We develop a string-net construction of a modular functor whose algebraic input is a pivotal bicategory; this extends the standard construction based on a spherical fusion category. An essential ingredient in our construction is a graphical calculus for pivotal bicategories, which we express in terms of a category of colored corollas. The globalization of this calculus to oriented surfaces yields the bicategorical string-net spaces as colimits. We show that every rigid separable Frobenius functor between strictly pivotal bicategories induces linear maps between the corresponding bicategorical string-net spaces that are compatible with the mapping class group actions and with sewing. Our results are inspired by and have applications to the description of correlators in two-dimensional conformal field theories.


This monograph, published in 2 parts, comprehensively reviews production, trade, processing, chemistry, and evaluation of quality. Botany, world var., agronomy, crop improvement and potential are reviewed briefly with emphasis on the yield of functional components. Processing for the market, international trade patterns, and factors influencing them are discussed. Derived products such as ginger powder, syruped ginger, volatile oil, and oleoresin are discussed in greater detail. The increasing world demand for quality products of added value such as the oleoresin and volatile oil show the prospects for their production in the growing countries. The chemistry of the components which contribute aroma and pungency that characterize ginger is critically reviewed. The second part deals with evaluation of quality. The physico-chemical parameters prescribed as a measure of quality for ginger and its products in the existing standards can assure only hygienic quality and purity, and possibly the source, when new parameters such as GC-fingerprints are included. The importance of sensorily evaluating flavour quality is emphasized to understand the variation in flavour quality required by the industrial and retail markets. Related areas, such as problems in sensory evaluation of intense flavoured substances, objective flavour profile analysis, and correlation of instrumental and sensory data, are discussed and our recent work in this area is summarized. Areas where more research are needed are indicated. Other areas briefly discussed are functional, physiological, and toxicological properties in use of ginger; biosynthetic aspects of the components stimulating flavour; and structure and pungency and chemistry of spices from allied species and genera. A comprehensive bibliography is provided to aid in further study and research.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionInfant mortality rate (IMR) is defined as the number of deaths within one year of age per 1,000 live births (1). The IMR is considered to be one of the important indicators of a population's health and well-being along with life expectancy (LE) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR) (2, 3). In the year of 2010, the IMR of the United States was 6.6 per 1000, compared with 66.9 per 1000 in Sudan (4). This tenfold difference in IMR reveals a large gap in health conditions between these two nations. As IMRs from developed countries are generally lower than those in developing countries, the IMR is also a reflection of general socioeconomic conditions across different countries.With improvement in socioeconomic conditions, improvement in health care for deliveries and newborns, and with recent efforts made by the World Health Organization (WHO), the global IMR has been decreasing in most countries of the world (5). According to the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4), the global mortality rates for children who are younger than five years old are supposed to be reduced by two-thirds from 1990 to 2015 (6, 7).Although the IMR has declined to a relatively low level in some countries in recent decades, there are still many infants, especially those from the developing countries, who are suffering from many risk factors that lead to high IMR. Our study of time trend of IMR over the past a few decades will provide the health organizations and the general public a clear insight into this global health issue. In our article, we have investigated recent achievements regarding reductions in the IMR, globally with a special attention on specific nations or regions. We modeled the current trend of IMRs and measured gaps from the goal as set in the MDG4 (8), etc. The results from this study will help us to better understand the trend of IMR to formulate strategies for improvement in the IMRs and to decide where to focus our attention and efforts and how to allocate the health resources around the world more effectively (9).MethodsIn this study we used countries as the study units (2). For each of the countries, annual IMR data were collected and the earliest time point in records starts from 1932. In our regression analysis model, the response variable is the IMR and the independent variable is the time (year).Our data set includes annual infant mortality rate for 195 countries/regions around the world between the times of May 1932 to May 2010. The data set is mainly collected from the Child Mortality Estimates (CME) website: http://www.childmortality.org (4), compiled with those from the World Bank website (7). A closer examination of the data set showed that for most of the countries/regions, the data were mostly missing before 1950. To deal with this issue, we set the time interval starting from 1950 for our study. Countries with sparse data were not included in the study. Also we took consideration to cover countries from different continents and at different level of socioeconomic status in order to investigate the influence of those factors on the trend of the IMR. To make it representative and comprehensive, we selected the countries and regions that are listed in Table 1.Statistical methodThe linear regression model is formulated as ynxi = Xnxpspxi + snxi, where n indicates the number of observations, p indicates the number of covariate. We assume the error term £ ~ Nn(0, a2In), which leads to the ordinary-least-squares (OLS) estimator of s (10):... (1)with variance-covariance matrix:... (2)However, in our study this ideal assumption of error terms cannot always be satisfied-there may be some correlations among the error terms, which can be modeled with a more general assumption of e ~ Nn(0, X), where the error-covariance matrix X is symmetric and positive-definite. Different diagonal entries in X represent non-constant error variances and nonzero off-diagonal entries correspond to correlated errors. …


This paper evaluates two different implementations of a bidirectional flyback converter for driving a capacitive electro active actuator, which must be charged and discharged from 0 V to 2.5 kV DC and vice versa, supplied from a 24 V battery. In one implementation, a high voltage MOSFET (4 kV) in series with a high voltage blocking diode is added, in parallel with a high voltage freewheeling diode of a conventional flyback topology, to enable bidirectional operation. Experimental result from a digitally controlled bidirectional flyback converter shows that the discharge energy efficiency is limited by the parasitics of the high voltage active components, which also prevent full utilization of valley switching during discharge process. A second implementation is therefore proposed, where the secondary of flyback transformer winding is split into multiple windings which are connected in series by lower voltage rating MOSFETs driven by a gate drive transformer. Simulation results to compare the operation of conventional and proposed converters are provided. The advantages of proposed implementation are improved energy efficiency and lower cost. Experimental results with two series connected secondary windings are provided to validate the proposed implementation.


We have discovered a bonded metal body consisting essentially of (in weight percent), about 5-40 Cr, 2-30 SURROUNDING OF AL, 0-5 AROUND A SPECIAL METAL, SURROUNDING A 0-4 A STRANGE LAND OXIDE ADDITIVE, AND COMPENSATION OF IRON METAL GROUP, and unavoidable impurities, the compound includes at least one component selected from COMPONENT AND / OR COMPONENT B, component A SPECIAL METAL, and component B AT LEAST, an effective amount of an additive OXIDE STRANGE LAND. STILL THE SPECIAL METAL initial special metal component, and optionally, a second metal component SPECIAL WHEN THE ADDITIVE OXIDE TERRESTRE STRANGE is 0, the first metal COMPONENT SPECIAL comprises at least one of: Y, lanthanides, Zr, Hf, TI IF, YB and the second metal component SPECIAL, consisting of at atleast one of: ALKALINE EARTH METAL, CU, and SN, AND STILL THE SPECIAL METAL, A THIRD METALICOESPECIAL COMPONENT WHEN THE ADDITIVE OXIDE TERRESTRE STRANGE IS GREATER THAN 0, THE THIRD SPECIAL metal component, consisting of at least one of Y, lanthanides, Zr, Hf, Ti, Si, METAL TERRESTRE ALCALINO, B, CU, and SN. THE BODY IS EXCELLENT IN RESISTANCE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES oxidation, IN HEAT RESISTANCE IN THE CORROSION RESISTANCE, AND MAY BE USED BY HIMSELF AS A DRIVER FOR CATALYST FOR PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GASES, ETC. OR AS A CATALYST monolithic, comprising a CATALYST DRIVER KEPT UP, AND AS A HEATER OR CATALYTIC CONVERTER, PROVIDING ELECTRODOS on the body.


The research objective was to analyzing the characteristics and eco-physiological responses of cash crops in the agroforestry system on the different levels of shading; physiological responses of annual crops to shading and some agro-climate zones; analyzing the characteristics of shade-tolerant plants. The level of shading had an impact on the differences in the morpho-physiological characteristics of annual crops. It was found that that the most suitable plants grown with the agroforestry pattern were Lycopersicon esculentum Mill in zone A; Colocasia esculenta L. in zone A and B; Capsicum frustescens L. in zone B and C; and Zea mays L. saccharata. in zone C. The characteristics that mostly determined the tolerance of the annual crops to the shade were the high interception of solar radiation, the coefficient of light and darkness as well as increased levels of chlorophyll a and b, the reduced ratio of chlorophyll a/b. Some physiological characteristics of plants were found to be related to the efficiency in the capture and use of solar radiation intensity, which include: photosynthesis rate, Photosyntetic Active Radiation (PAR), stomata conductance and CO2 internal. The critical point in developing annual crops as a constituent of the agroforestry pattern was obtained in the treatment: intensity ofsolarradiation 120-230 cal/cm 2 /day (40-50% shade).


Traditionally the owner of an asset collects the economic rents generated by that asset. However, in this paper we recognize that there are situations where it is optimal for the owner of the asset to share the rents with others. Specifically we consider brands and identify situations where it is optimal for brand owners to share rents with the distribution channel (intermediaries). The basic notion is that the intermediaries frequently can take action that enhance or maintain brand equity or sales, and consequently increase the rent generated. Sharing rents can be used to influence intermediaries behavior, and as such rents subsidize promotional strategies. In this paper we use a brand life cycle perspective to examine when the use of rents is useful to enact the optimal mix and intensity of 'pull' (manufacturer) and 'push' (distribution channel) promotional strategies.


Characterization of various stages of development (immatures and adults) and exoskeletal fragments of adult specimens of seven cockroach species by pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) showed that species-specific peaks or peak groups are not influenced by these biological parameters. Species differentiation was easily accomplished for all samples analyzed, with only slight changes in peak intensities noted in pyrograms within a species. These data indicate that PGC may be a precise and accurate method for identifying insect exoskeletal tissue.


