This article presents a novel framework called the Policy Informative Cyber Case Analysis for cyberattack incidents. The aim of this framework is to provide a structured documentation and translational assessment tool for cyber incidents of geopolitical significance to a broader policy audience. The article discusses case study method as applied to cyber incidents, situates the framework amongst other useful methods, discusses the application of structured analytic techniques (SAT) such as "chronologies and timelines" and "devil's advocacy," presents the framework, and provides conclusions. Cyber incident cases, primarily the 2015 attack on the Ukrainian electric-grid is used throughout to elucidate the utility and application of the framework.


Diabetic wound healing still faces great challenges due to the excessive inflammation, easy infection, and impaired angiogenesis in wound beds. The immunoregulation of macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype that facilitates the transition from inflammation to proliferation phase has been proved to be an effective way to improve diabetic wound healing. Herein, an M2 phenotype‐enabled anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial conductive hydrogel scaffolds (GDFE) for producing rapid angiogenesis and diabetic wound repair are reported. The GDFE scaffolds are fabricated facilely through the dynamic crosslinking between polypeptide and polydopamine and graphene oxide. The GDFE scaffolds possess thermosensitivity, self‐healing behavior, injectability, broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory ability, and electronic conductivity. GDFE effectively activates the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype and significantly promotes the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts, the migration, and in vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells through paracrine mechanisms. The in vivo results from a full‐thickness diabetic wound model demonstrate that GDFE can rapidly promote the diabetic wound repair and skin regeneration, through fast anti‐inflammation and angiogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization. This study provides highly efficient strategy for treating diabetic wound repair through designing the M2 polarization‐enabled anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial bioactive materials.


The disposition of [14C]2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐dione, a potent hypolipidaemic agent, has been determined after both intravenous and oral administration. Both the routes of administration afforded multi‐exponential disposition with an estimated t 1/2 of approximately 75 h. After oral administration, the drug was observed to be absorbed rapidly from the intestine and distributed quickly to all tissues of the body. A large quantity of the 14C‐radioactivity was found in the skin and carcass. Approximately 35% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in urine after oral administration and 11% in the faeces. Approximately 66% of the radioactivity excreted in urine was the parent drug. There was evidence of an additional metabolite which accounted for 28% of the urinary radioactive excretion. The parent drug has little serum protein binding, is highly water soluble, and is probably taken up by cells by passive diffusion.


Objective To characterize the human motor cortex reaction on acupuncture stimulations of ZUSANLI(S36) and YANGLINGQUAN(G34) by using real time imaging processing functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Methods fMRI was performed in 20 healthy volunteers and 17 patients with limb motion impairment caused by lesions in central sulcus area. The healthy volunteers were asked to perform two tasks: being acupunctured at acupoints of S36 and G34 (on the right side) and doing digital opposition movement of the right hand. The region of interest (ROI) was detected by fMRI, including the right and left primary motor cortex (RMI and LMI), premotor cortex(RPMC and LPMC) and the supplementary motor area(SMA). Only the ROI in which CC≥0.6 and range exceeds 4 pixels was counted as an activated area. All the patients were punctured at S36 and G34 and the observation of changes of the surrounding area of the lesion site was conducted through fMRI. Results Of the 20 volunteers, functional MR images were obtained in 19 volunteers while doing the digital opposition movement task except one subject who failed doing so,showing the activation of RMI in 8 subjects,RPMC in 8,SMA in 9,LMI in 19,LPMC in 9. While being acupunctured, the fMR images of 4 volunteers were abandoned due to gross motion artifacts. For the remaining 16 subjects, activation was shown of RMI in 7 subjects,of RPMC in 11,of SMA in 9,of LMI in 11 and of LPMC in 13 subjects. The possibility of RMI activation by acupuncture was higher than by digital opposition movement( P 0.05 ). However, there was no significant difference between the acupuncture and digital opposition movement with regard to the activation of the other ROIs( P 0.05). In all the 17 patients, acupuncture at S36 and G34 obviously activated the areas surrounding the lesion site as shown with the fMRI brain mapping. Conclusion Functional MRI demonstrated the widely distributed response in human motor cortex to acupuncture at S36 and G34. These findings may shed light on the CNS mechanism of acupuncture effect. fMRI is valuable in exploring acupuncture mechanisms.


This paper describes the principle and working method of the video encoder server′s heat design.A heat design scheme of embedded system based on MCU are designed to meet the requirement of system reliability.Based on the heat design basic principle,A scientific,economic,applied heat design method of video encoder server is designed.In virtue of heat design analysis software,the efficiency of product is improved.The install technics of MCU between radiator and MCU between PCB are improved.The result proves that those methods resolve the problem of the embedded system′s working environment,which makes the video encoder server used widely,and more stability and reliability.


In a very famous passage of his Institutes , the ancient jurist Gaius had divided the Roman Private Law in two parts: the Civil Law and the Law of People. The former is the Law created by the Roman people, whereas the latter is the Law followed by every nation. Despite its classical origin, there is some disagreement among specialists about the right way to interpret this distinction. By the beginning of the 20 th century, historians like Michel Villey had seen in this distinction the influence of Greek philosophy (Stoic but even Aristotelian) among the Roman jurists. But Levy and more recently Kelly have challenged this view and proposed that, in the roman period, philosophers and jurists had completely distinct notions of nature and natural law. The aim of this paper is not to prove the exact influence of Greek philosophy among jurists, but only to suggest that it is not possible to give an interpretation of the classical texts without ascribing to them a theoretical notion of the natural law.


The study was carried out on 3051 Karan Fries cows maintained at NDRI, Karnal during 1965 to 2000. Out of total, only 9.24% animals were found to be inbred with an average inbreeding coefficient of 3.65 %. Among the inbreds, majority of the animals (76.5 %) were lowly inbred with inbreeding coefficient below 6 %. No inbreds were found in the first generation from paternal as well as maternal side. Incidence of inbreeding followed an increasing trend over the generations, whereas, level of inbreeding reduced over the generations. Detrimental effect of inbreeding on various performance traits was observed. Animals with inbreeding coefficient more than 12% were poorer with respect to various growth, first lactation production and reproduction traits and herd life. However, the effect of inbreeding was found significant only for weight at one year (WOY) and herdlife (HL) in Karan Fries females, whereas, for other traits the effect was statistically nonsignificant. Regression of various performance traits on inbreeding indicated the deleterious effect of inbreeding on the respective traits. Regression coefficients were nonsignificant for all the traits. Depressing effect of inbreeding may be due to increase in the homozygosity with respect to recessive alleles.


To investigate the feasibility, and perform a pilot study, of a randomised clinical trial, investigating whether children experience less pain, fear and/or distress when they receive oral ibuprofen vs placebo before a needle is inserted in a subcutaneously implanted intravenous port.


The invention discloses a method for extracting pea molasses and pea protein isolate from pea starch production wastewater. The method comprises the steps in sequence of protein extraction, acid sedimentation separation, washing separation, neutralization, whey concentration, flash distillation for sterilization, drying and powder-sieving. The extraction method can improve the purity and yield of pea protein isolate efficiently; wastewater generated from the production of pea protein isolate is collected for extracting pea molasses for use, so that the wastewater is fully utilized, and resource waste and environment pollution are alleviated. The pea protein isolate produced by the method has the content of more than 90%, has quite high water-retaining property and oil absorption capacity, and has gel formability better than that of soybean protein isolate. The pea molasses produced by the method is a brown syrup-shaped substance with the content of total sugar within 50%-60%, and has relatively great application prospect in the aspects of foods, medicines and light industry.


Actively replicating retroviruses entered hominid species millions of years ago and through mutations preventing replication now exist as 8% of the human genome. Active retroviral particles and antigens from the supposedly dormant human endogenous retrovirus, HERV-K (HML2), have been identified in several cancer cell lines. We have recently demonstrated very high RNA titers of HERV-K (HML2) in the plasma of HIV positive individuals by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and RT-PCR. We now demonstrate very high HERV-K (HML2) RNA titers in the plasma of patients with HIV positive and HIV negative non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and in Hodgkin Disease (HD), but not in normal individuals. Different copies of HERV-K (HML-2) present throughout the human genome exist as Type 1 viruses which encode a new oncoprotein, NP9, or as Type 2 viruses which encode a functional envelope (env) and express the Rec oncoprotein. Both Types 1 and 2 viruses appear in NHLs but only Type 1 appears in the plasma of those with HD. HERV-K (HML2) Env and Gag proteins, Env and Gag RNA, and Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activity are isolated from patients with a variety of NHLs, but not in normal controls or in patients with non-malignant diseases. Viral titers dramatically decrease, up to an approximately 7.5 log drop, when patients with NHL or HD go into remission following treatment. To further establish the presence of functional viruses in NHL and HD, immuno-gold electron microscopy allowed demonstration of HERV-K (HML2) particles in the plasma of lymphoma patients. Preliminary analysis of the effect of antiretroviral agents on cell lines infected with HERV-K (HML2) demonstrate a drug class-specific reduction in viral expression at drug concentration levels that range from 0.125 – 1 mcg/mL. In conclusion, we have demonstrated evidence that human endogenous retroviruses are found in the plasma of patients with NHL and HD, suggesting that these viruses, previously presumed to be inactive, may play a role in lymphoma pathogenesis. The observation that viral expression parallels declines in disease activity with treatment of disease may allow use of HERV-K (HML2) expression as a biomarker of lymphoma activity. The role of the HERV-K (HML2)-encoded oncoproteins in disease pathogenesis is under study, as is the potential role of antiretroviral therapy for these malignancies.


