Geostatistical estimation requires the definition of geological domains by using geologic variables or structural information. The misclassification of the estimation domains may have a significant effect on the resource estimate such as dilution, oversmoothing, undersmoothing of gold grades.
In this project, detailed geological modelling coupled with statistical analysis is carried out to aid in the definition of 3 geological domains with hard boundaries. A hard boundary is characterized by an abrupt variation of grade along the boundary between two lithological contacts. The A1 reef in Akontasi east of the Tarkwa Gold mine concession was investigated out of the 7 stratified reefs. The drillhole data considered were obtained by reverse circulation and diamond drilling with ordinary kriging being the preferred estimator for the deposit.
Semi-variograms were generated for all 3 domains and estimation within the domains were cross validated and results showed a high Correlation Coefficient. An alternative case was also analyzed, where all three domains were combined and showed a low Correlation Coefficient. Results indicate that the division of the orebody into separate homogenous domains produce accurate results with a high level of confidence.


The Japanese Haiku is a way of looking at the world and seeing something deeper. In English a haiku poem consists of three lines, with the first and last line having 5 syllables, and the middle line has 7 syllables. The use of punctuation such as a dash divides the poem and prompts the reader to reflect on the relationship between the two parts. Technological Dependency comprises three haiku verses. Readers are encouraged to reflect on the deeper meaning of each verse with regard to the ethical and social issues surrounding ICT and how we might address such issues.


The present study was aimed at investigating the anti-cancer properties of the unique chemotype of Varthemia iphionoides (V. iphionoides) growing in the Judaea region (Israel). Specifically, we determined the effects of the crude ethanolic extract of V. iphionoides on the growth and viability of human cancer cell lines (SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells, BG melanoma cells, A549 lung cancer cells, and HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells). We found that the extract exhibited much stronger in vitro anti-leukemic effects on the HL-60 cells than the other cell lines tested. Importantly, both polyphenol- and flavonoid-containing fractions prepared from the extract significantly reduced the proliferation of HL-60 cells, but only the flavonoid fraction produced cytotoxic effects as well. These results suggest that V. iphionoides extract and its active components have potential therapeutic and/or preventive activity against acute myeloid leukemia.


At high temperatures the dominant relaxation process which determines the linewidths in the electron resonance spectra of flexible biradicals is modulation of the scalar electron-electron exchange interaction. In systems of high viscosity, the modulation of the exchange interaction is often quenched, and the rotational modulation of the anisotropic magnetic interactions now constitutes the principal relaxation mechanism. In this paper we derive a theoretical expression for the broadening which results from this relaxation process. The applications of the theory to the determination of molecular configurations, electron-electron separations and the sign of the exchange interaction are illustrated by comparison with the electron resonance spectrum of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinol-1-oxyl)carbonate. The theory is also of value in understanding the spectra of partially immobilized biradical spin labels.


Many efforts have been devoted to understanding how human behaviors induced by the awareness of disease influence the epidemic dynamics in multiplex networks. The awareness and virus spreading is mostly studied with the unaware-aware-unaware-susceptible-infected-susceptible (UAU-SIS) model over a given and fixed (static) network. However, the role of the spatial-temporal properties of multiplex networks to the epidemic spreading is not fully understood. In this work, a temporal multiplex network consists of a static information spreading network and a temporal physical contact network with a layer-preference walk. Defining the tendency of aware nodes moving to a specified layer as the layer preference, we focus on two scenarios: (i) the layer preference is constant, (ii) the layer preference is a function of the degree of nodes in the information layer. We deduce the epidemic threshold of such a temporal multiplex network, and validate it through numerical simulations. Moreover, we find that the epidemic threshold decreases with the decrease of the effective information spreading rate and the increase of the layer preference. Furthermore, we find that when the node with a higher degree displays a higher layer preference, the spreading process on the network is remarkably promoted. The findings shed a new light on the control of the epidemic spreading process.


Alpha Camera was developed that can identify 1.5-kBq alpha emitter in 30-sec from 1-m away. The alpha camera equips mirror optics so that the alpha-induced ultraviolet lights are transferred while gamma-ray backgrounds are removed.


Proteins represent a key class of analytes in pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis, an essential component in preclinical and clinical studies which inform about a biological system's response to drug treatment. Pharmacodynamic signatures typically comprise target engagement marker and downstream pathway markers. With recent development in targeted therapies and novel therapeutic modalities such as protein degraders, the scope of PD has widened to cover predictive and stratification biomarkers which can inform patient selection and contribute to further understanding of potential drug resistance.
 Using peptides as surrogate for proteins of interest, mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach alleviates the barriers of reagent specificity of antibody-based methods which can be affected by species and matrices used in preclinical drug development. Moreover, the use of stable-isotope labeled standard (SIS) reference peptides grants targeted MS assays unraveled specificity and the ability to determine absolute quantity of a given analyte.
 Harnessing the power of targeted MS, we present an oncology-focused assay repository which contains 804 peptides corresponding to 582 proteins. All 804 peptide surrogates were chosen under strict selection criteria such as uniqueness/proteotypicity and stability. Off-the-shelf availability (PQ500 kit) of SIS reference peptides for all 582 proteins facilitates the deployment of any of these assays in a plug-and-play manner. The collection of 582 protein targets cover > 180 cellular pathways (Reactome pathways e.g. cytokine signaling, cell-cell communication, activation of matrix metalloproteinases) together with 49 FDA-approved drug targets. To further evaluate the performance of these assays, we carried out a case control study comprising plasma samples from 5 patient groups (lung, colorectal, pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer) and age and gender-matched healthy subjects. In total, we measured absolute quantities of 582 proteins across 180 plasma samples while validating the expression profiles of well-characterized biomarkers in patient plasma.
 To conclude, we've demonstrated the application of targeted MS approach for the routine analysis of pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Its multiplexing capability, together with the adaptability to various species allow this method to maneuver through preclinical and clinical scenarios.
 Citation Format: Sebastian Müller, Véronique Laforte, Simonas Savickas, Maik Müller, Yuehan Feng, Lukas Reiter. High-throughput monitoring of proteoforms and pathways through multiplexed and customizable mass spectrometry assay panels. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5059.


Traditional medicine is often called Jamu has efficacy based on empirical therapy from the ancestral heritage. The use of traditional medicine to maintain or improve health condition are still low and just consumed by the elderly and low economic. The lack of consumption of Jamu caused by its production that requires a long process. One of the plants that have been used as medicinal plants is Kencur (Kaemferia galanga L.). Kencur traditionally used as a herbal therapies such as Beras Kencur. Therefore, this study aims to improve the health status of citizens and increase the citizens economically with the application of science and technology in the field of pharmacy through knowledge transfer to produce Beras Kencur instant into refined products that more valuable so that utilization can reach the whole community by offering healthy products, safe and simple. The method used is to provide guidance to the group through the transfer of knowledge through counseling and demonstration. The target of science and technology based Community Service Program for the Community (IbM) is Kahuripan Urban Village Society, which is not economically productive society. Results obtained from this activity is the increase of knowledge and skill of the group in the use of Jamu and how to process it, so they can produce Beras Kencur instant that more valuable.


Modern Implementation platforms are suitable for realizing complex adaptive systems that require the system to adjust its behavior to satisfy variable design goals. A prominent example is context-aware systems that are capable of automatically adapting their operations according to the dynamic system context. This work introduces a model-based design flow for a context-aware FPGA-SoC-based system in the speech enhancement domain. The proposed design flow implements the adaptive context-awareness by exploiting the runtime reconfiguration feature of the state-of-the-art FPGA-SoC devices. By employing the proposed design flow and architecture, a context-aware speech enhancement application can be implemented in such a way that it is able to change its own processing algorithm to meet runtime goals and can lead to the area reduction of the FPGA by using one hardware-accelerated algorithm at a time.


Flow resistance in open channels is usually estimated by applying the approach that is developed originally for pipe flows. Such estimates may be useful for engineering applications but always differ from measurements to some extent. This paper first summarizes empirical approaches that have been proposed in the literature to reconcile the resistance difference. These include various modifications of the pipe friction for applications to rectangular ducts and open channel flows. An improved friction equation is then derived for evaluating flow resistance of smooth rectangular open channels. Comparisons are made with experimental data reported by previous researchers and those collected in the present study. It is shown that the new proposed equation is applicable for both narrow and wide channels and is more accurate than those available in the literature.


Purpose: To determine the protective effect of puerarin against acute liver injury in septic rats, and the mechanism involved.Methods: Eighty-seven Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to control, sepsis and puerarin groups (each having 29 rats). Serum levels of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, ALT and AST were assayed. Liver lesions and levels of NO, SOD, iNOS and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using standard procedures.Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AST, ALT, NO, MDA and iNOS significantly increased in the sepsis group, while SOD level decreased significantly. In contrast, there were marked decreases in NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, AST, ALT, NO, MDA and iNOS in puerarin group, relative to the sepsis group, while SOD expression level was significantly increased (p <0.05). The level of p-p38 in liver of septic rats was up-regulated, relative to control rats, while Nrf2 significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The expression level of p-p38 in the puerarin group was significantly decreased, relative to the sepsis group, while the expression level of Nrf2 significantly increased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Puerarin mitigates acute liver injury in septic rats by inhibiting NF-kB and p38 signaling pathway, down-regulating proinflammatory factors, and suppressing oxidative stress. Thus, puerarin may be developed for use in the treatment liver injury.


