As scaling of conventional FinFET architecture to achieve target transistor density and performance becomes more complex and difficult, it is essential to attain a next generation transistor architecture. Horizontal Gate-All-Around (hGAA) nanosheet (NS) devices have attracted attention as a candidate to replace FinFETs at the 5nm technology node and beyond due to their excellent electrostatics and short channel control. Compared to scaled FinFET, stacked GAA NS offers circuit performance improvements with increased effective width per active footprint while also enabling gate length scaling. Exploring performance improvement techniques, such as channel strain engineering, is important for next generation CMOS technologies. It is difficult, however, to effectively induce strain into the channel region using source/drain stressors in scaled GAA NS structures due to reduction of the stressor (embedded SiGe in source/drain region) volume as transistor dimension shrinks. In addition, strain relaxation of source/drain stressors caused by introduction of crystalline defects decreases effectiveness to induce strain into the channel region. This is more pronounced by the fact that achieving superior epitaxial growth is more difficult on the GAA NS device structure due to the presence of inner spacer dielectric. Therefore, we proposed a stacked GAA NS pFET device with compressively strained SiGe channel. The SiGe channel NS devices were fabricated using Si NS channel trimming by selective isotropic dry etch and selective SiGe epitaxial growth techniques after the Si NS channel release (Fig. 1). This is the preferable scheme in terms of strain retention in the SiGe channel NS region since there are no patterning processes that cause strain relaxation during downstream processing.
 To investigate the device characteristics of SiGe NS devices, we fabricated strained Si1-xGex (x = 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35) channel NS pFET and investigated the crystallinity and strain in the channel region. Fig. 2 contains cross-sectional TEM images across the gate after Si0.7Ge0.3 channel formation. We observed no visible crystalline defects in the 4 nm-thick Si0.7Ge0.3 layer grown on the 2 nm-thick trimmed Si NS, indicating superior crystallinity of Si0.7Ge0.3 layer. To investigate strain in the nanoscale strained SiGe NS channel structures, Precession Electron Diffraction (PED) characterization was performed to evaluate lattice deformation of the stacked SiGe NS channel with 4 nm-thick Si0.7Ge0.3 epitaxial growth. Lattice deformation values are defined as the difference between in-plane lattice constants and the Si lattice constant, normalized by the Si lattice constant. Fig. 3 shows in-plane lattice deformation contour maps in the region of the stacked SiGe NS channel obtained from both X-cut (across the gate) and Y-cut (along the gate) for the SiGe NS structure with sheet width of 20 nm. The in-plane lattice deformation values were extracted from the middle of the SiGe NS channel as shown in Fig. 4. Preservation of half the amount of strain along the channel direction ([110]) was confirmed whereas strain along the NS width direction ([1-10]) was found to be almost fully relaxed due to elastic relaxation. This results in the Si0.7Ge0.3 channel being uniaxially stressed. The compressive stress along the channel direction estimated from the [110] lattice deformation is ~1 GPa.
 Normalized hole mobility in the representative Si1-xGex channel NS pFET as a function of inversion carrier density (Ninv) is shown in Fig. 5. The hole mobility of Si1-xGex channel (x = 0.35) with Si cap is almost 100% higher than that of Si NS channel. The mobility benefit of Si1-xGex channel is attributed to reduced effective hole mass along the transport direction caused by a high compressive strain in the Si1-xGex channel.
 The technique demonstrated in this study for forming compressively strained SiGe channel NS has great potential to improve pFET device performance for next generation of CMOS logic in GAA Nanosheet technology.

 Figure 1


Visiting any pediatric outpatient clinic as a child may be considered a stressful and anxiety-inducing experience. The literature suggests that positive distractions, such as pet therapy and single-user electronic devices, may aid in reducing anxiety and maximizing patient satis faction throughout the patient's experience at a pediatric outpatient clinic. The aim of this pilot quality improvement project was to determine which positive distractions patients experienced and whether single-user electronic loaner devices should be provided to patients at pediatric outpatient facilities. A quantitative causal comparative approach was utilized in identifying patient exposure to key positive distraction techniques that may significantly decrease anxiety. The independent variable was the patient gender as reported by the caretaker. The term "caretaker" refers to the adult parent, guardian, relative, or friend accompanying the patient. The dependent variables were caretakers' responses to interview questions regarding exposure to and intere st in various positive distractors. Most patients reported more interactions with therapy dogs than either clowns or musicians, with none reporting magician interaction while waiting for their appointments. Many patients (71%) demonstrated interest in having access to single-user electronics during clinic appointment wait times. Male patients showed great interest (87%) in having access to single-user electronics. Findings suggest that pediatric healthcare facilities funding single-user electronics to reduce patient anxiety may increase patient satisfaction. Additionally, data suggest administrators may benefit by offering an array of positive distractions, with a particular focus on pet therapy programs. Child life specialists are particularly suited for overseeing the implementation of an efficient and effective program


Asymmetrical horizontal interdot coupling was demonstrated to exist in a system of a single plane of self-assembled CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE), second-order photon correlation, and optical orientation were used as main experimental tools. Each individual absorbing dot was identified by a sharp PLE resonance assigned to the neutral exciton transition, while the corresponding emission contained several excitonic transitions of different charge states in another single quantum dot different from the absorbing one. Energy and spin transfer dynamics were studied. A high efficiency of spin transfer was found from the optical orientation in a vertical magnetic field (70%) as well as without the magnetic field (40%), in spite of a significant anisotropic exchange splitting of the absorbing dot. Coherent mechanism of linear-to-circular polarization conversion was identified, with an efficiency (43%) close to the theoretical limit of 50%.


A fiber-optic solution concentration sensor employing a periodical pressure-induced long-period grating is proposed. The sensor is based on a composite optical waveguide which is made of a standard single-mode fiber, a Teflon-cannula and the medium under test. Experiment has been carried out to measure the concentration of the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The results show that the central resonance wavelength shift has an approximately linear relationship with the concentration of the NaCl solution, where a sensitivity of 0.128 nm/wt.% for the LP14 mode coupling in a concentration range from 0% to 25% is measured.


The present state of growth and characterization of new crystals related to ternary halogenides MPb/sub 2/Cl/sub 5/ (Br/sub 5/): RE with M = K, Rb, Tl, (active media) and ternary Li-containing chalcogenides LiMeX/sub 2/, with Me = In, Ga, Al; X = S, Se, Te (nonlinear crystals) for laser application in the mid-IR are reviewed.


Rapid sedimentation rates combined with the presences of seaward-dipping detachment levels in both the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and the Columbus Basin (Offshore Trinidad) have facilitated the development of large extensional growth faults and their associated hanging-wall rollover folds. While detachment in the GOM is often associated with salt and/or overpresurred shale, shale is believed to be responsible for detachment and translation of large structural blocks within the Columbus Basin. Although, gravity-driven extension seems to be the primary mechanism driving structural development in both regions, the detailed structural geometries and deformational mechanisms present seem to be quite different. In the Columbus Basin, extensional rollovers are generally dominated by the presence of pervasive synthetic faults. Restoration of these structures suggests that these synthetic faults are accomodating the bulk hanging-wall deformation as the hanging-wall slides basinwards above an underlying listric fault surface. This synthetic simple shear deformation is not typically observed in Gulf of Mexico rollovers. In contrast, although synthetic faults are present, often observed in Gulf of Mexico rollovers. In contrast, although synthetic faults are present, often spatially associated with the master growth fault, antithetic or mixed antithetic/synthetic faulting dominates the crest of the structures. An antithetic simple shear deformationmore » is borne out by simple geometric modeling and restoration. The synthetic faulting seem in Trinidadian rollovers to be influenced by the presence of important vertical pressure seals (major unconformities) that may act as internal detachment levels within the larger folds. Synthetic faults are often observed to sole or die downwards into these intervals. Generally, lateral closure of rollover anticlines in the GOM is controlled by the underlying scoop-like shape of the major listric growth faults.« less


a From a handful of insurgent colonies united only by their belief in the equality of all men, there has emerged in a little less than two hundred years a society that possesses more power and material wealth than any other nation in history. Progress made by the United States during those two centuries is phenomenal. The average middle-class family today lives in a style that would have been envied by royalty in former centuries. Judging from the speed at which we can travel, the things we own to make life comfortable and pleasant, the hours of leisure, and the wide choice of avocations available for giving meaning to those hours, it would appear that the American dream is a reality; the good life truly has arrived. But a closer look at our society reveals that although we have the ingredients for a Utopia, they do not add up to it. Those who are fortunate enough to reap the benefits of our material prosperity do not seem to have found the full meaning of life. Then there is that large segment of our population who live under the cloud of unemployment, poor housing, and poverty. It is a paradox that a nation that has shown there is apparently nothing it cannot do by means of science and technology is not able to solve these social problems. It appears that a point has arrived in our national growth at which we should reassess our goals. Science has proved that it can accomplish anything society demands. Now the burden is on society to decide the directions it should take.