I found the book started slowly, but offered some interesting interpretations of the reasons why highly sensitive people react differently in situations.


CJ : A lymphom atoid granuloma tosis of the lungs in young dogs. Vet Path ol 16:405-4 12, 1979 8 Moulton J E: Tumors of the respira tory system. In: T umors in Dom estic Anima ls, 2nd ed. , p. 2 19. University of Californ ia Press, Berkeley, CA, 1978 9 Nichols PW , Koss M, Lukes RJ : Lymphoma to id gran ulomatosis: a T-cell d isorder? Am J Med 72:4 67-471, 1982 10 Neer TM , Wald ron DR , Miller RI : Eosinophilic pulmonary gra nulomatosis in 2 dogs and literature review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:593-599, 1986 II Postorino NC, Wheeler SL, Park RD , Powers BE, With-


The linear buckling analysis of laminated composite cylindrical and conical shells under thermal load using the finite element method is reported here. Critical temperatures are presented for various cases of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated shells. The effects of radius/thickness ratio, number of layers, ratio of coefficients of thermal expansion, and the angle of fiber orientation have been studied. The results indicate that the buckling behavior of laminated shell under thermal load is different from that of mechanically loaded shell with respect to the angle of fiber orientation. Content H IGH-speed aerospace vehicles consisting of thin-shell elements are subjected to aerodynamic heating. This induces a temperature distribution over the surface and thermal gradient through the thickness of the shell. The compressive stresses, which in these circumstances develop, may cause buckling. Recently fiber-reinforced, laminated composites have begun to be used extensively in aerospace vehicle construction due to the high specific properties of the composites. In view of the above, the thermal buckling analysis of laminated composite shell assumes importance. Thermal buckling of isotropic cylindrical and conical shells have been reviewed by Bushnell. 1 Chang and Card2 investigated thermal buckling of stiffened, orthotropic, multilayered cylindrical shells. The governing equations obtained through the minimization of the total potential energy were solved by the finite difference technique with a few cases of practical problems. Nevertheless, this technique cannot be extended to other complex geometries and loading conditions. In this paper the Semiloof shell element formulated by Irons,3 which was adapted by the authors for thermal stress analyses of laminated plates and shells,4 is being extended to thermal buckling problems. The derivation of governing equation is a standard procedure, which uses the principle of minimum total potential energy. The characteristic finite element equilibrium equation thus obtained is [Ks] [q] = [F] where [Ks] is the structural stiffness matrix, [q} is the nodal displacement vector and [F] is the consistent nodal load vector. In order to establish the critical buckling state corresponding to the neutral equilibrium condition, the second variation of the total potential must be equated to zero, which gives rise to the condition, | [Ks] + \[Kg] j = 0, where [Kg] is the geometric stiffness matrix and X is the eigenvalue. The computer program (COMSAP) developed based on this formulation can handle general temperature variations, lamination parameters, and various boundary conditions. The material properties considered in the analysis of laminated shells are En/En = 10, Glt/Ett = 0.5,


The bronze bug is an important pest of Eucalyptus trees. Originally restricted to Australia, it has become an important pest of Eucalyptus plantations, colonizing in 15 years the major production areas worldwide. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the factors affecting the oviposition behavior of the bronze bug within a multitrophic system comprised of its host plant (Eucalyptus spp.), a common co-occurring sap-feeder (Glycaspis brimblecombei) and a specialist egg parasitoid (Cleruchoides noackae). I assessed the life parameters of this species in a newly developed rearing. Based on the preference-performance hypothesis, I tested the effects of host-plant quality, conspecifics, or the infestation by a potential competitor on preference-performance correlations of the bronze bug. The egg parasitoid (C. noackae) was introduced, reared, and released. Finally, I assessed host-selection behavior of the parasitoid, testing its responses towards different contact cues. The findings of this investigation provided new insights on the oviposition behavior by true bugs, and towards the development of management strategies for T. peregrinus.


according to climate and topography of Rong county,those are investigated and analyzed yield traits and external agronomy character of four foreign wheat breeds,China Ⅰ,InitiateⅠ,Initiate Ⅱ,685-25-1,and one wheat breed,107,in Sichuan province,in order to prepare to select suitable wheat breed.


Woodworkers are particularly susceptible to inhalation of sawdust exposure. Exposure to sawdust for a long time causes various health problems and causes the damage of the epithelium to a barrier. This study aims to identify whether inhaled sawdust can cause changes in the nasal mucosa and the occurrence of an inflammatory process. This study was a cross-sectional analytical study. Data were collected from July 2021 to January 2022 from the nasal cavity swab of 35 woodworkers who had worked for 1 to 5 years. The assessment was carried out by cytological examination to identify epithelial changes in the form of mild and moderate dysplasia, while the inflammation was found in the form of acute and chronic inflammation. Twenty-six (74.3%) samples were normal, 7 (20%) samples had mild dysplasia, and 2 (5.7%) samples had moderate dysplasia. Whereas 20 (57.1%) were found to have no inflammation, 8 (22.9%) were with acute inflammation, and 7 (20.0%) were found to have chronic inflammation). Fisher's exact test showed a relationship between the inflammatory process and epithelial changes (p 0.020). In conclusion, sawdust inhaled showed changes in the epithelial mucosa and inflammatory processes of the nasal cavity.


Urinary tract infection (UTI) affecting up to 5–10% of pregnant women. Three clinical types of pregnancy are distinguished: asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), acute cystitis and pyelonephritis. ASB is microbiological diagnosis which should be based on results of culturing of urine samples. ASB is the risk factor of a symptomatic UTI, severe maternal and fetal complications. Screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is recommended in all pregnant women.


Aim. To reveal the systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to match them with respiratory function parameters and extrapulmonary manifestations as the disease progresses. Methods. 160 patients were examined (128 patients with different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - the study group, and 32 healthy volunteers - the control group). Clinical examination, serum cytokine concentration measurement, lung function tests, airway resistance and lung volumes evaluation, assessment of hemodynamic parameters, bone mineral density assessment were conducted. Correlations between listed parameters were estimated. Results. It was found that the activation of systemic inflammation occurs at the early stages of the disease with the further increase as it progresses, as was shown by the increase of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein levels in the study group compared to the control. The relation between spirometry parameters and inflammatory markers confirmed the role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression and cardiovascular complications development. A correlation between the C-reactive protein level and forced expiratory volume at 1st second (FEV 1), as well as between TNF-α level and FEV 1, TNF-α level and lung vital capacity was found. The study also confirmed the role of lung hyperinflation in pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale occurrence and progression: mean pulmonary arterial pressure correlated with residual volume to total lung capacity ratio in patients with FEV 1 >50% and in patients with FEV 1 <50%. Significant correlations between lung function and parameters of pulmonary hemodynamics (FEV 1 with right ventricular end-diastolic dimension) were revealed. Correlations between femoral neck bone mineral density and residual lung volume and diffusing lung capacity confirmed the role of progressive emphysema and hypoxia in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusion. Correlations between the severity of airway obstruction and systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were revealed.


Tracheotomies are commonly performed for the patients with low GCS who needs a respiratory support. Still over the period there existed a controversy when to do tracheotomy ?  Early or late. Our study aimed at reassessing the complications of delayed tracheotomy versus the advantages of the early tracheostomy. This was a prospective comparative, observational study comprising of 140 patients in 2 different hospitals admitted to the neurosurgery ICU with poor GCS. Group A: Early tracheostomy (2-5 days) and Group B: Late tracheostomy (7-14 days). Both groups were followed ,Early tracheostomy required a mechanical ventilator support for average  5-8 days with early weaning  whereas late tracheostomy required 12-20 days of mechanical


This paper presents a dual six-port network analyzer in the W frequency band (75-110 GHz). Schottky diodes operating in AC detection mode are used as power detectors. A linearization procedure for the behaviour of these diodes and a "LRL", Line Reflect Line, calibration technique are used to improve the measurement accuracy. Finally, some experimental results performed with the six-port network analyzer are presented.


A formalism is developed which can be used to calculate nuclear level densities with realistic interactions. The grand partition function is constructed and the level density is obtained by Laplace inversion. The formalism is a generalization of the technique used when the only residual interaction is the pairing force. It takes into account both Hartree-Fock and pairing-type effects. Illustrative examples are given.


While transection of the sciatic nerve results in a complete ipsilateral extinction of FRAP activity in respective segments of the rat spinal cord, cutaneous denervation of the hind leg induces a patchy disappearance of this same enzyme in the Rolando substance. the possible participation of FRAP in metabolism of the primary sensory transmitter substance, its relation to substance P and its involvement in gating mechanisms are discussed.


Human nonmetastatic clone 23 Type 1 (nm23‐H1) is demonstrated to have diverse roles in metastasis and survival for many cancers, which are probably caused via different impacts on its downstream genes. Our preliminary study using cDNA genechip found that lipocalin 2 seems to be a significant downstream gene of nm23‐H1 in SiHa cancer cells of uterine cervix. Therefore, we investigated the expression and correlation of nm23‐H1 and lipocalin 2 in cancer metastasis and their implication in recurrence and survival of cervical cancer patients. In our study, we knocked down SiHa cancer cells by short hairpin RNA for nm23‐H to detect its impact on the promoter activity and gene expression of lipocalin 2. In addition to nm23‐H1 knockdown, lipocalin 2 gene was overexpressed to detect their implication in metastatic phenotypes. We further used immunohistochemical methods for 100 cancer tissue cores of cervical tissue microarrays to correlate the expression of nm23‐H1 and lipocalin 2 with recurrence and survival of cancer patients. Our findings showed that nm23‐H1 knockdown SiHa cancer cells increased lipocalin 2 promoter activity and gene expression, then decreased cells migration and invasion. They displayed cobblestone‐like appearance and decreased interior fibers. Cervical cancer patients with positive nm23‐H1 and negative lipocalin 2 expression had the worst recurrence probability and overall survival. In conclusion, when nm23‐H1 gene is knocked down in SiHa cervical cancer cells, cells migration and invasion decrease through elevated expression of lipocalin 2. Cervical cancer patients with positive nm23‐H1 and negative lipocalin 2 should be followed and treated intensely.


