be easily calibrated using publically available data without the need to gather in-field instantaneous data.


Abstract The Government of Ghana spends approximately seventy percent of its annual budget on the procurement of goods, services, and public works. The Public Procurement Acts (Act 663, and Act, 914) were established to regulate public procurement activities and ensure transparency, accountability, and Value for Money (VFM) in the procurement processes. Contrariwise, the extent of misappropriations of public funds in Ghana by public officials has reached an all-time high. To address this concern, our paper is aimed to develop a model to explain the extent to which Internal Audit Effectiveness (IAE) drives VFM, and Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP). This paper is a cross-sectional survey-based study involving public agencies in Ghana. The population of the study comprised 72 District Assemblies across the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions. Stratified sampling technique has been used to randomly select 200 participants comprising internal auditors, procurement officers, accountants, and finance officers for the study. Smart-PLS software and the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach have been used to analyze the survey data, and test the hypotheses of the study. The study has revealed that internal audit competency, internal audit independence, external auditors' role, and top management support are the main determinants of IAE. Again, our mediation analysis has revealed that IAE drives both VFM and SPP. The results have further shown that an increase in VFM positively affects SPP. These results have implications for the reinforcement of internal audit agency regulations of 2003 (Act 658) and public procurement act 2003 (Act 663) and the amended Act 2016 (Act 914). Again, the results have extended exciting knowledge on the IAE by linking it up with SPP and VFM in a developing country context where such studies still remain fuzzy.


Economic and demographic problems in Western Europe by Drs. W. Kusters, The Hague. This is an initial study mf the geographic aspects of the economic and social structure of the cwuntries of Western Europe, It shows the relationship of this structure with the demographic structure and its trcnds in these countries. Sclrnc fundamcntal d;ita arc provided which shmuld scrvc as points of departure toward creating a more liberal economy in Western Europe. In addition, this study also shows how every economic structure has its social and cultural consequences, and, how every change is accompanied by thc problcm of social and cultural adaptation. An ideal-typical description cf the cconomics and demography of Western Europe BB'ill k;td to a characterization of its sc>cial and cultural structures and problems. It will ultimatdy lead to the conclusion that consideration should be given to a social and cultural reconstruction, whilc planning for an economic reconstruction and development.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential control of the ant Pachycondyla obscuricornis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on populations of nymphs of the spittlebug, Deois flavopicta Stal (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Foraging behavior and prey consumption rate of P. obscuricornis were evaluated. Field data revealed that P. obscuricornis does not show aggressive behavior against individuals of the same species, when they are not carrying a prey; they can patrol distances larger than 10 m searching for prey, and they can build their nest as close as 1 m from each other. The ant has a solitary patrolling habit, there is no recruitment behavior, and individuals dislocate fast, browsing on soil and vegetation for prey. Predation rate on spittlebug nymphs increased relative to the spittlebug abundance, reaching 93.8% of captured prey. Pachycondyla obscuricornis is a voracious predator and may control the population of spittlebugs in cultivated pastures.


Systematic extraction of Pimelea simplex F. Muell., which causes St. George disease of cattle, led to the isolation of the diterpenoid orthoester, simplexin (1), as an active principle. Other toxicsubstances isolated were 12β-acetoxyhuratoxin (10) and the tigliane ester derivative (11) related to mancinellin; huratoxin was found to be present in freshly collected plant material but it could not be separated satisfactorily from simplexin. In addition, loliolide (13) and a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were isolated. Simplexin was obtained also from P. trichostachya Lindl. Form B.


It was the usual labour ward pandemonium: a slow breech delivery; a distressed, grossly overweight, multiparous woman with her feet up in stirrups; an exasperated nurse holding her hand; and blood, sweat, tears, liquor, meconium, and other less salubrious body fluids flying everywhere. My colleague was a tall, handsome, effortlessly charming Australian. We were waiting at the business end; we had been very concerned about fetal distress, and had almost reached panic level, but the clinical picture had suddenly improved and the crisis seemed to be over. We had both heaved a huge sigh of relief and …


Data are presented from North American and Latin American countries of the leading causes of death and death rates, demonstrating the sharp differences based on social and economic development of these respective countries. Whereas ischemic heart disease and malignant neoplasms head the list of deaths in the United States and Canada, infective and parasitic diseases of the gut, with diarrhea very common, are the principal causes of death in Latin America. Nutritional deficiency, the most important contributory cause associated with infections and diarrhea, accounts for the very high infant mortality rate in the lauer countries. These pathologie conditions have a direct relationship to the degree of social and economic level of development in Latin America, and constitute a complex public health problem of enormous proportions.


