Historical novels, though popular in the 19th century, have not received much critical attention. The novels of this genre attempt to convey the spirit of the past, the manners and social conditions with adequate fidelity to historical facts and impress the reader with an illusion of reality and willing suspension of disbelief. The historical novel started with Scott's Tis Sixty Years Since and in the present century Hilary Mantel attempted to revive the genre in A Place of Great Safety, dealing with French Revolution and Wolf Hall, which narrated, with focus on accuracy, the events during the reign of Henry VIII, the rise of Oliver Cromwell, the fall of Cardinal Wolsey and the destruction of Thomas More. This paper brings out the predatory nature of man who is really wolf to man. The novelist attempted to look at the historical details through the eyes of Cromwell and they appear differently. Among the reading public and also the literary critics, the historical novel has not gained much as an entirely respectable form in the modern times. It was popular during the early 1880s as the reading public of that period evinced interest in reading about "the long ago … and far away" (Orel Harold, 1995). It has as its setting a period of history that attempts to convey the spirit, manners, and social conditions of a past age with realistic detail and fidelity to historical fact. It also deals with actual historical personages and it may also contain a mixture of fictional and historical characters.


The variation of through‐thickness Poisson's ratio with fibre type and orientation has been investigated using a specially developed Fortran program. Glass fibre/epoxy resin composites were always found to be conventional, but negative Poisson's ratio values of up to ν13 = –0.746 were produced over certain orientation angles for Kevlar and carbon reinforcements. This underlines the need for anisotropic pre‐preg material. A range of [±β /±θ ]s angles were investigated for carbon fibre laminates and it was found that auxetic behaviour could be generated for β up to 45°. All the findings of this work have extended the range of laminates which can be engineered to be auxetic either by material (i.e. Kevlar as well as carbon) or by orientation (i.e. by introducing further β layers other than the 0° and 90° previously investigated). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A two-stage game is used to model firms' strategic incentives to divide production among autonomous competing units through divisionalization, franchising, or divestiture. Firms simultaneously choose their number of competing units, which then engage in Cournot competition. While it is costly to form autonomous units, each firm does so in equilibrium, thus reducing firm profits and increasing social welfare relative to the case where firms cannot form competing units. With linear demand and costs, duopolists choose the socially optimal number of competing units; oligopolies with larger numbers of firms choose too many. The case of nonlinear demand is also examined. Copyright 1996 by American Economic Association.


The importance of SMEs to national economies and international trade was not reflected in the policy deliberations of major international economic institutions such as the OECD and World Bank until the early 1990s, when an early example of the Second Track process changed the status quo. Olga Bodrova recounts the origins of OECD's leading body on SME policies with insight from those who were there.


The integration test framework of domestic based software was proposed,the framework is B/S structure,including test execution framework and testing management terminal:test execution framework for test cases provide operating mode and application interface and public support functions;Testing management information,the record test output test results,etc.The framework realized on domestic based software systematic integration testing,solved the domestic based software interoperability issues,has reference value.


1024x768 Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE The growth of automobile production in the ASEAN region has in tandem spurred the growth of an automotive supplier industry. In today's "hypercompetitive" business environment, most of global automobile OEMs have set up their manufacturing and sourcing operations in India to realize low cost advantage and skilled man power of India. Since the birth of 21st century, Indian automobile industry is not only going through a cut-throat completion and increasing sales volume but also has a challenge of supplying components at reduced cost and improved quality at par with global standards. Work-Culture of traditional businesses changed drastically by strong efforts of parent company on strategically, technological lean-manufacturing, training and development and usage of Information and communication technology for supplier development. Most of the auto OEMs being brand ambassadors having assembly lines, Green Supply Chain Management(GSCM) supported by Information and communication technology(ICT) is playing a vital role in meeting the procurement of auto  components in most economical way . This study revolves around the change in the thought process by parent companies regarding supplier development from the last decade of twentieth century till first decade of twenty-first century where traditional manufacturing systems in Indian Automobile Industry were transforming to most modern system supported by Information and Communication Technology.ICT has still played a considerable role in QCD (Quality, Cost and Timely Delivery)and new concept of cloud computing is going to revolutionise the Indian Automobile Industry to be one of the most competitive supplier at global front in the coming future.


One noise processing system, comprising: a microphone for converting analog audio signals received at different frequencies outside into a voltage signal; a frequency selection circuit for receiving the voltage signal obtained by the microphone after the conversion, and the frequency sound other than the 65Hz-1.1KHz filtered signal corresponding to a voltage; an amplifying circuit for frequency selection circuit output voltage signal amplified to a predetermined multiple; and a noise reduction circuit, said noise reduction circuit is provided in given a predetermined voltage value, the noise reduction circuit for outputting a voltage signal is not less than the predetermined voltage value, to obtain a voltage signal containing less sound corresponding to external noise, external noise that contains less a voltage corresponding to the voice signal is transmitted to a speaker. The noise reducing processing system may reduce the external noise in the call.


Statutory interpretation, Professor Eskridge1 observes, has been a neglected intellectual stepchild, "the Cinderella of legal scholarship" (p. 1). If so, then Eskridge himself may qualify as the messenger with the glass slipper who has rescued the waif from obscurity. For over a decade, he has been in the forefront of research on the subject and has played a leading role in the scholarly renaissance now underway. Dynamic Statutory Interpretation synthesizes and extends his far-reaching contributions to the subject. Even beyond its theoretical sophistication and extensive scholarship, perhaps the book's most attractive feature is the internal tension between sometimes opposing viewpoints. Eskridge candidly admits that he admires conflicting normative visions, for his experiences have given him a prismatic rather than a unified vision: My approach can be described as one of critical pragmatism. It reflects a balance among three facets of my life: my thoroughly middleclass background and exposure to legal work through the usual insider institutions (Ivy League law school, clerkship, tony law firm), versus my experience as a gay man (which makes me a pariah looking at legal practice from the outside), versus my fascination with the phenomenon of scarcity and its [economic] implications for public life. My experience sweeps widely if not comprehensively across the American political spectrum.2 Consequently, Eskridge•sdiscussion tends to be dialectical, embracing first one viewpoint and then another. His conclusions are more nuanced than some readers may expect from an outspokenly "progressive" legal scholar. The price of these internal intellectual tensions is a reduction in theoretical elegance and rhetorical sweep,


In this article, we apply real options theory and modern capital budgeting to the problem of valuing an Internet company. We formulate the model in continuous time, form a discrete time approximation, estimate the model parameters, solve the model by simulation, and then perform sensitivity analysis. Depending on the parameters chosen, we find that the value of an Internet stock may be rational given high enough growth rates in revenues. Even with a very real chance that a firm may go bankrupt, if the initial growth rates are sufficiently high, and if there is enough volatility in this growth rate over time, then valuations can be what would otherwise appear to be dramatically high. In addition, we find a large sensitivity of the valuation to initial conditions and exact specification of the parameters. This is also consistent with the observation that the returns of Internet stocks have been strikingly volatile.


This paper presents a study of a modified event grouping based algorithm (MEGB) for university course timetabling problem (UCTP). Multiple models to describe the problem and multiple approaches to solving it are pointed out. The main idea of the modification is that through reduction on the generated solutions the execution time of the standard event grouping based algorithm (EGB) will be reduced, too. Also, an implementation of the modified algorithm based on the described approach is presented. The methodology, conditions and the aims of the experiment are described. The experimental results are analyzed and conclusions are made. When increasing the number of the groups, the execution time of the MEGB algorithm increases and equates with the execution time of the EGB algorithm. The best results are obtained with the first 30% of the groups formed. In these groupings, the execution time of the MEGB algorithm is much less than the execution time of the EGB algorithm. This is because, in the EGB algorithm, every change in the event ordinance creates a new timetable, and all events are repositioned on it. This process is optimized by creating a partial timetable, whereby the ordinance of events in groups before the current does not change. In addition, a comparative analysis between the MEGB algorithm and two other algorithms for UCTP, respectively a genetic algorithm with the local search method (GALS) and a local search algorithm based on chromatic classes (CCLS) is made as well. The obtained results show that the MEGB algorithm and the CCLS algorithm generate better solutions for smaller input data sets, while the GALS algorithm generates better solutions for larger input data sets. However, in terms of the execution time, it was ascertained that the GALS algorithm runs slowest among the others.


