The advent of enclosed arrays has provided an opportunity to bring into APL previously extra-lingual objects such as tokenstrings, packages and functions. By doing so a more formal and rigorous definition of APL is achieved. Within this definition many simplifications are possible, including the subsuming of workspaces, files, libraries and other 'entities' into arrays and functions. The work is being implemented on the Hewlett-Packard A900 minicomputer.


Objectives: In order to find out the differences in source–sink characteristics of ratooning rice and main season rice and find approaches to increase the grain yield of ratooning rice, a sowing-by-stage method was adopted to synchronize main season rice with ratooning rice and induce their key growth stages under similar environmental conditions. The source–sink characteristics of four varieties under similar ecological conditions of main and ratooning rice were examined in 2019 and 2020. Results: The main results were: (1) The leaf area index (LAI) of the ratooning rice ranged from 0.54 to 1.44, while that of the LAI of main season rice was 4.67–7.71. The LAI of ratooning rice was much smaller than that of the main season rice; the former was only approximately 1/7–1/5 of the latter. (2) The photosynthesis (Pn) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of the ratooning rice were significantly higher than those of the main season rice before the milking–maturing stages. Still, at the late maturing stage, no definite tendency existed. (3) Ratooning rice transported 14C-assimilate from the flag leaf to the panicle at an estimated 81.43%, while main season rice transported 63.95%. The main stem's top first and second internodes have been observed to be a major location for the 14C-assimilate in main season rice. (4) The grain yield of main season rice was 6029–7929 kg ha−1 while the grain yield of ratooning rice ranged from 2363–3297 kg ha−1. The sink capacity of the main season rice was approximately 2.4–3.6 times that of ratooning rice. The catalase activity of the rachis branches of the ratooning rice was higher than that of the main season rice. (5) The grain/leaf area (sink/source) ratio in the ratoon season rice was 1.69–2.46 times higher than that of the main season rice. Conclusions: The grain yields of ratooning rice were determined by the interaction of source and sink capacity while those of main season rice were mainly increased by enhancing sink capacity. Choosing varieties with heavier 1000 grain weight, exerting the advantages of higher photosynthetic rate and net assimilation rate of ratooning rice, promoting leaf area, and improving the transportation capacity of carbohydrate are the main approaches to increase the grain yield of ratooning rice.


Color design is a main course of image design professional in vocational colleges,through the curriculum orientation of color design,presents innovation capacity-building is the main elements of image design teaching.Students' innocative ability has a pivotal role in the course of study.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains highly prevalent, underdiagnosed, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Disease rates and cost of care continue to rise annually in the United States and worldwide. Recent years have seen advances in our understanding of COPD as a heterogenous disease with distinct phenotypes. It is increasingly recognized that COPD severity and impact is complex and is inadequately described by airflow obstruction alone. The revised 2011 GOLD guidelines now incorporate multidimensional measures of symptom burden, functional limitations, and exacerbation frequency in patient assessment. Moreover, COPD is commonly associated with multiple medical co-morbidities that also have an impact on the symptom burden, disease severity, and mortality for individual patients. This conceptual frame-shift to recognition of COPD as a heterogenous and multifaceted disease with varying impact on the patient has begun to revolutionize the way COPD care is approached in the outpatient setting. Current management guidelines now emphasize broader-based patient assessment including characterization of patients' phenotypes, symptom burden, functional limitations, exacerbation risk, and co-morbidities to guide therapeutic interventions. Although some forms of therapy continue to be applicable to all patients with COPD, others seem to only benefit patients with selected disease phenotypes. Here we explore some of the recent advances in outpatient COPD management. We consider the varying manifestations of COPD, treatment approaches that remain broadly applicable, as well as selected phenotype-specific treatments, interventions targeted at reducing exacerbations, and management of intractable symptoms. We also suggest areas for future exploration.


Gleno-humeral dislocations are frequent, but associated complete transection of the axillary artery has only been reported sporadically. We present a case of complete rupture of the axillary artery associated with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, followed by a discussion of the likely mechanisms and the key learning points.


Crystalline acrylamide was irradiated at --78 deg C with gamma rays and the postpolymerization of the irradiated crystals was studied in the temperature range 0 to 60 deg C. The polymerization rate decays rapidly at low conversion, and the polymer yield is, for long polymerization times, linear in the logarithm of time. The activation energy for the polymerization is 25 kcal/mole, The molecular weight of the polymer depends at a given polymerization temperature on the polymerization time, but remains unchanged over a sixteenfold variation of the irradiation dose. The number of polymer chains, as deduced from the ratio of polymer yield and molecular weight, increases only slightly with conversion, probably owing to chain transfer to monomer, The number of chains calculated in this way is in satisfactory agreement with the number of radicals estimated from electron spin resonance. The ESR signal changes very little during the postpolymerization. The presence of oxygen has little effect on the polymerization. Molten and shock-cooled monomer yields about twice as much polymer as large slowly grown crystals, but the molecular weight of the product is the same, implying that crystal imperfections increase slightly the chain initiation efficiency, but are without effect on chain propagation, Propionamidemore » is isomorphous with acrylaraide and forms with it solid solutions over the entire concentration range. The polymerization of acrylamide in solid solutions containing up to l0% propionamide proceeds at a rate indistinguishable from that for pure acrylamide; at higher propionamide concentrations the rate falls off less rapidly than the concentration of the monomer. The molecular weights of polymers obtained from solid solutions approach a limiting value for long polymerization times which is determined by chain transfer to propionamide. Up to 10% propionamide concentration, the limiting polymer chain length is inversely proportional to the propionamide concentration and corresponds to a chain transfer coefficient of 0.022 at 25 deg C and 0.0664 at 60 deg C. The high value of the chain transfer coefficient at 25 deg C is ascribed to the directing influence of the crystal lattice which makes it difficult for a chain to "grow around" a site occupied by a propionamide molecule, The gradual loosening of the lattice restraints at higher temperatures explains the decrease in the chain transfer at higher temperatures. Acetamide is not isomorphous with acrylamide, but a limited amount of acetamide can be incorporated into the acrylamide lattice; the polymerization of such solid solutions exhibits, however, no chain transfer. X-ray-diffraction studies indicate that partially polymerized acrylamide contains separate monomer and polymer phases. Since the chain transfer behavior of propionamide and other evidence points to the importance of lattice control in solid-state polymerization, it is suggested that the polymer chains grow at a monomer-polymer interface with the growing end anchored in the crystal lattice of the monomer. (auth)« less


Magnetic island formation is experimentally investigated in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The (m, n)=(1, 1) vacuum magnetic island is generated by using the local island diverter (LID) field, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The island width depends on plasma parameters (the electron temperature and the beta) and the magnetic axis position. In the case of Rax=3.53 m, the magnetic island in the plasma is larger than that in the vacuum field. Here, Rax is the major radius of the magnetic axis. In the case of Rax=3.6 m, the magnetic island is not generated when the error field is less than the threshold, which is increased as the beta is increased. Evidence of island current is obtained when the magnetic island is formed due to a small error field. However, the mechanism that generates the island is not known yet.


Summary This paper describes and discusses a study of urban teachers' perceptions of the use of various natural settings for environmental education. In the study 59 teachers were interviewed. Each teacher was asked to examine a set of black and white photographs depicting four different natural settings. For each setting the teacher made a judgement as to whether particular subject areas (e.g. science, social studies and art) and lesson activities (e.g. writing, plant studies and listening and observation) could be taught there. Implications for the infusion of environmental education throughout the curriculum are discussed.


In this paper we present the synthesis of mixed bifunctional compounds of T8H8 silsesquioxane and spherosilicate (HSiMe2O)8Si8O12 derivatives via platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkenylgermanes and olefins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature example of bifunctional compounds with organogermyl functionalities. Eleven mixed systems with a variety of substituents (Si-H, alkyl, germyl, epoxy, and hydroxy) were prepared and fully characterized by NMR. Additionally, our research includes a real-time FT-IR study of the synthesis of these bifunctional compounds of the general formula (R)8-m (GeR'3(CH2)n+2R)mSi8 O12. and (R''(CH2)2R)8-m(GeR'3(CH2)2R)mSi8O12 where m~4.


The estrogenic properties of alcholic extracts of carrot seeds (Daucus carota) were assessed and the effects of the extract on implantation were determined postcoitally in mice. Doses of 60 and 120 mg/mouse significantly (p less than .001) increased wet uterine weights in the 3-day uterotropic bioassay. Using estradiol-17beta as a reference standard the extract was found to possess extremely weak estrogenic activity. The extract significantly (p less than .001) inhibited the uterotropic effect of estradiol-17beta in the 3-day antiestrogenic assay. Oral administration of the extract from Days 4 to 6 postcoitum in doses of 80 and 120 mg/mouse effectively inhibited implantation. However oral administration on Days 8-10 postcoitum did not affect pregnancy.


Aim  Abdominal pain, defaecation disorder and change of bowel habit are the commonest symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) was assessed on the severity of symptoms in patients with IBS.


Static analysis tools for software defect detection are becoming widely used in practice. However, there is little public information regarding the experimental evaluation of the accuracy and value of the warnings these tools report. In this paper, we discuss the warnings found by FindBugs, a static analysis tool that finds defects in Java programs. We discuss the kinds of warnings generated and the classification of warnings into false positives, trivial bugs and serious bugs. We also provide some insight into why static analysis tools often detect true but trivial bugs, and some information about defect warnings across the development lifetime of software release. We report data on the defect warnings in Sun's Java 6 JRE, in Sun's Glassfish JEE server, and in portions of Google's Java codebase. Finally, we report on some experiences from incorporating static analysis into the software development process at Google.


