In order to estimate the life of 2,5 inch HDD which is adopted by PC environment, make the test plan which reflect the failure mode of market, make the test model of accelerated life test which reflect the stress of temperature. after an analysis of the environment of PC using, test procedure was decided that operation was write 50 % and read 50 %, and then access method was sequential 50 % and random 50%. The acceleration life test was executed on condition that temperature was and , performance was 95 % in max performance, test time was 1000 hours. by the test of goodness of fit of anderson-darling of the failure data during test, it was confirmed that the distribution of failure fellow weibull. test for shape and scale was equal, and shape parameter was 0.7177, characteristic life was 429434 hours at normal user condition() by the analysis of weibull-arrhenius modeling. It made no difference about the statistics when equality test was executed. The activation energy was 0.2775eV. In analyzing between the failure samples of acceleration test and the samples of market return even though there is detail difference about the share of failure mode, the rank of share was almost same. This study suggest the test procedure of acceleration test of 2.5 inch HDD in PC using environment, and help the life estimation at manufacture and user.


Abstract:The term nothingarian suggests an under-studied presence in the history of the early republic: the religiously unaffiliated. Scholars routinely mention the term nothingarian, but few have examined its origins, uses, or significance in American history. Although it seems to have originated much earlier, as a term for members of the little-known Gortonist sect in Rhode Island, "nothingarian" would come to connote the irreligious, ambivalent, or unaffiliated person, one whom pollsters of religion today might call a "none," or a person of no organized religion. The fear of nothingarians was especially acute in the early republic because of the widespread disestablishment of official denominations, rapid spread of settlement on the frontier, and deep uncertainties about American national cohesion after independence. Many observers in early national America feared that disestablishment and religious choice would lead not to massive numbers of conversions, but to masses of indifferent, skeptical, or unaffiliated people. The term nothingarian is important because it was widely used (if poorly defined), and because it reflected widespread fears about preserving religious affiliation and building a new American nation in the absence of state churches or a national establishment.


Israeli and Palestinian conflict is one of the endless conflicts in the Middle East. This conflict is crashed with the interests of third parties, such as the United States and countries in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). One of the actions of a third party country in complaining the Israeli and Palestinian conflict is Donald Trump's statement to make Jerusalem as the capital of Israel on December 7, 2017. The action immediately becomes the attention of the OIC state that supports Palestine.
International Regime Theory was applied to identify the phenomena in this study. The theory will be used to explain why the OIC opposes US support for moving the Israeli capital to Jerusalem. This research used an explanatory method in which the analysis of the reasons from the OIC in opposing US support for the shifting of the Israeli capital to Jerusalem. The research method used was Library Research as the primary source.
OIC stands on Israeli and Palestinian conflict because of the expectations and interests of the OIC, violations of the agreed norms of mutual agreement, the existence of the bargaining position of the OIC as an international organization, and a commitment to maintain regional and international stability.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising electronic material for a variety of large area electronic applications including thin-film sensors, transistors, and solar cells. Various techniques have been focused and explored to synthesize ZnO films. In this study, sol-gel process was adopted as the fabrications process to grow the ZnO films. Three different types of solvents were used including ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol as the reaction medium in the ZnO solution. The correlation between different solvents used and the properties of the ZnO films was explored and observed. The surface morphologies, structural and optical properties were examined using field émission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Through the observation from FESEM results, the surface morphology changed when different solvents were used. The crystallographic structures of the ZnO films demonstrate high crystallinity, and the extracted crystallite size is around 30 nm. Furthermore, ZnO films synthesized using isopropanol and ethylene glycol exhibit high transmittance spectra greater than 80% in the visible region. In general, the experimental results revealed that different solvents in the sol-gel process exert influences on the properties of the ZnO films.


This article emphatically starts from improving the existing combustion situation of heating reboiler for xylene, analysing the actual situation that the waste heat of flue gas in the high temperature zone can't recover fully, suggests to adopt membrane rich oxidation combustion supporting, puts forward the solution for the operation situation of heat reboiler in aromatic plant. [WT5HZ]


Counseling device development at the University of Chile The article develops theoretical considerations about a university counseling device, derived from the grounded experience and its installment in the Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile, considering the process of social diversification of its students. It develops a critical review of the prevailing history and literature about this/the device to explain later the theoretical and technical decisions taken based on the current experience. In this frame of work, the institutional implications of the device are addressed, considering its extents and limitations and also, as the possibility of using it as a research platform, taking university students' mental health as an example.


Reactions of titaniumtl V)isopropoxide with 1,5-diarylthiocarba-zones (H 2 Dz), such as 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone, 1,5-di(0- tolyllthiocarbazone, 1,5-di(p-tolyl)thiocarbazone, 1,5-di(0-chloro-phenyllthiocarbazone, 1,5-di(p-chlorophenyl)thiocarbazone and 1,5-di(p-bromophenyl) thiocarbazone have been carried out in different molar ratios in benzene under refluxing conditions. The complexes of the general formula, Ti( OPr i )4 -n(HDz)n(where HDz represents the anion of corresponding ligand, and n = 1,2 or 3)have been isolated and characterised by elemental analyses, IR, 1 H NMR and electronic spectral data.


Alongside the rules which constitute the enacting clauses of the international Conventions and which, in precise terms, set forth the contractual obligations of States, there exist principles from which these rules derive. " Certain ideas formulated with deliberate imprecision occupy a privileged position in treaties which describe them as being creative elements of law ". Sometimes the Conventions expressly refer to these either in preambles or even in the main body of the text. Thus they speak of the " laws of humanity", " recognized custom" and of the " dictates of the public conscience ". One should mention the so-called Martens clause of the preamble to the Hague Regulation: "populations and belligerents remain under the safeguard and influence of the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized peoples ". In an article common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 it is stated: "Each Party to the conflict . . . shall ensure the detailed execution of the preceding Articles, and provide for unforeseen cases, in conformity with the general principles of the present Convention ". And in another article, the Parties undertake


Real-time coupled multielectrode array sensors (MAS) and other monitoring tools were used to evaluate a complex corrosion phenomenon on carbon steel in a large industrial cooling water system. The design and implementation of the monitoring system, and monitoring results are discussed in this paper. Characterization of the degree and depth of attack from the MAS probe showed excellent correlation with characterization of underdeposit attack on corrosion coupons that were exposed simultaneously with the MAS probe.


Objective To investigate the surgical treatment of the rerupture of Achilles tendon with V-Y tenoplasty and pedicle fascia flap coverage.Methods 19 cases with rerupture of Achilles tendon were performed with V-Y tenoplasty and pedicle fascia flap coverage.Results All cases were followed up for 2~5 years,3.1 years on average.The Arner-Lindholm method was used to assess the results of surgical treatment.14 cases gained the excellent results,4 good and 1 poor.Conclusions The V-Y tenoplasty with pedicle fascia flap coverage is effective for Achilles tendon rerupture,which can reduce postoperative complication and enhance healing.


This chapter implements the microwave diplexer circuit model established in Chapter 4, using the twenty-first substrate integrated waveguide transmission line technology. No separate junction (resonant or non-resonant) was utilised in achieving the diplexer, as the use of an external junction for energy distribution in a diplexer normally increases design complexity and lead to a bulky device. The design also featured a novel input/output coupling technique at the transmit and the receive sides of the diplexer. The proposed SIW diplexer has been simulated using the full-wave finite element method (FEM), Keysight electromagnetic professional (EMPro) 3D simulator. The design has also been validated experimentally and results presented. Simulated and measured results show good agreement. The measured minimum insertion loss achieved on the transmit and the receive channels of the diplexer are 2.86 dB and 2.91 dB, respectively. The measured band isolation between the two channels is better than 50 dB.


The title of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath covers a wide range and provides readers with colorful meanings.It is greatly influenced by the Bible,an important source of Western culture.The paper attempts to analyze the grapes in the title and explores their origin from the Bible and their realistic presentations.From this angle,the title of the novel enthralls readers with its meaningful information.


Running real time applications over wireless LANs is becoming common place. These applications require QoS. But the most widely used wireless LAN, IEEE 802.11, does not have QoS support. Hence, providing QoS in 802.11 WLANs is an important issue due to its large installation base. In this paper, we propose a priority based service differentiation mechanism at the MAC layer. The MAC assigns different contention windows to two priority classes to provide service differentiation. The MAC protocol was designed such that minimal change is required in 802.11 firmware and yet the performance is comparable to 802.11e MAC. When collision occurs, contention window is increased in a linear fashion and the new contention windows for high and low priority traffic become non-contiguous. This unique method of contention window management provides better relative performance between the two classes. We also propose an enhancement to our base protocol that further increases throughput at light load condition. We present our simulation experiment results that show that our protocol has performance comparable to 802.11e.