Background Xeroderma pigmentosum occurs in all races. There is little information on its clinical picture, frequency, and types of malignant lesions in individuals of African negroid extraction.


This article draws attention to the convergence of the global development and security agendas at the beginning of the new millennium. It explores the links between global governance, development and human security. It argues that material sufficiency lies at the core of human security. Hence, the problems of poverty and deepening inequality are central concerns, and the unfolding of these problems in the 1980s and 1990s is highlighted. During the closing decades of the 20th century, a neoliberal vision dominated the global development policy agenda, while these problems of inequality deepened. The policy was developed, championed and implemented by a range of global governance institutions, working through state governments. The idea and the institutions of global governance are examined critically, with a view to establishing in whose interest global governance and its associated development policies may be operating, and whether this is in support of human security.


Introduction A discomfort drawing is a drawing on a body picture where a patient may shade all areas of discomfort in preparation for a visit with health care personal. The drawing has been shown to be able to make diagnostic predictions especially to discern neuropathic from nociceptive and psychiatric diseases (Bertilson et al., 2007). The contribution of this work is using multi-view topic modelling (Blei et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2013) on diagnostic prediction using discomfort drawings. This is a novel application of a principled framework. A dataset is collected from real-life clinic cases with medical expert labels. The model is able to give reasonable diagnostic predictions in the experiments. This shows that using machine learning on diagnosis using discomfort drawing is a promising direction.


Modern systems of electric supply (SES) of space aircrafts make up a complicated complex of energy sources of transforming distributed devices united as the system of automatic control designed to supply board loads. On the whole the load is divided into two main components, i.e. 1 service load (objective system); 2 auxiliary systems providing the work of the objective system and named as a platform.


The society has been organized from the supply viewpoint and private or public
suppliers. Information on characteristics of goods and services is quite limited by the
nature of the relation among consumers and suppliers. Hence, those who produces,
distributes or sells perfectly know the good or service. Purchaser can only get access to
such information through data that has been provided. Attention should be placed that in
the Consumer Defense Organic Law several failures have been found, that hinder
compliance of consumers´ rights, provided in the Constitution and the law. The reason is a
relevant fragmentation of consumer – supplier relation could seriously endanger the
market, moreover considering that all of us are involved in it. In other countries,
consumers are a true community working to eradicate malicious and ilegal behaviors,
while in our country such initiatives are inexistent, bacause most of them deen it is a state
and its agencies´ trouble. Consumer´s prevention is one of the essential hubs for
surveillance and control of illegal behaviors in the application of the comsumer´s rights.
Hence, it is relevant to establish solid basis regarding legal bodies responsible for
providing parameters, regarding the consumer´s rights and hence, foreigner laws should be
concidered as a guideline that can set an example for a better management of such legal
institutions in the future.


Preliminary data are examined from a project in which the variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation across northern Canada and the implications for paleoclimatic reconstruction are examined. The data set shows a geographic variability of about 6%o in isotopic composition of precipitation across the Canadian Arctic, roughly double the temporal variability seen in the ice core records from the last 10,000 years. The seasonal variability in average monthly δ 18 O values from the arctic stations in 1991 was as much as 26%o. A snow and firn core collected on Bylot Island had arange of 14.8%o, compared to the range in average monthly precipitation of 25.6%o covering the same time period. This difference in the observed seasonal range of values is the result of processes operating in the snow pack, such as vapor movement and molecular diffusion, and the strategy used in sampling the core.

 The results indicate that a much better understanding of the geographic and seasonal variation in the δ 18 O values of precipitation is required before a direct linkage between the isotope records in ice cores and global climate change can be determined. Using recently developed radiocarbon dating techniques, buried glacier ice that has been preserved in permafrost may be able to provide the greater spatial and temporal detail required.

 Resume

 Dans le present article, on etudie des donnees preliminaires d'un projet de la variation de la composition isotopique des precipitations dans le nord du Canada et ou, on s'interesse a l'applicabilite de telles mesures dans les reconstiutions paleoclimatiques. Le jeu de donnees indique qu'il existe une variabilite geographique de 6 %o dans la composition isotopique des precipitations a travers l'Arctique canadien, ce qui est le double environ de la variabilite temporelle observee dans le carottes de glace des derniers 10,000 ans. La variabilite saisonniere des valeurs moyennes mensuelles de 18 O mesuree en 1991 a partir de stations arctiques atteint 26 %o. Une carotte de neige et de neve prelevee sur l'ile Bylot a montre une fourchette de variation de 14,8 %o, a comparer avec une fourchette des variations moyennes mensuelles des precipitations de 25,6 %o pour la meme periode. Les differences de fourchette de valeurs saisonnieres observees dependent des processus se deroulant au sein meme de la couverture neigeuse, comme les mouvements de la phase gazeuse et la diffusion moleculaire, ainsi que des techniques de prelevement employees.

 Les resultats montrent qu'il faudra beaucoup ameliorer notre comprehension des variations geographiques et saisonnieres des valeurs de 18 O des precipitations avant que l'on puisse faire un lien direct entre la variation du profil isotopique des carottes de glace et un changement climatique a l'echelle du globe. L'utilisation de techniques de datation par le radiocarbon mises au point recemment sur des glaces de glacier enfouies et preservees dans le pergelisol permettra peut-etre d'atteindre la precision necessaire dans les mesures spatiales et temporelles.


........................................................................................................3 Executive Summary..........................................................................................4 Acknowledgements...........................................................................................7 Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................8 Background...........................................................................................8 Previous Research....................................................................................9 Statement of Problem...............................................................................11 Purpose of the Study................................................................................11 Thesis Proposal Overview..............................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Literature Review............................................................................12 Research Questions/Objectives...............................................................................22 Chapter 3: Methodology...................................................................................23 Methodological Approach.......................................................................23 Current Campaigns..................................................................................26 Sample................................................................................................29 Instrument............................................................................................30 Measures.............................................................................................30 Reliability and Validity..............................................................................33 Data Analysis........................................................................................33 Timeline ........................................................................................................................36 Chapter 4: Results .......................................................................................37 Discussion............................................................................................37 Limitations of the Research........................................................................44 Suggested Research.................................................................................44 Bibliography..................................................................................................46 RUNNING HEAD: #PawnderAdoption: Increasing Rates Among Shelters


"Can it be a little modern or must it scream?" In Mid-century Modern Glass in America , veteran glass collector and author Dean Six (along with contributor Paul Eastwood) tackles this and other intriguing questions as he welcomes readers to the subset ofglassware known as American Mid-Century Modern (AMCM).


The effect of acute subcutaneous administration of methamphetamine on the expression of neurotensin mRNA was investigated in the adult rat striatum. At different time points (2, 6 and 24 h) following drug administration rats were killed, and mRNA levels were quantified both on films and emulsion‐dipped tissue sections from two striatal levels. Two hours after methamphetamine injection, a dramatic increase in neurotensin mRNA levels was detected in different areas of the striatum at both rostral and caudal levels. Numerous positive cells were observed in the dorsomedial, dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts of the striatum. This up‐regulation reflected an increase both in the number of cells expressing neurotensin mRNA and in the mean mRNA levels. This increase was still present after 6 h and was similar to the 2 h treated group at the rostral level of the striatum, but lower at the caudal one. Twenty‐four hours after methamphetamine injection, neurotensin mRNA levels were back to control values, or in some areas even below. A strong increase in neurotensin mRNA‐expressing cells was also seen in the olfactory tubercle, and the time‐course was similar to the one observed in the striatum. In a second set of experiments, the effect of methamphetamine was evaluated on adjacent striatal sections hybridized with probes directed against neurotensin and substance P mRNAs, respectively. Two hours after drug administration, a significant increase in the levels of both peptide mRNAs was observed (+ 190% for neurotensin, +80% for substance P). These results demonstrate that methamphetamine is able to induce a dramatic, rapid and transient increase in striatal neurotensin mRNA levels, which may partly account for the elevation in neurotensin peptide levels observed in the striatonigral pathway after methamphetamine. The different anatomical localization of neurotensin mRNA‐expressing cells observed after haloperidol and methamphetamine treatments, as well as the fact that the D1 receptor antagonist SCH‐23390 is able to counteract the effect of methamphetamine but not that of haloperidol on neurotensin mRNA expression, suggests that there are at least two different subpopulations of neurotensin cells in the striatum. One population is regulated via D1 receptors and projects to the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The second is sensitive to D2 receptor stimulation and may project to the globus pallidus and/or may represent interneurons.