Has the Genome Granted Our Wish Yet? Interpretation of polygenic risk scores will someday become an accepted part of clinical practice — but not just yet. It is, however, time to evaluate these sco...


Previous works in this laboratory (1, 2) have demonstrated that bacterial pyrogenic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content of rabbit brain and spleen. Furthermore, it was also shown that LPS induces 5-HT release from rabbit platelet only in the presence of Ca ion and plasma component which is destroyed at 56'C (3). The present report describes morphological studies on the effect of several 5-HT releasers, including LPS, on the rabbit platelets in vitro.


Abstract : This article addresses the problem of predicting multi(more than two) category events. It describes a new approach (based on generalized linear models) which is natural extension of the technique of logistic regression (a method widely used for the prediction of dichotomous events). As an example, the method is applied to the prediction of tropical storm imminence, and the performance of the method is compared with that of alternative well-established techniques. Keywords: Meteorology; Weather forecasting.


Social problems, especially poverty, are still issues that need to be addressed seriously. Zakat is one of the solutions that is called for by Islam to eradicate poverty and economic inequality that occurs in the midst of diverse social backgrounds. One of the models of zakat distribution that is effective in solving social problems, especially poverty alleviation, is through productive zakat. Productive zakat is zakat in the form of assets or zakat funds given to mustahiq that are not spent directly on the consumption of certain needs, but are developed and used to help their businesses so that with these efforts they can fulfill their daily needs continuously. Therefore, for this purpose to be realized, productive zakat must be managed and implemented effectively and efficiently. In many countries in the world, in recent years, entrepreneurship / social business is developing, this will be very interesting to find its relationship with the management of productive zakat. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of the concept of productive zakat management in Indonesia as an alternative model of entrepreneurship / social business. The management of productive zakat with an entrepreneurial / social business perspective is expected to be able to solve poverty problems independently and sustainably, as well as to be able to provide improved living conditions for disadvantaged people in Indonesia.


The goal of this study is to determine, which of two development approaches, i.e., the "bottom-up approach" or the "top-down" approach (or social development and social engineering, respectively) have been successful in determining the felt needs of the community of Zwelihle. For this purpose a needs assessment was executed in Zwelihle community, close to Hermanus, in September 2001. The assessment procedure was done according to the Priority index and Community profile method (P+C-index), applying the Schutte scale during semi-structured focus group interviews. "Qualiquantitative" data (quantifies a qualitative response) was gathered from five different neighbourhoods in Zwelihle, each with different priority needs. Previously to this study, another community development project, the "housing project", was conducted in 1998 in the community of Zwelihle and more specifically in Thambo Square, presently named Airfield, fulfilling a housing need. The present study only considered the first three phases of the development process (needs assessment, problem identification and planning) to be relevant, of which all these phases have been executed and completed by the "housing project". However, no further follow-up phases of the community development process have been executed since the completion of the P+C index needs assessment. Each of these two involvements in the Zwelihle community had a different approach to development. The former, the P+C index needs assessment, had a social development 11 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Simulated synthetic appertnre radar (SAR) data films frtce from error of the SAR operation, but there still are aberrations introduced by the both film thickness variations and Simulated apparatus. In this paper we present a method that wavefront aberrations of simulated SAR data film can be measured by Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The method can be used separately for measuring the wavefront aberrations introduced by two different reasons. The wavefront aberration introduced by the film thickness variations is measured as compared the wavefront through the film with the reference plane wavefront. And as compared separately the diffraction wavefront from the film with two reference spherical wavefronts of different radii we obtained separately the azimuth wavefront aberration and the range wavefront aberration introduced by the simulated apparatus. In this paper some experimental results and analyses are presented. The method is also suitable for measuring wavefront aberrations of true SAR data film.
The wavefront aberration introduced by the film thickness variations may be removed by a liquid gate. A tolerance of the wavefront aberrrtion introduced by the film thickness variations is deduced from the Rayleish criterion. From the tolerance we can judge whether or not the liquid gate is necessary.


Elicitors could be used as the enhancer of plant secondary-metabolite synthesis and could play an important role in biosynthetic pathways of important medicinal compounds. The present study investigated the effect of abiotic elicitor (fungal extract of Fusarium graminearum) and two abiotic elicitors (methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) at different concentrations in 18- and 30-day-old cultures of hairy roots infected with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A13 and 9534. The hairy roots were harvested 48 and 96 h after inoculation. Polymerase chain reaction analysis (PCR) with specific primers rolB and virD genes was performed to confirm the transgenic hairy roots production. Detection and identification of lignan was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results of PCR analysis showed diagnostic bands 780 bp in size related to specific reproduction of rolB gene. Also maximum lignan production for each elicitor was as follow: fungal extract at 1% v/v (12.87 ± 0.66 and 89.65 ± 3.9 mg/gr DW ± SD podophyllotoxin and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin, respectively for), methyl jasmonat at 100 µm (11.37± 0.65 and 75.65 ± 3.9 mg/gr DW± SD for podophyllotoxin and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin, respectively), and salicylic acid at 200 µm (7.97 ± 0.33 and 51.68 ±2.1 mg/gr DW ± SD for podophyllotoxin and 6methoxypodophyllotoxin, respectively). Important factors such as strain of agrobacterium (A13), duration of exposure time (48 h), and age of culture (18-day-old culture) affected lignan accumulation.


The process of economic globalization which involves all world economies enables big companies to take advantage of legal gaps to develop aggressive tax strategies placing capital in tax heavens (Paradises) with the only purpose to reduce their tax liabilities. In such cases tax evasion is used directly, but, on the other hand, legal instruments such as tax avoidance are also used, which, according to Spanish tax law, take the legal form due to the conflict in the application of tax rule. At the international level, Spanish tax regulation based on EU Directives, regulate what forms of business restructuring operations are valid, and which create conflict with the application of the rule and are therefore assumed to be performed with the sole objective to minimize taxes.


The Chapel of All Saints, Burghclere, is decorated with a narrative series of war paintings (eight panels each with a matching predella, two panoramas and an end-wall Resurrection scene), and was completed by the British artist Stanley Spencer between 1926 and 1932. This article analyses the Chapel within two intersecting frames of reference — as part of a tradition for war memoirs by veterans and as an example of war memorial iconography in Britain in the inter-war years. Whereas the meaning of the Chapel is usually read as one which resolves the Great War into a matter of resurrection and redemption, I argue that the series is a paradoxical and indeterminate narrative intended for diverse audiences.


Layer hens were immunized with Bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV),the egg yolk was successfully treated with water dilution method.The IgY titer,was 10days after every immunization,was detected by indirect ELISA.The results showed that we can detect anti-BVDV IgY in the first 11days.After being immunized with 5 doses of the conjugate,the titer was 1:6400 and kept the conditions after 6 months.


Three-dimensional reconstructions of the subsurface are an important field in Earth Sciences due to their considerable socio-economic implications as exploration of petroleum resources. 3D reconstruction aims at providing a plausible image of the underground which entail the integration of discrete and heterogeneous datasets. They are based on geometric/mechanic laws and are designed to tackle areas with scarce and heterogeneous data.
Restoration algorithms are an important tool to validate these 3D geological reconstructions of the subsurface. Restoration is the way back from the deformed to the undeformed states. Undo the deformation and achieve an initial surface with geological meaning is useful to validate the reconstruction of the folded structure and the deformation processes assumed. The main postulate in most restoration methods is the horizontality of the initial layers while restoration algorithms are based in several deformation processes as flexural slip or simple shear. We deepen in restoration techniques in next chapter but we want to emphasize the importance of a continuous feedback between reconstruction and restoration. This become especially important when complex deformation processes are implied and limited data is available. In addition, restoration tools may also be useful to predict deformation patterns for well characterized structures.
However, existing restoration methods do not always succeed for complex structures like non-cylindrical, non-coaxial and/or areas undergoing vertical-axis rotations (out-of-plane motions). We suggest using paleomagnetic information, known in the undeformed (horizontal) and deformed states, as an additional and powerful constraint to improve restoration methods and to reduce the uncertainty of the results. The use of paleomagnetism in restoration tools was recommended in the early 1990?s. So far, however, relatively few researchers have tried using paleomagnetic information to double-check the rotation inferred from restoration methods and hardly ever paleomagnetism is used as primary information of these tools.
In this PhD we want to show how paleomagnetism can reduce the uncertainty in restoration tools when it is used as a constraint, particularly for structures with out-of-plane motions. The bedding plane is the basic 2D reference to relate the undeformed and deformed states, but never could be a real 3D indicator. Our proposal is the usage of paleomagnetism together with the bedding plane as references known in both states. The bedding plane determines the horizontal rotation and paleomagnetism the vertical axis rotation.
Paleomagnetic vectors are the record of the ancient magnetic field at the time of the rock formation and we assume that it behaves as a passive marker during the deformation process. Its original orientation can be known in the undeformed surface, and it is represented by the paleomagnetic reference vector. If we see the deformation mechanisms, paleomagnetism allow reducing the number of variables, since it is a passive marker that records the internal deformation and provides us with information of vertical axis rotation. Because accurate paleomagnetic data is necessary to improve results we also work on a good data acquisition.
Paleomagnetism may be incorporated in many restoration tools, particularly; we centre our study in geometrical surface unfolding algorithms valid for globally developable surfaces. Developable surfaces are those with Gaussian curvature equal to zero everywhere. These surfaces in geology are stratigraphic horizons folded under flexural conditions that have minimum internal deformation. That implies surfaces isometrically folded with preservation of lengths and angles and consequently with preservation of area. By globally we mean that these constraints are valid almost everywhere but there are areas where internal deformation is possible. We can find this kind of structures in the fold and thrust belts of competent layers at crustal levels.
In order to test the restoration methods we develop analog models of complex structures. Laboratory-scale models are based on non-coaxial structures of External Sierras (Pyrenees). These analogs are digitalized with photogrametry and X-Ray CT scanner. In this way, models are completely characterized before and after deformation. This allows the calculus of real deformation of the folded surface and the comparison of the restored surface with the initial one.