This paper aims at providing an overview of Brazilian schools focusing on the development of Vygotsky's concept of Higher Mental Functions (HMF), especially in the case of students with disabilities. We often see that a lack of appropriate teacher education leads to further excluding students and others involved in the teachinglearning processes — such as the educators themselves, who feel increasingly overwhelmed by their classes of 45 to 60 students, shortage of money and governmental investment. We can even say that Brazilian official schools are immersed in a conflicted-conflicting, alienated-alienating and oppressed-oppressive contradictory reality that is increased by this exclusion-inclusion dichotomy that hinders teachers' and students' participation in dialogically organized activities [9; 30; 23]. This diminishes students' possibilities for developing HMF, which require an argumentative, critical language organization not often accessible to students whilst they continue to be educated on the receiving end of a system that is based on principles of assistance, as are the teachers. With this in mind, the text aims at answering the following question: To what extent are HMF pursued in classrooms allowing young people with(out) specific educational needs to develop (as close as possible) to their fullest potential?


Scale-model measurements on small fish are now extended to those having lengths L between 4λ and 18λ. This region is found to exhibit many wide fluctuations in the value of the acoustic backscattering cross section. The results at three frequencies are plotted on a universal graph together with those from prior work at full size. By comparison with the calculated values of the cross sections of various parts of a fish (e.g. swim bladder, vertebral column and body tissue), the relative magnitudes of their contributions to the echo from the fish can be estimated for different values of L/λ.


Introduction: The growth of qualitative evaluation There has been growing interest in using evidence-based policy as a more rational basis for decision making in public policy in various countries in the 1990s (Dopson et al . 2005). This trend has been an influence on the post-1997 New Labour government in the United Kingdom (UK) where its so-called 'modernization' of government (Cm4310 1999) seeks to improve the use of research and evidence to ascertain 'what works'. Policy making is here a continuous learning process with iterations with an improving research base to build the 'experimenting society' (Oakley 2000), first promised in the wake of pioneering evaluations into the Great Society programmes in the US in the late 1960s, then forgotten and rediscovered in the 1990s. These ideas have been prominent in the evidence-based medicine movement in healthcare. Healthcare has a strongly developed research tradition, both in traditional biomedical science (where the Cochrane Collaboration undertakes overviews or 'meta analyses' of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs)) and more recently in multidisciplinary and social science informed forms of health services research. An area of rising interest has been the evaluation of service delivery and organization in healthcare (Fulop et al . 2001), where non-traditional methods of qualitative and action research are apparent. There is increasing demand for evaluation from governmental funders, including (perhaps counterintuitively) qualitative as well as quantitative research.


Hospitals have been trying to improve the utilization of operating rooms as it affects patient satisfaction, surgery throughput, revenues and costs. Surgical prediction model which uses post-surgery data often requires high-dimensional data and contains key predictors such as surgical team factors which may not be available during the surgical listing process. Our study considers a two-step data-mining model which provides a practical, feasible and parsimonious surgical duration prediction. Our model first leverages on domain knowledge to provide estimate of the first surgeon rank (a key predicting attribute) which is unavailable during the listing process, then uses this predicted attribute and other predictors such as surgical team, patient, temporal and operational factors in a tree-based model for predicting surgical durations. Experimental results show that the proposed two-step model is more parsimonious and outperforms existing moving averages method used by the hospital. Our model bridges the research-to-practice gap by combining data analytics with expert's inputs to develop a deployable surgical duration prediction model for a real-world public hospital.


Distal femur fractures are reported to be less than 1% of all fractures and between 4 to 6 percent of all femoral fractures. Knowledge of anatomy of articular block with trapezoidal shape on axial section and anterior bowing of femur shaft is critical for operative treatment of distal femur fractures. In this prospective study, distal femoral locking compression plate was used for surgical management of these fractures to evaluate the clinico-radiologic and functional outcomes. 40 patients having 41 distal femur fractures were managed with open reduction and internal fixation using distal femur locking compression plate as per standard AO technique during period of July 2014 to September 2016. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. Average time of union was 18.23 weeks. Complications seen were delayed union in 2 cases, plate bending in one case who had an episode of seizure, was reoperated & union achieved later on and implant breakage in one case. Superficial infection was seen in 2 cases. Results were found to be excellent in 70%, good in 15%, fair in 12.5% and poor in 2.5% of the patients.


The Russian wheat aphid causes severe but sporadic damage to barley in Montana, however effective, available control measures are lacking. Plots measuring 20 × 15 ft were seeded on 19 May at the Central Agricultural Research Station, Moccasin, MT with cv. 'Haybet' barley at 50 lb/acre in 6-inch rows with a double disk drill. Six treatments (Table 1) and an untreated check were arranged as a RCB design and replicated four times. All chemicals were applied with a CO 2 -powered backpack sprayer at a rate of 8.8 gpa at 30 psi on 8 Jul. Samples were taken by harvesting 2 row-ft from each plot on 8 Jul (pre-treatment), 11 Jul (boot stage), 21 Jul (flag emergence), and 29 Jul (head emergence). The number of aphids, and percent infested tillers were determined from samples. Yield was assessed as number of heads and grain weights on 24 Aug by cutting heads from one randomly selected one meter row from each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with LSD ( P = 0.05). A mean of 56% of all tillers were infested with Russian wheat aphid from pre-treatment samples, well over the economic threshold of 10 – 20% infested tillers (Table 1). This infestation, was high enough to cause severe leaf rolling in infested leaves, and should be viewed as a late season control


There are four versions about the ancient character JIONG,and each version has its own evidence.We can infer that the original meaning for the word is granary from the ancient warehousing.JIONG in the network has no correlation with JIONG of the ancient character actually.The meaning is produced by the glyph.Its formation has certain relations with the entertainment mentality of netizens and the stress of their social life.


Aiming at the defects of the existing multi-Agent system,such as high complexity,low reliability,bad extensibility and so on,a new style of multi-Agent system based on beacon is proposed. First of all,the unique novel feature that the Agent in the system communicates only through the mode of beacon detection is pointed out. The working principle of the system and the hardware module are discussed in detail and the specific functions of each module are mastered. Secondly,the moving rules of the system are studied deeply and the algorithm of signal strength received by Agent is put forward. The conclusion that the signal strength is proportional to the square of the distance is obtained and the applicability of the proposed algorithm is proved. Finally,the moving rules are verified through the simulation.


The excess adsorption isotherms of methanol-water and acetonitrile-water mixtures are compared for C 4 , C 8 , and C 18 types of reversed-phase adsorbents with the same type of silica support (Hypersil). Adsorption behavior of the organic modifier is also measured for three different types of C 8 adsorbents (Bakerbond, Supelcosil, and Hypersil) and on the Ultracarb-ODS at different temperatures. It is shown that the adsorption behavior of acetonitrile for all types of bonded phases is similar, but that of methanol shows an obvious dependence on the alkyl chain length of the bonded phase


With the social competition becoming more and more intense,the pressure in various aspects withstood by university students is getting increasingly great,and more and more psychological problems are appearing.Therefore we should analyze university students'psychological problems scientifically and take effective intervention countermeasures correspondingly,which is helpful to improve their psychological quality comprehensively,and to further prevent crisis events from happening.


The growing interest in the teleworking phenomenon has inspired research in disciplines ranging from transportation and urban planning, ethics, law, sociology, and organizational studies. Despite the great advances on the theme, it is observed in the Management literature 1 Fundação Getúlio Vargas EAESP. 2 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 3 Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. v.29


Objective To analyse genetic distribution of type and subtype of influenza virus,and to study the genetic features of hemagglutinin( HA) and neuraminidase( NA) of influenza B virus. Methods All 2442 throat swabs,collected from influenza-like patients in 2 influenza sentry hospitals,were detected by real-time one step RT-PCR. A total of 27 strains of influenza B virus were isolated in Jinan from 2009 to 2012. The genes of hemagglutinin 1( HA1) and neuraminidase( NA) were sequenced and analysed by phylogenetic comparison and genetic diversity using the bioinformatics software. Results Influenza B virus was the dominant type from 2010 to 2012. The genetic analysis of HA1 gene revealed that 16 strains were included in Victoria branch and 11 strains were included in Yamagata branch. The gene mutation rate of Victoria-like HA1 gene was 1. 6% and Yamagata-like HA1 gene was 0. 9%,respectively. Comparing the Victoria-like HA1 gene strains with the vaccine strain B /Brisbane /60 /200,12 sites of amino acid mutation were found. Comparing the Yamagata-like HA1 gene strains with the vaccine strain B /Florida /4 /2006,9 sites of amino acid mutation were found. The genetic analysis of NA gene revealed that all viruses were included in the Yamagata branch. The NA genes of either Victoria-like HA1 gene strains or Yamagata-like HA1 gene strains were Yamagata origin. The genes that came from three branches in NA gene phylogenetic tree had 53 sites of amino acid mutation compared with the vaccine strain B /Yamagata /16 /1988. Conclusions The influenza B virus isolated from 2009 to 2012 have changed in genetic character.


We provide a historical (genealogical) study of the changes in discourses on adult education since the famous UNESCO conference in Montreal, to present day texts of the European Union on lifelong learning. We also analyse how these changing global discourses on lifelong learning have travelled – through the hegemony of English language – to local situations, such as in Flanders. In the case of Flanders, they have paradoxically contributed to a significant counter-professionalisation of the early years workforce. This genealogical case study also shows how research, policy and practice are closely intertwined in their contribution to this paradox. The study shows that genealogical approaches are useful to show both how international influences need to be considered in a globalised world, but also how specific local 'hybridisations' of these discourses are constructed.


