Advances in the areas of condensed matter, atomic physics, and optics, are uncovering new types of cooperative behaviour for electrons and photons. Examples are (a)the formation of new ordered states such as Bose-Einstein condensates; (b)the occurrence of exotic optical properties in photonic materials and structures; and (c)the disappearance of quantum coherence in complex systems such as solids. Understanding these effects teaches us how the deceptively simple laws of quantum mechanics generate a vast variety of electrical and optical properties, and leads to the creation of new technologies such as quantum computers. My group makes theories to predict, describe, and understand these phenomena. We build and solve models, often in the form of quantum field theories, and work closely with experimentalists and theorists across the world- and we need students to join us, for projects on :


AbstractThe Chinese Communist Party (hereafter the CCP) has been criticized for failing to meet rising expectations for greater democracy. It will thus become obsolete and eventually collapse. This paper argues instead that the CCP has proactively initiated various democratizing measures to improve its governance and enhance its legitimacy. They show a CCP open to democratization. However, the final political product is likely to be different from what it is commonly understood as liberal democracy.


New technology is supposed to reduce your staffing needs. But how do you get staff on board with a change that may end up costing some of them their jobs?


Background:
Several major trials assessing ischemic stroke therapy with endovascular revascularization have shown better clinical and functional outcomes. We sought to evaluate the role of time of onset to groin puncture in determining outcome after endovascular therapy.
Methods:
A systematic review and pooled analyses of six recent multi-centered prospective randomized control trials (MPRCT) was performed to compare intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and endovascular therapy (intervention) with IV tPA alone (control). MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, IA EXTEND, SWIFT PRIME, REVASCAT and THERAPY were included. The 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-2 was defined as good; "moderate" was mRS of 3-4, and "bad" was mRS of 5-6. We looked at recorded symptom onset to groin puncture (STG) times, and compared with the good, moderate and bad category for correlations. SPSS Version 22 was used for all statistical analysis.
Results:
A total of 1,386 patients were included. Good outcomes at 90-days were seen in 46[percnt] patients in intervention (p<.00001) and 27[percnt] of patients in control (p<.00002). mTICI 2b/3 was achieved in 70.2 [percnt] patients in intervention arm. Patients with good outcome (mRS 0-2), had a mean STG of 176 minutes (p= .0001), those with moderate outcome (mRS 3-4) had a mean STG of 195 minutes (p=.0001), and those with bad outcome (mRS 5-6), had a mean STG of 208 minutes (p= .0001). A longer STG time correlated with bad outcome (r= .815; p<.05).
Conclusion:
Endovascular therapy combined with IV tPA was superior to IV tPA alone. But, time is still of the essence and longer delays to groin puncture correlated to death and disability. Reducing the time of stroke onset to groin puncture time is key. Data on the reasons for delays should be reviewed to better understand where reductions in time are most applicable. Disclosure: Dr. Kirmani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Korya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shaikh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kalola has nothing to disclose. Dr. Samaan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arango has nothing to disclose. Dr. Panezai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moussavi has nothing to disclose.


An analysis of seismic and drill sequence stratigraphy shows that the evolution of Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate platform in the middle of Tarim area undergoes four phases: ① The gentle incline carbonate platform in early-middle Cambrian;②The gentle incline weak trimmed shelf carbonate platform in late Cambrian-early Ordovician;③Isolated carbonate platform in middle-late Ordovician;④Submerged carbonate platform in the intermediate stage of late Ordovician.These carbonate platforms have their own characters of sedimentation.The sedimentary faces types and the assembled sequences that control the rock composition vertically are distinct from each other.Therefore,the four carbonate platforms have different hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir and caprock assemblage conditions.According to the information of the seismic and drill,we studied the sedimentary characters of the four types of platforms and then make an analysis on them.