A descriptive, correlational design was used to explore nurses1 perceptions of the impact of health care reforms and work-related attitudes and behavioural intentions four years following the implementation of major restructuring initiatives in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The relationships between and among key study variables (i.e., personal characteristics, perceived impact of health care reforms, work-related attitudes, and behavioural intentions) were also examined. A modified version of the integrated causal model. The Conceptual Model of Behavioural Intentions (CMBI), constituted the basic framework for this research study. -- The study sample consisted of 181 registered nurses employed in direct care, administration, and/or education from all health care regions of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador from 1995 to 1999. Data were collected over a five-week period, from June to July 1999, using a mailed-out questionnaire. -- Study findings indicated that nurses were generally more negative than positive about the impact of health care reforms. In comparison to baseline data collected prior to managerial restructuring and downsizing (i.e., in 1995), there was a significant worsening of nurses' attitudes toward the impact of reforms. Respondents were most negative about quality of care, emotional climate, and standards of care. Study findings also demonstrated that respondents were neither totally satisfied nor dissatisfied with most aspects of restructuring, had a slightly low or neutral level of commitment to their organizations, felt that implied psychological contracts with the organization had been violated, and were uncertain about whether they would stay with their current employer. -- Partial support for the major assumptions of the CMBI was provided through the study findings. All of the reform variables (i.e., importance of reforms, emotional climate, practice-related issues, quality of care, safety concerns, and standards of care) were significantly and positively related to the intervening attitudes (i.e., psychological contract violation, restructuring satisfaction, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) and behavioural intentions (i.e., intent to stay). As well, all of the intervening attitudes depicted moderate to strong, positive correlations with each other and with behavioural intentions. While none of the personal characteristics influenced the intervening attitudes, geographic region of workplace and level of education were found to influence behavioural intentions. -- Study findings failed to support the causal, linear process proposed by the CMBI, where organizational commitment is represented as a key predictor of behavioural intentions. Regression analysis supported general job satisfaction as the key predictor of behavioural intentions. Further, the work-related variable of standards of care emerged as a better predictor of behavioural intentions than intervening variables (i.e., restructuring satisfaction and organizational commitment). These two variables combined to explain 28% of the variance in behavioural intentions (i.e., intent to stay). -- The findings of this study suggest that nurses working within the Newfoundland and Labrador health care system four years after the implementation of major health care reforms are experiencing high levels of dissatisfaction and frustration with conditions in their work environment. While these findings support the work of previous researchers, the generaiizability of results to other nursing populations is limited. Further research is needed to explore how other factors in the changing work environment are impacting nurses' work-related attitudes and behavioural intentions.


This paper introduces the characteristis of the SDS-900B machine.In order to develop the structures of the products,it is need to modify the equipments and adjust the production processes.We Studied the impact of process parameters on production,such as process-speed,textured-temperature,friction-disc,D/Y ratio and winding overfeed,etc.The result indicated that the appropriate process parameters such as processing speed of 560 m/min,the first spin manifold temperature of 188 ℃,the second spin manifold temperature of 145 ℃,draw ratio of 1.591,and D/Y of 1.61,could produce the high-quality low-interlacing PET yarn.


Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) has become more and more popular these years. However, it is difficult to train and suffers from the training instability problem. To tackle this difficulty, this paper proposes a novel approach. Our idea is intuitive but proven to be very useful. In essence, it combines saturating loss and non-saturating loss into the loss function. Thus it will exploit the complementary statistical properties from two kinds of loss functions to effectively improve the training stability. We term our method twin discriminator Generative Adversarial Networks (TWGAN), which, unlike GAN, has a generator and a twin discriminator. The twin discriminator consists of two discriminators with identical architecture and both of them aim to distinguish whether the samples are from real data or fake data. We develop theoretical analysis to show that, given the optimal discriminators, optimizing the generator of TWGAN reduces to minimizing the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the distribution of generated data (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_g$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and the distribution of real data (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_data$</tex-math></inline-formula>), hence effectively addressing the training instability problem. Extensive experiments on MNIST, Fashion MNIST, CIFAR-10/100 and STL-10 datasets demonstrate that the competitive performance of our TWGAN in generating good quality and diverse samples over baselines. The obtained highest inception score (IS) and lowest Fr <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\acute{e}$</tex-math></inline-formula> chet Inception Distance (FID), compared with other state-of-the-art GANs, show the superiority of our TWGAN.


Horatio Alger heroes have nothing on Joseph A. Bordogna. Alger wrote stories about lads that got rich through pluck and luck. Bordogna, brought up as a poor orphan during World War II by foster parents in South Philadelphia, is intellectually successful, which to him is better than being rich. The key, he says, was good teachers, and love and mentoring spread around. Bordogna has the chance now to continue his mental adventuring on a national level as acting deputy director of the National Science Foundation. NSF has almost $3.3 billion this year to spend on science and engineering, and Bordogna's job is to see that, on a daily level, decisions are made to ensure that the money is well spent, and to make sure NSF's staff does nothing to make the days of NSF Director Neal F. Lane unpredictably harder. As NSF's chief operating officer, Bordogna faces several important tasks. He has to shepherd to ...


Reconstruction causes of burner for WGZ220-100/13 pulverized coal-fired boiler of the power plant of Benxi Iron Steel Co are presented.Design basis and engineering application effect of the less gas and pulverized coal-fired burner are described.Problem of igniting and boosting of the boiler is solved.


This is the first report of the occurrence of core rot on peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata in Greece. This disease caused significant preharvest (at commercial ripening stage) and postharvest damage (at a percentage of ~5% of the total production) in the cultivar 'Fayette'. Rotting of the core began while fruit were still on the tree, with a soft, wet, brown rot progressing in the flesh around the stone. A. alternata was isolated on acidified potato dextrose agar from the edges of the rotted tissues. Symptoms were reproduced under laboratory conditions by injection of spore suspensions in the flesh of mature and immature fruit of 'Fayette'. In contrast, immature fruit did not show core rot symptoms when naturally infected. Furthermore, none of the other peach cultivars tested ('Spring Lady', 'Spring Crest', 'June Gold', 'Red Haven', 'Sun Crest', 'Sun Cloud') showed the symptoms of core rot of fruit at the commercial ripening stage. The rates of infection were significantly reduced at 10°C and completely inhibited at 2–4°C. The effectiveness of the fungicides PIΛAZIN 60WP, Thiophanate methyl 70WP, Folicur 25WG, Rovral 50WP, Dithane M-45 80WP and Switch 25/37.5 WP, at rates recommended by the manufacturers, were evaluated against A. alternata on agar and artificially inoculated fruit. The fungicides Folicur 25WG, Rovral 50WP and Switch 25/37.5 WP significantly reduced the development of A. alternata. Moderate effectiveness was shown by Dithane M-45 80WP. In contrast, the fungicides PIΛAZIN 60WP and Thiophanate methyl 70WP were not effective against this pathogen.


Summary. Twenty-four Holstein–Friesian cows were used in an experiment comparing milk production from cows offered rolled sorghum grain either alone at 8 or 10 kg/head. day of air-dried grain or with 4% sodium bentonite. The design was a 4 × 4 latin square with a 1 week adjustment period and a 3 week treatment period. This design was used to highlight the effects of high levels of grain feeding and changing that level of grain or grain–bentonite every 4 weeks. Cows grazed either ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Tetila) or oats (Avena sativa cv. Cluan) during the day and a mixed ration based on maize silage, lucerne hay, and meat and bone meal at night. There was no significant effect of treatments on milk yield or composition. Cows fed bentonite had a higher (P<0.05) rumen pH, tended to eat less grain sorghum and have lower concentrations of rumen ammonia and faecal starch. Faecal crude protein tended to increase with the use of bentonite indicating cows may have substituted pasture or mixed ration for grain and maintained a more stable rumen fermentation.


Purpose To compare and investigate the oncogenic and metastatic phenotypes in nude mice by injection of rat hepatocellular carcinoma( HCC) cells L2 via two different routes. Methods Twenty of 7-week-old female BALB / cA mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. After the injections of L2 from liver or spleen lobe,the survival rate,tumor formation rate,carcinogenic features,and metastasis were comparatively studied. Results All of the liver orthotopic nude mice developed liver cancer( 100%) with 60% lung metastasis rate,and exhibited an expansive growing pattern with surrounding invasion. In the spleen orthotopic model,78% mice developed HCC in spleen,with 67% liver metastatic rate and 11% lung metastatic rate,lower than the liver orthotopic model( P 0. 05). But the microscopically hilar lymph node metastasis rate was 33%. Conclusion The direct liver injection of L2 in female nude mice is a better modeling method for studying the mechanism of both carcinogenesis and metastasis,as well as the evaluation of therapeutic effect of liver cancer.


This is the final report of a project entitled "Analysis of Traffic Injuries in Medicaid Data." The aim of the project was to investigate the Medicaid claims data to determine the number and cost of Medicaid claims resulting from traffic accident injuries in the State of Michigan. The Medicaid Inpatient General Hospital Claims data from 1980 and 1981 were used to determine the number and costs of Medicaid claims resulting from traffic accidents. There were 401 such claims identified in the 1980 data and 298 in the 1981 data. These resulted in Medicaid charges of 1.1 million dollars in 1980 and one million dollars in 1981. The State of Michigan pays forty-nine percent of these costs from state tax revenues (the federal government pays the balance from federal tax revenues). The direct cost to the State of Michigan for Medicaid hospital claims was $545,000 in 1980 and $508,000 in 1981. The average cost per claim was $2770 in 1980 and $3480 in 1981, corresponding to average hospitalizations of 8.9 and 10.2 days, respectively. Medicaid hospital claims resulting from traffic accidents represent a very small part of medicaid hospital expenditures, approximately 0.32 percent. Medicaid also pays only a small part of the medical costs from traffic accident injuries. Michigan's legislature, particularly through the no-fault automobile insurance law, has determined that medical costs from traffic accidents will primarily be paid from private insurance (auto or health). The intent to have the public pay for medical costs of traffic accidents through private auto or health insurance seems to have been largely accomplished.