In this paper, we propose a MCMC algorithm based on elliptical slice sampling with the purpose to improve sampling efficiency. During sampling, a mixture distribution is fitted periodically to previous samples. The components of the mixture distribution are called regional pseudo-priors because each component serves as the pseudo-prior for a subregion of the sampling space. Expectation maximization algorithm, variational inference algorithm and stochastic approximation algorithm are used to estimate the parameters. Meanwhile, parallel computing is used to relieve the burden of computation. Ergodicity of the proposed algorithm is proven mathematically. Experimental results on one synthetic and two real-world dataset show that the proposed algorithm has the following advantages: with the same starting points, the proposed algorithm can find more distant modes; the proposed algorithm has lower rejection rates; when doing Bayesian inference for uni-modal posterior distributions, the proposed algorithm can give more accurate estimations; when doing Bayesian inference for multi-modal posterior distributions, the proposed algorithm can find different modes well, and the estimated means of the mixture distribution can provide additional information for the location of modes.


Thermal energy produced from solar collectors can be stored in Borehole Thermal Energy Storage, BTES, when demand is low for later usage when demand is high. The aim of this thesis is to develop a scalable system architecture for control and monitoring of a BTES prototype.The BTES prototype consist of 13 boreholes configured in a hierarchically manner in two circles and one core. The core is of the highest priority. The operational information is displayed on a website and stored in a database.The data communication consist of two One-wire buses and one CAN bus. The temperature sensors are connected to the One-Wire buses. The CAN bus consist of sensor/actuator nodes and a server node. Based on sensor data, a control loop configures the actuators. Operational data is stored in a database and visually presented on a website. The website displays an overview of all the boreholes where all of the sensors data can be read. The control algorithm runs successfully according to its hierarchically priorities. The prototype works as a developement platform and a demonstrating prototype.


This report presents further observation on the fine structure of hereditary corneal edema. The anterior and middle stroma showed almost normal collagen lamellar formation. In the posterior stroma irregularity of interfibrillary distance icas noted. Cross-sections of collagen fibrils varied in diameter. Tioo Descemet's membranes were found, the second one contained unusual banded materials. Most parts of the second Descemet's membrane were covered with thickened multiformed packed smaller collagen fibrils, and a fibroblastlike cell layer was present on the face of the anterior chamber. These observations support our earlier study which suggested that the morphologic changes occurred during fetal development.


Since threshold-based fall detection has been widely studied by many research groups, accuracy is still a main limitation affected by personal factors. To this end, a personalized threshold extraction approach being adapted for the fall detection usage for different individual is proposed to increase the fall detection accuracy. Moreover, we also implement a fall detection algorithm called ALARM to verify the feasibility of the proposed threshold extraction approach. Results of comprehensive evaluation show it has high accuracy of 96.76% for fall detection, while the sensitivity and the specificity are 92.01% and 99.13%, respectively, based on the data collected from 8 volunteers.


ASMPT was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1989. The Group is principally engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of machines, tools and materials used in the assembly and packaging of semiconductors and surface mount technology, with operations being carried out in China (including Hong Kong), Germany, Malaysia and Singapore.


Handcrafted beeswax ornaments by WAXING NOSTALGIC© offers an impressive collection of about 50 different designs that span a wide range of themes and sizes


An efficient synthesis of [2H4] and [14C]oxymetazoline has been developed. Both compounds follow the same synthetic route with the introduction of the label occurring at different synthetic steps. The synthesis of [2H4]oxymetazoline from [2H4]ethylene diamine was achieved in one step with a 40% yield. The synthesis of [14C]oxymetazoline from potassium [14C]cyanide was achieved in two steps with an overall radiochemical yield of 67%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


uplift itself?" in the wake of decolonization. This question of how Africa should proceed from colonization is one of the last ideological dilemmas of the modern world. Dambudzo Marechera, an African author of fiction and arguably Zimbabwe's most important creative writer of the 20th century, attempted to solve the challenge. This paper will contextualize his life within the larger history of Zimbabwe surrounding the governments of Ian Smith and Robert Mugabe, and show how his experiences manifested into a political philosophy that blended pacifism and individuality in favor of collective or nationalist identity.


A joint source/channel coding modulation algorithm based on TTCM (Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation) is presented,which achieve bandwidth-efficient and high reconstructive quality.The source decoder is optimized by minimizing the end-to-end system distortion.The soft output values of TTCM decoder are applied directly to the designed optimal source decoder.Simulation results show that compared with the system with hard decoding,the proposed algorithm can objectively gain 2 dB improvement of decoded source in terms of SNR.


The study is based on preliminary fieldwork in Natisone in Venetian Slavia in Italy, on articles and books by the local authors describing the way of life in the past, and on results of historic research. The A. focuses on characteristical features of the family at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, its generational and kinship structure, economy, inheritance system, division of work, and migrations. This was the time of an extended family which aside from the nuclear family of the farmer consisted also of his parents and single siblings, most often brothers. Such an extended family corresponded to the demand for additional work force during the time of hard farm labor; during the off season it enabled some of the family members, most often men, to leave their homes for seasonal work and peddling. The A. emphasizes the connections between the family and migrational patterns. Until the middle of the 20th century, when the process of mass emigration started in this area, this connection was clearly evident from the interdependence of the extended family and the so-called circular migrations.


1. Nomos and Phusis in Democritus and Plato C. C. W. Taylor 2. Forcing goodness in Plato's Republic Christopher Shields 3. Ascent and descent: the philosopher's regret Allan Silverman Gerasimos Santas Plato's criticisms of democracy in the Republic Gerasimos Santas 4. The rule of reason in Plato's Statesman and the American Federalist Fred D. Miller, Jr. 5. Freedom, liberality, and liberty in Plato's Laws Andre Laks 6. Why should philosophers rule? 7. Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Protrepticus Christopher Bobonich 8. Aristotle on the mixed constitution and its relevance for American political thought Carrie-Ann Biondi 9. Nature in Aristotle's ethics and politics Richard Kraut 10. The good man and the upright citizen in Aristotle's ethics and politics David Keyt 11. Stoic communitarianism and normative citizenship Anthony A. Long 12. The classical roots of radical individualism Roderick T. Long.


In the structures of "Beam-tie truss", the proportion of total
 load(the ratio of uniformly distributed load and concentrated
load) is different each other in according to the number of subbeam.
And the theoretical equation of member stress and deflection in the
 structure of "Beam-tie truss" having one sub-beam is not
 correspond to that of member stress and deflection in the
 structure of "Beam-tie truss" having two or three sub-beams.
Therefore the aim of this study is to obtain the theoretical
equation on putting two or three sub-beams andis to compare the
 amount of member stress and deflection in accord with the number
of sub-beam.


Small Business Saturday takes place on 2 December and is the national day dedicated to celebrating and supporting small businesses.


There was a conference organised at the Institite of Mathematical Sciences, Madras in 1997 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of India's Independence to review contributions by Indians to various branches of mathematics since Independence. This is a written account of the lecture I gave then on some of the contributions by Indian mathematicians to Algebraic number theory for the period 1947-1997. There has been a lot of work done in India during these years, and it will be impossible to report on all of it in limited space. We have therefore chosen some of the representative works from the vast literature reflecting to some extent the author's taste. Since this was a report about work done in the country, works of several very prominent mathematicians from India during this period who worked for most of their scientific career outside India has been omitted. In particular, we do not speak about the work of S. Chowla who has contributed so much to so many areas of Algebraic number theory. We have also restricted ourselves to areas very closely related to Algebraic number theory, and have therefore omitted topics in transcendental and analytic number theory which was reported by others in the conference. We have also omitted from our consideration the arithmetic theory of algebraic groups. In particular, we do not speak on the work of K.G. Ramanathan who initiated the study of arithmetic groups in the country which has flourished into a very strong area of research at the Tata Institute, Bombay. We begin the report by listing the two major schools in the country where algebraic number theory has been pursued, and in each case list some of the mathematicians from these schools. Limitation of knowledge on the part of the author has prevented him from a more complete list. In the list below, non-Indian mathematicians have been put in a bracket, and Y is on the immediate right of


Biodegradable materials are defined as a functional materials which can be degraded via microorganism and finally they are converted into H2O and CO2. Biodegradable materials are highlighted as materials to solve the environmental regulation from petrochemical dependence and applied to many fields such as vehicles, electronics, architectures and commodities etc. Although biodegradable materials have begun to achieve some degree of commercial success, the industry is still in an embryonic stage. For bioplastics, the market will continue to evolve as products become more widely available and performance is improved closely with conventional polymers such as PE, PP, PET and PS. According to Freedonia Focus, the market prospect of natural polymer is expected to be about $ 1 billion at 2014 (CAGR = 6.5%). The market size of natural polymer is about $0.77 billion. For biodegradable material industry, market success will depend mostly on lowering production costs and performances to compete with conventional polymers.


Previously the authors investigated the possibility of synthesis of the f-block element mixed complexes with {beta}-diketones and organic unsaturated acids. The mixed-ligand complexes of lanthanides [Ln = Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III), and Yb(III)] with acetylacetone (acac) and fumaric or maleic acid (AcidH{sub 2}) were synthesized. The mixed-ligand complexes were prepared by the interaction of REE tris(acetylacetonates) [Ln(acac){sub 3}{center_dot} 3H{sub 2}O] with half as much excess of the organic acid in a solution of diethyl ether. According to the data of elemental analysis and thermogravimetric and spectroscopic investigations, the mixed complexes studied are of composition Ln(acac){sub 2}(AcidH){center_dot}H{sub 2}O.


