The 'Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement' (GUM) provides a framework and procedure for evaluating and expressing measurement uncertainty. The procedure has two main limitations. Firstly, the way a coverage interval is constructed to contain values of the measurand with a stipulated coverage probability is approximate. Secondly, insufficient guidance is given for the multivariate case in which there is more than one measurand. In order to address these limitations, two specific guidance documents (or 'Supplements to the GUM') on, respectively, a Monte Carlo method for uncertainty evaluation (Supplement 1) and extensions to any number of measurands (Supplement 2) have been published. A further document on developing and using measurement models in the context of uncertainty evaluation (Supplement 3) is also planned, but not considered in this paper. An overview is given of these guidance documents. In particular, a Monte Carlo method, which is the focus of Supplements 1 and 2, is described as a numerical approach to implement the 'propagation of distributions' formulated using the 'change of variables formula'. Although applying a Monte Carlo method is conceptually straightforward, some of the practical aspects of using the method are considered, such as the choice of the number of trials and ensuring an implementation is memory-efficient. General comments about the implications of using the method in measurement and calibration services, such as the need to achieve transferability of measurement results, are made.


Along with the gradual practice and perfection of our country′s mo de rn enterprise system, the company system is an effective form of the modern ente rprise system.In the internal supervision mechanism of enterprise, how to ovoid the functional duplication and contradiction between the board of supervisors an d the independent directors is very important for the function orientation of th e two sizes.


This study, as a method for evaluating a building environmentally friendly, it is desired to investigate the possibility of a quantitative assessment of the carbon emissions. Because of the seriousness of global warming, carbon emissions index for evaluating the environmental performance has become an important factor. In the method for evaluating the building environmentally friendly, Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) is in force in Korea. However, quantitative carbon footprint has not been evaluated. Select a representative example of a commercial building. And examine the possibility of the introduction of the quantitative evaluation of carbon emissions, we went to trial the life cycle assessment of carbon emissions.


Long time existence and convergence to a circle is proved for radial graph solutions to a mean curvature type curve flow in warped product surfaces (under a weak assumption on the warp potential of the surface). This curvature flow preserves the area enclosed by the evolving curve, and this fact is used to prove a general isoperimetric inequality applicable to radial graphs in warped product surfaces under weak assumptions on the warp potential.


Abstract We present a checklist for the ferns and lycophytes from Pico Paraná State Park, in Southern Brazil. The Park is entirely located at the Serra do Mar mountains, and represents an important remnant of the Atlantic Rain Forest with altitude achieving 1,887 m. In this locality is the Pico Paraná, the highest mountain in Southern Brazil. This study was focused on the altitudes above 1,000 m, which are mainly represented by dwarf forests and altitudinal fields. A total of 142 species were recorded, three of them (Ceradenia maackii, Diplazium tamandarei, and Stenogrammitis wittigiana) are only found in the park in Southern Brazil. Besides of the checklist of the species, we highlight some important aspects related to endangered species, geographic distribution, and life forms. The high level of endemism, the presence of endangered species, and the phylogenetic diversity as represented by distinct families of ferns and lycophytes show the biogeographic importance of this area for the conservation of these groups of plants.


Bi2Te3 has been recognized as an efficient and scalable thermoelectric material suitable for sustainable power generation and environment friendly cooling. Nano structuring and adding nano inclusions in the bulk thermoelectric material offers a cost effective and scalable strategy to attain reduced thermal conductivity and improved figure of merit. Here, we report inclusion of g-C3N4 nanosheets in Bi2Te3 to tune the thermoelectric properties of the matrix. The g-C3N4/Bi2Te3 nanocomposites were synthesized through solid state reaction route, ball milling and hot pressing techniques. The fermi level shift is evaluated for the prepared samples by using Fritzsche model. The shift in fermi level away from the conduction band edge explains observed enhancement in seebeck coefficient. The incorporated nanosheets effectively scatters phonons leading to diminished thermal conductivity and improved ZT. ZT peaks to 0.34 at 448 K for the sample BT1CN with 1 wt.% of g-C3N4.


Chengye Ma School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China Email: email@example.com Abstract: Corn Steep Liquor (CSL) is wastewater from corn starch industry. The huge amount generation made it as a serious environmental problem. But CSL is nutrient-rich with diverse amino acids and other trace elements. In this study, symbiotic biofertilizer was studied using CSL as main substrate. In this study, 9 industrial strains, which were recognized as high performance species in the biofertilizer industry were collected, including four bacillus, four fungus and one yeast species. Three dominant strains were selected finally, depending on the ability to dissolve phosphorus, ability for protein hydrolysis and cell growth. They were Bacillus subtilis 3301, Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus Niger. The results expressed that the highest growth cell count of Bacillus subtilis 3301 reached 3.1×10 CFU/mL, the highest protein hydrolysis capacity of Bacillus licheniformis reached 600 mg/L and the highest phosphorus-dissolving capacity of Aspergillus Niger reached 1100 mg/L respectively. Then, symbiotic fermentation of the three strains was carried out both in shake-flask culture and fermentation tank (5 L). Interestingly, series of significant data of symbiotic fermentation were obtained, which were different from individual cultures. Especially, the total growth cell count in the 5 L scale fermenter culture was higher than individual cultures, which proved the mutual promotion effect between different strains. This research would provide a new view to utilize the waste of corn steep liquor as high value-added agricultural products.


Based upon three years of mobile learning (mlearning) projects, a major implementation project has
been developed for integrating the use of mobile web 2.0 tools across a variety of departments and
courses in a tertiary education environment. A participatory action research methodology guides and
informs the project. The project is based upon an explicit social constuctivist pedagogy, focusing on
student collaboration, and the sharing and critique of student-generated content using freely available
web 2.0 services. These include blogs, social networks, location aware (geotagged) image and video
sharing, instant messaging, microblogging etc… Students and lecturers are provided with either an
appropriate smartphone and/or a 3G capable netbook to use as their own for the duration of the
project. Keys to the projects success are the level of pedagogical and technical support, and the level
of integration of the tools into the courses – including assessment and lecturer modelling of the use of
the tools. The projects are supported by an intentional community of practice model, with the
researcher taking on the role of the "technology steward". The paper outlines three different scenarios
illustrating how this course integration is being achieved, establishing a transferable model of mobile
web 2.0 integration and implementation. The goal is to facilitate a student-centred, collaborative,
flexible, context-bridging learning environment that empowers students as content producers and
learning context generators, guided by lecturers who effectively model the


Barrios et al., "Mycobacterial heat-Shock proteins as carrier molecules . . . , European Journal of Immunology, 1992, vol. 22, p. 1365–1372. Michilis et al., "Fine Tuning of Epitopic Dominance Induced by Lung Cancer on the IgG Response to Bovine Batalacto globulin," Cancer, 15.02.96, vol. 77, No. 4, p. 657–664. Strobel et al., "Immune responses to dietary antigens: oral tolerance," Immunology Today, Apr. 1998, vol. 19, No. 4, p. 173-181. McGhee et al., "Mucosal Immune Responses: An Over view," Mucosal Immunology, 1999, p. 485-506. Pharmacia & Upjohn, Pharmacia Cap System Allergens. Hendrick et al., "Molecular Chaperone Functions of Heat Shock Proteins," Annual Review of Biochemistry, 1993, vol. 62, p. 349-383. Roitt, Essential Immunology, 1988, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Polla et al., "Presence of hsp65 in bacterial extracts (OM-89): a possible mediator of orally-induced toler ance.


This article reports a qualitative approach research on the integration of psychology in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil. A questionnaire with seven psychologists enrolled into multiprofessional residence courses in the Family Health Strategy from four cities in Brazil and field notes by the main author, in his experience as a psychologist and resident, were used to investigate issues that are relevant to this field of psychological performance. Considering the empirical investigation, the article highlights the role of psychology in the SUS and ESF, discusses the advances and difficulties found and systematizes activities that were developed by the participants. Finally, the research questions the role historically held by the Public Health Psychology, pointing to the emergence of a work toward social change as a fertile way to integrate psychologists into the Primary Health Care.


Suitable human settlement environment plays an important role in promoting the harmonious development between social-economic systems of human society and natural ecosystems. In this study,a human settlement environment index( HEI) model for central arid zone in Ningxia was developed based on the grids of 30 m × 30 m,RS and GIS means and local conditions by interpreting,extracting,calculating and analyzing the original image data,and the spatial distribution patterns of ecological suitability were assessed. The results are as follows: 1 The HEI varied in a range of 16. 05- 84. 90,and it was holistically high. The HEI of central arid zone in Ningxia was increased from the southeast to the northwest and from the south to the north; 2 The suitable settlement areas were distributed along the irrigation and stream systems. The proportions of areas with the highest,high and moderate ecological suitability for human settlement were 7. 64%,11. 49% and 27. 42% respectively,and the proportion of areas with poor and extremely poor ecological suitability was 53. 45%. The study results may provide the data support and basis for choosing the ecological immigration sites and ecological environment preservation in Ningxia.


AbstractResilience is a concept that can be used to bring additional understanding to safety management, to complement traditional approaches. The additional understanding will enable more-informed...