Editor, T he improved refractive outcome in cataract surgery is mainly due to the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas and precise ocular biometric measurements including measurements of the anterior chamber depth (ACD). Each formula uses a specific algorithm to predict the effective IOL position (Olsen 2007). A postoperative pseudophakic ACD measurement can evaluate the exactness of this prediction and can furthermore evaluate distinct IOL designs impact on axial IOL movements (Luft et al. 2015). The IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss, Meditec AG, Germany) measures the ACD by slit illumination and subsequent image evaluation. The Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) uses a rotating Scheimpflug camera to construct a three-dimensional image and provides the ACD and the anterior chamber volume (ACV). This study assessed the agreement of ACD measurements between the IOLMaster and the Pentacam in phakic and pseudophakic eyes, and assessed the correlation between the ACD and the ACV. The ACD was defined as the distance between the anterior surface of the cornea and the anterior surface of the lens/IOL, which is the definition usually used in IOL power calculation formulas. We examined 178 eyes (114 phakic and 64 pseudophakic eyes) without corneal opacities, synechiaes, or previous cornea or glaucoma surgery. The pseudophakic eyes had previously undergone uneventful phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL implantation. The mean of five measurements was recorded on the IOLMaster, and the 25-picture setting was selected on the Pentacam. Measurements on the two devices were performed sequentially on the same day, and the same experienced examiner (H.H.) performed all measurements. Correlation analysis and paired t-test for each subgroup (phakic and pseudophakic) was conducted using SAS software (release 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The mean age was 69 years, and 47% were female. As stated in Table 1, there was good agreement between the two devices in measuring the ACD in phakic eyes, and the mean difference of 0.03 mm between the devices was quite small and not statistically significant. The ACD correlates strongly with the ACV in phakic eyes. In contrary, in pseudophakic eyes, the ACD measurements were highly significantly different between the two devices, and the Pentacam measured the ACD on average 0.53 mm longer than the IOLMaster. The standard deviation was greater in both devices in pseudophakic eyes, and the ACD-ACV correlation was weak. Unlike ultrasound measurement that is operator-dependent and hand-held, both the Pentacam and the IOLMaster use optical noncontact methods to measure the ACD. Correct alignment is crucial to avoid off-axis measurement. In this study, we found that phakic eyes had comparable ACD measurements suggesting that measurements obtained from both devices can be regarded as interchangeable (Utine et al. 2009). Both devices require clear reflections from the corneal surface and the lens/IOL to determine the position of the anterior surface of the lens/IOL. Nonetheless, the reflecting properties of the IOL could interfere with this determination, and the inaccuracy and the disagreement between the devices in pseudophakic eyes may be due to difficulties in this determination (Kriechbaum et al. 2003). In conclusion, in phakic eyes there was good agreement of ACD measurements between the IOLMaster and the Pentacam. In pseudophakic eyes, the ACD measurements were different and not interchangeable between the devices.


Over the past decade the debate about collective memory and identity has intensified in France. Now, more than during any earlier period in French history, different social groups are claiming their own collective identity and histories in the face of a homogeneous and national historical discourse vulgarised even more powerfully by the media and mass culture.1 It is now often recognised that some accounts of the past can be forgotten while others can be embellished, and that French history is in a constant process of being rewritten. The emergence of different historical memories in France can be seen as part of a challenge to the traditional republican dreams of a common French nation and its ideals. They challenge the false consistency of a culture and the dominant representation of history as an important edifice of that culture and identity. But the search for different memories is also part of an epistemological break in the field of social history in France.2 The Eurocentric view of writing the his...


Primary gastric lymphomas are uncommon gastric tumors, which constitute approximately 2% of all primary gastric malignancies. The stomach is the most common extra-nodal site of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The incidence is appearing to be increasing. The diagnosis is often difficult due to its clinical similarity to peptic ulcer disease and stomach carcinoma. Primary high-grade diffuse large cell lymphoma of stomach is a rare pathology, which has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 56%. We would like to report on a patient with such a rare form of gastric lymphoma who has well survived more than 10 years and is healthy after meticulous treatment and rigorous follow-up.


Type 316 stainless steel specimens irradiated and non-irradiated, with minor variations in C, N, Cr, Ni, Si, and Mn content, were exposed to flowing sodium in the Source Term Control Loop-1 facility. Test conditions of 604/sup 0/C, a sodium velocity of 6.7 m/s, and an oxygen content of 0.5 and 2.5 ppM were used to ascertain the effect of these compositional variations on the corrosion rate and on the /sup 54/Mn release rate. Variations in C, N, and Mn had no significant effect on the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate increased somewhat as the Ni and Si content of the steel was increased, and decreased with an increase in Cr content. Microprobe examination showed preferential leaching of Mn, Si, Cr, and Ni to depths of up to 10 ..mu..m (0.4 mil) after exposure times ranging from 5000 to 8000 hours. Variations in natural (/sup 55/Mn) content did not affect release rates of /sup 54/Mn generated by /sup 54/Fe(n,p)/sup 54/Mn. 10 fig, 4 tables. (auth)


Between 1990 and 2004, EU-25 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from public electricity and heat production fell despite a 33% increase in the amount of electricity and heat produced. CO2 emissions decreased by 1.6% from the 1990 baseline, as a result of fuel switching and efficiency improvements. SO2 emissions fell by 71%, due mainly to abatement techniques, use of low-sulphur fuels, and to a lesser extent, to fossil fuel switching. NOx emissions fell by 45%, primarily due to abatement techniques. Some emissions have risen in recent years due to increased utilisation of existing coal plant with higher emissions per unit of output. Current policies will need to be extended and enhanced and new measures will be required if further emission reductions are to be achieved in the long term (particularly for CO2).


The X-ray powder diffraction patterns for two N-substituted tetrahydroquinolines are reported. N-(α-Chloroacetyl)-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-4-methylspiro[cyclohexane-1′,2(1H)quinoline], C18H24ClNO2, and N-(α-chloroacetyl)-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-methylspiro[cyclohexane-1′,2(1H)-quinoline], C17H21Cl2NO are monoclinic, with refined unit cell parameters a=1.4471(3), b=0.9600(4), c=1.1948(3) nm, β=93.21(2)°, V=1.6573(6) nm3, Z=4, Dx=1.29 gcm−3, and a=1.4487(3), b=0.9878(2), c=1.1390(2) nm, β=91.66(2)°, V=1.6294(4) nm3, Z=4, and Dx=1.32 gcm−3, respectively, with space group P21/n (No. 14). Key words: powder diffraction data, spirotetrahydroquinolines.


Photoelectron angular distributions in D2 have been measured for the first time with rotational selectivity. The study focuses on the R(2) 5pπ and R(0) 5pπ Rydberg states, converging on the v+ = 4 vibrational level of the D2+ ion. These Rydberg states autoionize to populate the X2Σg+ (v+ = 0) state of the ion. The angular asymmetry parameter (β) has been determined, across the photon energy region 15.671–15.684 eV, for transitions involving changes in rotational quantum number, between the initial neutral and final ion state, ΔN, of +2 and +4. The β-parameter values obtained for the ΔN = +2 transition indicate that the channel is populated via both p- and f-wave photoemission. The β-parameter value for the R(2) n = 5pπ Rydberg state was found to be closer to zero, particularly for the ΔN = +4 transition. It is suggested that this near-isotropic emission is associated with the photo-excited D2 molecule rotating before the autoionizing decay has had a chance to occur. Measurements have been made in both normal and ortho-D2, confirming the results and verifying that the resonant features originate in even rotational levels of the D2 molecule.


This study was aimed at evaluating the influence of environmental and social factors on autogrooming behaviour of captive Java monkeys. The subjects were one male and five female adult monkeys housed in an outdoor cage measuring 3.3 x 2.2 x 3.3(H) m. Data on autogrooming were collected during one-hour observation sessions by combining focal behaviour and complete record sampling techniques. A total of 150 hr of observation were made with each daylight hour between 0800 hours and 1600 hours sampled 16 to 20 times. 1) Autogrooming by each of the study subjects showed marked variations throughout the day. The major amount of autogrooming was recorded between 0800 hours and 1100 hours with a second minor peak occurring between 1200 hours and 1400 hours. The lowest mean levels were recorded in the late morning and in the late afternoon. 2) Although there was evidence that the influence of climatic factors was less than that exerted by the time of day, the results indicated that temperature and/or relative humidity were instrumental in influencing the amount of autogrooming that the monkeys performed. More autogrooming was done under conditions of high temperature and low relative humidity. 3) Interindividual proximity was shown to influence autogrooming. Female autogrooming proved to be positively correlated with proximity (within 1 m) to the male. By contrast, there was no significant correlation between autogrooming by the females and their contact score with the male. We interpreted these results as evidence that a relevant portion of the autogrooming recorded in the study group was done as a displacement activity and/or as a redirected activity. Our interpretation is based on the assumption that, for the females, being close to the male can result in a conflict situation whereas being in contact with him is a goal situation which thus corresponds, by definition, to the absence of conflict.


The issues of roadside vegetation management and the rules for planting available surfaces in road utilities have drawn little attention in Greece. In an effort to add some experience and methodological treatment of these features, this research focused (a) on the characteristics of plants that could offer to road users seasonality in terms of colour (coloured leafage or flowers), pleasance through odours, as well as visibility ensured by the placement and height of trees and lower plants (b) on the ways slope erosion in the roadside region can be controlled using proper maintenance of green or by applying new planting. It has been inferred that properly selected and maintained green for traffic islands, medians, road dividers and slopes could contribute in both the stability of slopes, hence safety of road users, and the beautification of roadsides and urban transportation utilities, while the environmental quality is maintained. Roadside environments and islands have been studied in the broader area of Xanthi District, Northern Greece. The trees and plants to be used have been selected and characterised. Keywords—management; roadsides; road dividers; slope; traffic islands; vegetation


The reported computer system of planning of chair''s academic load is a part of the project "Electronic Chair" and is intended for optimum distribution of a planned annual academic load among tutors of the chair taking into account their qualification and a position.