In this contribution, we propose an alternative Hall thruster architecture that shifts the ionization and acceleration regions outside the cavity. This unconventional design is here termed a "Wall-Less Hall Thruster". A 200 W-class prototype with permanent magnets has been developed and tested with two anode variants. Experimental results concerning the thruster operation, discharge oscillations, electric field distribution and ionization zone characteristics are presented and discussed. Preliminary experiments show the magnetized discharge can be moved outside the cavity without drastically disturbing the ion production and acceleration. A wall-less Hall thruster, with an external electric field, could offer significant benefits in terms of integration, operating envelope and lifetime. As the thrust is generated outside, the dielectric channel can be considerably shortened, leading to economies in mass and volume. Furthermore, plasma interaction with the walls will have been significantly reduced. The cavity material will therefore have less influence on the thruster performance, and more importantly, operation at high voltage is presumably possible and lifetime can be extended.


The dynamics of many large-scale robotic formation systems, including structured systems as well as some random scale-free networks of agents, can be accurately described using fractional-order differential equations. A fractional-order differential equation can contain derivative terms with non-integer order, e.g., the one-half derivative. This paper demonstrates that the fractional order of the dynamics of a system may be a potentially powerful new way to monitor the operational status of such systems. When the order of the system changes, it can indicate an important change in the status of the system. Integer-order models will never exhibit a change in order because the order is dictated by a natural first principle and the structure of the system. For this reason, traditional health monitoring tools essentially focus on identifying parameter variations in a mathematical description of the system, but not changes in order. When fractional-order models are considered, the infinite number of possible real-valued orders between any two integer orders may capture essential changes in the system's dynamics. This paper provides an example of such changes, provides a theoretical justification for the approach, and explores possible limitations to the approach.


PURPOSE: A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display is provided to utilize advantages of a TN(Twisted Nematic) mode and an FFS(Fringe Field Switching) mode, thereby improving viewing angle characteristics with a stable structure. CONSTITUTION: A lower substrate(31) and an upper substrate(38) are separately arranged. A plate type counter electrode(32) and slit type pixel electrodes(34) are formed to form a fringe field on an inner surface of the lower substrate. A liquid crystal layer(36) is interposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate. A lower alignment film(35) is formed between the lower substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and an upper alignment film(37) is formed between the liquid crystal layer and the upper substrate. The lower alignment film and the upper alignment film are rubbed to cross each other at an angle of 90 deg. A polarizing film and analyzing film are attached to an outer surface of the lower substrate and an outer surface of the upper substrate respectively.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic abnormalities with the main feature of which is the increase in blood glucose levels, hyperglycaemia. Diabetic foot ulcers is the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus is caused debridement or amputation. Objective: The aim of this scientific work is to be able to understand more about the nursing care post ulcer debridement diabetes mellitus, include: assessment, making nursing diagnosis, planning, nursing actions and evaluate nursing care in patients with diabetes mellitus ulcer debridement post in hospital wards Gladiolus Upper Sukoharjo. Results: after the nursing care for 3 x 8 hours is obtained, complaints of pain in the client decreased from 5 to 2, the absence of signs of infection, the patient's basic needs are met. Conclusion: based on existing cases are able to be enforced three diagnoses of acute pain associated with surgical incision, damage the integrity of the skin associated with diabetes mellitus post ulcer debridement, the risk of infection associated with ulcer debridement post diabetes melitus and third diagnosis of partially resolved. The need for further cooperation between clients, families and health professionals.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, post debridement, pain, skin integrity, the risk of infection.


Response:

We are grateful to Drs Hefzy and Mitsias for their letter. Although we concur that hemorrhagic transformation after successful reperfusion is a potential contributor to the disjunction between recanalization rates and rates of better outcomes on binary measures in trials of intra-arterial fibrinolysis, we think it unlikely to be a major factor. As the 2 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tissue plasminogen activator trials and the Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging Evaluation For Understanding …


Back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN is used in ball backward spinning in order to form thin-walled tubular parts with longitudinal inner ribs. By selecting the process parameters which have a great influence on the height of inner ribs as well as fish scale on the surface of the spun part, a BPANN of 3-8-1 structure is established for predicting the height of inner rib and recognizing the fish scale defect. Experiments data have proved that the average relative error between the measured value and the predicted value of the height of inner rib is not more than 5%. It is evident that BPANN can not only predict the height of inner ribs of the spun part accurately,but recognize and prevent the occurrence of the quality defect of fish scale successfully, and combining BPANN with the ball backward spinning is essential to obtain the desired spun part.


Leading edge of the gas turbine blades is subjected to highest temperature. Jet impingement cooling is an efficient technique for leading edge blade cooling. In this present study, a single baseline cylindrical hole and the proposed converging conical hole is numerically investigated for convective heat transfer using CFD code, STAR CCM+. The converging angle of the conical hole is 20°and the ratio of diameter is equal to two. The hole diameter is 2.15 cm and the study is carried out at Reynolds number ranging from 11000 to 50000 for a jet impinging length of R/2. The target surface is maintained at constant heat flux of 10000 W/m 2 .Steady-state simulations are performed using Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equation along with kω-SST turbulence model for closure. Based on the Nusselt number and temperature distribution, converging conical hole is observed to give a better heat transfer thereby cooling the blades effectively. Around 186 % increase in Nu and 13% decrease in surface temperature of the concave surface is observed at jet impingement point for Re = 23000.


To deal with the disadvantages of huge lighting energy-consumption and discomfortable driving sense in the entrance of tunnel,micro controller unit(MCU) is presented to control lighting on the basis of brightness sensors,which meets the needs that the drivers adjust pupils for light adaptation and dark adaptation in the entrance of tunnel.By this method,it not only makes traffic driving more comfortable,but also makes the tunnel running more economical.


The spine is a long column of 33 small back bones called vertebrae that are connected together by strong fibrous ligaments and shock-absorbing fibrous discs. The spine is part of the skeleton. The spine supports the weight of the body, allows the torso to move, anchors many of the muscles, and protects the spinal cord from damage. The spine is also called the vertebral column, spinal column, or backbone.


Traditional deception-based cyber defenses often undertake reactive strategies that utilize decoy systems or services for attack detection and information gathering. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these defense mechanisms has been largely constrained by the low decoy fidelity, the poor scalability of decoy platform, and the static decoy configurations, which allow the attackers to identify and bypass the deployed decoys. In this paper, we develop a decoy-enhanced defense framework that can proactively protect critical servers against targeted remote attacks through deception. To achieve both high fidelity and good scalability, our system follows a hybrid architecture that separates lightweight yet versatile front-end proxies from back-end high-fidelity decoy servers. Moreover, our system can further invalidate the attackers' reconnaissance through dynamic proxy address shuffling. To guarantee service availability, we develop a transparent connection translation strategy to maintain existing connections during shuffling. Our evaluation on a prototype implementation demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in defeating attacker reconnaissance and shows that it only introduces small performance overhead.


ABSTRACT In this study, acrylic acid–based superabsorbent copolymers were synthesized with different comonomers (PEGs) by inverse suspension polymerization technique. The said superabsorbent copolymers were obtained from the aqueous solution of monomers dispersed in a continuous organic phase. The inverse suspension polymerization was accomplished by the use of aqueous solutions of partly neutralized acrylic acid with a predetermined crosslinker agent/monomer ratio in cyclohexane. Sorbitan monostearate was used as a surfactant, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) either as a comonomer or a crosslinking agent, potassium persulfate as the initiator, and polyethylene glycols (PEG 200, PEG 1000, PEG 4000) were used as pore-making agents. The copolymers (SAPs) were characterized by IR spectroscopy and SEM micrographs. Effect of PEGs on the water absorption capacity, rate of absorption to reach equilibrium, and the time needed to release the water absorbed from the gels were investigated. It was observed that the copolymer based on EGDM-Na acrylate + PEG4000 (A3) gave better results than the other copolyemrs.


This paper investigates the vibration suppression by stiffness variation. First, optimal on-off control logic for a single-degree- of-freedom variable-stiffness system is proposed. A control logic for a multiple-degree-of-freedom system with multiple variable-stiffness elements is also proposed. As an example of a variable-stiffness system, a string whose tension is controllable is studied. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control logic. Next, a dry friction is shown to vary the tension of a string in the same way as this active control when the longitudinal stiffness is high, realizing a passive vibration suppression. The performance of the passive system is studied. To overcome the disadvantages of the passive system, a semiactive control is proposed, that controls the frictional force. Numerical simulations and an experiment demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness, although it is primitive.


A new multi-parameter optimal inversion method for jet ratio and jet angle is established by coupling data-driven model theory with variable density anisotropic turbulent buoyant jet model in this paper. In this method, firstly the multi-parameter matching cases of jet ratio and jet angle are computed by the jet model, and the solution space of internal observation site in the computation waters is constructed by numerical simulation results. Secondly, the nonlinear relationship between state variables (dilution degree) and control variables (model multi-parameter) is established by data-driven model theory. Finally the optimal solution is obtained by inputting the needed dilution degree to the relationship. The numerical results show that multi-parameter optimal coupled inversion method is efficient for the optimal jet parameters and has advantages of jet water mixing with environment water.