The utility model discloses a material distributing device used for a vibrating screen, which mainly comprises outer walls and material distributing plates, wherein, the outer walls are surrounded as a trumpet-shaped area, the material distributing plates are fixedly connected with the trumpet-shaped area or is inserted into the trumpet-shaped area, the upper surface of the material distributing plate is provided with a wear-resistant lining plate, the upper part of the material distributing plate is threadedly linked with a wear-resistant steel bar which can be conveniently replaced. The upper part of the device is narrow, and the lower part is wide; the width of the upper part corresponds to the width of a funnel, the width of the lower part corresponds to the width of the screen mesh of the vibrating screen. For the adoption of the material distributing device used for the vibrating screen, the problems of even material distributing, wear-resistance, and impact are effectively solved, the screening efficiency of the vibrating screen is increased, the even stability of the output material of the vibrating screen is ensured, the quality of the product is increased, the wearing speed of the vibrating screen is reduced, the frequency of site downtime maintenance is reduced, and the efficacy and the reliability of the running of the equipment is increased.


Security-sensitive environments protect their resources against unauthorized access by enforcing access control mechanisms. Text based passwords are not secure enough for such applications. User authentication can be improved by using both text passwords and structured images. In order to offer sufficient security, require a number of rounds of verification, introducing usability issues. We suggest a hybrid user authentication approach combining text passwords, recognition-based graphical passwords, and a dual-step process, to provide increased security with fewer rounds than such graphical passwords alone. A variation of this dual-step authentication method, which we have implemented and deployed, is in use in the real world.


Grant sponsor: American Diabetes Association; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant numbers: R01 DK42273, R01 DK47482, R01 DK53889, MH59490. Correspondence to: Dr. Ravindranath Duggirala, Ph.D., Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78254-0549. E-mail: email@example.com Received for publication 24 May 2002; Revision accepted 11 December 2002 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/gepi.10233


The US Reduced Enrichment Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) Program was established in 1978 to provide the technical means to operate research and test reactors with low enrichment uranium (LEU) fuels without significant penalty in experiment performance, operation costs, component modifications, or safety characteristics. This paper discusses relevant developments in fuel developments. 9 refs., 1 tab.


On vehicles there exists a close coupling between brake and suspension dynamics, making semi-active damper control a promising way for brake maneuver optimization, which has been widely researched in the automotive and motorcycle field. Experimental data of bicycle dynamics analyzed in this paper show substantial differences to classical vehicle dynamics. By first-principle control-oriented modeling and full vehicle nonlinear multibody simulation it is shown that this can be traced back to two phenomena: the dynamic rider response and fork bending. These are very general effects, but crucial for vehicle dynamics control on bicycles, one of the most widely used means of transportation.


Sophisticated technique for reliable quantitative deriving residual stress values from initial experimental data, which are inherent in combined implementing the hole drilling method with both holographic and speckle interferometry, is described in detail. The approach developed includes both possible ways of obtaining initial experimental information. The first of them consists of recording a set of required interference fringe patterns, which are resulted from residual stress energy release after through hole drilling, in two orthogonal directions that coincide with principal strain directions. The second way is obtaining a series of interrelated fringe patterns when a direction of either observation in reflection hologram interferometry or dual-beam illumination in speckle interferometry lies arbitrary with respect to definite principal strain direction. A set of the most typical both actual and analogous reference fringe patterns, which are related to both reflection hologram and dual-beam speckle interferometry, are presented.


Integrating an array of buoys type converters with a flexible runway can be a viable option for cost-sharing between wave energy capturing devices and ocean space utilization structures, and thus enhance the cost-effectiveness of wave energy utilization. In this study, a configuration of multiple buoys supporting a runway is proposed. Hydrodynamic interactions among the buoys are analyzed using an exact algebraic method based on linear wave theory in the frequency domain. A parametric governing equation of compound wave energy converter referred to as a wave farm is formulated by using Hamilton's principle which can be discretized by using Galerkin method. The effects of wave condition and the parameters of PTO on the wave energy absorption and dynamic characteristics of a runway are analyzed. This research work is aimed to provide a theoretical guideline for wave energy converters design.Copyright © 2017 by ASME


The effect of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on disease development caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in the nonmycorrhizal species Dianthus caryophyllus was studied by co-culture of carnation plants with the mycorrhizal species Tagetes patula. Presence of VAM T. patula plants more than doubled the survival of D. caryophyllus, significantly reduced the disease symptoms, and decreased F. o. dianthi propagules by 4:1 in soil. Non-VAM T. patula plants had no effect. Dianthus caryophyllus shoot biomass was reduced by F. o. dianthi in non-VAM controls but was not affected in presence of G. intraradices. Glomus intraradices alone has no effect on T. patula or D. caryophyllus shoot biomass. Dianthus caryophyllus mineral shoot content was not modified by G. intraradices. In absence of T. patula, G. intraradices did not colonize D. caryophyllus, whereas in its presence, 14–20% of the carnation root length contained abundant vesicles and hypha but very rarely arbuscules. The presence of G. intr...


Shortly SHORTLY after the antimalarial activity of the parent sulfone dapsone was discov- ered, the drug was discarded as too toxic for human use.1-4 This occurred at the time when it was assumed that the amount of sul- fone necessary for treatment was similar to that used with the sulfa drugs, ie, 1 to 2 gm daily. As a result, total doses of 36 and 16 gm of dapsone were administered over peri- ods as short as nine days in the first human trials of dapsone as an antimalarial agent.5,6 In both clinical trials, dapsone was effective against Plasmodium falciparum, but later reports of its toxicity1-4 and the successful introduction of the 4-aminoquinoline drugs led to abandonment of dapsone as an anti- malarial drug. In 1949, dapsone was introduced for the treatment of leprosy,7 and soon after small daily doses of dapsone were found to be therapeutically effective and relatively non- toxic (ie, 100 mg or less).8,9 Interest in dap¬ sone as an antimalarial drug was revived by reports that it acted as an effective malaria suppressant among leprosy patients living in endemic malaria areas,1011 and in subse¬ quent studies dapsone was found to have some schizonticidal activity. Weekly doses of 100 to 200 mg of dapsone were found to pro¬ duce a radical cure of partially immune Afri¬ cans with falciparum malaria,12 and it was claimed that a single dose of dapsone (200 mg) was sufficient to terminate fever due to falciparum within 72 hours.13 However, the clinical response of malaria patients to dapsone was often delayed and relapse was relatively common after its use. Most malar- iologists soon concluded that dapsone alone was unreliable for treatment of the acute at¬ tack of malaria and recommended that it be used primarily for clinical prophylaxis or suppressive therapy.1215 Shortly after the US Army began field op¬ erations in the Republic of Vietnam, falci¬ parum infections resistant to both oral and parenteral treatment with chloroquine were encountered in large numbers.2·16 Nonim¬ mune troops suffering their initial falcipar¬ um infection either failed to respond clini¬ cally to treatment with chloroquine base or they had a temporary clinical response fol¬ lowed by a recrudescence of their infection one to four weeks after treatment. Therapy with quinine was more effective for the acute attack of malaria than chloroquine. Quinine therapy almost invariably resulted in a tem¬ porary clinical cure, but 70% to 90% of the nonimmune troops treated with quinine had a recrudescence of their malaria in the month following completion of therapy.


With the aim to obtain accurate and timely channel state information (CSI) in the 5G system, a convolutional long short term memory (ConvLSTM) based channel prediction method is proposed. From the measured channel characteristics, it is found that the CSI on the operating frequency of 5G system has low correlation in the time domain, but the correlation in the frequency domain is high. Therefore, a joint time-frequency channel prediction method is proposed to improve the accuracy of channel prediction. Experiments on the measured channel data show that, compared to the existing channel prediction methods, the proposed method has a great improvement in the prediction accuracy, and the normalized mean square error (NMSE) is reduced to half of the existing methods.


The author reveals the components of forming the information and communication technologies competence of teachers in vocational teacher s' education. The components are the concept of information and communication technologies competence, classification of information and communication technologies competencies, technique of the quality of formation measurement by security and conditions for implementation.


An undulator composed of an electromagnet (EM) and a permanent magnet (PM) has been developed to switch rapidly the right- or left-circularly polarized radiation. The polarization switching is achieved using the rapid change of polarity of excitation currents in the EM, which provides a vertical field in a fixed gap. A horizontal field is generated with a PM; the field strength is adjusted on altering its horizontal gaps. In addition to circularly polarized radiation, the structure fulfills the needs of horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In this paper, we discuss the compact structure and show a design to provide soft X-rays for TPS. The design considerations for this magnet include the design concept, magnetic materials, mechanical and coil structure, all of which are discussed in this paper.


In the semiconductor particle phosphors of the conventional invention, a poor dispersibility in media, and do not show the fluorescence of the red, green, blue, white light emission can not be obtained by mixing them. In addition, the manufacturing method is control of the particle size, the composition of the synthesis process is complicated, and particularly semiconductor particles requires accurate control in synthesizing method. Therefore, the nanocrystalline particles in Group 13 element and a nano-crystal grains 11, and 200 to 500 of surface-modified organic compound (12) molecular weight containing a hetero atom to form a containing bonding to the nitrogen atom as the semiconductor particles coating a 11 to provide a minute with the high group 13 nitride semiconductor particle phosphor (10) made of acid. It also provides a simple method for producing the Group 13 nitride semiconductor particle phosphor (10). Group 13 nitride semiconductor particle phosphor, the exciton Bohr radius, and the light emission intensity, nanocrystalline particles


Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common human respiratory pathogen that causes acute and chronic respiratory infections that can result in a variety of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary pathologies. M. pneumoniae is associated with exacerbations of human asthma and has significant impact on pathology through unclear mechanisms. We recently demonstrated that Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin induces an allergic asthma-like disease in naïve mice, as evidenced by a Th2 response, mucus metaplasia and airway hyperreactivity. In this study we examined CARDS toxin's effects on preexisting asthma using an ovalbumin mouse model of asthma. We show that CARDS toxin can exacerbate pathologies associated with ovalbumin-induced asthma in BALB/c mice both histologically and physiologically. These results were highlighted by increased collagen deposition, shown by picrosirius red staining around medium airways and an increase in eosinophils in the alveolar spaces, shown by cellular differentials. Additionally, these findings are paralleled by heightened Th2 cytokine and chemokine responses as measured by qPCR or ELISA. Finally, lung function assessment via a Flexivent system revealed increases in airway hyperreactivity demonstrated by increased resistance and decreased compliance. The data demonstrate CARDS toxin as a causal factor in the exacerbation of experimental allergic asthma and implicates CARDS toxin as a mediator of morbidity in human asthma.