Disaster management involves the pillars of emergency management: planning and preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery. Emergencies are serious events that threaten health, life, and property and can be managed within the capabilities of the affected organization. Disasters, on the other hand, are hypercomplex emergencies, requiring resources not immediately available. Disaster management follows the principles of emergency management, and emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and teamwork. Lack of resources will challenge people and organizations both in effects of disasters and the ability to manage them. Poverty, climate change, governance, and education are foundations to improve capacity. Hospitals play an important role in disaster response and can prepare accordingly. Plans, to be effective, must be implemented through appropriately-targeted exercises. Building on an all-hazards approach, to more hazard-specific considerations can improve disaster preparedness as well as day-to-day efficiency. Disaster management is complex and crucial. These principles are explored through the fictional tale of Tucci1, a coastal city in the worst flood anyone can remember. Well, almost anyone…


Introduction: Physical inactivity is an important contributor to obesity epidemic. In Nigeria, public secondary school teachers are prone to sedentary lifestyle. This study determined physical activity parameters and Body mass index (BMI) among public secondary school teachers in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. It also compared physical activity parameters and BMI between male and female teachers.
Materials and methods: This study is a cross sectional survey and 101 (65 females and 36 males) public secondary school teachers participated. Physical activity parameters (number of steps, distance covered and energy expenditure) were assessed using pedometer while the Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed from participant's height and weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Independent 't' test and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient) statistics. Alpha level was set at p<0. 05.
Results: Participants mean age, BMI, number of steps and energy expenditure were 43.67±9.49 years, 26.70±5.55 kg/m2, 7429.06±5469.6 steps per day and 185.26± 158.64 kcal/day respectively. There was a negative, non-significant correlation between number of steps and BMI (r = -0.004, p = 0.969), a significant positive correlation between Energy Expenditure and number of steps taken (r = 0.766, p = 0.001) and a positive, non-significant correlation between Energy Expenditure and BMI (r = 0.150, p = 0.135). Females had significantly higher body weight and BMI than male teachers.
Conclusions: Body weight and BMI was significantly higher among female than male participants. Men were physically active more than women but not significantly.


In this paper is presented an implementation of a fundamental frequency on a three-phase multilevel inverter supplied by a photovoltaic generator in a stand-alone system. The high cost of photovoltaic solar power makes it necessary to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the photovoltaic generator regardless the adopted scheme for the power converters. Several maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic systems have been developed to maximize the produced energy and most of these techniques are well published. The topology adopted for this implementation consists of two main blocs. In the first one, a buck-boost-type converter is used to interface the photovoltaic generator (PVG) to the voltage bus of the inverter. The second bloc contains a five-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI), generating fundamental modulation staircase three-phase output voltages. A microcontroller is used to control both converters. Experimental tests were done using a set of two tanks, one for extracting water and the other for the storage. The pumping system is built around an induction motor coupled to a single centrifugal pump. The main idea of such a system is to improve the global efficiency by increasing the stored water in a day.


An alkyl glucoside of formula (I) R is an alkyl group Sup.1 having 2-5 carbon atoms, preferably 2-4 carbon atoms CARBON; {R} is a group Sup.2 alkyl having 4-7 carbon atoms, preferably 5-6 carbon atoms, the sum of carbon atoms in R {Sup.1 YR} {711} Sup.2 , preferably 7-9; G is a monosaccharide residue; YX is 1-4, preferably 1 or 2. ALSO USE AS alkyl glucoside surfactant in a cleaning composition is exposed.


This study was supported by the Office of Secretary of Public Education of Mexico through the program Further Education Programme for Teachers (UNICACH-110). Further support was provided by the Spanish Research Agency (grant CGL2017-84515-R to FIP and grant CGL2015-66192-R to JML). We thank the Cabo de Gata-Nijar Nature Park for support during field work (permit: 2016-101-657).


OBJECTIVE To study the utilization of on-site voluntary counseling testing(VCT)at a parking lot by long-distance truck drivers in Shanghai.METHOD A VCT clinic was established in a major parking lot for long-distance truck drivers in Shanghai,not only for providing on-site HIV counseling and testing,but also for promoting HIV prevention and interventions.A face to face questionnaire interview was administered to VCT clinic attendants.RESULTS A total of 455 drivers accepted the VCT service.None of them was HIV positive and four of them were positive for syphilis RPR.Most of themrealized the three main routes of HIV transmission(blood,sexual contact and mother to child).38.9% of the VCT attendants reported having had commercial sex with sex workers.214 drivers had never heard of VCT before.Among those having heard of VCT before,49.0%(118/241)did not know the availability of VCT in local centers for disease control and prevention(CDC).86.1% of drivers thought they had no risk of getting HIV infection.CONCLUSION The awareness of HIV infection among long-distance truck drivers was low.Commercial sex was prevalent among this mobile population.Condom use was relatively low.The prevalence of HIV infection among long-distance truck drivers attending the VCT clinic was low.It is feasible to promote HIV prevention and intervention through establishing a VCT clinic at the parking lot.


Use of stabilization methods is becoming an increasingly well-accepted technique due to their success in dealing with numerous numerical pathologies that arise in a variety of applications in computational mechanics. In this paper, a multi-scale finite element method technique to deal with pressure stabilization of incompressibility and nearly incompressibility problems in nonlinear solid mechanics, using low order finite elements, is presented. An Orthogonal Sub-Grid Scales (OSGS) method for both incompressible elasticity and J2- plasticity at finite deformations is proposed. Standard mixed finite element formulations, particularly those using low order interpolations, perform poorly or totally fail to perform for nearly incompressibility or incompressibility problems, producing results throughly polluted by spurious oscillations of the pressure. The goal here is to avoid this undesirable effect while retaining the use of low order elements. To achieve this goal we consistently derive, within the framework of the OSGS method, a modified variational mixed formulation of the original problem with enhanced stability properties. An assessment of the behavior of the formulation is presented. Results are compared with standard Galerkin and Q1P0 mixed large strain formulations.


Purpose: To determine the predictive value of the angiogenic serum factors angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) for the prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma. Patients and Methods: Angiogenin, VEGF, bFGF, and IL-8 were measured in sera of 125 melanoma patients with different stages of disease and with or without current therapy including interferon alfa and different cytostatics in comparison with 30 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum levels of angiogenin, VEGF, bFGF, and IL-8 were significantly increased in melanoma patients compared with healthy controls. Elevated serum concentrations of VEGF, bFGF, and IL-8 were associated with advanced disease stages and tumor burden. Cytostatic therapy of patients was accompanied by increased serum levels of angiogenin, bFGF, and IL-8. As shown by univariate analysis, elevated serum levels of VEGF (P 5 .0001 and .0036), bFGF (P < .00005 and < .00005), and IL-8 (P < .00005 and < .00005) were strongly correlated with a poor overall and progression-free survival, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed stage of disease (P 5 .0238), tumor burden (P 5 .0347), VEGF (P 5 .0036), bFGF (P 5 .0252), and IL-8 (P 5 .0447) as independent predictive factors of overall survival. Tumor burden (P 5 .0081), VEGF (P 5 .0245), and IL-8 (P 5 .0089) were found as independent predictive factors of progression-free survival. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the angiogenic serum factors VEGF, bFGF, and IL-8 are useful predictive markers for overall and progression-free survival in melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 19:577-583. © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.


The present invention provides a communication encryption method applied to the authentication of a service terminal to a client, wherein the client is connected with the service terminal. The communication encryption method comprises the following steps that S1 the client sends the information of a communication interface needing to communicate to the service terminal; S2 the service terminal encrypts the received information of the communication interface by a preset method, and returns the encrypted information of the communication interface to the client; S3 the client is communicated with the service terminal via the encrypted information of the communication interface, and the service terminal receives the encrypted information of the communication interface during the communication and then transforms the encrypted information into the information of the communication interface according to an inverse method of the preset method. The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: the communication between the client and the service terminal is safe, the verification speed is faster, and the defect in the prior art that the identity of the client needs to be verified every time, so that the performance of a server declines, is overcome.


We are living in an era of very profound and fast changes, when the computer is a link between human expertise and the advanced world of mechanical and electronic technology. We are witnessing many changes which will transform our world during our lifetime in a dramatic way which cannot be compared to revolutions of the past. Previous revolutions of mankind have involved mainly changes in the distribution of power and property. The approaching technological revolution will affect us not only in this way; it will also affect the essence of our individual and social existence. It will have tremendous consequences for the way and the meaning of our life.


This paper reports the third of a series of grazing trials started in 1945 for the evaluation of the most important pasture crops found in the Island and of those introduced. As recommended by the Joint Pasture Research Committee (l) a duration for pasture experiments of 6 to 10 years is preferable, but we think that under our conditions, where we have some 365 grazing days annually, such a long time is not needed to get reliable results. The only large climatic variation in the Island is in rainfall. There is a 2or 3-month dry period during the year, especially in the southern part of the Island. The northern part of the Island has been fortunate in this respect for the past 3 years. The results of these grazing trials have been reported individually in order to have the information available to the farmers as soon as possible. After the end of the fourth trial, finished in 1950, all the data will be compiled in one final report.