ISLANDS AND BRITISHNESS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE. Edited by Jodie Matthews and Daniel Travers. 270 pp.; tables, figure, bibliog., index. Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.: Cambridge Scholars, 2012. $59.99 (cloth), ISBN 9781443835169. THE NEW PITCAIRN ISLANDS CONSTITUTION: Strong, Empty Words for Britain's Smallest Colony. By Michael O. Eshleman. Pace International Law Review, 24 (1): 2-91. [http://digitalcommons.pace.edU/pilr/vol24/iss1/2]. Brits adore Island Britain, Shakespeare's scepter'd little England: "This other Eden, demi-paradise; ... This precious stone set in the silver sea, / Against the envy of less happier lands." Insularity insulates this feisty fastness against Continental infection. "Our geography has shaped our psychology," exults Prime Minister David Cameron (2013). "We have the character of an island nation--independent, forthright, passionate in defence of our sovereignty. We can no more change this British sensibility than we can drain the English Channel." From the White Cliffs of Dover to the rocky redoubt of John o' Groats, Britain's shores are fortresses not breached since 1066. Moreover, this minor landmass--smaller than eighty other nations, Britain is only the world's tenth largest island--at its imperial peak controlled more than a quarter of the globe. Crucial to that conquest were strategic Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Pacific islands. Britain has since shed most of its empire. Yet newly sovereign and still-dependent islands alike retain mother-country ties --of language and law, trade and tourism, migration and memory--that reflect both affection and exasperation. Islands and Britishness examines some of these ties. The book's subtitle promises a global reach. But its actual range is narrower. Of sixteen place-specific chapters, half concern offshore British islands and Crown dependencies: Shetland, the isles of Wight and Man, the Channel Islands. Four others became sovereign in the 1960s: Malta, Cyprus, Grenada, Jamaica. Heligoland was an 1807 conquest exchanged for Germany's Zanzibar in 1890. The overseas dependencies scrutinized here--Gibraltar, Bermuda, St. Helena--are quite unlike Britain's five Caribbean colonies, the Falklands, and Pitcairn, which get no mention. Hong Kong figures only for the 1924-25 British Empire Exhibition, New Zealand for Samuel Butler's 1863 autobiography and 1872 Erewhon, Tasmania for Matthew Kneale's English Passengers (2001), Singapore not at all. Several authors focus on tourist and immigrant views. Malta is a nostalgic "home from home" in Marie Avellino Stewart's "Britain in Aspic" ("we feel as if we are back in India"), with tea dances, gin and tonic, flapper garb, recollections of Royal residents and wartime heroism (56-62). In contrast, the Isle of Man's British "comeovers," now the majority, aspire to exotic Manxness (Gaelic, folk arts, the ancient Tynwald), satirized by alienated Manx ("what's wrong with their own identity, that they feel the need to come and take mine?" heard author Susan Lewis) (174). Other chapters stress islanders' own ambivalent identities. Channel Islands distinctiveness owes less to Norman-French tradition (dialects now largely extinct) than to 1940s' German occupation, as Paul Sanders and Daniel Travers separately recount. Initial plaudits for wartime deprivation bravely borne gave way in the 1990s to egregious charges of collaboration. Challenging disrepute, Channel Island Liberation Days extol bulldog Britain while asserting their own unique insular legacies. No qualms dim Zetland British wartime pride, despite 1914 fears of German takeover that put Shetland under Admiralty control. Shetland's distinctive Norwegian heritage, latterly fouled by herring rivalry, now survives mainly in place-names, music, and the jocular Up-Helly-Aa festival. To legendary anti-Scottish animus--"all Shetland ever got from Scotland was dear meal and greedy ministers," runs the old adage--North Sea oil prosperity now emboldens the archipelago to seek more self-rule from London as well as from Edinburgh. …


The identification of meat and bone meal (MBM) as a significant factor in the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has resulted in the introduction of restrictions on the use and movement of MBM and tallow. This has led to a requirement for alternative uses for these products. This paper reports on a risk assessment performed on the use of tallow as a fuel oil extender in diesel engines. With up to 4000 tonnes of tallow being produced each year in Ireland, combustion with energy recovery represents a viable, cost-efficient utilization route. A stochastic (Latin Hypercube sampling) simulation model was developed to assess the infectiv-ity risk to humans associated with potential airborne exposure to the combustion products when using tallow as a combustion fuel in diesel engines. The model simulates the potential infectivity pathways that tallow follows, including its production from animals with potentially subclinical BSE and processing the tallow with segregation and heat treatments. The model uses probability distributions for the most important input parameters. The assessment takes into account a number of epidemiological parameters that include tissue infectivity, species barrier, disease incidence, and heat inactivation. Two scenarios, reflecting the infectivity risk in different animal tissues defined by the European Commissions Scientific Steering Committee (SSC), were performed. It is seen from the model results that the risk of a human contracting variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) from potential airborne exposure to BSE, resulting from the combustion of tallow, is extremely small even when model uncertainty is taken into account (mean individual risk values ranging from 10-11.43 to 10-7.23 per year/person). The risks are a number of orders of magnitude less than the sporadic annual incidence level of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 9CJD) in Europe (approximately 10-6)


I am happy to take up this request to speak to the state of the field of performance studies, though I will be arguing here against the felicity of such a project. Performance studies, to my mind, is less "a thing done" than a set of questions asked, and the more performance studies keeps on the slip, remains diffuse, and resists congealing within delimited boundaries, the greater service it provides to our collective inquiries in the academy. This may be, oddly and even disturbingly, to argue for performance studies' hollowness, its (in)capacity, its necessary infelicity—even, dare I suggest, its theatricality.


Native hydrogen (H2) may represent a new carbon free‐energy resource, but to date there is no specific exploration guide to target H2‐fertile geological settings. Here, we present the first soil gas survey specifically designed to explore H2 migration in a region where no surface seepage has been documented so far. We choose the Pyrenean orogenic belt and its northern foreland basin (Aquitaine, France) as a test site for our strategy. The presence of mantle rocks at shallow depth (<10 km depth) under the Mauléon Basin connected to the surface by major faults is considered as preliminary requisites for H2 generation and drainage. On this basis, more than 1,100 in situ soil gas analysis (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, H2S, and 222Rn) were performed at ∼1 m depth at the regional scale along a 10 × 10 km grid spanning over 7,500 km2. The analysis campaign reveals several areas of high occurrence to the north of the Mauléon Basin where H2, CO2, and 222Rn concentrations exceed 1,000 ppmv, 10 vol%, and 50 kBq m−3, respectively. Most of these hot spots are located along the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust and other related faults rooted in the mantle body. These results, together with evidence from the literature of fluid migration at depth, suggest that H2 may be sourced from mantle rocks serpentinization and carried to the surface along major thrusting faults. Traps containing hydrogen remain unidentified up to now but the presence of salt‐related structures (diapirs) near these hot spots is considered encouraging.


In this work, we propose a new end-to-end (E2E) spelling correction method for post-processing of code-switching automatic speech recognition (ASR). Existing E2E spelling correction models take the hypotheses of ASR as inputs and annotated text as the targets. Due to the powerful modeling capabilities of the E2E model, the training of the correction system is extremely prone to over-fitting. It usually requires sufficient data diversity for reliable training. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the E2E correction models to the code-switching ASR task because of the data shortage. In this paper, we introduce the acoustic features into the spelling correction model. Our method can alleviate the problem of over-fitting and has better performance. Meanwhile, because the acoustic features are encode-free, our proposed model can be applied to the ASR model without significantly increasing the computational cost. The experimental results on ASRU 2019 Mandarin-English Code-switching Challenge data set show that the proposed method achieves 11.14% relative error rate reduction compared with baseline.


We present a search for a new particle T' decaying to a top quark via T' ->t + X, where X goes undetected. We use a data sample corresponding to 5.7 fb-1 of integrated luminosity of ppbar collisions with sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV, collected at Fermilab by the CDF II detector. Our search for pair production of T' is focused on the hadronic decay channel, ppbar ->T'T' ->tt +XX ->bbqqqq + XX. We interpret our results in terms of a model where T' is an exotic fourth generation quark and X is a dark matter candidate. The data are consistent with standard model expectations. We set a limit on the generic production of T'T'->tt+XX, excluding the fourth generation exotic quarks T' at 95% confidence level up to m_T' = 400 GeV/c2 for m_X<70 GeV/c2.


Employing design and development research methodology (van den Akker, 1999; van den Akker et al., 2006), this paper reports on a study investigating the ways, and the extent to which, embedded interactive writing supports, coupled with online discussion forums (Bates, 2005; Babcock & Thonus, 2012) , can enhance the acquisition of academic writing skills for pre-service teachers studying within on-line learning environments. The study began with the creation of three Articulate Storyline modules specifically tailored to two courses in a new community-based Bachelor of Education program where students take the majority of their courses on-line. The effectiveness of the modules, which include voice over, visual graphics, and video , will be assessed based on data drawn from a number of channels including pre and post course writing samples from students, interviews with instructors, anonymous student surveys, and a final student focus group interview. Among the initial findings, the instructors found that students


Time reversal method can be successfully used to locate the unknown targets in deterministic and uniform media. However, it is not appropriate for effective dealing with stochastic effects arising from inhomogeneities in a random medium that cause multipathing. In order to improve imaging effects in random media, an active-transducer array imaging approach motivated by time reversal mirrors is proposed. DOA imaging algorithm is based on the following steps: (1) an arrival time analysis of the echo received from the scatters , (2) the singular value decomposition of the array response matrix in the frequency domain. In comparison with traditional approach, this time-resolved imaging method compresses multipathing and realizes self-adaptive focusing. We illustrate the theory with the results of numeric simulations. The approach gives an effective estimate of the cross-range of the targets and has higher detection performance and statistical stability.


Materials hosting topologically protected non-Abelian zero modes offer the exciting possibility of storing and manipulating quantum information in a manner that is protected from decoherence at the hardware level. In this work, we study the possibility of realizing such excitations along line defects in certain fractional quantum Hall states in multi-valley systems. Such line defects have been recently observed experimentally between valley polarized Hall states on the surface of Bi(111), and excitations near these defects appear to be gapped (gapless) depending on the presence (absence) of interaction-induced gapping perturbations constrained by momentum selection rules, while the position of defects is determined by strain. In this work, we use these selection rules to show that a hybrid structure involving a superlattice imposed on such a multi-valley quantum Hall surface realizes non-Abelian anyons which can then be braided by modulating strain locally to move line defects. Specifically, we explore such defects in Abelian fractional quantum Hall states of the form {\nu} = 2/m using a K-matrix approach, and identify relevant gapping perturbations. Charged modes on these line defects remain gapped, while charge netural valley pseudospin modes may be gapped with the aid of two (mutually orthogonal) superlattices which pin non-commuting fields. When these superlattices are alternated along the line defect, non-Abelian zero modes result at points where the gapping perturbation changes. Given that these pseudospin modes carry no net physical charge or spin, the setup eschews utilizing superconducting and magnetic elements to engineer gapping perturbations. We provide a scheme to braid these modes using strain modulation, and confirm that the resulting unitaries satisfy a representation of the braid group.