STRATEGIES AND CONCEPTS FOR INNOVATION The Innovation Imperative Why Innovate? The Innovation Portfolio What to Innovate The Innovation Voices How to Innovate The Innovative Mind Who Innovates TOOLS FOR PROFIT AND GROWTH Price-Cost-Value Hidden Costs, Hidden Benefits Tradeoffs Optimizing and Eliminating Them Cost Functions 'Survival of the Fittest' People, Knowledge and Machines In Search of a Free Lunch Scale and Scope Scaling Markets of One Learning Curves are Made, Not Born Where Is the Money? Markets, Demand and Customer Intimacy Calculating Risks Decision-Making in an Uncertain World Competing by Collaborating


Introduction Umami taste is widely considered to be one of the basic tastes1); a consideration supported by recent experiments2,3). The representative of the umami substance is monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG), which Ikeda4) first extracted from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) in 1909. The sea tangle, it should be noted, has been used as a flavor enhancer in Japanese cusine since ancient times. Kodama5) identified 5'-inosinate (from bonito flakes) as another umami substance. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) is also considered such a substance. These substances are known to create preferable tastes for both humans6) and animals7,8). In this experiment, we evaluated the taste effectiveness of umami substances by comparing the volumes of human salivary secretions by umami substance to volumes induced by other taste substances (i. e., sweet, salty, sour and bitter). We also investigated the differences between the effects of umami stimulation when applied to the anterior part of the tongue as compared to application to the posterior portion of the tongue. Methods A single test was performed. Thirty-one healthy Japanese university students between the ages of 19 and 21 were used as the subjects. These subjects were asked not to take any food or drink at least 30 min prior to the test. The test solutions used, which were all


The variation of compositions,microstructures and properties of pearlitic heat resistant steal 12Cr1MoV after elevated temperature-long term heating,with eleven kinds of experimental simulation processes(650~750 ℃ and 1.5~873 h),has been examined by means of TEM,SEM and OM,etc..It is concluded that,after high-temperature aging,the microstructure of the tested material degrades obviously,the alloy elements(Mo、Cr、V) in solid solution are diluted deeply(variation of Mo,about 2/3),its grains grow considerably(~70%),carbides coarsen and aggregate toward grain boundaries,the density of phase transformation dislocation reduces greatly and size of dislocation cells increases then disappears progressively.Meanwhile,the hardness of the tested material matix reduces(about 30%).The analysis shows that,during high temperature aging,the material weakening of the tested heat-resistant steel 12CrMoV is contributed to its microstructure degeneration which causes its mechanical property to deteriorate.


In teaching pre-calculus mathematics to college freshmen, faculty are often facing students who have covered the same material in high school and who havedespite their inadequacy with respect to that material-received passing grades. Such students do not always acknowledge their inadequacy, and under such circumstances it is no wonder that teacher and class are less than highly motivated as they plod through the standard lessons in factoring, fractions, equation solving, and so on. In trying to cope with this problem I have struggled to invent new lessons that mix the old manipulative skills of algebra with the new problems and concepts of calculus. A well-known illustration of such a mix is that of completing the square to determine the extremum of some quadratic function. Less well known is the content of this paper: the determination of tangent lines and extrema using synthetic division. The lesson begins with a problem that has interest in its own right: the problem of transforming a polynomial in x into a polynomial in (x c). To best describe the method of solution adopted here-there are a variety of solutions-we consider an example.


Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a family of analytical techniques used to characterize macromolecules and particles from ∼1 nm to >1 μm. Its versatility has allowed a number of analytical challenges to be addressed, but several limitations still exist. Advances in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with UV-Vis, multiangle light scattering (MALS), and/or dynamic light scattering (DLS) were made to overcome current limitations in the characterization of proteins, protein aggregates, and nanoparticles. Formation of protein aggregates in protein therapeutics is a major concern due to reduced drug efficacy and potential immunogenicity. A lack of reliable analytical methods that cover the submicron (0.1-1 μm) size range has been a major challenge for protein aggregate characterization. The development of a simple AF4 method with good size selectivity (>0.5) from 1 nm to 1 μm allowed the formation of submicron aggregates to be fitted by the Lumry-Eyring Nucleated Polymerization (LENP) model for the first time. A comparison of aggregation kinetics determined by AF4 and the LENP model before and after centrifugation of aggregate samples showed that this common sample preparation step prior to sized exclusion chromatography (SEC) might influence the experimentally observed kinetic mechanism. The results suggest that AF4 is able to provide more reliable kinetic data for aggregates up to and larger than 100 nm that may not be easily characterized by SEC. AF4 provides a wealth of information including analyte size distributions, but this information can be influenced by the inherent dilution that occurs during separations, especially for weakly bound protein aggregates. Protein aggregate stability at each stage of the AF4 analysis was studied. The choice of carrier fluid played a significant role in aggregate stability while the AF4 focusing step did not have significant impact on aggregate populations. Calculations showed that sample dilution is significantly lower in AF4 than in SEC and that dilution occurred primarily at the channel outlet (not during the separation). This suggests