Six of the essays in this volume discuss sentencing and corrections issues, the seventh deals with motor vehicle crimes; there is no doubt that these topics will remain of central professional and public concern throughout the 1990s. Rates of incarceration and the numbers of inmates have increased continuously and steeply in the United States since 1973. The number in prison and jail more than doubled between 1980 and 1990 and quadrupled between 1970 and 1990. The incarceration rate is four times that of any country with which most Americans would care to be compared. Yet there remains sharp conflict as to what should be done about this.


We demonstrate the 40-Gb/s QPSK upstream transmission in 60-km reach WDM PON (channel spacing: 50 GHz) implemented by using directly modulated RSOAs and self-homodyne receivers together with the offset PDM technique.


Access monitoring and control system are a set of software and hardware for restricting and registering the entry and exit of objects to a given territory through special transitions. Reliable operation of these systems is an important element of security. Electromagnetic interference may impair the function of access control systems. One of the causes of system malfunctions can be electromagnetic interference through the power supply network. The article analyzes unintentional and deliberate sources of electromagnetic interference through the power supply network. A simulation model is proposed and the results of modeling electromagnetic interference in an access monitoring and control system when exposed to electromagnetic pulses through a power supply network are presented. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data.


Abstract Since the late 1970s the Republic of South Africa has faced mounting internal and external threats to the white regime which it assumes are motivated and controlled by the Soviet Union. Pretoria's response to this has been the creation of what is called the "Total Strategy." This is characterized by a near wartime level of resource mobilization, the integration of political, economic, and military resources, and a combination of negative and positive inducements used against threats to the regime. Since its inception, negative inducements, particularly the use of force, have increasingly been stressed at the expense of positive inducements. The Total Strategy represents the most sophisticated development of low‐intensity conflict doctrine in the world today, particularly the psychological dimensions of conflict, but its long‐term viability may be challenged by a range of dilemmas and contradictions.


This paper proposes a method for speeding-up the verification process of integrated circuits, featuring waveform clustering of circuit response signals. The main objective is to automatically separate the signals into distinct groups that potentially exhibit visual similarities in order to aid the visual inspection/verification. As a first step, the proposed method extracts SIFT-like features by finding stable points of the signal over the scale space and computing robust descriptors able to describe their neighborhood. The resulted descriptors are quantized in order to be used in the clustering process as bag-of-words histograms. We demonstrate the validity of our method on a circuit waveform database containing several thousands of signals belonging to ten electrical tests.


The present investigation was carried out at the Horticultural Research Centre of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.) during 2010 and 2011. In Randomized Block Design with three replication using seventeen genotypes of papaya and fifteen various traits were recorded on randomly selected plants. Path coefficient analysis showed that fruit weight, Fruit per plant, plant height at flowering, days to flowering, fruit girth were the most important characters controlling directly effects on fruit yield per plant. Whereas, Path coefficient analysis showed that plant height, flower initiation, Days to flowering, plant height at flowering, petiole length, plant girth, number of leaves at flowering, fruit length, fruit girth, central cavity, pulp thickness, TSS, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight were most important characters indirectly effects on fruit yield per plant. The plants of genotype PS 1 yielded more fruits of superior quality. Yield and quality are the most important economic traits in papaya and therefore, this genotype can be recommended for selection.


Hydraulic fracturing increases reservoir permeability by opening fractures and triggering slip on natural fractures and faults. While seismic slip of small faults or fault patches is detectable as microseismic events, the role of aseismic slip is poorly understood. From a modeling standpoint, geomechanical analysis using the Coulomb criterion can determine if faults slip but not whether slip is seismic or aseismic. Here we propose a computational methodology to predict fault slip, and whether slip is seismic or aseismic, using rate-and-state friction. To avoid computational costs associated with resolving small faults, we use the spring-slider idealization that treats faults as points. Interaction between faults is neglected. The method is applied to study fault slip from a hydraulic fracture that grows past a fault, without intersecting it. We represent the hydraulic fracture stressing using an asymptotic expansion of stresses around the tip of a tensile crack. We investigate the effect of fault length, orientation, and distance from the hydraulic fracture. For velocity-weakening faults with stiffness smaller than a critical stiffness, slip is seismic, whereas faults with stiffness greater than the critical stiffness slip aseismically. Furthermore, we compare the spring-slider idealization with a finite element analysis that resolves spatially variable slip. The spring-slider idealization provides reasonably accurate predictions of moment and even moment-rate history, especially for faults having stiffness close to or larger than the critical stiffness. Differences appear for large faults where rupture propagation is important, though differences might still be negligible for many applications.


For the May 2021 issue of BJUI Compass, I want to give a shoutout to middle authors of our manuscripts. Obviously, we need first authors to take the lead on collecting data and writing up a project and we need last/senior authors for guidance, design and funding. But we often need strong contributions from middle authors who recruit patients to studies, assist in design/execution of trials/studies, and provide critical editorial work for drafting manuscripts. I was inspired to write this editorial from two different experiences. On the academic front, my research team had a manuscript reviewed by a journal and offered major revisions. They were tough ones— requiring additional analyses and statistical work. One of our strategies for revisions was to invite another urologic oncology fellow to the team to give us a fresh look at the manuscript and help us with the revision steps and getting the paper not only revised but back to word limits. The revised version completed peer review and is now published. Another point of inspiration came from a recent trip I made with my family— yes, a trip during pandemic times! Many of the photographs I've published with this editorial series were from prepandemic academic trips— I have a large inventory, but in theory could run into slim pickings if this pandemic keeps dragging on. Our family loves to ski at Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and rather than sit out another season, we made the journey with a long drive from Houston to Wyoming— a solid full 2 days of driving each way (I'm not quite ready for aeroplanes). In addition to the challenging skiing at Teton Village, another opportunity for winter sports is snowmobiling in Yellowstone national park— famous for its geysers and multiple volcanic activities. The whole park is actually a giant volcanic caldera— last erupted over 630,000 years ago but in theory could blow again. In Figure 1, I will demonstrate a fun photography editorial trick from Adobe's Lightroom photoediting software. It is called the "dehaze" feature and it does an amazing job of getting rid of hazy appearing backgrounds— especially grey/dull skies, or city smog. Specific to geysers— it's a fun feature to tone down a lot of the steam coming out of these volcanic entities. Figure 2 shows another example from a hydrothermal pool— again with editing of the steam and colours for a more dramatic look. The analogy for our middle authors is that their editing efforts and fresh look at our papers can be effective methods for improving a manuscript. A primary writer can certainly edit and revise a paper, but sometimes another set of eyes can take it to the next level. These collaborative efforts can pay off in peer review. As Prokar Dasgupta, previous editor of the BJUI, used to say at lectures on publishing: "You have one good chance to make a good first impression." Figure 3— more fun shots from the Tetons and Yellowstone— a must visit place. On to this month in the BJUI Compass:


Abstract Background: Evidence suggests nonelderly adults with cancer are likely to receive aggressive treatment in their last month of life and less likely to receive hospice and/or palliative services. Young adults with cancer (18–39 years) are a unique population, and little is known about the characteristics of their end-of-life care trajectories when they die in the hospital. Objective: The purpose of this descriptive pilot study was to explore the characteristics of death among young adults with cancer who died in a tertiary academic hospital in order to elucidate their end-of-life trajectories. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted among hospitalized young adults with a primary cancer diagnosis who died in the hospital within a 10-year period. Study variables were abstracted for quantification and medical record notes were reviewed for validation. Results: A review of 61 patient records indicate that young adults commonly received cancer treatment within weeks of death and that do-not-...


As is shown in the research,resources of English studies used by students in our college are varied. However,the rate of utilization on Internet is not satisfactory.Therefore,a guidance and cultivation is of great importance to improve college students'English proficiency and competence.


Two definite phases can be discerned in the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899 to 1902: the conventional (setpiece-battle) phase from the outbreak of the war on II October 1899 to the Battle of Dalmanutha (Bergendal) between 21 and 27 August 1900; and the guerrilla phase from September 1900 to the end of the war on 31 May 1902. However, it makes more sense to add a transitional phase, stretching from March to August 1900, which contains characteristics of both major phases. With the conventional phase we specifically mean that period when the two opposing forces were mustered against each other on the battleground and both attempted to defeat or push back the other in a direct confrontation. That is, when the opposing armies both pursued a combat strategy. The nature of the guerrilla phase - marked by a change in the Boer strategy - will be discussed below.


Meadow moth is an important pest in agricultural and livestock production in north China,and its life history and law of occurrence and damage are very complicated.It has polyphagia,gregarious,concealment,sudden,fulminant,migratory behavior and other characteristics.Since the founding of China,periodic outbreaks of meadow moth have occurred three times.And it is now in the third damage cycle.Inner Mongolia has a vast territory,complex natural climatic conditions as well as rich and various vegetation types.It is the main source area and disaster area of meadow moth.The paper reviews the morphological characteristics,life habits,law of occurrence,distribution and damage characteristics of meadow moth as well as its situation in Inner Mongolia.And exploration was actively performed in research and application of key technologies for comprehensive prevention and control of meadow moth including prevention and control strategy,using lights for trapping and killing adults,using bamboo bests for attracting predators,and scientific use of drugs in field.