This paper investigates the possibility of using the method of flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography for the quantitative determination of the composition of free-radically prepared cis- or trans-1,3-pentadiene–acrylonitrile copolymers and for evaluation of their comonomer sequence distributions in terms of the run numbers. The experiments (sample weight: 50 μg, pyrolysis time: 4 s) were carried out, under a flow of helium, at a thermolysis temperature ranging from 450 to 900°C with a Curie-point pyrolyzer. After discussion of the respective thermal behaviors of the poly(1,3-pentadiene), polyacrylonitrile, mixtures of these homopolymers, and various kinds of copolymers (radically or fully alternating samples), the pyrolysis–gas chromatographic characterization of the primary structure of copolymers was studied, between 500 and 800°C, through the quantitative treatment of the corresponding liberated monomers which appeared on the pyrograms. By applying the both-side boundary effect theory on the molar amounts of these degradation products, which depend both upon copolymer composition and triad sequence distributions in the chain, the relative values of the monomer formation probability constants were calculated. The composition and the run number of each pyrolyzed sample were then determined using these parameters. The analytical data obtained by means of the procedure suggested are in very good agreement with those predicted, from reactivity ratios, by the usual theory of copolymerization (terminal-unit model) and with the evaluations provided by the 13C-NMR spectroscopy.


Despite an increased scholarly interest in Salvadoran politics, economy, and society since the resolution of the Salvadoran Civil War in 1992, very little is known about the historical production of race and ethnicity, as well as these categories' relation to the state and the exercise of power in the country. Drawing from archival sources and ethnographic data, this project addresses the question of contemporary identity politics in El Salvador by examining its indigenous communities' present struggle for collective rights and formal state recognition within an increasingly transnational Salvadoran society and neoliberal economy. Thus, this project situates the current identity politics debate in El Salvador within the Salvadoran state's neoliberal economic reforms following the war period, moving from the regional to the national level of analysis. This study posits that while increased regional and international economic integration made it expedient for the Salvadoran State to mythologize its Mesoamerican past and commodify 'Indianness', the State continues to deny collective rights to indigenous communities or to adopt a liberal multicultural model, since the ultra-right ARENA party, which held power since 1988 until March of 2009, remained committed to furthering the economic and political ends of El Salvador's hegemonic oligarchic class.


The influence of different treatments on the aluminum system covered with aluminum oxide is investigated. The aluminum anodization in sulphuric media and in mixed sulphuric and phosphoric media was used to alter the corrosion resistance, thickness, coverage degree and microhardness of the anodic oxide. Iron electrodeposition inside the anodic oxide was used to change its electric conductivity and corrosion resistance. Direct and pulsed current were used for iron electrodeposition and the Fe(SO4)2(NH4)2.6H2O electrolyte composition was changed with the addition of boric and ascorbic acids. To the sealing treatment the CeCl3 composition was varied. The energy dispersive x-ray (EDS), the x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (FRX) and the morphologic analysis by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) allowed to verify that, the pulsed current increase the iron content inside the anodic layer and that the use of the additives inhibits the iron oxidation. The chronopotentiometric curves obtained during iron electrodeposition indicated that the boric and ascorbic acids mixture increased the electrodeposition process efficiency. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIE), the Vickers (Hν) microhardness measurements and morphologic analysis evidenced that the sealing treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the anodic film modified with iron. The electrical impedance (EI) technique allowed to prove the electric conductivity increase of the anodized aluminum with iron electrodeposited even after the cerium low concentration treatment. Iron nanowires were prepared by using the anodic oxide pores as template.


Summary

Colour stability in dehydrated fruit is often attained by use of sulphite treatment to inhibit browning during processing and storage. However, colour stability may be able to be conferred on products by ensuring that the molecular mobility is restricted in dried fruit by drying to sufficiently low moisture to raise the glass transition temperature (under mild conditions). Pear slices were dehydrated at a low temperature (40 °C) to a low final moisture content (below 5%) after it was shown that, for a moisture content of 22% (which is the moisture content of commercial dehydrated pears) pretreatment with sulphite would be necessary to stabilise the colour. The use of longer drying regimes resulted in a moisture content where the food matrix would be closer to the glassy state and conferred colour stability on the dehydrated product compared to a product containing more moisture. For these low-moisture products, pretreatment with sulphite would not be necessary to preserve colour stability.


Banana fiber is one of the easiest available materials in the global scenario. Banana fiber contains high cellulose content. It is better reinforcement material for the preparation of composites. The Alkali treatment method is used as a surface treatment to remove hemicellulose and lignin content. Characterization of fiber is done with the help of different characterization techniques and compares the results of untreated fibers with treated ones. SEM analysis is used for morphological behavior. XRD technique is used to check the crystalline behavior of untreated and as well as treated fiber. TGA analysis is done for thermal degradation of fiber w.r.t temperature. FTIR is used for functional group analysis as the removal of peaks indicates the removal of hemicellulose and lignin content.


The utility model relates to a telescopic type article placing frame, which comprises frames and article placing plates. The telescopic type article placing frame is characterized in that the left side and the right side of the telescopic type article placing frame are respectively provided with the upright frames which are respectively in a shape like the Chinese character 'kou'. A plurality of pivoting holes which are at intervals are arranged at the circumferential edges of the upright frames to be used for being pivoted with each supporting rod. The supporting rod is a telescopic casing pipe. Spiral connecting elements on both ends of the supporting rod are respectively and correspondingly penetrated into the pivoting holes of the frames on the left side and the right side, and are positioned by fixedly locking elements. A plurality of article placing plates are embedded and buckled on the supporting rods, and are slid from left to between a front supporting rod and a rear supporting rod. The telescopic type article placing frame is free from the influence of conditions, and the using convenience of the telescopic type article placing frame is increased.


A concept for the development of thin film micro-acoustic resonators is demonstrated. The basic principles for the design and fabrication of zero-group-velocity Lamb acoustic wave resonators on c-textured thin aluminum nitride films are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the zero-group-velocity waves can be employed in high frequency resonators with small form factors.


Abstract Complex folding in Ordovician shales and quartzites adjacent to a large granite intrusion is clearly visible on high dtitude vertical air photographs of the Gouland Downs in North-West Nelson. An almost complete absence of sympathetic mesoscopic folding and the partial obliteration of fabric elements associated with the deformation by post-tectonic contact metamorphism hinders the interpretation of the structure. Most of the folds, however, appear to be isoclinal with axes that plunge steeply to the east or north-east, almost at right angles to the trend of the folds. The emplacement of granite caused further folding in one area, apparently coaxial with the earlier deformation. Almost all the recognisable fold noses close to the south and are synforms, and it appears likely that they are small nappe-type folds separated by thrust planes. The Slate Range Fault, a large late Tertiary feature probably related to the Wakamarama Fault, crosses the area and a sinistral component of 2,800 ft is estimated.


The key ingredient is the so-called Switching Lemma. To state it we need a notion of p-restrictions. Say we have a function f : {0, 1}n → {0, 1}. Then we say that a function f ′ is a p-restriction of f , if it is obtained from f via the following process. Each variable is set to zero with probability (1− p)/2, and is set to one with the same probability (so, with probability p a variable is not set).


Objective:To investigate clinical effect of posterior cervical single door joint titanium plate fixation in treatment for cervical myelopathy.Methods:The clinical records of 46 patients with cervical myelopathy in our hospital from May 2009 to June 2012 were reviewed.Results:After treatment,the excellent rate of treatment group(82.61%) were significantly higher than that of the control group(52.17%)(P 0.05).The JOA score of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and ROM,cervical flexion,extension angles of the treatment group were lower than that of the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:Clinical efficacy of posterior cervical single door joint titanium plate fixation in treatment for cervical myelopathy is remarkable and worthy of clinical application.


This paper introduces the main aspects of Quantum Biophysical Semeiotics (QBS), an advanced medical discipline which studies and interprets the signals of the body in order to detect and diagnose human diseases. QBS develops according to a multidisciplinary approach that involves chemistry and biology, genetics and neuroscience, chaos theory and quantum physics. It is based on the method of auscultatory percussion, through which by means of the common stethoscope, it is possible to listen to the messages that the body gives us when appropriately stimulated. These stimuli are used to induce a consistent behavior typical of dissipative systems far from equilibrium as defined by Prigogine and comparable to the behavior of plasmas studied by Bohm - in precise and well defined biological body's systems, thus giving local qualitative information on the state of health or disease, whether potential, that is not yet evident by usual clinical trial, effective or even in chronic phase. The 'Quantum Biophysical Semeiotics' provides a very detailed case study based on the duration, intensity and latency time of the reflexes, which are the central elements of all the diagnostics, on the basis of which it is possible to say that the presence of deterministic chaos, as measured by the fractal dimension, is an indicator of physiological state of the investigated biological system. This is always accompanied by the quantum aspect of non-local reality, simultaneous and synchronic, parallel to the local one (where there is waste of energy in space-time). According to QBS, mit-DNA is mainly responsible for cell respiration in biological systems, and the genetic alteration of mit-DNA affects mitochondrial activity. The chance to investigate, indirectly and through bed-side evaluation, mitochondria functionality opens new ways for understanding and facing the initial stages of the pre-clinic process of many pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes and heart diseases, giving original impulses to diagnosis and prevention. QBS clinical and experimental evidences are here analyzed and related to the Principle of Recursive Genome Function introduced by Pellionisz, in order to understand if the genetic alteration of mitDNA could be reversed, due to the recursive energy, information and communication feedback between DNA, RNA and downstream structures such as tissues, cells, mithocondria and proteins.


