A revival of an impresario's (producer's) activity connected with Russian art patronage tradition at the present Russian musical culture is observed in the article. At this context, the important financing sources of culture, forms of charity, public funds, differences between Russian and foreign kinds of academy art sponsorship are examined, with the focus on importance of introducing an effective charity law into Russian practice.


The study reports on the differences between theoretically expected and effectively obtained volume fractions of THF hydrate depending on the THF-H2O ratio in the initial solution against the background of using it as a substitute for natural hydrate in laboratory simulations. Besides the stoichiometric solution, initial solutions with either H2O or THF as excess phase were prepared to define the wanted volume of hydrate in advance. In order to achieve a chemical equilibrium a complete conversion of H2O and THF into THF hydrate and the presence of a pure excess phase is impossible. Based on the specific enthalpy of hydrateand ice melting gained from calorimetric measurements, considerably lower than expected hydrate volumes are concluded. For the stoichiometric solution, containing 19.1 Wt% THF, enthalpy recalculations and the occurrence of an ice melting endotherm indicate incomplete conversion with a residual of 4.3 Vol% unconverted THF-H2O solution. The deviations from expectations increase with decreasing amount of aspired THF hydrate saturation and are stronger when formed from H2O excess solutions with up to 25 Vol% less hydrate than projected for full conversion. THF-rich solutions form hydrate with melting enthalpies that recalculate for up to 15 Vol% hydrate less than theoretical assumptions. In samples with initial THF concentrations below 5 Wt% and above 82.7 Wt% no hydrate formation was evident. Based on the results we propose corrections to the initial solutions when defined THF hydrate volumes are required. Furthermore, THF excess and temperatures below zero assure stable conditions for hydrate-liquid setting at atmospheric pressure.


This paper details the VBIC95 bipolar junction transistor (BJT) model. The model was developed as an industry standard replacement for the SPICE Gummel-Poon (SGP) model, to improve deficiencies of the SGP model that have become apparent over time because of the advances in BJT process technology. VBIC95 is still based on the Gummel-Poon formulation, and thus can degenerate to be similar to the familiar SGP model. However, it includes improved modeling of the Early effect, quasi-saturation, substrate and oxide parasitics, avalanche multiplication, and temperature behavior that can be invoked selectively based on model parameter values.


Inspired by presentations by the authors during a workshop organized at the Princeton Center for Theoretical Science (PCTS) in January 2022, we present a perspective on some of the outstanding questions related to the"physics of the ground beneath our feet."These identified challenges are intrinsically shared with the field of Soft Matter but also have unique aspects when the natural environment is studied.


The concept of cell death dates back to 1858, when cell death at the gross level was discussed in Virchow's Cellular Pathology as degeneration, mortification, and necrosis equivalent to the term "gangrene" 1• Carl Weigart in 1877 described coagulation necrosis in which he observed that necrotic cells lose their nuclei 2• When stains became available in 1885, Walther Flemming described spontaneous cell death as a physiological event3 . This was perhaps the first morphological description of apoptosis. He observed that the epithelial lining of regressive ovarian follicles was full of cells whose nuclei were breaking up. The broken nuclei ultimately disappeared. He described half-moons of pyknotic chromatin and loose chromatin in the follicular cavity. He termed the entire process "chromatolysis". Soon after the description of Walther Flemming, Franz Nissen, a German medical student, described chromatolysis in the lactating mammary gland4 . Chromatin margination was described in 18905. In 1892, Strobe gave a detailed account of chromatolysis and nuclear pathology in breast cancer cells, which would be a modem description of apoptosis6 • Ludwig Grapher in 1914 published a paper in German under the title "Eine neue Anschauung uber physiologische Zellausschaltung", whose English translation is, "A new point of view regarding the elimination of cells"7• His hypothesis was that there must be an amitotic mechanism to counterbalance mitosis. Based upon his studies, he concluded that physiological elimination of cells occurs by chromatolysis during the shrinkage of organs; a sister cell engulfs a neighboring cell that breaks down. Glucksmann understood the significance of chromatolysis in morphogenetic mechanism. In a landmark paper, he described physiological cell death in the embryo8• In 1960 Majno et al , using a model of ischemic cell death, established a role of protein denaturation in cell death9. The concept of cell suicide was proposed by De Duve, who postulated that the cells might be killed from within by an explosion of their lysosomes acting as "suicide bags" 10•


Discouraging the divorce between Language teaching and language testing, dynamic assessment has changed into a strong tool not only for language assessment but also for language development and leaner involvement in the learning process. This study aimed to investigate (a) Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners' off-task selfassessment and on-task self-rating of their writing ability and the impact of a dynamic-assessment-based course on the accuracy of their self-assessment and self-rating, and (b) the interrelationships among teacher rating, self-assessment, and self-rating in the writing performance of 22 engineering students taking a writing course as part of an EAP (English for Academic Purposes) program. Application of descriptive statistics accompanied by correlational analyses and t-tests showed that the participants overrated their on-task and offtask writing ability as measured against teacher rating before their exposure to the dynamic-assessment-based course. However, the difference between teacher rating on the one hand, student self-assessment and self-rating on the other decreased as a result of dynamic assessment, and strong, significant correlations were found among participants' selfassessment, their self-rating, and teacher rating. The results suggest that dynamic assessment helps Iranian EFL learners gain a better awareness of the criteria for writing evaluation and hence become more accurate in assessing their own writing ability.


: Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite, a low-temperature combustion path is used by adding a fossil fuel of 2.360 grams of Nickel Nitrate and Ferrous Nitrate was taken in a ceramic crucible and 15 ml of organic fuel was poured into the crucible and mixed homogeneously. The prepared mixture was put into the preheated muffler furnace, which was kept at 400 0C. In this case, a combustion reaction occurs between metallic nitrates and fuel, producing Nano powders of NiFe 2 O 4 .The nanocomposite LDPE thin films were synthesized by dissolving NiFe 2 O 4 NPS of desired quantity for LDPE suspension, and after 60 minutes of ultra-sonication 10 ml of each composition is dispersed in a separate glass petri-dishes. All the films were dried at 70 ° C for 60 minutes and kept at room temperature for 48 hr. This is particularly important because the water remaining in the mixture could cause air bubbles to form in the samples. The average crystallite size of LDPE/NiFe 2 O 4 Polymer Nanocomposites is found to be 30 nm by XRD, the prepared samples are Characterized for Mechanical properties and FTIR. Pure LDPE had a high tensile strength and very little elongation at break, whereas composites containing additional Nano particles had a greater tensile strength and much more elongation at break than pure LDPE.


Objective: To compare and assess the application time, retention, marginal staining, development of carious lesion and plaque accumulation of GIOMER based pit and fissure sealants with conventional fluoride releasing pit and fissure sealant in first permanent molars.

Study Design: Fifty children in the age range of 6-9 years, following acceptable home dental care, had participated in the study. A randomized split-mouth design was used in which two fissure sealants (Helioseal F and Beautisealant) were randomly placed in 50 harmonizing contralateral duo of permanent first molars. Sealants were gauged by a single skilled and calibrated examiner using mouth mirrors and probes following the USPHS criteria at 3-, 6- and 12-months follow up.

Results: Mean application time for Beautisealant was significantly less i.e. 155.39 seconds than that of Helioseal F i.e. 260.91 seconds. The retention rates at 3, 6 and 12 months for Helioseal F was 80.4%, 76.1% and 60.9% and for Beautisealant was 71.7%, 65.2% and 47.8% respectively.

Conclusion: Application time of Beautisealant was significantly less than Helioseal F, but Helioseal F demonstrates better retention rate, while both material displayed similarresults for marginal staining, development of carious lesion and plaque accumulation.

Keywords: Pit and fissure sealants, Retention, Giomer.


The investigation of the role of atmospheric stability in the atmospheric dispersion of pesticide sprays and
powders has largely been approached from an empirical standpoint. This article discusses the physical basis underlying
the observed results relying on work done by boundary layer meteorologists and air pollution engineers. An examination
of the turbulence equation, atmospheric turbulence spectra, and simple applied modeling techniques based on
accumulated data all lead to the conclusion that atmospheric stability will influence droplet dispersion through reduced
mixing as the atmosphere becomes more stable. The magnitude and interaction of stability with spray application
parameters requires further study.


A high Q electrical resonator based on a superconducting coil and a low loss capacitor has been realized and characterized at temperatures down to 60 mK. The resonance frequency is near 10 kHz, and the quality factor is higher than 10 5. The main purpose of the experiment is to test the feasibility of cooling to ultracryogenic temperatures the readout of the gravitational wave detector AURIGA, which is based on a highQ resonant electrical matching network. The resonator current noise, measured by a superconducting quantum interference device amplifier, scales with temperature in the full range 60 mK–4.2 K, showing that the system is thermal noise limited and its dissipating elements are well thermalized. Some implications of these results and possible applications are discussed.© 2005 American Institute of Physics. fDOI: 10.1063/1.1947927 g


The differing aims and uses of physiological investigations by classical laboratory‐based comparative and investigative physiologists, is contrasted with the work of physiological ecologists. The use of alternative procedures in physiological investigations in order to reveal environmental influences is equated with diagnostic procedures in medicine. The repeatability of short‐term measurements under an identified behavioural state is demonstrated.