For the generation of short high power pulses in many applications, power modulators based on capacitor discharge are used, where the peak power is drawn from the input capacitor bank. In order to continuously recharge the energy buffer during operation at a lower average power, usually power supplies connected to the mains are used. Due to the worldwide variation in mains voltages and the desired ability to adapt the capacitor voltage of the modulator, the power supply has to support a wide input and output voltage range, whereby the supply should draw a sinusoidal current from the mains due to EMI regulations. Additionally, depending on the modulator concept also a galvanic isolation has to be provided. In order to achieve the mentioned specifications for the considered power supply a combination of a AC-DC and DC-DC converter is proposed, whereas the mains voltage is rectified by a three-phase buck-boost converter to 400Vdc and thereafter an isolated DC-DC converter charges the input capacitor bank of the power modulator up to 3.5 kV. This paper focuses on the basic operation and the design of the 3.5kV/11kW isolated DC-DC converter, which includes transformer design, efficiency-volume optimization and components selection. There, compared to the well-known flyback converter the proposed full-bridge based topology results in a much higher efficiency and power density.


This study sought to determine how the practice of chess can be used as a pedagogical tool in a second year of elementary school, a state school education in Caxias do Sul, and their contribution in developing the moral aspects the students. It is known that the games are very important in learning and development of students, and practice of chess provides among other abilities, reflection, concentration, strategy, respecting the rules, and can be practiced regardless of age and sex, and have not contraindications. The lessons of chess to 28 students began in May 2010 and conducted in a specific room, on Tuesdays and lasted approximately 45 minutes. As a methodology, classes were taught by means of intervention activities, lifting of problem situations, explanations about the rules of the game, the moves and catches parts, activities, memorization of movements, and pre-game introductory sports and the game of chess itself. Also in all classes was emphasized respect for rules, the importance of respect for others and other aspects related to attitudes and values essential to the practice of games and sports. We believe that the practice of chess school has assisted in student learning, whether in the moral aspects and relationships, as well as subsidies for the other disciplines, and prove effective at creating links between knowledge experienced in teaching and coexistence learners, thereby strengthening the relevant pedagogical importance of a chess game.


A device comprises two halves hinged or separable with an interior lined with a removable compressible material 4, double rim washers adjacent to each end, and hand-fastened butterfly locks 3. The device is designed to be placed around a broken or otherwise leaking pipe and to provide an immediate seal when the butterfly nuts 3 are tightened so as to prevent further water (or other liquid) outflow. More than one layer of compressible material may be provided. The device may be placed about a straight or curved pipe or a sheared pipe to cap the latter.


the United States to data from Connecticut.'-' Between 1941 and 1956, the crude five-year survival rate was 47 per cent to 49 per cent. With adjustments for the anticipated mor tality from other causes, the relative survival rate also has remained stable at 53 per cent to 55 per cent. A recent comparison of five year survival in Connecticut and in Cali fornia is given in Figure 4, and indicates no significant improvement between the results achieved during the 1940's and during the 1950's.'14


ABSTRACT During our study we identified 53 prey items in the trophic spectrum of Bombina bombina, 124 prey items in the diet of Bufo bufo and 95 prey items in the diet of Epidalea viridis. The average number of prey items per stomach is as follows: Bombina bombina - 7.57, Bufo bufo - 9.0 and Epidalea viridis - 13.57. In all studied species the most important prey category is Coleoptera. Other important prey animals are Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Dermaptera as well as non-insect invertebrates (Gastropoda and Arachnida) which also play significant role. All toads consume almost only terrestrial prey. The trophic niche breadths for the three species are as follows: Bombina bombina - 5.40, Bufo bufo - 4.47 and Epidalea viridis - 2.42. The estimated trophic niche overlap between the species is moderate (58.82% - 63.72%) and probably there is no or insignificant competition for food resources between them in the places with sympatric distribution. All studied species are polyphagous zoophages, like other amphibian species and they are probably consuming all mobile objects which they come in contact with and can swallow.


This paper expands our knowledge of how social and physical threat appeals influence adolescent attitudes towards smoking and intentions to either quit or not engage into smoking. This research describes how mechanisms of coping response classification can regulate and estimate responses to physical and social threat appeals. Perceived threat of smoking makes attitudes to smoking more negative only for social threats, while perceived efficacy reduces both attitudes and intentions in the case of both threats. The studies show that both physical and social threats may work in different groups.


Bengkala Village in Buleleng Regency has been known as an area that is home to people with a hearing impairment. Their inability to communicate verbally like people in general does not make a group of people with disabilities unable to work. In this community service activity, people with disabilities in Bengkala Village are given training and guidance to produce incense that can be sold to people around and outside the village. Incense as a daily necessity product for the Balinese Hindu community, is a prospective business opportunity to be developed. Understanding the limitations of the people with disabilities, the accompanying method provided is the plasma system. As adopted Law No. 9 of 1995, this assistance was provided with an understanding of the conditions of the community, that's why, the directive approach is applied to community service activities. In its application, a directive approach is applied by adopting a plasma core pattern. Through the plasma method, the community is given technical guidance on production to be able to produce the expected number of products, both quality and quantity, it is about 20 kilograms per day. Key words: Bengkala Village, business, disability, group, insence


We present unusual retained remnants of hidden conjoined twin of possible abdominal pagus after 21 years who presented with abdomenpain and incidentally have found his forbidden conjoined twin. He presented for many years with a palpable epigastric mass, and recent abdominal pain, early satiety, nausea and vomiting. The mass was a like deformed fetus weighing 815 gr who was anencephalic and deprived of viscera but there was a distinct vascular connection through the right limb. Microscopic examination revealed a normal epidermis with melanocytes overlying dermis with mature adnexa. The fetus plain film after surgery showed a rather complete skeletal system. All above findings were in favor of fetus in fetus, a rare congenital entity in which a nonviable parasitic fetus grows within the body of its twin.


In previous publications, I have defined Artificial Life as "Life made by Man rather than by Nature." However, the more I have explored what it means to be "made by man rather than by nature," the more I have become unhappy with the fundamental distinction we make between "The Natural" and "The Artificial." In this paper, I retrace my thinking about this distinction, which now seems quite odd to me, and consider the implications for our understanding of life if we were to drop this distinction altogether.


In this paper, stress concentration factors (SCFs), in-plane displacements and transverse deflection in orthotropic as well as in isotropic plates with central circular cutouts were studied. This study was made by using a quadrilateral finite element with thirty-two degrees of freedom. The element is a combination of a linear isoparametric membrane element and a high precision rectangular Hermitian element. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the accuracy of the present element for analyzing the effect of (d/b) ratio (where (d) is hole diameter and (b) is plate width) upon (SCFs), in-plane displacements and transverse deflection in isotropic and orthotropic plates under different in-plane and transverse static loading conditions. Also, in order to understand the effect of the support conditions on the transverse deflection, different plates with various (d/b) ratios are studied. The variations of in-plane displacements, stress concentration factor and transverse deflection with respect to (d/b) ratio are presented in graphical form and discussed. The numerical results obtained by the present element are compared favorably with the analytic solutions, which demonstrate the accuracy of the present element.


This paper focuses on the effect of the trade and investment relationship between U.S. as well as Japan and the two straits on the development of cross-strait trade under the background of economy globalization. The estimated results show that the U.S. puts a positive impact on the cross-strait trade via exporting its products to Taiwan,while its investment and trade relationship with mainland China produce no remarkable impact. Japan puts a negative impact on the cross-strait trade via investing mainland,and at the same time,the cross-strait trade has an inverse impact on the investment and export from Japan to Taiwan. This paper also gives the theoretical and practical explanation to these econometrical results.


Samples of environmental air monitoring were analyzed for determining inorganic elements in TSP and PM10 using ICP-MS.About 15 elements connected with air pollution were studied regarding the seasonal variation of their concentrations in the particulates.


Rapid authentification of certified chicken meat: distinguishing slow and fast growing chicken strains using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Chicken meat market is characterized by numerous quality marks in Belgium and in Europe: "Label de Qualite Wallon" in Belgium, "Label Rouge" in France, Labels for geographical origin, organic agriculture, ... The authors have already tested, Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to authenticate slow growing chicken meats. Their study was extended on a larger set and takes account of special labelling according to European regulation 91/1538/CEE. Our results show that the technique could be integrated in an analytical system of surveillance of slow-growing chicken meat products with quality mark.


This paper summarizes winter oceanographic measurements in the Spitsbergen fjords. The measurements allow us to analyze different processes that occur in the fjords covered with ice: semidiurnal tides, tsunami wave, wind waves, seiches, and high-frequency internal waves. Space and time scales of these processes were compared and the frequency spectra of the surface manifestations of these waves have been plotted on one graph. This is the e-book version of the article, published in Russian Journal of Earth Sciences (doi:10.2205/2016ES000561). It is generated from the original source file using LaTeX's epub.cls class.


The claimed subject matter relates to medical devices, more particularly, to an X-ray, and is intended for use in medical X-ray machines, designed for the study of both soft tissue and bony structures. The purpose of this paper is to provide X-ray diagnostic unit with a cathode tube, equipped with a mechanism for fine adjustment of the focus of the actual tube size. Technical result of utility model which seeks to ensure the possibility of fine adjustment of the actual focus X-ray tube sizes. It is achieved by the fact that the X-ray diagnostic tube comprising an evacuated flask, inside which are hot cathode with a focusing screen made from metal with a tungsten filament, and an anode connected to the external electrical contacts, intended for connection to a transformer filament and high voltage transformer, between the focusing screen and the anode, at a distance of 3-5 mm from the focusing screen, set the electrostatic lens is made of metal in the form of a ring with a diameter 1,2l-1,4l, where l - length of the filament, centered on a line passing through the median point of the filament, parallel to the geometric axis of the flask, and the metal ring connected to the electric wire with an external terminal used for connecting to the negative pole stabilized voltage controllable electrical source from 0 to 3000, the positive pole of which is connected to the contact connected to the filament.