Handwriting is an acquired trait of an individual which is primarily culture and environment dependent. The present study attempts to assess the relative influence of schooling environment and culture upon handwriting features. The paper sets forth the computational and conventional analysis of handwriting samples obtained from two cultural/ethnic groups in India living in the same and different geographical regions. Striking significant differences were observed in key handwriting features between writers of the same cultures who were living in different regions and attended different school settings. Contrary to this, handwriting features were insignificant between writers of different cultures living in the same region at the same school.


BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation provided better patient survival and quality of life than dialysis therapy. However, due to organ shortage, only few patients with end-stage renal disease had the opportunity to receive transplantation. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the outcomes of renal transplantation to elucidate the benefits and potential risks of renal transplantation. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-eight (248) renal transplant recipients at Taichung Veterans General Hospital from January 2004 and December 2008 were retrospectively studied. The clinical outcomes include biopsy-proven acute rejection, graft survival, patient survival, post-transplant diabetes mellitus and malignancy. The types of post-transplant malignancy and acute rejection were further analyzed. RESULTS: The one-year acute rejection-free rate, five-years graft survival and patient survival were 88.3%, 92.7% and 96.4%, respectively. The incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus and malignancy were 12.9% and 5.6%, respectively. Tumor of the genitourinary tract is the most common type of malignancy. Acute cellular rejection is the most common pathological diagnosis in patients with biopsy-proven acute rejection. The mean follow-up duration after renal transplant was 41.1 18.1 months (range, 0.5-75 months). CONCLUSION: The outcome of renal transplantation in Taiwan is comparable with that in developed countries. Routine malignancy surveillance and medical control for post-transplant diabetes mellitus is crucial to further improvement in care quality of renal transplant recipients. (Acta Nephrologica 2011; 25: 167-174)


It is so blithe of us to assume the perception of chronic pain, that is so shaded by experience, amplified by problems of the day or chronic depression or lack of sleep, modified through reduction of activity, and waxes or wanes nearly minute by minute can possibly be reduced to a single scalar digit. "Pick a number between one and ten" or "draw your pain levels on a scale" are commonly misused by the medical and nursing professions in an errant attempt to ascribe an incisive measurable value to something that is not measurable in one dimension. Pain is perception. It is a symptom based solely on the impressions of patients. It is definitely not a sign, as medical signs are defined as any objective evidence or disordered function of the body, that is apart from …


A gestures detection system and methods based on MEMS inertial sensor are put forward.The system consisited of a accelerator and a gyro.Through data calculation,static posture,dynamic acceleration,static Euler angles and dynamic Euler angles can be obtained.it described the parameter calibration and signal conditioning of the gyro and accelerometer,depicting the hardware and circuit of the posture detection module.Through the test of the module installed on the robot,it shows the key parameter of posture of the quadruped robot can be detected effectively and the modules provide the equipments guarantee for the posture stability.


Abstract In order to obtain regularized approximations for the solution q of the parameter identification problem - ∇ . ( q  ∇  u ) = f {-\nabla.(q\nabla u)=f} in Ω along with the Neumann boundary condition q  ∂  u ∂  ν = g {q\frac{\partial u}{\partial\nu}=g} on ∂  Ω {\partial\Omega} , which is an ill-posed problem, we consider its weak formulation as a linear operator equation with operator as a function of the data u ∈ W 1 , ∞  ( Ω ) {u\in W^{1,\infty}(\Omega)} , and then apply the Tikhonov regularization and a finite-dimensional approximation procedure when the data is noisy. Here, Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ d {{\mathbb{R}}^{d}} with Lipschitz boundary, f ∈ L 2  ( Ω ) {f\in L^{2}(\Omega)} and g ∈ H - 1 / 2  ( ∂  Ω ) {g\in H^{-1/2}(\partial\Omega)} . This approach is akin to the equation error method of Al-Jamal and Gockenback (2012) wherein error estimates are obtained in terms of a quotient norm, whereas our procedure facilitates to obtain error estimates in terms of the regularization parameters and data errors with respect to the norms of the spaces under consideration. In order to obtain error estimates when the noisy data belongs to L 2  ( Ω ) {L^{2}(\Omega)} instead of W 1 , ∞  ( Ω ) {W^{1,\infty}(\Omega)} , we shall make use of a smoothing procedure using the Clement operator under additional assumptions of Ω and u.


I explore an alternate clarification of the idea of frequency probability, called frequency judgment. I then distinguish three distinct senses of probability — physical chance, frequency judgment, and subjective credence — and propose that they have a hierarchical relationship. Finally, I claim that this three-tiered view can dissolve various paradoxes associated with the interpretation of probability.


ABSTRACT An insider's penetrating insights into what's going on in Central Asia together with analyses of the Republic of Kazakhstan's bilateral and multilateral relationships with the countries in the region as well as with the United States.


We read with great interest the article by Wirtz et al,1 which presents an overview on access to cardiovascular medications in low- and middle-income countries. It is noteworthy that, among the 5 health system dimensions of access described, the first 4 have been well researched through large multination studies. Low availabilit y of cardiovascular disease medicines has been well reported; a fairly recent meta-analysis of surveys from 36 countries assessed access to different classes of cardiovascular medicines.1 Several peer-reviewed publications have also reported on the affordability of cardiovascular …


Making this application is intended to help introduce the words that are used daily in German and Korean to the user. The advantage of this application is to facilitate the translation of the user in nding the desired word. This application was not complicated, and more eciently in the search time. Vocabulary can also be added at any time. The application is built using Microsoft Visual Basic.NET 2008 and SQL Server 200


Part 1 Fundamental concepts: encapsulation polymorphism genericity. Part 2 Representation: semantic nets frames connectionist nets. Part 3 Some language fundamentals: scope and life of variables enumerations looping. Part 4 Class: enscapulation class as a type pointers to members. Part 5 Inheritance: string example construction and destruction. Part 6 Operator overloading: unary example binary example. Part 7 Genericity: an example of class template an example of a function template. Part 8 Streams: basic input-output formatting. Part 9 Container classes: a simple container iterating through a container. Part 10 Analysis and design: Object Modelling Technique - OMT other methods. Part 11 Data compression application: Huffman coding design for implementation. Part 12 Neural network application: the feedforward backpropagation network enhancing the design. Part 13 Reuse: various ways to achieve reuse the abuse of inheritance.


By using the methods of video analyzing, document data, comparison and statistics analysis, on the basis of research on the codes of the recent years, this paper studies the handing rule and tendency of the hoop in rhythmic gymnastics. It shows the number and types of the apparatus handling are recreating, and present different rules while combining with various difficulty movements.


SHERRILL GRACE AND JERRY WASSERMAN, eds. Theatre and AutoBiography: Writing and Performing Lives in Theory and Practice. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2006; 352 pp. Theatre and AutoBiography is itself a work of autobiography. In the creation of this collection, editors Sherrill Grace and Jerry Wasserman have selected and reshaped the events of the past into a new narrative, which bears both the inescapable marks of this construction and the pervasive traces of the original experience. The genesis of this collection was an exploratory workshop in Vancouver at the University of British Columbia in February of 2004, bringing together an invited group of academics, theatre practitioners of all stripes, and drama publishers for "three intense days of debate, meals, wine, coffee, and theatre discussion, and to witness the kind of ephemeral, magic moments that can only happen with theatre" (11). The book then is a "collection of post-memories [that tries] to trace and recreate that event for our readers" (11). So, not only do the essays, interviews, and photographs assembled here arise from that original meeting as proceedings, but they also productively talk back to it, frequently describing particular moments and actively exploring the ways that those encounters then shaped the understanding of the writers. Taken together, the shared intent of the workshop and subsequent published collection is to describe and debate key issues arising out of the overlap of drama and biography/autobiography both in performance and in print. The diverse voices assembled here explore the frontiers of a large territory delineated by these paired fields, encompassing a range of auto/biographical subjects including historical figures, fictional characters, and most fruitfully, producing autobiography in a self-reflexive mode, the contributing auto/biographers themselves. Grace and Wasserman's collection is an important addition to the literature in this burgeoning field, carving out fresh territory in at least two ways. First, although this is not featured in the title, nor highlighted in the introduction, the collection has a distinctly Canadian focus, featuring Canadian scholars and practitioners and mostly (but not exclusively) dealing with Canadian subject matter. The only other comparable Canadian entry into this field is Julie Rak's edited collection Auto/Biography in Canada (2005), which incidentally omits discussion of dramatic literature or theatre. As evidenced by the title, Rak explicitly positions the book as Canadian and self-consciously asks, "why do a national collection?" (11). While Theatre and AutoBiography eschews overt identification as a national collection, it implicitly offers the same answers that Rak does. One, there is now a large body of dramatic work to write about, work that is rich in quantity but also in quality as many major playwrights have produced work with an auto/biographical orientation. And two, the key principle, regarding the performative nature of identity is central to drama as to other literary forms. "This is where discourses of auto/biography that are closely connected to the promise of authenticity are, in fact, connected to the idea of nation as a fiction about origins" (Rak 11). By bringing together both scholarly and performed work pertaining to these selfgenerating narratives, the book documents the mosaic of stories that constitute Canadian iden-tity-in-themaking. As Grace notes in her introduction, the last three decades have witnessed the rise of autobiography and biography. These genres have a long history, but it is only recently that they have become so ubiquitous. One reason for this is that "we live in a culture of me or I at a time when access to this cultural production is easy" (13). Digital technology linked to the internet facilitates as never before both creation and publication of autobiographical works. The title of the popular video sharing site really says it all about the autobiographical attitude of this application: YouTube. …