Headline, grabbing accounting scandals such as the ones at WorldCom, Adelphia Communications, Global Crossing and, of course, Enron, cost investors hundreds of millions of dollars and thousands of employees their jobs. Corporate financial executives, internal auditors, audit committee members, external auditors--and all accounting professionals--need to be aware of the new corporate governance rules the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) has proposed to help the audit committees and external auditors of companies listed on the Big Board address the weaknesses that led to accounting and corporate reporting failures. As CPAs study and prepare to work with the proposed standards, which will provide better checks and balances for companies' financial reporting and audit oversight, they will have opportunities--as auditors in relationships with audit committees and as corporate governance advisers in both audit and nonaudit engagements--to help those companies evaluate their audit committee practices, effect improvements where necessary and promote policies to provide value for shareholders. And perhaps most important--because each member of an audit committee must be financially literate and at least one committee member must have accounting or related financial management expertise---CPAs can showcase their knowledge and skills, and contribute to an improved corporate culture, by agreeing to serve on these committees. RAISING THE BAR On August 1, 2002, the NYSE's board of directors approved amendments to its listing standards and filed the proposed rules with the SEC on August 16; a public comment period must elapse before the commission votes and gives its final approval. The proposed rules are aimed at restoring investor confidence by enhancing company accountability and strengthening corporate governance. A key provision in the NYSE amendments would make a company's audit committee responsible for oversight of external auditors and give it sole authority to approve all audit engagement fees and terms, as well as all significant nonaudit engagements for the outside auditors. (The text of the proposal is available at www.nyse.com/about/report.) The amendments, which also include requirements for public companies and their directors that go beyond those aimed at audit committees, would appear in the NYSE manual for listed companies under "Corporate Governance Standards" (as new section 303A). In the meantime the Nasdaq filed rules similar to those of the NYSE-and also awaits SEC approval. (For information on related regulations from Congress and the SEC, see "Regulations Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act," JofA, Oct.02, page 33.) The proposed standards would affect all companies whose stocks trade on the NYSE and also business organizations in noncorporate forms, such as limited partnerships, business trusts and REITs (real estate investment trusts), subject to the exchange's jurisdiction. Existing audit committee requirements would apply during the transition to the new rules. The proposed rules broaden the audit committee's authority with respect to the integrity of a company's financial statements and the independence of outside auditors--even though the audit committee does not certify the financial statements or guarantee the external auditor's report. Two significant requirements in the proposed NYSE listing standards address the independence of corporate boards of directors, from whose ranks the audit committees are drawn, and fee payment to audit committee members. * A redefinition of the "independence" requirement. The board of a listed company would be required to have a majority of independent directors, but all the members of the board's audit committee would have to be independent. (The audit committee would continue to have a minimum of three members.) The exchange tightened its definition of independent director: For an individual to qualify as independent, a company's board of directors must affirmatively determine he or she has no material relationship with the listed company either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company. …


Objective To evaluate the effect of health education in rural residents of Xindu district,Chengdu.Methods Questionnaire was adopted to survey 800 residents in Xindu district.Results After 7-year health education.The awareness rate raised from 44.9%in 2005 to 64.2%in 2013(χ~2=75.1,P0.01)and the formation rate of health behavior raised from 46.2% to 60.8%accordingly(χ~2=126.3,P0.01).Conclusion The effect of health education is significant in Xindu district.


Brake drum (1) for land vehicles having a friction surface (2) having a core (3) made of a cast iron material, which is provided at least on the friction surface with the metallic injection-molded coating (4) or explosion coating, characterized in that in the transition area between the core (3) and the injection-molded coating (4) are mutually adapted interlocking contours such as grooves (6) and / or a nub structure.


The paper presents some results of the EU project KLIMATe, funded by the EIT Climate. KLIMATe explores the market potential for implementing a Mobility as a Service (MaaS) travel-assistance application in the metropolitan area of Madrid (Spain). This tool would allow travellers to obtain personalised multimodal recommendations on-demand for cleaner urban mobility choices. Thus, it would facilitate the transition towards more liveable, zero-carbon and resilient cities. We performed an extensive online survey of transportation choices in Madrid. The questionnaire was focused on four aspects: (i) socio-demographic characteristics, (ii) personal traits, (iii) personal attitudes and (iv) travel habits. Our findings provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the users' willingness to adopt travel-planning applications, allowing to identify potential elements to be considered for the successful implementation of these technologies.


Here we present results from laboratory experiments using Pseudo-nitzschia spp. isolated from Monterey Bay, California grown under constant temperature and irradiance. We demonstrate substantial clonal variability and variable toxicity depending on harvest time and nutrients. We also show that Si limitation can directly affect photosynthetic performance and looks functionally like iron and nitrogen limitation as assessed by variable fluorescence (decreasing variable fluorescence with increasing stress). This response negatively correlates with domoic acid accumulation in batch and chemostat experiments. Introduction. There have been at least two recent occurrences (1998 and 2000) of toxigenic strains of Psuedonitzschia spp. in Monterey Bay, California (Scholin et al., 2000). Studies conducted on these bloom events have shown evidence of trophic transfer of the phycotoxin domoic acid (DA) to marine seabirds and mammals (Gulland et al., 1999; Scholin et al., 2000. Despite the frequent occurrence of blooms and the large number of studies (both field and laboratory), there is still no conclusive link to a specific "trigger" of toxin production. This may be in part because of the enormous variability in the ambient oceanographic conditions but also in the range of physiological responses evident from natural isolates of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Here we demonstrate that the natural range of responses to nutrient stressors and effects of culturing methodology may account for much of the observed variability in laboratory and field analyses. Methods and Materials. Data presented represent growth of Pseudonitzschia spp. in f/2 medium enriched with silicic acid (batch cultures), Si-limited medium (continuous cultures) and synthetic seawater medium (semicontinuous batch cultures). For batch culture experiments, seventeen toxigenic strains of Pseudonitzschia (P. multiseries and P. australis) isolated from Monterey Bay, CA in 2001/2002 were made available courtesy of M. Hughes (UCSC). Clones were grown in one liter of medium with f/2 enrichment, and were maintained under 12 h light (ca. 100 μmol photons m s) at 15 °C. Cultures were monitored daily for cell density using in-vivo chl a fluorescence. Successive transfers were made in exponential growth. For testing DA accumulation in two strains of Mu-411P, eight transfers in log phase were made, and at the final transfer half the cells were harvested for DA content. The remainder was kept in the same conditions for 48 hours. The experiment was then terminated, and DA content was measured on these cells in early stationary phase. Cell numbers were calculated from a regression of in-vivo chl a fluoresence measurements and cell counts conducted by microscopy. Chemostat runs were carried out using a uni-algal non-axenic strain of P. australis (Au-221A) and P. multiseries (Mu-6 and Mu-411P). 750 mL plexiglas water-jacketed cylindrical chemostat vessels were maintained under 24 h light (ca. 100 μmol photons m s) at 15 °C, and monitored daily for cell density using fluorescence and cell counts. Dilution rates were calculated by measuring the effluent volume collected from the vessels daily. The growth media consisted of 0.2 μm filtered seawater augmented with L1 nutrient additions or f/2 nutrient additions limited by silicic acid. The chemostats were run at variable dilution rates (ca. 20-80% of μmax). For analysis of harvest-date on toxin accumulation (Figure 1), one set of chemostats was harvested at 3 days steady-state (constant cell density), and the second 7 days later, using Mu-411P and Au-221A. Data in Figure 2 are for Mu-6 and Mu-411P; P. australis show similar trends (data not shown). Table 1. Growth parameters from isolates maintained under identical conditions. Isolate Clone ID Isolation Date Max Biomass (cells/mL) Mean growth rate (d-1) S.D. P. australis Au-211M Feb-02 15727 0.76 0.26 P. australis Au-211J Feb-02 16167 0.66 0.05 P. australis Au-211K Feb-02 16991 0.33 0.18 P. australis Au-211D Feb-02 15287 0.61 0.16 P. australis Au-211B Feb-02 18146 0.54 0.07 P. australis Au-211L Feb-02 17321 0.40 0.24 P. australis Au-1004V Oct-01 19630 0.60 0.18 P. australis Au-211A Feb-02 13198 0.26 0.25 P. australis Au-211C Feb-02 17101 0.47 0.10 P. australis Au-1004W Oct-01 17266 0.58 0.14 P. australis Au-1004A Oct-01 17156 0.40 0.25 P. australis Au-1004F Oct-01 18036 0.46 0.16 P multiseries Mu-411A Apr-01 27436 0.60 0.23 P multiseries Mu-411I Apr-01 25567 0.35 0.13 P multiseries Mu-411O Apr-01 20949 0.48 0.03 P multiseries Mu-411P Apr-01 21994 0.59 0.12 P multiseries Mu-420B Apr-01 26776 0.48 0.24 Figure 1. Biochemical composition of chemostats (Mu-411P; solid; Au-221A, striped) harvested early (3 days; solid) and late (10 days; striped) during steadystate. A: DA per cell. B: C:N composition. C: Si:N composition. For chemostat/batch experiment presented in Figure 3, replicate semi-continuous cultures of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries (Mu411P) were maintained in exponential growth phase over a 29 day period in Guillard's f/2 enrichment medium with 50 uM silicic acid (same as for the chemostats), but with no nutrient limitation (growth was controlled by washout). After reaching steady state, an aliquot was harvested for DA, variable fluorescence, and other parameters (below), and the pumps were shut off, allowing the cultures to enter batch (Si-limited) conditions. A subset of the sample was harvested daily for variable fluorescence, DA, and cell density. Cell numbers were determined using optical density (800 nm) with a subset of cell counts to validate the optical density measurements. Successive additions (4, 8, and 10 days from entering batch mode) of silicic acid (days 4 and 8) or f/2 trace-metal stock (day 10) were added to assess nutrient stress. Samples collected for most experiments also include pigments, macronutrients, biogenic silica, and particulate CHN. Because of detection issues, dissolved DA was not available for every sample. When measured, dissolved concentrations were typically less than 1% of the total DA in chemostats; in batch cultures, dissolved DA was typically less than 10% of the total, but was more variable. For this contribution, particulate DA values are reported. Particulate DA concentrations were determined using the FMOC-HPLC method described by Pocklington et al. (1990). Variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) may be considered an indicator of cell health, or impairment of the photosystem II system, and is a direct estimate of photosynthetic competency (Schreiber, 1986; Kolber et al., 1998). Estimates of variable fluorescence were conducted using a Walz PAM 101/102/103 instrument, and validated with DCMU-excitation fluorescence. Samples were dark-adapted >30 min. at 15°C for Fo estimates (Schreiber, 1986; Lippemeier et al., 1998). Results and Discussion. Clonal Variability: In this study, 17 clonal isolates from Monterey Bay were maintained under identical growth conditions. There is a high degree of variability in growth of different clones of Pseudo-nitzschia, isolated from the same location on the same day, and reared under identical temperature and irradiance (Table 1). Mean growth rates were similar for P. multiseries and P. australis (Table 1), although P. australis maximal cell densities were typically lower. Domoic acid accumulation: Cellular DA content in semi-continuous cultures of P. multiseries after eight consecutive transfers show that Si-limitation can trigger up to a 30-fold increase in particulate DA concentrations from late exponential to early stationary phase (0.1-0.3 pg cell vs. 2.5-3.2 pg-cell). Strain and species variability is also pronounced, with typical early stationary particulate DA values ranging from < 0.1 to > 15 pg-cell for isolates grown under the same conditions. To determine whether the observed increase in DA content per cell in the semicontinuous batch transfers was a function of growth rate or acclimation, we conducted a series of chemostat experiments at low (0.2 d) and high (0.51 d) growth rates. By harvesting "early" (3 days in steady-state) vs. "late" (10 days), particulate DA again changed as a function of growth rate, with up to a 3-fold decrease in toxin accumulation (Figure 1). The chemostats exhibited essentially constant cell density, pigment per cell (not shown), and elemental composition (Figure 1). The dramatic changes in DA suggest that physiological adaptation (i.e. toxin production) takes much longer to stabilize than commonly used estimators of steady-state, such as density and biochemical composition (Figure 1). Variable Fluorescence: Si-limited and N-limited chemostats (P. multiseries clone Mu-6) were maintained under a range of nutrient-limited growth conditions (Figure 2). Variable fluorescence was measured after harvesting, again using the criteria of 3 days with cell densities within one standard deviation, and showed a good relationship (negative correlation) for both growth rate and toxin accumulation under both N and Si limitation. Although Nlimited cultures were ca. 1000x lower in DA accumulation, the general pattern (increasing accumulation with decreasing growth rates) was similar to Si-limitation. These results suggest that variable fluorescence could be a useful indicator for toxin accumulation. It also strongly suggests that Si-limitation of diatoms impacts photosynthetic performance, possibly due to regulatory feedback mechanisms (e.g. Lippemeier et al., 1998) or through inhibition of a carbon-concentrating mechanism (e.g. Milligan and Morel, 2002). 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -10.00 -8.00 -6.00 -4.00 -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00