Dipterex and its homologues have been prepared by a single vessel reaction in good yields. The stability of O,O-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloro-1-methoxyethyl phosphonate Ib towards temperature and pH variation has been studied using P32-labelled compounds. Compared with the parent substance (Dipterex), Ib is much more stable. The anticholinesterase activity of Dipterex was found to be over 300 times higher than that of the methyl ether Ib; thus proving that the presence of the free hydroxyl group in Dipterex and its anticholinesterase activity are correlated.


The utility model discloses a wind resistant wheel for a wind-driven generator, which comprises a vortex flow channel pipe, an air collecting housing arranged at one end of the vortex flow channel pipe, a wind turbine shaft, a shaft sleeve and a vortex blading arranged in the vortex flow channel pipe, wherein the shaft sleeve is nested on the wind turbine shaft, and the vortex blading is fixed between the shaft sleeve and the vortex flow channel pipe; and one end of the wind turbine shaft penetrates through the vortex flow channel pipe and extends out of the air collecting housing, a plurality of inclined stay cables are connected to the top end of the extending section of the wind turbine shaft, and the other ends of the inclined stay cables are fixed at the combination part of the vortex flow channel pipe and the air collecting housing. The wind wheel generates the vortex flow effect through the air collecting housing and the vortex blading, thereby enabling the generator to generate electricity under the low wind speed startup, and ensuring that the inclined stay cables can transfer all the stress generated on the air collecting housing, the vortex flow channel pipe and the vortex blading and collected at the root part of the vortex blading to the wind turbine shaft in the wind and digest, thereby improving the wind resistant performance greatly, and avoiding the vortex blading from being damaged due to the typhoon.


Aims and objectives. Testing the psychometric properties, reliability, and validity of a cross-cultural translation into Swedish of the Icelandic instrument "ICE-Family Perceived Support Questionna ...


We review recent progress in the design of eRHIC, a proposed high luminosity, polarized electron-ion collider which would make use of the existing RHIC machine. The eRHIC collider aims to provide collisions of electrons and positrons on ions and protons in the centerof-mass energy range of 30-100 GeV, with a luminosity of 10 32 -10 34 cm -2 s -1 for e-p and 10 30 -10 32 cm -2 s -1 for eAu collisions. An essential design requirement is to provide longitudinally polarized beams of electrons and protons (and, possibly lighter ions) at the collision point. An eRHIC ZDR [1] has been prepared which considers various aspects of the accelerator design. An electron accelerator, which delivers about 0.5A polarized electron beam current in the electron energy range of 5 to 10 GeV, would be constructed at BNL, near the existing RHIC complex and would intersect an ion ring in at least one of the available ion ring interaction regions. In order to reach the luminosity goals, some upgrades in the ion rings would also be required.


In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), while less than half heated their entire dwellings and only a fifth maintained an indoor setpoint temperature of 20 °C, corresponding to standard comfort conditions. Mainstream energy conservation measures include system maintenance, switching to more efficient systems, reducing heat losses and installing controls. This information is then used to derive empirical adaptation factors for bridging the gap between the calculated and actual energy use, making more realistic estimates of the expected energy savings following building renovations, setting prudent targets for energy efficiency and developing effective plans toward a decarbonized building stock.


The dynamic block of the standard part is established through using the block editor of AutoCAD2006,and to take the bolt as example,the method to definite the dynamic block is introduced and the parametric design of a standard construction is realized.By means of the tool template,the parametric drawing library of dynamic block for common and standard parts is established,which would greatly improve the efficiency of design and ensure the standardization and quality for computer drawing.This method that commonly used to establish industry standards or library area is effective for the parametric design of the standard parts and components.


In a free space, it may be created any singular beam field distributions but far from all those fields are generic beams, i.e. beams to be steady state with respect to small perturbations of beam parameters or a distance from an optical transparence or a hologram. In the given paper it is considered those explicit solutions of Maxwell's equations that are unstable for signs variations of a spin or a topological charge of singular beams in a free space. Those beam modes change their intrinsic structure on a wave propagation. So, the sum of E- and H-types of linearly polarized non-paraxial optical vortices form nongeneric beam modes that have a pure screw dislocation far from a focal plane. Near a beam waist, the pure screw dislocation transforms into a pure edge dislocation and recoveries again its initial structure on its further propagation. Due to a sign variation both a vortex spin and a topological charge, an edge dislocation sense rotates at 90 angular degrees -- the optical Magnus effect 'in a void.'


Households depend on the existence of a home, and therefore, maintenance plays an important social and economic role. Formal outsourcing is often overestimated here and alternative modes, such as informal outsourcing and do-it-yourself (DIY), are overlooked. This paper estimates and accounts for the choice of one mode of production in Flemish households.

First, the different modes of production are quantified according to two different methods. Further, an explanation of the choice made is constructed. The complexity of maintenance work has an impact as well as the dimensions of social and cultural capital. Factors such as dexterity, occupational acquaintance with maintenance work, social trust and social contacts play a role. Finally, a model of a sequence of decisions is tested. This ramification mechanism shows that the primary choice is formal commissioning or not, inspired by technical complexity. The second choice between off-the-books outsourcing and DIY is influenced by the capital resources of the households.


We introduce a technique for applying quantum expanders in a distributed fashion, and use it to solve two basic questions: testing whether a bipartite quantum state shared by two parties is the maximally entangled state and disproving a generalized area law. In the process these two questions which appear completely unrelated turn out to be two sides of the same coin. Strikingly in both cases a constant amount of resources are used to verify a global property.


Metal hydroxide based microfabricated pseudocapacitors with impressive volumetric stack capacitance and energy density are demonstrated. A combination of top‐down photolithographic process and bottom‐up chemical synthesis is employed to fabricate the micro‐pseudocapacitors (μ‐pseudocapacitors). The resulting Ni(OH)2‐based devices show several excellent characteristics including high‐rate redox activity up to 500 V s–1 and an areal cell capacitance of 16 mF cm–2 corresponding to a volumetric stack capacitance of 325 F cm–3. This volumetric capacitance is two‐fold higher than carbon and metal oxide based μ‐supercapacitors with interdigitated electrode architecture. Furthermore, these μ‐pseudocapacitors show a maximum energy density of 21 mWh cm–3, which is superior to the Li‐based thin film batteries. The heterogeneous growth of Ni(OH)2 over the Ni surface during the chemical bath deposition is found to be the key parameter in the formation of uniform monolithic Ni(OH)2 mesoporous nanosheets with vertical orientation, responsible for the remarkable properties of the fabricated devices. Additionally, functional tandem configurations of the μ‐pseudocapacitors are shown to be capable of powering a light‐emitting diode.


In this article, the reaction of two foremost Conservative thinkers (Alexander Kireev and Lev Tikhomirov) to the revolutionary events of 1905-1907 is examined. Russian Conservatives viewed these events as a collapse of the entire traditional Russia and a harbinger of the end of the Russian history.


Abstract:References to Vladimir Nabokov's texts are frequent in the works of contemporary British writers, but it is John Banville who seems to be engaged in an unceasing conversation with Nabokov. As this essay will argue, in Banville's comments on Nabokov's sophisticated structures the readers can glimpse a hint of Banville's own practice. The essay discusses Banville's celebrated ethical thriller, The Book of Evidence, which not only resembles Nabokov's Despair and Lolita in its theme and structure, or borrows phrases and images from these books, but also creates intimations of a hidden story, which remains decipherable though not conclusive, thus reproducing Nabokov's textual model. Using a heuristic comparative approach, this essay treats Despair as a case study of Nabokov's method of concealment of a storyline beneath flamboyant narration, and then studies Banville's novel with particular attention to the signals of unreliability, which, keeping in mind the deceptions of Despair, can be seen as evidence of untold story. The essay proposes a reinterpretation of the plot in The Book of Evidence by analogy with Despair, as well as a rereading of Despair under the influence of Banville's novel.


Occupational engagement among older people is important to investigate as older people are the fastest growing segment in our society, and because occupational engagement is viewed within occupatio ...


Nadia R. Altschul is Assistant Professor of Spanish at Johns Hopkins University. She is the author of Geographies of Philological Knowledge: Postcoloniality and the Transatlantic National Epic (2012) and Literature, Authorship and Textual Criticism (2005, in Spanish), and co-editor of Medievalisms in the Postcolonial World: The Idea of 'The Middle Ages' Outside Europe (2009). Her current research focuses on postcolonial studies, temporality and the 'Middle Ages' in Iberoamerica. Her new book project examines the medieval character attributed by local and metropolitan thinkers to Spanish and Portuguese colonization in the Americas.


This document provides insights into the common pitfalls and challenges associated with use of traffic analysis tools for predicting future performance of a transportation facility. It provides five in-depth case studies that demonstrate common ways to ensure appropriate results when using an microsimulation tool, and also includes "how to" material that allows users to address common challenges associated with microsimulation analysis.