The last decade has witnessed the spread across the country of allegations of satanic ritual abuse of children. The allegations are so horrific that a moral crusade comprised largely of psychotherapists, survivors, religious fundamentalists, and law enforcement professionals has risen up in response to them. This paper dissects the claim of the moral crusade that satanic ritual abuse of children is an exigent social problem, analyzes the empirical content of the behavioral science that has grown around this claim, and reveals the symbolic content of the claim. The article concludes with a discussion of the impact this moral crusade is having on the law. Language: en


We investigated the molecular mechanisms of serotonin's (5‐HT) ability to potentiate endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) stimulated cellular proliferation and contraction. Previous data suggests that 5‐HT/ET‐1 potentiation mechanism involves activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) pathway. No data exists looking at the involvement of the Janus Kinase (JAK) pathway in this mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that both the JAK and p42/44 MAPK pathways were involved in the potentiation. Using rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RAVSMC) we pre‐incubated with 5‐HT and then added ET‐1 for 10 min. Our Western blot data demonstrates that 5‐HT and ET‐1 at a concentration of 10 nM can elicit this potentiation in RAVSMC. There were significant increases in the levels of phosphorylation for both the JAK2 and p42/44 MAPK when combined and no effect when incubated separately. Additionally, in isolated vessel studies (thoracic rat aorta and superior mesenteric arteries) in a myograph we measured the isometric tension generation. We found that 1 nM 5‐HT pre‐incubation leftward shifted the EC50 value of the ET‐1 concentration response curve and significantly increased the maximal response. These changes were inhibited by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 and the p42/44 MAPK kinase inhibitor UO126. These data suggest that both the JAK2 and p42/22 MAPK pathways are involved in these potentiation mechanisms. (ABB NHLBI R00).


The morphological transition from the simple epidermis that contacts the amniotic fluid of embryonic crocodilians to the adult epidermis required in a terrestrial environment has never been described. We used light and electron microscopy to study the development, differentiation and keratinisation of the epidermis of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, between early and late stages of embryonic skin formation. In early embryonic development, the epidermis consists of a flat bilayer. As it develops, the bilayered epidermis comes to lie beneath the peridermis. Glycogen is almost absent from the bilayered epidermis but increases in basal and suprabasal cells when scales form. Glycogen disappears from suprabasal cells that accumulate keratin. The peridermis and 1 or 2 subperidermal layers form an embryonic epidermis that is partially or totally lost before hatching. These cells accumulate coarse filaments and form reticulate bodies. Mucous and lamellate granules are produced in the Golgi apparatus and are partly secreted extracellularly. The embryonic cells darken with the formation of larger reticulate bodies that aggregate with intermediate filaments and other cell organelles, as their nuclear chromatin condenses. Thin β‐cells resembling those of scutate scales of birds develop beneath the embryonic epidermis and form a stratified β‐layer that varies in thickness in different body regions. The epidermis differentiates first in the back, tail and belly. At the beginning of β‐cell differentiation, the cytoplasm contains sparse bundles of α‐keratin filaments, glycogen and lipid droplets or vacuoles apparently derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These organelles disappear rapidly as irregular bundles of electron‐dense β‐keratin filaments accumulate and form larger bundles. The larger bundles consist of 3 nm thick electron‐pale keratin microfibrils and are derived from the assemblage of β‐keratin molecules produced by ribosomes. While in mammals the epidermal barrier is formed by α‐keratinocytes, in the alligator the barrier is formed by β‐keratin cells. The β‐layer is reduced or absent from the small hinge region between scales. In the latter areas the barrier is made of a or a mixture of α/β keratinocytes. Thus alligators resemble birds where the β‐keratin molecules are deposited directly over an α‐keratin scaffold, rather than an initial production of β‐keratin packets which then merge with α‐keratin, as occurs in the Chelonia and Lepidosauria. The pigmentation of the epidermis of embryos is mostly derived from epidermal melanocytes.


Gait impairments such as freezing of gait (FOG) and postural instability are frequently described in corticobasal syndrome (CBS) patients. CBS parkinsonism is typically levodopa resistant, and there are currently no effective treatments or any disease-modifying therapies. Thus, there is a significant unmet need for an effective gait therapy. Tonic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has shown significant promise for improving gait impairments and reducing FOG episodes in advanced Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa-resistant gait difficulties. As these axial gait features are also observed in CBS, the effect of SCS was investigated over 12 months in a convenience sampling of two CBS participants (~3 years with disease) who had significant gait impairment while OFFand ON-levodopa medication. This monocentric, investigational, pilot study was approved by the Western University Research Ethics Board (REB#107451) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03079310). Participants recruited from the London Movement Disorders Centre provided signed informed consent. Due to the limited availability of SCS devices allocated for off-label use in our center, we explored the use of SCS in two participants with clinically certain CBS that met international criteria, resistant gait disorder, and significant FOG. Neither participants had a history of stroke, spinal disorders nor any other neurological diseases, significant cognitive impairment, chronic back and/or lower limb pain and were not on unstable pharmacological treatment. Although physiotherapy (PT) regimes were not part of the study protocol, PT was not effective for gait in either participants. However, prior to study recruitment, Case I continued in-home PT for home safety and range of motion exercises. Endpoints were assessed before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months of SCS use while OFF (≥12 h) and ON (150% of usual morning dose) levodopa. Primary endpoint was the change in spatiotemporal parameters (STPs) during self-paced walking on the ProtoKinetics Walkway. Sensors embedded in the walkway detect footfalls in real time which are captured by the Protokinetics Movement Analysis Software (PKMAS) program. PKMASprovides accurate and validated measurements of various gait parameters. Gait asymmetry and variability (CV%) values were calculated by averaging step length and stride velocity measures. FOG episodes were analyzed using foot pressure changes as previously described. Secondary endpoints were MDS-UPDRS part III, comprehensive apraxia upper limb assessment, freezing of gait questionnaire (FOG-Q), and activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC). Two electrodes with eight contacts/lead (Boston Scientific® Precision Novi) were implanted in the medial, epidural space of T8-T10 spinal segments. Electrode localization was confirmed by paresthesias fully covering the lower trunk, both lower extremities and feet. Starting one-week post-surgery, participants (ON-levodopa) were blinded to the testing of six SCS program combinations (pulse widths: 300 and 400 μs; frequencies: 30, 60, and 130 Hz) over two study visits; SCS device was switched on for 1-hour per setting. During gait assessments, SCS was programmed to a medium suprathreshold intensity (~3–5% higher intensity than paresthesia threshold adjusted while participant was seated). Following SCS programming, participants used the device daily (~10–14 h/day) set to a comfortable suprathreshold intensity. Mean and percent change of clinical symptoms, STPs, and FOG episodes were evaluated from pre-surgery to 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of SCS use for each participant. Both participants could not stand independently and required assistance for all daily activities. Case I, a 71-year-old woman presented with a predominant right foot drag and shuffling left foot. At baseline, Case I was able to walk half (10-feet) of the carpet and during post-SCS assessments completed two trials across the 20-foot carpet. Case II was a 62-year-old gentleman with complete gait failure and could not initiate stepping motion while standing and thus no gait measures could be collected. Study demographics are displayed in Table 1. Case I's gait improved on all six settings, with best outcomes on 300 μs/60 Hz (Supplementary Video 1). Mean step length, stride velocity, swing, and single support gait phases improved by a mean 100.3%, and the number of FOG episodes was reduced by 50%. After 3 and 6 months of SCS use while ON-levodopa, further improvements were observed with a mean 135.7% increase in gait measures and a 91.6% FOG reduction (Table 2). At 12 months, spatiotemporal gait measures were maintained; however, FOG duration and gait variability worsened by 236.5% and 38.3%, respectively. Confidence (ABC scale) improved by 78.6% at 3 months (Table 1). FOG-Q and apraxia improved by 62.5% and 27.7%, respectively, and total UPDRS-III score worsened by 10.3% (ON-levodopa) at 12 months. Clinical effects of SCS were also noted by Case I's family and caregivers who mentioned the significant improvement in mobility while using a walker around the house, where ultimately Case I was able to travel to Florida during the winter months. No change in clinical symptoms or mobility post-SCS was seen in Case II (Table 1). No adverse effects were reported during the conduct of the study. This is the first study to date to report pilot evidence of the effect of SCS to improve pace and rhythm of gait and to reduce FOG, as demonstrated in one of the two CBS participants. SCS effectiveness may depend on the phenotypic features of the patient as Case II with gait failure showed no response to SCS. PT alone rarely improves mobility in CBS; however, PT sessions combined with SCS therapy may be useful. Continued improvement in FOG duration and gait variability in Case I when OFF-levodopa at 12 months. However, these measures worsened when Case I was ON-levodopa. This suggests levodopa induced a worsening effect on FOGs and this coincided with little to no motor response after the OFF-/ON-levodopa challenge. Recognizing the short disease course of CBS, disease progression is expected, and new symptoms such as bilateral inward foot posturing, dystonia affecting both lower THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES


Choledochal cysts are anatomical variations of the intra or extrahepatic biliary tree. Reported frequency rates range from 1 case per 100.000 to 1 case per 2 million with a female-to-male ratio in the range of 4:1. We report a case of a 22-year-old male, with right upper quadrant pain, carrying a gastroduodenoscopy compatible with antral gastropathy and duodenal procidence by external compression. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed a choledocal cyst with microlithiasis inside, compressing the second portion of the duodenum. The patient performed an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and a cholangio-MR (MRCP), that confirmed the diagnosis. Surgery included cholecystectomy and complete excision of the cyst with sphincteroplasty. No intra or postoperative complications were observed. Keywords: Choledochal Cyst; Cyst excision; Bile ducts.