Bakka (Norway), discusses, and contextualises, the banning of round dances by one of Norway's largest youth movements for about forty years from 1917. He shows how the three popular movements that built assembly houses had conflicting attitudes towards social dancing, and dealt with it in different ways. The Liberal Youth Movement, which imposed the ban, gave a variety of reasons, first among them being that it destroyed interest in popular enlightenment, which was the main aim of the movement. The movement also did not consider round dances to be folk dances, and therefore held them to be of less national and educational value. However, only the lay Christians strongly rejected round dances as having a sinful and morally corrupting effect.


The invention discloses a technique for cultivating high grade chickens, which comprises charging health modifier into the conventional fodder, wherein the modifier is prepared from more than ten kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs having the functions of nourishing spleen and kidney, strengthening liver and stomach, nourishing vital spirits and blood.


Image Fusion is an enhancement technique, which aims to combine the images acquired by different sensors and generate informative images in order to make the subsequent processing easier or to help make decisions. The image fusion mission is done by the image fusion algorithm which is based on Pulse Coupled Neural Network and Discrete Cosine Transform. After the image fusion, information loss appears in part of fusion results, so some positions become empty. To solve this problem, this paper designs a compensation framework for image fusion. This framework aims to obtain better subjective effects and objective indicators. By comparing with the image information compensation methods of different parameters and different frames, the image after the image information compensation of the pulse coupled neural network has got a good visual effect, and the index is relatively excellent.


We carried out a numerical and experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer at the ignition condition of a liquid high-energy material by a typical immersed source with a limited energy capacity, being a small, intensely heated metallic particle. The numerical research is made on the basis of a model taking into account a group of interrelated physicochemical processes (thermal conductivity, diffusion, convection, mixing, and radiative heat transfer) with phase transitions (evaporation of the liquid and crystallization of the particle's material). We established such terminal conditions for the immersion energy source that prevent inflammation of the high-energy material.


This paper examines specific cultivation, preservation and storage techniques for some selected staple crops in the food farming community of Ayirebi, near Akyem Oda, in southeastern Ghana. The traditional subsistence methods of Ayirebi farming households are well adapted to the social and geographical environments of the region. The long‐term future of developing African communities may well lie in building up thriving rural communities producing the food needed by the wider population. However, before this can be achieved, the particular food cultivation strategies of local communities need to be understood. Micro level studies such as this one will provide specific data vital to formulating and implementing a general agenda for national agricultural and economic development.


: Technology has always played a significant role in transform - ing the advertising industry. It has been rapidly escalating from Radio &Television to the Internet &Digital channels. The term Metaverse has been speedily taking over the internet world. We may have seen it before in Science Fiction movies like The Matrix, but now Metaverse is more than fiction. The term is a blend of two words, meta &verse. Meta meaning beyond, while verse refers to the universe. It is an immersive, digital environment inhabited by avatars representing actual people. It embraces several 3D worlds, where digital versions of people can interact. whereas Advertising industry has constantly met the world where technology has taken its eyes and ears. This paper follows the descriptive approach to explain the concept of Metaverse, explore its key characteristics, capabilities aiming to find how will it impact the advertising in - dustry. Finding that Metaverse is the next level of the Internet we know today, it is a new innovative twist in the advertising industry that will redefine the concept of advertising and re-shape Its for - mats paving the way to bring unique opportunities and challenges in the advertising industry once it is affect. It moves beyond traditional creating brand experiences, more engaging, appealing and less invasive than what we experience with digital advertising today.


This paper presented an effective preconditioning technique for iteratively solving FE-BI equation. In this method, the first order Robin-type TC is used to connect the interfaces of FEM and BI regions and the second order TC is used to joint the interfaces in interior FEM regions. The method not only provides a robust and effective preconditioner but also gives a novel way to establish and deal with eletromagnetic models.


Lead and chromium removal from water solutions using the basic oxygen furnace slag was investigated. Calcium, iron, and silica were the main components of the slag. The samples were characterized by means of the thermal, surface, and mineralogical analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The experiments were performed at the ambient temperature. Chromium adsorption proceeded according to the Langmuir isotherm and lead adsorption proceeded according to the Freundlich isotherm. The sorption capacity over 150 mg/g was reached for chromium and the value was higher than 250 mg/g for lead. Kinetic data were analysed using the pseudo-first, pseudo-second and intra-particle diffusion models. Adsorption data of chromium were correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and lead sorption was very quick and the models could not be applied.


Here is how to cite sources using MLA 8 [eighth edition, 2016]. Here is how to get help with MLA citations


This paper will look at the industrial uses for oxygen. It will categorize oxygen using processes into: 1) the purpose of oxygen in the process and 2) the effect oxygen enrichment has on the overall process. The paper will also look at four methods of producing oxygen: cryogenics, pressure swing absorption, membrane filter technology and electrolysis. It will compare each against one another in categories such as first time costs, running costs, percent oxygen enrichment attainable, and by-product capability. Furthermore, the paper will then select the appropriate process for each industry discussed. This paper is intended to address the above issues in such a way that a facility manager would be able to make an educated decision on whether or not to consider creating/using oxygen enhanced air in his/her process as well as which technology would be best suited for his/her process.


With offshore oil development's trend to ever deeper water, deep-sea pipelines construction has become very important to ocean engineering. Submarine pipelines underwater connection is an important part of deep-sea pipelines laying, pipelines need to be aligned before connection, reaction force tool(RFT) is one of tools used to align pipelines. According to pipelines alignment operation process, a design scheme of RFT used in deep water is given, its principle is clarified, cylinder parameters of clamping mechanism as its key part are determined and finite element analysis is carried on probe hole as one of main force parts, which conform design scheme's rationality. At the same time, research of under water buoyancy about RFT is carried which provides theoretical basis for the research of RFT experimental prototype.