. The use of recycled aggregate in concrete, replacing natural aggregate, has recently attracted much research with promising results and contributed to environmental protection in the context of the increasingly urgent need to conserve resources. This article presents recycled aggregate concrete that uses coconut fiber and discusses the effect of fiber content on compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, and water absorption. The study uses three different fiber content levels (0.4%, 0.7%, and 1% by weight) in the concrete mixtures. Compressive and flexural strengths were tested at the ages of 7, 28, and 56 days and compared with a control concrete mix without fibers. The results showed that the fiber content significantly increased the tensile properties of the recycled aggregate concrete. With the use of certain mix proportions, the concrete achieved a compressive strength of 35 MPa, making it suitable for applications such as road surfaces, paving blocks, and building components for motorways.


We propose and study an optical microfiber coupler (OMC) sensor working near the turning point of effective group index difference between the even supermode and odd supermode to achieve high refractive index (RI) sensitivity. Theoretical calculations reveal that infinite sensitivity can be obtained when the measured RI is close to the turning point value. This diameter-dependent turning point corresponds to the condition that the effective group index difference equals zero. To validate our proposed sensing mechanism, we experimentally demonstrate an ultrahigh sensitivity of 39541.7 nm/RIU at a low ambient RI of 1.3334 based on an OMC with the diameter of 1.4 μm. An even higher sensitivity can be achieved by carrying out the measurements at RI closer to the turning point. The resulting ultrasensitive RI sensing platform offers a substantial impact on a variety of applications from high performance trace analyte detection to small molecule sensing.


Aim: To study the effects of different sizes of groundnut shell on biogas and methane yields using batch reactor at mesophilic temperature. Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, between August and October, 2018. Methodology: Batch experiment was set up for a period of 35 days with substrate reduced to 2, 4 and 6 mm sizes. The digesters were subjected to anaerobic digestion at mesophilic condition and the gas produced were collected with graduated gas sampling bottles dipped in measuring cylinders already filled with red liquid. The total gas produced was analyzed using gas analyzer to give the percentage composition of the gas components and Enwuff equation was used to calculate the biogas and methane yields of organic dry matter and fresh mass of the samples. Results: The total gas volume of 482.5, 605.0 and 732.5 ml were recorded for the sizes 2, 4 and 6 mm respectively. The organic dry matter biogas yields were 357.1, 514.31 and 324.5 lNkg -1 oDM for Original Research Article Jekayinfa et al.; JENRR, 5(1): 34-44, 2020; Article no.JENRR.57133 35 treatment 2, 4 and 6 mm respectively; while organic dry matter methane produced were 222.41, 298.41 and 211.31 CH4kg -1 oDM for 2, 4 and 6 mm, respectively. The fresh mass biogas yields were 147.6, 180.7 and 177.3 lNkg -1 FM and fresh mass methane yield were 919, 104.8 and 115.4 lNCH4 kg -1 FM for 2, 4 and 6 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the yields recorded, the experiment shows that size reduction had effect on biogas yields and it is an important factor to be considered in biogas production. Treatment with particle size 4 mm seems to be the ideal size when considered the yields in terms of organic dry matter and fresh mass basis.


Let M be a connected compact quantizable Kähler manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of a connected compact Lie group G. Let M//G = φ −1 (0)/G = M 0 be the symplectic quotient at value 0 of the moment map φ. The space M 0 is in general a complex analytic stratified Kähler space (see [8] for this notion). When M 0 has only one stratum, it is a smooth Kähler manifold. In any case, it is known that, as vector spaces, there is a natural isomorphism between the quantum Hilbert space over M 0 and the G-invariant subspace of the quantum Hilbert space over M (see [6] for the case when G acts freely on φ −1 (0) so M 0 is a smooth manifold; and see [16] for the case otherwise). It has been shown by several authors ([5], [14], [12], [13], [3] and [9]) that, when the action of G on φ −1 (0) is free so that M 0 is smooth, the above isomorphism between the Hilbert spaces is not unitary or asymptoti-cally unitary. But, in the most recent work [9], Hall and Kirwin modified the quantization procedure by a " metaplectic correction " and showed that there is still a natural isomorphism between the new Hilbert spaces (for high tensor powers of the line bundle) and this isomorphism is asymptotically unitary to leading order in Planck's constant. In this paper, we establish " unitarity " for the general case when G does not act freely on φ −1 (0).


It is thought that ideal body norms which is shaped under the influence of Western culture are effective in the rapid increase in the rate of eating disorders in recent years. Body norms are gender specific. And it is thought that the desire to be thin in women and to be muscular in men increases body dissatisfaction. As these norms are more exposed in Western culture, it is claimed that femininity and masculinity norms over the body are reflected through ideal body characteristics. However in recent years, it is thought that these ideal body norms specific to gender, due to factors such as communication tools and media, increase body dissatisfaction in other cultures. In this study, in order to test this view, in the Turkish population the mediation effect of femininity-masculinity perception in the relationship between gender-specific body dissatisfaction and eating attitudes was investigated with Process Macro Analysis. The study was carried out with 430 female and 414 male between the ages of 18 and 26 years. In this study, Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitude Scale, Feminine Thoughts Scale, Male-Specific Body Attitude Scale, Masculinity Role Norms Scale and Eating Attitude Test were administered to the participants. According to the findings, as the desire to be thin in women and desire to be muscular in men increased, body dissatisfaction also increased. As adherence to norms of femininity in women and masculinity norms in men increased, body dissatisfaction and deterioration in eating attitudes also increased. The mediating effect of gender role norms was not found in women. A low mediation effect of masculinity norms was found between body dissatisfaction and eating attitudes in men. As a result, ideal body characteristics changed according to gender and according to the level of adherence to gender norms, the risk of developing an eating disorder changes.


With the field of medicine changing constantly, keeping oneself updated about new developments becomes absolutely essential.  Medical teaching is now no longer opinion-based but is adopting an evidence based approach. The need for evidence in our teaching and medical education practices is given the same importance as need of evidence in assessing a new therapy. Best evidence medical education (BEME) is an attempt to systematically examine evidence addressing educational intervention in medicine. The present paper is a review of the origin, advantages, disadvantages, pitfalls and guidelines in implementation of BEME. It is an attempt to provide a comprehensive coverage of a very popular current trend in medical education.


Introduction and overview of the German campaigns, during WWI in East Africa, of General von Lettow-Vorbeck.

Highlighting the pivotal role of this officer, especially in light of the need, during current commemorations of World War I, to re-appraise not only the global aspects of the `Great War' but the full implications of such campaigns, in the wider context of African history


Electricity is a concept that is abstract and difficult to see by eye directly, one example electric shock, but cannot see the movement of electric current so that students have difficulty by students. A computer simulation designed to improve the understanding of the concept of the workings of the dry cell (battery). This study was conducted to 82 students (aged 18-20 years) in the experimental group by learning to use the Dry Cell Microscopic Simulation (DCMS). The result shows the improving of students' conceptual understanding scores from post test were statistically significantly of the workings of batteries. The implication using computer simulations designed to overcome the difficulties of conceptual understanding, can effectively help students in facilitating conceptual change.


In the welding structure welded joints are formed by at least part of the brittle crack propagation stopping characteristics Kca of the base material to butt welding a steel plate is


The microporous structure of two series of carbonaceous adorbents gasified with air or carbon dioxide has been studied in terms of the modified theory of volume filling of the micropores. According to this theory the amount adsorbed in the micropores has been deduced from the total adsorbed amount by comparing it with the adsorption isotherm on a reference non-porous carbon. Adsorption in the micropores is described by an isotherm equation associated with the γ-type micropore size distribution in order to evaluate parameters of the microporous structure. These parameters are calculated from the benzene adsorption isotherms.


Hypericin was proved to be the most active compound in Hypericum Perforatum.In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Hypericin powder against Infectious Bursal Disease(IBD),20-day-old chickens were infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus(IBDV BC-6/85) and then treated by oral administration with Hypericin powder for 4 days.The observation of pathological change index and isolation of the virus were performed to assess in vivo whether Hypericin would be a promising drug for IBD's treatment.The results showed that Hypericin powder effectively treated IBD with a dosage of 667.9 mg/kg b.w.for 4 days,and the therapeutic effect of the drug was better than egg yolk antibody.


Aimed at improving firm performance and competitiveness, employee downsizing has established itself as a widespread strategy in today's business environment. The literature, however, highlights unequivocal findings that many downsizing initiatives fail to yield the expected results. Several scholars have therefore called for more research exploring critical moderators and antecedents of effective downsizing processes. In response to this call, this paper theoretically explores the role of rumor during employee downsizing processes. While prior research has frequently emphasized the importance of communication during downsizing, what has been largely neglected is the often-encountered grapevine activity during employee downsizing. By theoretically analyzing rumor as an informal sensemaking process, we extend and contribute insights into contingencies of employee downsizing and informal communication.


Learning and repetitive control techniques are applied to the width control system of a newly built hot strip mill in order to improve product width quality. The width control system in this paper consists of four functions: (1) edger gap preset; (2) learning control of width deformation model in rough rolling; (3) learning control of width change in finish rolling; and (4) repetitive control of rougher delivery width. The edger gap preset calculates the preset gap of edger work rolls by solving a width deformation model whose error is compensated by the learning control of the width deformation model in rough rolling. Since the strip width changes in finish rolling, the learning control of the width change in finish rolling learns the width change in finish rolling and adjusts the target width of the rougher delivery of the coming bar. Repetitive control of the rougher delivery width compares the actual width and target width of rougher delivery and controls the edger roll gap so as to decrease the deviation between actual and target. The width control system was installed in China Steel Corporation's No. 2 hot strip mill, which began rolling at the end of 1996 and was able to achieve an excellent width performance.