To the Editor:

Ross et al recently reported a dazzling series of in vivo experiments1 showing reversal of abnormal biochemical phenotypes in Lpl −/− mice through adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of the so-called "gain-of-function" S447X prematurely truncated human variant of lipoprotein lipase ( LPL or LIPD ). Furthermore, all readouts in lipase-deficient mice treated with this human variant were at least as good as (and usually better than) those in mice treated with wild-type human LPL ,1 providing some of the best evidence to date for a "gain-of-function" associated with this human variant, albeit in mice. These experiments offer hope for LPL-deficient patients, whose life quality and duration are compromised by their dyslipidemia. Indeed, somatic gene transfer experiments using adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver S447X (AAV1-LPLS447X) into the muscle of some patients with elevated plasma triglycerides (TGs) and low plasma LPL activity are underway.2,3

As this groundbreaking work proceeds, 2 points are worth remembering. First, the LPL S447X variant was initially discovered in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia through genomic DNA screening experiments that were designed to detect loss-of-function mutations in LPL .4 One of these was my patient: a heterozygous woman of European ancestry 45 years of age with fasting chylomicronemia and recurring pancreatitis, whose plasma TGs ranged between 25 and 80 mmol/L despite good compliance with a low-fat diet and fibrate therapy. Her APOC2 was normal and her plasma postheparin LPL activity was &50% …


Based on the soft-threshold and hard-threshold wavelet de-noising methods which is given by D.L.Donoho, an improved method about semi-soft threshold overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional soft and hard-threshold is proposed ,it does better than them in denoising and can improve efficiently the quality of image. Simulations results based on Matlab indicate the method better than the traditional threshold methods to denoising speckle noise in ultrasonic image and has practical value.


Phase unwrapping is an ill-posed classical problem in many practical applications of significance such as 3D profiling through fringe projection, synthetic aperture radar and magnetic resonance imaging. Conventional phase unwrapping techniques estimate the phase either by integrating through the confined path (referred to as path-following methods) or by minimizing the energy function between the wrapped phase and the approximated true phase (referred to as minimum-norm approaches). However, these conventional methods have some critical challenges like error accumulation and high computational time and often fail under low SNR conditions. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel deep learning framework for unwrapping the phase and is referred to as "PhaseNet 2.0". The phase unwrapping problem is formulated as a dense classification problem and a fully convolutional DenseNet based neural network is trained to predict the wrap-count at each pixel from the wrapped phase maps. To train this network, we simulate arbitrary shapes and propose new loss function that integrates the residues by minimizing the difference of gradients and also uses $L_{1}$ loss to overcome class imbalance problem. The proposed method, unlike our previous approach PhaseNet, does not require post-processing, highly robust to noise, accurately unwraps the phase even at the severe noise level of −5 dB, and can unwrap the phase maps even at relatively high dynamic ranges. Simulation results from the proposed framework are compared with different classes of existing phase unwrapping methods for varying SNR values and discontinuity, and these evaluations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework. We also demonstrate the generality of the proposed method on 3D reconstruction of synthetic CAD models that have diverse structures and finer geometric variations. Finally, the proposed method is applied to real-data for 3D profiling of objects using fringe projection technique and digital holographic interferometry. The proposed framework achieves significant improvements over existing methods while being highly efficient with interactive frame-rates on modern GPUs.


The invention provides a method and a device for performing safety reminding during a running process and is fit for the field of communication. The method comprises the following steps: detecting own running state information and operation state information by a mobile terminal, and performing safety reminding by the mobile terminal when the mobile terminal is under running state and is operated. According to the method and device provided by the invention, the safety reminding is supplied to a user who operates the mobile terminal during the running process, and the use safety of the mobile terminal is increased.


o Start by introducing the topic/problem of interest, at a more general level – why should readers care about your study? o Do not review literature that is very general, e.g., The brain has dedicated regions that process emotions, or perception works by such and such a process, etc... o Review work that pertains specifically to your research question o This will allow for a natural transition from talking about prior work, to your experimental question. There should be a seamless progression so that the reader feels like your experimental question is justified and would provide interesting results  To do this, highlight a question that has not been answered by prior research, or point out a limitation of prior work that makes you question their conclusions.  This will then make it obvious why you conducted your study.  Keep your introduction FOCUSED – do not meander by discussing studies that are sort of related, but do not directly lead to your research question o End the intro with your research question, and hypothesis (if you have one), and a brief summary of how you will test it


Pulmonary agenesis is a complete absence of the pulmonary parenchyma, airways, and vasculature unilaterally or bilaterally. Although bilateral cases are lethal, the outcome of unilateral cases remains not well described. We performed a comprehensive literature review to assess the clinical features of pulmonary agenesis.


Published guidelines for managing fever in young infants -- developed largely from studies performed in pediatric emergency departments -- generally


Analyses showed that the Mononobe-Okabe assumptions would not be applicable for this relatively rigid wall structure and it was found that elasticity theory gave greater forces and moments than would be obtained by using the Mononobe-Okabe method. The extent to which deformations of the structure and its foundations influence the wall pressures was investigated. It was found that even for this relatively rigid structure and foundation, the displacements resulting from the inertia of the wall structure can produce a significant increase in the total forces acting on the wall.


Recent transport aircraft system studies have shown that the Prop-Fan propulsion system offers the potential for significant fuel savings over high bypass turbofans employing the same core engine technology for each. This important finding has encouraged more detailed study of the Prop-Fan aerodynamics and has led to NASA sponsorship of a wind tunnel research program to explore the projected high efficiency levels of advanced propeller configurations for 0.80 Mach number, high-altitude cruise operation. The aerodynamic design philosophy for the Prop-Fan model is discussed. The geometric characteristics and predicted performance of the wind tunnel model are presented. Finally, the preliminary test results are reviewed and compared to the performance goals originally projected.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of super-selective bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of massive hemoptysis.Methods 52 patients with massive hemoptysis were treated with selective bronchial artery embolization with gelatin sponge particles,gelatin sponge,or combination with steel coils.All patients were followed up for 3 ~ 12 months to observe the recurrence of hemoptysis and complications after bronchial artery embolization.Results All patients were successfully undergone super-selective bronchial artery embolization,and the symptoms gradually disappeared within one week.There were 6 cases of recurrence of hemoptysis 6 ~ 10 months after the bronchial artery embolization,and no serious complications occurred after the embolization.Conclusion The super-selective bronchial artery embolization is a safe and effective method in the treatment of massive hemoptysis.


Two cellular proteins (molecular weights: 56,000 and 32,000) were specifically co-immunoprecipitated by simian virus 40 and BK virus t-antigens and by polyoma virus non-T early proteins.


Assimilative learning is understood as integrating new information into existing knowledge or cognitive structures without restructuring the current schema. If new information causes inconsistencies, cognitive efforts are necessary to reorganize or to accommodate the old knowledge. Thus, assimilative learning is more efficient and economic. Nonetheless a stable and most notably a correct memory representation which â??spans


The authors introduce economical, simple, and versatile MOS cells that achieve vector scalar product and are applicable in the MOS implementation of feedback/feedforward neural networks. The vector scalar product of 2 n-tuple vector inputs is achieved by using 2(n+1) MOS transistors, thus offering an economical alternative to VLSI analog neural networks. The analog neural network is realized by interconnecting double inverters to the new vector scalar product circuits. The output voltage is tunable programmable DC control voltages. Experimental results are presented.<<ETX>>


We consider the Dirichlet problem for the equation -Δpu = q(|x|)f(u) in an annulus Ω ⊂ Rn, n ≥ 1, where Δpu = div(|∇u|p−2∇u) is the p-Laplacian operator, p > 1. With no assumption on the behaviour of the nonlinearity f either at zero or at infinity, we prove existence and localization of positive radial solutions for this problem by applying Schauder's fixed-point theorem. Precisely, we show the existence of at least one such solution each time the graph of f passes through an appropriate tunnel. So, it is easy to exhibit multiple, or even infinitely many, positive solutions. Moreover, upper and lower bounds for the maximum value of the solution are obtained. Our results are easily extended to the exterior of a ball, when n > p.