Competition in the hair salon industry has become fiercer as it expands. Under these circumstances, businesses have paid attention to customer services to stay competitive. For this, there is the need to have a better understanding of relationship assets in maintaining a good customer relationship. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of the loyalty of hair salons, special recognition and preference, intimacy, and relationship assets to knowledge formation of customer citizenship behavior and examined the service factors that should be managed and improved in advance to maintain good customer relationships over a long period of time with a goal of providing the data needed to develop new management strategies. In terms of the research method, 500 questionnaires were distributed to the customers of the beauty salons in Gwangju and Jeonnam from December 10, 2016 to January 10, 2017. Among them, 470 copies excluding inappropriate ones were used for final analysis. For data analysis, the following were performed using SPSS v. 21.0: frequency analysis, factor analysis, calculation of Cronbach"s alpha for reliability testing, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results found that among the subordinate factors of hair salons relationship assets, intimacy, knowledge formation, special recognition and preference, and loyalty influenced loyalty behavior. Among the sub-factors of relationship assets, in addition, intimacy formation and intimacy affected cooperation behavior. In participation behavior, knowledge formation and special recognition and preference were influential. In sum, it was shown that among relationship assets, knowledge formation commonly influenced customer citizenship behavior. Therefore, hair salon owners must work to strengthen customer trust of employees through employee management and improvement through basic manners and problem-solving education after establishing a systematic employee training and education system.


Injectors for cyclotrons must provide low emittance beams with variable energy and bunch repetition frequency. The parameters of standard RFQs, which are short duty factor and constant operating frequency are not favourable for cyclotron application. Our development of the VE-RFQ has been adopted to match the HMI-cyclotron at HMI in Berlin as a first variable frequency RFQ operating in cw-mode. Another example ist the RFQ at RIKEN which injects into the RILAC variable frequency linac. The layout and properties of these RFQs will be described.


A scheme to implement the controlled‐NOT (CNOT) gate for quantum systems is proposed, which is based on Lyapunov control. The scheme does not require precise control of the interaction time since the system is stable when the control fields vanish. In particular, the control fields can be easily obtained by most initial states. As an example, the CNOT gate is realized for two atoms trapped in an optical cavity by exploiting two disturbance cases. Compared to continuous disturbance, the fidelity of the CNOT gate is higher under impulsive disturbance, however, interaction times are much longer. Numerical simulations indicate that the scheme is robust against variations of control parameters and decoherence caused by atomic spontaneous emission and cavity decay. Therefore, the scheme may provide useful applications in quantum computation.


Optical cryocoolers made of luminescent solids are very promising for many applications in the fields of optical telecommunications, aerospace industry, bioimaging, and phototherapy. To the present day, researchers have employed a number of crystal and glass host materials doped with rare-earth ions (Yb3+, Tm3+, and Er3+) to yield anti-Stokes optical refrigeration. In these host materials, the attainable minimum temperature is limited by the average phonon energy of the lattice and the impurity concentration. However, recently Ruan and Kaviany have theoretically demonstrated that the cooling efficiency can be dramatically enhanced when the host material doped with rare-earth ions is ground into a powder made of sub-micron size grains. This is due to two facts: firstly, the phonon spectrum is modified due to finite size of the grains and, secondly, light localization effects increase the photon density, leading to an enhanced absorptivity. In the present work, we propose that using a photonic crystal doped with rare earth ions offers many advantages with regards to getting a larger cooling efficiency at room temperature when compared to standard bulk materials or nano-powders. Indeed, apart to analogous phenomena to the ones predicted in nano-crystalline powders, there is the possibility of directly controlling the spontaneous emission rate of the ions embedded in the structure and, also, the absorption rate in the Stokes side of the absorption band by adequately tuning the density of photonic states, thus obtaining a large improvement in the cooling efficiency.


Non-toxic natural products employed in the formulation of cosmetics are of considerable interest. Recent efforts have focused on the identification of substances that inhibit tyrosinase activity (skin whitening properties) or suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species in skin cells (antiaging). In the present study, different parts of Ixora coccinea (IC) in various solvents were examined for antityrosinase and antioxidant activities. The methods for screening are based on tyrosinase inhibitior potency using mushroom tyrosinase and antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing power and phenol estimation. Among the parts investigated for skin whitening activity, the flowers were found to possess the superior activity. The methanolic extract of bark had the highest inhibition of DPPH when compared to flowers and leaves. However, the antioxidant potential of leaves and flowers were also comparable with bark. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation & the phenolic content was maximum in the leaves when compared to bark and flowers. Bark exhibited the best ferric reducing power when compared to other parts. Thus, Ixora coccinea serves as a potential source of ingredient for formulating the cosmetic products. © 2011 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved


This is the first of five papers on a study clarifying conditions and processes during and between the periods of loess accumulation in the southern Netherlands. The research approach involves studies of the stratigraphic, sedimentological, and paleopedological frameworks, micromorphological and analytical characterization of the deposits, and interpretation of micromorphological data in the light of independent process simulating experiments conducted on comparable test materials.

Lower or Middle Pleistocene Maas terrace Sands and Gravels overlie Middle Miocene Sands, and are separated by a stoneline complex, consisting of four components, from various silt loam units, which have been grouped into the Lower, Middle and Upper Silt Loam complexes. There is also one intra-silt loam stoneline. The stonelines range from pre-Saalian to early Middle Pleniglacial Weichselian in age and variably represent periods of deflation, hillslope erosion, and channel erosion. The present paper reports the results of a macroscopic field study of the Saalian, Eemian, and Early Weichselian Lower Silt Loam stratigraphical units and provides a brief overview of the remaining units, which will be detailed in a future paper. The lateral variability of the units is drawn to scale in a profile 475 m long.

The Lower Silt Loam complex comprises an early Saalian channel deposit and a Saalian eolian unit with penecontemporaneous reworking by sheetflow. It is surmounted by the Eemian Rocourt paleosol. This is followed by a Lower Silt Loam unit consisting of older local silt loam material reworked and redeposited by sheet and shallow channel flow, which is in turn surmounted by a paleosol that may be the Early Weichselian (Warneton) or late Eemian in age. The last and largest Lower Silt Loam unit was deposited from channel, and subsequently sheetflow on a major erosional surface, which bevels all older silt loam units. Above this are calcareous Middle Silt Loams.

The geomorphic evolution of a dry valley or del can be traced to an early Saalian channel. But, various paleochannels are no longer evident in the present landscape.


In this paper, an ultra-wideband through-the-wall propagation modeling and analysis of a human being behind a solid concrete wall is presented. The important propagation characteristics such as the reflection coefficient and the signal attenuation are predicted by the model for frequencies ranging over L-band (1 to 2 GHz) and S-band (2 to 4 GHz) using the analytical impedance transformation method. The method inherently accounts for the effect of multiple reflections. The characteristic variation of the propagation parameters which depend on the wave propagation distance and the frequency dependent dielectric properties of the human body tissues, are calculated for the instantaneously varying dimensions of heart in a cardiac cycle. Such model predicted propagation results will enable efficient estimation of power budget in the design of an ultra-wideband radar meant for remote, noncontact, non-invasive applications that involve heart beat based detection of a human being behind a concrete wall.


A deep knowledge of radio propagation is necessary before deploying wireless networks. In indoor environments, when people are moving, experimental analysis is needed, as many elements are difficult to model with a deterministic simulation tool. Thus, before deploying 5G systems at the 3.5 GHz band, insights on the effect of people moving in the indoor channel are required. This contribution describes the results of a measurement campaign considering different conditions. For analyzing the results, box plots of measured attenuations due to the people moving are compiled. Both the speed of the people and their concentration seem to influence the narrowband parameters of the radio channel. However, the position of the people seems to provide fewer effects on the radio channel.


This paper proposed a method of unsupervised classification of polarimetric SAR data based on image clustering and H/A/α decomposition. Fully polarimetric L band data collected by ALOS PALSAR system was used in this paper. The study site locates in Tianjin, China. The area is characterized by rural residence, bare soil, water body and pond. An unsupervised classification method is proposed for fully polarimetric SAR data. The relation between physical structure and polarimetric signal properties is studied explicitly using polarimetric decomposition. Consequently, a method based on clustering and iteration was introduced and was shown to yield radar-derived maps with a high level of agreement with existing TM images.


more imperative when the penny to be saved is a penny of income taxes. Indeed, a more appropriate maxim would hold that a penny of income tax saved represents far more than a penny earned because every reduction of federal income tax increases the profitability and net worth of the tax-paying enterprise by 100 percent of the amount of the tax reduction. In contrast, an increase in sales revenue of the same amount


Additionally to the well-known 3380 A band in the excitonic transitions of CsI at LHeT a new emission band at 2900 A is reported and its behaviour is studied as a function of temperature. Experimental evidence is given which establishes the connection of the 2275 A absorption band with localized exciton transitions. Measurements using ionizing β-irradiation especially the temperature dependence of the β-excited emission give further support to this model.