Generalized Burgers equation-based predictions of noise propagation are compared with measurements from a static, horizontally-fired solid rocket motor over a range of 76-1220 m during an 80 s burn time. The modeling suggests the nature of the geometric spreading between 76 and 305 m varies from cylindrical at low-frequencies to spherical at high frequencies. The predicted waveforms and high-frequency spectral slopes associated with significant shock content are in agreement with properties of the measured noise. At 1220 m, the relatively simple nonlinear model again approximates the measured spectrum despite the complexities of the measurement environment and atmospheric propagation.


Transparent glasses based on a stoichiometric boron-containing sodium fluorphlogopite composition, NaMg 2.5 (B,Si) 4 O 10 F 2 , were prepared. Additions of boron in glasses lower the melting temperature and strongly affect the nucleation and crystallization temperatures. The crystallization process was studied by means of DTA, XRD, and SEM. Thermal treatment of glasses at 800°C for 5 or 20 h did not show any crystallization of sodium fluorphlogopite, whereas at 500°C/2 h and 750°C/2 h crystallization of sodium fluorphlogopite took place. However, magnesium fluorrichterite, fluoborite, suanite and small amounts of enstatite were detected in the crystallized glasses. Increase of crystal growth rate was observed in the microstructure with the increase of boron oxide in the glass-ceramic samples. The incorporation of boron oxide changed the infrared spectra of the parent glasses and the corresponding glass-ceramics and bands referred to triangular (BO 3 ) and tetrahedral (BO 4 ) groups were observed. However, crystallization of the sodium fluorphlogopite led to intensification of the bands related to BO 4 , which means that boron was substituted for silicon in the sodium fluorphlogopite structure. In the case of the samples with the highest boron oxide content or borate-rich phases, i.e. suanite and fluoborite phases, the BO 3 group was the dominant one.


Libraries are being revolutionized by technological advancements which open up avenues to embed innovative library services. It is imperative for librarians to be in par with new technologies such as social network sites, to prove their worth in this competitive digital world. This study aims to explore factors affecting the acceptance of social network sites by university librarians by applying the technology acceptance model. The findings revealed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were significant predictors of acceptance of social network sites. Trust was found to exert a significant indirect effect on the librarians' intention to use social network sites. This study contributes to the theoretical novelty of the intersecting field of library science, social network sites and the technology acceptance model, which has received less attention in the literature. Also, this study attempts to fill the gap in the adoption literature, where librarians are rarely acknowledged as users, while supporting the validation of the technology acceptance model in a developing-country context. Overall, the proposed research model explained 58.4% (R 2 = 0.584) of variance in the dependent variable of behavioural intention.


A post-Ugi late-transition-metal-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation approach opens a new gateway for the synthesis of diversely substituted pyrrolopyridinones, pyrroloazepinones thiophenoazepinones, azepinoindoles, and azepinobenzothiophenes applying mild reaction conditions. A detailed investigation of the scope of this strategy is discussed.


The object of the present paper is to study quasi-conformally flat generalized Sasakian-space-forms. Also we study quasi-conformally semisymmetric generalized Sasakian-space-forms. As a consequence of the results, we obtain some important corollaries.


Obesity affects at least 1 in 6 children and adolescents in this country and should be considered the most common chronic disease in childhood. The complications of obesity also represent a group of chronic conditions that pediatricians must face and should be identified by their persistence over time and not at a single visit. Guidelines for hypertension, another complication of obesity, recommend that a diagnosis should be made after multiple elevated measurements taken over at least 3 visits.1 Diabetes mellitus guidelines also recommend repeat testing for confirmation of elevated fasting blood glucose in asymptomatic patients.

Article p 2316

Expert recommendations for identification and management of childhood obesity endorse regular tracking of body mass index (BMI) and medical assessment for complications of obesity.2 They recommend the collection of information on history, symptoms, and physical findings, as well as a screening for abnormalities in lipids, glucose, insulin, and liver enzymes. The ubiquitous nature of childhood obesity (17%) contrasts with the rarity of severe complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (<0.5%), which suggests that a group of obese youth exists with additional abnormalities that elevate their risk for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obese youth who persistently have multiple, moderately abnormal cardiovascular risk factors should be identified for aggressive lifestyle counseling as an essential part of primordial prevention.3

Pediatric studies have modeled the adult metabolic syndrome (MetS) definition to describe the epidemiology and generate hypotheses for obese children, and the studies have found associations with other adult CVD risk factors such as C-reactive protein and smoking.4–6 A recent article by Jolliffe et al used a statistical technique on a national database of adolescents to develop a growth curve approach for MetS.7 This definition has an advantage over previous definitions because it translates abnormal …


favourite with the police (or the author), Herchmer was badly needed at a time when the force was obviously in serious decline. Herchmer's removal in •9oo was both shabby and necessary. Macleod does not explain that it was made easier because he had also been removed from his command in South Africa on the orders of General Hutton, apparently because he had suffered a nervous breakdown. One of the pleasures of Macleod's book is a series of essays on topics as varied as crime and criminals in the North-West Territories or the relations of the police with minorities. It is obvious that most policemen had a healthy Victorian dose of what is now properly considered a social disease racism. One symptom was a prejudice against Americans; more disturbing was a gradual absorption of the white settler contempt for Indians and half-breeds. Although one must have lingering doubts about that incorrigible bigot, Sam Steele, Macleod argues persuasively that the still treated minorities 'without fear, favour or affection.' Certainly they enjoyed better justice and protection than they would have received from the unfettered democratic will of a white majority. It is precisely that contrast between freedom and authority which has made the Mounted Police such a significant and yet controversial national symbol. It is a symbol most offensive to those Canadian nationalists who wish to remake us in an American


Digital literacies are gaining popularity in teacher education over the past decade, but little research has been conducted on the developmental trajectories of pre-service teachers' digital literacies. Adopting a case study, four L2 Chinese pre-service teachers were examined during the spring semester of 2016 when they assisted teaching in a wiki writing classroom. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and observation diaries. Drawing upon the framework of digital literacies, this chapter identifies the core components of digital literacies in a wiki-based collaborative writing context: attitudes towards technology and application (Thinking), task organization and feedback provision (Doing), modes and genres (Meaning), teacher-student relations (Relating), and roles and responsibilities (Being), and further explores pre-service teachers' developmental trajectories of digital literacies before concluding with a discussion of implications for instruction and teacher education.


As the community economy fast development, cement-based materials are applied to all of the engineering construction with the more and more quantity and high and high quality, but the hydration contraction is a kind of actual problem which has been beseting for a long time. The four kinds of contractions were concluded and the harmfulness brought by contractions was pointed out. Some preventive measures were also summarized. The studied problems and orientation of cement-based materials were suggested by myself.


The important requirement in data grid environment is replicas utilization. In general replicas are used as proac- tive (i.e. failure considered before scheduling of a job) and post active handles the job failure after it has occurred. We used centralized and local replicas within agents. In this paper, we address the probabilistic models of Fault tolerance, communication, ef- ficiency and reliability of simple job submission. We have shown an autonomous, self adaptive agents model to model replicas in distributed environment for long execution of jobs. The applicability of the proposed agent's architecture in data grid is able to setup some parameters of replicas such as centralized and local replicas search rate with mean time failure and number of objects used in it. The search values of centralized and local replicas are measured when computing happens. The Metrics used for search value are number of replicas, replication objects with different states and processing capability. The metrics we considered are to reduce complexity in search rate of replicas due to their huge computing and storage capabilities. On the basis of centralized and local replicas search value we predict the unreliable agents computing model as result of that we can increase computing reliability or we can avoid unreliable model into computing. Hence we showed an autonomous, self adaptive agent model in order to reduce service failures of replicas in large scale distributed environment. I. INTRODUCTION In general grid systems are important alternatives to provide decentralized access rate of data. Grid (2) is a basic infrastruc- ture of national high performance computing and Information services, the grid achieves the integration and interconnection of many types of the high performance Computers, Data serv- ers, large-scale storage systems which are Distributed and het- erogeneous in nature. However, the vast complexity of these systems limits the efficiency of the availability, reliability focused on nodes. Aggregating the usage of resources between clus- ters nodes are important issues. In The encoding schemes each group has an encoding node to tolerate single failure per entire group. Some of the behavioural activities of such existing storage and computing node are discussed with efficiency. However, if there is more than one failure the encoding schemes not enough to handle and restart its execution (1,3).In scalable distributed replicas location method home node maintains all replicas and


In Zhoushan transmission project, 500kV XLPE submarine cable lines are used for the first time in the world. In order to strictly assess the quality of cable laying and attachment installation of 500kV XLPE submarine cable lines, a large capacity series resonance system with high quality factor which is suitable for AC withstand voltage test is developed. In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of AC withstand voltage test system, based on the physical significance of quality factor, combined with practical application scene, the main factors affecting the quality factor of large-capacity series resonance system are analyzed. The optimization method of quality factor of large capacity series resonance system is proposed qualitatively from two aspects of reducing reactor loss and external loss. The test results show that the quality factor of large capacity series resonance voltage test is up to 169.2, fully meet the 17km submarine cable line ac withstand voltage test requirements.


In the TL431 circuit with bipolar technology,in order to improve the stability and accuracy of the output reference voltage of the TL431 circuit,the temperature compensation and accuracy compensation of the bandgap reference source are carried out with the exponential curvature and secondary-order nonlinear compensation obtained by adjusting the resistance,and accuracy compensation by weighted resistance correction network based on traditional bandgap reference circuit. The adjusted temperature coefficient of 24.77ppm/℃ was obtained by circuit simulation. The paramter test of the chip whose accuracy reference circuit was adjusted was executed. The analysis indicates that the yield exceeds 96% in the accuracy range of ±0.5%. This compensating bandgap reference circuit in TL431 can get the design index of low temperature coefficient and high accuracy.