To satisfy the performance of a large electro-optical telescope,the hardware composition and software interface of the relevant azimuth and elevation servo system are designed in this paper,the simulations of the servo control system are also analyzed,and the results are verified.According to measuring the characteristic of this system,the increment PID algorithm is adopted.The actual results imply that the servo control system can satisfy the need of performances,and its stability and responsibility are also proved.


In this paper a D unsteady vortex lattice model to compute aerodynamic coe cients using time domain eigenmode analysis is presented A computationally e cient technique for constructing a reduced order model of unsteady ow about a low aspect ratio wing modeled as a cantilever plate of constant thickness is presented Analysis demonstrates that limit cycle oscillations of the order of the plate thickness are possible The eigenmodes of the system which may be considered as aerodynamic states are computed and subsequently used to construct a computationally e cient reduced order model of an unsteady ow eld Only a handful of the most dominant eigenmodes are retained in the reduced order model The e ect of the remaining eigenmodes is included approximately using a static correction technique An advantage of the present method is that once the eigenmode information has been computed the reduced order model can be constructed for any number of arbitrary modes of wing motion very inexpensively The method is particularly well suited for use in the active control of aeroelastic phenomena as well as in standard aeroelastic analysis for utter or gust response Finally a numerical example is presented that demonstrates the accuracy and computational e ciency of the present method


From different perspectives,scholars have conducted a plenty of research on citizen participation,such as the meaning and significance of citizen participation,the approaches and methods of citizen participation,the existing problems and countermoves of citizen participation and so on.Scholars studied the approaches and methods of citizen participation from three perspectives of administrative science,politics,and community governance,and studied the existing problems and countermoves of citizen participation at three levels of citizen,society and government.


In order to induce chromodacryorrhea observed in pantothenic acid-deficient rats and also to obtain informations on the regulation of porphyrin biosynthetic pathway in the rat Harderian gland, the effect of hepatic porphyria-inducing chemicals, especially chlorinated benzenes, on porphyrin biosynthetic pathway in the Harderian gland of rat was examined and the following results were obtained. None of the chemicals tested induced the expected chromodacryorrhea. The rat Harderian gland was resistant to the induction of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-synthetase by hepatic porphyria-inducing chemicals, expected for a few compounds such as lower CB compounds. There was a remarkable difference between the Harderian gland and the liver in the responsiveness of ALA-synthetase and ALA-dehydratase to hepatic porphyria-inducing chemicals.


Antisera were raised in rabbits against a partially purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation from human postmenopausal gonadotropin (HMG). Apparently serologically specific antiserum to human urinary FSH was secured from these antisera by repeated absorption with normal human serum, urinary extract from hypophysectomized subjects and a potent luteinizing hormone (LH) fraction of HMG. The specific antiserum inhibited in vivo increases in the rat ovary weight caused by FSH preparations from human pituitary glands, sera and nonpregnant urines. Immunologic interrelationships between postmenopausal urinary FSH (HMGFSH) and various gonadotropic preparations were examined by quantitative micro-complement fixation with the specific antiserum. The immunologic indices of dissimilarity for the human gonadotropins studied were found to be as follows: HMGFSH 1.00; HMG 1.03; male urinary FSH 1.05; serum gonadotropin 1.39; HCG 1.68; pituitary FSH 2.03. Biological and immunologic determinations of several ...


The Regulation of eIF4F During Cell Growth and Cell Death.- Regulation of the Activity of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors in Stressed Cells.- Initiation Factor eIF2? Phosphorylation in Stress Responses and Apoptosis.- Elongation Factor-2 Phosphorylation and the Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Calcium.- Phosphorylation of Mammalian eIF4E by Mnk1 and Mnk2: Tantalizing Prospects for a Role in Translation.- Control of Translation by the Target of Rapamycin Proteins.


Microfluidics is an emerging field with various applications. In situ analysis of liquids inside microfluidic channels is an important research subject for any of these applications. On the other hand, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR) is a strong surface detection method. Recently, there have been various attempts to use ATR‐IR for detection of liquids inside microfluidic channels. Micromachined silicon ATR‐IR (μSi‐ATR‐IR) is an emerging analytical tool for micro/nanofluidics. This paper reviews μSi‐ATR‐IR micro/nanofluidics detection devices and discusses the application fields, capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages of the method.


The objective of this study is to study the effects of the addition of TiO2 and microcrystalline cellulose on properties of packaging films based on biodegradable polymer blends. Biocompositions of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) - Microcrystalline Cellulose were prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion using of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene as compatibilizer and TiO2 as pro-oxidative additives. Polyethylene wax was used as processing aid to ease the blown film process. The presence of large amount of microcrystalline cellulose contents had a divergent effect on the tensile properties of Cellulose-PE blend. However, the addition of compatibilizer to the blends improved the interfacial bonding between the two materials. High amount of cellulose also was found to upsurge the rate of biodegradability of Cellulose-PE composite films. The burst strength and soil burry test of this composite film was also improved. It suggest that this film can be used for packaging film which can degraded up to certain extend.


Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) is an important Rabiseason oilseed crop which belongs to family crucifereae (Brassicaceae) and genus Brassica. Indian mustard or brown mustard is natural amphidiploids having chromosome no. (2n=36) with its origin place is China. It is self-pollinated crop but certain amount (2-15%) of cross pollination occurs due to insects and other factors. Mustard is cool season crop, which requires temperature range from 6 to 27°C, mustard follows C3 pathway for carbon assimilation and at this temperature the plant achieve maximum CO2 assimilation range. Mustard is generally grown under rain fed conditions and moderately tolerant to soil acidity. It requires well drained soil having pH near to neutral. Mustard has a low water requirement (240– 400 mm) which fits well in the rain fed cropping system. Nearly 20% area of mustard is under rain fed condition. Its seeds are known by different names in different places International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


In this study, we propose a Bayesian model that can jointly estimate the number of senses of words and their changes through time.The model combines a dynamic topic model on Gaussian Markov random fields with a logistic stick-breaking process that realizes Dirichlet process. In the experiments, we evaluated the proposed model in terms of interpretability, accuracy in estimating the number of senses, and tracking their changes using both artificial data and real data.We quantitatively verified that the model behaves as expected through evaluation using artificial data.Using the CCOHA corpus, we showed that our model outperforms the baseline model and investigated the semantic changes of several well-known target words.


Through the analysis 0f natural frequencies and three common modes of airborne electronics equipment,the vibration problems of airborne electronics equipment are discussed.The rigidity of electronics equipment can be calculated based on natural frequencies.Through optimized design of section shape and size of structure,the location of contact force,prevention of vibration coupling,reduction of concentrated stress,the reinforced design of electronics equipment is achieved,the rigidity and natural frequencies is increased.the antivibration capability and reliability of electronics equipment are increased.


This study aims to identify the types of directive illocutionary acts by Searle and perlocutionary acts by Austin, which occur in the novel The Girl Who Fell Beneath the Sea by Axie Oh. The researcher used descriptive-qualitative method. The data of this study were taken from 282 utterances containing directive illocutionary acts. The first result shows that only seven of the eleven types of directive illocutionary acts were found; ask (175), beg (11), command (8), demand (29), command (36), ask (8), and warn (15). The results of these two studies showed two types of perlocutionary acts, namely successful (175) and unsuccessful (107).


The study research presented hereafter shows a new methodology to reveal traces of Viral particles thanks to their own chemical structure such as phosphate group PO4, a group making up part of the structure of RNA, a type of nucleic acid, such as in a virus, in an open space or a closed ambient (typically an airport hall) detecting sub-atomic particles interactions with the air due to Cosmic Rays, an Outer Space free source. This is constructed with the use of adequate detectors (under development) looking in particular at the peculiar interactions of muons, cosmic rays relativistic particle segment, with the no living matter present as aerosol in the air.


The preparation of bimetallic nanoporous networks (BNNs) that combine the high surface area and thermal stability of inorganic nanostructures with the unique catalytic properties of bimetallic systems is highly desirable. Here we show a simple and highly versatile approach for synthesis of Pt–Re BNN and demonstrate the influence of preparation conditions on the BNN structure, composition, and catalytic reactivity. Pt–Re BNN was prepared by reduction of double complex [Pt(NH3)4][Re(Cl6)] salt crystals, in which two oppositely charged metal complexes are evenly distributed in each unit cell in a 1:1 ratio. Exposure of the salt crystals to reducing conditions induced the evaporation of the inorganic ligands, collapse of the salt structure, and reduction of the metal ions for the formation of high-surface-area Pt–Re BNNs. Single-particle X-ray fluorescence tomography and various ensemble-based spectroscopy measurements (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy) identified t...


The soft matter field considers a wide class of objects such as liquids, polymers, gels, colloids, liquid crystals and biological macromolecules, which have complex internal structure and conformat ...


With the introduction of ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 registration schemes in the past decade and a half, the application of quality and environmental audits has soared. Namely, the audits are used to verify compliance of quality and environmental management systems with the ISO standards. However, concerns have been raised in recent years about the usefulness of such an application for continuous business improvement, inconsistencies of audit processes and results, and the value of compliance audits in understanding complexities of business systems. In order to address concerns of a like kind, this paper advocates the implementation of the systems approach in auditing. The purpose is twofold. Firstly, it is to illustrate how various interrelationships among audit elements essentially form a unique, underlying, integrated and generic audit system. Secondly, the paper addresses the advantages of using the systems approach in auditing. This includes a more dynamic and adaptive audit, harmonization and integration of discipline-specific audits and corresponding audit guidelines, as well as a sound conceptualization of audit quality, reliability and maintainability.