Due to the growth of population and industrialization, a great number of problems associated with producing industrial wastes have been created for both the environment and human beings. The industrial waste management in Brujen industrial park, located in the western part of Iran, has been investigated in this study using the environmental rapid impact assessment matrix technique. For this purpose, the effective activities and components were classified. The determination of the best scenarios with the least impact on the environment was performed by developing the scenarios for possible industrial waste disposal and making calculations by the rapid impact assessment matrix method. The components of the environment were first classified into physical/chemical, economic/operational, biological/ecological, and social/cultural items. Afterward, with respect to the criteria of the rapid impact assessment matrix method, the importance of environmental impacts was determined by standard scoring of the developed scenarios. Ultimately, the environmental score of each component for the scenarios was calculated using the rapid impact assessment matrix method, and the best scenario with the least environmental impacts was selected through a quantitative comparison. According to the results, scenario 3 (pyrolysis) and scenario 1 (recycling) were found to have the most negative impact and the most positive impact on the environment. Scenario 4 (incineration), with its severe air pollution, obtained a high negative score and was excluded from the options. As a result, two systems of recycling (scenario 1) and the sanitary landfill (scenario 2) were identified as complementary to each other and were selected as a solid waste management method.


We introduce the concept of a constrained pointed pseudo-triangulation TG of a point set S with respect to a pointed planar straight line graph G =( S, E). For the case that G forms a simple polygon P with vertex set S we give tight bounds on the vertex degree of TG. Pseudo-triangulations, also called geodesic triangulations, are planar partitions that have received considerable attention during the last years due to their applications to visibility [8, 9], ray shooting [3, 4], kinetic collision detection [1, 6, 7], rigidity [12], and guarding [11]. A pseudo-triangle is a planar polygon that has exactly three convex vertices, called corners, with internal angles less than π. Three concave chains, called side chains, join the three corners. A pseudo-triangulation for a set S of n points in the plane is a partition of the convex hull of S into pseudo-triangles whose vertex set is exactly S. A vertex is called pointed if it has an adjacent angle greater than π. A planar straight line graph is pointed if every vertex is pointed. Since a pseudo-triangulation is a planar graph, we can borrow graph terminology: The degree of a vertex is the number of edges incident to it. Even though a standard triangulation has average vertex degree O(1), there are sets of n points in the plane for which each possible triangulation has a vertex of degree n − 1. In contrast, Kettner et al. [5] recently established that every point set in the plane has a pointed pseudo-triangulation of maximum vertex degree five, and this bound is tight. A natural question to ask is whether a bound on the maximum vertex degree is also attainable if certain edges are constrained to be part of the pseudo-triangulation. Assume that we are given a pointed planar straight line graph G =( S, E). A constrained pointed pseudotriangulation TG of S with respect to G is a partition of the convex hull of S into pseudo-triangles such that each edge from E is part of the pseudo-triangulation and each vertex in S remains pointed 1 . The edges in E are


Contents: a.) Primordial images such as the Female Mythos, the Quest, the Bildungsroman, the Wise Man, the Dionysian Archetype, the Archetype of Eschatology, and Eros and Psychedelic Experience. b.) For college and university teachers and students. c.) My book is unique because although there have been scattered attempts in the past that focus on some mythic forms in selected African, Afro-American, and Caribbean literary works, little attempt has so far been made either to higlight the interrelationships of these archetypal patterns or subject the texts to the kind of comparative Jungian interpretation attempted in this book.


In view of the challenges brought about by the aging of China's population, this paper actively explores the impact of population aging on China's social security, analyzes various influencing factors, seeks solutions, methods for transforming, decomposing and effectively controlling key influencing factors, and provides social security for China. Long-term sustainable development provides new ideas and recommendations.


Goat rearing is a key livelihood sector in Ethiopian agriculture, upheld in diversified agroecology and inputs, which calls for the study of innate performances description. Moreover, performance determination at age intervals has an immense role in management and genetic interference in the near future for selection and upgrading. As a result, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of agroecology, birth type and sex on the growth performance of Arsi-Bale goat-born kids under old-style supervision practices in three agro-ecologies. Live body weight data were recorded on 71 kids from the birth period until yearling age for a total of 25 days in a year. Statistical Analysis Systems version 9.4 was used to analyse the data. The average live weight at birth, three months, six months and yearling ages were 2.0, 7.6, 13.0, and 19.3 kg, respectively. As well, the average weight gain immediately after birth, three months, six months and yearling ages were 125.3, 60.4, 70.1 and 40.2 g/day, respectively. The effect of agroecology was highly significant (p≤0.01) at birth, weaning and yearling ages. Moreover, live body weight and weight gain at six months and yearling ages were higher in midland and lowland agro-ecologies. However, three-month-old weight gain was nonsignificant (p≥0.05) among the environs. Kids born single were significantly higher (p≤0.01) at birth weight but no differences (p≥0.05) were observed across the rest of the ages on birth type. An increment in live weight and daily weight gain was higher in the females when aged due to sexual characteristics differences for early maturation. Thus, the effects of agroecology and sex was higher for performance variation under prolonged thermal pressure across seasons as well as sharing of dam milk for home consumption was an added factor in the lowlands. As a result, improvement of quality and quantity feeds and shelters for day-night thermal stress effects in routine seasonal changes can lead to a reasonable advance in yield of Arsi-Bale goat's kids. Key words: Agroecology, birth weight, body weight, daily weight gain, yearling weight


Sir. The motility and viability of spermatozoa is known to be affected by changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of surrounding media. Studies with animal semen (bulls and rams) have shown that increased seminal pH is associated with absence of or low density of sperm and often accompanies with low fertility (I). Similarly the motility and fertility of animal (rams and rabbit) spermatozoa is affected in vitro by changes in the pH of incubating media (2,3). Usual laboratory methods of semen analysis describe the reaction of semen as either acidic or alkaline. Further no study has so far becn conducted on pH and seminogram characteristics except that of Raboch and Skachova (4), who studied pH in patients with known genital tract and chromosomal pathologies without any consideration to other features of seminogram viz sperm motility and morphology. In the present study we have attempted to find the relationship between seminal fluid pH and seminogram abnor malities.


Aim To explore the effect of the angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 (AT 1) receptor antagonist irbesartan on cardiomyocytes apoptosis in spontaneous hypertensire rats (SHR),and gain insight into the regulation of cardiac apoptosis. Methods Twenty 13 weeks old SHR were randomly devide into two groups: SHR positive control group,irbesartan treating group [50 mg/(kg·d)],ten normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were acted as normal control group. Monitoring blood pressure of rats periodically, After 15 weeks, putting all rats to death, measuring heart weight, then we investigated the changes of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis using in situ TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and P53 was assessed by immunolistochemical detection. Results Compared with WKY, untreated SHR exhibited increased apoptosis (1.59±0.38 vs 0.33±0.11, P0.01) increased Bax (1.76±0.31 vs 0.59±0.11,P0.01) and similar Bcl-2(0.88±0.26 vs 0.82±0.19, P05), The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was lower in untreated SHR than in WKY (0.53±0.17 vs 1.41±0.34, P0.01) . The chronic administration of irbesartan was associated with the the normalization of apoptosis (0.56±0.17 vs 1.59±0.38, P0.01), Bax expression (0.84±0.23 vs 1.76±0.31, P0.01) and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (1.12±0.35 vs 0.53±0.17, P0.01). No changes in the expression of Bcl-2 were observed in these rats after treatment(0.92±0.28 vs 0.88±0.26,P0.05). Conclussion Chronic blockade of AT1 receptors prevents Bax overexpression and normalizes apoptosis in the left ventricular of SHR independenty of its hemoclynamic effect. AT1 blocker may prevented apoptosis by acting through a receptor mechanism involving the AT1 receptor, and may participate in the stimulation of Bax protein,which in turn renders cardiomyocytes more susceptible to apoptosis.


Reflectance spectroscopy obtained from a thermally treated silicon nitride carbon based ceramic matrix composite is used to quantity the oxidation products SiO2 and SiN. The data collection is described in detail in order to point out the potential biasing present in the data processing. A probability distribution is imposed on select model parameters, and then non-parametrically estimated. A non-parametric estimation is chosen since the exact composition of the material is unknown due to the inherent heterogeneity of ceramic composites. The probability distribution is estimated using the Prohorov metric framework in which the infinite dimensional optimization is reduced to a finite dimensional optimization using an approximating space composed of linear splines. A weighted least squares estimation is carried out, and uncertainty quantification is performed on the model parameters, including a piecewise asymptotic confidence band for the estimated probability density. Our estimation results indicate a distinguishable increase in the SiO2 present in the samples which were heat treated for 100 hours compared to 10 hours.


PREDIRCAM2 is a web-platform for obesity treatment and fol low-up. A mul t icenter randomized-trial evaluates its effectiveness in obesity treatment and cardio-metabolic-risk prevention. Participants were randomized to an intensified-technological-intervention (TI) supported by PREDIRCAM2, or a traditional non-technological faceto- face-intensified-intervention (NTI). Both groups receive one year followup, 12 appointments


Objective To explore the relationship between the emotional labor and personality of the health care workers. Methods 168 health care workers in 6 hospitals of Shandong province were surveyed to complete the Emotional Labor Scale and the revised NEO personality inventory(NEO-PI-R). Results The first strategy of emotional labor that workers usually used was natural acting (5.17±1.15),the next one was deep act-ing (4.74±0.78) and the last was surface acting(3.88±1.21). The correlation analysis showed that the extro-version had a negative correlation (r=-0.20, P < 0.05) with the surface acting and a positive correlation (r=0. 31, P<0.01) with the deep acting. The agreeableness had a positive correlation (r=0.22, P < 0.05) with the nat-ural acting. The conscientiousness had a positive correlation (r=0.25, P<0.05) with the deep acting. The extro-version had significant negative influence on surface acting and significant positive influence on deep acting. The a-greeableness had positive significant effect on natural acting and the conscientiousness had positive significant effect on deep acting. Conclusion Personality influenced the emotional labor and gender,age,work tenure and ed-ucational had significant effect on emotional labor.