The invention discloses a combination type treatment method for pharmaceutical waste water, which belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The method comprises the following steps of: first, improving the biodegradability of high concentration of waste water by adopting an efficient pretreatment technology, and finally removing a main pollutant COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the waste water until reaching the standards. The invention has the advantages of stable running, flexible operation, convenience for maintenance, and strong impact resistance capability and strain capability for the variation of water inlet quantity and water quality.


BACKGROUND
In holometabolous insects, the major developmental transitions, larval molting and pupation, are triggered by a pulse of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and coordinated by juvenile hormone. Methoxyfenozide (MF), an ecdysteroid agonist, represents a new class of insect growth regulators and is effective against lepidopteran pests. Fushi-tarazu factor 1 (FTZ-F1) is an ecdysone-inducible transcription factor. To date, the effect of MF on 20E-response genes remains unclear, and we speculate the involvement of FTZ-F1 in MF's growth regulating effect.

RESULTS
MF at LC25 and LC10 caused severe ecdysis failure in Helicoverpa armigera, extended their larval duration, lowered their pupal weight, and reduced the respiratory rate, pupation rate, and emergence rate. Furthermore, sublethal dose of MF inhibited ecdysteroidogenesis and lowered intrinsic 20E titer, but showed an inductive effect on 20E-response genes including HaFTZ-F1. HaFTZ-F1, predominately expressed in larval epidermis, was markedly up-regulated before or right after larval ecdysis, and maintained high level in prepupal stage. Knockdown of HaFTZ-F1 in 4th-instar larvae severely impaired larval ecdysis, while its knockdown in final-instar larvae caused abnormal pupation. Moreover, knocking down HaFTZ-F1 down-regulated three critical ecdysteroidogenesis genes, lowered 20E titer, and suppressed the expression of 20E receptors and 20E-response genes. The introduction of 20E into HaFTZ-F1-RNAi larvae partly relieved the negative effects on 20E-induced signaling cascade.

CONCLUSION
Our findings reveal the adverse effects of sublethal doses of MF on the development of H. armigera, elucidate the resulting perturbations on 20E-induced signaling cascade, and propose that HaFTZ-F1 regulates ecdysis and pupation by mediating 20E titer and its signaling pathway.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for automatically inputting a character message in a mobile communication terminal are provided to shorten a character message input time by memorizing a word frequently used according to a user and automatically outputting the corresponding word. CONSTITUTION: A key input unit(100) inputs a character. A storing unit(300) receives a certain word and stores the received word according to each word. A control unit(200) classifies characters inputted by the key input unit(100) according to a word, counts the number of input times, and controls the storing unit(300) when the counting value exceeds a predetermined reference value so that the corresponding word is stored in the storing unit(300). A comparing unit(400) compares a primary character of the word inputted through the key input unit(100) with a primary character of the word stored in the storing unit(300), and outputs the corresponding word when the primary character of the word inputted through the key input unit(100) is identical to the primary character of the word stored in the storing unit(300). A display unit(500) displays a word outputted by the comparing unit(400).


Silicon wafers covered with a thermally grown high-quality SiO2 layer were often used as the substrate to house different nanostructures to fabricate photodetection devices. No reports have ever challenged directly fabricating photodetectors utilizing leakage current through non-high-quality SiO2 films and the intrinsic light absorption properties of Si. Herein, we show that metal/SiO2/Si planar photodetectors could be easily fabricated by simply depositing two metal electrodes (such as, Au, Ag and Al) on top of SiO2/Si wafer in which the SiO2 layer is of non-high quality. The responsivity, stability, photoresponse characteristics and light intensity sensitivity are systematically evaluated. Our results clearly show that the present conveniently and cost-effectively fabricated metal/SiO2/Si planar photodetectors are of great advantage as compared to many of the nanostructure-based photodetectors constructed on SiO2/Si substrate.


The design and application of polyphase ac motors with permanent magnet excitation is receiving increasing attention because of the potential for high power factor and efficiency of these machines. This paper is concerned with the determination of the parameters of such motors by test. Owing to certain inherent features of the PM ac motor, some of the standard ac motor test procedures require modification and re-interpretation, including the measurement of torque versus torque angle. Other test methods, including several which are used for estimating the synchronous reactances Xd and Xq, are inapplicable to the PM motor. The paper discusses alternative methods which have been specially developed for this purpose. It is shown that there can be a lack of uniqueness in the direct-axis parameter values, and a special double inductance bridge has been developed to resolve this problem. Results obtained with this new bridge technique are described.


PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of an ultra-thin asphalt pavement as a preventive maintenance approach through laboratory tests. METHODS : An ultra-thin asphalt pavement of 2 cm wearing course thickness comprising modified asphalt and aggregate is a preventive maintenance method used for asphalt pavements. A mix design was carried out to determine the optimum aggregate gradation and asphalt contents. A dynamic immersion test was performed to evaluate the water-resistance of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement. A wet track abrasion test and a cohesion test were conducted to examine the applicability of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement in surface treatment. The performance of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement was evaluated through wheel loading tests, such as Hamburg wheel-tracking and third-scale model mobileloading simulator (MMLS-3). RESULTS : An optimum binder content of 4.9% was obtained in the ultra-thin asphalt mixture from the Marshall mix design. The waterresistance tests indicated a 70% dynamic immersion coverage rate of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement. The wet track abrasion test showed an abrasion rate of 0.0107 g/cm2, and the cohesion tests indicated a 19.0 kg·cm average cohesion at 30 min of operating time and 21.4 kg·cm average cohesion at 60 min of operating time. From the Hamburg wheel-tracking test, a 16.56 mm rut depth at 20,000 wheel passing was obtained. Finally, a 5.87 mm rut depth at 300,000 number of wheel passing was detected from the MMLS-3 test. CONCLUSIONS : The water-resistance of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement satisfied the recommended guidelines of the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. In addition, the applicability of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement as a surface treatment met the standard of the International Slurry Surfacing Association. Furthermore, the deformation performance of the ultra-thin asphalt pavement was 1.5 times better than that of the straight asphalt pavement, based on the results of the wheel-loading tests. Hence, it is estimated that an ultra-thin asphalt pavement has a high performance in the preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement, even though the cracking resistance was not evaluated in this study.


There are two kinds of Theme: Unmarked Theme and Marked Theme. It is divided into two subtypes: simple Theme and multiple Theme. The theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is used, regarded with textual function that observes clause as a message and analyzes it from the thematic structure in the term of Theme-Rheme. The method of descriptive qualitative is applied. The source of data were Everything, Everything movie script, taken from Springfield Springfield site. Data of the research were selected, based on the second character dialog. The purpose of this research is to indicate the types and to describe the realization of the Theme markedness. The research findings showed, the dominant type of markedness realization is simple unmarked Theme with 69.4% percentage. It dominates the other markedness realization, that is simple marked Theme with 2.4% percentage, multiple unmarked Theme with 27.1% percentage, and multiple marked Theme with 0.9% percentage.


In accordance with what has been stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia that Arabic language subjects are subjects that are directed to encourage, guide, develop, and foster abilities and foster a positive attitude towards Arabic, both receptively and productively. Reading skills (maharah al-qiro'ah) in learning Arabic at Madrasah Aliyah are one of the four basic language skills that must be taught by teachers and mastered by students. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method that seeks to collect as much information as possible through documentation, interviews, and observations to be further studied and analyzed and draw the final result in the form of conclusions. The results obtained are the reality in the field shows that the teaching of language reading skills Arabic is done by the teacher not everything goes well, in fact there are still many problems that result in learning objectives cannot be achieved. Therefore, teachers need to understand and master various important aspects of teaching reading skills so that teaching activities can run well and the stated teaching goals can be achieved.


The purpose of this research is to know the strategy of Industry, Trade and Cooperative Office in developing small and medium enterprises in Nagan Raya District and to know the obstacles faced by Industry, Trade and Cooperative Office in developing small and medium enterprises in Nagan Raya District. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with the source data taken through observation, interview and documentation. Disperindagkop Nagan Raya District in the development of Small and Medium Enterprises namely guidance and Counseling, covering (a) the development of various products, (b) improvement of product quality, (c) licensing counseling, (d) marketing, education and training, covering (a) management Capital and finance, (b) production techniques, (c) entrepreneurship, Provision of Assistance, covering (a) capital assistance, (b) equipment aid and Evaluation and supervision. There are also inhibiting factors, such as internal resistor factors from Disperindagkop Nagan Raya District that is the level of quality and quantity of apparatus is still limited, the amount of budget funds for UKM development program. And supporting facilities and infrastructure are still inadequate. External inhibiting factors are the level of quality of human resources is still limited, lack of interest in trying. The authors provide suggestions that can be utilized by relevant agencies Increasing the frequency of meetings with UKM and the growing interest of young people to the importance of wrestle in the field of business. Keywords: Strategy, Development, UKM, Disperindagkop.