This paper briefly discusses the acquirement of the power spectral density,the irregularity of stress process and the various calculation methods for prediction fatigue life under random vibration.Based on the maglev bogie research,the Dirlik method is consider best.Finally,by means of finite element method and Dirlik method,the fatigue life of maglev bogie is estimated.Compared with nominal stress method,the Dirlik method is reasonable.


In the last decade or so there have been plenty of innovations pertaining to information technology and social media that has taken place. This has brought in a tremendous amount of change in the society and the quality of life. The chapter explores the various aspect of change that has happened due to information technology and social media in a democratic setup. The chapter highlights how social change has occurred due to innovation in information technology and social media. This chapter explores how information technology and social media have supported the various elements of social change which have improved social wellbeing and quality of life such as education, healthcare, personal safety, transport, predictive tool, and the economics around social change. Role of IT and Social Media in Democratic Change: Paraphernalia Around Information Technology and Social Media


EurOmax Resources Ltd. (EOX: TSX-V; EOXFF: OTCQX) ("EurOmax" or the "Company") announced today that the Company has granted 750,000 stock options to a director of the Company pursuant to the Company's stock option plan. The options are exercisable for five years at a price of $0.25 per share and vest 25% on grant, 25% after one year, 25% after two years and the remaining 25% after three years. Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.


Abstract We show the twisted cohomology on has a natural polarized Hodge structure and hence derive the analogues of Riemann's equality and inequailty.


For the purpose of revealing the influence of unilateral upper limb on the opposite side lower limb, we performed an isometric resistance exercise at the start, the middle and the final positions of right upper limb proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) flexion-abduction-external rotation pattern for 25 healthy male. The extension force of both lower limbs during each exercise for upper limb was measured by hand-held dynamometer. The extension force of left lower limb showed a significantly high value in an isometric resistance exercise to the final position of the right upper limb. The extension force of right lower limb did not show any significant difference between each upper limb position. On the isometric resistance exercise by each right upper limb, every extension force of the left lower limb showed a significantly high value. Isometric resistance exercises of unilateral upper limb flexionabduction-external rotation pattern may be suitable as a method for muscle strength of the opposite lower limb.


The rapid development of domestic shadow banking is due to the traditional single financing channel, some enterprises' difficulty in financing, also associated with the banking regulatory arbitrage. Shadow Banks, on the one hand, raised capital market liquidity and inspired the financing innovation, provided effective financial support the real economy. On the other hand, the shadow banking anti-risk ability is weak, and may cause the risk chain transmission, will have a negative effect on monetary policy and social stability. Supervision should comply with the following aspects to guide and constraint: improving the capital management of the shadow banking market structure, constructing the risk prevention mechanism, strengthening supervision coordination and improving social risk consciousness and so on.


Purpose – Recognizing that crowding in a restaurant waiting area forms a first impression of service and sets service expectations, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of crowding in the effective control of the waiting environment. The study seeks to examine the impact of crowding on customers' emotions and approach‐avoidance responses and to examine the mediating role of emotion and the moderating role of desired privacy in the relationship between crowding and approach‐avoidance responses.Design/methodology/approach – Using real‐scale, interactive virtual reality (VR) technology that allows high‐fidelity representations of real environments, the authors created a navigable, photo‐realistic three‐dimensional model of a restaurant waiting area. Through an experimental study which manipulated crowding levels in the VR restaurant, they surveyed the subjects' responses toward crowding conditions.Findings – The study found significant effects of crowding on emotions including arousal and d...


In situ test method of equivalent dead-load was used to inspect and verify the structure's performance of a simply supported reinforced concrete single plate beam bridge with 13 meter span before and after warping joint treatment. The bending deflections of the beam before and after the warping joint treatment were 1/307 and 1/786, respectively, indicating the structure satisfied the normal serviceability requirements after the treatment.


A cold shock protein Y-box gene was cloned from hemocytes of Cherax quadricarinatus by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE).The cold shock Y-box protein gene cDNA consisted of 1733 bp with 82 bp UTR,676 bp UTR and an open reading frame(ORF) of 975 bp that encoded 324 amino acids(aa).The predicted relative molecular mass of the protein was 35 800 with an estimated PI of 9.81.The protein may be divided into three distinct domains:the alanine/proline-rich amino-terminal part,the centrally located cold shock domain(CSD),and a carboxy-terminal region consisting of alternating regions with predominant basic or acidic amino acid residues by functional domain analysis.The CSD was highly conserved for all eukaryotes.The cold shock Y-box protein of C.quadricarinatus showed similarity with those of Daphnia pulex and other arthropod.The predicted spatial structures of cold shock Y-box protein between C.quadricarinatus and D.pulex were similar.The tissue specific expression of cold shock Y-box protein gene of C.quadricarinatus was explored using Realtime-RT-PCR.The mRNA of cold shock Y-box protein gene was expressed in all tissues examined.The results demonstrated that the highest expression level of cold shock Y-box protein was detected in nerve,followed by hepatopancreas,hemocytes and gill,and lower levels were seen in other tissues(intestine,heart and muscle).


A method for producing (R) -1,1,3-trimethyl-4-aminoindane, comprising the following steps (A), (B) and (C). (A): 1,1,3-trimethyl-4-aminoindane is optically resolved, and (R) -1,1,3-trimethyl-4-aminoindane and (S) -1,1,3-trimethyl- Step (B) for obtaining 4-aminoindane: (S) -1,1,3-trimethyl-4-aminoindane obtained in step (A) or step (C) is racemized to obtain 1,1,3. Step of obtaining trimethyl-4-aminoindane (C): 1,1,3-trimethyl-4-aminoindane obtained in step (B) is optically resolved to give (R) -1,1,3-trimethyl Step of obtaining -4-aminoindane and (S) -1,1,3-trimethyl-4-aminoindane


Mefenamic acid, based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), is a class II drug that has high permeability but low water solubility. To improve its intrinsic dissolution rate, it is usually combined with a hydrophilic and porous drug carrier like Avicel to create a solid dispersion. This study aimed to enhance the intrinsic dissolution rate of mefenamic acid using a solid dispersion with Avicel PH-101. The test of intrinsic dissolution rate involved a rotational speed of 60 rpm and CO 2 -free water with a temperature of 37°C as a medium. The interaction of mefenamic acid and Avicel PH-101 was analyzed with FTIR and DSC spectroscopy. The test results showed that the intrinsic dissolution rates (in mg.cm -2 .minute -1 ) of three replications of mefenamic acid, Solid Dispersion of Mefenamic Acid and Avicel PH-101 (SDMA) with 1:1 ratio, SDMA with 1:2 ratio, Physical Mixture of Mefenamic Acid and Avicel PH-101 (PMMA) with 1:1 ratio, and PMMA with 1:2 ratio were (8.0x10 -4 ± 3.0x10 -4 ), (38.0x10 -4 ± 3.0x10 -4 ), (67.0x10 -4 ± 10.0x10 -4 ), (20.0x10 -4 ± 6.0x10 -4 ), and (44.0x10 -4 ± 14.0x10 -4 ), respectively. The interaction between mefenamic acid and Avicel PH-101 created a hydrogen bonding, as evidenced by the shift in the peaks of FTIR spectra. Based on the DSC thermogram, the mefenamic acid-Avicel PH-101 interaction shifted the steep peak on the curve of mefenamic acid slightly. Avicel PH-101 in this solid dispersion can increase the intrinsic dissolution rate of mefenamic acid through hydrogen bonding instead of decreasing its crystalline structure into an amorphous from.


For more information contact: | Joseph Cunningham | The Academic Writing Center| University of Cincinnati| Email: email@example.com| Abstract Student culture carries a variety of benefits for the student population, including better social integration and stronger academic performance. At a two-year commuter college, however, student culture is far more difficult to construct due to the travelling distance as well as the lack of conducive space for its generation. The sociology of spaces, as written about by German sociologist, Georg Simmel, provides four crucial characteristics of space, and these features can be appropriated by tutoring centers in order to serve as one of the few spaces at the commuter college where student culture can flourish.


The heat pumps with the refrigerant of carbon dioxide (CO2), i.e., CO2 heat pumps, have the merits of low price and environmentally friendliness in comparison with those with traditional refrigerants, e.g., hydrochlorofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. Current studies mainly focused on the air-source CO2 heat pumps, while investigations about the CO2 heat pumps gaining heat or cold energy from different mediums, e.g., water, are lacking. In addition, although few studies presented the investigations on the discharge pressure of the CO2 heat pumps (e.g., investigations of optimal discharge pressure), how to realize the effective discharge pressure control in the experimental conditions is still lacking. To remedy these knowledge gaps, this study presented an experimental investigation of a water-source CO2 heat pump for residential use. A PI controller was used to maintain the fixed discharge pressure by adjusting the opening of the electronic expansion valve. The dynamic performance of the CO2 heat pump in the typical discharge pressure of 7,200 to 8,400 kPa were analyzed. The results indicated that the method of using the PI controller to adjust the opening of the electronic expansion valve could effectively maintain the desired discharge pressure of the CO2 heat pump in the experimental conditions.