Key words:
Big-five personality ;  Emotional labor ;  Surface acting ;  Deep acting ;  Natural acting ;


This guide offers resources to assist in locating information on famous U.S. individuals. Books on the shelf of the library and online that will help you with assignments.


A novel distributed strain and temperature measurement method based on Brillouin beat spectrum (BBS) in a complex index profile fiber are proposed. The BBS corresponds to the optical interaction of different acoustic modes. For a large-effective-area fiber (LEAF), the first peak of BBS is contributed by the first and second acoustic modes, while the second peak in BBS is contributed by the first and third accoustic modes. Through determining power changes in the peaks of BBS due to strain and temperature variation along a LEAF, the distributed strain and temperature can be measured by the homodyne Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) without scanning the Brillouin spectrum. The strain and temperature at the end of a 4.5-km LEAF are measured at 3-m spatial resolution in 140 s.


From July 14th to August 11th in 2006,there were three typhoons named BILIS,KAEMEI and SAOMEI hitting China and all of them brought regional heavy rainfall.Based on the data of daily observation and T213,we compared the three typhoons on the routes and the mechanisms of heavy rainfall.The results show that the different configuration of the Northwest Pacific Subtropical high caused the different routes of the three typhoons and the interaction of BILIS and the South China Sea summer monsoon made BILIS produce heavier rainfall and impact more extensive areas than KAEMEI and SAOMEI.


ACTIVE LEARNING IN A LARGE ENROLLMENT INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY CLASS: PROBLEM SOLVING, FORMATIVE FEEDBACK, AND TEACHING TO LEARN Diane Robison Department of Instructional Psychology and Technology Doctor of Philosophy The purpose of this study was to take a case study approach to exploring student learning experiences in a large enrollment introductory biology class. Traditionally such classes are taught through the lecture method with limited instructor-student interaction and minimal student-centered learning (Lewis & Woodward, 1984; Wulff, Nyquist, & Abbott, 1987). Biology 120 taught at Brigham Young University winter semester 2006 by John Bell was chosen as the case for the study due to its large enrollment (263) and its innovative pedagogy. In the classroom, students applied their learning through a variety of student-centered activities including solving problems, discussing concepts with peers, drawing diagrams, and voting. Outside of the classroom students were assigned, in addition to reading from the textbook and homework problems, to teach each week's concepts to another student. Formative feedback was emphasized in classroom activities and through a unique assessment system. Students took self-graded weekly assessments designed to provide regular and timely feedback on their performance. The only


Article history: Received 16 December 2019 Accepted 03 January 2020 Available online 21 January 2020 Slag from nickel smelting operations in the Sudbury basin in Ontario, Canada, has become ubiquitous. This material rich in heavy metals particularly iron upon ingestion has the potential to effect changes in physiology. In previous work, we analyzed the effects of dietary slag ingestion on several quantitative parameters of the tibio-tarsal bones in pigeons, including density, cortical thickness, bone mineral density, calcium and iron concentrations, Young's Moduli, and breaking strength. In the present work, we compute the Pearson correlation coefficients for all possible sets of bivariations of the measured parameters for a control group fed a normal diet, and an experimental group fed a slag-based diet. Furthermore, the Pearson distance, which is a metric associated with the degree of "clustering" between two independent sets of bivariate correlations, was calculated for all corresponding pairs of bivariations. A new metric the Distance correlation R is a measure of multivariate correlation which tests for any type of correlation, including linear correlation (or anticorrelation). In analogy to the Pearson distance, we introduce in this work the Distance correlation dR, and a criterion for its statistical significance. On the existing data set, the Distance correlation R was also calculated for all 42 bivariations, and the associated 21 values of dR were computed. In the control group, the Pearson correlation revealed an anticorrelation between cortical thickness and breaking strength. In the experimental group, the metric revealed a correlation between breaking strength and bone mineral density, and an anticorrelations between: i) Young's Moduli and iron concentration, and ii) between cortical thickness and bone mineral density. Significant Pearson distances between: i) cortical thickness vs. breaking strength, ii) cortical thickness vs. bone mineral density, iii) density vs. bone mineral density, and iv) breaking strength vs. bone mineral density, were indicative of fundamental changes in bone physiology in the experimental group. The Pearson distance metric was thus effective in detecting physiological changes associated with the presence of metal overload in bone. The Distance correlation R revealed a significant correlation between cortical thickness and breaking strength in the control group, and between the calcium and iron concentrations in the experimental group. The dR metric revealed significant loss in correlation between calcium concentration and bone mineral density in the experimental group. In summary, the statistical metrics used and introduced in this work are efficacious in detecting physiological changes in metaloverloaded bone.


In the industrial civilization initiating the dawn of western capitalist society,European Revival of Learning played a vital role of enlightenment in concept and ideological reform,marking the transformation of human civilization and reconstruction.With the booming of global capitalism,China was involved tragically in the modernization.Chinese people should have enough preparation for modernization in spirit and accept sinicization of Marxist philosophy,i.e.taking Marxist social ideal as spiritual banner.The ideal became a solution for existence,development and progress of Chinese people and guidance for carrying out socialist modernization,as well as a spiritual appeal for revitalizing Chinese modernization and a necessary alternative to practice.Chinese modernization deserves a representation of Marxist cultural spirit in a deeper sense;and it is a double requirement of sinicization of Marxist philosophy and Chinese modernization.


In this paper, we propose a semi-fragile watermarking technique that accepts JPEG lossy compression on the watermarked image to a pre-determined quality factor, and rejects malicious attacks. The authenticator can identify the positions of corrupted blocks, and recover them with approximation of the original ones. In addition to JPEG compression, adjustments of the brightness of the image within reasonable ranges, are also acceptable using the proposed authenticator. The security of the proposed method is achieved by using the secret block mapping function which controls the signature generating/embedding processes. Our authenticator is based on two invariant properties of DCT coefficients before and after JPEG compressions. They are deterministic so that no probabilistic decision is needed in the system. The first property shows that if we modify a DCT coefficient to an integral multiple of a quantization step, which is larger than the steps used in later JPEG compressions, then this coefficient can be exactly reconstructed after later acceptable JPEG compression. The second one is the invariant relationships between two coefficients in a block pair before and after JPEG compression. Therefore, we can use the second property to generate authentication signature, and use the first property to embed it as watermarks. There is no perceptible degradation between the watermarked image and the original. In additional to authentication signatures, we can also embed the recovery bits for recovering approximate pixel values in corrupted areas. Our authenticator utilizes the compressed bitstream, and thus avoids rounding errors in reconstructing DCT coefficients. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of this system. The system also guaranies no false alarms, i.e., no acceptable JPEG compression is rejected.


In DCR local anesthesia achieves dual purpose. Firstly, it helps in anesthesia. Secondly, Adrenaline added to the anesthetic agent creates decongestion, which helps in an avascular operation field. The old technique involves an injection of large amount of anesthetic agent, which can result in lignocaine reaction, and adrenaline associated problems. In the new technique only 1.5-2.0 ml of local anesthetic agent is injected which is highly safe and effective. There is also minimal distortion of local anatomy. In this study, two hundred and sixty five patients were given local anesthesia with new technique. Only six needed to have their anesthesia repeated, sixteen had a persistent ooze. No one had adrenaline related problems. This technique is a safe and effective way of providing anesthesia for DCR.


inhibition caused by phenol or aminophenol. Inhibition in the presence of phenyl sulphate was considerably greater than that produced by similar concentrations of phenol. The effect could therefore not be attributed to hydrolysis of phenyl sulphate during incubation. Addition of carrier sulphate to the medium did not overcome inhibition of 5SO42uptake by phenyl sulphate. It is possible that phenyl sulphate may be inhibitory by means of a competitive action on enzymes involved in sulphate metabolism. Of other sulphur-containing substances investigated, potassium methanesulphonate inhibited, whereas potassium ethyl sulphate failed to do so. The further elucidation ofthis problem and that of the mode of action of other inhibitors must await the availability of a satisfactory cell-free system. The sulphation of phenol by granulation tissue was a somewhat surprising finding, since Segal (1955) found no such activity in a variety of other tissues. The only reported association of chondrosulphatase and aryl sulphatase activities has been found in the large periwinkle (Littorea littorina) by Dodgson & Spencer (1954). Our reasons for investigating the sulphation of phenol were, first, to study the specificity of the sulphating system and, secondly, to have a readily available substrate for future experiments on the problem of sulphation in granulation tissue. Hilz & Lipmann (1955) have shown the presence of a sulphate-activating and a transferring system in liver. It seems likely that a similar activating system occurs in granulation tissue and that a transfer to eithei carbohydrate or phenol may then take place. SUMMARY


The idea of "Developing Socialism by Taking Advantage of Capitalism" represents not only a historical and logical demand but also a basic orientation towards contemporary socialism."Developing Socialism by Taking Advantage of Capitalism" is to benefit the development of socialism by learning from capitalist countries advanced science and technology,business management means and any other useful knowledge and culture,which is a strategic choice for backward states to construct socialism.


Since recent 50 years,Chinese investment fluctuation concludes five different scales and one trend,2.7 years featured by small scale,40 years featured by large scale and trend are the major ones.On the view of trend,Chinese investment fluctuation is mainly related with the change of macro-economic policies.On the view of 40 years scale,through analyzing the factors affecting Chinese investment in the 1980's and the 1990's,it can be seen that fixed assets is affected more and more by labor,investment flexibility coefficient,industry and its major products,transport infrastructure,price,changes in inventories,education,urban consumption level and grain.The agriculture production value and foreign trend affects the investment fluctuation decreasingly.