As a preliminary to a larger scale dialect study, variability in the perception of the four Mandarin lexical tones by native speakers with different regional dialect backgrounds was examined. In a novel sociophonetic survey of the ascription of pitch descriptors to tones, respondents rated the applicability of descriptors of pitch contour and height to recordings of tones on a 5-point Likert scale. Each submission also contained metadata which included self-reported experience with a regional variety of Chinese. The results showed differences in variability between pitch contour and pitch height descriptors, as well as some dependence between descriptor scores and regional dialect background, due to categorial tone perception. A number of statistical and visualisation techniques were applied, including a set of hierarchical classifiers with dendrogram visualisation for comparison with actual dialect relations. The results indicate that the sociophonetic survey method is fit for purpose but needs more data in a more extensive sociophonetic study.


Color difference research has recently culminated in the creation of the CIEDE2000 color difference equation. This equation has been shown to accurately predict perceived differences between simple stimuli on a solid background. A similar metric is desired to predict differences of complex stimuli, such as color images. Such a metric would be useful for predicting both threshold and supra-threshold differences. Threshold prediction is valuable for determining if two images are perceptually different, such as an original and a compressed image. Supra-threshold prediction can determine the magnitude of differences between two images, a precursor to perceived image quality. There are several existing spatial-contrast threshold models, though these models tend to ignore color and magnitude information. This presentation details a modular framework for a color image difference metric, based upon CIE color difference formulas. Some of the modules described include spatial filtering (similar to S-CIELAB), spatial frequency adaptation, local attention filtering, local and global contrast compensation, and visual masking. The ability to predict both threshold and magnitude errors can be combined with traditional psychophysical image scaling experiments to create a metric of perceived image quality.


christian theism and the problems of philosophy is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the christian theism and the problems of philosophy is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Simultaneous stripping and solvent extraction offer the possibility of removing and isolating ammonia from sour waters with less steam consumption. Liquid cation exchangers were found to be effective for extraction of ammonia under those conditions. Among the liquid cation exchangers considered, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) appeared to have the most favorable pro perties. Addition of modifiers to diluents for D2EHPA profoundly affects a number of important solvent properties and affords an avenue toward solvent improvement. Acid modifiers, such as alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids, solvate the D2EHPA-ammoni,um ion pair and thereby increase the degree of extraction of ammonia, reduce aqueous-solubility losses of D2EHPA, improve phase-separation properties, and decrease the volatility of ammonia upon solvent regeneration. Basic amine modifiers complex with D2EHPA, and thereby decrease the degree of ammonia extraction, reduce aqueous-solubility losses of D2EHPA, and increase the volatility of ammonia upon sol vent regeneration. These effects have been demonstrated and interpreted through complexation models. Preliminary cost analyses indicate that the dominant factors are steam costs for solvent regeneration and costs of replacing extractant lost by aqueous solubility.


A study was conducted to analyze the seasonal vascular wall floristic composition of the Banaras Hindu University Campus, India spreading over 1,300 acres of land area. A total of 119 vascular wall flora was recorded, of which only one species was represented by pteridophyte. No any species of Gymnosperm was observed as wall flora in the University Campus. The Angiospermic wall flora was represented by 111 Genera belonging to 34 different families. The Asteraceae, Poaceae and Amaranthaceae were the dominant families of the wall flora of the Banaras Hindu Campus. Majority of the non-woody wall flora appear in rainy and winter seasons of the year. Among the woody perennials, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Ficus glomerata and Ficus racemosa were the most common wall flora of the Banaras Hindu University Campus.


The antiproliferative activities of 12-oxoheteronemin and heteronemin were evaluated in six cancer cell lines and IC50 values ranging from 0.66 to 1.35 μM were obtained. In four of the cell lines, 12-oxoheteronemin and heteronemin were equipotent; however, in two estrogenic receptor-positive cell lines, heteronemin showed a stronger potency. Both compounds had no overt effects on cell cycle distribution in HeLa cells, but did rapidly initiate apoptosis as evidenced by increased sub-G1 populations of cells and caspase-dependent PARP cleavage.


The intensities of the forbidden v 1-IR and v 2-Raman bands of CS2 in CS2 neat liquid and binary mixtures of CS2 with various perturbing molecules are studied experimentally. The combined effect of temperature and perturber concentration is investigated. The results indicate that the local environmental symmetry does not vary much within the liquid range.


The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) identified the need to provide Fort Benning, Georgia (and eventually other military installations) with immediately usable and effective models that can be implemented for compliance and long-term watershed planning and management. The subject of this paper is a SERDP-funded project that focuses on the development of a watershed modeling system for Fort Benning, GA using the U.S. EPA BASINS framework. The objective of this four-year effort is to identify, adapt, and develop watershed management model(s) for Fort Benning that address impacts on watershed hydrology, sediment, water quality and related ecosystem processes and outcomes resulting from military activities and natural resources management. The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC05) decisions realigned thousands of additional troops and hundreds of military vehicles to Fort Benning and other military facilities, increasing the impact of military operations on the base watersheds. Soils within the Fort Benning watersheds, in general, are highly erodible, and a number of streams are currently listed as sediment impaired under the Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d). The demands of BRAC05 have direct impacts on runoff, sediment and pollutant generation and transport throughout the watershed. Prudent planning is needed using analysis methods capable of linking land disturbance activities to sediment washoff, and instream impacts on water quality and ecological endpoints. During the first two years of this project, a baseline Fort Benning Watershed Model was developed and applied to current watershed conditions. Concurrently necessary enhancements to two of the BASINS models (HSPF and AQUATOX) were identified. Enhancements that have been undertaken include the following: • Generalized 'hybrid modeling' capability that enables use of HSPF in parallel with smaller-scale, more detailed models for specific land use disturbance models • Integration of more robust models for channel flow (EFDC) and channel sediment transport (SEDZLJ), as well as the capability to represent channel bank erosion • Development of a multi-compartment plant canopy module within HSPF • Incorporation of the capability to simulate the EPT macroinvertebrate sensitivity metric within AQUATOX The final two years of the project are devoted to implementing model science enhancements, and using the resulting enhanced model to investigate the land management scenarios that are most relevant to Fort Benning during and directly after the implementation of BRAC05: military training exercises, construction activities (particularly roads), prescribed burning, and timber harvest. This paper describes the project approach and the enhancements that are currently being implemented. Finally, preliminary results that have been achieved by taking advantage of one of the improved modeling capabilities (hybrid modeling of forest roads) are presented and discussed.


We consider a simple cubic lattice self-avoiding walk model of 3-star polymers adsorbed at a surface and then desorbed by pulling with an externally applied force. We determine rigorously the free energy of the model in terms of properties of a self-avoiding walk, and show that the phase diagram includes four phases, namely a ballistic phase where the extension normal to the surface is linear in the length, an adsorbed phase and a mixed phase, in addition to the free phase where the model is neither adsorbed nor ballistic. In the adsorbed phase all three branches or arms of the star are adsorbed at the surface. In the ballistic phase two arms of the star are pulled into a ballistic phase, while the remaining arm is in a free phase. In the mixed phase two arms in the star are adsorbed while the third arm is ballistic. The phase boundaries separating the ballistic and mixed phases, and the adsorbed and mixed phases, are both first order phase transitions. The presence of the mixed phase is interesting because it does not occur for pulled, adsorbed self-avoiding walks. In an atomic force microscopy experiment it would appear as an additional phase transition as a function of force.


Although many integrated inductors have been realized using integrated circuit and electronic packaging batch fabrication techniques, their magnetic characteristics are inferior to their discrete counterparts, in part due to the relatively poor magnetic properties of integrated magnetic cores. If the permeability of an integrated magnetic core can be increased, the magnetic characteristics of micromachined inductors based on these cores will improve. To address this issue, micromachined inductors incorporating electroplated magnetically anisotropic cores and electroplated copper coils are investigated. Two different geometries of inductors with electroplated supermalloy (NiFeMo) cores, are presented. The cores have been rendered magnetically anisotropic by application of a magnetic field during electrodeposition, resulting in an easy and hard axis orientation. In addition, some cores consist of a two-layer electrodeposit separated by a polyimide thin film lamination. At low frequencies (less than several hundred kHz), the easy axis devices have higher inductance than the hard axis devices. However, the hard axis devices have better performance at higher frequencies.


: The use of oxygenates as a gasoline blend is one of production methods for high octane gasoline and reduction of harmful compounds amount in exhaust gas. Distillation curves are presented for single monohydroxy alcohols and gasoline mixtures containing 3-15% by volume of ethanol, 1-butanol and i-butanol (2-methyl-1-propanol) which can be obtained from renewable sources. The influence of various concentrations of these alcohols on the distillation characteristics of base gasoline were investigated. Most alcohols form mixtures with gasoline exhibiting near-azeotropic behavior near its boiling point that significantly affect the shape of the distillation curves. In addition, distillation curves for a variety of dual-alcohol blends are presented, containing 10-20% by volume of two alcohols.