Abstract : Information collection is a critical task in a wide range of tactical and strategic military and civilian operations. The ability to gather accurate information in a timely manner is a difficult task, but sharing that information and making it accessible in near real-time compounds the challenges. The ability to do all three in an environment where network connectivity is intermittent or non-existent seemed virtually impossible until recent years. Network connectivity plays a significant role in how we conduct business. Our requirements to share information do not change simply because there is little or no existing infrastructure in our area of operations. In fact, information sharing can prove to be more important in areas where infrastructure is simply nonexistent. It is for this reason that the Lighthouse suite of applications was conceived. This research takes a deeper look at specific goals and requirements for information collection using handheld devices, and identifies a data synchronization algorithm and existing network connectivity technologies that can be used to implement sharing between handheld devices. The recommendations can be used to enhance information sharing, promote accuracy of data, and improve the efficacy of information-gathering techniques when implemented in austere networking environments.


Chromium-51 (51Cr)-ethylene diamino tetraacetic acid plasma clearance is commonly used in glomerular filtration rate measurements. In the presence of additional radionuclides in plasma samples, glomerular filtration rate may be seriously underestimated and a correction of the crosstalk interference may be necessary. This type of correction is problematic in the case of gallium-67 (67Ga) mainly because of the close vicinity of its 300 keV photopeak with that of the 320 keV photopeak of 51Cr. A novel method of calculating and removing the interfering 67Ga counts within the 51Cr counting window, based on the different decay rates of the two radionuclides, is presented, requiring two series of sample counting in the 51Cr counting window only, separated by a 3-day interval. This method was developed to solve a clinical problem and then it was validated by a controlled 67Ga contamination of plasma samples with known counts from 51Cr-ethylene diamino tetraacetic acid.


The Arctic Ocean mixed layer interacts with the ice cover above and warmer, nutrient ‐ rich waters below. Ice ‐ Tethered Pro fi ler observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean over 2006 – 2017 are used to investigate changes in mixed layer properties. In contrast to decades of shoaling since at least the 1980s, the mixed layer deepened by 9 m from 2006 – 2012 to 2013 – 2017. Deepening resulted from an increase in mixed layer salinity that also weakened strati fi cation at the base of the mixed layer. Vertical mixing alone can explain less than half of the observed change in mixed layer salinity, and so the observed increase in salinity is inferred to result from changes in freshwater accumulation via changes to ice ‐ ocean circulation or ice melt/growth and river runoff. Even though salinity increased, the shallowest density surfaces deepened by 5 m on average suggesting that Ekman pumping over this time period remained downward. A deeper mixed layer with weaker strati fi cation has implications for the accessibility of heat and nutrients stored in the upper halocline. The extent to which the mixed layer will continue to deepen appears to depend primarily on the complex set of processes in fl uencing freshwater accumulation.


An extract from 8-day-old cotton ovules (Gossypiumii hir-sutuint L.) was partitioned into three fractions and each fraction was derivatized and analyzed separately. Gas-liquid chromatography and computer-controlled gas-liquid chroma-tography-mass spectrometry were used to separate, measure, and identify the naturally occurring plant hormones. A single extract contained abscisic acid, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellins A1, A3, A4. A7, A9, and A13 in the first fraction; ethyl indole-3-acetate and indole-3-aldehyde in the second fraction; and the cytokinins 6-(3-methyl-4-hydroxybutylamino)purine (dihydrozeatin), 6- (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-trans-butenylamino) purine (zeatin), 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine (2iP), 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino) .9 - A - D - ribofuranosylpurine (2iPA), and 6- (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-trans-butenylamino) -9-/3-D-ribo-furanosylpurine (zeatin riboside) in the third fraction. substances based upon the direct coupling of a gas chromatogram, a mass spectrometer, and a small computer-recent examples of its application.


The potassium salt of dicyano-S-methylisothiourea (2), which was prepared from cyanamide-dithiocarbonic acid ester (1) with cyanamide, was made to react with amino compounds and several new compounds were prepared.Reaction of (2) with ammonium nitrate produced diaminomethylmercapto-s-triazine ; similarly, reaction with aniline hydrochloride produced 1-pheny 1-2, 6-diimino-4-methylmercaptotetrahydro-s-triazine.In the presence of alkali, (2) reacted with cyanamide, guanidine and dicyandiamide to give tricyanoguanidine salt, cyanomelamine salt and dicyanomelamine salt, respectively. By treatment with hot aqueous alkaline solution, (2) was converted to dicyanourea salt and amino-dimethylmercapto-s-triazine. Addition-elimination reaction of some related compounds of (1) and (2) were also investigated.


We analyzed the immediate and long-term results of single-stage correction for cardiac rhythm disturbances and Ebstein abnormality using cardiopulmonary bypass (114 cases) and results of closed method of additional atrio-ventricular junction removal using radio-frequency ablation (RFA) as the first treatment stage of concomitant pathology (30 cases). Basing on this analysis we concluded that single-stage correction of concomitant pathology is indicated for initial severe patient condition and when there is a risk associated with closed intervention. When immediate correction is not required, first stage should be arrhythmogenic substrate RFA.


The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) will lower barriers to trade and investment across the continent. This paper presents predictions of the effects of NAFTA on Mexico's imports of intermediate wood products, scrap and waste paper, pulp, and newsprint from the United States and Canada. Predictions were made with a partial equilibrium model. Model development involved estimating (i) elasticities of Mexico's import demand with respect to price and demand shifters and (ii) elasticities of prices with respect to their determinants, and then predicting, with these elasticities, the impacts of NAFTA on imports and prices. The effects of NAFTA on the exogenous variables affecting import demand and prices were summarized for three scenarios, based on the predictions of broader studies of the agreement. The results suggest that the full long-term impact of the NAFTA would be to increase the value of all Mexican imports from the United States and Canada by 21 to 85%. The effect would vary greatly by product and country of origin. Mexican imports of particleboard , hardwood veneer, scrap and waste paper, and wood pulp would be the least affected, mainly because of their smaller tariffs and inelastic price responses. Imports of Douglas-fir (P,seud~~t.~ugu meiz:iesii (Mirb.) France) lumber, hardwood lumber, softwood plywood, and newsprint from the United States would increase the most under NAFTA. Rui 85% de la valeur de toutes Its importations mexicaines provena.nt des etats-Unis et du Canada. L'effet serait tres variable selon le produit et le pays d'origine. Les importations mexicaines de panneaux de particules. dc plxage feuillu, de dkbris et rebuts de papier et de prite de bois seraient Its moins affectkes, surtout h cause de leurs plus faibles tat-ifs et des r@actions inelastiques dcs prix. Les importations de bois d'oeuvre de Douglas Laxijoli6 f P.wJd~~~slr~~c~ mcw%sii (Mirb.) Franca), de bois d'oeuvre feuillu, de contrcplaquk resineux et de papicr journal provenant des &tits-Unis augmenteraient lc plus sous I'ALENA. (Traduit par la R@daction)


In this paper, an asynchronous operation mode of brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) with negative pole-pairs is introduced based on the principle of field differential modulation. The machine has the characteristics of negative pole-pairs under the magnetic field modulation of the specially designed rotor. This means that the rotor can rotate in reverse and operate stably when the three-phase positive sequence voltage is applied to the stator power wingding (PW) end of the machine. The electromagnetic braking torque of the traditional induction motor becomes the driving torque in BDFM with negative pole pairs. This paper first analyzes the reasons for the phenomenon of negative pole-pairs, calculates the asynchronous torque, then analyzes the influence of different factors on the starting torque, and finally validates its rationality through finite element simulation.


The wet closure of exposed tailings is a remediation technology that has been used to reduce or eliminate the toxicity and mobility of.heavy metal contaminants. For constructed wet closure cells, the application of this technology is easily accomplished and chemical amendments can be readily added, as needed, to control pH and dissolved metal concentrations. As part of the Warm Springs Ponds site remediation, exposed shoreline tailings located on the southern perimeter of Pond 2 in the Active Area of the Warm Springs Ponds Operable Unit of the Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area NPL Site (Anaconda, MT), were to be wet closed. During the flooding of these tailings, Pond 2 discharge was required to meet Interim Water Quality Standards and the impact of this remediation action on aquatic life was to be minimized. To address this problem, a series of soil column studies were undertaken to evaluate the suitability of direct surficial lime additions to exposed tailings. Results of these studies indicated that lime slurry application rate of 8.96 Mg ha·• (4.0 ton/acre) would be optimal in· reducing metal release into the overlying water column. Monitoring of dissolved metal concentration in Pond 2 discharge during the Pond raise showed slightly higher dissolved Cu concentrations (0.055 0.105 mg/L) than predicted from column studies (0.050 mg/L). Complexation of dissolved Cu with organic exudates originating from a corresponding algal bloom in Pond 2 was believed responsible for the difference. Surficial lime application to exposed tailings prior to wet closure was effective in reducing metals release from tailings into the overlying water. Additional


Significance Ammonia borane (AB) is a promising hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen storage capacity. AB dehydrogenation can be facilitated by metal-halide (MCl2) catalysis. Here, we have elucidated the dehydrogenation mechanism of AB via MCl2 catalysis using ab initio calculations. In contrast to a typical electrophilic substitution (SE) reaction occurring at a carbon atom, the nitrogen atom in AB serves as the reaction center for the SE reaction with the boron moiety as the leaving group when MCl2 approaches AB. In addition, the SE2 backside reaction is favored as the initial step for the dehydrogenation of AB by MCl2. This work paves the way for the use of a new reaction in the field of BN chemistry. An electrophilic substitution (SE) reaction of BN isosteres has been investigated for the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) by metal chlorides (MCl2) using various ab initio calculations. In contrast to the typical SE reaction occurring at the carbon atom, the nitrogen atom in AB serves as the reaction center for the SE reaction with the boron moiety as the leaving group when the MCl2 approaches the AB. The SE2 backside reaction is favored as a trigger step for the dehydrogenation of AB by the MCl2. The SE2 reaction is found for 3d-transition-metal chlorides (e.g., FeCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2, CuCl2, and ZnCl2), while PdCl2 leads to the dehydrogenation of AB by a direct B–H σ-bond activation, similar to most organometallic catalysts. Interestingly, the polymerization of AB promoted by MCl2 can be explained with the similar SE2 mechanism, and the dehydrogenation of the BN derivative 3-methyl-1,2-BN-cyclopentane (CBN) bearing a carbon backbone ring also follows the SE2 reaction. In particular, the experimental observation that the use of metal-chloride catalysis decreases the by-products obtained during the hydrogenation of AB can be explained by our mechanism involving the SE2 reaction. This work is helpful for the development of novel metal-halide catalysts for practical hydrogen storage materials, including the BN moiety.