With the development of 3D Web technologies, 3D objects are now handled as embedded objects without plug-ins on web pages. Although declarative 3D objects are physically integrated into web pages, 3D objects and HTML elements are still separated from the perspective of the 3D layout context, and an annotation method is lacking. Thus it is scarcely possible to add meaningful annotations related to target 3D objects using existing web resources. In addition, people often lose the relationship between the target and related annotation objects in a 3D context due to the separation of the content layouts in different 3D contexts. In this paper, we propose a webizing method for annotating user experiences with 3D objects in a 3D Web environment. The relationship between the 3D target object and the annotation object is declared by means of web annotations and these related objects are rendered with a common 3D layout context and a camera perspective. We present typical cases of 3D scenes with web annotations on the 3D Web using a prototype implementation system to verify the usefulness of our approach.


Local geoid determination studies are commonly carried out today to establish the relationship between the ellipsoidal height (h)$$ (h) $$ determined by satellite geodesy methods and the orthometric height (H)$$ (H) $$ found using geoid undulation (N)$$ (N) $$ . The aim of this study was to determine a local geoid using the kriging, local polynomial (LP), and inverse distance to a power (IDP) interpolation methods along with the random forest (RF) regression method and to compare the performance. For the application, 193 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling points homogeneously distributed over the study area were selected as reference data, and 70 GNSS/leveling points were selected as test data. The results were compared in terms of accuracy using well‐known performance metrics, namely, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) values. According to the results, the highest R2 and the lowest RMSE and MAE values were obtained with the RF regression method. These findings demonstrated the superiority of the RF regression over the classic interpolation methods applied in the local geoid determination for the study area.


Effective methods for characterizing the noise in quantum computing devices are essential for programming and debugging circuit performance. Existing approaches vary in the information obtained as well as the amount of quantum and classical resources required, with more information generally requiring more resources. Here we benchmark the characterization methods of gate set tomography, Pauli channel noise reconstruction, and empirical direct characterization for developing models that describe noisy quantum circuit performance on a 27-qubit superconducting transmon device. We evaluate these models by comparing the accuracy of noisy circuit simulations with the corresponding experimental observations. We find that the agreement of noise model to experiment does not correlate with the information gained by characterization and that the underlying circuit strongly influences the best choice of characterization approach. Empirical direct characterization scales best of the methods we tested and produced the most accurate characterizations across our benchmarks.


In many medical settings precise numerical data for all findings of interest either is unavailable or is too timeconsuming to measure. In such situations where a mixture of exact and approximate data is available, a model which can reason with such data and produce output of precision proportional to the the precision of the available findings is desirable. We are developing an acute cardiovascular model which can reason with mixed qualitative and quantitative data, the principles of which can be applied to any mixed-data situation. Our objective is to construct a computationally efficient, first-principles model of the cardiovascular system's response to blood loss and fluid replacement. Such a model can be used to estimate the volume of blood loss within therapeutically acceptable ranges and predict the future clinically-relevant cardiovascular states of the patient, i.e. to predict initial blood transfusion requirements within -t-1 unit (500cc), and to predict when the patient may go beyond Class II shock (1500cc blood loss or 30% blood loss) either in the absence of remedial procedures or in the presence of fluid replacement or other therapeutic actions. For the model to be usable in Emergency Medicine, however, it must be able to: (1) use the qualitative estimates of patient parameters whose precise values are not available in an Emergency Center (no); (2) in real-time; (3) behave qualitatively well. Our work entails developing both a quantitative and a qualititative model of acute hemorrhage, and then integrating the two to create a mixed qualitative/quantitative (Q/Q) model. The quantitative model assumes all quantitative input, and since it is verified against actual patient data, it is used as a baseline against which the output of the Q/Q model is to be judged. How accurately the model performs will be based on actual patient data


Let K denote a field, and let V denote a vector space over K with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations A : V → V and A : V → V that satisfy both conditions below: (i) There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A is diagonal and the matrix representing A is irreducible tridiagonal. (ii) There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A is diagonal and the matrix representing A is irreducible tridiagonal. We call such a pair a Leonard pair on V . Referring to the above Leonard pair, we investigate 24 bases for V on which the action of A and A takes an attractive form. Our bases are described as follows. Let Ω denote the set consisting of four symbols 0, d, 0, d. We identify the symmetric group S4 with the set of all linear orderings of Ω. For each element g of S4, we define an (ordered) basis for V , which we denote by [g]. The 24 resulting bases are related as follows. For all elements wxyz in S4, the transition matrix from the basis [wxyz] to the basis [xwyz] (resp. [wyxz]) is diagonal (resp. lower triangular). The basis [wxzy] is the basis [wxyz] in inverted order. The transformations A and A act on the 24 bases as follows. For all g ∈ S4, let A g (resp. A∗g) denote the matrix representing A (resp. A) with respect to [g]. To describe Ag and A∗g, we refer to 0, d as the starred elements of Ω. Writing g = wxyz, if neither of y, z are starred then Ag is diagonal and A∗g is irreducible tridiagonal. If y is starred but z not, then Ag is lower bidiagonal and A∗g is upper bidiagonal. If z is starred but y not, then Ag is upper bidiagonal and A∗g is lower bidiagonal. If both of y, z are starred, then Ag is irreducible tridiagonal and A∗g is diagonal. We define a symmetric binary relation on S4 called adjacency. An element wxyz of S4 is by definition adjacent to each of xwyz, wyxz, wxzy and no other elements of S4. For all ordered pairs of adjacent elements g, h in S4, we find the entries of the transition matrix from the basis [g] to the basis [h]. We express these entries in terms of the eigenvalues of A, the eigenvalues of A, and two sequences of parameters called the first split sequence and the second split sequence. For all g ∈ S4, we compute the entries of Ag and A∗g in terms of the eigenvalues of A, the eigenvalues of A, the first split sequence and the second split sequence. ∗


Efficient mechanisms for information sharing are important for parallel and distributed systems. In parallel cluster systems and distributed systems where communication overhead is high, reducing communication is crucial to get high performance. In open and changing environments, dynamic adaptation is crucial to achieve good performance. We proposed a dynamic adaptation scheme for distributed information sharing. The system monitors the access pattern to a shared data, and accordingly adjusts itself in an adaptive manner. This paper describes an improvement of the scheme. The server monitors the work load in the whole system, and divides itself (or merges itself with another server replica) dynamically to distribute and balance the managing load accordingly, so that the system reorganizes and reconfigures itself dynamically. The results of experiments proved that our reconfiguration scheme is indeed effective.


Background and Purpose— The magnitude of inherited risk of stroke may lessen with age, and this would have implications for optimizing genomic approaches to identifying genetic risk factors for stroke. We investigated the relationship between age and inherited risk of stroke. Methods— Family histories of stroke were obtained in systematic interviews with 310 adult men and women with recent CT- or MR-confirmed ischemic stroke. Probability of stroke in first-degree relatives was analyzed by logistic regression, adjusting for sibship size. Results— The probability of having a sibling with stroke increased as proband age at stroke presentation increased. Per decade increase in proband age, the odds ratio was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.28; P =0.002) for a concordant sibling and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.49; P =0.008) for ≥2 first-degree relatives with a history of stroke. Conclusions— Clustering of stroke was not greater in families with probands manifesting symptoms of stroke in earlier than later adulthood. The relationship between proband age and positive family history of stroke does not suggest an upper age-limit cutoff for genomewide linkage studies.


Letters of instruction from Gerrit Jan Mulder to Marie Porreij (1875-1879) Between 1875 and 1879 the emeritus professor of chemistry at the University of Utrecht, Gerrit Jan Mulder (1802-1880), probably wrote about 80 letters to Marie Porreij (1851- 1931), who was at that time employed as a governess in the Dutch East Indies. Thirteen of Mulder's letters have been kept, Marie burned her own letters to Mulder. The contents of Mulder's letters form the basis of this article. Mulder taught Marie Porreij his views on the principles of philosophy, Latin, astrology, physics, mathematics, et cetera, during a period in which the Dutch women's liberation movement was trying to further the educational prospects for women. As a conservative, Mulder opposed this movement. Nevertheless he acted as mentor to Marie Porreij, who would become one of the leading Dutch feminists in the 1890s. The article focuses on Mulder's ideas on education in general and on women's education in particular, showing the current conservative ideas on this matter. The question is how Mulder could reconcile his conservative ideas on women's education, as he had published them in the 1870s, with the lessons he taught Marie Porreij. The answer is sought in his conviction that the use of one's God given talents, whether a man's or a woman's, should prevail over the everyday roles. As he regarded Marie Porreij as a very talented woman, she was allowed to obtain more knowledge than just an ordinary woman.


The utility model relates to a terminal post structure of a valve-regulated seal lead-acid storage battery. Each terminal post is circularly provided with a plurality of straight-through holes which are mutually communicated. The straight-through hole structure of the terminal post structure can facilitate the series connection and parallel connection of a plurality of batteries in each direction; and compared with the wiring hole manner of the traditional terminal post, the wiring manner of the terminal post structure is more convenient and fast.