The following lectures contain a report onnewexperimentalwork in thefieldofmagnetism. In the year 1942, after many years of research Ehrenhaft could finally make the following pronouncement: the universe contains not only electric currents but also magnetic currents. What, now, is a magnetic current? The idea of a current is taken from electricity and so are other concepts which we shall use in these lectures.


This paper deals with the permutation flow shop scheduling problem. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time, or makespan. To solve this problem which has been proved to be strongly NP-hard, a combination between an ant colony algorithm, a heuristic algorithm and a local search procedure is proposed and presented. The hybrid approach is to use artificial ants to construct solutions by applying a stochastic greedy rule based on the Gupta's heuristic and pheromone trails. A local search is then performed to improve the performance quality of constructed solutions. Once all ants have terminated their generations, the pheromone trails are modified according to a global updating rule. The proposed algorithm is applied to benchmark problems taken from the literature and compared with other metaheuristics. Computational experiments are given to demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm in the quality of solution and CPU time.


A beat frequency bridge for large signal field effect measurements based on an ac modulation method is described. Some field effect measurements with this bridge on low resistivity germanium and gallium arsenide are reported.


OBJECTIVE
To study the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis B.

METHODS
ICAM-1, LFA-1 and CD(8) expression in the livers of 11 healthy persons and 70 patients with HBV infection were studied by using immunohistochemical techniques. Hepatic coexpression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were studied using double staining immunohistochemical techniques.

RESULTS
In the areas of inflammation and necrosis, intensive infiltration of LFA-1 positive lymphocytes were often observed around hepatocytes with enhanced ICAM-1 expression, with some of these lymphocytes in close contact with hepatocytes expressing ICAM-1. In addition, the debris of necrotic cells and injured hepatocytes were found at the surrounding of LFA-1 positive lymphocytes.

CONCLUSION
The interaction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 is involved in mediating the adhesion of lymphocytes and hepatocytes, and it plays an important part in the immunopathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis B and severe viral hepatitis B.


A fundamental theory of coupled line coupler-based negative group delay (NGD) topology is established in this paper. The microwave circuit under study consists of the isolated-and coupled-accesses connected in a feedback loop through a lossy interconnect line. The NGD topology is built with fully distributed elements. The S-parameter model is formulated in order to derive the NGD optimal values, cutoff frequencies, and bandwidth. Thus, the NGD existence condition as a function of the coupling coefficient and the feedback interconnection attenuation is demonstrated and examined. Hence, the fundamental characteristics of the coupler-based NGD topology are described. In order to verify the feasibility of the theory, NGD prototypes were designed, fabricated, and measured. The implemented one- and two-stage microstrip circuits have NGDs of about -2.3 and -4 ns, respectively, at 1.26 GHz. The reflection coefficients are better than 10 dB and the insertion losses are, respectively, about 2.4 and 4.3 dB. The developed NGD topology, fully constructed with distributed elements without any lumped components, is particularly beneficial in terms of design simplicity. The proposed NGD circuit might find potential application in microwave signal delay correction.


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Schools will be most successful in their educational mission when they integrate efforts to promote children's academic, social, and emotional learning (Elias et al., 1997). There is general agreement that it is important for schools to foster children's social-emotional development, but all too often educators think about this focus in a fragmented manner, either as an important end in itself or as a contributor to enhancing children's health (e.g., drug prevention), safety (e.g., violence prevention), or citizenship (e.g., service learning). Although social and emotional learning (SEL) plays important roles in influencing these nonacademic outcomes, SEL also has a critical role in improving children's academic performance and lifelong learning. This chapter and book make a compelling conceptual and empirical case for linking SEL to improved school attitudes, behavior, and performance. Intrinsically, schools are social places and learning is a social process. Students do not learn alone but rather in collaboration with their teachers, in the company of their peers, and with the support of their families. Emotions can facilitate or hamper their learning and their ultimate success in school. Because social and emotional factors play such an important role, schools must attend to this aspect of the educational process for the benefit of all students. Indeed most do. There is a long history of


In 1995, a hydrogeologie study was carried out in the Nere river catchment basin to assess the real hydraulic resources and the possibilities of harnessing the river for generating electricity. The following aspects were studied: 1) Assessment of available water resources and their temporal distribution 2) Identification of the main water souree 3) Calculation of exploitable water volumes 4) Possibility of increasing the water flow the spring surroundings Besides to the study of the meteorologieal, hydrologie and hydrogeochemical attributes, a geophysical prospecting survey was carried out by GPR with the aim of determining the geometrie boundaries in the spring zone and locating the impervious basement in a weir used as a gauging station.


This paper conducts a survey of the leisure sports in rural Chengdu,including its participants,their attitudes,varieties of sports,time,spots and the involvement of the authorities by means of literary reviews,questionnaires and interviews.Based on the findings of the survey,the writer expounds how to promote the sustainable development of leisure sports in the rural areas of Chengdu.


Abstract
 This final chapter summarizes the key points in the previous chapters regarding World Heritage sites (WHSs), Eastern and Western viewpoints on World Heritage issues, heritage management and conservation activities, heritage tourism development and marketing, changes in local communities and views towards these changes, and contemporary developments in and around the concept WHSs. A conceptual model is suggested, which illustrates the main relationships between WHSs, WH status, conservation activities, tourism and local communities.


This manuscript presents a facile paradigm for controllably developing planar-type defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks (DEMOFs) by systematically doping reductive defect linker vanillin (VAN) during the synthesis of HKUST-1. The as-prepared DEMOF variants were designed to carry copper-ion vacancies and mixed-valence Cu1+/Cu2+ sites on the {220} and {111} planes of NR-HKUST-1 and {100}, {110} and {111} planes of NS-HKUST-1 via reversible and irreversible growth modes. The photocatalysis results indicate that the mixed-valence Cu1+/Cu2+ sites (with special electronic properties) in planar-type defective HKUST-1 have a greater effect on performance improvement than copper-ion vacancies (with special steric properties). The HOMO–LUMO gap of the Cu1+/Cu2+ unit is significantly reduced to promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and overcome the transfer resistance of electron–hole pairs, leading to an outstanding catalytic activity (3784.2 μmol g−1 h−1). This strategy of creating mixed-valence sites and vacancies by doping a reductive defect linker can provide a new way to prepare catalysts with higher photocatalytic activity.


Two different calcareous soils (15 and 31 % CaCO3 contents) were subjected to application of 0, 2 and 4 % mature P enriched rice straw compost with and without inoculation with Bacillus mega-therium, the phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB) before planting barley grains in pots containing 4 kg soil under greenhouse conditions. Measure-ments of plant growth and P uptake as well as evaluation of Olsen-P and P- Q / I kinetic parame-ters in cultivated soils were followed up at 3, 6 and 9 weeks from planting. Obtained results confirmed the significant beneficial action of compost and/or PDB applications in increasing growth and P up-take by plants grown on both tested calcareous soils with values were dramatically lower in the 31% than in the 15% CaCO3 soil. Values of meas-ured Olsen –P were affected by the application of compost and PDB in both tested soils in a manner similar to that of P uptake where significant in-creases were recorded particularly as the growth season gets advanced with lower values were ob-tained in the high CaCO3 soil. Application of rice straw compost and/or PDB activated the kinetic parameters describing P availability in both tested calcareous soils. Correlation coefficients between P uptake by whole plants and the different parame-ters expressing P availability in soils revealed high sensitivity of the parameters of phosphorus buffer-ing capacity (PBC) and Olsen-P in predicting soil P status and subsequently controlling P fertilization for long growth season plants grown on the lower calcareous soil (15% CaCO3). The parameter of Q0 proved its significant possibility to be used for very short growth season plants grown on both lower and higher (15 and 31% CaCO3) calcareous soils. Other tested parameters, even the Olsen-P, lost their sensitivity in predicting P status in the higher calcareous soil; the application of rice straw com-post and/or bio fertilizer couldn't meet sufficiently or meet hardly P requirements of plants grown on the high CaCO3 soil. So, additional work seemed to be needed to cover this shortage in controlling P fertilization in the high CaCO3 content soil.


It is attempted to extend a two-step without memory method to its with mem- ory. Then, a new two-step derivative free class of without memory methods, requiring three function evaluations per step, is suggested by using a convenient weight function for solv- ing nonlinear equations. Eventually, we obtain a new class of methods by employing a self- accelerating parameter calculated in each iterative step applying only information from the current and the previous iterations, dening a with memory class. Although these improvements are achieved without any additional function evaluations, the R -order of convergence are boosted from 4 to 5.24 and 6, respectively, and it is demonstrated that the proposed with memory classes provide a very high computational eciency. Numerical examples are put forward and the performances are compared with the basic two- step without memory methods.