: Lima Puluh Kota Regency in West Sumatera Province is one of the regencies in Indonesia that has had a flood problem every year in the last decade. In the case of such large-scale flooding, it is important to classify the hazard zone for efficiency of the flood mitigation. In this paper, the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model is applied to the Batang Sinamar River Basin in order to predict the widespread inundation, where both rainfall-runoff from surrounding mountain and rainfall on flood plain contributes to the flood event. Flood simulation was conducted by using a nationally available dataset, high resolution digital surface model, and rainfall ground station data. The simulation was calibrated with discharge observation data in Batang Sinamar, and provides a good result with the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency index and correlation value of 0.768 and 0.908, respectively. The result of the simulation using 10-year and 25-year return, showed the increasing discharge by 15.72% from 406.77 m 3 /s to 470.74 m 3 /s. Furthermore, the average peak of inundation water level increased from less than 1.5 m to more than 1.5 m. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the model can predict the potential inundation area in the Batang Sinamar River Basin in Lima Puluh Kota Regency.


A general approach for the description of spin systems on hierarchial lattices with coordination number $q$ as a dynamical variable is proposed. The ferromagnetic Ising model on the Bethe lattice was studied as a simple example demonstrating our method. The annealed and partly annealed versions of disorder concerned with the lattice coordination number are invented and discussed. Recurrent relations are obtained for the evaluation of magnetization. The magnetization is calculated for the particular disorder choices, $q=2,3$ and $q=3,4$. A nontrivial localization of critical point is revealed.


Block copolymers based on the poly(amic ester) of poly(4,4′-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitide) and perfluoroalkylene aryl ethers were synthesized from preformed amine terminated perfluoroalkylene aryl ether oligomers. Fluoropolymer structure, wt% incorporation, and molecular weight were varied. Reduction in the dielectric constant to 2.8–2.9 and reduced moisture sensitivity were observed for block copolymers with 55 wt.% poly(perfluoroalkylene aryl ether) content without significant compromise of mechanical or thermal properties.


................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. .......................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER ONE WILD BIRD USE OF ORGANIC APPLE ORCHARDS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON PRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................


In this paper we propose a model in which the coalescence of primordial black hole (PBHs) binaries with equal mass M similar to 10(28) g can emit luminous gigahertz (GHz) radio transient, which may be candidate sources for the observed fast radio bursts (FRBs), if at least one black hole holds an appropriate amount of net electric charge Q. Using a dimensionless quantity for the charge q = Q/root GM, our analyses infer that q similar to O(10(-4.5)) can explain the FRBs with released energy of order O(10(40)) ergs. With the current sample of FRBs and assuming a distribution of charge phi(q) for all PBHs, we can deduce that its form is proportional to q(-3.0 +/- 0.1) for q >= 7.2 x 10(-5) if PBHs are sources of the observed FRBs. Furthermore, with the proposed hypothetical scenario and by estimating the local event rate of FRBs similar to 2.6 x 10(3) Gpc(-3) yr(-1), one derives a lower bound for the fraction of PBHs (at the mass of 10(28) g) against that of matter, f(PBH) (10(28) g) greater than or similar to 10(-5), needed to explain the rate. With this inspiring estimate, we expect that future observations of FRBs can help us to falsify their physical origins from the PBH binaries coalescences. In the future, the gravitational waves produced by mergers of small black holes will be detected by high frequency gravitational wave detectors. We believe that this work will be a useful addition to the current literature on multimessenger astronomy and cosmology.


The cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of m‐plane α‐Ga2O3 grown by mist chemical vapor deposition are investigated. The m‐plane α‐Ga2O3 is found to have two types of characteristic luminescence bands: blue luminescence (BL) band (centered at 2.8 eV) and UV luminescence (UVL) band (centered at 3.7 eV). To characterize these bands, the Sn concentration and temperature dependences of the CL spectra are investigated using samples with varying Sn concentrations from 1 × 1017 to 1 × 1019 cm−3. The Sn concentration‐dependent CL spectra show that the luminescence from the UVL band is dominant in the low Sn concentration region, while that from the BL band is dominant in the high Sn concentration region. The temperature‐dependent CL spectra indicate that the peak intensity of the UVL band depending on temperature is larger than that of the BL band. The activation energies in the UVL band of the undoped and lightly Sn‐doped samples are determined as 110 meV. In addition, the parameters of the Huang–Rhys factor in the UVL band are obtained as 28.6 and 18.8, respectively. These results strongly suggest that the UVL band is derived from self‐trapped excitons, which is the recombination of free electrons and self‐trapped holes.


We present the design and implementation of return value prediction in SableVM, a Java Virtual Machine. We give detailed results for the full SPEC JVM98 benchmark suite, and compare our results with previous, more limited data. At the performance limit of existing last value, stride, 2-delta stride, parameter stride, and context (FCM) sub-predictors in a hybrid, we achieve an average accuracy of 72%. We describe and characterize a new table-based memoization predictor that complements these predictors nicely, yielding an increased average hybrid accuracy of 81%. VM level information about data widths provides a 35% reduction in space, and dynamic allocation and expansion of per-callsite hashtables allows for highly accurate prediction with an average per-benchmark requirement of 119 MB for the context predictor and 43 MB for the memoization predictor. As far as we know, the is the first implementation of non-trace-based return value prediction


studies in the principles of international law were translated into French by the eminent scholar, E. Nys, and published at Brussels. Westlake was a leading spirit in founding in 1869 La Revue de Droit International and, in 1873, the Institute of International Law, of which he was president in 1895 and became honorary president in 1900. He took an active and important part in many Continental meetings and conferences. Moreover, he extended to foreign scholars a most kindly, delightful and constant hospitality, ably assisted by Mrs. Westlake, at his London home, River House, on the Chelsea Embankment, and at his country house near St. Ives in his native Cornwall. The writer recalls with gratitude days of pleasure under his roof and long walks over the hillsides yellow with broom and purple with heather in which, even near the close of life, Dr. Westlake turned with unchanging zeal and undiminished power to the discussion of the principles of international law as he clearly saw and ardently advocated them. He must be regarded as a most potent and useful factor in assimilating English and Continental views and practice. Services of that sort have far more than local or temporary value. The translation of his work into the French tongue aids in that very purpose and the service of Dr. Goule and the highly appreciative and discriminating preface of Professor de Lapradelle deserve the thanks of those who, like the writer, believe that uniformity of law is one of the important contributions to good will and the maintenance of good relations between nations.


Twenty-five years after treatment with thorium X (Ra 224), we found unusual, multifocal dental resorptions in four patients. The results of gamma-spectrographic, auto-radiographic and histological examinations suggest that Ra 224 caused such changes.


Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of three different post systems cemented with different systems on root fracture. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five extracted human maxillary canines with single and straight roots were used in this study. After the crowns were removed, root canals were prepared with Reciproc R50 files. Smear layer of roots were removed using 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by 5.25% NaOCl and distilled water. All the root canals were filled with cold lateral compaction technique using AH Plus root canal sealer and gutta-percha. Samples were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 1 week and then post space was prepared using fiber post drills. The roots were then randomly divided into five groups according to the luting cements and post systems: negative control, positive control, glass fiber post [Unicore® (Ultradent, Salt Lake City UT, USA)] + composite core [Grandio SO (Voco GmbH, Cuxhave, Germany)], glass fiber post [Unicore® ] + Rebilda® post-core system, individual cast post core. A load was applied on the crowns of all teeth at 135° to their long axis until fracture occurred. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey tests. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the groups. According to the post-hoc Tukey test, cast post core (1949.35 + 316 N) showed statistically significantly higher fracture resistance than all the groups except Unicore® + Rebilda® post-core systems (1722.48 + 144.0 N). Conclusion: Fiber post core system which is an alternative to cast post core systems increased the fracture resistance of the canines with root canal treatment. While irrepairable catastrophic fractures might be seen in cast post-core systems, separations between composite resin core, and root interfaces might be seen in teeth restored with fiber post-core systems.


of the whole stream of supranational political thinking that spread out through John Locke. Here she is on firmer ground, It was nineteenthcentury liberalism that read back into Locke (and behind him Grotius) a "Protestant ethic" passion for international rights. The anonymously published Treatises on Civil Government set out "to justify to the world the ancient rights and liberties of the people of England", and only piety allows Grotius such exaggerated memorials as proliferate round the International Court ofJustice at The Hague, and elsewhere in Holland. Structurally, Dr Tooke's book is unsatisfactory, as is often the fate of recast theses. A foreword by Professor Mascall promises the sympathetic study of natural law which her two central characters provide, but the fmal critique of Reinhold Niebuhr's latter-day nationalism to which her main subject leads her is too cursory to convince or to be very useful. It is surprising that her Iso-strong bibliography contains no reference to Dr Charles West's Communism and the Theologians (SCM, 1958), since that examination ofhow readily theologians adapt themselves to circumstances provides far better material for considering the pacifist case than does natural law revived. One last point: Dr Tooke speaks scathingly of "the equality demanded by liberalism". She means socialism, London, s. W.I3 CHRISTOPHER MARTIN


An increasing number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers continuously operating worldwide, makes it possible to observe changes in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) associated with earthquakes, e.g. preseismic anomalies 10-40 minutes before earthquakes with Mw8 or more (e.g. Heki & Enomoto, 2015; He & Heki, 2017) , and coseismic ionospheric disturbances ~10 minutes after earthquakes by acoustic disturbances (e.g. Cahyadi & Heki, 2015). In this work, I compile as many past examples of both phenomena as possible, and explore general laws lying behind these two kinds of phenomena.