This research investigated the wear behaviour of dental ceramics in acid solution (10-3 mol dm-3 HCl) at temperature of 50 oC. The experiments were conducted on four samples of dental ceramics: feldspatic ceramic, hydrothermal ceramic, bijeli valjcic and žuti valjcic. The resistent of samples of dental ceramics to wear was estimated by the mass change of dental samples after contact with 10-3 mol dm-3 HCl, and measurements of the mass concentration of eluted Na+, K+, Ca2+, Si4+ and Al3+ ions. The measurements were made at time interval of 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. The concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ were determined by ion chromatography (IC) and that of Si4+ and Al3+ by UV/VIS spectrometry. For the subject issue, using experimental data, the feedforward backpropagation neural network for estimation of wear behaviour of dental ceramics has been modelled. The results of 1, 2 and 12 months time interval measurements were used for the training 13-20-5 model of neural network. Comparison of experimental data and data obtained by estimation (results of 3 and 6 months interval time) of neural network shows that applied network model provides very good estimation of wear behaviour of dental ceramics with high correlation coefficient (R) and low sum of squared error (SSE) between measurement and estimated output values.


By using excessive risk ratio for the underground economy,the paper calculated the composite environment pollution index.It confirms the space correlation of underground economy and environment pollution among the provincial.In turn,through exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Methods,the paper analyzes distribution pattern and evolution of trends of the underground economy and pollution of our provincial level.The results showed that underground economy has center space difference of the outer area,developed and underdeveloped regions.Provincial environmental pollution has a spatial dependence of significant level.On this basis the paper uses space error Model(SEM) and space lag model(SLM) to analyze the scale of the underground economy and its impact on environmental pollution in China.Studies have shown that the underground economy and environmental pollution is a negative correlation.The change and the role of the connotation of the underground economy decides the macroeconomic sustainability of this relationship.


We appreciate the interest of Prayag and Gronfier in our recent article (Nagare et al., 2019). While the melanopic content of light stimuli has attracted much attention as a predictor of melatonin suppression, all classes of photoreceptors are involved in circadian phototransduction, as clearly articulated by Lucas et al. (2014) and others (Provencio and Foster, 1995; Hattar et al., 2003; Prayag et al., 2019). The figure, using data from Brainard et al. (2001) and Thapan et al. (2001), shows that the photopigment melanopsin contained within ipRGCs fails to account for the spectral sensitivity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as it controls nocturnal melatonin suppression. For this reason, modeling circadian phototransduction requires a comprehensive approach such as ours.


The case A 65-year-old man visits his general practitioner for his annual physical examination. On rectal examination the physician discovers a small nodule in the right lobe of his prostate gland. The patient has had no urinary symptoms and is in excellent general health. Sexual function is normal. He has no family history of prostate cancer; his father died of a stroke at age 86 years. The prostate-specific antigen level is elevated (9.3 ng/mL), and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the nodule reveals adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a Gleason score of 7. Systematic biopsies of the left lobe yield normal results. At a follow-up visit he tells his physician, "I have been doing some research, and it appears I should have treatment. However, what is less clear is what form of therapy this should take — surgery or radiation treatment. If radiation, should it be external or interstitial? Please tell me what you can about the state of the art with respect to radiation therapy."


Abstract Nine different 4−, or 5− substituted racemic pyridones were synthesized and resolved by reversed phase LC. Seven of the compounds showed complete or partial resolution on the vancomycin bonded phase column, while five compounds each were separated on both the teicoplanin and the β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase (CSPs). No enantioselective separations were obtained on α- or γ-cyclodextrin stationary phases. The antineoplastic agent methotrexate also was resolved. Structural factors that significantly altered enantioselectivity included: changing the pyridone substituent from the 4 to the 5 position or vice versa, changing the size of the substituent, changing the degree of unsaturation of the substituent and changing the nature and length of the substituent "tether". The enantioselectivity of the two related macrocyclic antibiotic CSPs are somewhat similar but not identical. This provides a highly useful optimization approach for these columns. Frequently, when partial enantioresolution is o...


The death of dopamine-producing neurons leads to Parkinson's disease, but the cause of this selective cell degeneration is unknown. Dr. Stefan Schildknecht from the University of Konstanz is therefore developing human cell culture models to investigate the early molecular processes in the development of Parkinson's disease. The models can also be used to develop new approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's.


A bout 5 million people each year die from a stroke and 15 million have non-fatal strokes that are significantly disabling in about one-third.1 In the UK, 130,000 people have a stroke each year, which is one every five minutes. Strokes are the third commonest cause of death but the most frequent cause of disability in adults. At any one time in the UK, 350,000 people are living with strokeinduced long tem1 disability and half of these are over 75 years of age. Stroke not only changes an individual's life but has a major impact on families, friends and carers. Each year 10,QOO people of working age in the UK suffer a stroke, and the health service spends 4% of its budget providing care for victims of stroke. In addition, social services and residential care costs are substantial. Among those who survive a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) about 20% will have a further stroke over the next five years. Reducing the burden of stroke on the individual as well as society is an essential and important part of medical practice. Safe and effective treatments for stroke already exist and the National Service Framework for Older People emphasises the importance of implementing the National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke. Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk by about 20% in those who experience an ischaemic stroke or TIA and statins reduce the risk by up to 30%,-' but those with a cerebral haemorrhage are not known to benefit from any specific fonn of treatment. Blood pressure is a well recognised risk factor for stroke in both hypertensive and nonnotensive individuals. In hypertensive patients, a sustained reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 5-6 mmHg reduces initial stroke by a third, and in hypertensive stroke survivors the recurrence of fatal of non-fatal stroke is reduced by 28%.• The question of how to treat the blood pressure in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients with a history of stroke or TIA has been addressed in the PROGRESS trial.5 A total of 6105 patients were randomly assigned to active treatment (perindopril 4 mg daily, alone or in combination with indapamide) or placebo. The primary outcome was total stroke (fatal or nonfatal). After four years of therapy, the active group had reduced their blood pressure by 9/4 mmHg, and 307 (10%) of 3051 patients had a stroke, compared with 420 (14%) of 3054 receiving placebo (risk reduction 28%; p<OJ)(){)l). Importantly, the risk reduction was the same in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients at entry and in those with ischaemic or haemorrhagic aetiologies. Combination therapy reduced blood pressure by 12/5 mmHg and stroke risk by 43%, whereas perindopril monotherapy reduced blood pressure by 5/3 mmHg and had no impact on stroke risk. The clinical implications of this study are important because not only was the primary endpoint reduced but major cardiovascular complications were also reduced by 26%. Unfortunately, we do not have a target blood pressure to aim for, nor is this a trial of acute stroke. We must also take great care to exclude significant stenoses in the cerebral circulation where perfusion pressure is important and direct those with carotid disease to vascular surgeons if appropriately severe. PROGRESS identifies benefit in stroke patients who are stable on conventional therapy two weeks to five years after the event, with no contraindication to hypotensive therapy. A target blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg or less would comply with guidelines, remembering older people are more vulnerable to postural changes. A gentle rather than abrupt fall in pressure should avoid cerebrovascular adverse effects from too rapid a fall in blood pressure. The perindopril-only group with a modest fall in blood pressure (5/3 rrμnHg) did not benefit stroke risk, whereas in a-previous study indapamide 2.5 mg decreased blood pressure by 5/2 mmHg and stroke risk by 29%.6 The dramatic reduction in risk (43%) with combination therapy in PROGRESS in both hypertensives and non-hypertensives probably relates to the degree of blood pressure reduction and their high risk status (they were younger, had higher blood pressure at entry, more coronary disease and were recruited earlier after their stroke). Translated into absolute benefits, combination therapy would prevent one stroke for every 14 patients treated for five years and one major vascular event among every 11 patients treated for five years. PROGRESS is about the benefits of the combination of indapamide and perindopril added to standard therapy and a fall in blood pressure in hypertensive and nonnotensive stroke victims of 12/5 mmHg. We now need head to head trials with other agents (not placebo) to see whether it is the class of drug or the blood pressure fall (or both) that determines the outcome. These trials must include other evidence-based therapies (e.g. aspirin, statins) to maximise patient benefit. PROGRESS does make progress for victims of stroke but there is more work to be done.


The tutorial discusses the basics of algorithmization and programming in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), describes the action of linear, branching and cyclic structures. Much attention is paid to programming based on functions and procedures, processing one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, working with files. Examples of mathematical data processing, the use of spreadsheets for charting are given. In addition, the methods of creating macros, the principles of developing test programs based on various controls are considered. At the end of each Chapter there is a set of control questions and tasks.
It has an applied orientation and meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying under the programs of bachelor of technical specialties, it will also be useful for students of secondary professional educational institutions and schoolchildren in preparation for the Unified state exam on the discipline "Informatics and ICT".


Two patients with a long history ofparoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia are presented. The episodes of arrhythmia had been refractory to a wide variety of suppressive drugs and a significant deterioration in life style had resulted. Cardiac conduction studies demonstrated a re-entry mechanism, and it was possible to induce and terminate the tachycardia by appropriately timed electrical stimuli. The application of this principle to long-term control using inductive right atrial pacing is discussed. Both patients have repeatedly abolished episodes of tachycardia using this technique.


One of the most harmful effects of cavitation, with strong influence on the life of the hydraulic machines is the destruction caused by erosion Since its discovery, over 150 years ago, evaluating the degradation is achieved by mass of material removed by erosion in a given time, which in the case of rotors and blades of hydraulic machines and marine propeller blades are equivalent by amount of electrode consumption for filling the voids left by the removal of material. Laboratory research on cavitation, from the beginning until now, evaluates the intensity of cavitation erosion rate, defined as a mass of material removed by erosion at a certain time of attack.The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a technique based on vibroacoustic signal analysis of corroded samples, and that through their natural frequencies deviations to emphasize mass loss.The experimental measurement of the vibroacustic response of corroded specimens is carried out by using a condenser microphone. The vibration responses, in free-free conditions of the specimens, are analyzed using algorithm based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The results are compared with other indicators of cavitation corrosion, such as lost mass and mass loss rate.