Aim To explore the correlation of light/dark box(LDB) and tail suspension test(TST),as animal models of anxiety and depression in Kunming mice.Methods The behavior of adult,male,Kunming mice in LDB and TST was recorded by sequence,for five or six minutes,with a one-week inter-trial interval.The following parameters were evaluated: percentage of time exploring in the LDB light area(LDB_Ltime%);percentage of squares crossing in the LDB light area(LDB_Lcross%);and percentage of rears in the LDB light area(LDB_Lrear%).Subsequently,factor analysis,cluster analysis,correlation analysis,consistency check and survival analysis were calculated for these parameters.Results ① Factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed that variances of LDB had contribution to anxiety,and variances of TST had loading on depression.② Correlation analysis displayed a good intercorrelation between variances of either LDB or TST,but a poor intracorrelation between these of LDB and TST.Both ICC and kappa reflected a poor consistency on evaluation of LDB and TST.③ No significant difference between LDB-and TST-median survival of the latence parameter was found.Conclusions LDB parameters load mainly on anxiety factor,and TST parameters have large loading on depression factor;however,there are poor correlation and consistency on LDB and TST.To answer the question,"correlation of animal models between trait anxiety and state anxiety" and "correlation of animal models between anxiety and depression",novel animal models and synthetic evaluation methods should be founded,and new strains should be selected.Furthermore,emphasis should be placed on combination as a "behavionomics" and on "pattern recognition" of constructs of multiple animal models when drugs were evaluated.


Phenotypic alterations of biliary epitbelial cells such as cbanges in intermediate filament compo-sition and presence of carbohydrate residues, occur during the development of intrahepatic bile ducts. In this study, we examined the expression of MUCI, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC5/6 apomucins (mucin core proteins) by immunohistochemical means in the human intrahepatic bile duct during its development and maturation. In the fetal liver, new bile ducts in the portal tracts, either at the hilar level (corresponding to the large bile ducts) or peripheral level (corre-sponding to the smaU bile ducts), frequently expressed MUCI apomucin at their luminal surface. Ductal plates also focaly expressed MUCI apomucin. By contrast, in the postnatal liver, the biliary epithelial ceUs of intrahepatic large bile ducts constantly expressed MUC3 apomucin, whereas those of smaU bile ducts did not. MUC2 and MUC5/6 apomucins were absent in the intrahepatic biliary elements of the fetal as weU as postnatal livers. These data suggest that the biliary epithelial ceUs switch MUCI apomucin expression before birth to that of MUC3 after birth. This characteristic transition may be similar to the changes in the hepatoceUular


People with differences, such as the autistics, are often not understood and considered strange or lower by the society and the society may not be aware that these autistics have been marginalized. Similarly, as an autistic and a woman Temple Grandin was often misunderstood and underestimated by the people around her. However, she was able to show that she was intelligent and had an innovative mind. Besides, she also proved that she was a visual thinker. Therefore, this study would like to dig out how Temple Grandin was finally able to gain the society's respect. The findings reveal that her ability to show her worth was partly due to the support and chances she got from her lecturer, headmaster and family.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in internal combustion engine fuel feed systems. Invention discloses the ICE control procedure including the determination of fuel compensation factor (FCF) for calculation of the amount of oxygen-bearing fuel mixed with diesel oil fed into the engine. In compliance with one of the claimed versions, FCF proceeds from the ratio between expected oxygen concentration in exhaust gases and its actual concentration therein. FCF is used for evaluation of oxygen-bearing fuel amount in the fuel mix. Said evaluation can be used for correction of the exhaust temperature model in, at least, the determination of afterpurification device temperature, fuel liquefaction model influencing the oil replacement recommendations and diesel particle filter filling model. EFFECT: simplified design, higher efficiency. 10 cl, 10 dwg


It DESCRIBED a starch material HAVING A NATURAL Unstructured water content in the range of about 10 to 25% by weight and average molar mass is reduced by a factor of 2 to 5000 COMPARED WITH ITS ORIGINAL MEDIA MASICA MOLAR MASS. Starch DESTRUCTURIZADO is produced by heating a starch material Unmodified CHEMICALLY WITH A WATER CONTENT IN THE RANGE about 5 to 25% of the total weight of the composition PRESENCIS OF A CATALYST chain scission IN A GATED at a temperature high enough to form a molten thermoplastic UNTIL average molar mass is reduced by a factor of 2 A 5000.


Grain geometry is an important factor affecting the stability envelop of solid rocket motors. This paper presents a series of subscale tactical motor firings, clearly showing the effect of combustion chamber internal geometry on stability. Three types of grain cartridges were used in these motors: a circular perforation (CP) and two variations of a seven-pointed star. Combination of these three basic grains produced motors that have completely different internal geometries. A polyurethane-based 81% solids composite propellant was used in all tests. This marginally stable propellant has a nominal burning rate of 7.1 mm/s for the metalized formulation that contains 7% aluminum powder and 5.7 mm/s for the nonmetalized version, both at the pressure of 6.9 MPa. A pulsing technique employing gunpowder charge was developed to initiate instability, producing a pressure wave of about 10-15% of the mean operating pressure at the time of initiation. A multipulse technique was used in motors exhibiting stable behavior to ascertain the stability property. It is demonstrated that certain grain arrangements in these motors show stable behavior. In particular, repeated experimental firings clearly show that STAR-STAR (head end segment-aft end segment), CP-CP, and CP-STAR configurations lead to unstable motor behavior while the case of STAR-CP configuration, despite multipulse application, offers a great stability margin during entire motor firing.


List of Figures Acknowledgements Chapter 1. Introduction: Strong Constitutions Chapter 2. Social-Cognitive Origins of the Separation of Powers Chapter 3. Literacy and the Invention of Constitutions Chapter 4. The Printing Press and Constitutional Revolutions Chapter 5. Electronic Media, Mass Politics, and Electoral Democracy Chapter 6. Beyond Liberalism: Language, Law, and Deliberation Chapter 7. Democracy Without the Separation of Powers? Chapter 8. Conclusion: Writing, Power, and Democracy Bibliography


The following results were obtained by histochemical studies of N-acetyl-β-galactosaminidase (β-GA) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (β-GL) in the human ovary. 1) The distribution of β-GA was quite similar to that of P-GL, but the activity of βGA was lower than that of β-GL 2) Although no activity of β-GA or β-GL could be detected in primary follicles, some activity appeared in the theca interna layer of the developing follicles, and the activity increased as the follicles enlarged. However, no activity was found in the granulosa layer. 3) The activity of β-GA and β-GL was extremely intense in the granulosa lutein cell layer in the florid stage of the menstrual corpus luteum but was even more intense in the corpus luteum in the initial stage of pregnancy. The activity was lower in the theca lutein cell layer.


On exposure to daylight, caulerpenyne 1 in solution in the presence of oxygen and chlorophylls or pheophytins undergoes rapid, multifarious degradation involving a peculiar route through ynone 2, thus providing a model for detoxification from these and similar food web and seagrass potentially harmful terpenoids of caulerpalean green seaweeds in Mediterranean areas invaded by the tropical Caulerpa taxifolia.


This bachelor work concerns the topic The unemployment in Leipzig at the turn of millennium with the emphasis on the time period from 1996 till 2006. The work deals with the development of the employment market in the east German city, Leipzig, which is situated in the former German Democratic Republic. The causes and consequences of unemployment in the united Germany are also taken into account.


Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is defined as an immunologically mediated adverse reaction against cow's milk antigens [1]. CMA is the first phenomenon of atopic symptomatology and the `allergic march' because cow's milk proteins are the first foreign proteins consumed in large quantities by an infant. The overall incidence of CMA ranges from 1.9% to 7.5% in population-based studies [2±6]. Symptoms of CMA commonly appear during the first year of life and in 75±90% of patients within the first month of their life [2,7]. They occur within days or weeks after commencing feeding with a cow's milk-based formula, or already at their first exposure [2,8]. Several studies have reported appearance of CMA during exclusive breastfeeding [9±12], which occurs in 2±23% of infants with CMA [2,7,13]. The incidence of CMA during exclusive breastfeeding (with cow's milk never given to the infants) has been reported as 0.4±0.5% [2,5]. In the light of epidemiological studies, the effect of breastfeeding on the development of allergic diseases and CMA in the breast-fed infant remains controversial. The protective effect of breastfeeding in the prevention of atopic diseases has especially been defined in allergic families. However, Wright et al. recently reported that in mothers with low IgE, breastfeeding was associated with low IgE levels in the breast-fed, whereas in atopic mothers, breastfeeding for more than 4 months was related to development of atopy in the child [14]. This controversy may in part be due to individual variations in the levels of immunological constituents in the mother's milk. Therefore, evidence is accumulating in favour of the protective effect of breastfeeding against allergies in non-atopic families [15,16]. Clinical manifestations


Previous attempts to describe circumbinary habitable zones have been concerned with the spatial extent of the zone, calculated analytically accord ing to the combined radiation field of both stars. By contrast to these "spatial HZs", we present a numerical analysis of the "orbital HZ", a habitable zone defined as a function of planet orbital e lements. This orbital HZ is better equipped to handle (for example) eccentric planet orbits, and is more directly connected to the data returned by exoplanet observations. Producing an orbital HZ requires a large number of climate simulations to be run to investigate the parameter space - we achieve this using Latitudinal Energy Balance Models (LEBMs), which handle the insolation of the planet by both stars (including mutual eclipses), as well as the planetary atmosphere's ability to absorb, tra nsfer and lose heat. We present orbital HZs for several known circumbinary planetary systems: Kepler-16, Kepler-34, Kepler-35, Kepler-47 and PH-1. Generally, the orbital HZs at zero eccentricity are consistent with spatial HZs derived by other authors, although we detect some signatures of variability that coincide with resonances between the binary and planet orbital periods. We confirm that Earthlike planets around Kepler-47 with Kepler -47c's orbital parameters could possess liquid water, despite current uncertainties regar ding its eccentricity. Kepler-16b is found to be outside the habitable zone, as well as the other circumbinary planets investigated.