The successful verification of a user or entity wishing to use a computer based information system, lies at the core of the security of these systems. Although a vast number of different verification techniques have been proposed, password based methods remain the predominant method of choice. For this reason, if is essential that these methods be as effective as possible. The extensive ongoing research on more sophisticated methods are a clear indication that password techniques are not fully coping with the demands set by computer security authorities. This paper explores the use of expert system technology in the improvement of password mechanisms. It is proposed as a means of breaking through the "simultaneous-memorable-and-difficult-to-guess-barrier", which is the single most important factor hampering the coming of age of password systems.<<ETX>>


This appendix summarises the progress of employing the Breathe London monitoring data together with regulated reference measurements to investigate the application of machine learning tools to extract information with a view to quantifying measurement uncertainty. The Breathe London project generates substantial data from the instrumentation deployed, and the analysis requires a comparison against the established reference methods. The first task was to develop programs to extract the various datasets being employed from different providers and to store them in a standardised format for further processing. This data curation allowed us to audit the data, establishing errors in the AQMesh data and the AirView cars as well as monitor any variances in the data sets caused by conditions such as fog/extreme temperatures. This includes writing a program to parse the raw AirView data files from the high quality reference grade instruments installed in the mobile platforms (Google AirView cars), programs to communicate with and download data from the Applications Program Interfaces (APIs) provided by both Air Monitors (AQMesh sensor systems) and Imperial College London (formerly King's College London) (London Air Quality Network), and a program that automatically downloads CSV files from the DEFRA website, which contains the air quality data from the Automatic Urban Rural Network (AURN). This part of the development has had to overcome significant challenges including the accommodation of different pollutant concentration units from the different database sources, different file formats, and the incorporation of data flags to describe the data ratification status. The successful completion of this task now means that data processing and downloading of pollutant measurements from various sources can now be performed with improvements in speed that are orders of magnitude faster than would have been possible using the raw data files. It also allows anyone with an NPL network connection to access them using a standard networked laptop computer, allowing several people to easily access a standardised dataset. The data is stored in an INFLUX database, which allows for a range of simple analytical functions to be applied that, when queried, can return averages, standard deviations, percentiles across time ranges (seconds to days) and across different measurement sites in the Breathe London Network (fixed and mobile) and the reference networks. This database can also be set to only return categories of measurement data associated with a certain type of flag (for example, the Valid flag that the algorithm from Air Monitors has determined to be reliable data). Utilising this tool means that the data used across different analyses is in a standard format, ensuring reliability across the suite of analysis software and other programs developed in house. This work was necessary not only to be able to quickly access the Breathe London data in a standardised way, but also the LAQN data it is being compared to. In order to have any confidence in the measurements made by a sensor, we need to know the uncertainty on what they report. Traditional reference instruments require certification, stating their uncertainties. However, low-cost sensor systems are currently not beholden to any kind of regulation, meaning it can be difficult to ascertain the data quality of these instruments in a real


With this paper, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of randomized search heuristics by investigating their behavior on random 3-SAT instances. We improve the results for the (1+1) EA obtained by Sutton and Neumann [PPSN 2014, 942--951] in three ways. First, we reduce the upper bound by a linear factor and prove that the (1+1) EA obtains optimal solutions in time $O(n \log n)$ with high probability on asymptotically almost all high-density satisfiable 3-CNF formulas. Second, we extend the range of densities for which this bound holds to satisfiable formulas of at least logarithmic density. Finally, we complement these mathematical results with numerical experiments that summarize the behavior of the (1+1) EA on formulas along the density spectrum, and suggest that the implicit constants hidden in our bounds are low. Our proofs are based on analyzing the run of the algorithm by establishing a fitness-distance correlation. This approach might be of independent interest and we are optimistic that it is useful for the analysis of randomized search heuristics in various other settings. To our knowledge, this is the first time that fitness-distance correlation is explicitly used to rigorously prove a performance statement for an evolutionary algorithm.


Aiming at the problem of multi-sensor data fusion, a method of multi-sensor data fusion based on set pair analysis (SPA) is present in this paper. On the basis of set pair closeness degree, the concept of SPA closeness degree matrix is put forward. Based on the principle of information sharing and merging, The proportion of data provided by every sensor is solved in the process of data fusion. The example in this paper show that this method can solve the question of multi-sensor data fusion preferably.


Resistance to antimicrobial agents due to misuse or overuse of these agents is a complex global issue. In this study the aim is to identify the Klebsiella spp.-as nosocomial highly resistant organism -according to biotyping, serotyping, its sensitivity an


This study is based on oral health knowledge and oral health belief, oral health behaviors are processed of Chinese Students' Studying in Korea. This research was based on self questionnaire survey which 217 Chinese students Studying in Korea. As to oral health belief according to general characteristics, benefit was 2.77 points (p=0.014) in male students. Oral health beliefs and health of the sensitivity of the seriousness and barrier increasing the motivation to increase susceptibility showed a positive correlation.


79 When I first began to study the Three Gorges Dam in the late 1980s to write my master's thesis, I did not realize that the dam would dominate my life for the next decade—both for master and doctorate degrees. Apart from an interval of three years working for the UN in Beijing and taking maternity leave, I devoted years of research examining various political and social aspects of this controversial dam project. Not surprisingly, I was exposed to the complexity of the political debates surrounding the project early in the research process, as one of my first encounters with people involved in the discussion about the dam was Dai Qing. She presented me with her book Changjiang Changjiang (Yangtze Yangtze), which was published in 1989 as an attempt to lobby against the dam. While the Chinese news media and official discussion in China were rather onesided and biased, this book was intriguing, as it shed light on a lively debate among Chinese bureaucrats and academics, a debate nearly unknown to the outside world. In her book Dai Qing harshly criticized the closed decision-making surrounding the dam, a topic I would go on to explore as I pursued in my Ph.D. thesis. I wanted to take a closer look at how decisions were made for this dam, for the political landscape in China had changed greatly since Mao's era, when ideology was often the basis for decisions. Decision-making in China today is influenced by many more factors, not only diverse information and pressure from different political and academic actors, but also (albeit to a limited degree) pressure from society and the international community for greater transparency. The highly politicized nature of the Three Gorges Dam and the harsh international criticism of the project meant researching the decision-making behind the dam was a challenging and time-consuming endeavor. However, despite the numerous hurdles over three years of research between 1999 and 2002, I did gain intriguing insights into the Three Gorges project decision-making process for resettlement and the environment, as well as the long sought-after degree. The Three Gorges project (sanxia gongcheng) on the Yangtze River is unique both in China and the world due to its great size, the number of people to be resettled, and potential environmental impacts. The long project history and the large number of disputing interest groups have made it one of the most controversial construction projects to date in China. While it will play a crucial role in flood control and energy generation, it is ultimately a political project with much government prestige at stake. The Three Gorges project easily draws criticism, as it has great implications for both people and the environment in the Three Gorges area. Nevertheless, passing judgment on whether or not the dam should have been constructed was not the objective of my thesis. My aspiration was to provide information that highlights the developments in the resettlement process for this project, as well as relating them to general political and social trends in China. One of the main advantages of doing research on an intriguing project such as the Three Gorges is the potential for increased comprehension of the Chinese society at large, as the project touches upon a number of political, environmental, legal, economic, human right, and research issues. It merits mention that some of the trends I discovered on growing involvement of diverse interests in the Three Gorges resettlement issue, have continued in the dam debates in China—as illustrated by the broad nongovernmental organization (NGO), news media, and think tank involvement in critiquing some dams being built without proper environmental impact assessments in southwest China.


The paper begins with an historical overview of automated guidance systems in general, then early aerospace systems, finally wrapping up the introduction with a summary of several adaptive bullet and cannon shell programs. This paper describes a novel type of piezoelectrically driven flight control actuators for use in guided bullets and cannon shells. US Pat. 7,898,153 was issued in March 2011. This patent describes the overall layout of the actuators, how they are mounted, laminated, energized and used to control the flight of several different families of devices; accordingly, this part of the paper is a "lay-technologist" companion to the Patent. One of the key features of this class of actuator is the use of a Low Net Passive Stiffness (LNPS) actuator configuration. A subset of LNPS actuators use axial forces applied to the ends of an actively bending beam to reduce the passive stiffness of the element. As the passive stiffness approaches the null point, deflections increase to the point that they become so large that the actuator can tear itself apart. The other key component of the patent is a novel mechanism to allow actuators of this class to maintain structural integrity at these high deflection levels. Experimental data on this class of actuator shows deflection magnification levels in excess of 300% with no degradation in blocked moments. The paper concludes with short summary of progress to date and implications for future hard-launch munition designs.


Adhesive metal film formation on Si is important for obtaining infallible electric contacts in various devices. Autocatalytic electroless deposition, which is a conventional method to metalize nonmetallic substrates, requires surface activation (catalyzation pretreatment) of substrates. For Si substrates, obtaining adhesive metal films with conventional surface activation process, such as two-step method consisting of sensitization and activation, is difficult. The new surface-activationprocess for producing adhesive films, which we recently reported for electroless Ni and Co deposition, electrolessly forms metal nanorods in Si (1, 2). These nanorods work as catalytic nanoanchors for electrolessly depositing adhesive metal films on Si. The process consists of the three electroless steps shown in Fig. 1: Step 1) displacement deposition of metal nanoparticles (3); Step 2) metal-particle-assisted HF etching for catalytic nanopore formation; and Step 3) autocatalytic electroless deposition for metal filling in Si nanopores and metal-film formation on the whole Si surface. In this study, this new surface-activation-process is applied not only to Ni but also to Cu deposition on Si substrates.