Prologue. Thoughts Lead to Action: John Struggles to Learn About Investing. The Beginning of the End: John Assesses his Investment Portfolio and his Life. The Upheaval of a Lifetime: John Impresses a Stock Market Guru. The Suspension of Rational Belief: John Learns that the Stock Market is Like a Conjuring Trick. Investment Tips from a Master: John Asks for a Job in Stockbroking. Baptism of Fire: John is Shocked by his New Working Environment. Sell the Sizzle: John Learns Some Tricks of the Trade. Aboard the Pirate Ship: John Finishes his Training Period and has Lunch with his Guru. The Relentless Pursuit of Money: John Learns to Milk the Stock Market While He Can. Dealing Room Secrets: John is Taught How a Share Price is Manipulated. The Internet Craze: John Learns How to Cash in on the Internet and High--Tech Stock Boom. Can You Trust Your Broker? John Sees How an Investor Can Do Better Without a Broker's Advice. Cutpricegoodies.Com Mania: John Discovers How New Equity Issues Work. Stock Market Rollercoaster: John Experiences the Classic Stock Market Bubble. Terry Lends a Helping Hand: John Starts Learning How to Read an Annual Report and Accounts. The Power of Numbers: John Learns How to Use and Calculate Ratios. Cash Counts Most: John Learns that Cash is Fact and Profits are Opinion. Opportunities for a Bookworm: John Discovers How to Select Books About the Stock Market and How to Trade. Trading Secrets: John Discovers More About Share Trading. Money Talks: John Turns His Back on His Guru. A New Beginning of Sorts: John Joins a Broker Who, Unknown to Him, Plays Dirty. The Killer Deal: John Persuades Himself that a Dubious Share Offering Might Work. Rebellion in the Ranks: John Feels Ashamed of the Stockbroker He has Joined. A Tissue of Lies: John Invests Through a Discount Broker and Becomes Unemployed. After the Feast: John Rejects Becoming a Credit Broker and is Blackmailed. Discretion Saves the Day: John Lectures Schoolchildren on Investing and Decides Against Becoming a Whistleblower. The Fruits of a Hair--Raising Apprenticeship: John has a Reconciliation with His Guru and is Offered a New Job. Epilogue. Appendix: Favourite Online and Other Resources Listed in John's Secret Diary. Postscript.


The compensatory health beliefs model (CHBM) suggests that humans engage in compensatory health behaviours (i.e. exercise) to alleviate or neutralize negative affective states (i.e. guilt, shame) that result from failure to achieve health goals (i.e. weight management). However, engaging in exercise behaviours for compensatory reasons has been associated with maladaptive psychological outcomes that may impede long-term exercise engagement. The present study utilized tenets of the CHBM to (i) examine the acute guilt and shame after self-weighing in predicting compensatory intentions and behaviors to exercise, and (ii) to assess if the emotional effects of self-weighing on compensatory exercise outcomes vary as a function of perceived competence to manage weight. Women seeking weight management (N=52, Mage=57.4?8.9; MBMI=35.3?6.2 kg/m2) completed a 7-day protocol of self-weighing and reported weight-related emotions, and exercise intentions and behaviours. Multilevel models revealed that when women felt more shame related to their weight than usual, they experienced more intentions to exercise (s=0.53, p


We are the more induced to notice this curious subject in our present Number, because of its close relationship to the important discoveries of Schleiden and Schwann, detailed in a preceding article (Art. X., p. 495); and we have thought it of sufficient consequence to deserve illustration (see Plate II., Fig. 12, a, b, c). The description of the yeast-globules is derived from a paper in the Comptes Rendues (Aug. 20, 1838); and we have ourselves tested its accuracy. When yeast or ferment is examined with a microscope, it is seen to consist


Rorschach and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) responses from persons vomiting to manage body weight and fat phobia were compared to those from a matched control group to determine the levels of personality structure. These responses were also contrasted with those of representative groups from normal and personality disordered populations. Findings were that the bulimic group's test protocols differed significantly from those of the control group, displaying evidence of serious cognitive slippage and dramatic, emotional and erratic personality structures arrested at the differentiation subphase of ego development. The clinical importance of timely developmental diagnosis and interventions designed to promote object constancy was discussed in light of these findings.


ABSTRACT Alkyl halides are feasibly transformed into benzimidazoles by a domino reaction under solvent-free conditions. The organic halides react with o-phenylenediamines in stoichiometric amounts in the presence of pyridine-N-oxide to produce the desired substituted benzimidazoles. This domino synthesis does not require catalysts. The synthesis occurs in dry medium and the environmental impact is minimal. The method provides products without intermediate separation. A mechanism of benzimidazole synthesis is also proposed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Abstract : First, one or more specific mutations are produced in the target cell, either directly or through an indirect mechanism, viral or otherwise. Tumor development begins when the altered cell, having survived the mutating event, is brought into mitosis by a specific or nonspecific proliferative stimulus. Subsequent tumor progression results from repeated additional mutations in the tumor cells with sequential clonal selection from the altered population. Considerations of radiation carcinogenesis in experimental animals, and presumably in man as well, must include the effects of total dose, dose rate and quality of radiation on mutagenesis, and on the survival of mutated cells; and the effects and interactions of both mutagenic and nonmutagenic agents (including viruses, hormones, other environmental factors, and radiation itself) on subsequent tumor development. It is concluded that the complex interplay of many factors and mechanisms--indirect as well as direct--in radiation carcinogenesis makes a simple dose-response relationship untenable. (Author)


The field of Operations Research is nowadays used a lot in university hospitals. In this master thesis different methods of Operations Research are used to analyze data of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam. In the first part of this thesis forecasts are made for the number of admissions and discharges in the Erasmus Medical Center by using different regression models. These forecasts can be used for all kind of different decisions that have to be made in the future and are especially interesting now, since a new hospital is being built. For example, the number of beds needed in this new hospital depends on the forecasts.
These forecasts can also be used for a specific process in the hospital: the process of transporting clean and dirty beds through the hospital. The second part of this thesis is about this process and the crew that is responsible for this process. A simulation is used to test different options for the system that is used to assign tasks of picking up dirty beds and delivering clean beds to the wards. The results of this simulation will be used to make this process more efficient.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a part of our daily life with the primary goal of providing geopositioning service. For an unmanned aerial system (UAS), geolocalization ability is an extremely important necessity which is achieved using Inertial Navigation System (INS) with the GPS at its heart. Without geopositioning service, UAS is unable to fly to its destination or come back home. Unfortunately, GPS signals can be jammed and suffer from a multipath problem in urban canyons. Our goal is to propose an alternative approach to geolocalize a UAS when G PS signal is degraded or denied. Considering UAS has a downward-looking camera on its platform that can acquire real-time images as the platform flies, we apply modern deep learning techniques to achieve geolocalization. In particular, we perform image matching to establish latent feature conjugates between UAS acquired imagery and satellite orthophotos. A typical application of feature matching suffers from high-rise buildings and new constructions in the field that introduce uncertainties into homography estimation, hence re-sults in poor geolocalization performance. Instead, we extract GIS information from OpenStreetMap (OSM) [1] to semantically seg-ment matched features into building and terrain classes. The GIS mask works as a filter in selecting semantically matched features that enhance coplanarity conditions and the UAS geolocalization accuracy. Once the paper is published our code will be publicly available at https://github.com/OSUPCVLab/UbihereDrone2021.


Small and medium scale enterprises all over the world are now looked upon as the engine room of the economy. Governments especially in developing countries are becoming aware of the importance of this sector in the growth of their economies, hence attention are been given to this sector especially in the provision of funds, reduction of legal and bureaucratic bottlenecks involved in incorporation of small scale businesses, provision of manpower training to small scale business owner and other ancillary services that not only will enhance survival but assist in alleviating the level of poverty prevalent to the lower class and  the poor in their economies. It is against this background that this study empirically investigated the impact of labour turnover on survival of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. Samples of fifty SMEs were used for the study and survival proxies such as profit after tax, age and size as dependent variables. The study adopted the two-variable regression models to test the study propositions. The results obtained indicate that labour turnover has positive and significant impact on age and size but was positive and non-significant on profitability of SMEs in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that, business owners should ensure that workers are not turned over but should be retained. This will ensure their survival in business. Keywords: Labour Turnover, SMEs, Survival


The Research Center for Optical Physics (RCOP) held its inaugural forum on September 22-23, 1993. More than 100 people from industry, universities and federal agencies attended. Mr. Paul Holloway, Director of NASA Langley Research Center gave the keynote address and Dr. William Harvey, President of Hampton University gave the Welcome Address. Invited technical talks were given by Dr. Anthony Johnson from AT&T Bell Laboratories on Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy ; Dr. Peter Delfyett from Bellcore on Photonic Networks and Dr. Donald Lyons from Hampton University on Fiber Optic Sensors.


The loop equations of random matrix theory are a hierarchy of equations born of attempts to obtain explicit formulae for generating functions of map enumeration problems. These equations, originating in the physics of 2-dimensional quantum gravity, have lacked mathematical justification. The goal of this paper is to provide a complete and short proof, relying on a recently established complete asymptotic expansion for the random matrix theory partition function. 1. Background and preliminaries The study of the unitary ensembles (UE) of random matrices [Mehta 1991], begins with a family of probability measures on the space of N N Hermitian matrices. The measures are of the form d t D 1 z ZN exp f N Tr ŒVt.M /gdM; where the function Vt is a scalar function, referred to as the potential of the external field, or simply the "external field" for short. Typically it is taken to be a polynomial, and written as follows: Vt D V . I t1; : : : ; t /D 1 2 2 C X


In this work, an attempt is made to verify the existence of a hairy layer at the surface of polymer latex particles, and determine its thickness under different conditions. Two systems have been studied. In one system, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium dodecanoate (laurate-SL) were used, separately, as emulsifiers in ab initio (unseeded) emulsion polymerization of styrene carried out at different ionic strengths. At low levels of electrolyte (NaCl in the range 0·00– 0·10M), the hydrodynamic radius (dH) was found to decrease gradually, reaching a minimum value at 0·10M, about 7–9nm smaller than the original value in the absence of electrolyte. At electrolyte levels higher than 0·10M, dH increased monotonically. In the first observation, the results are interpreted in terms of a hairy layer model, which suggests that the thickness of this layer is reduced by the presence of an electrolyte because of charge shielding, while the increased dH at high ionic strength is interpreted in terms of coalescence between latex particles. The extent of the effect depends mainly on the concentration of emulsifier.