Objective To study the role of the germline mutations of hMLH1/hMSH2 promoters in cancer development in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) kindreds. Methods The promoters sequences of 25 cases with HNPCC, 20 with sporadic colorectal cancer and 10 normal persons without family history of cancer were amplified by PCR. The PCR products were analyzed by auto sequencer. The code sequences and expressions of hMLH1/hMSH2, and MSI were studied in those cases with germline mutations of the promoters. Results Two cases in one HNPCC family had the germline mutation of hMLH1. These 2 cases were father and son. High MSI, loss of hMLH1 experssion and no mutation of the code sequences were detected in these two cases. Conclusions The germline mutations of hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoters play a role in cancer development in HNPCC kindreds without hMLH1 and hMSH2 code sequence germline mutation.


This article analyses rural livelihood diversification through a longitudinal follow‐up survey, that targets former collective farm workers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It argues, that between 1995 and 2010 the former collective farm workers employed three distinct livelihood diversification strategies in order to create their living. A wage‐based livelihood diversification strategy, which does not include any agricultural practices, was more common among the better‐off households. A farm‐based livelihood diversification strategy, which does not rely on salaries, was more often employed by the poor. A mixed strategy, that combines both wage income and farm activities, was used by both better‐off (above the poverty line) and poor households (below the poverty line). The paper also finds that livelihood diversification and poverty among the researched households have country specific patterns, which coincide with the general rural development in Baltic states.


We report on a new approach toward protection against tuberculosis, based on passive inoculation with immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. In a mouse model of tuberculous lung infection, intranasal inoculations of mice with an IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the α‐crystallin antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reduced up to 10‐fold the lung bacterial counts at nine days after either aerosol‐ or intranasal challenge. This effect involved synergism between mAb inoculations shortly before and 3 days after infection. Monomeric IgA reduced the colony‐forming unit counts to the same extent as the polymeric IgA, suggesting antibody targeting to Fcα, rather than poly‐immunoglobulin receptors on infected lung macrophages. The protective effect was of short duration, presumably due to the rapid degradation of the intranasally applied IgA. Our results provide evidence of an alternative approach which could be further developed toward immunoprophylaxis against tuberculosis in immunocompromised subjects.


During the second week of October, November and December 1993, we sampled the air in the search for Total Suspended Particles (TSP) at four points of La Paz, a mexican medium sized city where the human respiratory problems are the main cause of mortality. Each sampling station was monitored, during each day, for a 24 hrs period. TSP were collected on glass fiber filters using a 0.45 Fm pore, and using a high-volume sampler (HIIWP 025 00). Most the values found for every sampling station during the three months were superior to those reported as the Mexican oflicial norm for maximum averages du*ng 24 hrs (260 Fg/m3). From the analyzed data it is possible to suggest that the acute respiratory health problems of La Paz inhabitants are pro- duced by the soil dust.


An immunocytochemical study was performed in 6 peripheral nerve specimens from 6 cases of polymyositis.The results revealed that depositions of IgG,IgM,IgA and C3 were found in the epineurium,perineurium and the walls of capillaries.These findings demonstrated that depositions of immonoglobulins and the complement-mediated immunoreaction may play an important role in pathogenesis of polymyositis with peripheral nerfve involvements.


Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) samples (both PM10 and PM2.5) were collected simultaneously from Midland Power Company Limited at Ashuganj, in Brahmanbaria to monitor the seasonal fluctuations of particulate matter and black carbon (BC) concentrations from air samples. Total eight samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2017 using two Air Metrics MiniVol samplers and the quantity of PM2.5 and PM10 was detected by weighing the filters before and after exposure. The concentration of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) and BC were analyzed at the laboratory of Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka. The black carbon concentration from both PM2.5 and PM10 samples were also determined by reflectance measurement. The concentrations of PM2.5 varied from 12.2–145 μgm−3 where mean value was 67.09 μgm−3. The mean concentration of PM10 was 103.64 μgm−3 whereas the concentration ranged from 20.5–220 μgm−3. The ratios of PM2.5/PM10 fluctuated during different seasons, winter showed higher concentration and summer showed relatively lower concentration for both PM2.5 and PM10. Atmospheric dispersion due to increased wind speeds and wider mixing layer heights are recognized to be responsible for the lower PM concentrations in warmer months. The concentrations of BC in PM2.5 also varied from 2.44–33.4 μgm−3 and BC in PM10 varied from 4.51–57.2 μgm−3, respectively. The concentrations of particulate matter exceeded the Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 232-236, August 2018


In this paper, we present an Improved Transformer model and a self-supervised framework for detecting anomalies in satellite telemetry data. Previous approaches based on RNN and LSTM variants have shown some progress in anomaly detection, but still require improvement in detection performance and context parallelism. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative Improved Transformer model that incorporates correlation modeling, long-range modeling, and parallel reasoning capabilities. This model features a token split structure, position embedding, and mask unit, which enhance its overall performance. Our self-supervised framework consists of two stages: pre-training and fine-tuning. We conduct extensive experiments on NASA's public dataset and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Using our self-supervised approach, we achieved a significant 95.7% (3-class) F1-score on the validation set, outperforming supervised counterparts that utilized the same training data.


It is a vital mission for China's senior high school ELT to localize the task-based language teaching,which is advocated as one of the main approaches by the National Curriculum for Senior High School ELT.In this paper,the author puts forward some ideas of adopting genre-based teaching approaches in senior high school TBL classrooms with analysis and discussion of the significance and methodology of genre-based teaching approaches.


We have a clear idea of what it is that South Africa needs and deserves, both now and in the future. We also all agree that in order to create the conditions which will address those needs, we will have to go without some things in the short term. Until now, we, in this House, have not agreed on what it is that we should part with for the common good ...2


Should you be concerned and stop taking multivitamins?

Recent meta-analyses, meaning studies of groups of studies, have suggested no benefit for multivitamins, and even, in some cases, the potential for harm. Should you be concerned and stop taking multivitamins?


In this paper, we consider an analytical curve $\varphi: I=[a,b] \rightarrow \mathrm{M}(n\times n,\mathbb{R})$ with invertible derivative, and will prove that unless $\{(\varphi(s)-\varphi(s_0))^{-1} : s\in I\}$ is contained in some proper affine subspace of $\mathrm{M}(n\times n,\mathbb{R})$ for all $s_0 \in I$ and $s$ in some neighborhood of $s_0$, for almost all points on the curve, the Dirichlet's theorem can not be improved. We prove this result by embedding the curve into the homogeneous space $\mathrm{SL}(2n,\mathbb{R})/\mathrm{SL}(2n,\mathbb{Z})$ and investigate the limit distribution of the curve under some expanding diagonal element. The proof heavily depends on properties of representation of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$.


The disclosed electric tuning microstrip antenna comrises: a microstrip feed line pasted on following substrate, a feed-layer medium substrate, a ferroelectric radiation-layer medium substrate, a metal ground level between last two substrates to both separate and provide a gap to couple the microstrip feed line and radiation substrate, a radiation paster, and a dc feed line to force dc offset voltage between the radiation substrate and ground level. Compared with prior art, this invention reduces loss and cost, and simple on sturcture and technology.


Abstract. A boy was born after a pregnancy complicated by a hydramnios. He appeared to suffer from Banter's syndrome, a disease characterized by hyperreninemia, hyperal‐dosteronism and excess prostaglandin production resulting in hypokalemia, normotension, impaired urine concentration ability, polyuria and renal sodium loss. Other children with Banter's syndrome, and also a different syndrome characterized by polyuria and hydramnios, are reviewed. In the evaluation of gross hydramnios of unknown etiology, Banter's syndrome might also be considered.


Because the value that big integral outran the procedure design language integral type gathers the scope,designing well data structure and appropriate radix begins the important base of the system of the big Integral's calculating accurately.The text studieds it and makes sure by the realy result.


Note first of all the mistake in the review as regards the name of the author, which is Bresson, not Cresson. It is a good book on the economy of the Greek city-states, with in-depth study of data and taking modern economic theory (e.g. institutional economics) into account. One drawback is the lack of knowledge of the non-Greek world, which led to dubious conclusions as to the strength of the economy of the Greek city states.


We respond to the comments by Voigt and Konigsberger regarding our study on phase equilibrium of the K+, Mg2+//Cl–, SO42––H2O quaternary system and its ternary subsystems.


The present invention belongs to the field of display technology, particularly to a dual view display device and a dual-view display method. A dual view display apparatus comprising a display panel, the display panel includes a display screen, the display device further comprises a dual view video stream for providing two video streams, two video streams before entering through the display screen forming source coding processing video signals, the video signal source input to the display screen in the form of single channel. The present invention provides a video stream is the same two video streams, and the driving circuit or may be previously encoded video stream in the reactor, so that cumbersome video signal source transmission is greatly reduced, so that the dual view display device and the structure is more simple.


In various embodiments, on dummy keyboard, the size of button, shape and layout can be determined based on the touch screen contact that user carries out。Furthermore, it is possible to the actual contact area that analysis user carries out is to explain what which contact point was intended to, and it is also conceivable to other factors, such as spelling and context。These factors can be determined based on calibration session and/or based on the continuously input during the operation of keyboard, and be applied to these factors touch screen contact is operated explanation further。


Multiple public relations companies today have gotten extremely good at deceiving customers about the value of their services. In order to make sure your business goes to a company that isn't full of crap and can actually provide you with good PR service, it's crucial to ask, "What is my ROI?" Less-than-reputable PR companies can…


To the Editor.— The essay by Blacher and Levine, "The Language of the Heart" (236:1699, 1976), could well be extended to physicians' failures to communicate appropriately and gently with patients about other organic disorders. A physician's ability to give patients understanding without fear is an essential part of the art of medicine. Terms and ideas about diseases need not always be replaced by euphemisms or coated thickly with sugar, providing the physician avoids jargon (Blacher and Levine cited "cabbage" for coronary artery bypass graft) and supplements difficult words with simple analogies or diagrams. On the latter point, readers are referred to an atlas 1 that is an admirable guide to explanation by the kinds of drawings that any physician can use. I hope the book is still in print.