1 page 36) the importance of Bird's research on the mechanism of disperse dyeing using true solutions of disperse dyes was introduced and discussed. In real dyeing systems, however, there is another complication which Bird and coworkers were able to avoid. The presence of the dispersing agent can lead to the formation of large numbers of dye-dispersing agent micelles. Micelles are structures which are intermediate between dispersions of pigment particles and the single dye molecules present in true solutions. They may be thought of as complex structures of heterogeneous sizes in which relatively few molecules of dye are suspended in envelopes of dispersing agent molecules. Dispersing agents, superficially at least, appear to increase the solubility of the dyes (the number of single dye molecules in solution) but in all probability this is because many of the dye-micelles are so small (colloidal) that they are experimentally indistinguishable from single dye molecules. However, since dispersing agents do not increase the maximum dye uptake under particular conditions, it seems reasonable ABSTRACT Part 2 compares and contrasts the dyeing of nylon and polyester with that of dyeing secondary cellulose acetate with the nonionic disperse dyes. It traces the historical development of polyester dyeing, both batch and continuous, 38 to suppose that the fiber itself has no problem in distinguishing single dissolved dye molecules from those present in mi-celles of greater molecular size. In fact, the arrangement of polymeric molecules in the fibers may well act as molecular sieves through which large molecular species cannot pass. It is useful to have some idea of the difference in size of a disperse dye molecule and a particle in a dispersion of disperse dye. One gram of pure dye (with a relative molecular mass of 602) would contain about 10" molecules. Aparticleof pure dye, diameter ca. 0.5 microns (0.5 X meters), a size which could easily be present in a dispersion as one of the mid-sized particles, would contain about 1 O8 molecules, or 100 million molecules. Clearly, a micelle (falling in between a particle and a single molecule) can contain quite a few molecules before beginning to behave like a particle. In the dyebath, immediately after the addition of the fiber, dye molecules are shuttling toand fro in attempts toestablish a number of equilibria, which can be represented as follows: Here disp and mic represent dispersed particles and micelles respectively. If during dyeing the rate at …


Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bitumen was carried out in a continuous extractor using propane as the solvent at several temperatures and pressures. The asphaltene contents of the residual fractions in the extractor were compared to the asphaltene content of the original bitumen. Asphaltenes were defined as pentane insolubles in this study. It was found t h at the absolute asphaltene content of the residual fractions exceeded the asphaltene content of the original bitumen. Even when the asphaltene content was prorated by the weight percent of the residual material, it was found to b e higher than the original asphaltene content. The data established that the types of compounds separating as asphaltenes changed as the nature of the mixture was altered by SFE. The data also indicated that it may be inappropriate to perform asphaltene material balances to assess the amount of precipitate. The original asphaltene content of a bitumen that is undergoing compositional changes in a sequence of operations may not be an accurate measure of the precipitating tendency of the bitumen in production and processing operations. The asphaltene content of the residual material varied depending on the


Work conditions that are tense or threatening can affect the health of workers—both those in authority or non-authority positions. Managers cannot be psychiatrists to treat illness cause this way, or course, but they should be front-line diagnosticians, identifying basic behavior change that is detrimental to the individual and the firm which hires him.


The invention relates to a rice dry land direct-seeding planting method. The planting method includes the first step of seedbed preparation, the second step of seed soaking and seeding, the third step of mulch covering and the fourth step of management after seeding. According to the rice dry land direct-seeding planting method, seeds are directly and evenly mixed with drought resisting agents and water to form a jelly-like substance containing the seeds and the jelly-like substance is sown in a dry land and is covered by mulch. The method greatly improves the drought resisting level in the whole process of rice production and eliminates the working procedures like rice seedling raising and rice seedling transplanting in a traditional rice cultivation mode under flood. Compared with other rice dry farming methods, the rice dry land direct-seeding planting method has the advantages that the method is simple in operation and management, emergence of rice seedlings is tidy, the percentage of seedling emergency is higher and the yield is higher.


Osteosarcomas are malignant bone tumors with diverse histological patterns and unknown etiology. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination, imaging tests and confirmed by histopathology. Surgical removal is essential and must be supplemented by chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy. Among animal models, the dog is one with clinical presentation, biological, complications and results more similar to human osteosarcoma. Other animal species least affected, have also been used as a model to increase knowledge about development and treatment of these tumors. Aim of this study is to review this issue, drawing a parallel between animal models affected by this neoplasia, describing the clinical approaches and developments in treatment protocols


We present a GPU-based integrated robotic platform that enables collision avoidance, navigation, and image understanding on a single underwater vehicle. The platform enables observational tasks such as coral reef health assessment by enabling simultaneous operation of multiple image analysis taskswhile navigating in close proximity to obstacles. The integration of a GPU allows us to leverage deep neural networks for collision avoidance and automated object detection and classification while a general purpose CPU processes images to perform visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). In this paper, we describe the system architecture and summarize experimental results for coral detection and collision-free navigation.


The safe and efficacy of Nd-YAG laser with hook-shaped contact tip was evaluated in 6 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Hook-shaped contact tip was useful especially in the dissection between gallbladder and liver. There was no complication in periand post-operative period. We concluded that Nd-YAG laser with hook-shaped contact tip is a useful tool for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


Pineapple fruit is a major horticultural crop in Rwanda. About 27 small scale pineapple processors have entered into small business of processing different pineapple products such as juice, jam, jellies and dried pineapple slices. The aim of the present study is to assess the processing techniques used by small scale pineapple processors and to determine the microbial population present at raw pineapple surface and pineapple juice before and after sanitization. Small and medium enterprises were visited in July 2011. The results showed that pineapple processors use a number of preservatives in processed products to increase shelflife. Polyethylenterephtalate (PET) containers were used to package pineapple juice, jam and jelly. The PET containers were filled with products at 40°C. This resulted in products being microbiologically unstable. It is therefore advisable to fill the containers with products at 90°C to ensure microbial stability. Further, weighing of preservatives used may not have been accurately done since most of the processors do not have the precision scale for weighing small quantities. Using the European and Codex Alimentarius Commission standards as reference, a very high microbial load of yeasts, molds and total plate count was observed. The counts were in the range of 4.7-5.9 log CFU/ml, 2.7-4.6 log CFU/ml and 4.0-9.2 log CFU/ml, respectively for yeasts, molds and total plate count. The presence of gram negative enterobacteriacea was also observed. It was concluded that processing washed and disinfected pineapple fruits can successfully lead to production of pineapple products with an extended shelf-life. Small scale pineapple fruit processors in Rwanda should ensure good sanitary conditions of processing equipment and raw pineapple fruits to be processed. They need to make sure that disinfection of the fruits prior to processing is observed in order to effectively reduce the microbial load in the final product.