GaP films with different deposition parameters had been prepared on the ZnS substrate by radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering. The affection of different deposition parameters, such as RF power, gas pressure, gas flow rate and film thickness on infrared transmission of GaP films were analysed with FTIR. From which a group of optimum parameters were selected to have prepared 10.5 μm GaP film on substrate with a better bonding strength and obtained a multiplayer of DLC/GaP according to designed requirement. Results show the antireflection property of DLC/GaP films is excellent, and the increase of the mean transmission in 8~11.5 μm waveband is 5.69%, which can meet the application requirement.


The invention provides a kind of composition epoxy resin for encapsulated semiconductor device, and the semiconducter device utilizing this resin combination to encapsulate.This composition epoxy resin comprises epoxy resin, solidifying agent, curing catalyst, mineral filler and additive, and wherein this epoxy resin comprises the novolac epoxy resin of the fragrant hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin modification represented by chemical formula 1, wherein, and R
 1 and R
 2 represent hydrogen or C1 to C4 line style or branched-alkyl independently of one another, the average value ranges of k is 0 to 2, and the average value ranges of l is 1 to 9.The flame retardant resistance that this composition epoxy resin can provide excellent without the need to using fire retardant, thus show the feature of environmental protection, good mobility, adhesivity and reliability.[chemical formula 1]


PART I - THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF CURRENT JUVENILE JUSTIC SYSTEMS POLICIES AND PRACTICES Chapter 1 - Serious and Violent Juvenile Delinquency Trends Chapter 2 - Myths about Juvenile Delinquency and the Juvenile Justice System Chapter 3 -Moral Panic Over Juvenile Delinquency and the Consequences PART II - THE RESEARCH BASE ON JUVENILE OFFENDERS AND WHAT DOESN'T WORK Chapter 4 - Serious, Violent, Chronic Juvenile Offender Careers Chapter 5 - Youth Gang Members as Serious, Violent, and Chronic Offenders Chapter 6 - Risk and Protective Factors for Delinquency Chapter 7 - What Doesn't Work in Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency Chapter 8 - Transfer of Juveniles to the Criminal Justice System PART III - EFFECTIVE PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMS IN A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK Chapter 9 - Effective Prevention and Early Intervention Programs Chapter 10 - Effective Rehabilitation Programs for Juvenile Offenders Chapter 11 - Historical Development of Comprehensive Juvenile Justice Approaches Chapter 12 - The Comprehensive Strategy Framework Chapter 13 - An Illustration of the Comprehensive Strategy Framework


In recent years, tetanus and measles are estimated to account for more than 2.5 million childhood deaths annually; measles alone may account for more than 2 million such deaths. The author reviews empirical evidence on the most effective and feasible strategies for measles and tetanus vaccination programs. He found that tetanus and measles immunization programs could significantly reduce deaths among children up to the age of 4 in many developing countries. Vaccinations had a pronounced effect in reducing childhood deaths from measles - with benefits sustained over time, and with the greatest benefits accruing to the most disadvantaged children. He found little support for the existence of a replacement mortality effect. Studies on maternal immunization against tetanus showed a great reduction in the number of neonatal deaths, but considerable uncertainty about the number of doses needed and how long the immunity lasted. Recent evidence suggests that giving the mother two doses of tetanus toxoid may confer significant levels of protection against neonatal death from tetanus for 15 years or more. Evidence on the impact of a single dose is less conclusive.


Democracy has been established as an important aim of political development and an integral element of political civilization since the late 1970s. However, it is not the liberal democracy in western societies. What China wants to promote is the socialist democracy that has two faces, that is, the socialist face and liberal face. As a result, the political developments have reflected two-track characteristics in democratization. One is to strengthen and improve the CCP leadership by introducing intra-party democracy, reinforcing party discipline, strengthening intra-party supervision and implementing mass line and people's principle based on the socialist nature of democracy. Another is to build democratic systems by upgrading the status of the NPC, expanding the scope of direct elections, reforming election rules, restoring the grass-root autonomy in countryside and urban community and improving the conditions of human rights in the view of liberal democracy. From these processes of democratization, we can evaluate the potentialities and limitations for Chinese democracy. As the economic and political reforms have been intensifying in China, the question whether China will democratize bas been attracted attentions from abroad as well as at home. Based on different-if not contradictory-definitions of democracy, scholars and observers tend to depict their own pictures for the democratic developments in China. This paper is designed to analyze the evolution of definitions of democracy in China, clarify the complex nature of democracy in political discourse in order to look for some clues to evaluate the potentialities and limitations for Chinese democracy.


Background Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is an unusual fibrohistiocytic proliferation in the dermis with vascular hyperplasia. Numerous clinicopathological studies of MCAH have been published, but little has been written in relation to treatment. Objectives The aim of the present study is to review the therapeutical approaches for MCAH in the literature and to report the results of the different therapies followed at our institution. Methods A literature review was conducted including all MCAH published cases that followed any therapy. Search terms included "multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma" or "MCAH" and "treatment" or "therapy". Also, all cases of MCAH treated at our institution from 2010 to 2020 are reported. Results The literature search revealed 16 cases of MCAH treated with any of the therapeutic options. At our institution, 9 patients have been treated of MCAH between 2010 and 2020. Over 75% of them were female, and the median age was 56 years (range 47-73). More than 50% had lesions on the dorsum of the hands. Surgical excision was indicated in 2 patients, ablative CO2 laser was used in 1 patient and the 6 remaining ones followed vascular-targeted therapies (PDL and IPL). A satisfactory cosmetic result was achieved in all of them. Conclusions We propose PDL therapy as a first-line treatment for MCAH since it achieves satisfactory esthetic results, while being well-tolerated. Selecting those amenable patients according to morphologic characteristics may be useful to avoid unsuccessful therapies. In MCAH with predominant fibrous stroma, surgery or CO2 laser may be the best option.


Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs in patients whose hearts show little or no anatomic disease as well as in patients with hearts that are acutely damaged. K i th an adequate resuscitation technique, patients in either category may recover and return to normal activity. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not the answer for patients in whom the cardiac arrest is due to long-term or terminal disease, but i t is of great importance for those in whom the heart may continue to function for many more years. Since i t is often impossible to differentiate these two groups, all cases of cardiopulmonary arrest should undergo resuscitative measures in the absence of known contraindications.


Mushtaq T. Abdulwahid and Mashaan A. Al-Zuhairy Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Iraq E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Accepted on: 3/6/2013 Summary Four hundred fertile eggs of broiler breeder Ross strain were incubated in commercial Hatchery. Eggs were injected into amniotic fluid on 18 day of incubation after divided into four treatment groups (100 eggs per treatment) with two replicates. First treatment was injected 100 μl of PBS, second treatment was injected with100 μl of inactivated ND vaccine, the third treatment was injected with 100 μl of inactivated ND vaccine and 50 μl vitamin E (oily form) and finally the fourth treatment was injected with 100 μl of inactivated ND vaccine and 50 μl Cod liver oil. All injected eggs were carried back into hatchery for complete hatching process. Hatched chicks were transported to the farm of the Veterinary Medicine College/University of Baghdad for 42 days from 6/10/2011 to 16/11/2011. The hatched chicks from the previously treated groups were distributed into four treatments with two replicates for up to the experimental end. Results of treated groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in body weight, weight gain, as well as significant reduce in feed intake and improvement in feed conversion ratio, also, antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus of treated groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase progressively with age until the end of the experiment compared with broiler chicks of control.


monly accepted hypotheses in tax incidence theory. However, there has been a dearth of empirical verification of the existence or degree of capitalization. An exception to this lack of empirical work is a recent study by Woodard and Brady which showed results consistent with the existence of capitalization.1 Although these results tend to verify the capitalization hypothesis, the nature of the data available for the study precluded conclusive results.


To the Editor : I read the article on CRP and toxic granulation with great interest. The authors concluded : 'The proposed system can be applied to patients with inflammatory or infectious conditions, where grading of toxic granulation of neutrophils can possibly be used as a surrogate marker to assess infection or inflammation and their response to treatment.' I agree that the new system can be useful in clinical practice. However, there are some points of concern.


Copy of transcript for a letter from Jose Antonio Saucedo, on March 30, 1828, discussing murderers from Tennessee who have found shelter in Mexico. He urges the recipient to go after them and turn them into the American authorities.


Abstract Spectroscopic properties of Ce3+ ions in GdAlO3 crystal are presented. At least three Ce3+ nonequivalent centres (multisites) are present in this crystal. Energy transfer from the Ce3+ main in the UV emitting centres to the Ce3+ green emitting centres is observed. Ce3+ fluorescence decays are either fast (1.5–20 ns) or slower due to complicated processes of energy transfer and migration (Ce3+)i → (Gd3+)n-steps → (Ce3+)j (energy transfer through Gd3+ sublattice).