To clarify the contracture response to 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CmC) in malignant hyperthermia (MH) equivocal (MHE) muscle, we studied the effect of cumulative concentrations of 4-CmC. In vitro contracture test (IVCT) was performed in 35 probands according to the European MH test protocol. Surplus muscle bundles were exposed to 4-CmC (25-200 micro mol/L), maintaining each concentration for 4 and 8 min. After 4 min exposure, the contracture increase of MH susceptible (MHS) (n = 7) muscle specimens was significantly (P = 0.05) greater at 50 micro mol/L compared with either MHE halothane sensitive (MHEh) (n = 13) or MH normal (MHN) (n = 15) classified patients. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were also found at 75 micro mol/L. Exposure for 8 min yielded significant differences at 50 micro mol/L only between MHS and MHEh. MHEh muscles revealed a dose-response curve similar to that found in MHN specimens. MHS muscles showed a significantly higher sensitivity to 4-CmC than either MHEh or MHN, and, in the probands tested so far, MHEh and MHN muscles seem to identically respond to 4-CmC, which seems to indicate a normal response in MHEh probands, implying no MH susceptibility. Therefore, 4-CmC might reduce the frequency of MHEh diagnosis based on standard halothane-caffeine IVCT. However, since MHE individuals may also represent an aberrant genetic status, with MH causing defects linked to unknown mutations, it is premature to consider 4-CmC as a solution to the diagnostic uncertainty of the true status of MHE probands. Presently, 4-CmC may provide supplementary information for a more precise phenotypic categorization of MHE individuals. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:149-54)


Hypertension is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation producing highly reactive dicarbonyl lipid peroxidation products, isolevuglandins (IsoLG) which covalently modify and cross‐link proteins via lysine residues and promote end‐organ‐damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with inflammation; however, its molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological role are still obscure. We hypothesized that inflammation‐induced isolevuglandins contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and mortality. To test this hypothesis, we have (a) investigated the mitochondrial dysfunction in response to synthetic 15‐E2‐isolevuglandin (IsoLG) and its adducts; (b) developed a new mitochondria‐targeted scavenger of isolevuglandins by conjugating 2‐hydroxybenzylamine to the lipophilic cation triphenylphosphonium, (4‐(4‐aminomethyl)‐3‐hydroxyphenoxy)butyl)triphenylphosphonium (mito2HOBA); (c) tested if mito2HOBA protects from mitochondrial dysfunction and mortality using a lipopolysaccharide model of inflammation. Acute exposure to either IsoLG or IsoLG adducts with lysine, ethanolamine or phosphatidylethanolamine inhibits mitochondrial respiration and attenuates Complex I activity. Complex II function was much more resistant to IsoLG. We confirmed that mito2HOBA markedly accumulates in isolated mitochondria and it is highly reactive with IsoLGs. To test the role of mitochondrial IsoLGs, we studied the therapeutic potential of mito2HOBA in lipopolysaccharide mouse model of sepsis. Mito2HOBA supplementation in drinking water (0.1g/L) to lipopolysaccharide treated mice increased survival by 3‐fold, improved complex I‐mediated respiration, and histopathological analyses supported mito2HOBA‐mediated protection of renal cortex from cell injury. Depletion of Cyclophilin D partially attenuated IsoLG‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction suggesting that mitochondrial IsoLG can affect both Cyclophilin D and Complex I functions. These data support the role of mitochondrial IsoLG in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. We conclude that reducing mitochondrial IsoLGs may be a promising therapeutic target in inflammation and conditions associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction.


Digital video broadcasting-next generation handheld (DVB-NGH) is the first broadcasting standard that incorporates multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to overcome the Shannon limit of single antenna systems. This paper contributes to analyze the performance of the DVB-NGH MIMO coded modulation system. The detailed performance degradation from information-theoretic limit to implementation by average mutual information and extrinsic information transfer analysis is presented, which provides an insight guideline for future system improvement. Finally, bit error rate simulations are carried out to verify the analysis.


An often overlooked aspect of the "new antisemitism" is the role played by human rights and humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in contributing to the environment of demonization via politicized campaigns and lobbying. These NGO campaigns can be traced to the NGO Forum at the UN's 2001 World Conference against Racism in Durban, South Africa, which marked a major increase in the re-emergence of antisemitism. As Professor Gerald Steinberg notes, "the NGO Forum's Final Declaration established the 'Durban Strategy', 'a policy of complete and total isolation of Israel as an apartheid state', and cal[ed] for 'the imposition of mandatory and comprehensive sanctions and embargoes, the full cessation of all between all states and Israel'". The global anti-Israel boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) movement is a manifestation of antisemitism that is spearheaded by NGOs. Many of the NGOs invoking the Durban Strategy use the terms "Judaization" or "Judaize" in their campaigning. Keywords: and sanctions (BDS) movement; divestment; Durban Strategy; Gerald Steinberg; global anti-Israel boycott; Israel; Judaization; new antisemitism; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)


This paper presents a Digital Doherty Power Amplifier (DDPA) with high back-off efficiency. The main and peaking amplifiers are implemented in 180 nm CMOS SOI as Digital Power Amplifiers (DPAs) with 10 bit amplitude control. The Doherty combiner is implemented using external matching components on a PCB, with lumped elements synthesized to provide equivalent characteristics of impedance inverter and offset-line. Phase adjustment between main and peaking DDPAs allows optimization of efficiency. CW measurements for the DDPA at 900 MHz correspond to 33.1 dBm peak power with 55.5% efficiency. This is highest reported output power for CMOS Doherty amplifiers. The efficiency at 6 dB back-off reaches 52.5%.


The development of MyGeo-RS, a geodiversity information and repository system is a valuable solution that can assure the management and preservation of geological datasets more interesting, accessible and shared to the public at large. This research is embarked based on the realization that with the advancement of information and communication technology, as well as data mining and knowledge discovery, knowledge about geodiversity can be better represented and explored. This project attempts to establish on how geodiversity components and their relationships can be modeled into various forms of digital object (DO) to enable access and sharing of geodiversity information. The target user groups of this project are mainly to public users and tourism industry. This paper presents the research objectives, research approach, system analysis and myGeo-RS architecture.


Genetic variation of ten isoenzymes was studied within population of Taxus yunnanensis Cheng et L. K. Fu in the Jinsha River Valley using the method of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.On the basis of banding analysis,eight enzyme systems , presumablly coded by fifteen isoenzyme loci and their alleles were scored , and fourteen were polymorphic with only one monomorphic locus( ME-3 ). Among them , four polymorphic loci with inevident genetic variation made little contribution to genetic variation of this population and other ten polymorphic loci with evident genetic variation made great contribution to genetic variation of this population . Isoenzyme data indicated high level of genetic variability in this population with P=0.933,A=2.90,He= 0.290 . The taxol content had close relation to genetic variation of population.


Following Hurricane Katrina, the study of cantilevered sheet pile I-wall with gap or partial gap has become one of the central elements of the ongoing investigation pertaining to the re-building of hurricane protection systems in New Orleans, LA. Historically, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) had mostly relied upon the Method of Planes (MOP) analysis procedure for slope stability analysis of I-wall systems. However MOP is a simplified procedure which does not satisfy total equilibrium. Nevertheless, MOP is still considered by USACE as a popular analysis tool because of its simplicity and ease of use in slope stability analysis. This paper demonstrates the applicability and suitability of MOP as a viable analysis tool for the analysis of New Orleans I-wall founded on layered cohesive backfill subjected to partial gap condition. The results of MOP analyses are compared with those of rigorous limit equilibrium method. Design recommendations regarding the choice of proper analysis tool for the I-wall partial gap analysis are made based on the findings of this investigation. Relative estimates of the design factors of safety recommended in the Hurricane and Strom Damage Risk Reduction System Design Guidelines (HSDRRSDG, 2007) are also presented.


White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most virulent pathogen in cultured penaeid shrimp, including Penaeus monodon. RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been applied for silencing of viral gene expression during infection, through induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of WSSV viral protein (VP). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of dsRNA VP15 WSSV on the survival rate and immune response of tiger shrimp. Production of dsRNA was conducted by in-vitro using the MEGAscript RNAi kit. Different doses of dsRNA vaccination as treatments were: (A) 0.02 µg, (B) 0.2 µg, (C) 2 µg and (D) control (injected with 50 µL of saline solution) for each shrimp. Vaccination was carried out by intramuscular injection to tiger shrimp (15.88 ± 3.50 g) and the shrimp were challenged by injection with WSSV. Survival rate was counted daily, while total hemocyte count (THC), prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity, and antiviral gene expression were observed before and 1-, 3- and 5-days post-challenge (dpc). The results showed that the dsRNA VP15 vaccine was successfully produced by the MEGAscript RNAi kit. The different doses of dsRNA VP15 significantly influenced the tiger shrimp survival (P<0.05), in which a dose of 0.02 µg/shrimp showed the highest shrimp survival (15%) compared to the other doses and control. The THC and proPO activity of vaccinated shrimp showed a higher value compared to the control. A trend to increase the antiviral gene expression was obtained until 3 dpc and then decrease at 5 dpc. The results indicated the application of dsRNA VP15 as a potential way to control WSSV infection of tiger shrimp.