Given the current state of the art, there is no known way to provide a comparable level of security without voter-verified paper records. In the long run, as technology advances, it may be possible to develop alternative voting technologies that provide an equal or greater level of security without using paper. Consequently, it may be appropriate to structure the VVSG to permit other systems that demonstrably provide an equal or greater level of security as voter-verified paper records with manual audits. However, any such provision would need to be accompanied by a new process for determining which systems meet this criteria. The current evaluation and testing process is not capable of making these determinations with any credibility; major reforms of the current processes would be required before such a provision would be safe to add. Adding such a provision without accompanying reform of the process used to evaluate which systems qualify for the exception would eliminate much of the benefit of a requirement for voter-verified paper records. In addition, it should be expected that evaluating the security of systems that do not use voter-verified paper records will be considerably more expensive and difficult than evaluating systems that use voter-verified paper records, due to the fact that paperless systems do not record a permanent copy of the voter's intent that the voter can verify.


The aim of this study is to classify the countries according to their tourism indicators via different cluster analysis methods and compare the findings. Using classical cluster analysis and fuzzy clustering together will be more appropriate to determine the World tourism structure. In this way the findings can be interpreted more detailed and comparatively. Data obtained from website of Worldbank (3 basic international tourism statistics of 159 countries for the year 2010) and findings are gained using NCSS (statistical software) 2007. According to the findings of fuzzy clustering method, Turkey belogs to a cluster which contains ABD, United Kingdom, China, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Spain, Hong Kong, Russian Federation, and Ukraine. According to the findings of classical clustering method (k means), Turkey is in the same cluster with same countries except Hong Kong. Also the findings of two techniques are similar about Turkey. Such a result can be expected correspondingly grading the countries about international their tourism data in 2011. Different clustering methods findings are steady about Euroasian countries too. Except Russian Federation and Ukraine all of the other Euroasian countries are located together in same cluster depending upon two different clustering methods. In conclusion two different clustering methods provide consistent (similar) results about the classification of countries according their internatianol tourism statistics.


Effects of the rolling conditions (draw ratio, rolling temperature, rolling method etc.) on the orientational behaviour of crystallites and on the appearance of double texture, that is, the orthorhombic crystal and the monoclinic or twinned crystal, are investigated in terms of the pole figure obtained from x-ray diffraction measurement.The main results are as follows:(i) The sample rolled up to 2.0 of the draw ratio at 90-100°C shows the double texture of the twinned crystal.(ii) The monoclinic crystal appears in the sample drawn with the mixing roller at 40°C. The m (001) of the monoclinic crystal is parallel to the o (110) plane of the orthorhombic matrix and reverts to the o (110) plane by annealing in stretched state at 100-110°C.


The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service (AQIS) has developed new systems to enhance quarantine controls and procedures for containment facilities. AQIS engaged stakeholders throughout the development process to ensure the strengthened requirements would impose a minimal burden on industry while maintaining quarantine integrity.


Software attacks typically operate by overwriting control data, such as a return address and a function pointer, and hijacking the control flow of a program. To prevent such attacks, a number of control-flow integrity (CFI) solutions have been proposed. Nevertheless, most prior work finds difficulties in serving two ends: performance and security. In particular, protecting forward edges, i.e., indirect calls, remains challenging to solve without trading off one for another. In this work, we propose Code-Pointer Tagging (CPT), a novel dynamic CFI solution combined with cryptographic protection. Our key observation is that a pointer's message authentication code (MAC) can be associated with the pointer's CFI label used for CFI checks. We find that such an approach not only enables a space-efficient control-flow graph (CFG) storage but also achieves highly-efficient CFI checks performed along with implicit pointer authentication. To enable CPT, we implement lightweight compiler and hardware support. We prototype our design in an FPGA-accelerated RISC-V hardware simulation platform and conduct full-system-level evaluations. Our results show that CPT incurs a 1.2% average slowdown on the SPEC CPU C/C++ benchmarks while providing effective layered hardening on forward-edge CFI.


Bulgaria has requested the transfer of five Bulgarian nurses back to their home country after a Libyan court ruled that their death sentences should be commuted to life in prison.


The article presents a clinical case of difficult verification of pulmonary embolism severity and difficulty of choosing a treatment option for a patient with this disease.


The light sensitive, amide based azodyes were studied with the UV light illumination of 365 nm. Study revealed that delayed thermal back relaxation is very important for the creation of optical storage devices.It shows almost 22 seconds to convert E to Z configuration.whereas Z to E conversion takes about 6l l minutes.Presented molecule is having high potential to use in optical storage devices which needs long thermal back relaxation times.


Problem statement: Sotol is a distilled spirit made from Dasylirion spp., a plant (called sotol) that grows in the wilds of Northern Mexico a nd west Texas and New Mexico. This alcoholic beverage is produced in a similar process to the mo re common artisanal tequila and mescal. Sotol is also now beginning to achieve international recogni tion; however there are few commercial examples available, which are elaborated with poor quality a nd sensorial attributes un-defined. Approach: This is the first study which reported a chemical charac terization of the main components of six commercial sotols, establishing the correlations among the sam ples and determining the similitude levels. Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography (SPME-GC) was used to analyze the chemical compounds present in the sotols (Hacienda TM , Mesteno TM , Coyamito, Los Cuates, un-aged Alacran and rested Alacran). Results: From data obtained of the analysis of main compone nts, a total of 25 chemical compounds were found to be related with six physicochemical characteristics of sotol, explaining 66.1% of the total variance. Rested Alac ran and un-aged Alacran sotols were related by the high content of propionic acid, undecanoic acid, ac etic acid, buthanol and furfural and by the low contents of phenyl ethanol, decanoic acid and ethyl dodecanoic acid. Mesteno TM and Coyamito sotols presented an opposite chemical composition. Hacienda TM sotol contains high concentration of propanol, ethyl acetate, methyl butanol, hexadienal and low levels of ethyl decanoic acid and naftalene, chemical compounds do not found in Los cuates sotol. Conclusion: This study revealed for first time the chemical profile of the sotol demons trating the necessity to improve the elaboration process of this alcoholic beverage to offer a Mexic an product of high quality in the global market.


Extract: In 14 obese females and 9 obese males, body length was used as a base line for the detection of excess growth of lean and adipose tissue.Eighteen patients had increased lean body mass based on body water determinations (fig.1), and 40K was found to be an unreliable diagnostic agent for the prediction of lean body mass. A similar number of patients had excessive amounts of intracellular mass (fig.2). Males had an increment in total protein content within the adipose tissue mass (table IV), whereas half of the females (and all those possessing advanced bone age) had increments in muscle mass (fig.3) and in the DNA content of their musculature (fig.4). A sufficient number of female patients were studied to document two classes of obesity—one group with, and one group without advanced maturation, excess nuclei (fig.4), and reduced protein/DNA (fig.5) in the musculature.Studies of noncollagen protein in adipose tissue mass of male subjects indicated an increase in the number of adipocytes compared with those found in normal or obese females (table IV). In addition, protein and water concentrations of adipose tissue were reduced in all the obese patients studied (table III). The extracellular volume was found to be constant at 17% of body weight in obese adolescent males.Speculation: Obesity in adolescents is the result of genetic, environmental, nutritional, and hormonal factors. Over-nutrition in infancy influences hormonal secretion and produces advanced maturation and excessive cell growth in muscle (as found in this study in one group of obese females). Also, in one group of obese females, estrogens, which retard cell number increase (in the normal pubertal female), are possibly suppressed by androgens and thus allow androgen and growth hormone to exert maximal effects at the muscle level (increase of cell number).In the obese male, the superimposition of high levels of circulating insulin on androgen secretion enhances the growth of collagen and of adipocytes in the adipose tissue mass. Thus, the particular changes in body composition occurring in obesity are dependent on the sex of the individual.


Black English is a variety of English spoken by many African Americans. Most of the people consider that Black English as a badly spoken version of Standard English. Therefore, this is the reason why the syntactic feature of Black English important to analyze. The knowledge about the syntactic feature of Black English may results that people will understand and recognize Black English. This research is aimed at describing the syntactic feature of Black English that Alice Walker used in her novel and to find the most dominant feature which occurs in the novel. This research used the syntactic analysis based on Lisa J. Green's perspective. Then, the data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by downloading, reading, classifying and coding the data then analyzed by presenting the collected data, describing the used of the syntactic feature, and making a conclusion. The results of this research is the researcher found 10 syntactic features of Black English used in The Color Purple novel, they are; multiple negations, negative inversion, zero auxiliary, lack of  subject-verb agreement, ain't as negated auxiliary, lack of auxiliary in wh-question and yes-no question, existential it, aspectual be and lack of genetive-'s.

Keywords: Sociolinguistic, Black English, Syntactic Feature, The Color Purple.


We demonstrate 400-Gbps multi-core fiber based optical wireless communication using a newly developed two-dimensional photodetector array (2D-PDA). The 19-parallel beam from 19-core fiber can be successfully coupled with a 19-pixel 2D-PDA in free space.


Abstract : Papers are presented which summarize 2 technical meetings held at The Franklin Institute: (1) the Electric Initiator Symposium (Nov. 1960) which was concerned with research and development of electric initiators in general; and (2) the HERO Congress (May 1961) which dealt with research and development on the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance. Covering 65 papers, this report serves as a subject index and as a handy desktop reference. A bibliography of 15 basic initiator references is attached.