In the second system, the effect on a seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene was investigated. In this system, a seed latex containing about 10% solids was prepared with SDS as emulsifier. The monomer was then further polymerized at different ionic strengths with no more added emulsifier. The effect on dH was very similar to that of the first system. However, in a previous investigation on this system (Polym. Int., 40 (1996) 307) the rate of seeded polymerization was not affected in the electrolyte range 0·0–0·1M, while it was found to increase with increasing electrolyte level in the range 0·10–0·20M. Post-addition of electrolyte (0·0–0·1M) to the seed latex results in a 4–6nm size contraction due to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface, leading to a backward extension away from the aqueous phase. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry


Since my post hit #1 on Hacker News and blew up the article in a whole different way, I thought I ought to change the


A laboratory investigation was conducted to characterize the constitutive property behavior of Cor-Tuf, an ultra-high-performance composite concrete. Mechanical property tests (hydrostatic compression, unconfined compression (UC), triaxial compression (TXC), unconfined direct pull (DP), uniaxial strain, and uniaxial-strain-load/constant-volumetric-strain tests) were performed on specimens prepared from concrete mixtures with and without steel fibers. From the UC and TXC test results, compression failure surfaces were developed for both sets of specimens. Both failure surfaces exhibited a continuous increase in maximum principal stress difference with increasing confining stress. The DP tests results determined the unconfined tensile strengths of the two mixtures. The tensile strength of each mixture was less than the generally assumed tensile strength for conventional strength concrete, which is 10 percent of the unconfined compressive strength. Both concretes behaved similarly, but Cor-Tuf with steel fibers exhibited slightly greater strength with increased confining pressure, and Cor-Tuf without steel fibers displayed slightly greater compressibility.


Objective To explore the method of extraction and content determination of flavones in Lophatheri Gracilis.Methods Pure physical process flow and spectrophotometry were used to extract flavones from Lophatheri Gracilis and validate the extracted flavones.Results The concentration of flavones in the sample C=1.385,average recovery was 100.6%,RSD was 1.99%.The purity and production rate were all quite high.Conclusion Complete physical process is used in this method,without any chemical changes and pollutions.It is taken as the effective access to extract flavones from Lophatheri Gracilis.


The genetic diversity and relationships of Illicium Linn.samples(some species of Illicium Linn.and some cultivars/types) were analyzed by using fluorescent-labeled AFLP markers.AFLP fingerprinting of 56 samples with 6 primer combinations(Pst Ⅰ /Mse Ⅰ) revealed 989 unambiguous bands totally,of which 988 ones were polymorphic and the poly-morphism frequency was 99.90 %.Among 56 samples,45 ones had unique bands.The genetic similarity coefficients(Nei and Li's) of 56 Illiciaceae germplasm resources ranged from 0.17 to 0.71,and the average coefficients was 0.47.With UPGMA clustering method,7 species such as Illicium lanceolatum,and Illicium verum were classified into 2 groups.And most samples(44 cultivars/types) were grouped in C clusters,which indicated that Guangxi Illicium verum cultivars had closer relationship.The method of AFLP markers can be used to identify all samples,and can be applied to identify Illiciaceae germplasm resources.


The purpose of this paper is to present the main aspects of a design and test (D&T) methodology used in the development of a specific type of system. The application focuses medical imaging using a compact positron emission mammography (PEM) detector with 12288 channels, targeting high selectivity and spatial resolution. The system operates at 100 MHz, with a data acquisition rate of 1 million events per second, under a total single photon background rate in the detector of 10 MHz. In this paper, the data acquisition electronics (DAE) system of the clear-PEM detector is used as vehicle for demonstrating the characteristics and versatility of the D&T methodology. For production and lifetime test, robust functional-oriented built-in self test (BIST) structures are developed. A design challenge in this context is the need to identify relevant data out of a huge amount of data streams. Another design challenge is the need to guaranty synchronism, without which data would become meaningless. Hierarchy, modularity, parallelism and pipelining are extensively exploited to meet these stringent system requirements. DAE implementation involves eight 4-million, one 2-million and one 1-million gate FPGAs (Xilinx Virtex II).


Living ages of artificial catalytic machinery leverages improvising purpose-driven pore functionality engineering in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to pursuit alternative renewable energy source and biomimetic hydrogen-bond-donating (HBD) organo-catalysis. Though challenging, systematic...


It is not easy to make a decision between aesthetics and usability aspects: which one needs to be given more consideration? Usability and aesthetics, two primary factors in designing e-commerce websites, have been a subject of debate between usability specialists and graphic designers. The first group believe that usability is the key for a successful e-commerce website while graphic designers consider that aesthetic design of the website is the main factor that affects customer behaviour in purchasing online. However, in setting priority in website designing, designers should reflect on customers' perception towards the website. In this book one travel website is selected as a case study to evaluate with the aim of providing designer with useful information to enhance website designing, specifically travel websites.


Digital Library; Bacon's Media Directory; Cabell's Directories; DBLP; Google Scholar; INSPEC; JournalTOCs; Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA); MediaFinder; The Standard Periodical Directory; Ulrich's Periodicals Directory Copyright The International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management (IJMDEM) (ISSN 1947-8534; eISSN 1947-8542), Copyright © 2014 IGI Global. All rights, including translation into other languages reserved by the publisher. No part of this journal may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher, except for noncommercial, educational use including classroom teaching purposes. Product or company names used in this journal are for identifi cation purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. The views expressed in this journal are those of the authors but not necessarily of IGI Global. RESEARCH ARTICLES


The Malaysian economy enjoyed a period of sustained economic growth up until the mid-1997 East Asian economic crisis. As a result of the government's economic recovery measures, official government statistics estimate that by the end of 2004 GDP growth will increase by 8%. Malaysia's high level of economic growth and the aspiration of becoming a developed and industrialized nation has created the environment for growth, and stimulated changes in construction industry. This paper overviews how the Malaysian construction industry responded to the country's rapid economic development. The paper focuses on Malaysia's rapid economic development and the impact on the growth and changes in construction output. This provides an understanding of the past and present scenario of the construction industry in the economy


We examined the impact of three-tiered instruction on multiplication facts for Japanese second-grade public elementary students (N=59). In Tier 1 (about three months), all students received regular classroom instruction from their classroom teachers. We monitored the accuracy and uency of their performance on multiplication facts. In Tier 2 (about one month), teachers conducted a 10-minute supplemental instruction ( ash card practice) (n=17). In Tier 3 (about three weeks), students (n=5) practiced multiplication facts through the "covercopy-compare" method and a timed trial procedure. We calculated the percentage of correctly answered problems and assessed the number of correct and incorrect problems per minute in 1-minute timed trials. A multiple probe design across instructional materials was used to evaluate the e ect of Tier 3 instruction. Fi y-three of the 59 students demonstrated mastery of all multiplication facts during Tier 1 and Tier 2. However, the remaining six students including one who did not complete the study did not master all multiplication facts in Tier 3. Results of this study suggest concrete practical issues that should be addressed in future practical research.


BACKGROUND Axial and coronal reformations have been a widely used image post-processing protocol for the ordinary multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) examination of patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO) or other abdominal diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO is expected to be further improved through the use of multiple post-processing techniques. AIM To systemically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of an optimized protocol using multiple post-processing techniques for MDCT assessment of SBO and secondary bowel ischemia. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 106 patients with clinically suspected SBO. Two readers applied three protocols to image post-processing and interpretation of patients' MDCT volume data. We compared the three protocols based on time spent, number of images, diagnostic self-confidence, agreement, detection rate, and accuracy of detection of SBO and secondary bowel ischemia. RESULTS Protocol 2 resulted in more time spent and number of images than protocols 1 and 3 (P < 0.01), but the results of the two readers using the same protocol were not different (P > 0.05). Using protocol 3, both readers added multiple post-processing techniques at frequencies of 29.2% and 34.9%, respectively, for obstruction cause, and 32.1% and 30.2%, respectively, for secondary bowel ischemia. Protocols 2 and 3 had higher total detection rates of obstruction cause and secondary bowel ischemia than protocol 1 (P < 0.01), but no difference was detected between protocols 2 and 3 (P > 0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of protocols 2 and 3 were superior to those of protocol 1 for evaluating obstruction cause and secondary bowel ischemia. CONCLUSION Our optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques can both guarantee efficiency and improve diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.


Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis on the clinical trails of EGFR-TKIs for non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC) and to evaluate its clinical efficacy. Methods: The related literature concerning the clinical trials of EGFR-TKIs in the treatment of NSCLC published both in the domestic and overseas from 2005 to 2013 were retrieved. Meta analysis on the selected literature was conducted by means of Review Manager 5. 0 and ITC software. Results: A total of 10 clinical trials were included in our study. The RR value of overall response rate and disease control rate between Icotinib and Gefitinib in patients with NSCLC were 1. 07(P=0. 69)、1. 01(P=0. 89) ,respectively. The RR value of overall response rate and disease control rate between Gefitinib and Erlotinib in patients with NSCLC were 1. 23(P=0. 10) and 1. 04(P=0. 46) ,respectively. The RR value of overall response rate and disease control rate between Icotinib and Erlotinib in patients with NSCLC were 1. 32(P=0. 79) and 1. 05(P=0. 95) ,respectively. Conclusion: It showed no profound significant differences in efficacy between Icotinib and Gefitinib ,Gefitinib and Erlotinib,Icotinib and Erlotinib in patients with NSCLC. However,the results should be interpreted with caution because of the quantity and sample size of the included trials. More high quality stud- ies are needed to further prove the results.