Background. The development of new bifunctional chelating agents for the labeling of monoclonal antibodies with radiometals is a desirable goal in the area of radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy of cancer. The authors have developed a new N3S‐ligand, N‐(S‐acetylmercaptoacetyl) (p‐NCS)phenylalanylglycylglycine ethyl ester (MAIPGG) for technetium‐99m (99mTc) or rhenium‐186 (186Re) labeling of monoclonal antibody D612 reactive with human colon cancer. The biodistribution of 99mTc/186Re‐MAIPGG‐D612 conjugates was studied in nude mice bearing human colon cancer xenografts.


The research was triggered by several problems. First, Some sources book are not presenting HOTS model in several part of the book. Second, students have difficulty understanding questions in textbook. Third, The teacher does not provide teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) while teaching process in order to maximize students higher order thinking skills. This research used quantitative research method. The subject was the questions in the textbook Bahasa Inggris X grade curriculum 2013 revisi 2017 written by Utami Widiati, Zuliati Rahmah, and Furaidah, which published Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemendikbud. The researcher used items questions as the observation sheet of document for collecting and analyzing the data to find out the result of the research. This research found that the questions in the textbook did not include create of the cognitive process, based on bloom taxonomy revision. After doing analysis of the data, the researcher finds that the higher order thinking level only obtains 15 out of 74 items questions (20,25%). while the lower order thinking level 60 out of 74 items questions (79,20%). Results from this study show that the percentage of questions for each cognitive level is analyzing C4 (9,45%), evaluating C5 (6,75%), and creating C6(4,05%). This proportion does not meet the ideal proportion that supports the achievement of Basic Analysis Competence, the proportion questions that support are 30% for levels C1 and C2, 40% for levels C3 and C4, and 30% for levels C5 and C6.


The main function of a missile seeker subsystem also known as homing eye is to provide target measurements such as line of sight (LOS) rate and closing velocity that are required to mechanize the guidance law. This geometric LOS is prone to be corrupted by noise and the acceleration of the interceptor cannot be relaxed in stressing engagement situations as these acceleration commands of the interceptor are issued perpendicularly to the instantaneous missile target LOS that are proportional to LOS rate and closing velocity. With these thoughts, this paper is concerned with the extraction of LOS rate from its raw form using an optimal Kalman filter. Therefore, in this context LOS rate reconstruction process in a missile homing loop has been treated extensivelyin this paper. The key challenges associated with the effective design of homing guidance system are also discussed in this paper. The performance evaluation of the fixed gain filter and Kalman filter for estimation of LOS rate and target maneuver has been given more emphasis in this paper. Finally, the implications in evaluating the filter performance shows that the Kalman filter can give substantial improvement and provide the best optimal solution for state estimation in a missile homing loop.


The fourth and final 150 MW turbine was commissioned at the Dongjiezi hydropower plant at the end of last year, marking the completion of the 600 MW project on the Minjiang river in Schuan Province, Southwest China. The first unit was commissioned in October 1992


In this essay I examine critically the transformation that has occurred in the accounts or models of the nature of introspection in psychology and philosophy from the heyday of introspectionism 100 years ago, via behaviourism to contemporary reductive or eliminative materialism, with a few indications of how this is already being transformed into functional physicalism. Introspection is still with us, not only in the sense that, as it has been suggested recently, 'in our culture, we take it for granted that each of us knows his own mind directly and can describe its operations' (Hebb, 1969, p. 55) but also because, no matter how uneasy psychologists and philosophers may be from time to time about its mention, they cannot do without it in their professional work.


The intrauterine device (IUD) is the worlds most widely used method of reversible contraception used by nearly 160 million women over 2/3 of them being in China. The IUD has evolved a long way from the stem pessaries described in 1902 the Grafenburg ring in 1929 the plastic IUDs in 1960s (Lippes Loop Margulies Spiral Saf-T-Coil) the copper devices in the 1970s to the latest era of hormone impregnated IUDs like Mirena. With increasing immigration into the UK from all over the world we need to familiarize ourselves with various unusual IUDs used in other countries. This report includes two such cases from China.


Summary The authors present the resulta obtained while applying the "Krornekote paper" lifting process fimt proposed by Igae and Reynolds in 1979 [l] and later in a modified form in 1980 and 1982 by Godown 121. They also present the respllts of their research to determine the writing order of crossing strokes using the Scanning Electron Microscopic technique, research that w8 restarted after the publication of an article by Waeschle 13 1.


Poor reporting matters because it reduces the transparency, repeatability and reliability of research. It creates particular problems in assessing the risk of bias, and when attempting to compare and combine results in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Over the last 6 years there have been several studies that have shown poor reporting in many research papers published in refereed veterinary journals. Perhaps the most relevant of these for equine veterinary medicine is a study that looked at the quality of published literature on reproduction in cattle, horses and dogs [1]. Typical issues in reporting of clinical trials include definition of primary and secondary outcomes, sample size determination, allocation of study units to interventions, randomisation method and blinding. As a result, a number of reporting guidelines have been developed that provide guidance and checklists for authors, peer reviewers and editors in reporting research methods and findings in a range of study types. Details of these can be found via the website of the EQUATOR Network, http://www.equator-network.org. Although the original impetus to develop reporting guidelines came from human medicine, the principles also apply to veterinary research. In addition, some reporting guidelines specifically geared to animal studies have recently become available. The main reporting guidelines include CONSORT for randomised controlled trials, ARRIVE for preclinical and experimental animal studies, REFLECT for livestock and food safety trials, PRISMA for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and STROBE for observational studies, but there are many more. Given the evidence of some poor reporting in veterinary research, we at the Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine wondered how aware veterinary journal editors are of reporting guidelines. In 2012, we carried out a survey of editors-in-chief through the International Association of Veterinary Editors (IAVE) and published the results in January 2014 [2]. The response rate was 36.8% (68/185) and we found that 47% of respondents had not heard of reporting guidelines before the survey, and only 35% said their journal referred to reporting guidelines in its instructions to authors. However, 68% believed that reporting guidelines should be adopted by all refereed veterinary journals where appropriate. Factors said to be barriers to using reporting guidelines included lack of knowledge among authors, reviewers and editors, resistance to change, perceived workload issues, and the fear of losing submissions. The need for promotion and communication to increase awareness of reporting guidelines among the veterinary community was frequently mentioned. Some editors suggested that there should be a consensus on implementation across all veterinary journals to ensure a level playing field, as authors might otherwise favour submitting to journals that did not require adherence to reporting guidelines. So how can the more widespread use of reporting guidelines be achieved in veterinary research? The first step is to increase awareness. We hope our survey of editors-in-chief has played a part in this, and the IAVE is also promoting reporting guidelines through its meetings and website (http://www.veteditors.org). The second step is for journals to endorse reporting guidelines and to include them in their instructions to authors and peer reviewers – in this respect the EVJ is in the vanguard among veterinary journals. In its Author Guidelines [3], the EVJ states that prior to submission of a paper, authors are recommended to consult the appropriate reporting guideline, with links given to guidelines for a wide range of study types. However, is endorsement of reporting guidelines by journals enough to ensure a high quality of reporting in published research? There has recently been much interest in this question in the medical world. A 2012 Cochrane systematic review [4] found evidence that journal endorsement of CONSORT did help contribute to the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials, but there was still suboptimal reporting, and it was suggested that journals are not giving a clear message to authors. Another study found that, although over 300 journals had endorsed the ARRIVE guidelines for preclinical animal studies, there had been little improvement in reporting after 2 years [5]. The authors of that report concluded: 'This suggests that authors, referees, and editors generally are ignoring guidelines, and the editorial endorsement is yet to be effectively implemented'. It would therefore appear that a necessary third step is for journals not just to endorse, but also to enforce reporting guidelines. This can happen at several stages in the publication process: authors can be required (rather than advised) to follow the relevant reporting guideline; editorial offices can use checklists at manuscript submission; peer reviewers can be asked to assess papers against the reporting guideline; and editors can take reporting guidelines into account in making their final decision. The EQUATOR Network has published some interesting case studies on its website of how medical journal editors have implemented reporting guidelines [6]. Many medical journals put the onus on the authors, with some requiring a completed reporting guidelines checklist, and others requiring a formal statement of compliance. The EQUATOR Network case studies suggest that this approach has not created much extra work for the journals involved. EQUATOR also recommends the use of reporting guidelines by reviewers: peer reviewers have a key role in assessing research methodology and reporting quality, and reporting guidelines provide a useful framework and guide for this [7]. Without a checklist, reviewers may miss things especially omissions in the text. Arguably, the use of reporting guidelines increases the consistency and fairness of the peer review process. Some might believe that enforcing reporting guidelines is unnecessarily prescriptive and restricts the freedom of authors and editors. However, I suggest that the items included in reporting guidelines are almost always necessary for completeness and clarity of reporting. Reporting guidelines should not be a hindrance, but a valuable guide. Furthermore, reporting guidelines do not necessarily need to be followed slavishly in every instance, provided that authors can give a valid justification for omitted items. As also proposed in a 2010 commentary by Simon More in The Veterinary Journal [8], I suggest there is no good reason why all veterinary journals should not require that the research they publish complies with the relevant reporting guideline. This is the only consistent way to ensure that research reports are complete and transparent, so avoiding the unnecessary waste and ethical implications of unreliable and unusable research. Already, there are some veterinary journals that require adherence to reporting guidelines. For example, Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Record Open ask authors to submit reporting guideline checklists. Journals that enforce reporting guidelines should benefit through improved quality and attracting papers from the best researchers. Finally, as suggested by several editors in our survey, is the idea of a consensus on reporting guidelines across veterinary journals a feasible proposition? A recent example from human medicine suggests that it is. In early 2014, 28 rehabilitation journals all published the same editorial on reporting guidelines and agreed to mandatory use of guidelines and checklists by January 2015 [9]. So it can be done. . .