A series of tetrakis-b-diketonate Q[Ln(b-dik)4], where Ln = Gd or Eu, Q = ammonium cations and b-dik = tta (2-thenoyltrifluoracetone) or bmdm (1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)1,3-propanedione) have been synthesized and characterized. The environment surrounding the Eu ion depends on the lateral groups of the ligand and on the alkyl chains of the counter ion Q. The shortest lifetime (τ) = 0.29 ms, and lowest quantum efficiencies (η) = 24%, were obtained for (N(C12H25)2(CH3)2)[Eu(bmdm)4], while (N(C4H9)4)[Eu(bmdm)4] has the longest τ = 1.04 ms and η = 90%. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Ω2 and Ω4) strongly changes for tta series pointing to stronger ion-dipole interactions between the –CF3 group with the ammonium cations. The agreement between the experimental results of photoluminescence and theoretical data suggests that the geometries optimized by the Sparkle model are correct. These results point to potential candidates for building up Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) luminescent films, since it is possible to maximize the intermolecular interactions and the photoluminescent properties of tetrakis Ln complexes.


A popular emerging approach in deep generative modeling consists of normalizing flows, models that learn a sequence of smooth invertible functions from a simple base distribution to a complex target distribution. One exciting possible application of such models is in the nascent field of Climate Informatics, particularly for mediumto long-term weather prediction. In this paper we conduct the first experiments on the feasibility of reversible deep generative models applied to the task of density estimation of climate data. We find that even the simplest normalizing flow models successfully outperform several baselines and show serious potential for future applications in weather prediction and other aspects of Climate Informatics.


Ascertaining the composing and the sort of macromolecular materials is important in exploitation and study of new macromolecular materials.But parsing the IR is more difficult and intricate process.In this paper ,an introduction was given to solve those problems by using an in miniature expert system developed with computer's language Visual Basic 6.0.When parsing IR,only selecting the wavenumber of the peaks in IR spectrum was needed according to cue.The type of the macromolecular material will be given automatically.


Many multilinear discrete operators are primed for pointwise decomposition; such decompositions give structural information but also an essentially optimal range of bounds. We study the (continuous) slicing method of Jeong and Lee -- which when debuted instantly gave sharp multilinear operator bounds -- in the discrete setting. Via several examples, number theoretic connections, pointed commentary, and a unified theory we hope that this useful technique will lead to further applications. This work generalizes, and was inspired by, the author's work with Palsson on a special case.


In this article,the author trimms the relationship between the Tur uf an and the Ming Dynasty with the aid of the historical documents,and deems that this relationship is conducive to promote the development of the Western Regions and strengthen the ties between the Turufan and the Central Plains.


The motion of relativistic particles in the field produced by two circularly polarised, electromagnetic plane waves travelling in opposite directions is studied. The Klein-Gordon equation is used, i.e. spin effects are neglected, and only motion along the beam direction is considered. If the electromagnetic beam carry opposite polarisation, the particle energy shows a band structure. The transmission of a plane particle wave through a long device is calculated. Transmission occurs only if the particle energy corresponds to an allowed energy band. For other energies the particles are totally reflected. For equal polarisation a similar structure emerges for the particle momentum along the beam direction. The observation of the band structure poses serious experimental problems.


A method of inhibiting chaos photovoltaic power generation system based on DSP, characterized in that it comprises a photovoltaic cell array, DC / DC converting unit DC, DC / AC-AC conversion means, an output LC filter unit, the DC voltage and current detecting means, the driving circuit unit, sampling circuit unit, and the grid current detector, a controller unit chaotic, chaos detection unit, the grid voltage detecting unit, the DSP unit and a control grid; its working method comprising: signal sampling, calculation, state determination, the disturbance is applied, the grid ; its superiority is: ① to improve the quality of electrical energy; ② improve system reliability; ③ simple structure, reliable operation.


We give asymptotic analysis for probability of absorbtion $\mathsf{P}(\tau_0\le T)$ on the interval $[0,T]$, where $ \tau_0=\inf\{t:X_t=0\}$ and $X_t$ is a nonnegative diffusion process relative to Brownian motion $B_t$, dX_t&=\mu X_tdt+\sigma X^\gamma_tdB_t.
X_0&=K>0 Diffusion parameter $\sigma x^\gamma$, $\gamma\in [{1/2},1)$ is not Lipschitz continuous and assures $\mathsf{P}(\tau_0>T)>0$. Our main result: $$ \lim\limits_{K\to\infty} \frac{1}{K^{2(1-\gamma)}}\log\mathsf{P}(\tau_{0}\le T) =-\frac{1}{2\E M^2_T}, $$ where $ M_T=\int_0^T\sigma(1-\gamma)e^{-(1-\gamma)\mu s}dB_s $. Moreover we describe the most likely path to absorbtion of the normed process $\frac{X_t}{K}$ for $K\to\infty$.


Errors of touch localisation after injury to the nerves of the hand are common, and their measurement is of considered importance for evaluating functional recovery. Available empirical accounts have significant methodological limitations, however, and a quantitatively rigorous and detailed description of touch localisation in nerve injury is lacking. Here we develop a new method of measuring touch localisation and evaluate its value for use in nerve injury. Eighteen patients with transection injuries to the median/ulnar nerves and thirty-three healthy controls were examined. The hand was blocked from the participant's view and points were marked on the volar surface using a UV pen. These points served as targets for touch stimulation. Two photographs were taken, one with and one without UV lighting, rendering targets seen and unseen, respectively. The experimenter used the photograph with visible targets to register their locations, and participants reported the felt position of each stimulation on the photograph with unseen targets. The error of localisation and its directional components were measured, separate from misreferrals-errors made across digits, or from a digit to the palm. Nerve injury was found to significantly increase the error of localisation. These effects were specific to the territory of the repaired nerve, and showed considerable variability at the individual level, with some patients showing no evidence of impairment. A few patients also made abnormally high numbers of misreferrals, and the pattern of misreferrals in patients differed from that observed in healthy controls.


Civil libertarians believe that backscatter and millimeter-wave sensing devices in airports are a threat to individual privacy. This article attempts to reconcile the desire for individual rights and the common good through a communitarian philosophy.


In this experimental prospective study (N = 66) conducted at Carle Clinic and Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, and the University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, HF patients (New York Heart Association [NYHA] classes II to IV) were randomized into usual care (UC) (n = 31) and patient-directed DT groups (n = 35). Those in the DT group used a 6-item, 2-page DT protocol to self-adjust their diuretic medication. Btype natriuretic peptide (NT-BNP) and norepinephrine (NE) levels, the 6-minute walk test, and quality of life (QOL) (as measured with the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire [MLHFQ] and Ferrans and Powers's Quality of Life Index [QLI], cardiac version IV) were measured at baseline and 3 months. Emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalization rates, and mortality were measured at 3 months.


The protocol for PCA was variable depending on the year of enrolment as the patients were enrolled in different studies during various time periods. From 2004–2009, they underwent initial ablation with saline solution or ethanol alone (as part of a randomized trial) and from 2009 to 2014 they underwent PCA with ethanol plus paclitaxel (in a prospective cohort study). Thereafter, all patients underwent follow‐up EUS 2–3 months later and during the years 2004–2009, diagnostic EUS was followed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) for cytology and finally an index or second ethanol lavage (depending on initial randomization). Patients enrolled from 2009 to 2014 underwent follow‐up diagnostic EUS, repeat EUS‐FNA for cytology in all patients and molecular analysis (when possible) and finally repeat cyst ablation in patients with an initial suboptimal response. In all patients (regardless of initial ablation regimen), repeat computed tomography (CT), MRI, or EUS was performed 3–6 months later and then yearly.


ABSTRACT This research study mainly aims to propose and measure a framework that statistically evaluates how green organizational culture affects organizational performance. More importantly, it quantitatively analyzed the mediation of green innovation while environmental performance was studied as a moderator, previously unnoticed. A quantitative technique was employed in this research, and data were gathered from one hundred seventy respondents as a sample size. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from industrial and service enterprises from the four Malaysian states. The data collected from the survey was gathered with convenient random sampling. Using the structural equation model (PLS-SEM).


A climatology of nonfreezing drizzle is created using surface observations from 584 stations across the United States and Canada over the 15-yr period 1976–90. Drizzle falls 50–200 h a year in most locations in the eastern United States and Canada, whereas drizzle falls less than 50 h a year in the west, except for coastal Alaska and several western basins. The eastern and western halves of North America are separated by a strong gradient in drizzle frequency along roughly 100°W, as large as about an hour a year over 2 km. Forty percent of the stations have a drizzle maximum from November to January, whereas only 13% of stations have a drizzle maximum from June to August. Drizzle occurrence exhibits a seasonal migration from eastern Canada and the central portion of the Northwest Territories in summer, equatorward to most of the eastern United States and southeast Canada in early winter, to southeastern Texas and the eastern United States in late winter, and back north to eastern Canada in the spring. The diurnal hourly frequency of drizzle across the United States and Canada increases sharply from 0900 to 1200 UTC, followed by a steady decline from 1300 to 2300 UTC. Diurnal drizzle frequency is at a maximum in the early morning, in agreement with other studies. Drizzle occurs during a wide range of atmospheric conditions at the surface. Drizzle has occurred at sea level pressures below 960 hPa and above 1040 hPa. Most drizzle, however, occurs at higher than normal sea level pressure, with more than 64% occurring at a sea level pressure of 1015 hPa or higher. A third of all drizzle falls when the winds are from the northeast quadrant (360°–89°), suggesting that continental drizzle events tend to be found poleward of surface warm fronts and equatorward of cold-sector surface anticyclones. Two-thirds of all drizzle occurs with wind speeds of 2.0–6.9 m s 1 , with 7.6% in calm wind and 5% at wind speeds 10 m s 1 . Most drizzle (61%) occurs with visibilities between 1.5 and 5.0 km, with only about 20% occurring at visibilities less than 1.5 km.