 Lu Yin 庐隐 (1898-1934) was a leading "new woman", and she had scaled the heights of her writing profession in mid-Republican China. In her short 36-year life, she published over 200 works in all, including novels, essays, proses and travelogues. As the first May Fourth female writer who touched upon the theme of homosexuality and depicted a lesbian story without reservation, Lu Yin created a short story "The Diary of Lishi" in which she narrated the love between Lishi and her same-sex partner Yuanqing; but this finally ended in tragedy, which implied Lu Yin's deconstruction of binary gender order. Meanwhile, this paper distinguishes "Old Friends on the Seashore" from lesbian or quasi-lesbian stories and argued that this fiction was more in terms of female same-sex camaraderie instead of lesbian


According to the "shooting method" in differential equatlon,a series of programs are programmed in C language to study axisymmetric biomembrane-vesicle shapes on the basis of free energy expression of elastic theory and the Euler-Lagrange equations.Then,many usual vesicle shapes such as the oblate,prolate vesicles etc.and the periodic unduloid,pearling vesicles which satisfied the periodicity are obtained.


Back ground: High-performance Liquid Chromatography is one of the major analytical techniques used in the quality control of phytochemicals. Objective: This research article presents the development of HPLC method to detect and quantify the major marker components, kaempferol, and quercetin from four plant species. Materials and Methods: HPLC method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant extracts by using orthophosphoric acid and methanol (95:5) at 370 nm for kaempferol, methanol and orthophosphoric acid (60:40) at 262nm for quercetin. Results: Kaempferol was detected from the hydro alcoholic extracts of Talinum portulacifolium leaves (RT 13.720, concentration 1.08 mg/ml) and flowers of Gomphrena serrata (RT 13.758, concentration 2.13mg/ml). Kaempferol was reported for the first time from Gomphrena serrata. Quercetin was separated and identified from the hydro alcoholic extracts Alternanthera sessilis stems (RT 6.503, concentration 0.01mg/ml). The hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia heterophylla stems (RT 6.588, concentration 0.01mg/ml) was also evaluated for the presence of quercetin. Conclusion: The method developed is very useful tool for qualifying and quantifying the plant specimens as well as their extracts.


omplex relationships exist between cardiovascular diseases and a spectrum ofneural and humoral factors. Recently, the modulating role ofhormones, such as brain natriuretic peptide,l in the atherosclerotic process and in chronic heart failure has been emphasised. We therefore proposed a new medical discipline: cardiovascular endocrinology.2 The contribution of hormonal factors to atherogenesis is suggested in recent developments that indicate a role for a disturbed pituitary growth hormone (GH) axis and its mitogenic partners, induding insuiin-growth factor-l (IGF-I) and different IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP), in the processes ofpremature atherosclerosis.3'5


This paper is aimed at development of a college database management system that can be used in any educational institution. Python flask framework is used to implement this application, that can be accessed throughout the institution or by any specific department of the institution. This system offers different features to the students and the members of the staff which includes attendance and marks of the students that can be accessed by both student and staff but can be only updated by staff of particular department . Students as well as staffs have separate logins that can be accessed by them easily . This system also includes a library management system which works in real time,a micro transport management system and a training and placement management system. This system is developed to maintain and facilitate easy access to information to every member associated with this system. For this the users must be registered with the system after which they can access their accounts as well as modify data as per the permissions given to them. Keywords—python, flask framework, implementation, I .Introduction The title of the project is "Implementation of College Management System Using Python Flask Framework"as the title defines, that the college management system is an application based on python flask framework and it's aim is to provide all levels of management of information within an organization. The college management system is a software that is designed to manage all the day-to-day activities of students and staff in an automated, organized and integrated form. This helps colleges and universities to save time, money and resources. For a student and staff the Administrator of system creates login id & password, using these student and staff can access the system to either update or view some information from the database. The purpose of this document is to describe the functionality, requirements and general interface of the College Management System. The front end software we uses is html, css and java script. For backend python flask and mysql are used. Python flask framework is the technology that we are using to develop the college management system. Flask is a web framework written in python. It can be classified into micro framework because it does not require any particular tools or libraries and has inbuilt database. It has no database abstraction layer. However flask support extension that can add application features. Extensions exist for objectrelational mappers, form validation, upload handling, various open authentication technologies and several common framework related tools. Extensions are updated far more frequently than the core Flask program. The database refers to a collection of records that manage to produce useful information. The data can be accessed, modified, managed, controlled and organized to perform various data-processing operations. The data is usually indexed across rows, columns and tables that make workload processing and data querying efficient. There are different types of databases which are of following types: Object-Oriented Relational Distributed


Telavancin and vancomycin are both approved for treatment of hospital‐acquired and ventilator‐associated bacterial pneumonias caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and both agents can cause renal dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess renal function changes by performing renal shift table analyses of telavancin‐ and vancomycin‐treated patients in phase III trials.


Robotically controlled steerable guidewire navigation systems has been paid much attention to, because it can allow the surgeons to be released from radiation and heavy radiation protection garments, reduce radiation exposure, increase precision and stability of motion, and add operator comfort. The aim of the study was to improve the precision of axial motion, rotational motion and force measurement, as well as installation convenience. A novel guidewire navigation robot, composed of a master side and a slave side was developed, which can reach the high precision, measure the force/torque of guidewire, and realize the force/torque feedback to the surgeon. To evaluate feasibility of the novel guidewire navigation robot, a system evaluation was developed. The experimental results show that: axial error was no more than 0.5mm, the rotational error was no more than 1 degree, and force error was no more than 0.031N. The novel guidewire navigation robot, potentially increasing guidewire motion precision and accuracy, is feasible for minimally invasive surgery.


The space distribution of orbital poles for 252 visual binar es is analyzed to check a possible tendency towards parallelism. It is confirmed that orbital p l nes do not show any trend to be parallel to the Galactic plane. No strong evidence is found for a prefe rential orientation of the orbital planes for subgroups of binaries with similar periods and eccentri cities. Asymmetry in the distribution of orbital poles is seen only for a subgroup of 19 binaries lying closer than 10 pc. Small differences in the distribution of orbital poles are also detected for subg roups with different location on HR diagram.


The epistolary framework of Romans provides a crucial key to answering the difficult and much debated question of why Paul wrote this epistle. For the letter opening (1:1–7), thanksgiving section (1:8–15), apostolic parousia (15:14–32), and letter closing (15:33–16:27) all establish the authority of Paul's apostleship and of his gospel over the Roman Christians in a way that wins their acceptance of his gospel as it has been "preached" in the body of the letter. Paul believed himself to be both divinely obligated and uniquely qualified to share with the Roman Christians his gospel in the conviction that this would result in the strengthening of their faith. All other proposed reasons for the writing of Romans, therefore, must be integrated into Paul's primary concern "to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome" (1:15).


Xie Zhen's poems imitated those of the heyday of Tang Dynasty, of which the style was gained but deep feeling and far charm were lost. In Siming Poetry Talks, there were entries showing sensible argument but going against the emotion expression as peculiarity of poetry if they were being put in effect as the theory for guiding creation; there were also entries suitably analysing regular pattern of poetry and poets and pecms. In the change of poetry talks of Ming Dynasty from theory of craftsmanship to theory of asthetic appreciation, Xie Zhen's learning of poetry served as a link between past and future.


Air bubbles in working oil influence stiffness and efficiency of hydraulic systems, thus it is important for technical issues to eliminate the air bubbles actively from the hydraulic oil. Bubble eliminator is a device that removes air bubbles by using a swirling flow. In this paper, we investigate flow behavior in the bubble eliminator by means of laboratory experiments with a transparent bubble eliminator and numerical analysis. We especially focus on the diameter of vent port and analyze the relation between the parameter and removal performance of bubbles. The validity of numerical simulation is verified by comparing the results of the numerical simulation with flow patterns obtained from image photos of the experimental flow visualization. Moreover, we evaluate the optimal dimension of the diameter of the vent port from numerical analysis.


Forecasting financial risks is one of the most difficult tasks in risk prediction; IT project risk management practitioners stress the need to take into consideration the organizational factors of IT project success. In this context, this paper introduced the concept of Reference Class Forecasting to the problem of IT project financial risks estimates. It was designed to develop a conceptual approach to optimize financial risks prediction, at the organizational level, during IT project implementation. This approach is formally developed according to design science research approach and it addresses an area of relevance to both practitioners and academics and suggests solutions that can help IT risk managers to provide more accurate risk assessment plans.