Intraocular pressure remained stable when either pancuronium or alcuronium was used to produce muscle relaxation, suggesting that alcuronium may be a reasonable alternative to pancuronium for routine surgery of the open eye, particularly in elderly patients with limited cardiac reserve.


Citation Flombaum, P., J. L. Gallegos, R. A. Gordillo, J. Rincon, L. L. Zabala, N. Jiao, D. M. Karl, et al. "Present and Future Global Distributions of the Marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 24 (June 11, 2013): 9824–9829. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307701110 Publisher National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)


The Einstein-Skyrme system became famous for its black hole solutions that admits fractional baryon number outside the horizon, thus violating the"{\it no hair}"conjecture. In this article, we extend the Skyrmion to teleparallel gravity framework and investigate the teleparallel-Skyrme system in the context of the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR) and $f(T)$ power law gravity. We demonstrate the emergence of the fractional baryon number outside the horizon and its dependence on the cosmological constant ($\Lambda$). The solutions in TEGR ($f(T) = -T-2\Lambda$), as expected, matches with the Einstein-Skyrme system with the requirement of $\Lambda>0$. Interestingly, in power law gravity ($f(T) = -T - \tau T^2 -2\Lambda$), the reality conditions requires the cosmological constant to be positive and stay within the range $\Lambda_{min}<\Lambda<\Lambda_{max}$. And, in the limit power law gravity reaches TEGR ($\tau \rightarrow 0$), we get back the condition on the cosmological constant with $\Lambda_{min}\rightarrow 0$ and $\Lambda_{max} \rightarrow \infty$.


We show that Nash-Williams' theorem asserting that the countable transfinite sequences of elements of a better-quasi-ordering ordered by embeddability form a better-quasi-ordering is provable in the subsystem of second order arithmetic Pi^1_1-CA_0 but is not equivalent to Pi^1_1-CA_0. We obtain some partial results towards the proof of this theorem in the weaker subsystem ATR_0 and we show that the minimality lemmas typical of wqo and bqo theory imply Pi^1_1-CA_0 and hence cannot be used in such a proof.


Increasing industrialization in developing country like India leading difficulty in pollution control. One of the major causes of pollution in aquatic ecosystem is discharge of heavy metals. Wastewater containing heavy metals are treated with conventional technology like chemical precipitation, ion exchange etc. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution can be considered as an alternative technology in industrial wastewater treatment. This involves use of biomaterials like algae, fungi, bacteria, moss or waste coming from industrial operation and biological processes such as fermentation. This study was carried out to remove of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Spirulina Sp. In relating to this batch studies were conducted as function of a contact time, biosorbent dosage, pH and initial metal solution. The batch studies results showed the maximum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) as 83.6 %.


The lattice-dimensions of pure zinc oxide condensed from the smoke have been determined to a high degree of accuracy by means of X-ray powder photographs. Bradley and Jay's lattice-dimensions of quartz and Siegbahn's X-ray wave-lengths being accepted as standards, the lattice-dimensions of zinc oxide are found to be: a0 = 3.24265 ± 0.0001, c0 = 5.1948 ± 0.0003, Axial ratio c0a0 = 1.60200 ± 0.0001, all at 18° C. Both the lattice-dimensions themselves and the axial ratio are lower than Finch and Wilman's electro-diffraction values which are based on the X-ray lattice-dimension of gold, by amounts larger than the combined errors of both methods. There are thus real discrepancies, which are of the order of ½ to 1 per cent. In view of these discrepancies, Finch and Wilman's assumption that the apparent lattice-dimension of gold is the same for 40-60 kV. electrons as for X-rays may not be correct. The discrepancies therefore represent the combined possible discrepancies shown by gold and zinc oxide. This does not apply to the axial ratio, which is independent of any reference substance. The difference between the axial ratios determined by electrons and by X-rays appears to point to a real difference in axial ratio between the surface and the interior of zinc oxide crystals.


EMI suppression in vehicles cable harnesses is commonly realized by passive EMI filters. Rising battery voltages, faster semiconductor switches and the use of unshielded DC-cables requires larger filters. In addition, it is necessary being able to estimate the size of the EMI-filter in an early stage of development, when no measurements of the conducted emissions exist yet. To solve this problem, an automated filter optimization tool based on simulations for the prediction of conducted common-mode emissions (CE) is presented. The simulation model requires only a little information of the inverter which is accessible at an early stage of development. The accuracy of the model is good enough to predict the CE up to 30 MHz. In combination with a differential evolution algorithm for the optimization of the filters components, a fast estimation of the required space can be achieved.