The present invention discloses a method and a terminal function calls an application program, to the field of intelligent terminals, in the prior art for solving the smartphone when the application calls a function of the need to operate multiple hops interface, the implementation process is more complicated question. The method of the present invention comprises: triggering the application icon display terminal interface; generating a display area of the operation display interface; the application program displaying a new message or in the operation of the application display area at least one functional interface. The present invention is applicable to the terminal area, a function call to implement the application.


The purpose of this paper is to establish the importance of approach and representation of information and communication medium for tourist in Zagreb as a tourist destination, also whether and to which extent is such type of communication prevalent with respect to the direct communication with the tourist offer holders and citizens. As part of this paper, a quantitative research was carried out through a questionnaire given to tourists at Zagreb as the tourist destination, in the period between September 2017 to February 2018. The research included tourists who stayed in all city neighbourhoods being part of the tourist organisation of the City of Zagreb, and in total 202 questionnaires were filled out, of which 188 were filled out correctly. The subjects have, among other, assessed the awareness on existing destination contents, the possibility to communicate at the destination and the importance and representation of the information-communication medium. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis have shown that tourists gave a positive opinion on the awareness and possibility to communicate with the offer holders at the destination, while in the assessment of information-communication medium, the availability of Internet in accommodation facilities, restaurants and other food serving facilities as well as cafes and bars turned out to be the most important point. The results of the research have shown the necessity of further rethinking in order to define the communication opportunities offered by a certain destination and the introduction of innovations in the existing communication system.


According to the problems about the crack of top cage of plunger,we analyze the structure,material,pressure and other factors which cause the crack of top cage of plunger,then list several methods to prevent the crack and produce positive direction function.


In the crystal, dimeric C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect pairs of cations, producing two (6) ring motifs parallel to the (001) plane. Intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen connections connect the cations and anions, producing a three-dimensional network.


Virtually all immunoglobulins contain significant amounts of carbohydrates with a considerable quantitative and qualitative variation, even among molecules from the same species and class. This study was focused on the carbohydrate composition of buffalo colostrum, milk and blood serum and on heat-treated milk immunoglobulins (Igs). The gross composition (total solids, total protein, fat and ash) of buffalo colostrum and milk after parturition up to the end of 2 weeks p.p. were determined by HPLC technique. Sialic acid, fucose, mannose and hexose were found to be the main constituents of saccharides.; concentration of saccharides decreased in this period. Concentration of sialic acid and fucose of buffalo blood serum Igs increased after 12 h, while hexose content decreased after day 2 and 15 p.p. (1.04 and 0.86 g/100 g protein, respectively). In heated immunoglobulins, hexose content decreased with increasing temperature, whereas mannose concentration increased at 80° C/15 s compared to control sample. Fucose concentration increased with boiling or sterilization processes. It could be concluded that the carbohydrate content of immunoglobulins in buffalo colostrum was higher than in blood serum. Maximum differences were observed in sialic acid (6 fold) and fucose (1.5 fold) after 12 h.


FIELD: textile. SUBSTANCE: press cloth preventing inverse water transfer can be applied in paper and board machines. The cloth includes a barrier layer of such construction, that when cloth is squeezed in the compression zone of roller press the water is forced out through the barrier layer, which prevents inverse water transfer to the paper panel by the consequent cloth expansion. Barrier layer consists of a solid material with square, tetrahedral, round or oblong cone formations with throat size at the bottom surface of cloth structure smaller than throat size at the upper surface. Each 'cone' is a kind of one-way valve which creates underpressure preventing inverse absorption of water by the paper sheet. Under pressure barrier layer structure enables water flow into the cones and out from the smaller orifices at the bottom of each cone. As soon as the cloth expands, inverse water flow is reduced due to existence of orifices with smaller throat at the bottom of each cone in the structure, and underpressure builds up at the other side of the cloth. EFFECT: improved water retention within press cloth, prevented repeated dampening of paper sheet. 18 cl, 4 dwg


Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive process resulting from an increase of activity or functional overload, produced by volume or pressure overload. Then, this process can be triggered by increased metabolic needs, such as during physical exercise, or in response to pathological conditions like hypertension, cardiac valvular disease, myocardial infarction, etc. In this work the authors revised different kinds of hypertrophy and the adaptive changes which


We review eight and prove an additional 13 necessary and sufficient conditions for a convex quadrilateral to be a trapezoid. One aim for this paper is to show that many of the known properties of trapezoids are in fact characterizations.


Over the past few years three cases of transanal perforation of the rectum in childhood have been brought to our attention. Two of these cases succumbed, with the lack of diagnosis both before and during surgery of prime importance. So obscure were the sites of perforation (even at autopsy) in all of these cases that it seemed expedient to emphasize this type accident and to suggest diagnostic maneuvers that might prove helpful during an otherwise frustrating exploratory operation. Report of Cases* Case1.—Two-day-old girl. Admitted Aug. 13, 1953; died Aug. 14, 1953. History: At end of a normal first day of life this 2270-gm. (5-lb.) baby was found in "shock," with evidence of bilious vomiting. Meconium stools had been passed. Physical examination revealed a critically ill cyanotic infant with a distended quiet abdomen. X-rays showed air under the diaphragm. Treatment: I. V. and antibiotic therapy was followed by an unrewarding


In this paper, a method to construct an analytic-numerical solution for homogeneous parabolic coupled systems with homogeneous boundary conditions of the type ut = Auxx, A1u(o,t) + B1ux(o,t) = 0, A2u(1,t) + B2ux(1,t) = 0, ot>0, u (x,0) = f(x), where A is a positive stable matrix and A1, B1, B1, B2,   are arbitrary matrices for which the block matrix is non-singular, is proposed.


The following acknowledgment should have appeared: We gratefully acknowledge all of the teachers and students who participated in this project, and the skilled oversight of project coordinator, Sueanne Sluis. Additionally, the following funding acknowledgement should have appeared: This work was supported by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), U.S. Department of Education, Grant #R305A130700. Any opinions, findings, and recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute of Education Sciences.


The Cultural Transmission of Spatial Cognition: Evidence from a Large-scale Study Jurgen Bohnemeyer 1 (email@example.com), Katharine T. Donelson 1 , Randi E. Tucker 1 , Elena Benedicto 2 , Alejandra Capistran Garza 3 , Alyson Eggleston 4 , Nestor Hernandez Green 5 , Maria de Jesus Selene Hernandez Gomez 6 , Samuel Herrera Castro 8 , Carolyn K. O'Meara 7 , Enrique Palancar 9 , Gabriela Perez Baez 10 , Gilles Polian 11 , Rodrigo Romero Mendez 7 Department of Linguistics, University at Buffalo Department of Linguistics, Purdue University Departamento de Filosofia de la Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa Department of English, East Carolina University Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social – Distrito Federal Instituto de Investigaciones Antropologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Centro de Estudios Linguisticos y Literarios. Facultad de Lenguas y Letras, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indigenas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Abstract School of English and Languages, University of Surrey Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social – Sureste Wassmann & Dasen, 1998; Mishra, Dasen & Niraula, 2003; Haun et al., 2011; inter alia) has given rise to two competing interpretations. The use of particular frame types may be acquired, and speech, along with other forms of observable behavior, may play a role in its cultural transmission (Levinson, 2003; Majid et al., 2004; Le Guen, 2011). Alternatively, the use of all major frame types may be innately available population-independently and usage preferences in both discourse and nonlinguistic cognition reflect shallow, readily mutable ontogenetic adaptations to factors of topography, population geography, literacy, and education (Li & Gleitman, 2002; Li et al., 2011). To test these competing hypotheses, we studied the use of reference frames in discourse and recall memory in members of 11 populations: speakers of six Mesoamerican languages, two non-Mesoamerican indigenous languages, and three varieties of Spanish, the dominant contact language spoken in the same geographic region. These studies apply designs to the largest number of populations targeted in a single study of this nature to date that are similar in kind to what has become standard in this line of inquiry. A more important innovation, however, is the use of mixed-models linear regression analysis to discern which factors predict an individual participant's behavior. We present the results of two studies of the use of spatial reference frames in speakers of 11 linguistic varieties. A series of mixed-models linear regression analyses of the responses to a referential communication task shows the significant factors in predicting frame use to be the participants' first and second-language, their literacy, the local topography and population density. This suggests that language can play an irreducible role in the transmission of practices of spatial reference and that such practices may be diffused through language contact. However, in a recall memory experiment, only speakers of varieties with an egocentric linguistic bias preferred egocentric responses. Both speakers of languages with a geocentric bias and speakers of varieties without a clear bias preferred geocentric responses. This unexpected finding is in line with a hypothetical mild innate pan-simian bias for geocentric cognition, which can be superseded by a learned egocentric bias. Keywords: Linguistic relativity; spatial cognition; field studies; statistics. Introduction We present a large-scale investigation of the use of spatial reference frames in language and nonlinguistic cognition in speakers of 11 linguistic varieties of Mexico, Nicaragua, and Spain. Spatial reference frames are coordinate systems used to identify regions and directions in space. The axes of the coordinate system may be modeled after those of the body of an observer (egocentric frames), a reference entity (allocentric intrinsic frames), or some environmental entity or feature (allocentric extrinsic = geocentric frames). The demonstration of a robust alignment between population-specific preferences in the use of spatial reference frames for small-scale space in discourse and recall memory (Levinson, 1996, 2003; Pederson et al., 1998; Frame use in discourse: Ball & Chair We conducted a referential communication task (Clark & Wilkes-Gibbs, 1990) to assess the use of reference frames in discourse by members of the 11 populations. Materials and method The Ball and Chair (B&C) task is a photo-matching game consisting of four sets of 12 photos depicting a ball and