Since 2004, CPD25 (www.cpd25.ac.uk), the Staff Development and Training Organisation, working in association with the M25 Consortium of Academic Libraries, has organised seminars, visits and other activities open to its membership and well beyond. The idea for its third conference came at a time when there was much debate on Web2.0 how far should and how could the new technologies be exploited and harnessed to create 'Library 2.0'? A number of national and international events emerged. These concentrated mostly on strategic issues or on exposition of the technologies, their potential and broad significance. CPD25 saw the need for a coherent view of their growing application across library and information services, taking into account social and educational drivers as well as technological ones. The resulting programme aimed at library and information staff at different levels and in a variety of roles drew together practical examples of the use of new tools to address information needs at different stages in the student career. Emphasis was placed on changing patterns in higher education, the ways in which technology can help engage with students and their preferred ways of working, and implications for the future. The programme below first addresses the broader scene, including widening participation in HE, student lifestyle and technology as a fashion accessory, possible developments and the kinds of changes libraries are making. What the specialised papers have in common is responsiveness to student behaviour they examine how library and information services can work across the increasingly blurred boundaries of academic and social life to help students find good quality information, keep up to date, and share resources. Examples include induction devised in collaboration with student bodies and delivered by podcast, and the integration of a wide range of social and personalised learning software into academic programmes and information literacy teaching, exploiting


Long-reach robots offer good performance developing tasks in areas where the access is difficult or dangerous. Due to their multiple degrees of freedom, they are able to adapt easily to different environments. These robots base their locomotion to two different elements: tendon cables or fluid pressure elements. Normally these robots are divided in sections and each section has its independent degrees of freedom. Therefore, if the length of the robot increases, the number of sections increases as well. This also means an increment in the diameter for each section and a more complex control for the whole system. In this paper we introduce the concept of a novel water-jet long-reach robot, which allows increasing the length of the robot without affect its number of elements, control complexity and diameter. Due to its characteristics, it is possible to use this robot in different environments, confined or opened spaces. We test the performance of the first prototype in different scenarios in order to validate our concept.


The purpose of this study was to identify pancreatic proteins that are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet become obese and develop T2DM, which serve as models for the disease in humans. The pancreas is important in producing hormones that regulate blood glucose and it has been postulated to be a key organ in the etiology of T2DM. In this study, proteins were extracted from the pancreas of diabetic and control mice and were resolved by a procedure termed 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The pancreatic protein profiles were compared between the control and diabetic mice. Differentially expressed protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Among 11 differential protein spots detected, the protein levels of REG1 (3 spots) and REG2 (1 spot) were higher in diabetic mice when compared with controls. Reg1 has been shown to be involved in the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. The up-regulation of Reg1 and Reg2 in diabetic mice may reflect the effort of the pancreas to ameliorate the hyperglycemic condition by stimulating the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells, therefore, enhancing insulin secretion. Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI-1), 1-Cys peroxiredoxin protein, and pancreatic elastase 3B were also up-regulated in diabetic mice relative to controls. Glutathione peroxidase, a GSH-dependent enzyme to remove hydrogen peroxide and fatty acid hydroperoxide and the most abundant isoform in the glutathione peroxidase gene family, was found to be down-regulated in the diabetic mice at later stages. The down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase together with over-production of reactive oxidative species in the pancreas of diabetic mice could contribute to the 94 progressive deterioration of β-cell function. Also, the protein levels of the receptor of activated protein kinase C1 were decreased in diabetic mice when compared with normal controls.


Effective models of target acquisition must address issues of detecting targets against spatially structured backgrounds. 1bis research focused on how acquisition performance is affected by backgrounds of varying complexity, target contrast, and motion. A metric was devised that allowed quantitative control of target contrast independently of the background. Observers searched for an aircraft embedded in backgrounds of differing complexity. The results showed that acquisition time increased as background complexity increased and target contrast decreased. Target motion facilitated acquisition performance. Although contrast had a systematic effect on acquisition performance, it was clear that factors other than contrast contributed to target visibility . Other factors that may have affected visibility included distracters and camouflaging effects introduced by the structured backgrounds.


Cellular Automata (CA) were proved as universal computation model. This means that CA are capable of modeling any problems to arrive at the solutions. Since then, researchers have paid efforts to seek the possible classifiers being constructed on this model. However, there is a number of papers to date haing reported classification with limited applications using cellular automata. This paper presents a novel state of the art classification model on the basis of cellular automata. The proposed classifier was developed on the proposed Decision Support Elementary Cellular Automata (DS-ECA). It comprises double rule vectors and a decision function. Its structure comprises two layers; the first layer is employed to evolve an input pattern into feature space and the other then interprets the feature space to binary answer through the decision function. For performance evaluation, six datasets consisting of binary and non-binary features are implemented in comparison with Support Vector Machines (SVM) with the optimal kernel using k-fold cross validation. In this respect, the proposed method outperforms SVM for binary featured datasets, and reports equivalent and better results on average for non-binary features.


Ultrastructure of the sinus node was studied in human and canine hearts and found to be similar. The principal cell of the sinus node is a small round pale cell with randomly distributed sarcosomes and sparse myofibrils. These cells have been designated as P cells. They occur in elongated clusters and make contact with each other in all directions but do not make direct contact with ordinary working myocardium. Transitional cells, which have features intermediate between P cells and working myocardium, serve as the connections between P cells and the rest of the heart. Each P cell is surrounded by a plasma membrane and groups of them are bound by a basement membrane. The only specialized junction between P cells is the desmosome, which occurs singly and seldom, with most contact being between apposing plasma membranes. P cells exhibit unusually active pinocytosis but have only a sparsely developed sarcoplasmic reticulum. The sarcosomes of P cells are much simpler in internal structure than are those of adjacent working myocardium obtained at the same time in the same heart in the same way, by direct perfusion with glutaraldehyde into the beating sinus node. Correlation of the electron microscopic appearance of the sinus node with that based on light microscopy is discussed, and some of the possible functional significances of the fine structure are considered.


Food security issue is extremely important in many parts of the world. It is no coincidence that the right to food is enshrined today at the level of international and national law. The agenda of sustainable development of individual states and the whole world is formed taking into account the fact that there are new challenges and threats to economic security (rising food prices, financial crises, climate change and related weather shocks, wars), which lead to significant changes in the production, distribution and consumption of food worldwide. They must be resolved if we want to live in a world based on food security. Food sovereignty is an important element in fighting against poverty. The Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022 led to the closure of ports, the cessation of oilseed processing, and the introduction of export and licensing restrictions and bans on certain crops and food. The main problems that need to be resolved in the context of food security include: disruption of spring sowing; availability of agricultural labor; availability of agricultural resources, especially fuel; obstacles in logistics and food chains; restrictions on access to agricultural land; damage to crops as a result of hostilities; destruction of the infrastructure of the food system. In this paper the author tries to answer the most acute problems of food security in the context of globalization and regional integration, as well as the Ukrainian-Russian war.


Title of the invention "System and method for detecting noise in the electrical heart study." And to provide an ECG signal acquisition system (112) system (100) used in combination. ECG signal acquisition system (112) is arranged electrodes (130) to be connected to the subject (105) operable skin surface. The system (100) may include a circuit board (170) and mounted on a plurality of branch circuits (200,205,210,215,220) on the circuit board (170). A plurality of branch circuits (200,205,210,215,220) can be arranged on the circuit board (170) and having an electrical impedance of the electrode and the subject (130) (105) disposed substantially similar electrical impedance. The system (100) may further include an output connector (280) connected in electrical communication with the output connector (280) receiving a plurality of signals transmitted branch circuits (200,205,210,215,220) for communicating from to the ECG acquisition system (112).


Simple Summary Recent studies exploring the application of radiomics features in medicine have shown promising results. However, variation in imaging parameters may impact the robustness of these features. Feature robustness may then in turn affect the prediction performance of the machine learning models built upon these features. While numerous studies have tested feature robustness against a variety of imaging parameters, the extent to which feature robustness affects predictions remains unclear. A particularly notable application of radiomics in clinical oncology is the prediction of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) association in Oropharyngeal cancer. In this study we explore how CT scanner type affects the performance of radiomics features for HPV association prediction and highlight the need to implement precautionary approaches so as to minimize this effect. Abstract Studies have shown that radiomic features are sensitive to the variability of imaging parameters (e.g., scanner models), and one of the major challenges in these studies lies in improving the robustness of quantitative features against the variations in imaging datasets from multi-center studies. Here, we assess the impact of scanner choice on computed tomography (CT)-derived radiomic features to predict the association of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with human papillomavirus (HPV). This experiment was performed on CT image datasets acquired from two different scanner manufacturers. We demonstrate strong scanner dependency by developing a machine learning model to classify HPV status from radiological images. These experiments reveal the effect of scanner manufacturer on the robustness of radiomic features, and the extent of this dependency is reflected in the performance of HPV prediction models. The results of this study highlight the importance of implementing an appropriate approach to reducing the impact of imaging parameters on radiomic features and consequently on the machine learning models, without removing features which are deemed non-robust but may contain learning information.


This discussion will examine how the introduction of the online hybrid environment of the Blackboard Learning System into the traditional classroom learning site impacts the writing processes of students at a mid-sized Hispanic Serving Institution on the U.S.-Mexico border. Rather than relying on Blackboard to enrich or supplement traditional writing practices, within Blackboard, HSI students construct a new writing and learning space that is at once real and imagined. In the HSI environment, Blackboard exists as an alternative thirdspace located (nestled) among the spaces of students' lifeworlds. Using examples drawn from Blackboard- based writing of over 100 students, I show that within Blackboard as an alternative space for writing, students' and instructors' goals come into alignment creating a learning environment that allows HSI students to successfully negotiate their home, work, and educational spaces. Students' writing behavior within Blackboard allows a substantive view into how students at a large HSI campus, which is also a commuter campus, reconstruct themselves as writers, moving toward higher levels of writing achievement in the context of this hybrid learning environment.