The 2014 farm bill required farms to choose between ARC (Agriculture Risk Coverage) and PLC (Price Loss Coverage). While overlap in payments can occur, ARC and PLC have different design components that suggest they are not substitute programs. This suggestion is supported by an examination of payments per base acre made by these 2 programs for the 2014 through 2016 crop years. These observations and findings prompt a proposal to give farms a blended ARC-PLC election option of enrolling half of a crop's base acres on a farm in ARC and half in PLC.


Immediately following the fall of Acre in 1291, the master of the Hospitallers, Jean de Villers, wrote a letter to his superior, Guillaume de Villeret, describing the fierce battle that ended Western control of the city. This unique document, originally written in French, survives in a single manuscript, Bibliotheque nationale de France fr. 24430, where it has been attached to a French translation of the Excidium Aconis. The text of the Destruction, as included in fr. 24430, is the sole surviving copy of a translation based on the Latin version found in two 14th-century manuscripts: Brussels, Bibliotheque royale Albert Ier, nr. II-2212; and Madrid, Escorial, Q.II.21. Jean de Villers's letter and the Destruction are here edited in their entirety for the first time. A close examination of the base MS, an anthology produced in Tournai ca. 1300, shows that the inclusion of these Crusade-oriented texts was of a political nature, establishing a flattering analogy between events in the Holy Land and the early hi...


Recently, collaborative filtering algorithm is widely used in recommendation systems. Similarity calculation is an important step of this algorithm. Some of the existing similarity computing methods can not accurately measure the similarity, and the accuracy needs to be improved. In this paper, a new similarity calculation method is proposed, which is called JacRA. In order to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, we compare several methods based on MovieLens data sets. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the contrast methods in terms of accuracy.


Australia's relationship with Asia has a fascinating history and the current curriculum provides students with many opportunities to study these vital and evolving links.


The article is the analysis of contemporary works of famous nineteenth century Podolski national avenger. The image Ustim Karmaluk widely represented in modern Ukrainian literature of historical themes, and dramatic works, but his artistic interpretation differs from the interpretation of this theme in the works of writers of XIX XX centuries. Ustim Karmaluk in I.Lahunova variations, in particular, appears as a purely folk image that represents your age, times of struggle for freedom of the Ukrainian people for liberation from the yoke of Ukrainian, Polish and Russian landlords.


The AP-3C Orion (P3) aircraft is Australia's primary maritime patrol aircraft (MPA). For almost ten years, two were serving in the Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) conducting overland and maritime intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) missions. There was, however, a long held belief that Australia's MPA forces, attached to Operation Slipper (Global War on Terrorism), would soon be returned to Australia.


This article is a selection from a larger thesis titled 'Our guys were very good. We were a very capable battery; in fact we were an arrogant bunch. We were good', submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours), University of Wollongong 2014. The thesis's purpose is to provide an account of the role played by seven veterans who fought in the Battle for Fire Support Patrol Base (FSPB) Coral, 12 May to 6 June 1968 in South Vietnam. Concentrating on 12 and 13 May, the veterans' memories challenge the account given in On the Offensive: The Australian Army in the Vietnam War 1967-1968,1 the Official History series devoted to the Vietnam War. The thesis allows seven veterans the chance to tell the story of FSPB Coral in their own words, to set the record straight as they see it. The veterans are: Capt Donald Tait, Lieut Ian Ahearn, Bombardier Laurence D'Arcy, Gunners Thomas Carmody, Robert Costello and David Thomas from 102 Field Battery Royal Australian Artillery, and Lieut Anthony Jensen, second-in-command Mortar Platoon, 1RAR.


The invention discloses a method and equipment for preparing polycrystalline silicon through physical phosphorous removal, and a method and equipment for reducing phosphorus content of metallurgical silicon by a physical method. In the method, phosphorous is removed from the metallurgical silicon in a specific environment by mainly using the physical characteristics of phosphorous so that the metallurgical silicon meets the requirement of solar silicon. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses the equipment which is provided with a micropore stirring tray and matched with the method. The method and the equipment have the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, energy conservation and the environmental protection, and are suitable for popularization.