Water-logged areas of wetland paddy systems must be drained in the shortest time to initiate seed bed preparation. The short time for seed bed preparation demands the adoption of low head-high discharge pumps for draining the field. A typical example of a water-logged wetland paddy system is the Kole lands lying in the Thrissur and Malappuram districts. Dewatering from these fields is mainly done by 'petty and para' pump, a locally made crude form of axial flow propeller pump. The petty and para pump has very low overall efficiency and requires significant installation cost and maintenance cost. Thus, as an alternative to this pump, modern axial flow pumps such as vertical submersible and vertical turbine type are gradually replacing them. At the same time, this replacement operations are capital intensive. Hence, it is necessary to assess the hydraulic and economic performance of the modern pump sets with the traditional one. Therefore, this study was conducted on the axial flow pumps in operation in the Kole lands of Thrissur District in Kerala, India, during the year 2020-2022. Performance evaluation of 50 hp petty and para pump, vertical submersible pump and vertical propeller pump was done through field pumping test and the economic analysis was carried out by considering the capital costs, operation and maintenance costs and the benefits derived from the paddy cultivation. The study revealed that overall efficiency of 50 hp petty and para pump varied from 18.51 to 22.64 percent, with a mean of 20.58 percent. In the case of vertical submersible pump, the same varied from 54.46 to 60.48 percent with a mean of 57.47 percent and in the case of propeller pump it ranged from 42.67 to 50.69 percent with a mean of 46.68 percent. It is evident that vertical submersible pump has the highest Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Worth (NPW), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and the lowest Payback Period (PP) and pumping costs among the three 50 hp axial flow pumps.


Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease often leading to a decrease in somatic control. Studies have shown high co-morbidity between MS and osteoporosis, a disease classified by low bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis can lead to bone fractures, especially after falls, and patients with MS are also known to be at an increased risk for falling. It is important to identify changes in BMD in patients with MS, especially in areas where increased fractures are seen, such as the femoral head (FH) and the 7 th and 8 th thoracic vertebrae (T7 and T8). Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography (CT) we can quantify the glucose metabolism of bones and measure BMD based on Hounsfield Units (HU). Purpose: To determine differences in BMD and glucose metabolism of common fracture sites between patients with MS and healthy controls (CON). Methods:8 patients with MS and 8 health controls (CON) walked on a treadmill for 15 minutes at a self-selected speed. During walking participants were injected with the PET glucose analog tracer [ 18 F]-FDG. After completion of the walking a full body PET/CT scan was performed. Regions of interest (ROI) for the FH, T7,and T8vertebraewere then identified on CT images and fused with the corresponding PET images for quantification of FDG standard uptake values (SUV). Results: Mean HU of the MS FH was 9% lower than CON (356 ± 44, 391 ± 29, P = 0.01). Differences were also detected between the MS and CON groups in the T7 and T8 vertebral bodies (T7: 196 ± 34, 249 ± 34, P = 0.008; T8: 184 ± 36, 242 ± 38 P=0.009), showing ≈23% lower mean HU. SUV in the FH of MS was greater than CON (1.05 ± 0.22, 0.73, ± 0.32, P = 0.004). No differences in SUV were detected between MS and CON vertebral bodies (1.72 ± 0.44, 1.87 ± 0.23, P = 0.24) Discussion: Our findings indicated lower BMD in patients with MS in each ROI when compared to CON. The difference in the FH was less than the difference in the vertebrae. After walking, patients with MS had higher FH SUVs than CON. This suggests the increased activity may be leading to increased BMD in the FH in patients with MS versus their vertebrae. Physical activity may help to prevent lower BMD in areas that are loaded. Rehabilitation strategies that increase loading to bones of all common fracture sites may improve BMD in patients with MS. Category: A Mentor: T Rudroff, PhD THE EFFECTS OF CREATINE INCUBATION ON DOXORUBUICIN-INDUCED MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION. Bredahl E, and D Hydock. Email: email@example.com Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy treatment that has been associated with a number of deleterious side effects including skeletal muscle dysfunction. In addition to DOX being associated with increased oxidative stress, it also places a significant burden on the mitochondria which compromises the cell's ability to produce ATP. Creatine (Cr), however, has been shown to have antioxidant properties as well as the potential to provide an increased rate of ATP production. Together, these benefits of Cr supplementation could potentially provide some relief to the detrimental skeletal muscle side effects of DOX treatment. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of Cr pretreatment on DOX-induced skeletal muscle fatigue. METHODS: Soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from male Sprague-Dawley rats were excised from and incubated ex vivo with either Krebs buffer (K) or Krebs buffer containing Cr (25 mM) for 30 minutes. The buffers were then refreshed with either new K or Krebs buffer containing DOX (25 μM) for 30 minutes. Muscles were supplied with new Krebs buffer and subjected to a 100 second fatigue protocol. Force production was recorded every 10 seconds throughout the protocol in order to analyze fatigue. RESULTS: In the SOL, a significant decline in force production from baseline (0 s) was observed at 70 s for K+K, 70 s for Cr+K, 30 s for K+DOX, and 30 s for Cr+DOX(p<0.05) suggesting that Cr pretreatment did not protect against DOX-induced muscle fatigue. However, in the EDL, a significant decline in force production from baseline (0 s) was observed at 60 s for K+K, 80 s for Cr+K, 20 s for K+DOX, and 40 s for Cr+DOX (p<0.05) indicating some form of Cr-induced protection against DOX fatigue. CONCLUSION: Ex vivo Cr pretreatment prior to DOX incubation attenuated DOX-induced fatigue in the EDL but not the SOL suggesting that Cr administration may play a role in managing DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction by providing protection in type II skeletal muscle. Category A Mentor: D Hydock, PhD THE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN A BRAIN CANCER SURVIVOR: A CASE STUDY Brennecke, AP, BM Peterson, CN Beebe, J Medrano, R McPhee, JM Brown, DYK Shackelford, and R Hayward Email:firstname.lastname@example.com Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO. INTRODUCTION: As many as 75% of cancer survivors have reported experiencing chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) which may negatively affect multiple aspects of cognitive function. Some side effects of CRCI may include: cognitive inability, linguistic difficulty, decreased reaction times, impaired memory and concentration, and decreased ability to maintain activities of daily living. Most unsettling is that CRCI has been reported to persist long after completion of treatment and may affect patients with brain cancer more severely. Independently, interventions of cognitive and exercise training have resulted in increases in functional capacity and improvements in various measures of cognitive function. However, to our knowledge there are no studies being conducted that have examined the effects of an aerobic training intervention on cognitive function in brain cancer survivors. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a 12week aerobic intervention on cognitive function in a brain cancer survivor. METHODS:A 44 year old female diagnosed with anaplastic oligodendroglioma presenting with a left-frontal craniotomy, chemotherapy, and radiation was included in this case study. A comprehensive physical assessment and cognitive assessment were completed pre and post 12-week intervention. RESULTS: Pre to post improvements were observed in 11 of the 15 (73%) cognitive assessment variables. CONCLUSION: Cancer treatment-related side effects can lead to decreases in cognitive function for survivors having undergone surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for brain cancer. The results of this case study demonstrate the importance of aerobic exercise in attenuating decrements in cognitive function in cancer survivors following adjuvant treatment. Category A Mentor: R Hayward, PhD HOW ACTIVE ARE ADULTS? AN APPLICATION OF PUBLISHED GENEACTIV ACCELEROMETER CUTPOINTS. H Bridgewater, E Strutz, C Schaefer, S Smith, B Lohse, L Cunningham-Sabo, R Browning Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Health and Exercise Science College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Although adult-specific cut points for the GENEActiv accelerometer (ACC) have been established in a laboratory setting, these cut points have yet to be applied to free-living datasets. PURPOSE: To apply published laboratory-based cut points for the wrist-mounted GENEActiv ACC to a multi-day sample of adult data. METHODS: We recorded seven-days of free-living ACC data (75 Hz) from parents of fourth grade children who were participating in the USDA-funded Fuel for Fun study. Fuel for Fun is a schooland family-based obesity prevention effort that utilizes experiential cooking and tasting curricula as well as active recess lessons within the school environment. For the present analyses, we considered baseline data from a sample of 37 parents. Using a customized Matlab program, parent data were summed over 60 seconds to create a single acceleration value for each minute. We then applied published GENEActiv cut points to determine the amount of time parents spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the sampled weekdays and weekend days (5am-12am) as well as during discrete intervals of the weekday, including morning (5am-8am), day (8am-5pm), evening (5pm-10pm), and late evening (10pm-12am). RESULTS: Parents spent a mean of 10.27% (117.0 min, SEM=10.4 min) of the weekday and 9.96% (113.4 min, SEM=10.1 min) of weekend days engaged in MVPA, but little of this activity was vigorous in nature on either weekdays (4.7 min, SEM=1.3 min) or weekend days (3.3 min, SEM=1.4 min).During the weekday, 11.5%, 60.0%, 25.5%, and 3.0% of total MVPA was accumulated during the morning, day, evening, and late evening, respectively. Mean rate of MVPA accumulation (min/hr) was 4.5, 7.8, 6.0, and 1.8 for morning, day, evening, late evening, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that when applying laboratory-derived GENEActiv cut points, adults are engaged in a greater amount of daily MVPA than previously reported, with a majority accumulated during traditional working hours. However, very little of this activity is vigorous in nature. Future work should explore other intensity classification techniques to determine if laboratory-based cut points provide the best representation of adult physical activity. Category A Mentor: R Browning, PhD EFFICACY OF SELF-MYOFASCIAL RELEASE INTERVENTION ON RECOVERY BETWEEN ACUTE, MAXIMAL BOUTS OF EXERCISE: A PILOT STUDY Denherder, AE and SNDrum, FACSM. Email: email@example.com College of Health Sciences and Professional Studies; School of Health and Human Performance; Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI Myofascial release (MFR) interventions, such as massage or foam roller (FR) use, have been shown to be effective or better vs. standard, active recovery when observing blood lactate (BLa)


Reading a seafarer's travelogue that circulates today in Urdu and English, this chapter examines seven of Khawajah Muhammad Bux's voyages. Beginning his life as a lascar at the bottom of the racial hierarchy of a British ship, Bux was a wealthy merchant by the end of his days in 1920s Lahore. He recounted a lengthy family history to his scribe that was published recently in Urdu as Lahore Ka Sindbad (Sindbad of Lahore), and as 'Memoirs of Khawajah Muhammad Bux' in English. Placing the text within a wider world of Indian Ocean circulations of narratives, I examine the path the text lays out for future generations of South Asians crossing the seas.