The invention discloses a divided conductor spacer fastening tool. The divided conductor spacer fastening tool is characterized in that a nut sleeve 2 is arranged on a head of a wrench 11 through a bearing 4; the nut sleeve is provided with a leftward screwing external thread and meshed with a nut 3, and is provided with a rightward screwing internal thread and meshed with a screw rod 1; the lower end of the screw rod is provided with a fastening hole 1.1; the upper end of the nut sleeve 2 is fixed with a gear 5; the center of the gear 5 and a gland are provided with through holes through which the screw rod can be lifted; two pawls 7.2 which are matched with the gear 5 are arranged on the left surface of a shifting fork 7 which is arranged on the wrench 11 through a threaded rod 8; the right surface of the shifting fork 7 is a concave cylindrical surface; an ejector rod 9 is arranged in a spring seat 11.2 on the head of the wrench 11 through a spring 10; and a free end of the ejector rod 9 contacts with the concave cylindrical surface of the shifting fork 7. Compared with the conventional tool, the divided conductor spacer fastening tool has the advantages that the installation speed is doubled, and the labor intensity of operation staff is reduced.


Sleep restriction is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes (1–3). Here, we investigated whether only 2 nights of recovery sleep, as may occur on weekends, reverses the negative effects of short-term sleep restriction on glucose homeostasis.

Nineteen healthy young lean men were studied under controlled laboratory conditions during normal sleep and sleep restriction in a randomized order, as previously reported (1,2,4). The institutional review board of The University of Chicago approved the protocol, and all participants gave written informed consent. During normal sleep, participants were allowed 8.5 h in bed (2300–0700) for 4 consecutive nights. During sleep restriction, participants were allowed 4.5 h in bed (0100–0530) for 4 consecutive nights, immediately followed by recovery sleep for 2 consecutive nights with 12 h in bed on the first night (2200–1000) and 10 h in bed on the second night (2200–0800). A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) was performed at 1000 after 4 nights of normal sleep, 4 nights of sleep restriction, and 2 nights …


According to the casting performance of cast nickel aluminum bronze alloy(Al9Ni4Fe4Mn2),in this paper the organic hardening ester water glass self curing sand is used to replace the traditional CO2 hardening ester water glass sand mold,so the defects of mold air-sourced shrinkage cavity,porosity,blowhole,sand and scab has been greatly reduced,the waste sand reclamation rate increased significantly,and then the quality of the casting mold has been improved.This can reduce the production cost,improve the production efficiency and reduce the environmental pollution.After manufacturing the mold by using the organic hardening ester water glass self curing sand,the adding cured water-glass volume is 2.0% to 3%,the volume is only one third of the adding volume of the CO2 ester cured water-glass.At the same time the increasing strength stability of the mold makes the mold thickness reduced from 300 ~ 400mm to 200 ~ 250mm.This makes the remaining moisture after mold baking to reduce significantly,thus to improve the quality of the casting.The air-sourced shrinkage defect and the slag Inclusion defect have reduced from 48.0 percent to 3.5 percent;surface sand and scab defect has reduced from 25.4 percent to 4.5 percent.


We prove that static solitons exist in the 1 + 1 dimensional Sine-Gordon theory in an ex2 panding de Sitter universe if and only if a y > 2, where m is the mass parameter of the Sine-Gordon theory and H the Hubble constant. The threshold a = 2 is then qualitatively explained in terms of the interplay between the gravitational tidal forces (that tend to pull a soliton apart) and the restoring tensile forces in the soliton (that resist any perturbation of the soliton). In fact, we show that, by comparing the estimates of the tensile force in the soliton and the tidal force of de Sitter spacetime, one can not only infer the existence of a threshold in a but also obtain an estimate of the threshold which agrees with the exact value (a = 2) to within a factor of 4. Using a similar argument, in terms of tidal and restoring forces, we also show that a static 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole (with vanishing Higgs self-coupling) can exist in an expanding universe only if (gF) >20, where g is the gauge coupling constant and F, the Higgs vacuum expectation value. These results predict that for a suitable range of parameters, solitons in the early universe inevitably succumb to eternal inflation at their core and do not survive in a simple form subsequently. Next we investigate the important outstanding problem of computing the quantum amplitude of soliton-antisoliton annihilation. We show that, using a given classical solution describing soliton-antisoliton annihilation into mesons, one can construct a quantum scattering process in which an initial quantum state comprising a soliton-antisoliton pair scatters into a final coherent state comprising mesons. By calculating the tree level amplitude of this scattering process, we show that the quantum soliton-antisoliton annihilation amplitude is not exponentially suppressed, in contrast to the amplitude for soliton-antisoliton pair production in a two-meson collision, which is believed to be exponentially suppressed. Thesis Supervisor: Alan H. Guth Title: Victor F. Weisskopf Professor of Physics Acknowledgments The work reported in this dissertation1 was made possible by the confluence of support, advice and sacrifices of a large number of people. I'm happy to have the opportunity of acknowledging all the help I've received. I am indebted to Professors Goldstone, Guth, Negele and Koster (MIT) and Professor Leimkuhler (Purdue) for their support that enabled me to start graduate work at MIT. I'm also indebted to Professor Goldstone and my parents for providing useful advice when I began the graduate work. I'm grateful to Professors Goldstone, Guth, Negele, Koster and Professor Pollack (Courant) for their support in the early stages and to Professors Guth and Negele for their support and encouragement throughout my graduate work. I thank Professors Goldstone and Jackiw for serving on my oral examination committee, and Professors Farhi and Rosenson (and the unofficial member, Professor Goldstone) for serving on my thesis committee. I've learned a lot of Physics and Mathematics in conversations with Sergiu Moroianu, Jeffrey Goldstone, Dam Son, Joshua Erlich, Barton Zwiebach, Edward Farhi, Robert Jerison, Alexander Kirillov, Klaus Bering, Samir Mathur, Michael Brenner, Richard Melrose, Tomasz Mrowka, Kenneth Johnson, Asad Naqvi and Ricardo Schiappa. It's a pleasure to thank them for their time and thoughts. I'm particularly indebted to Professor Goldstone for the discussions on soliton-antisoliton annihilation. It is hard to adequately express my gratitude to my advisor, Professor Guth, for all that he has done to initiate me into Physics research. He has spent countless hours, often late into the night, advising, listening and teaching. In addition to all the Physics that he has taught me, I've also learned much about the intangible aspects of Physics research, interacting with him. I remain deeply indebted to him for making this doctoral research a uniquely enriching experience for me. Over the years, my academic pursuits have made inordinate demands on my wife, Rajini, and on my children, Mihika and Anirudh. Their many sacrifices and Rajini's indefatigable willingness to shoulder several of my responsibilities, in addition to her own, provided the crucial support that made it possible for me to manage my commitments to two universities. With heartfelt gratitude for all her love and support, which have contributed more to this thesis than she realizes, I dedicate this dissertation to my dear wife, Rajini. Thanks for everything, Ranju. 'This research was supported in part by the Center for Theoretical Physics, MIT and ONR grant N-00014-96-1-0281.


EnglishThis article focuses on three major areas of legal certainty and tax security: the stability of standards, the intelligibility of taxation "on a daily basis" and the availability of the administration. francaisLa securite juridigue et fiscale est cornmentee dans ce texte a travers trois mots principaux : stabilite de la norme, intelligibilite de la fiscalite «au guotidien », disponibilite de I'administration.


Objective To investigate the mechanism(s) of dopamine D_5 receptor regulation to hypertension involved in the antioxidant actions.Methods We investigated blood pressures in D_5 receptor deficient(D_5-/-) and wild type(D_5+/+) mice,and NADPH oxidase protein expression(p47~(phox)) and activity in kidney of those mice.We also checked super oxide and hydrogen peroxide production by using HEK-293 cells heterologously expressing human D_5 receptor.Result The systolic,diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures,and NADPH oxidase activity and p47~(phox) expression were higher in D_5-/-than D_5+/+ mice.In HEK-293 cells heterologously expressing human D_5 receptor,its agonist,fenoldopam,decreased super oxide and hydrogen peroxide production.Conclusion\ The ability of D_5 receptor stimulation to inhibit NADPH oxidase activity so as to decrease ROS production may explain,in part,the antihypertensive action of D_5 receptor activation.


Objective To observe the efficacy and side effects of heparin sodium and low molecular weight heparin for unstable angina.Methods Fifty-seven patients with unstable angina were randomly divided into heparin sodium(SH) group,low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) group and the control group.In addition of general treatments.SH group were given 50ml 0.9% sodium chloride+SH 2ml intravenous injection by micro pump once per day for 7d,and LMWH group were given abdom inal subcutaneous injection of LMWH 0.4ml twice per day for 7d.Observe the marked efficiency rates,total efficiency rates,acute infarction rates and untoward reaction rates.Results In SH group,LMWH group and,the control group,the total efficiency rates were respectively 66.67% vs 95.65% vs 25%;acute infarction rates were respectively 5.56% vs 4.35% vs 50%;the untoward reaction rates were respectively 27.78% vs 8.70% vs 0.Conclusion Low molecular weight heparin is a safe and effective drug for the patients with unstable angina.


The paper discussed the principle of plant landscape design of city square and the designing method of plant landscape in different types of city squares, aiming at providing operational creative principle and method for current plant landscape design of city square.


This paper deals with the binary analysis of executable programs, with the goal of understanding how they access memory. It explains how to statically build a formal model of all memory accesses. S...


The relevant energy ranges for stellar nuclear reactions are introduced. Low‐energy compound direct reactions are discussed. Stellar modifications of the cross sections are presented. Implications for experiments are outlined.