INTRODUCTION Delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) has been demonstrated as a technique for molecular imaging of proteoglycan in cartilage, in which Gd(DTPA) distributes in cartilage in relation to the concentration of the charged gylcosoaminoglycan (GAG) molecules. Currently post-contrast (Gd-DTPA) spin-lattice relaxation time (T1Gd) is used as dGEMRIC index to determine relative GAG levels within the joint cartilage. A recent study demonstrated that ΔR1, i.e. the difference between the relaxation rates before (R1pre) and after contrast administration (R1post), showed a better correlation than either R1pre or R1post alone with biopsy determined GAG content in transplanted cartilage (1). On the other hand, in a separate study of native cartilage, a high correlation has been observed between T1Gd and ΔR1 (2), suggesting that either parameter could be used as dGEMRIC index. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if ΔR1 compared to T1Gd can provide better characterization of individual subjects as osteoarthritic (OA) or healthy. MATERIALS & METHODS Subjects: Thirty-one subjects, including 17 patients with OA (5 men and 12 women, aged 40-86, average age of 61.8 years) and 14 healthy volunteers (HS, 5 men and 9 women, aged 18-40, average age of 29.2 years) participated in this study. Imaging: Data were acquired on 1.5T GE Signa short bore twin speed system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) using a commercial transmit/receive extremity coil. Preand 90 min post-contrast (0.2 mM/kg Gd-DTPA) T1 measurements were performed. A two dimensional inversion recovery fast spin echo (2D IR-FSE) sequence and/or a three dimensional look locker (3D LL) sequence were used to measure T1. The parameters of 2D IR-FSE sequence were TR=1.8s (2.2s for pre contrast), TE = 7.4 ms, Matrix = 384x384. TI=1.68, 0.65, 0.35, 0.15, 0.05s (2.9, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1s for pre-contrast acquisition). Imaging parameters for 3D LL were: TR=2.2 s (2.8 s for pre contrast), TE=2 ms, flip angle=5°, τ = 5.693 ms, slices prescribed = 32, bandwidth = +/62.5 kHz, and matrix = 256•256. Eleven TIs ranged from 20 to 1839 ms (15 TIs ranged from 20 to 2568 ms for pre-contrast) were applied. Data analysis: Two ROIs for T1 mapping were defined in the weight-bearing area of femoral and tibial cartilage, i.e. the central region of the femoral cartilage in medial condyle between the outer edges of the meniscus horns and entire tibial cartilage within the slice. T1 mapping was performed with a custom software analysis routine written in MATLAB (The Mathworks; Natick, MA). Data correction for BMI was performed with a formula: T1 (corrected) = T1 (measured) +3(BMI – 20). The averaged T1 values of the two ROIs were used for data analysis. T1pre, T1Gd, and ΔR1 (R1Gd R1pre), were calculated with R1Gd and R1pre equal to 1/T1pre, and 1/T1Gd. In order to test the effectiveness in separating OA and healthy subjects, a threshold for each parameter was determined based on its mean value (MEAN) and standard deviation (SD). For T1Gd, the threshold was calculated by [(MEAN + SD)OA + (MEAN – SD)HS]/2. For T1pre and ΔR1, the thresholds were determined by [(MEAN SD)OA + (MEAN + SD)HS]/2. Regression analysis and t-test were used for statistical testing. RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects (HS), OA group had a slightly higher T1pre (922 ± 76 vs. 859 ± 55, p=0.13), significantly higher ΔR1 (1.31 ± 0.39 vs. 0.76 ± 0.21, p=3.53E-5), and significantly lower T1Gd (425 ± 61 vs. 524 ± 48, p=2.22E-05). The OA/HS ratios were 1.07, 0.81, and 1.72 respectively (as shown in Figure 1), i.e. the differences between the two groups were 7%, 19%, and 72% respectively. But the SDs with ΔR1 are much larger than those associated with T1pre and T1Gd. High correlation was observed between T1Gd and ΔR1, with R of 0.93 (Figure 2). When using the calculated thresholds of 880 ms (T1pre), 481 (T1Gd), and 0.95 (ΔR1), 21, 23, and 26 of the 31 cases respectively could be correctly identified as OA or HS (Figure 3). DISCUSSION&CONCLUSION The mean T1pre in the OA group was higher than that for the HS group, probably related to the higher hydration in OA and is consistent with previous reports on T2 (3). Since the mean T1pre is higher and mean T1Gd is lower in the OA group, ΔR1 is to be expected to show larger difference between group means for OA and HS (as shown in figure 1). However, figure 3 shows that identification of individual subjects as OA or HS is only slightly better based on ΔR1 compared to T1Gd. Also figure 2 shows a high level of correlation between T1Gd and ΔR1 and so either of these parameters could be used as an index of dGEMRIC. In conclusion, we believe that in native cartilage (as opposed to cartilage implants where the hydration differences may be high) T1Gd may be adequate for identifying individuals as OA or HS. However, as shown here, ΔR1 does provide slightly better ability to distinguish subjects as OA or HS. The relatively modest improvement (given that the difference in mean values was significantly high, 72%) may be due to the higher standard deviation associated with ΔR1 compared to T1Gd. In practice, one has to also consider the logistics of additional effort and cost involved in acquiring T1pre data.


# Ombudsman will be given new powers {#article-title-2}

Legislation to extend the jurisdiction of the health service ombudsman to cover clinical complaints aginst NHS staff and all complaints against general practitioners is to be introduced by the government during the current session of parliament, which opened with the Queen's speech on Wednesday. At present complaints concerning the exercise of clinical judgment are excluded from the ombudsman's remit. He is also restricted in hearing complaints against family health service providers--general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists, and opticians. These restrictions will be lifted. Of the formal complaints against family doctors, currently outside the ombudsman's scope, almost half relate to failure to visit or failure to diagnose.

In its response to the Wilson committee on complaints procedures, the government announced in March that it would seek legislative time to extend the ombudsman's jurisdiction "to all complaints by, or on behalf of, NHS patients." It added that the ombudsman would need access to appropriate professional advice in undertaking these new responsibilities. As a rule complainants would not be able to complain to the ombudsman before they had exhausted the internal complaints system. A Commons select committee reported in 1993 that the extensions would add considerably to the ombudsman's work and possibly mean the separation of the offices of parliamentary and health service ombudsmen. About 25% of complaints to the ombudsman are rejected because they concern clinical judgment.

Another bill in the new session will permit local authorities to make direct payments to disabled people as part of their community care plan, …


This study focuses on the results of examining the impact of Sustainable Construction Supply Chains (SCSC) on sustainable success (OSS) throughout the life of a project in developing countries. While previous research has explored the challenges of implementing SCSC in these regions, limited attention has been given to the overall impact on sustainable success. To address this gap, a conceptual model was developed based on an extensive literature review, and data were collected through a survey involving 70 building professionals in Egypt. The findings indicate that the adoption of SCSC drivers has a significant influence on OSS during the construction phase, ranging from moderate to high. These results provide valuable insights for policymaking in developing nations, as they highlight the importance of overcoming barriers to SCSC adoption and promoting these drivers to ensure successful project completion. Ultimately, implementing SCSC approaches will contribute to improved project outcomes in the construction industry.


SW Quality Assessment models are either too broad such as CMMI-DEV and SPICE that cover the full software development life cycle (SDLC), or too narrow such as TMMI and TPI that focus on testing. Quality Management as a main concern within the software industry is broader than the concept of testing. The V-Model sets a broader view with the concepts of Verification and Validation. Quality Assurance (QA) is another broader term that includes quality of processes. Configuration audits add more scope. In parallel there are some less visible dimensions in quality not often addressed in traditional models such as business alignment of QA efforts. This paper compares the commonly accepted models related to software quality management and proposes a model that fills an empty space in this area. The paper provides some analysis of the concepts of maturity and capability levels and provides some proposed adaptations for quality management assessment.


Welded to the top of a dust bin for rigid support, a furnace water-wall tube in a new stationary boiler broke at the welded joint shortly after start-up. The tubes measured 64 mm (2.5 in.) OD by 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) wall thickness and were made of carbon steel to ASME SA-226 specifications. Investigation supported the conclusion that a crevice-like undercut was likely the primary cause of the fracture and that the source of the necessary fluctuating stress was tube vibration inherent in boiler operation. Recommendations included magnetic-particle inspection of the remaining water-wall tubes in the row, replacing the broken tube, and repairing cracks in other tubes by welding.


ABSTRACT The extraction of Pd(II) from weakly nitric acid solutions by LIX 84 (2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime) and LIX 860-I (5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime) dissolved in toluene has been studied and compared from the viewpoint of extraction equilibria. The effects of pH, nitrate ions and metal and extractant concentrations on the palladium distribution ratio have been quantified. The extraction rate of Pd(II) from this media is slow but the metal is quantitatively extracted by adding just the stoichiometric amount of the extractants. The experimental data have been treated graphically and numerically by means of the Letagrop-Distr program and can be explained by assuming the formation of the chelate PdL2. Values of the extraction constants are also given.


A review is presented of the influence of lateral confinement by stirrups, longitudinal strain gradient, size effects, concrete strength and nature of loading on the strength and ductility of rectangular reinforced concrete beams. Factors influencing the strain-weakening slope of the stress–strain curve for concrete in flexural compression and the critical interaction of this strain-weakening behaviour with the strain hardening of the reinforcement were identified by non-linear analysis of 94 beam tests conducted by various authors. Expressions are presented for the slope of the falling branch and the characteristics of the concrete stress block at maximum moment. Criteria are provided for achieving significant rotation capacity in reinforced concrete beams, and the most important parameters affecting this behaviour are identified.


Abstract
The majority of research on intersectionality and social movements has focused on agenda-setting or internal identity processes. However, little research has focused on the ways in which social movements present themselves as intersectional, particularly in recruitment, which is important for building inclusive movements. In this chapter, we begin to outline a theory of movement recruitment based around intersectional identities that draws on work on coalitional recruitment and concepts from framing. In particular, we argue that "identity bridging," which occurs when two or more identities are linked during recruitment attempts, is a potential tool for inclusive and intersectional recruitment. We evaluate the extent to which movements engage in this style of recruitment using data on intersectional youth identities acknowledged on web-addressable advocacy spaces. Youth are at a critical moment in their identity development, and so it is especially important to engage them in ways that respect their developing intersectional identities. We find that, overall, most movement sites do not engage in identity bridging, and those that do rarely move beyond bridging the youth identities with one other aspect of identity. Based on our theory, this would help to explain why so many movements struggle with issues of inclusivity.


Time-resolved autofluorescence spectroscopies at 600 nm under 397 nm excitation have been measured for human nasopharyngeal normal and carcinoma tissues in vitro,respectively.The lifetimes of endogenous fluorophores can be indirectly calculated based on the two-component lifetime fitting of time-resolved autofluorescence spectroscopies.Sufficient difference was observed between normal and carcinoma tissues,and the average lifetimes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal tissues are about(2.94±0.51) ns and(4.29±0.71) ns,respectively.In this prospective study,the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue are 75 % and 100 %.Experimental results indicate that time-resolved autofluorescence spectroscopy is a very sensitive and promising technique for classification of early nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue.