I am a Christian theologian from South Korea. When I think about Christianity in human history, it has been one of the most exclusivistic religions, and we have this record of crusades, witch hunts, colonization in the name of God, and imperialistic Western expansion in the name of Christianity. So, I come with my historical burden, but here I want to talk about pluralism, specifically from the perspective of Korean Protestant women. When I was a young feminist in my twenties, I saw a T-shirt that grabbed my attention. It read, "Women who want to be equal to men lack ambition." I felt how true that was. Throughout an my participation in various peoples movements, such as the Anti-colonization Nationalist movement, the Democratization movement, and the Labor movement in Korea, I felt in my bones that, indeed, women are the last colony. Following Virginia Woolfs words, "As a woman, I don't have a country," I want to add that, as a woman, I do not want a country. As a woman, the whole world is my country. When I heard about the topic for this occasion, the first thing that came up in my mind was that T-shirt I saw when I was twenty. Now, as a forty-year old Asian, postmodern, eco-feminist, liberation-feminist theologian, I would like to say that people who want religious pluralism in church and society lack ambition. Following the debates on pluralism in academia, the church, and society, I have been disappointed, because calling for pluralism still seems to remain at the "minimum level of tolerance for the differences." Of course, that is important. After witnessing painful conflicts in Northern Ireland, Bosnia, and India and the burning of churches in the South here and the burning of temples in Korea, I know how important it is to have a minimum level of tolerance such as not to kill or violate other human beings in the name of God or in the name of the Holy. I am, however, unsatisfied when I listen to the importance of pluralism, diversity, multiculturalism, and cross-cultural understanding of academia, church, and society in the U.S.A, because their emphasis on pluralism, diversity, and multiculturalism is establishing soft, not hard, pluralism, diversity, and multiculturalism. Soft pluralism or multiculturalism means we welcome ethnic food, ethnic clothing, ethnic music. You can have a Chinese breakfast, Italian lunch, and French dinner, but do not touch our political or economic power. You can also contribute in these soft areas, but we are for the capitalist globalization, Coca-colonization, CNN-ization of the world, so we do not have any willingness to share this kind of power. We do not want to have respect for differences in this area. Therefore, soft pluralism does not deal with serious economic and political power or differences. I call it lazy, selfish, immoral pluralism. Without dealing with this lazy pluralism in politicoeconomic justice, I do not know whether we can have religious pluralism in religion or vice versa. Therefore, I do not like the common usage of "pluralism." I think that we have to go beyond pluralism. We need an interdependent, interpenetrating, powersharing, mutual transformation for our common survival and liberation and for the sustainable earth community. The organizers of this panel asked me to provide a justification of pluralism within my religious tradition. After being forced to justify my mere existence as an Asian intellectual woman for so many years, I do not want to use up my precious time for another sort of justification. Rather, I want to say, "I am who I am, and religious pluralism is what it is." It is a fact. Look at the world; there are thousands of different religions, thousands of different manifestations of Christianities in Asia, Africa, and the Latin Americas. Whether you like it or not, they are there. However, I want to pinpoint some theological foundations that are open to religious pluralism and move to my ambition of going beyond religious pluralism. …


A new terrestrial species of Gymnopilus, G. terricola, is proposed. G. bryophilus, previously known only from Jamaica, is recorded for first time from India, and G. dilepis is recorded from a new locality.


In recent work, a new cosmological paradigm implied a mass-radius relation, suggesting a universal tension re- lated to the background dark energy (cosmological constant), leading to an energy per unit area that holds for structures from atomic nuclei to clusters of galaxies. Here we explore some of the consequences that arise from such a universal ten- sion.


Objective:To explore the value of nopreumoperitoneum laparoscpic myomectomy.Methods:From June 2005 to May 2006,forty-eight patients were divided into two groups:the nonpneumoperitoneum laparoscopy group 18 patients and the pneumoperitoneum laparoscopy group(30 patients).The clinical data of all patients were analysed retrospectively.Results:All the patients were treated by laparoscopic operation and no cases was converted to open myomectomy.The diameter of the biggest hysteromyoma and its number were positively correlated with operative time and blood loss.The average operative time of nonpneumoperitoneum and pneumoperitoneum were(129±31)min and(109±27)min respectively,there were signiticant difference botween two groups(P0.05),but not in the bleeding loss.Conclusions:Laparoscopic myomectomy is safe and feasible.


Jakarta as a megacity, has many roles in the distribution of PM2.5 pollutant concentrations, especially from the activities of vehicle users. This research estimates daily PM2.5 concentration from January to June 2018 at two points, each in the South Jakarta and Central Jakarta based on the principal components regression from daily averaged air temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and surface wind speed. We retained the first three in principal components to account for over 90% of the variance in the climatological variables. The results show the daily concentration of PM2.5 in South Jakarta has the highest correlation coefficient of 0.32 in March 2018 with a p-value of 0.079 and MAE value of 10.28. Meanwhile, Central Jakarta has the highest correlation coefficient of 0.46 calculated from daily PM2.5 estimation in January 2018 with a p-value of 0.013 and MAE value of 8.27. Based on verification results at the two observation points from January to June 2018, it can be concluded that the estimation of the daily PM2.5 concentration based on the principal component regression method in the South Jakarta showed slightly better than in South Jakarta.


In this letter, we describe the stabilization of indium antimonide (InSb) in the high-pressure orthorhombic phase (InSb-III) at ambient conditions. Until now, InSb-III has only been observed above 9 GPa, or at around 3 GPa as a metastable structure during the phase transition from cubic zinc blende (InSb-I) to orthorhombic InSb-IV. The crystalline phase transition from InSb-I to InSb-III was driven by an ultrashort, laser-generated, non-hydrostatic pressure pulse. The transition occurred in preferred orientations locked to the initial orientation of the InSb-I crystal, breaking the symmetry of the InSb-I cubic cell to form the InSb-III orthorhombic cell.


In 1969, James L. Massey and the author expressed the conviction that an interdisciplinary approach to the theories of automatic control and of error-correcting codes could, because of common algebraic content, result in advances in each field at that time. They pointed out that the cross-contributions promised to come from the unified study of the relatively general and abstract viewpoint of control and of the specific and intricate techniques of coding. Having spent about eighteen months doing preliminary studies, the authors had found evidence of interdisciplinary interest on the part, of groups specializing in adaptive processes, switching and automata theory, coding theory, information theory, circuit and system theory, and automatic control theory, together with an interest by electrical engineers in general. Encouraged by the interest and the preliminary results, Massey and Sain proposed formal investigations of this interdisciplinary frontier, to formulate problems in coding as general problems in dynamical system theory, to formulate problems in control as problems in coding theory, to determine thereby new solutions and techniques in both areas, to establish the significance of these solutions and techniques, to subsequently merge known results in coding and control theories, and to isolate during the progress of the work any basic differences between the two areas. Looking back upon those early goals, it is certainly true that some of them have seen a great deal of progress over the years, and others are yet today in progress. The primary goal of this paper is to discuss the early results; and the focus is placed upon the first five years.


The search for a harmonious and balanced face grows more and more and the demand for aesthetic treatments increases in the same proportion. Procedures that use hyaluronic acid as a filling material have high acceptance and rapid postoperative recovery, bringing excellent results. This article reports the clinical case of a young male patient, Pattern II, according Capelozza, due to mandibular retrognathism, whose main complaint was the recessed position of the chin. Restructuring with highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid in the affected region has been suggested. The remodeling of the chin together with its increase in volume through the application of hyaluronic acid was able to significantly improve the profile and the complaint-neckline of the patient.


This paper describes nongrounded common-mode equivalent circuit for a motor driven by a voltage-source PWM inverter. When the capacitance of the rotor was small, the phenomenon that polarity of the common mode voltage and shaft voltage reversed was observed. In order to model this phenomenon, the bridge type equivalent circuit is proposed. It is verified with the calculation and experiment that shaft voltage values and polarity are accurately calculated with the proposed equivalent circuit.