abuse and harassment. S. agrees with Elliott that the recipients' Christian faith had led to social estrangement, but disagrees with Elliott's view that the estrangement was an exacerbation of a literal cultural alienation. The author of 1 Peter "writes to bolster the faith and perseverance of his fellow Christians" (13). I question S.'s dismissal of the possibility of Peter himself as author of the letter. Peter may have had more facility in Greek and in rhetorical composition (especially after several years in Rome) than has been recognized. H.'s introduction to 2 Peter and Jude includes a very interesting discussion of the scholarly study of the letters since 1975. A Petrine circle in Rome, using portions of the earlier pseudepigraphon Jude, produced 2 Peter. Jude, having originated in an eastern Semitic setting, may be classified as a "homily" in letter-form, whereas 2 Peter is a "testament" in the form of a letter. Both documents, from the late first or early second century, confront crises within the early Church that involve "intruders" (Jude) or "false teachers" (2 Peter). Their teaching may be an "overly enthusiastic version of Paulinism" that, at least in 2 Peter, focuses on the present aspects of salvation at the expense of future ones (2 Pet 3:3-4). Both S. and H. helpfully address interpretive cruxes. For example, S. concludes that Christ's proclamation to the imprisoned spirits (1 Pet 3:19) happened after his resurrection and before his exaltation. Christ's announcement is likely a declaration of his own victory over death, and the spirits to whom the declaration is made should probably be identified as evil spirits—the fallen angels who had sexual intercourse with human females (Gen 6:1-4; 1 Enoch). Thus the traditional view that 1 Peter 3:19-20 describes a descent into hell is incorrect. S. provides a concise early history of this doctrine. The intention of 1 Peter 3:18-22 is to assure suffering believers of their own ultimate triumph. The dead to whom the gospel was preached (4:6) are "those Christians who heard and accepted the gospel yet subsequently died." To be "judged in the flesh according to humans" probably "reflects some of the hostile derision nonbelievers had directed at the community" (116). H. understands the pursuit of "other flesh" (Jude 7; cf. Gen 19) not to be homosexual behavior, but the intention of humans to have sexual relations with angels. His interpretation is well informed by reference to the OT, 1 Enoch, and Philo. The volume by S. and H. should prove to be an excellent first resource for the busy pastor, college student, or graduate student who requires a quick but informative read on a text in 1 Peter, 2 Peter, or Jude. The inquirer should then consult the volumes by Achtemeier, Elliott, and Neyrey for extended discussions.


Intuitive interaction with visual models becomes an increasingly important task in the field of Visualization (VIS) and verbal interaction represents a significant aspect of it. Vice versa, modeling verbal interaction in visual environments is a major trend in ongoing research in NLP. To date, research on Language & Vision, however, mostly happens at the intersection of NLP and Computer Vision (CV), and much less at the intersection of NLP and Visualization, which is an important area in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This paper presents a brief survey of recent work on interactive tasks and set-ups in NLP and Visualization. We discuss the respective methods, show interesting gaps, and conclude by suggesting neural, visually grounded dialogue modeling as a promising potential for NLIs for visual models.


The energy gain of a non-relativistic charged particle in a quasi-perpendicular shock is studied. This is done by the usual procedure of transforming the shock structure to a perpendicular one. The difference with earlie'r studies is that we are able to derive a new, exact expression for this energy gain in closed form. Two successive approximations of this expression are presented and discussed. Finally, the average energy gain of an isotropie particle distribution in the original shock system is derived.


We combine data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), and the Spitzer Space Telescope to create a sample of galaxies observed homogeneously from the UV to the far-IR. This sample, consisting of ~460 galaxies observed spectroscopically by the SDSS, provides us with a multiwavelength (0.15-24 μm) view of obscured and unobscured star formation in nearby (z < 0.3) galaxies with star formation rates (SFRs) ranging from 0.01 to 100 M☉ yr-1. We calculate a robust dust measure from the infrared-to-UV ratio (or infrared excess [IRX]) and explore the influence of star formation history (SFH) on the dust-UV color relation (i.e., the IRX-β relation). We find that the UV colors of galaxies are only weakly dependent on their SFH as measured by the 4000 Å break. However, we find that the contributions of dust and SFH are distinguishable when colors at widely separated wavelengths (e.g., 0.23-3.6 μm) are introduced. We show this explicitly by recasting the IRX-β relation as a more general IRX-SFH-color relation, which we examine in different projections. We also determine simple fits to this relation.


In the article the characteristic of entomovermin on the territory of Lower Priangarie is given. The factors influencing on its development and the issues concerning forest-protection measures, have been revealed.


Acute pyopericardium due to tuberculosis is uncommon even in high prevalence countries. We report an unusual case of acute pyopericardium with cardiac tamponade complicating tuberculosis pneumonia of lingula in an adult. Prompt catheter drainage of pyopericardium under echocardiographic guidance and six month course of anti-tuberculosis treatment resulted in complete recovery without any sequelae during the follow-up period of ten months.


In this paper, we propose a robust and image denoising method based on image statistic analysis. The image statistic method based on Weibull distribution is applied to image patch content analysis. According to the content analysis, image patches are classified into three types: smooth type, edge type and texture type. And then, different patch similarity measure method and measure window size are applied to denoise images with different types of patches. Based on the results from various different images, our content based NL-means algorithm is shown to have better performance in both PSNR and visual quality compared to the traditional NL-mean algorithm.


Cardiac hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of the heart. We report here on a case of cardiac hemangioma that originated from the left atrial appendage; this was observed on the CT and coronary angiographic findings and the lesion was pathologically proved.


Abstract A comparison study of the adsorption capacity of octadecyl‐ and triacontyl‐ bonded phases was conducted. The latter exhibited greater capacity for phthalates dissolved in water than the former. A new device containing triacontyl packing was developed to couple solid‐phase extraction (SPE) to narrow‐bore column high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet absorption detection. The device consisted of a syringe filter unit packed with triacontyl‐bonded silica, a gas‐tight syringe (no needle), and an HPLC injection syringe needle. After a sample solution filled in a 5 mL syringe was delivered to the device by use of a syringe pump, the syringe was replaced with a 250 µL syringe filled with an eluting solvent. By inserting the needle of the device into the needle port of an injection valve followed by forcing the solvent through the packed bed, the analyte was desorbed from the bed and introduced into the sample loop of the valve. On rotating the valve, the extract was introduced into an HPLC column and separation was started. The performance of the device was evaluated by using diheptyl phthalate (DHP) and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), spiked in water as samples. Preconcentration factors of 58 and 51 were attained with the device for DEP and DEHP, respectively. The method was linear in the range 1.0–50 ng/mL. Limits of detection (LOD)s were found to be 0.8 and 0.9 ng/mL for DHP and DEHP, respectively.