Synergetic development between port logistics and hinterland economy is the requirements of objective laws. This paper quantitatively analyses synergetic development between Wuhan port logistics and hinterland economy on the basis of synergetic model. To do this, select the alternative indicators of port logistics and hinterland economy, indicator variables of time series data about Wuhan port logistics and hinterland economy during 1998-2013. By unit ADF root test, Johansen co-integration test and Granger causality test analysis for the time series of the variable development level. The test result shows that during the study period, indicator variables logarithmic of Wuhan port logistics and hinterland economy is smooth, long-term co-integration relationship; Granger causality test shows that Wuhan port logistics play better role in promoting Wuhan city economy construction, Wuhan port logistics and Hubei province economy development promote each other.


Real‐time nondestructive evaluation of critical optics in high‐energy, pulsed laser experiments is crucial from a safety as well as maintenance viewpoint. Fluence levels in short pulse, high‐energy lasers can produce pits and cracks in the surfaces of the lasers' optical components. These flaws in the optical glass can adversely effect the production of the laser light or even result in a catastrophic failure of the optical component itself. Consequently, the identification and characterization of these flaws is critical. The production requirements of our target laser system mandate the automation of any inspection system. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an autonomous solution to process the reflected acoustic signals and, using this information, detect, localize, and characterize the optical flaws. In this paper we develop sophisticated signal and image processing techniques to automatically analyze laser‐induced damage in optical glass. After preprocessing the raw channel measurement data from...


The volume and complexity of Biomedical Imaging (BMI) data can be handled by well-known Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solutions if a research study in this field is modeled as a cyclic process of four phases: study specifications; raw data acquisition; data processing and results publication. However, current PLM systems do not provide easy, flexible and user-adapted data access, especially in the context of heterogeneity expertise environments such as BMI. This paper presents VAQUERO (VisuAlization and QUERy based Ontology), a visual ontology-based data query approach, that aims at providing different kinds of users in the BMI field (common/ external, domain expert and technical users) with easy self-access to their data stored in a PLM Teamcenter system.


On the basis of the concrete radar system and practical operation environment, the 2D-OS-CFAR is considered to be suitable for the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection for an airborne surveillance radar in ground clutters. The performance of this method in different clutter backgrounds, window sizes and numbers of interfering targets is discussed and analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this method can solve the CFAR detection problems for an airborne surveillance radar in the ground clutter background effectively.


Algorithms for the analysis of spectral information operate almost exclusively with real-number arithmetic on real-number entities; i.e. spectra. This is certainly so in the exploitation of imaging spectrometer data. Motivated by a desire to take advantage of the power of complex mathematics for spectral analysis and an attempt to incorporate additional spectral information into traditional exploitation techniques, a method to transform real-number spectra into complex numbers is presented. The esssence of the complex spectral analysis method (CSAM)is the population of the imaginary part of a complex number representation of a spectrum; the original, untransformed spectrum forms the real part of the complex number. Here, the imaginary part is assigned the magnitude of the separation between successive points in a spectrum; its sign is equal to the sign of the slope of the line segment connecting the two points. This parameterization is chosen to pack more information on spectral shape into signatures operated on by algorithms modified to process complex data. A spectral library of mineral signatures was converted to complex spectra. A confusion matrix of complex spectral angles was constructed for the transformed library. A confusion matrix of real spectral angles between the original, untransformed library signatures was generated for comparison. The CSAM signatures provide greater spectral separability with a lower number of hits (i.e. number of confusion matrix cells with angle values less than or equal to the threshold) per threshold angle compared to the real spectral angles. CSAM separability also exceeds that of appended spectra where an extended real spectrum is created by appending the transformed information onto the end of the original, real spectrum rather than creating a complex spectrum. Numerous spectral parameterizations (and information sources) for building complex spectra are suggested as is the utility of CSAM for hyperspectral information (HSI) analysis and exploitation.


Particles of semiconducting polyaniline and a copolyaniline bearing ionic substituents were synthesized. Electrorheological (ER) fluids using these particles were compared with each other with respect to their rheological properties and dielectric spectra. In the steady shear rheological experiment conducted at 3 kV/mm (DC) at 25°C, the copolymer system showed higher stress than the polyaniline system in the whole shear rate region. This result was interpreted in terms of the conductivities of the particles and their dielectric spectra. Especially, the different behavior in the high shear rate region can be related to the electrical relaxation phenomena observed in the dielectric spectra.


This study aims to examine the effect of employee motivation and competence on employee performance mediated by employee career development. The number of respondents as many as 42 respondents. All respondents are employees of PT Paramita Bangun Sarana, Tbk. Research with a quantitative approach. The data used in the form of primary data obtained from the results of filling out the questionnaire. The data was then analyzed using the Partial Least Square analysis technique using the SmartPLS program. Based on the results of the analysis of this study, it was concluded that motivation and competence had an effect on career development, motivation and competence had a positive effect on employee performance, career development had a positive effect on employee performance, and career development could mediate the indirect effect of motivation and competence on performance.


In this paper, we study the advantages of cooperation in broadcasting systems from a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite to mobile terminals (MTs), achieved through a terrestrial complementary ground station (CGS) with fixed installment, which acts as a relay. Moreover and in the context of the digital video broadcasting-satellite- to-handheld (DVB-SH) standard, the performance improvements offered by the rotated constellations method are investigated, where prior transmission, a phase rotation of the transmitted symbols by a fixed angle is applied followed by a random component interleaver. Turbo codes with soft decision decoding and appropriate random channel interleavers are also considered. We present analytical expressions for the bit log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) that are needed for soft decision decoding at the MT turbo decoder, while the code combining technique is adapted to improve the end-to-end (E2E) performance. Then, we obtain through extensive computer simulations the average bit error probability (ABEP) of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals received over pure land-mobile satellite (LMS) and pure CGS links for coding rates 1/3 and 6/7. Moreover, the optimal rotation angles are obtained for both links. E2E ABEP results are then presented assuming cooperation between GEO and CGS, while the power allocation issue is investigated under fixed total transmission power. Our performance evaluation results show that by using the constellation rotation technique, a performance gain can be achieved for high coding rates.


A theoretical study is presented on a type of Penning trap configuration referred to as an electron plasma ion trap/source. Ions in the configuration are confined within a three-dimensional electric potential well, which is produced by a combination of the electric field generated by the trap electrodes and the electric field generated by a trapped electron plasma. The ion density is not limited by the Brillouin ion density limit. Instead, the ion charge density must be smaller than the electron charge density. Various mechanisms that may limit the electron charge density are identified. Example calculations are used to find that the most restrictive limit on the electron charge density is likely to be the voltage difference that must be applied to trap the electron plasma parallel to a magnetic field. For confinement of low-charge-state ions, the ion temperature must be smaller than the electron temperature. Relatively long ion confinement times are found to be possible, however, because the equilibratio...


– This paper discusses the use of computer simulation in the field of computer graphic visualisation of aerodinamic characteristics in aircraft design. The application of the simulation was conducted through a comparative analysis of two computer fluid dynamics software packages on the example of three models of aircraft of the media franchise "Star Wars". The main theme of this work was the influence of aircraft design on the aerodynamic performance and how the modifications in shape affect the final results. The two software environments compared are SimScale CFD and Autodesk CFD. When comparing the software, conclusions were drawn about their advantages and disadvantages through the described user experience. Problems that have arisen and possible improvements are described. The aim of this paper is to present the advantages of using computer simulation technology for the needs of design evaluation and development. At the same time, through software comparative revision, their characterization and classification was performed. ______________________________________________


The feasibility of applying model predictive control(MPC) strategy on electric power steering(EPS) application was verified in this paper. The comparison of three different MPC implementation strategies were studied in EPS test environment. First, a high-fidelity EPS nonlinear driving environment that qualifies Automotive standards was established in Matlab/Simulink based on the dynamic quadratic model of the steady-state steering system to test PI control and MPC strategies. Second, three MPC implementation strategies were applied into the established EPS test environment in accordance with the automotive EPS test standard to evaluate their performances. Third, three different MPC implementation strategies and PI control strategy were compared with each other to find out which MPC strategy best suits the EPS application.


Utilizing (R)-H3CIA as a chiral template, an unprecedented homochiral metal-organic framework (MOF) with zeotype GIS topology is obtained from achiral 1.4-DIB ligands and Zn(II) ions, which opens up a feasible approach to create zeolitic MOFs with homochirality.


Objective: To Evaluate the injury of the teeth about the several scanling methods. Methods: To use the ultrasonic scaler,scaler,scraper and sand blast to clean the teeth,then to scan the samples with electronic microscope. Through polishing the teeth,to observe the recovery degree. Results: The results show that injury degree by sand blast is the lowest,scaler and scraper is middle,the ultrasonic scaler is the most serious.But after being polished,the superfacial structure of all the samples became smooth. Conclusion: There is no need to polish teeth when use the sand blast method,but it is need to polish teeth after using other three methods.