– This mixed method study findings indicate that the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of the teachers is an influencing factor of learning algebra in grade six in Sri Lankan schools. Reliable and validated two questionnaires followed by 24 of eight mathematics teachers' classroom observations and post- lesson interviews were administered for collecting data in the explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. Field notes, lesson video recordings and the interview data were triangulated in terms of the reliability of the qualitative data while the two questionnaires were piloted and designed by Delphi method before collecting quantitative data. The Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire-2 was 7.59. SPSS statistical software was used in the first phase while the reflexive thematic analysis method was used in the second phase of the data analysis process. The study results of the first phase indicate that the mathematics teachers' PCK in teaching algebra is at a medium level and not satisfactory. Teachers' PCK in algebra was found to be multi-functional, indicating no positive relationship with academic qualification, professional qualification and professional experiences. Further analysis showed that there was no correlation between the PCK and the PCK knowledge dimensions, declarative, procedural and conditional knowledge. Qualitative study results revealed that the mathematics teachers' PCK is low, in building algebraic concepts in the students' mind, addressing the students' algebraic misconceptions and understanding of students' algebraic thinking. Finally, learning algebra in algebraic symbols, variables and algebraic expressions were observed and found to be less effective. Therefore, content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge based professional teacher development programs are recommended for enhancing the students' learning algebra in the classrooms.


It is really a privilege for me to be invited for the Second Annual Capps Lecture at the University of Virginia. When I first visited Charlottesville in 1989, I left the place with the firm conviction that I had seen one of the most beautiful university campuses anywhere. Today I have the honor to speak to you in this Rotunda, which is called one of the ten most beautiful architectural structures in the United States. It seems rather inappropriate to address the embarrassing problems of our time in these harmonious surroundings. Perhaps it helps to quote the genius of this place, Thomas Jefferson, who said: "Enlighten the people generally, and tyranny and oppression of body and mind will vanish like spirits in the dawn of day."


The first, theoretical part of this essay engages a recent publication by Maria Borio, dedicated to Italian poetry from the 1970s to the 1990s. Borio's volume analyzes some methodological issues, and while she attempts to establish a poetical canon, she also deals with its correlation to a form of ethical and lyrical knowledge. The second part of the essay analyzes the ethical dimension of some choice poetic collections published between the late 1990s and the early 2000s; here, Brancati explores poetry by Antonella Anedda, Franco Buffoni, and Mario Benedetti, in which the need of the lyrical subject to foster a genuine representation of a given experience determines a reformulation of the author's style.


In this paper, a non-orthogonal constitutive model [1] is used to investigate the effect of sample misalignment due to 'tow meander', across the initial blank sheet on the shear compliance of a woven glass fabric, as measured using the biaxial bias extension test with various transverse loads applied [2]. The same statistical distribution and spatial correlations of shear angles observed in the woven glass fabric have been automatically reproduced using 'VarifabGA' [3]. The effect of realistic tow directional variability is investigated by generating blanks using VarifabGA and then simulating the biaxial bias extension test using the finite element software, Abaqus ExplicitTM. In order to assign the initial fiber orientation to each element in the mesh, a unique element set is assigned to each element. A MatlabTM code 'InitialAngle.m' has been written to produce two input files; the first 'Mat.inp' includes the material property parameters of each element and the second 'Sec.inp' includes the sections of those elements. Finally, a comparison between the experimental and predicted shear compliance shows the effect of tow directional variabilityorientation to each element in the mesh, a method is introduced which involves assigning a unique element set to each element in the mesh. A Matlab code 'InitialAngle' has been written to produce two input files; the first input file 'Mat.inp' includes the material property parameters of each element and the second input file 'Sec.inp' includes the sections of those elements. Finally, a comparison between the experimental and predicted shear compliance shows the effect of tow misalignment on the shear compliance.


Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications on yield and occurrence of major diseases and insect pests of rice were studied by using the rice variety Zhong 9 You 288.The results showed that the major diseases and insect pests of rice,such as rice sheath blight,rice leaf folders and yellow stem borer,were aggravated with the increase of the dosage of nitrogen and reduced with the increasing the dosage of potassium.The rice yield was raised in the early treatments to a maximum output,while it decreased in later treatments with the increased dosage of nitrogen.The rice yield was positively correlated within the trial dosage of potassium.


Today, a Client and an associated Server use a single IP priority for all the data packets exchanged over a TCP session used to transport the Telnet traffic (file transfer and screen related interactions). The present invention discloses a method and system to provide the Client with the capability, when exchanging a file with an SNA Host over a TCP session, to dynamically change (i.e downgrade) the IP priority associated to all data packets flowing to the TN3270 Server over the TCP session, during the whole duration of the file transfer. The associated Server, on receipt of a data packet from the client (due to screen related interactions or to file transfers), memorizes the associated priority and uses this priority over all packets that it sends back to the client. This allows IP network implementation to give higher priority treatment to the data packets due to screen related interactions (interactive traffic) over data packets related to file transfer (batch traffic). The priority used by data packets related to file transfer is customisable, to give maximum freedom to the network designer. For example, SNA true interactive traffic (due to screen related interactions) could flow on the highest priority, pure IP traffic could flow on any of the possible medium priorities and data packet due to file transfer could use the lowest priority within the network.


The influence of carbon deposition temperature on the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on the modified active carbon was investigated.It was found that the higher the temperature,the better the selectivity.However,the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of selectivity,which had very negative influence on practical application.


There are the research results of using machine learning to solve the problem of the remote host operating system detection in the article. The analysis of existing methods and means of detection of the remote host operating system are carried out, the main advantages and disadvantages of their using are defined. Modeling of machine learning methods is carried out. The software architecture is designed and experimental application is developed. It uses a trained machine learning model that allows detecting the type and version of operating system with high accuracy.


Excitation function for the 89Y(p,x)89gZr nuclear reactions were measured using a stacked-foil activation technique combined with HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry in the proton energy range of 42 MeV down to 3 MeV. Measured data were compared with the earlier reported experimental data available in the literature, theoretical data from the model calculations by the TALYS and ALICE-IPPE codes, and found an overall good agreement among them. Integral yields for the reported radionuclide were deduced using the measured cross-sections. Optimum production circumstances for the 89gZr radionuclide are discussed elaborately.


This thesis entitled " The Adabi Ijtima'i Characteristics In Tafseer Muyassar Work's 'Aidh Al-Qarni" Focusing on the study of adaby ijtima'i patterns used in Tafseer al-Muyassar, and also study the advantages and disadvantages of adaby ijtima'i patterns contained in Tafseer al Muyassar written by Aidh al-Qarni. The style is Adaby ijtima'i-oriented interpretation of literary culture and society. The style was born in the late 19th century with the vanguard, Muhammad Abduh along with Rashid Rida.
 Tafseer Muyassar Authorship 'Aidh Al Qarni is included contemporary interpretation. Desirable authors examine in this commentary to the study of patterns adabi ijtima'i Tafseer Muyassar and understand the advantages and disadvantages of pattern adaby ijtimai in Tafseer al Muyassar. The initial steps to determine the mode of interpretation Adabi Ijtima'i in Tafseer Muyassar are the first to understand about adaby ijtima'i complexion. Then grasp reading and examines how models are applied adaby ijtima'I's Aidh al-Qarni in interpreting verses from Qur'an in his commentary book.
 Results of research on pattern adaby ijtima'i this interpretation is that Aidh al-Qarni in interpreting a clause aims to facilitate and understanding among people who are not proficient in Arabic. adabi ijtima'I pattern seen in his interpretation that style language that is easily digested by the reader, a style that is simple 'aidh al-Qarni pour in his commentary as if he was just trying to move the language of the Qur'an into their own languages with a little extra on the principal idea each verse is interpreted to relate the meaning of the verse with the conditions and problems that exist in society.
'aidh Al-Qarni in explaining the verse does not explain an explanation of the books of the previous interpretation or commentary make it as a reference book in writing his commentary. Al-Quran and Hadith is the main reference for him in interpreting the verse, do not understand it in terms of the science instrument, or balaghah, with formats such explanations could be advantages of this method will be clear and easy interpretation is understood and practiced reader. But the explanation is too simple can also be a weakness adabi ijtima'i in Tafseer Muyassar due to lack strong supporting data or commentaries explanation other scholars.


Abstract Although older women living with HIV (OWLH) face challenges related to the intersection of HIV and aging, our published research found significant prevalence of self-rated successful aging (SRSA) in a sample of OWLH enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Studies in other populations link SRSA to positive psychosocial factors but little is known about SRSA mechanisms among OWLH. The purpose of this study is to test a conceptual psychosocial model of SRSA. Our sample (N=356) included OWLH enrolled in WIHS who participated in the "From Surviving to Thriving" (FROST) substudy and completed psychosocial and cognitive assessments: average age 56.5 years, 73% Black, 55% with annual income ≤ $12,000, 74% having 3 or more comorbidities, median CD4=673 cells/ml (Q1=486; Q3=880). SRSA was assessed using a research-based 10-point scale (higher scores=better outcomes). We conducted adjusted structural equation modeling. The global model included two latent variables -- protective attributes (composite of positive psychosocial factors: resilience, personal mastery, optimism, spirituality) and negative affect (composite of negative psychosocial factors: anxiety, depression, loneliness, internalized HIV-related stigma). The model showed good fit (χ2(65)=72.3, p=0.25; RMSE=0.02; CFI=0.99) and explained 21% of variance in SRSA. Increased protective attributes were associated with improved SRSA both directly (p<0.01) and indirectly, via improved coping with stress (p<0.001). While negative affect did not have a direct effect on SRSA, it was indirectly associated with worsened SRSA via diminished protective attributes (p<0.001). Findings suggest the need for interventions enhancing positive and mitigating negative psychosocial factors to promote SRSA among OWLH.