Scores on the Sleep Disturbance Ascribed to Worry Scale were correlated with total scores on the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale and subscale scores. A significant negative correlation of –.22 (p <.01) was found between the sleep disturbance scores and scores on the humor production subscale. Research is required to replicate and extend these findings.


On 19 May 2010, the General Court reduced two of the fines imposed by the European Commission in September 2004 in the copper plumbing tubes cartel case. In its decision, the Commission fined…


An estimate of the three‐dimensional gravity‐wave drag field derived from middle‐atmosphere analyses is presented. It is obtained using a novel technique based on variational data assimilation principles described in Part I. The assimilation is performed for a one‐week period starting on 1 July 2002 using Met Office middle‐atmosphere analyses as the observations as well as the initial condition. The rotational component of the gravity‐wave drag is robustly estimated by the technique. The zonal‐mean drag estimates reach maximum amplitudes of 50 m s−1day−1 at 0.4 hPa near the winter‐hemisphere polar jet. In the middle stratosphere, drag estimates are much weaker with zonal‐mean peak values of 5 m s−1day−1 and show transient small‐scale features not obviously correlated with the local background flow. Vertical variations in the sign and pattern of the estimated drag suggest filtering of the gravity‐wave spectrum by the background flow. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society


Abstract : This Final Engineering Report summarizes the results of a study conducted for the Navy to develop an Adaptive Beamforming (ABF) Systems Designer's Handbook to aid sonar system planners and designers in conducting tradeoff analyses of such variables as size, weight, power and complexity versus system capability. Tasks involved in this study which are summarized in this report include algorithm definition, system design, semiconductor tradeoff analyses, system implementation, and handbook and module specification generation. Summary charts and equations relating design parameters to system size, weight, power, and complexity are conveniently tabulated in appendix form for ease of use by the sonar system designer.


This publication highlights the Gothic art by Wim Delvoye. Using modern technology, Delvoye creates his own version of the artistic and architectural features of the Gothic era. It is the official catalogue for an exhibition held at the Bozar museum in Brussels, from the end of 2010 through to the end of January 2011. For the exhibition, Devlvoye will build a monumental tower on the roof of the Bozar, after having done the same at the Biennale in Venice, and the Musee Rodin in Paris.


This article is based on surveys undertaken for a British Library Research and Innovation Centre/Library and Information Commission‐funded research project. It describes the models of operation of purchasing consortia in two library sectors (health and higher education) and their expenditure patterns. Present and future savings deriving from consortial activity and the effects of consortia on periodicals suppliers are discussed. The article closes by predicting future activity.


Nowadays, methods based on deep learning have achieved state-of-the-art performance in image quality assessment (IQA). Many efforts have been made to design convolutional neural network (CNN) for IQA. However, current CNN-based methods mainly have the following shortcomings. (1) CNN-based methods usually segment the image into image patches of the same size for data enhancement, which cannot retain both local spatial information and global spatial information of images with large differences in resolution. (2) Most CNN-based methods input all image patches of the entire image into CNN and assign the image patches the same quality score as the entire image, ignoring the difference in the attention of the human visual system (HVS) to different regions of the image. (3) CNN-based methods design neural network structures with the same channel weight without considering the difference in correlation between different image channels and the key information of image patches. Thus, we propose a multi-scale CNN-based model assisted with visual saliency, which we call MS-SECNN in this paper. We fuse two single-scale CNNs into a multi-scale CNN through a fully connected layer. The Squeeze and Excitation (SE) module is embedded to each single-scale CNN to assign corresponding weight to each image channel. Moreover, we select the image patches input to the multi-scale CNN according to the visual saliency map. Experiments results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared to typical full-reference (FR) IQA methods and state-of-the-art no-reference (NR) IQA methods. Our code and two self-built datasets are publicly available1


In this paper we present a new electrical arrangement, a two-stage Blumlein circuit, for the excitation of a nanosecond transversely excited atmospheric nitrogen ( TEA-N2) laser. The circuit consists of three discharge loops controlled by two spark gaps. By means of temporal adjustment in the second two-electrode spark gap, the laser channel was made to break down at the highest possible overvoltage. This produced a high laser output with low shot-to-shot fluctuation which was correlated to the enhanced discharge characteristics in the laser channel namely, high current and low plasma resistance.


neural development: the recruitment of cellular programs of growth by signaling molecules. These cellular programs can include alterations in the display of cell surface adhesion molecules. For example, long-term sensitization training in Aplysia causes a transcription-dependent down-regulation of NCAM-related cell adhesion molecules on the surface of sensory neurons (18). If this were generally the case, then in a sense, Sperry's circle is squared. Activity initiated by experience could lead to the release of signaling molecules that engage transcriptional control mechanisms, which modulate cell surface receptors so as to regulate cell-cell interactions. The development of stem cell techniques for homologous recombination in mice (19) has provided a useful tool for testing genetically whether a particular mechanism is important for LTP in the hippocampus of the adult organism and whether LTP in the hippocampus is causally required for learning (20). These gene ablation methods can now be extended to determine whether synaptic modulation during development resembles memory storage only phenotypically or whether they actually share common molecular mechanisms (20). We should therefore soon be in a position to see whether solutions to the problems of learning and memory will yield, as an extra bonus, insights into synapse development and vice versa. If the study of learning and synapse development prove to be mutually reinforcing on the molecular level, then the Decade of the Brain, which we hope will relate molecules to mind, will be off to a particularly good start. Our conception of the process of memory how we remember and recognize-is now undergoing a revolution similar to the dramatic changes seen over the past two decades in our understanding of how sensory information is processed. Sensory systems are now known to comprise a large number of separate cortical areas with complex in-terconnections; this complexity replaces the old notion of a primary sensory area with one or two cortical subsidiary areas. Likewise, memory is being fractionated as a result of recent studies-psychological, physiological, and anatomical (1). This fractionation of memory systems was inevitable, as it now appears that most or all of the adult brain undergoes learning-dependent changes. Each biological change contributes to one or more of the numerous memory systems, which are defined behav-iorally or psychologically. One class of memory system underlies declarative, or explicit, memories, which are the memories of specific facts and events. Within this class, it is useful to distinguish short-term (working memory) processes from long-term ones, and …


Amino acid family crystals exhibit excellent nonlinear optical and electrooptical properties. L-Alanine single crystal belongs to the amino acid group and has been grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The grown crystals were characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectra analyses and density measurements. Its laser damage threshold was measured and its nonlinear optical response was tested by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, and the value of laser damage threshold is greater than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).


This study attempts to determine whether legitimate and illegitimate Negro children of similar economic status differed significantly in adjustment. For this study, "adjustment" was defined as consisting of the intelligence quotient, age-grade placement, school absences, teacher's ratings, cumulative grade scores, and scores on the California Test of Personality. Findings indicate that the legitimate children rated higher in every area except one, athough significance was reached only on teacher's ratings and I.Q.-age correlation; younger illegitimate children rated consistently higher than older group, when compared to legitimate children. The results suggest that birth status may affect the adjustment of Negro children.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex, and severe heterogeneous neurodevelopmental pathologies with accepted but complex immune system abnormalities. Additional knowledge regarding potential immune dysfunctions may provide a greater understanding of this malady. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CD57(+)CD3(-) mature lymphocyte subpopulation of natural killer cells as a marker of immune dysfunction in ASD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three-color flow cytometry-based analysis of fresh peripheral blood samples from children with autism was utilized to measure CD57(+)CD3(-) lymphocytes.

RESULTS
A reduction of CD57(+)CD3(-) lymphocyte count was recorded in a significant number of patients with autism.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that the number of peripheral CD57(+)CD3(-) cells in children with autism often falls below the clinically accepted normal range. This implies that a defect in the counter-regulatory functions necessary for balancing pro-inflammatory cytokines exists, thus opening the way to chronic inflammatory conditions associated with ASD.


Home organization is a common problem for people of all ages. Possible consequences of not being organized at home include loss of time and money; decreased task efficiency and focus; and increased strain on interpersonal relationships. However, there is little empirical research on people's specific needs for home organization across the lifespan. Participants (10 younger adults, 10 older adults) completed questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews investigating their needs for and factors impacting home organization. Home organization was important to participants, yet a majority of them were not fully satisfied with it. Younger and older adults reported various spaces they considered most and least organized in their homes. Both age groups reported that the number of items in a space, the plan for organizing the items, and having a place for all of the items contributed to a space being organized versus not organized. Design considerations for a support system or tool based on these findings are discussed.


Gathering Strength: Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan which was released on January 7,1998,responded to Aboriginal peoples'will and needs.It is aimed at capacity building from four aspects of: renewing the partnership,recognizing and strengthening First Nations governments,establishing equitable and sustainable fiscal relationships,and supporting stronger First Nations communities and people.As an essential component of devolution,the Action Plan proves to be a valuable step and option adopted by Aboriginals towards self-government.


The rate of acetylation of SMZ was detected by the Bratton-Marshall procedure. The changes of the rate of acetylation between before and after mastectomy were were observed in 30 patients with breast tumor. The rate of acetylation after mastectomy decreased by 2.94% as compared with that before mastectomy in 22 patients with breast cancer. The difference of the rate of acetylation between and after mastectomy was statistically signifcant But the changes in 8 patients with benign breast cancer was small and the difference of the rate of acetyation was statiatically insignificant. In animal test, the rate of acetylation after transplapntation was 5.58% more than that before transplantation and the difference of the rate of acetylation was statistically significant The rate of acetylation decraesed by 4.63% statistically significantly after the removal of the tumour. The . rate of acetylation inceased continually in the tumourbearing mice if the tumor was not removed. In addition, there was a correlation between the decrement of the rate of acety lation and the removed tumour weight. There was a logarithmic correlation between the increment of the rate of acetylation and the tumour weight. The results suggested that the changes of the rate of acetylation were related to the development of breast cancer. The results in the test with tumour S180 were similar with that in the test with breast cancer MA782/5S and supported the opinion above.