In practice, there are a lot of situations, in which the requirement of inadmissibility of vibrations in particular parts of hi-tech structures runs along with the strict requirements for mass and dimensions of the product. For example, such situations often occur in the regions of location of optical sensors or other sensitive devices, in microdevices, etc. One of the ways to solve this problem is the application of the specific approach to vibration damping – the use of piezoelectric elements attached to the structure and connected to external electric circuits [1]. As a rule, the appropriate selection of the external electric circuit allows damping of vibrations at one frequency. However, the strict requirements to the structure itself and to conditions of its operation often generate the need of damping several modes of vibrations. For the first time, the possibility of multimodal damping of vibrations in smart-structures with the aid of piezoelectric elements and external electric circuits was described in work [2]. At present, one can conventionally distinguish three groups of approaches to multimodal vibration damping, which are based on the use of one piezoelement and a complicated multiloop external electric circuit[2], several interconnected piezoelements and single external electric circuit[3] and several piezoelements, each being connected to its own external electric circuit [4]. Despite the advantages of these approaches they also have drawbacks, such as an increase in the mass of the damping device, difficulties with the adjustment and selection of parameters of several external electric circuits, elimination of mutual influence of piezoelements and electric circuit to ensure their effective operation, etc. In this paper, it is shown the possibility of multimodal vibration damping with aid of one piezoelectric element and one external electric passive RL-circuit by appropriate selection of parameters for the electric circuit. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research projects No. 16-31-00094-mol_a, 17-01-00421-a.


The history of science fiction (SF) in the movies is reviewed in depth. At this point in the Big Moon Dig story series, an artificial intelligence (AI) is needed placed in the new settlement on the Moon. Designing electronics for operation in space is difficult and two major AIs on Earth support this design effort. The question of whether or not the Earth-bound AIs can be considered the parents of the space-based AI is a key point of discussion. The story in this chapter, "Caterpillars on the Moon," features the landing of an inflatable habitat section on the Moon and its movement, caterpillar fashion, into position.


Objective The 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR; formerly the American Rheumatism Association) classifi cation criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been criticised for their lack of sensitivity in early disease. This work was undertaken to develop new classifi cation criteria for RA. Methods A joint working group from the ACR and the European League Against Rheumatism developed, in three phases, a new approach to classifying RA. The work focused on identifying, among patients newly presenting with undifferentiated infl ammatory synovitis, factors that best discriminated between those who were and those who were not at high risk for persistent and/ or erosive disease—this being the appropriate current paradigm underlying the disease construct 'RA'. Results In the new criteria set, classifi cation as 'defi nite RA' is based on the confi rmed presence of synovitis in at least one joint, absence of an alternative diagnosis better explaining the synovitis, and achievement of a total score of 6 or greater (of a possible 10) from the individual scores in four domains: number and site of involved joints (range 0–5), serological abnormality (range 0–3), elevated acute-phase response (range 0–1) and symptom duration (two levels; range 0–1). redefi nes RA features earlier associated with erosive disease, disease


Advances in treatment options and combination therapies have improved outcomes for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Periodic risk stratification, using risk scores that incorporate combinations of clinical variables and markers of right ventricular function, is important for prognosticating and guiding treatment decisions. Validated tools for risk stratification include the risk assessment table from recent European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) guidelines and the Registry to Evaluate Early And Long-term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) score. In observational studies, PAH patients who achieve multiple low-risk features with treatment have better long-term outcomes, supporting a goal-oriented treatment strategy with the low-risk profile as the ultimate treatment objective. However, a low-risk profile has not yet been rigorously tested as a clinical outcome in a trial setting. Because PAH is a rare disease, it is difficult to power clinical trials to demonstrate an effect on mortality. Instead, hemodynamic variables, the 6-minute walking distance, and composite endpoints including death and other important clinical morbidity events have been used in PAH clinical trials. Such endpoints overlook the importance of achieving a low-risk status as opposed to achieving clinical stability or delaying clinical events such as hospitalizations. A low-risk profile is clinically meaningful and warrants further validation as a potential surrogate outcome. With the emergence of precision medicine and molecular phenotyping, better patient selection and a valid surrogate endpoint could increase the efficiency, statistical power, and impact of future clinical trials in PAH.


A simple and reproducible method for the rapid extraction and determination of trace amounts of copper(II) ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and atomic absorption spectrometry was presented, which was based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI-18 DISKTM disks followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution was efficient and quantitative. The effect of potential interfering ions, pH, ligand amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break-through volume was found to be about 1000 mL providing a preconcentration factor of 400. The maximum capacity of the disks was found to be (255±5) µg for Cu2+, and the limit of detection of the proposed method was 5 ng per 1000 mL. The method was applied to the extraction and recovery of copper in different water samples.


Four critical requirements can be identified for the huilt- in self testing of programmable logic arrays (BIST PLA's): 1) the test set to test the PLA as well as the output response he independent of the function of the PLA; 2) the test pattern generator (TPG) and the response evaluator (RE) circuits be simple in order to keep the extra logic overhead to a minimum; 3) the fault coverage of the PLA be within acceptable limit; 4) The speed of test application be high. There are a number of BIST designs in the literature, but they do not in general meet all these requirements. In this paper we propose a BIST PLA design to incorporate all the four goals stated above. We adopt a new approach based on counting crosspoints as opposed to the conventional parity technique. In our design, the TPG and RE circuits are simple and consist of shift registers and counters. The design re- quires a reorganization of the columns of the PLA on the basis of the number of crosspoints. An important feature of this design is its extremely high fault cov- erage. The coverage for multiple faults is higher than that of any known BIST designs whereas the single fault coverage of the proposed design is 100 percent. The proposed design is simple and can easily he incor- porated into existing computer-aided design systems.


In this article, we describe the development of an expert system (ES) for tunnel design and preent some applications of the system. The system has been developed by our research group consisting of 21 people closely involved with the tunnel design under the leadership of Nagoya University. The system consists of four subexpert systems (1) ES for standard tunnel design methods, (2) ES for framed structure method, (3) ES for theoretical design methods, and (4) ES for numerical analysis design method; a common part to control the overall system; and two data base systems (tunnel data base system and rock mass data base system).


Among the Gaulish workshops, the centre of La Graufesenque (Aveyron, France) was a very important workshop of terra sigillata ceramics. During the first century AD, this centre produced vast quantities of sigillata table-wares, which were sold all over the Roman Empire, mainly in Gaul, Great Britain, Germany and Spain. The excavations showed that the centre had an organisation, which can be qualified as industrial with collective firing in very big kilns. The biggest kiln to fire this type of wares was found at La Graufesenque (Vernhet, 1981). Its capacity was estimated between 10 000 and 40 000 vessels. This centre has also given the greatest number of graffitis (or potters' logbooks). Up to now, as many as 400 graffitis have been found at La Graufesenque, whereas less than 10 have been found in other main workshops as Arezzo (Italy) or Lezoux (central Gaul). The number of pieces and the name of all the potters, who participated in the firing, are mentioned. The total number is between 20 000 and 35 000 pieces on each graffito. This is in good agreement with the estimated capacity of the big kiln. The excavations carried out at Montans correspond to a smaller scale production. The kilns were smaller and, up to now, only two graffitis have been found. This workshop also started the production of high quality sigillata, during the Tiberian period (AD 15-38), following a test period where Italian models were copied. The main diffusion was along the Atlantic coasts.


Understanding of the fundamentals of metal cutting processes through the experimental studies has some limitations. Metal cutting modelling provides an alternative way for better understanding of machining processes under different cutting conditions. Using the capabilities of finite element models, it has recently become possible to deal with complicated conditions in metal cutting. Finite element modelling makes it possible to model several factors that are present during the chip formation including friction at the chip tool interface. The aim of improved understanding of metal cutting is to find ways to have high quality machined surfaces, while minimizing machining time and tooling cost. Friction behaviour at the chip-tool interface is one of the complicated subjects in metal cutting that still needs a lot of work. Several models have been presented in the past with different assumptions. In the current model, the Coulomb friction model, which assumes a constant friction coefficient, is used to model the friction in order to simplify the model. The effect of the constant friction model is considered by analyzing the result for several friction coefficient values and comparing them to the previous work.As simulation tool for the purpose of this study, the FEM software used is DEFORM 3D. DEFORM 3D is a robust simulation tool that uses the FEM to model complex machining process in three dimensions. The simulation results on cutting forces and thrust forces, and shear angle are compared with experimental data in order to indicate the consistency and acccuracy of the results when conducting the comparison.