If operations for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are to be rational and cost effective, the natural history needs to be understood and patients with early disease who will progress to advanced CVI and leg ulcer need to be identified. Published data have derived largely from selected referred hospital patients. The pattern of venous disease in the general population is unknown. The aim was to determine the prevalence of CVI in the general population and to correlate clinical features with the findings on duplex ultrasonography.


Let G be a group endowed with its profinite topology, then G is called product separable if the profinite topology of G is Hausdorff and, whenever H1, H2, …, Hn are finitely generated subgroups of G, then the product subset H1 H2 … Hn is closed in G. In this paper, we prove that if G=F×Z is the direct product of a free group and an infinite cyclic group, then G is product separable. As a consequence, we obtain the result that if G is a generalized free product of two cyclic groups amalgamating a common subgroup, then G is also product separable. These results generalize the theorems of M. Hall Jr. (who proved the conclusion in the case of n=1, [3]), and L. Ribes and P. Zalesskii (who proved the conclusion in the case of that G is a finite extension of a free group, [6]).


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: ramjet engine contains an air intake, a system for supplying solid fuel to the combustion chamber, a gas generator, a combustion chamber and a profiled nozzle extension installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber. The gas generator is made in the form of a drum with through longitudinal channels, wherein solid fuel charges are arranged to move into the combustion chamber. In this case, the drum is connected to an annular perforated grid, the openings of which direct the air flow to the surface of solid fuel charges. EFFECT: increased completeness of solid fuel combustion in the air flow. 7 cl, 4 dwg


This paper presents a new technique for online set membership parameter estimation of linear regression models affected by unknown‐but‐bounded noise. An orthotopic approximation of the set of feasible parameters is updated at each time step. The proposed technique relies on the solution of a suitable linear program, whenever a new measurement leads to a reduction of the approximating orthotope. The key idea for preventing the size of the linear programs from steadily increasing is to propagate only the binding constraints of these optimization problems. Numerical studies show that the new approach outperforms existing recursive set approximation techniques, while keeping the required computational burden within the same order of magnitude. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


anus have a high incidence of urinary tract anomalies. The ureter starts to develop low down in the pelvis near the cloaca as the ureteric bud. This arises from the wolffian duct near its junction with the cloaca and grows to meet the metanephric mass. Simultaneously the urorectal septum is developing and separating the urogenital sinus anteriorly from the rectum posteriorly. An accident which leads to the child being born with an abnormal anus could easily affect the developing renal tract.


The paper introduces the development of differential restoring model (Bouc-Wen model) and its application in lead rubber bearing. Based on the compression-shear tests of two different LRBs, the differential restoring force model with various pre-yield shear stiffness ranging from 5Kd to 40Kd is considered and compared with the experimental results, and some important conclusions can be drawn from the results. An isolated eight-story super-structure is used as the numerical example. Its pre-yield shear stiffness of the LRB is chosen to be 10Kd and 40Kd, meanwhile the stiffness of the bottom floor of the super-structure is 100Kd, 300Kd and 500Kd for different shear pre-yield stiffness of the LRB. Thus the effect of different pre-yield shear stiffness on the structure with various natural periods can be considered and compared. Finally, a reasonable value of the pre-yield shear stiffness of the lead rubber bearing is given for the design of isolated buildings.


The lack of an adequate capacity for policy-oriented disability research in the United States has hampered decision making in all aspects of disability policy. This article considers the development of a comprehensive Health Services Research (HSR) capacity in physical disability and rehabilitation, which would examine the organization, provision, and financing of health care services for persons with physical disabilities. Despite the substantial health care needs of such individuals, there have been relatively few HSR studies on the health care issues that affect their lives. This article considers why this is the case, and suggests a strategy for developing a comprehensive HSR/disability capacity. It further presents an agenda for HSR in the areas of trauma care and post-trauma acute care, medical rehabilitation, post-rehabilitation primary care, and long-term support services for persons with physical disabilities.


The quantum properties of light in the system of two different atoms interacting with two-mode squeezing vacuum field are studied.The effect of the relative coupling constant(R=g1/g2) and initial squeezed parameter r on light squeezing effect and the photon bunching and antibunching are discussed.The numerical results show that vibration range of quantum fluctuation,the biggest squeezing depth and squeezing time and vibration amplitude of second-order coherence is affected by the initial squeezed parameter r.The variation of quantum fluctuation and second-order coherence versus time are affected by the relative coupling constant R.As a result,the squeezing time of quantum fluctuation,the time when light field is in non-classical states and the degree of photon antibunching are also affected by it,but to but it doesn′t have obvious influence on light squeezing depth.


This case-study analyzed the physical therapy applied to a young tennis player with tennis elbow. It was placed in an interdisciplinary health team system for recovery based on the collaboration of physical therapist and trainer, permitting a rigorous and objective analysis of the different aspects considered as determinants for the injury, as well as the seriousness, the causes that provoked the injury and the methods of physiotherapy used for the patient's recuperation. Besides the collaboration of both professionals it was analyzed the causes that produced the injury by a detailed analysis of the amount of physical development of the player and the influence of training charge, the technique used to hit the ball and the material – racket – used by tennis player at the moment to appear the injury, all of it with the purpose to prove that a control of these variables is fundamental for new tennis players as they grow as their muscle structure is not fully


Saari and Scherbaum (2011) suggest that identified surveys can provide a solid approach to allow employee survey data to be linked at the individual level with other relevant organizational criteria such as individual performance, customer satisfaction, and financial outcomes. Another solution is available that allows employee surveys to remain anonymous but permits linking to other criteria: anonymously tracked surveys. Anonymously tracked employee surveys use employee generated passwords as a link to employee survey data over time or with other outcomes. Using this technique, employees provide a password that they will remember for future survey administrations. In addition, respondents are prompted to create a question that will allow them to recall the password in the future should they forget it. It should be noted that employees are instructed to use a password that is different from other passwords they use (e.g., for online purchasing, social networking sites, etc.) to minimize the risk of passwords being used to link to other data outside the organization. In addition, once the password has been used by one employee it becomes restricted to other employees. This


This proceedings, Pacific Rim TransTech Conference-Volume 1: Advanced Technologies, consists of papers presented at the conference held in Seattle, Washington, July 26-28, 1993. A number of major areas are included: 1) Lessons learned from advanced technology applications; 2) advanced data collection and processing; 3) incident detection; 4) real-time traffic control; 5) advanced technologies in public transport and commercial vehicle operations; 6) traveller information systems; 7) environmental improvement and safety through advanced technologies; and 8) standards and legal issues. In identifying the growing trends of multinational dependence, the increasing need for improved transportation systems and the wealth of knowledge and experience from all the countries in the Pacific Rim, this book provides the foundation to continue building a truly international approach toward shaping the future of surface transportation systems.


Prof. Turksen is a very well known scientist in the stem cell biology field and he is also internationally known for his fundamental studies on claudin-6. In addition to his research activity he is editor for the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series (Humana Press) and editor-in-chief of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.....


We report herein a feasible study concerning one pot synthesis of cyclophane with imidazolium skeleton. To our knowledge, this is the first one pot synthesis of a cyclophane with imidazolium skeleton. Comparative with the existing methods, our method has several indisputable advantages: is a one pot synthesis, requires a shorter period of time and small amounts of solvents, low energetically consumption. Consequently, this method could be considered an eco-friendly method. The structure of the newly compound was assigned by elemental and spectral analysis: 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-COSY, 2D-HMQC, 2D-HMBC and X-ray.


Smalland Medium-sized Entities (SME) are benefited through the tax cut provisions and tax subsidy from SME aid policy; thus they are conjectured to have less motive to avoid tax due to low tax burden when compared to non-SME. The present study empirically investigates the contrast between the motives for tax avoidance in SME and non-SME.


Abstract- We aimed to present a patient with phytobezoar causing small bowel obstruction after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Thirty-year-old woman with a history of prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to morbid obesity three years ago presented with colicky abdominal pain, distention, nausea, vomiting, and obstipation. Initial abdominal X-ray showed various distended small bowel loops with air-fluid levels. The patient was taken to operation room for laparoscopic exploration, and a phytobezoar was found in distal jejunum. The bezoar was fragmented and flushed through cecum. The patient tolerated the surgery and her symptoms relieved without complication. Moreover, she received dietary consultation in order to prevent future recurrences. Small bowel obstruction in a patient with prior abdominal surgery is mainly caused due to adhesions, stenosis of anastomosis and hernias. An uncommon cause for obstruction is bezoar formation. The majority of patients with bezoars have a history of gastric surgery. Diagnostic imaging is not always helpful, and surgical exploration is sometimes required for diagnosis. Treatment is mainly surgical, but conservative medical treatment is also reported to be helpful. Apart from removal of bezoar, a dietary consultation is required to avoid eating habits leading to bezoar formation. Bariatric surgery is becoming more common; thus its complications are becoming more common as well. Majority of patients with bezoars have a prior history of gastric surgery. Therefore it is important to maintain a high level of suspicion for timely diagnosis of bezoars in patients with prior history of bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.


Owing to the influence of Structuralism and Functionism, grammar teaching in China went through the "Two extreme treatment", either excessive emphasis or excessive ignorance. It still seems in question wherher the importance of determining a proper position and function of grammar should be laid for a better teaching effect. This paper, from the perspective of theory and practice, discusses the three pairs of relationships in grammar teaching: grammar teaching and subjects of the teaching, grammar teaching and teaching aims, grammar teaching and the types of courses, and clarifies the various relevant positions and functions, and then points out that to improve foreign language teaching, various means should be employed to deal with elements related to grammar teaching.