The Little Engine That Couldn't: Societal Fears, Upward Mobility, and the Failure of Technology in Mark Twain's Works Dana Sliva Born in 1835, Mark Twain became one of the most respected and admired writers of his era (Hartman). A self-proclaimed "typical American," Twain led an extraordinary life; aside from his writing, Twain traveled to the Holy Land, piloted riverboats on the Mississippi, and unsuccessfully panned for silver in Nevada (Hartman). While these feats seem anything but ordinary, Twain displayed the typical American spirit of upward mobility (Hartman). Like his father before him, Twain chased fortune, always seeking something bigger and better than what he currently had (Hartman). In his short story "Cannibalism in the Cars" and his novel A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, Twain explores the age of upward mobility and addresses his contemporaries' societal fears by examining the failure of technology. In "Cannibalism in the Cars," the steam engine serves as the medium through which Twain explores societal tensions. Twain wrote during the post-Civil War era known as Reconstruction, when the "re-United States was in the midst of. . .a severe [cultural and social] reorganization" (Davis and Hurm 49). In "Cannibalism in the Cars," the speaker begins his tale by stating, "On the 19th of December, 1853, I started from St. Louis on the evening train bound for Chicago" (Twain, "Cannibalism" 9). The train's suspension from West to East and South to North—St. Louis is southwest of Chicago—signifies both cultural and class differences in Twain's society. For example, many former slaves sought refuge in the North, pointing to its social progression and acceptance when compared to the Jim Crow South. While Twain associates the East with civilization, industry, and science, his West stands for past communal values in his own life. At the age of eighteen, Twain left Hannibal, Missouri, to pursue what he


There is a long history describing the structure and evolution of science. Recent unprecedented progress in access, use, and analysis of information on scientific publications and patents open innovative ways to study the structure and evolution of science. Especially, a mapping of knowledge has received wide recognition as a new, evolving area of research. The ultimate goal of this study is to contribute to endeavours to understand and track the changing nature of science. In this study, current trends in scientific activities were mapped and their characteristics were examined. Research areas were explored through a co-citation analysis and a map of science was generated to analyse how research areas were related to each other. Methodology which is commonly used in social network analysis was also applied to examine knowledge networks at the institutional level. The analysis clearly shows the multi-disciplinary character of some research, such as 'Nano materials and devices', 'Genomics', and 'Environment'. A precursor of the emergence of nano-bioscience is also observed. Measurement of countries' specialisation clearly indicates an increased share of the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in some research. The BRICs are currently in a stage of intense catching up and their importance in knowledge networks is likely to become substantial. Social network analysis at the institutional level reveals that the structure of knowledge networks strongly depends on research and each institution probably has its own function in the network. These results show how science is evolving not only across disciplines but also across countries or regions. Mise en evidence du caractere evolutif de la science, elaboration de nouveaux indicateurs scientifiques et typologie de la science Il existe une longue tradition de description de la structure et de l'evolution de la science. Cependant, les progres recents sans precedent dans l'acces a l'information sur les publications et brevets scientifiques et dans l'utilisation et l'analyse de cette information ouvrent des voies nouvelles pour etudier la structure et l'evolution de la science. En particulier la typologie du savoir est de plus en plus reconnue comme un nouveau domaine de recherche prometteur. Le but ultime de cette etude est de contribuer aux efforts pour comprendre et retracer le caractere evolutif de la science. Dans cette etude, les tendances actuelles des activites scientifiques ont ete mises en evidence et leurs caracteristiques analysees. Les domaines de recherche ont ete explores au moyen d'une analyse de co-citations et une typologie de la science a ete dressee pour analyser les liens existant entre les differents domaines scientifiques. Une methodologie couramment employee dans l'analyse des reseaux sociaux a egalement ete utilisee pour examiner les reseaux de connaissance au niveau institutionnel. L'analyse a clairement montre le caractere pluridisciplinaire de certaines recherches, comme les « nanomateriaux et nanodispositifs », la « genomique » et l«'environnement ». Un precurseur de l'emergence de la nanobioscience a egalement ete observe. La mesure de la specialisation des pays a clairement indique l'emergence des BRICs (Bresil, Russie, Inde et Chine) dans certaines recherches. Les BRICs sont actuellement engages dans une phase intense de rattrapage et ils vont certainement prendre une importance significative dans les reseaux de connaissance. L'analyse des reseaux sociaux au niveau des institutions a montre que la structure des reseaux de connaissance est fortement conditionnee par la recherche et que chaque institution occupe sans doute une fonction propre dans le reseau. Ces resultats ont mis en evidence la facon dont la science evolue non seulement entre les disciplines, mais aussi entre les pays et les regions.


In this study, the authors evaluate the performance of an earth-to-satellite free-space optical link in terms of bit error rate (BER) for three intensity modulation (IM) schemes [on–off keying (OOK), M-ary pulse position modulation (M-PPM) and M-ary differential PPM (M-DPPM)] and direct detection receiver. The performance is analysed in the presence of atmospheric turbulence, beam-wander induced pointing error and weather conditions. Turbulence with beam wander effect is modelled using gamma-gamma distribution and the weather effects are incorporated using the Beer-Lambert law. They obtain closed form BER expressions for the above IM schemes using combined channel state probability density functions. They show that for the same average power, M-PPM offers the best performance, followed by M-DPPM and OOK schemes. Link performance degrades for all IM schemes with increase in the value of ground level refractive index structure parameter and bit rate. Presence of weather conditions like moderate, light and thin fog increase signal attenuation and this increase may be very high in case of thick and dense fog or clouds and can lead to link failure.


Through wind tunnel experiment, the rate of wind erosion and blown sand structure under conditions of ridge tillage and flat tillage were studied. The results indicated that: The mean rates of wind erosion under ridge tillage were 20 to 40 percent less than that under flat tillage. A power function was found between the rate of wind erosion and wind velocity in the seven simulated tillage conditions, but the rate of wind erosion increased faster with the increasing wind velocity under flat tillage. Wind velocity of 15 m/s was the significant point to aggravate wind erosion, while ridge tillage greatly decreased the rate of wind erosion when the wind velocity beyond 15 m/s. In the height of 0~20 cm, the sand transport rate under flat tillage decreased with increasing height by a negative exponential function, while negative line functions were founded under ridge tillage. Under ridge tillage, the total volume of sand transport in 0~4 cm and sand transport percent between 0~4 cm and 0~20 cm (Q_(0~4)/Q_(0~20)) were less than that under flat tillage. Comparison among different kinds of ridge tillage, under the same ridge height, the rate of wind erosion decreased and Q_(0~4)/Q_(0~20) increased with increasing ratio between the height of ridge and the width of furrow. Under the same ratio between the height of ridge and the width of furrow, the rate of wind erosion increased and Q_(0~4)/Q_(0~20) decreased with the increasing height of ridge.


Current empirical studies on countries' logistics performance do not fully reflect the main logistical principles of flow, system and total-costs theory. The authors provide a model which fills this gap. The approach is essentially based on the standard Supply Chain Operations Reference model (SCOR) viewed from the perspective of an integrated supply chain. This new, holistic model makes it possible to evaluate the process-related steps of administrative tasks and all modes of transportation and warehousing in terms of time and costs. The model starts with the estimated customer order and takes account of country-specific conditions, such as infrastructure and the legal framework. This process-based approach allows the flows of material and information to be analysed and planned in order to optimise all elements having regard to a company's specific strategy. Accordingly, the model defines various evaluation and calculation methods, thereby revealing a number of interdependencies. It also allows the calculation to be based on data sources from international organisations or the historical operational data of companies (if available). The model also allows countries to be evaluated in terms of their business processes.


Health manpower is the core in health resource,which is decisive in the development of health cause.In order to explore the way and method of rational disposition of health professionals in the new situation in China,improve the efficacy and bring the initiative of medical staff into play to the largest extent,in this article we review and assess the main staffing methods used in the study of health manpower resource,including health need approach,health demand approach,service target approach,ratio of health care staffs and population approach,hospital planning model,grey mode,micro-integration approach and work load analysis approach.


A light-emitting layer is prepared by using sputtering gas containing H2S gas at a concentration greater than 20% by volume, and by sputtering a target 2 under the optimal electrical discharge power corresponding to the concentration of H2S gas. A light-emitting layer having good light-emitting characteristics is obtained at a high film-forming rate. The sputtering gas is argon and the target is a Zn-Mn alloy disc. In a modification, separate Zn and Mn targets are used.


PURPOSE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by stereotyped behaviours and impairments in communication and social interactions. Despite its neurodevelopmental origin and high incidence (>1 in 100 children), the aetiology and pathology of ASD are still largely unknown. Substantial heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of ASD has been reported as a major obstacle in further uncovering disease aetiology and specific biomarkers and therefore animal models that mimic specific facets of the disease, i.e. endophenotypes, have been developed. These animal models of ASD have been assessed mainly by behavioural testing and/or ex vivo structural MRI. Here we leveraged neurofunctional and neurochemical appraisals with the goal of bridging the gap between genetic/molecular findings and ASD-related behavioural phenotypes. A potentially translational approach was taken with in vivo fMRI and MRS that were carried out in five distinct mouse models of idiopathic ASD ranging from inbred strains and environmental challenges to specific gene mutations and copy number variants.