Introduction. The content of low and high-density lipoproteins, the level of total cholesterol, and the fatty acids composition of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes were studied in first-year university students. The prevention of stress disorders was carried out with the functional food product "Biolad-Kalina" marmalade (TU 9128-152-02067936-2006) contained 100 mg of a complex of polyphenolic compounds per 100 g of the product, accounting for a therapeutic dose for polyphenol preparations. Material and methods. A group of 10 male students aged 18-20 years studying in the 1st year of full-time study (2nd semester after admission to the university) was examined. The 1st group (control) included 20 healthy male donors; in the 2nd group - 10 male students before a biochemical blood test, the 3rd group - 10 male students of the 2nd group, after a biochemical blood test, invited to take daily for 6 weeks in the morning, 100 g of marmalade "Biolad-Kalina". Results. The effect of the study load (stress) was shown to be accompanied by the increase in low-density lipoproteins in plasma, the concentration of total cholesterol, total lipids and decrease in the content of total phospholipids, which is typical for dyslipidemia. In blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes, there was an increase in the content of saturated fatty acids (myristic, palmitic) and a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-6 (arachidonic) and n-3 (eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) families, which causes changes in the physical and chemical properties of erythrocyte membranes, permeability, and lability. Changes in the ratio of fatty acids in the lipid pattern of erythrocyte membranes indicate the presence of destructive processes under the influence of stress. A prophylactic effect of the functional food product of marmalade "Biolad-Kalina" on the studied biochemical indices has been estimated. There was shown its effectiveness in the restoration of lipid metabolism in blood and erythrocyte membranes due to presence in it of a wide range of polyphenolic compounds.


The article discusses the possible realisations of simple syntactic groups formed by a head verb and a subordinate adjective in Bulgarian. One of the realisations of this construction is analysed in detail with respect to two linguistic mechanisms that play a role in linking lexemes in grammatically correct constructions: connotation and syntactic accommodation. The description of the members of the group takes into account the characteristics of the lexical classes that make it up as well as its syntactic variants. The paper also describes normative issues of the linguistic realisation of the group that arise from the selection of values for the grammatical categories of gender and number.
Keywords: simple syntactic groups, connotation, syntactic accommodation, verbs, adjectives, Bulgarian language


-1 under three tillage methods. The trial was laid out in a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design. The main plots were tillage and subplots treatments were the weed control methods. The tillage treatments were no-till with existing stubble packed (NT), ploughed (P), and ploughed and harrowed to obtain a fine seed bed (P+H). The subplots were herbicide (H) and no herbicide (NH). Weed regeneration was significantly higher under NT compared with other methods of land preparation. The herbicide treatment depressed maize yield. Grain yields were 1619.58 and 277.46 kg/ha for H and NH, respectively. Tillage treatment significantly affected grain yield with values of 3446.4, 2296.67 and 841.99 kg/ha for P+H, P and NT, respectively (P<0.05).


The dependence of molecular weight of poly(methyl methacrylate) on reaction conditions, as polymerized in aqueous nitric acid with the redox system ceric ammonium nitrate-glucose, has been studied. The average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were determined by size-exclusion chromatography. The degree of polymerization was found to increase in the course of a run and was also affected by changes of Ce(IV) and glucose concentrations in the range where the rate of polymerization increased, but not where the rate was independent of Ce(IV) concentration and decreased with glucose concentration. The average molecular weights can be controlled by variations in monomer concentration and in temperature. The polymerization rate was found to attain a maximum with nitric acid concentration whereas the rate of ceric ion consumption increased. A fall in the degree of polymerization was observed on increasing the acid concentration. The effect of nitrate ion concentration as well as of that of certain water-miscible solvents on the above-mentioned parameters has also been studied.


The Raman spectra of CF3Br and CF3I have been obtained at —100°C and —40°C, respectively. The infrared spectra of both compounds have been obtained at 30°C, and some measurements have been made at 160°C. The observed frequencies were assigned to the fundamental modes of vibration, their combinations and differences. The frequencies were interpreted in correlation with other CF3X molecules in terms of the pertinent ``natural'' frequencies of vibration.