Experts are trying to predict what Afghanistan's future will look like once NATO troops leave the country. Analysts agree that the main problems facing the current Afghan government — corruption, p...


Criminal policy strategies in the perspective of government by law is a systematic project,meaning formulating specific criminal policies based on the premise of government by law.This topic is expounded from the following four aspects,i.e,legistlation strategy,judicature strategy,executive strategy and society strategy.


During the 1950s, epidemics of an illness which came to be known as Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis were reported from many different parts of the world. Fourteen such epidemics have been reviewed by Acheson (1959). As each fresh outbreak was reported several curious features began to emerge. No virus or other aetiological agent could ever be incriminated, in spite of strong evidence for an infective origin. The illness showed a strange predilection for young women, particularly nurses, and several epidemics occurred in association with poliomyelitis. And though muscular weakness and other neurological disabilities were often severe, objective evidence of damage to the central nervous system was usually conspicuously absent. Indeed, in comparison with other forms of encephalomyelitis the illness seemed mild, even trivial, yet those affected often suffered repeated relapses and exacerbations for many months or even years, and were always curiously slow to regain their former vigour.


Abstract The experience of being bilingual may accrue cognitive reserve against age-related declines in older adults. Early bilingualism, e.g., second language age-of-acquisition (L2AoA), has been shown to be associated with better theory-of-mind (ToM) performance in older adults (Yow et al., 2021). Here, we aim to understand the brain structural correlates associated with bilingualism and ToM performance in normal aging. Forty-six young (YA, aged 19-30, M=21.87) and 51 older adult bilinguals (OA, aged 54-77, M=63.61) completed 1) ToM assessments, where they viewed vignettes and answered questions about the protagonists' mental states, 2) an anatomical MRI scan, 3) a demographic questionnaire including L2AoA and years of education, and 4) a general cognitive ability assessment by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. As expected, ANCOVA on ToM composite scores revealed a significant main effect of age – YA showed better ToM performance than OA, F(1,93)=9.48, p=.003, controlling for education and MoCA scores. Importantly, MRI data were preprocessed to obtain gray matter volume (GMV), proxy of neuronal density, of 430 brain regions. Partial least square correlation analysis identified one significant multivariate pattern linking individual differences in GMV with ToM score and L2AoA (48.7% covariance explained, p=.014). Regardless of age, larger GMV in several regions including prefrontal, frontal, medial temporal, and superior temporal cortices were associated with earlier L2AoA (p=.003) and higher ToM score (p=.004), indicating shared variance between ToM and L2AoA in brain morphology. Findings suggest that earlier bilingual acquisition might promote brain maturation that would preserve ToM ability well into later stages of life.


Metcalf A. E., Markham J. and Feeney B. P. (1976) A price resistance model for personal travel, Reg. Studies 10, 79–88. This paper describes the development of a price resistance model for personal travel. The model provides a comprehensive and flexible mechanism for assessing the effect on the demand for travel for any particular mode or modes of cost changes, such as changes in bus fares, petrol prices, parking charges, etc. Both the absolute change in the overall demand for travel associated with any change in cost (considered in terms of both time and money) for a specific mode, and the competitive adjustments in demand between modes as a result of the change are taken into account in the model. The results of a case study on the effect of bus fare increases shows that the models predictive ability is good and that it is a realistic and robust tool.


A major goal of social democratic welfare states has been to reduce the impact of social origin on the life chances of individuals. If the universalistic and egalitarian policies of these states were successful, we would expect the effect of social origin on social disadvantage to decline across cohorts. We study the impact of parental income during childhood and adolescence on four forms of social disadvantage in Norway. These are receipt of social welfare assistance, unemployment, low educational attainment, and becoming a teenage mother. The data consists of a maximum of 30 complete birth cohorts. Our results indicate that there is a systematic impact of parental income at all levels of the income distribution. Those originating in the poorest families do not stand out as a marginal group. The prevalence of youth employment, teenage motherhood, and low educational attainment decreases during the period we study, whereas receipt of welfare benefits is more stable over time. If we focus on relative inequality, however, intergenerational transmission of social disadvantage does not decline over time. The impact of parental income is rather stable or even slightly increasing.


Introduction: Aggressiveness is not an exclusive issue for justice and mental health systems, but rather a dimension present at different levels among all (Stone, 2009). In Kernberg's (2006) theory, also impulsivity is not conceptualized as pathological in any case, but rather a vulnerability factor for the development of psychopathology. Even if they often merge in the concept of 'impulsive-aggression', they seem to represent two separate, though overlapping, constructs (Garcìa-Forero et al., 2009).


Massive integration of renewables and electric vehicles comes with unknown dynamics — what exemplifies the need for fast, accurate, and robust distribution system state estimation (DSSE). Due to limited real-time measurements however, optimization-oriented DSSE faces major challenges related to convergence, as well as multiple global/local minima. To address these challenges, this paper puts forth a novel deep neural network (DNN)-based computational framework for DSSE that consists of two modules: a deep recurrent neural network (RNN) based pseudo-measurement postulating module, and a prox-linear net-based real-time state estimation module. Both RNN and prox-linear nets learn complex nonlinear functions, and can afford efficient training by leveraging existing deep learning platforms. Numerical tests with semi-real load data demonstrate the merits of the DNN-based DSSE approach.


Some new l-(substituted thioanilido)-8-keto-3-substituted benzopyridazines (III) were prepared by reacting 4-aryl-3- thisemicarbazides with either 2- (substituted benzoyl) benzoic acid or 2-carboxy benzaldehyde/2-carboxyl (substituted benzophenone) (I). Thiosemicarbazones (II) thus formed on cyclodehydration gave the titled compounds. These benzopyridazines were screened for their antifungal' activities. Based on screening data, some structure activity relationship has been established.


Based on Fresnel diffractive theory, a binary optical laser cavity is designed for a circle, flat topped fundamental mode. Instead of the traditional spherical mirrors for a laser cavity, the diffractive mode-selecting mirrors are used to optimize the amplitude and phase of the laser mode by simulated annealing algorithm. The computer simulation results show that the mode loss rate between TEM00 and TEM01 is 1:430 for a round trip in the cavity, and only the required fundamental mode is established in the laser cavity.


High-Quality 21st Century Indonesian Humans are characterized by five main characteristics of aspects of development that take place in a balanced and harmonious manner, namely the development of the body (physical), intelligence (intelligence), emotional (affection), socialization, and spiritual. The pattern of care, upbringing, and education of children should refer to efforts to develop these five aspects in a harmonious and balanced manner in order to form a person who is healthy, intelligent, sensitive (sensitive), flexible to adapt and relies on conscience in acting and acting. Thus, even though he is dealing with a global lifestyle, his footing on the roots of traditional life which is the forerunner of the life of his nation and country will not be swept away by the currents of global life. Instead, he will be able to choose and decide what is best for himself, his nation and his country, both for short-term and long-term needs. Law enforcement and the example needed as a model for shaping behavior, both shown by parents and the community, are important. Interdisciplinary collaboration in solving the problems faced today is very much needed. Development must be directed at the ideals of the nation and state when this republic was founded. Togetherness is important to be able to maintain unity and unity.


HIGH COURTS IN A SYSTEM OF SEPARATED POWERS: CONFLICT OR COOPERATION? A VIEW FROM MASSACHUSETTS MAY, 2002 MICHELE DeMARY, B.A., MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY M.A, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST Directed by: Professor Sheldon Goldman The separation of powers is an institution which lies at the core of the American political system. The theory underlying this method of structuring power is that it will commonly produce conflict. On the other hand, separating powers, with each branch performing the task for which it is best prepared, can be an efficient way to structure the allocation of responsibilities in a political system. This dissertation asks which of these theoretical assumptions is most prevalent when the separation of powers is put into action. It analyzes the role of the state supreme court of Massachusetts, the Supreme Judicial Court, in that state's political system. The activities of this court from the 1970s through the 1990s were analyzed to determine the degree to which it moved outside traditional judicial roles and then to determine how such activities are viewed by the primary policy making body in a democracy, the legislature. This study found that the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts was involved regularly in making policy for the state through statutory interpretation and through the development of both common and constitutional law. Contrary to the widespread assumption underlying the separation of powers, however, this activity has not generated


MATLAB6.0 software which includes application program about numerical value analyses, matrix operation, DS processing, filter designing and control system designing, can help us complete designing analysis in the communication system. This paper describes achieve method and designing the program about using MATLAB to both webbing restrain carrier modem.


This article examines the welfare equivalence of alternative modes of protection for the domestic input producers in duopolistic environment when tariffication is adopted in the input tier. We use the definition of equivalence introduced by Vousden (1987). In contrast to Vousden (1987), we find that when the final good producers have Cournot conjectures, a content protection scheme (CPS) may be more efficient in respect of both protection and social welfare compared to the X-equivalent tariff or not depending on the value of the parameters.