Double tee connection in a beam column joint is a semi rigid connection in which two T stubs are bolted to the members. Use of these T stubs will be beneficial in seismic prone areas as they exhibit higher initial stiffness and ultimate moment capacity. Since plastic deformations are limited only in T stub, the connection can be easily repaired by replacing it after a destructive earthquake. The thickness and shape of T stub components have significant roles in enhancing the moment carrying capacity and they can influence the failure mode also. This study is mainly intended to investigate the performance of double tee connection by adding T stub rib stiffener and shear tab into the beam column joint. Parameters such as T flange thickness, T stem thickness and T stem shape are considered in the analysis.<br>


Many of the physical properties important for assessing soils in agricultural systems are the same for forest soils. However, because of the nature of forest soils and terrain associated with forest ecosystems, the most appropriate methods for agricultural soils are not always suitable for forest soils. Coarse fragments, large roots, and steep slopes limit the suitability of some methods for forest soils (Page-Dumroese et al. 1999). In addition, surface organic horizons cover many forest soils and measuring their physical properties such as bulk density requires different sampling methods than mineral soils.


Active Appearance Models (AAMs) represent the shape and appearance of an object via two low-dimensional subspaces, one for shape and one for appearance. AAMs for facial images are currently receiving considerable attention from the vision community. However, most existing work focuses on fitting AAMs to high-quality facial images. For many applications, effectively fitting an AAM to low-resolution facial images is of critical importance. This paper addresses this challenge from two aspects. On the modeling side, we propose an iterative AAM enhancement scheme, which not only results in increased fitting speed, but also improves the fitting robustness. For fitting AAMs to low-resolution images, we build a multi-resolution AAM and show that the best fitting performance is obtained when the model resolution is slightly higher than the facial image resolution. Experimental results using both indoor video and outdoor surveillance video are presented.


This dissertation will be exploring the arguments in favour of moral error theory, which is the metaethical theory that refers to moral statements as erroneous. Error theory relies on the idea that moral statements aim towards the truth, but as there are no moral properties that exist, so moral statements are systematically false. After defining moral error theory, I will then outline J.L Mackie's account of error theory, including his two arguments against moral realism: the argument from relativity and the argument from queerness. In consideration of the arguments against Mackie's error theory, I will explore three contemporary error theorists' ideas that have elaborated from Mackie's arguments or have provided more compelling arguments in defence of error theory. The three error theorists that I will examine are Richard Joyce, Jonas Olson, and Bart Streumer. According to Joyce, Mackie's queerness argument feels incomplete and provides a queerness argument, the argument from non-institutionality. Furthermore, Joyce answers the consequences of first-order ethics if error theory is true with his theory of moral fictionalism. Olson also formulates a queerness theory that is known as the argument from normative irreducibility. Olson also provides an answer for the consequences if error theory is true with his theory on conservationism. Finally, Bart Streumer defends a global error theory, which is vastly different to Joyce and Olson, with an objection to the belief problem to assert we can still support error theory without the ability to believe in it. In the third chapter, I will evaluate the three contemporary error theorists concerning their queerness arguments raised by Joyce and Olson and the unbelievability argument raised by Streumer. Also, there will be a discussion on the most plausible theory to retain normative judgements if error theory is true. I will do this by evaluating moral fictionalism and conservationism.


The behavior of ATPase in cotyledon tissue of Phaseolus vulgaris during germination has been examined with a view to assessing the feasibility of its involvement in transport processes. Both basal ATPase activity (no cations added to the assay mixture) and Na+–K+ stimulated activity were routinely present in homogenates of the tissue but decreased during germination in a manner that corresponded very closely with the pattern of protein attenuation for the same period. Since the decreased levels of protein primarily reflect protein body digestion, this parallel behavior suggests that as the need for transport of metabolites out of the storage cells becomes less, there is a corresponding decrease in the levels of basal and cation-stimulated ATPases.Fractionation of the tissue revealed that ATPase activity is present in isolated soluble fractions, but throughout the germination period the major proportions of both basal and Na+–K+ stimulated activities proved to be particulate and were distributed among nucl...


This paper presents a new record of iron fluxes at Talos Dome, a coastal dome in Antarctica. The data are likely of high quality, and the paper is clearly written. It does what it says in the title. I can't say that the information in it is very exciting or novel, as the conclusions mainly duplicate those already made with the Dome C ice core. There is some new information here about the possibility of a local addition of material in the Holocene, and this could be explored a little more. But mainly this is a solid paper, presenting confirming evidence that is useful to see without being spectacular.


In a previous paper (Smellie, McIndoe, Logan, Davidson & Dawson, 1953) we have discussed the incorporation of radioactive phosphorus (82p) into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the cell nucleus of rabbit liver and into the ribonucleic acid of the nucleus (nRNA) and of the various cytoplasmic fractions (cRNA) at different times after administration of the isotope. Asmightbe expected in a non-proliferating tissue, the incorporation into the DNA was only slight. On the other hand, the incorporation into the cRNA was relatively great and at a maximum at about D0 hr. after administration, while that into the nRNA was even greater and at a maximum at about 18 hr. It is known from the early work of Hevesy & Ottesen (1943) and of Andreasen & Ottesen (1945) that incorporation of 32p into DNA is greater in those tissues in which mitotic division is active, e.g. bone marrow and intestinal mucosa, than in resting tissues. But no systematic comparison of incorporation of 32p into DNA, nRNA and cRNA as a function of time has hitherto been made in a series of tissues. Such a study is described in this paper.


In order to reduce the testing errors in Rockwell hardness of metal specimens and improve the accuracy of hardness testing, several methods had been tried out and examined based on GB/T 230 and other relevant inspection specifications, firstly, correct the hardness of testing pieces directly by using the hardness reference blocks to calibrate the hardness tester; secondly, correct the hardness of testing pieces by linear calculation of the errors in different hardness values to calibrate the hardness tester; for a great deal of testing pieces, check the hardness twice and the second time in a reverse order. The result shows that the applied methods are effective to further improve the accuracy of Rockwell hardness testing.


3D object reconstruction from a single image is a highly ill-posed problem, requiring strong prior knowledge of 3D shapes. Deep learning methods are popular for this task. Especially, most works utilized 3D deconvolution to generate 3D shapes. However, the resolution of results is limited by the high resource consumption of 3D deconvolution. In this paper, we propose SliceNet, sequentially generating 2D slices of 3D shapes with shared 2D deconvolution parameters. To capture relations between slices, the RNN is also introduced. Our model has three main advantages: First, the introduction of RNN allows the CNN to focus more on local geometry details,improving the results' fine-grained plausibility. Second, replacing 3D deconvolution with 2D deconvolution reducs much consumption of memory, enabling higher resolution of final results. Third, an slice-aware attention mechanism is designed to provide dynamic information for each slice's generation, which helps modeling the difference between multiple slices, making the learning process easier. Experiments on both synthesized data and real data illustrate the effectiveness of our method.


This paper makes the case that every undergraduate engineering student should study system dynamics. Parallel theoretical concepts in engineering and the social sciences, pressures from industry, and changes within the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)frame the argument for system dynamics as a "non-technical" education requirement. Some of the distinct benefits of utilizing the basic thinking tools of system dynamics for the future engineer are discussed.


The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will demonstrate ionization cooling, the only technique that, given the short muon lifetime, can reduce the phase-space volume occupied by a muon beam quickly enough. MICE will demonstrate cooling in two steps. In the first one, Step IV, MICE will study the multiple Coulomb scattering in liquid hydrogen (LH2) and lithium hydride (LiH). A focus coil module will provide focussing on the absorber. The transverse emittance will be measured upstream and downstream of the absorber in two spectrometer solenoids (SS). Magnetic fields generated by two match coils in the SSs allow the beam to be matched into a flat-field regions in which the tracking detectors are installed. An incident in September 2015 rendered matching coil #1 (M1D) of the downstream spectrometer inoperable. A new Step IV lattice without M1D and its optimization via a Genetic Algorithm (GA) will be described in this paper.


The objective of the study is to find out the influence of board diversity on profitability with sales growth as a control variable in small capitalization companies at the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The research sample is determined by ranking the largest capitalization to smallest capitalization. The companies with a capitalization value of Rp. 1 Billion and under are considered as small-cap companies. Using the Solvin method, a number of 47 companies as research samples was obtained. Observation was conducted during the period of 2013-2017. The research model uses multiple regression with profitability as the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that the age of the board directors affects the profitability of small-cap companies at a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, at the confidence level of 90%, females in the board of commissioners have a positive effect on the profit of small-cap companies.

Keywords : Board diversity, profitability, small-cap companies