The demand for ICME was realised already in the last decade of the 20th century, where G. B. Olson published a number of papers on computational design of hierarchically structured materials [1]. He pointed out that the links between (i) processing and structure, (ii) structure and properties, and (iii) properties and performance are crucial for a systematic design of new materials (Fig. 1). Note that the term "structure" is used in a broad sense including composition. In USA, ICME was rated as a topic of national strategic importance and even as a matter of national security [2]. Consequently substantial funding was allocated. E.g., a Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) was founded in 2011, which coordinates the activities of all relevant governmental and funding organisations in USA [3]. Goal is to provide a R&D infrastructure which allows to discover, to manufacture and to deploy advanced materials at least twice as fast and at much lower cost than today. The scope is a bit wider than with initial ICME since the MGI combines computational tools with advanced experimental tools and digital data handling. While the focus is on computational methods, experimental tools are intended to fi ll the gaps until all links (compare Fig. 1) are established. Experiments are considered essential for model validation as well. High throughput screening is considered as a valu able tool for fast data generation. Digital data handling is mainly a topic of data exchange between different research groups addressing data bases, standardisation of data formats and the qualifi cation of data. A comprehensive review on ICME was pres ented by J. H. Panchal et al. in 2013 [4]. They point out that the top-down approach, where materials composition, structure and processing parameters are derived from the product requirements, is still very ambitious and needs much more research. Also the relevance of structure is usually under estimated and not suffi ciently taken into account in current databases. Therefore, a Microstructure Sensitive Design (MSD) was proposed. Panchal et al. also emphasize the importance of adequate handling of experimental and modeling uncertainties. A proper balance of the trade-off between higher uncertainty on one hand and higher cost on the other hand requires better knowledge on error propagation and their impact on decision making within the development chain. Verifi cation (the process of ensuring that the model meets the requirements) and validation (the proof that the model works in the right way) are core components of ICME which are still underdeveloped. Model experiments are also considered as a valuable alternative if reliable ab initio simulations are not available [4]. In Europe, there were relatively little activities on ICME. One of them was the ICMEg Integrated Computational Ceramics Engineering – an Approach to Radically Reduce Time-to-Market


The new IOF52- dianion was prepared in the form of its cesium salt by heating stoichiometric amounts of CsF, I2O5, and IF5 to 162 °C for 14 days. The white stable solid was characterized by vibrati...


In late January, 1962, my attention was attracted to reports of an outbreak of congenital malformations in children being born in Germany and its possible relation to a specific drug. Because of my interest in congenital malformations of the heart I decided to examine the situation myself. My trip was supported by grants from the International Society of Cardiology Foundation, the Heart Association of Maryland, and the National Institute of Health. I travelled throughout West Germany with the exception of West Berlin. The results of this investigation seem to me so important and so pressing that I feel it my duty to report them to the medical profession without further delay. The malformation with which I was concerned was phocomelia; the name comes from the Greek words Phokos , meaning seal, and Melos , meaning extremities. According to definition the development of the limb buds is so affected that the hands and


The study on qualitative composition of invertebrates with special overview on the abundance of brown hydra, in association with submerged species of eurasian water milfoil was conducted in Lake Gornjogradsko in Osijek during spring 2007. Recorded physical and chemical water parameters (conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration and saturation) within M. spicatum stands corresponded with the sampling period and indicated eutrophication. The following groups of invertebrates were recorded: Ciliata, Cladocera, Copepoda, Chironomidae larvae and Nematoda. The relationship between the density of brown hydra and the size of macrophyte stems, macrophyte biomass, periphyton biomass and total biomass (macrophyte + periphyton biomass) was analyzed. The highest statistical correlation was found between the density of brown hydra and the size of macropyte stems. Smaller correlation was recorded between the density of brown hydra and total biomass. Between brown hydra density and macrophyte biomass statistically significant correlation (r=0.62, df=33, p<0.001) was also found. The lowest but still significant correlation was found between the density of brown hydra and the periphyton biomass (r=0.32, df=33, p=0.05). M. spicatum with its dissected leaves serve as a favourable microhabitat for hydras because it provides shelter against predators and at the same time periphyton as available food resource. The presented water body the Lake Gornjogradsko in Osijek being located in the city itself and easily approachable and favourable place for a " natural classroom" where pupils and the students of the Faculty of Teacher Education can observe, investigate, study and teach science. Paying a visit to this Lake can serve as an ideal place for cross-curricular activities and a great possibility for future teachers and pupils to perform a joint creative work since they are together involved in preparation and performance of tuition in natural environment.


Chinese Marxism is a theoretical system open to the practice and innovation.Marxism benefits from Chinese traditional culture,global achievements of civilization,historical experiences and lessons.Consequently,it remains vigorous and vital as a spiritual support for the Chinese Communist Party.


To assess the clinical utility of two staging models for bipolar disorder by examining distribution, correlation, and the relationship to external criteria. These are primarily defined by the recurrence of mood episodes (model A), or by intra‐episodic functioning (model B).


There are many different procedures for surgical operation on the stapes in the treatment of otosclerotic deafness. Each is capable of restoring the patient's hearing completely, but the procedures differ in the degree of risk involved. From experience with more than 5,000 stapes operations, the author concludes that no single technique guarantees complete success, and none is guaranteed against some failures. Total stapedectomy, when necessary, has been very effective, but it carries the greatest risk of irremediable cochlear damage and even total deafness. The author therefore believes that the proper order in choosing techniques for stapes surgery is to begin with mobilization and end with stapedectomy.


An increase in periodic acid-Schiff reactivity after saponification has been demonstrated in the gastrointestinal tract mucins of man, rat, rabbit and guinea pig. Tins pH-dependent phenomenon is independent of fixation and processing since it occurred in cryostat sections of fresh and formalin-fixed tissue and in paraffin sections of tissues fixed in eight different fixatives. In man and rat this effect occurs at the level of the ileocecal valve and below; in guinea pig it is confined to the large intestine and rectum; while in rabbits it occurs in Brunner's glands, the ileocecal valve and below. In man the increase is found throughout the crypts whereas in rabbits the effect is seen mainly at the luminal end; in rats it is seen largely at the base of the crypts; and in guinea pigs it is variable. This effect, due to an increase in the number of 1:2 glycol groups, is accompanied in man, rat and guinea pig by an increase in basophilia due to the presence of sulfate and/or other highly acidic groups.


Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the multifactorial etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). To this end, prevalence of occlusal factors and parafunctional habits was investigated and correlated in two groups: patients with TMD (case group) and patients without TMD (control group). Methods: Prevalence of 7 static and 4 dynamic malocclusion features, and some parafunctional activities (nail biting, teeth grinding, teeth clenching, lips and cheeks biting, pens chewing, mandibular jaw moves habit...) were recorded in the two groups. Case group consisted of 30 patients with a diagnosis of myofascial pain, with or without limited opening, and/or disk displacement with or without reduction. Control group consisted of 30 patients without TMD. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify the significant associations between occlusal variables, oral parafunctions and temporomandibular disorders. Results: All patients in case group, and 93.3% in control group had at least one malocclusion, and a statistically significant association between TMD and three malocclusions (two dynamic malocclusion features: mediotrusive interferences, laterotrusive interferences, and one static malocclusion: overbite >4 mm) was shown. Regarding parafunctional activities, all patients in case group, and 93,3% in control group had at least one parafunction, and the mean number of parafunctions per patient was significantly higher in case group than in control group. Besides, an association between TMD and some parafunctions was shown. Conclusion: Given the multifactorial nature of TMD, a behavioral reeducation to reduce parafunctional activities could be the first phase of the care for TMD patients and could prevent TMD development. Besides, special attention should be given to normocclusion criteria. These criteria must be fulfilled for any dental care.


The following conversation aims to trace the role of gesture and gestural thinking in Rebecca Schneider's work, and to tease out the specific gestural ethics which arises in her writings. In particular, Schneider thinks about the politics of citation and reiteration for an ethics of call and response that emerges in the gesture of the hail. Both predicated upon a fundamentally ethical relationality and susceptible to ideological investment, the hail epitomises the operations of the "both/and"—a logic of conjunction that structures and punctuates the history of thinking on gesture from the classic Brechtian tactic in which performance both replays and counters conditions of subjugation to Alexander Weheliye's reclamation of this tactic for black and critical ethnic studies. The gesture of the hail will lead us, then, to the gesture of protest in the Black Lives Matter movement. The hands that are held up in the air both replay (and respond to) the standard pose of surrender in the face of police authority and call for a future that might be different. Schneider's ethics of response-ability thus rethinks relationality as something that always already anticipates and perpetually reinaugurates possibilities for response.


Arrestin-domain-containing proteins belong to the arrestin family, embers of which are important for regulating signal transduction within cells. In this study, two ARRDC genes (ARRDC1 and ARRDC5) of Diannan small-ear pigs were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and cloned for the first time (accession nos.: KF589202 and KF589203). The full-length coding sequence of ARRDC1 was 1284 nucleotides in length (molecular weight, 45.6 kDa; pI, 7.61) and encoded 427 amino acids. The ARRDC5CDS was 1014 nucleotides in length (molecular weight, 37.5 kDa; pI, 7.08) and encoded 337 amino acids. Sequence homology analysis revealed that the amino acid sequences of Diannan small-ear pig ARRDC1 had 94.1%, 93.9%, 93.4%, 92.3%, 89.4%, 88.3%, and 84.7% identity with those of Bos taurus, Tursiops truncatus, Felis catus, Canis lupus, Capra hircus, Homo sapiens,and Mus musculus, respectively; Diannan small-ear pig ARRDC5 had 84.9%, 86.9%, 81.2%, 86.9%, 84.3%, 81.2%, and 71.2% identity with the same species, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of ARRDC1 and ARRDC5 from 7 species showed that swine have close genetic relationships with Tursiops truncatus. Tissue expression analyses by quantitative PCR revealed that the mRNA expression levels of ARRDC1 and ARRDC5 were different in various tissues of the Diannan small-ear pig. ARRDC1 was highly expressed in the testis, thyroid, submandibular gland, and kidney, while ARRDC5 was onlyexpressed in the testis, thyroid, and thymus. This study will aid investigations regarding the role of porcine ARRDC1 and ARRDC5 in regulating signal transduction within cells.