There are many English teaching resources in China. However, the quality of English resources can not be guaranteed. In recent years, we have been emphasizing the network of English teaching. Experts believe that the utilization rate of online English teaching resources is very high. Teachers can use the corpus resources in the network to find suitable teaching materials. This kind of teaching mode greatly enhances the students' interest[1]. The construction of subject group English corpus which is easy to use in computer network has become a hot topic in English academic circles. This paper describes the concept and attributes of corpus. Finally, this paper puts forward the future direction of corpus construction.


in mode and collage-like in method, the book holds up a mirrornot to faithfully reflect what we see, but to fracture, crop and reassemble it. Thus, while parts of images come from and may hint at a variety of life-forms, these are not pictures of cells and embryos and water per se, but images of the elemental principles and forms beery literal translations of the le: cartoons of what one might 00-n cube of a cell were magi lion times (Fig. 2). I work in aphic style with li tle perspective i ize the intrusion of design. The i l, sy etrical shapes of the mol, e see ingly random placement hind these phenomena. In addition to alluding to preexisting forms, these im278 Artists' Statements f i~ This content downloaded from 220.127.116.11 on Tue, 23 Aug 2016 05:46:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Motivated by a recent experiment [Fuchs et al. , Nat. Phys. 11 , 964 (2015)], we theoretically investigate the process of x-ray nonlinear Compton scattering (XNLC). Our approach is based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for an atomic system subject to an intense x-ray pulse, and explicitly accounts for the spontaneous scattering into a quantized photonic mode. We employ our framework to study multiple nonlinear scattering scenarios. Initially, we consider soft x rays at 500 eV photon energy to scatter nonlinearly off a helium target. For this, we find that XNLC is dominated by certain third-order processes rather than the naïvely expected mechanisms pertaining to the lowest order of perturbation theory. Subsequently, we apply our model to XNLC in helium at 4 . 0 keV photon energy and beryllium at 9 . 7 keV. Contrary to the conclusions drawn from the experimental observations, our results suggest a good agreement of the XNLC spectrum with simple, free-electron model predictions. Moreover, our studies reveal striking qualitative similarities of linear and nonlinear Compton scattering cross sections in this regime.


...........................................................................................................................
  2 Introduction
  .............................................................................................................................
  2 Material and methods
  ...........................................................................................................
  2 Results
  .......................................................................................................................................
  2 Discussion
  .................................................................................................................................
  2 Abbreviations
  ................................................................................................................
  3 Introduction
  ..................................................................................................................
  4 1. Aim of project
  .....................................................................................................................
  4 2. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model
  .................................................................
  4 2.1 General properties
  .................................................................................................
  4 2.2 Behavior
  ....................................................................................................................
  5 3. Learning and memory
  ......................................................................................................
  5 3.1 In general
  ..................................................................................................................
  5 3.2 Learning and memory in the zebrafish
  .............................................................
  6 4. Sleep
  ......................................................................................................................................
  6 4.1 Characteristic features of sleep
  ...........................................................................
  6 4.2 Hypocretin/Orexin system
  ....................................................................................
  7 4.3 Sleep and synaptic plasticity
  ................................................................................
  8 Material
  and
  methods
  ................................................................................................
  9 5. Materials
  ..............................................................................................................................
  9 5.1 Animals
  .....................................................................................................................
  9 5.2 Apparatus setup
  ......................................................................................................
  9 6. Methods
  .............................................................................................................................
  11 6.1 Training
  .................................................................................................................
  11 6.2 Sleep conditions
  ...................................................................................................
  11 6.3 Memory testing
  ....................................................................................................
  11 6.4 Euthanasia procedure and tissue collection
  ..................................................
  12 6.5 Data analysis
  .........................................................................................................
  12 Results
  ..........................................................................................................................
  12 7. Measurements and statistics
  .........................................................................................
  12 7.1 Learning and memory measurements
  ............................................................
  12 7.2 Sleep measurements
  ............................................................................................
  13 Discussion
  ...................................................................................................................
  17 Conclusions
  and
  perspectives
  ..............................................................................
  21 Acknowledgment
  ......................................................................................................
  22 References
  ...................................................................................................................
  23


A new approach to the analysis of soft and semihard hadron processes is suggested. In the frame of the Quark-Gluon String Model the interaction of valence quarks and diquarks and sea quarks (antiquarks) of colliding hadrons is taken into account. This one is calculated as the exchange by one nonpertubative gluon, i.e., the cut-off parameter in the gluonic propagator is included. This one allows us to analise the inclusive hadron spectra in hadron collisions at transverse momenta up to 3-4 Gev/c.


Looks at the forces shaping modern Soviet society, explains why Western expectations were so far off, and describes how past events have led to thes changes.


The article explores the national features of Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist and Isajon Sultan's The Free. The course of events and philosophy of both works are close to each other. The dream-goal of the protagonists is given in a similar way to the images of the journey process. Therefore, the symbolic meanings in the images, in the way of expression of ideas, in the materials that reveal the subject, in some artistic details are analyzed from a national point of view. In this work, the role and importance of the novels "Alchemist" and "Free" in the education of a harmoniously developed person is revealed. Also, the artistic skills and unique styles of the writers were studied.


Based on recent advances in the field of microphysiological systems, we established a Leukemiaon-chip concept to mimic blood cancer in vitro by continuously circulating leukemia cells in a microfluidic system. This platform is complemented by an integrated electrical-impedance-spectroscopy (EIS) unit that enables to monitor the flowing cancer cells in real-time. The electric parameters, such as membrane conductivity and dielectric properties, alter upon the death of leukemia cells. Thus, drug-cancer interactions can be studied online and label-free by means of EIS. In this study, we present proof-of-concept experimental results that show the potential of EIS for real-time drug efficacy research.


Objective To detect the function of blood coagulation for pregnant women with gestational hypertension,and to elucidate its clinical significance and application.Methods The results of prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,fibrinogen(FIB),D-Dimer(D-D)for pregnant women with or without hypertension(each group 58 cases),and randomly selected normal unpregnant women(88 cases)were compared using BECKMAN(ACL9000)to test the four parameters of blood coagulation.Results Blood coagulation tests showed that FIB and D-D of pregnant women were slightly or notably increased compared with unpregnant women(P0.01).FIB and D-D of pregnant women with hypertension were higher than those of normal pregnancy(P0.01).Conclusion Regular inspection of the blood coagulation for pregnant women is significant to early diagnosis and treatment for the gestational hypertension,which is also a guidance to monitor the pregnant women′s blood coagulation,providing scientfic laboratory basis for the pregnant woman health and normal fetus development.


Four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of heat, temperature, pH, and salt concentration on the growth and viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus using nutrient agar plate cultures. The heating effect was checked at 50 and 80 C for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min, while temperature effects were examined at 4, 25, 30, 37, and 45 C. Results showed that P. aeruginosa could grow well at 50 C for 1 h while only surviving at 80 C for 10 min. Growths were recorded from 25 C for all the bacteria tested. No growth was recorded at pH 11 for P. aeruginosa. In contrast, others exhibited growth at all the pH tested except for S. aureus that could not survive pH 3. All organisms could not survive any of the salt concentrations tested. However, some growth was recorded between 5 – 10 % salt for others, with S. aureus showing the highest tolerance to salt. A study of the effect of environmental conditions on the growth and viability of microorganisms is necessary in thr future. These findings provide a more realistic estimation of food safety risks and valuable quantitative data to develop processes for safer food products. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i3.4 Open Access Article: (https://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/) This an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCL), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Impact factor: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=21082 Google Analytics: https://www.ajol.info/stats/bdf07303d34706088ffffbc8a92c9c1491b12470 Copyright: © 2022 Abel and Evivie


Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic and a derived amino acid in the methionine metabolism and is a risk factor for cardiovascular and many other metabolic diseases. In this study, the purpose was to determine serum homocysteine levels in healthy sheep based on differences in age and gender. 220 healthy Akkaraman sheep, composed of both females (n=55 lambs and 55 ewes) and males (n=55 lambs and 55 rams), were used as animal samples. The measurements of serum homocysteine concentrations were performed with ELISA-HCY kit. The levels of serum homocysteine of sheep were detected in ewes, female lambs, rams and male lambs as 2,91±0,50; 2,99±0,42; 11,22±3,10; 6,43±1,26 μmol/L, respectively. The primary intent of this study was to investigation and characterization the serum Hcy concentrations in healthy sheep broken down by different ages in both genders As a result, the serum homocysteine values that can constitute a reference value for healthy breeds of sheep were determined in this study.


Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death globally and the most common type of heart disease. Health complaints are subjective in nature; it may afford information on the degree of recovery from coronary artery disease. Educational guidelines play a vital role in increasing knowledge, practice, and modifying health behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational guideline adherence on health complaints and anxiety level among patients with coronary artery disease. Subjects and Method: Design: Quasi-experimental research design. Setting: The study was conducted at cardiology and coronary care unit affiliated with El Hussein University Hospitals. Subjects: A Purposive sample of 104 adult patients was selected and equally divided into (52) study and (52) control group. Three Tools include Patients' Structured Interview Questionnaire, The Somatic Health Complaints Questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire was used in this study. Results: The mean age of the study and control group were (54.21±8.01& 54.71 ±10.42, respectively), 59.6% of both groups were males. There was a highly statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding total mean scores of knowledge, all dimensions of health complaints and anxiety level scores (p > 0.001) at post and follows up phases throughout implementation. Conclusion: There was a highly statistically significant improvement regarding the mean scores of total knowledge, somatic health complaints and anxiety level for the study group at the post and follow up phases of the educational guidelines Adherence implementation. Recommendation: Develop Telecommunication interventions in secondary prevention for patients with CAD to promote effective reduction of risk factors.