The IR and NMR studies on the conformations of several 8- and 10-methyl-substituted 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cycloocta[de]naphthalenes (cis-8,10-dimethyl (3a), trans-8,10-dimethyl (4a), 8,8-dimethyl (5a), 8,8,10-trimethyl (6a), and 8,8,10,10-tetramethyl (7a)) and their 9-oxo derivatives (3b–7b) have been described. It was found that compounds 3–7 exist exclusively in a boat conformation in the ground state, the peri ring of which is somewhat distorted (puckered) as a result of the steric repulsion between the interior benzyl protons; the molecules of 3a and 3b are rather strongly puckered, while those of 7a and 7b exist in a less puckered form than the conformations of the other methylated compounds. In the latter case, a novel type of the reflex effect was found arising from the 1,3-synaxial CH3–CH3 steric interaction and the interior benzyl H–H interaction. Moreover, it was revealed that free energy barriers (ΔG\ewq) to boat inversion for compounds 5a, 5b, 7a, and 7b are markedly increased (ΔΔG\ewq=4.8–5...


By 2011, the U.S. Latina/o population had achieved a key milestone in higher education, becoming the largest racial/ethnic minority group on U.S. college campuses. In the past 20 years, research studies on student success have increasingly focused on the Latina/o student population, particularly at predominantly White institutions. Among the many factors related to college success, ethnic cultural centers have emerged recently as an underexamined but potentially influential aspect of the college experience for students of color. Using a student success conceptual framework, this case study examined the role of an ethnic cultural center in the experience of Latina/o students at a predominantly White institution located in the Midwest. The research site was the Latino Native American Cultural Center (LNACC) located at the University of Iowa. The study was guided by three psychosocio concepts: sense of belonging, thriving, and validation. Eleven undergraduate Latina/o students and six university staff members participated in a series of interviews during a 6month period. Data collection also included site observations and document analysis. Five key themes emerged from the study: (a) getting connected, (b) the LNACC "vibe," (c) LNACC as anchor and launching pad, (d) Latina/o presence on campus, and (e) neutral, sacred, and (con)tested space. The first theme, getting connected, provides an understanding of the multiple ways in which the student participants were able to get connected to the LNACC. The second theme, the LNACC "vibe," illuminates how students made meaning of their experiences at the LNACC, a space that many of the participants referred to as having a unique "vibe" or essence. The LNACC as anchor or launching pad


Doped oxide nanocrystals hold promise for a wide variety of applications if dopant-induced properties can be appropriately harnessed. However, synthesis of doped nanocrystals with precise control over composition and structure presents a significant challenge. With traditional thermal decomposition synthetic methods, nanocrystal composition is hard to control due to the differing reactivities of dopant and host precursors. Under decomposition conditions, the variety of dopant atoms that can be introduced is limited, and the efficacy of dopant atom incorporation is variable. Here, we show the slow-addition of metal oleates into hot, long-chain alcohol permits >90% dopant incorporation efficacy for a variety of first-row transition-metal dopants into an In2O3 lattice at dopant concentrations up to 20 atom %. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that dopants are distributed throughout the nanocrystal. Elemental composition analysis, shifts and intensity changes in the X-ray diffraction peaks, ...


This study examined two social factors thought to mediate the beneficial consequences of peer conflict. One was the social relationship between the peers, namely best friend or lukewarm friend. The second was the evaluation of self and partner after performing on the task. Children performed on two tasks: one was an ethnic preference task and the second was a measure of their understanding of multiple emotions. After each, they were given fictitious information about their partner's discrepant judgements, and asked to evaluate the two performances, and then retested for changes to their judgement. The first hypothesis was that a best friend's performance would be evaluated more highly than a lukewarm friend's. The second hypothesis was that evaluation of own judgements would be lower after disagreement with a best friend than a lukewarm friend. The third hypothesis was that judgement changes would be correlated with evaluations. The three hypotheses were confirmed differentially, depending on the task. Results were discussed in terms of the link between interpersonal and intrapersonal conflict.


Resources consumption is closely related with the process of industrialization, and GDP or GDP per capita can be used to weigh the process of industrialization for a country. The historical variations of copper consumption per unit GDP (T) in China and USA were analyzed in this paper. Taking fives years as a time-span, the variation of copper consumption per unit GDP in China didn't form obvious up or down trend from 1960 to 2005. But the copper consumption per unit GDP in USA decreased as a whole from 1929 to 2005, and the values of copper consumption per unit GDP persisted at a high level in the period of 1920-1940 in last century, but the values of copper consumption per unit GDP decreased on the whole since 1941, copper consumption per unit GDP decreased 81 percent. Some formulas reflecting the relationships between the indexes copper consumption and GDP were derived from IPAT equation, and the annual growth rate of GDP (g) and annual decreasing rate of copper consumption per unit GDP (t) are two key parameters influencing copper consumption. On the different assumptions of annual decreasing rate of copper consumption per unit GDP, the relationships between economic growth and copper consumption in China were demonstrated, and from which the increasing times of GDP per unit copper consumption in the future for China were estimated. Some measures of decreasing copper consumption were given. The relative curves of copper consumption and GDP, copper consumption per capita and GDP per capita in the process of industrialization for China and USA were given. The developing process in USA has demonstrated that the economic growth and copper consumption was closely related, and some rules of copper consumption in the industrialization process are deduced from the analysis.


Space exploration requires an effective means of biofilm control for water reclamation systems that minimizes use of non-recyclable chemicals (such as iodine and antibiotics) and does not contaminate water in the water treatment system. Uncontrolled biofilm growth due to ineffective mitigation has been the cause of water reclamation system failures both on the Russian Mir Space Station and on the International Space Station, as well as corrosion problems in thermal systems. The challenge of biofilm migration mainly comes from: its matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, in which biofilm organisms embed themselves, inhabiting bacterium in biofilm treated by chemical and mechanical stresses. The goal of the project is to develop a new biofilm mitigation approach using targeted liposomes, which encapsulate an anti-microbial chemical agent, assisted by ultrasound to enhance mixing and attachment rate of the liposomes to the bacterial colonies within the biofilm. In this presentation, we will present som...


Positive or negative contrast media, as well as a combination of the two, may be employed in the examination of the menisci of the knee-joint. In comparisons of arthrographic and operative findings the per centage of errors varies widely in different reports. SEVASTIKOGLOU (1954), who used a positive contrast medium, had 42.4 per cent of errors, whilst LINDBLOM (1948) had only 5 per cent. In the series of cases reported by BÖHLEB, (1943) 15 to 20 per cent had been erroneously diagnosed by pneumoarthrography, whilst SACHS et coll. (1950) reported 13.5 and ARCHIMBAUD (1953) only 2.9 per cent of errors. OGGIONI (1949) had poor results by both these methods, the percentage of errors being 87.5. The technique and interpretation of the films is difficult and it seems tha t the percentage of correct diagnoses is high among authors with an extensive material and hence obviously a great deal of experience. This experience can only be acquired in large special hospitals, particularly as clinicians probably request arthrographies only from roentgenologists who have mastered the technique.


The utility model relates to a portable vibration rating device for measuring the vibration in low-frequency. The utility model is characterized in that a direct current servo motor is adopted; the direct current servo motor adopts a thyristor speed regulate circuit to regulate the speed; a potentiometer is a logarithmic line type potentiometer or a multiturn potentiometer with a pointer; a sensor is an acceleration sensor; the lower end of the measuring bar (1) of the calibration table of the acceleration sensor is inlaid with a steel ball (7), and the upper end of the calibration table of the acceleration sensor is fixed with a mounting table face (4); a spring (3) is arranged onthe convex seat of the measuring bar (1); the exterior of the spring (3) is provided with a fixing sleeve (2). The utility model has the advantages of low frequency response, large vibration amplitude range, examination by calibrating the acceleration sensor, and convenient portability, and is suitable for the low frequency vibration on-site calibration of the hydroelectric industry and the electromechanical industry.


We present a simple derivation of the WKB quantisation condition using the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism and propose an exact quantisation condition within this formalism for integrable models in higher dimensions.


Excerpt Ovarian carcinoma is the third most common malignancy arising from the female genital tract, and the one least amenable to successful treatment.1, 2The tumor is notoriously "silent." Its di...


Management of biodiversity takes into consideration the plurality of knowledge systems. Application of scientific research and local knowledge contributes both to the equity, opportunity, security and empowerment of local communities as well as sustainability of the natural resources. Top-down fortress conservation has been the preferred conservation strategy and practice for much of the twentieth century. From the 1970s onwards, the top-down preservationist management approach had to be supplanted by a more bottom-up, inclusive and participatory sustainable-use narrative. Bioregionalism, global environmental governance and the establishment of Trans-frontier conservation areas surpass the nation-state as the ultimate organizational unit and regard international boundaries as 'unnatural.' All these aim at Integrative conservation. 'Hijacked conservation,' an outcome of the recent international emphasis on security, paradoxically has led to a re-emphasis on borders, making the implementation of trans-frontier and bioregional conservation approaches strikingly more difficult. To realize future management objectives it is then truly necessary that new strategies and policies incorporate these dynamics and adopt the fusion of several different approaches.


Based on the analysis of linear regression and differential equation as the starting point, this paper analyzes the monitoring data and influence factors of the indoor PM2.5 concentrations, the PM2.5 concentration prediction model is established for the natural ventilation room. Although the model ignores some influence factors during the establishment, there is a certain gap between the forecast value and the actual value, but the predictive values show that the model can well reflect the daily variation of PM2.5 concentration in natural ventilation room, it can judge the indoor PM2.5 pollution level, and by comparing the two models, it is proved that the predictive value of the differential equation model has better prediction effect.


Two case studies are presented describing the use of response-contingent taste-aversion procedures to treat chronic ruminative vomiting of profoundly retarded children. Each treatment programme was designed to be carried out by para-professional staff in an institutional setting. Each programme eliminated rumination, with effects maintained one to nine months following treatment. For one subject who exhibited major weight-loss prior to intervention, substantial weight-gain was also demonstrated.