Abstract Introduction Research on the possibility of increasing the effects of after-injury reconstruction of peripheral nerves conducted in the Department of Physiology at ŚUM resulted in the development of a new method of reconstruction after peripheral nerve injuries. In this new method, we used 7-day predegenerated in situ sural nerve grafts. In clinical assessment, we concluded that recovery in motor, sensory and vegetative function after peripheral nerve injury treatment is better with the use of predegenerated grafts. The latent efficacy of reconstruction was measured months or years after reconstruction. In that amount of time, denervated synaptic sites in muscles can be reinnervated by nearby healthy non-injured nerves. It could increase motor, sensory, or vegetative function, irrespective of the effects of chirurgical treatment. We decided to investigate whether the circumstances may influence the latent efficiency of the new method of reconstruction. Materials and Methods Experiments were carried out on 32 patients in The Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of Silesia. Twenty patients were operated on with a predegenerated (P) implant, and 12 patients operated in the traditional method (T). As a result, 25% of patients' reinnervation from healthy nearby nerves in the area supplied by reconstructed nerves was present. In group P, reinnervation appeared in 7 of 20 patients (35%) and in group T, in 1 from 12 (8.33%) cases. Results Results of the examinations were counted statistically in both groups. Conclusion Reinnervation from nearby healthy non-injured nerves positively influences the results of human peripheral nerve reconstruction.


The method for environmental monitoring and bioprospecting is: (a) (i) fluid inlet (12) and a container having an outlet (14) (10), a plurality of capillary microcosms situated in (ii) in the container system (16), each of these capillaries has a flow a positionable so as to be the inlet of the through capillary (18) and an outlet (18), each of these capillaries, further , and covers the inlet and outlet, and means for preventing the flow of through the capillary, pumps (40) coupled to the outlet of (iii) a container, said pump (40) is from the surrounding environment, which is connected to the outlet of the container, is arranged so as through a capillary (16) sucks the inlet of the container of fluid, means for collecting the flow through (iv) the vessel, and (v) prevents the backflow of fluid into the container To use the test device with a check valve connected downstream of the container (44), a specific test substance is added to (b) a capillary device (16), where these substances, identified in the target environment of accelerating the bioconversion process should be analyzed for their ability, (c) the device (1) is located in the environment, opening the capillary covering means, the container and the capillary fluid from the surrounding environment open capillary covering means in order to flow through the leaves in the field (d) is between sufficient temporary lasting for incubating the phenomena occurring in the capillary microcosms (16), the device (1), (e) recovering the test device (1), then, using an automated analysis schemes and commercially available robot, to analyze the phenomenon occurring in the capillary microcosms (16) Comprising the step.


The-algorithm of synthesis of biorthogonal wavelet bases and their multiscaleanalysis is described. Examples of signal reconstruction and compression on the basis of designed wavelets are given. Their similarity to Karunen-Loeve basis is described.


technic 1 is replete with detailed methods for the isolation and identification of Grampositive cocci and Gram-negative enteric bacilli. However, little clear-cut information is given on the differentiation of Gram-nega tive pleomorphic organisms belonging to the genera Hemophilus, Pasteurella, Brucella, or Actinobacillus. Ordinarily these organisms have been thought of in relation to well defined clinical situations, i.e., Hemophilus influenzae from the nasopharynx or spinal fluid of an infant, or else to be of such rare occurrence, i.e., Pasteurella pestis, as not to present a problem in the routine hospital laboratory. Upon perusal of the recent litera ture, however, several reports of unusual types of human infection due to organisms of the Gram-negative pleomorphic type are noted. These reports cite the increased fre quency of human infections caused by pre viously undescribed organisms, and refer to bacteria previously regarded as animal pathogens. Several articles contain state ments affirming the ease with which these organisms may be confused with other bac teria and give complete morphologic, bio chemical, and serologic characterization of the particular organism under discussion, but fail to indicate how these organisms might effectively be differentiated in the routine hospital laboratory. That this prob lem is not unique to our laboratory became apparent when we submitted the organism to other laboratories where similar diffi culties were experienced. The organism in our case was finally identified by the staff of the Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta, Georgia.


The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction with ethyl 2-(1-methylindole)acetate and N,N-Dimethylamides/phosphorus oxychloride gave (65–85%) of ethyl 2-(3-acyl-1-methylindole)acetates 2, which when boiled with hydrazine yielded about 90% of 4,5-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-3H[1,2]diazepino[5,6-b]indoles 3. The attempted cyclization of 2-(1-methylindole)acetohydrazones 6 with acyl (acetyl and benzoyl) chlorides/triethylamine, to [1,2]diazepino[5,6-b]indole derivatives was fruitless and the bis(acyl)hydrazones 9 were obtained. Several transformations of 9 are reported. Similarly, the attempted cyclization of 3-indoleacetohydrazones 14 with acetyl chloride/triethylamine to [1,2]diazepino[4,5-b]indole derivatives was also fruitless and the bis(acyl)hydrazones 16 were again obtained.


With the stopped-flow multidimensional gas chromatographic technique enantiomerization barriers of ΔG#(T)=70–200 kJ/mol can easily be determined. First, the racemic mixture is separated by gas chromatography on a chiral stationary phase, then one enantiomer is transferred into a heated empty reactor column where enantiomerization is performed on-line in an achiral environment in the gas phase, and finally the enantiomerized fraction is separated in a second chiral column. The enantiomerization barrier ΔG (T) can be calculated from the enantiomerization time, the observed enantiomeric ratio, and the enantiomerization temperature. Moreover, by calculating ΔG#(T) at different temperatures, ΔH# and ΔS# are accessible. With this method atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls, a chiral allene, and a chiral aziridine were investigated. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 475–479, 1999