A general approach to the Alfven current-drive problem is developed in this paper. The covariant-form expression for the longitudinal drag force, which can be applied to any magnetic traps (both closed and open), is obtained. For closed magnetic traps, the surface-averaged high-frequency driving force is derived. For axially symmetric tokamaks with an arbitrary transverse cross section, a simple expression for the force is found. It is shown that the magnetohydrodynamic approach can be used to get the oscillating currents on which the time-averaged force depends.


There have been little empirical research and few theoretical conceptions of womens status and the link to fertility decline among traditional patriarchal societies where social change is limited and womens roles are rigidly prescribed. In this analysis the features of patriarchy which contribute to persistent high fertility were described for South Asia where traditional gender roles remain. Patriarchy consists of social relationships that enable men to dominate women. In South Asia and North India this is manifested in a stratification system supported by social economic and political institutions that bestows material advantages to men and severely constrains women. Constraints for women include "purdah" or the seclusion of women in household space which prevents income-generating activities and limit activities in public space. Inheritance systems bypass women. It is the man who defines resources and contributions that are to be highly valued and who supports womens exclusion from formal education. Men also control female sexuality through arranged marriage and virginity restrictions; sex is defined as that which benefits the husband. There is limited opportunity for egalitarian relationships. According to theories of patriarchy womens strong son preference and lack of reproductive control over decision-making and mens constraints on womens access to resources are consequences of patriarchal systems. The enhanced economic and social value of sons and the lower value for daughters reinforce son preferences and larger families. Programs such as in Bangladesh have successfully reached low-status women through outreach services recruiting female providers intervening with the husband and family providing contraceptive choices and continuing support after acceptance. The Islamic belt stretches widely and patriarchal systems have many variations but the implications for fertility are very important.


Recovering matrices from incomplete and corrupted observations is a fundamental problem with many applications in various areas of science and engineering. In theory, under certain conditions, this problem can be solved via a natural convex relaxation. However, all current provable algorithms suffer from superlinear per-iteration cost, which severely limits their applicability to large scale problems. In this paper, we propose a robust principal component analysis (RPCA) plus matrix completion framework to recover low-rank and sparse matrices from missing and grossly corrupted observations. Under the unified framework, we first present a convex robust matrix completion model to replace the linear projection operator constraint by a simple equality one. To further improve the efficiency of our convex model, we also develop a scalable structured factorization model, which can yield an orthogonal dictionary and a robust data representation simultaneously. Then, we develop two alternating direction augmented Lagrangian (ADAL) algorithms to efficiently solve the proposed problems. Finally, we discuss the convergence analysis of our algorithms. Experimental results verified both the efficiency and effectiveness of our methods compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.


Bangkok has expanded considerably between 1991 - 1996. Which, the key factors contributed to the expansion consisted of real estate, business development and manufacturing industry. The horizontal expansion continued until 1991, after that Bangkok has increased its vertical expansion, especially in the inner and urban areas. The increasing in term of population causes the inner zone growth with high concentration rate, however, the suburban areas are characterized as of urban sprawls with the major expansion of road network. Those connectivities cut through the heart of Bangkok with the surrounding provinces. Currently, Bangkok has been continued its expansion in all directions, with high number of private cars and less users' choices for public transportation, wich resulted in land-use changes, pollution, and traffic problems. The objective of this research is to study pattern of urban expansion and rate of changes in land use and infrastructure development by analyzing the land use changes in Bangkok and metropolitan and infrastructure development during the past 10 years, 2009 – 2019. The comparing of growth can be performed based on the study of satellite imagery, Path 129 Row 50 and Path 129 Row 51. From the result of analysis, it was found that road intersection density had an effect of the urban density areas. Finally, the Land Change Modeler (LCM) was used to explore and recommend for the appropriate ways for urban planning and development corresponding to the changes and responsive to the people in more sustainable way.


The cationic complexes trans-[RuCl(L)(dppm)2]+ (1a, L = CO; 1b, L = CNtBu; 1c, L = CNPh), trans-[Ru(CNR)2(dppm)2]2+ (1d, R = tBu; 1e, R = Ph), and trans-[Mn(CO)2(dppm)2]+ (1f) are selectively deprotonated with KOH or NaMeO affording the mixed ligand dppm/dppm-H complexes (dppm-H = [(PPh2)2CH]-) trans-[RuCl(L)(dppm)(dppm-H)] (2a−c), trans-[Ru(CNR)2(dppm)(dppm-H)]+ (2d,e), and trans-[Mn(CO)2(dppm)(dppm-H)] (2f), respectively. Under more forcing conditions, 2d and 2e undergo a second deprotonation reaction to give trans-[Ru(CNR)2(dppm-H)2] (3d,e). The treatment of 1f with [AuCl(PPh3)] in the adequate stoichiometric ratio, in the presence of an excess of KOH, affords the heterometallic complexes trans-[Mn(CO)2(dppm){(PPh2)2CH(AuPPh3)}]+ (4f), trans-[Mn(CO)2{(PPh2)2CH(AuPPh3)}2]+ (5f), trans-[Mn(CO)2{(PPh2)2CH(AuPPh3)}{(PPh2)2C(AuPPh3)2}]+ (6f), and trans-[Mn(CO)2{(PPh2)2C(AuPPh3)2}2]+ (7f) as a result of the stepwise double metalation of the two dppm ligands. 4f is more conveniently prepared by reaction of 2f...


The extracellular production of penicillin acylase (PAC) in genetically engineered Escherichia coli by coexpression of the brp gene encoding bacteriocin release protein (BRP) and the pac gene was demonstrated. Cell physiology was affected while PAC was released into the medium, depending on the strategy for brp expression. The performance for the production and release of PAC was optimized by taking several culture parameters, including host, inducer (mitomycin C) concentration, and induction timing for brp expression, into consideration. The effect of PAC release on inclusion body formation was also investigated. It was observed that the amount of inclusion bodies was significantly affected by brp expression. A reason for the limitation of PAC production and a strategy for resolving this problem are proposed.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


ABSTRACT This article examines the use of news sources in mainstream television coverage of a Canadian election and considers these findings within the context of broader studies on the significance and role of sources in election news. Using content analysis, it considers the type, nature, and functions of sources in election reporting and pays particular attention to the competing theories of the use of sources in news discourse. Through a review of the type, length, and frequency of sources, a more media-centric theory of source use emerges. It is suggested that rather than "primary definers" or "political entrepreneurs," sources often function as mere "symbolic representations" of an already framed story in election discourse. RESUME Cet article examine l'utilisation de sources a la television grand public lors d'une election canadienne, puis considere les resultats de cet examen dans le contexte plus large d'une etude de la signification et du role des sources dans les reportages electoraux. L'article recourt a l'analyse de contenu pour recenser le type, la nature et les fonctions des sources dans les nouvelles et porte une attention particuliere a certaines theories contrastantes sur le recours aux sources dans les discours de l'actualite. En passant en revue le type, la duree et la frequence des sources, l'article formule une theorie centree sur les medias. Il suggere que, plutot que « definisseurs primaires » ou « entrepreneurs politiques », les sources sont souvent de simples « representations symboliques » d'une histoire deja encadree dans les discours electoraux.


S ince the 1950s, physicians and scientists have made incredible advances throughout the field of medicine. We have discovered life-saving drugs, performed procedures that would have seemed unimaginable, and improved the quality of life of patients across the spectrum of care. All of these accomplishments were made possible by technological advances. When it comes to selecting candidates for medical residencies, however, there has been less progress in incorporating technology. Since the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) was developed in 1952, its structure has remained fairly stable. After 4 years of medical school, we require medical students, who often carry 6-figure debt burdens, to pay their own way to visit programs that offer them an interview. With 58 400 applicants participating in anywhere from 1 to 30 interviews each, this system creates a great amount of complexity, financial burden, and stress. Despite adopting an online application process and posting some program descriptions online, programs and students have not yet fully harnessed the power of the Internet to meaningfully improve the applicant information, decrease the time and opportunity costs of the application process, or improve the overall outcomes. Having been through this process recently, we offer several suggestions to improve the experience for both interviewees and programs.


Composite resins specimens made of Metafil, Silux plus, Heliomolar, and Palfique estelite for dental application were prepared by lightcuring. The tribological behavior of dental composite resins containing prepolymerized particle fillers under distilledwaterlubricated sliding against Si3N4 was investigated in a ballonplate contact configuration, with an emphasis placed on the effect of prepolymerized inorganic particulate fillers on the fracture and wearresistance of the composite resins. The worn surfaces of the composite resins were observed with a scanning electron microscope. It was found that Metafil showed a higher friction coefficient in sliding against the ceramic ball, while Silux plus and Palfique estelite had better wear resistance than Metafil and Heliomolar under the same testing condition. The fracture behavior and wearresistance of the composite resins depended on the volume fractions of the inorganic particulate fillers therein, which accounted for the different wearresistance of the composite resins. The composite resins containing prepolymerized particle fillers were dominated by abrasive wear in sliding against the ceramic ball, which was attributed to the brittle fracture and detachment of the prepolymerized inorganic particulate fillers in the resin.