Plastic products are widely used in our everyday life. During the the production and use of different plastic products, adverse health effects are often arising. Styrol plays a decisive role in the good mechanical aspects and heat resistancy of ready made form pieces of unsaturated polyester resins. The styrol contents of the unsaturated polyesters are quite high, the combination(mix) of styrol and polyester gives the typical characteristic features of these sytems while a number of health and fire protection problems come to the surface during their application.Risks can be significantly reduced by the modification of the manufacturing process, application of preventive actions, properly informing employees, and using new organisational solutions.


Flexural collapse loads of eccentrically loaded, individual column footings were investigated using Yield Line Theory. It was found that the cantilever failure mechanism recommended by the AC! Building Code does not give the lowest upper bound on the loads. Governing equations were derived for mechanisms that led to flexural collapse loads as low as one‐half those predicted by the cantilever mechanism for some column/footing combinations. Suggestions are given for a reasonably simple design procedure that should ameliorate the problem.


Corrosion related deterioration of constructed facilities, such as coastal and marine structures, bridge decks, chemical and wastewater treatment plants, results in costly repairs and leads to user inconveniences. To improve the longevity of these facilities, the use of non-corrosive fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) rebars offers an alternative to mild steel rebars as reinforcement in concrete structures. Because the mechanical properties of FRP rebars are different from those of steel rebars, the performance of the FRP rebars embedded in concrete is not fully understood. As an example, the tensile strength varies with the diameter size of the rebar. For an E-glass FRP rebar with 55% glass volume fraction, the ultimate strength is 130 ksi for a #3 rebar and 80 ksi for a #7 rebar, based on gross area of rebar. In addition, the modulus of elasticity is about 7,000 ksi which is about 1/4 of mild steel. There is an urgent need for information regarding the bending and bond behavior of concrete sections reinforced with FRP rebars. A series of laboratory tests on concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars is outlined in this paper. The major emphasis of these tests is to evaluate concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars in terms of the stress-strain behavior, load-deflection variations, load carrying capacities, crack patterns, modes of failure and bond strength.


We present two cases of progressive isolated damage to the lateral branch of the pectoral nerve with marked atrophy of the clavicular portion of the major pectoral muscle. In our patients, the mechanism of isolated lesions of lateral pectoral nerves have been attributed to repetitive external microtraumas and pressure on the nerve trajectory between the chest and shoulder during sports or occupational activities.


Necrotizing fasciitis is a fulminant infection that affects the deep and superficial fascia while initially sparing the overlying skin and underlying muscle. The involvement of the cervical compartment is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Immunocompromised patients are prone to this infection. We present a case of a 80 year-old diabetic woman suffering from streptococcal cervical NF (probably secondary to a arm injury) with an uncommon involvement of the posterior cervical compartment, highlighting the atypical responsible microorganism (Streptococcus Agalactiae), the role of imaging for early diagnosis and the timely surgical and medical treatment for a successful outcome.


Fluid resuscitation with 39ᵒC is one of the main therapies for hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock patients to prevent complications. In this time, we already have tools to keep the fluid warm, but not all health services have these tools. To find out the effectiveness of using woolen cloth against the temperature of Ringer Lactate 39°C crystalloid fluid at room temperature 18°C. This study used a pre-experimental method, with a static group comparison approach, with 4 Ringer Lactate liquid samples divided into 2 groups, namely groups using wool cloth and those not using woolen cloth. Data collected through observation sheets. Data analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. With this p value (0.00001) <α (0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the use of woolen cloth and those that do not use woolen cloth. The woolen cloth is effective to slow down the decrease in temperature of the crystalloid liquid Ringer Lactate 39ᵒC at room temperature 18ᵒC. The difference in temperature changes in the Ringer Lactate crystalloid fluid is influenced by several things including humidity, ambient temperature, and additional material used.


Silica and alumina gels were mixed to make a hybrid of a mullite precursor gel and a silicon carbide precursor gel. The crystallization of these above 1400 °C, to form in-situ composites of silicon carbide whiskers in a matrix of mullite, cristobalite and a glassy phase, was studied for different processing conditions.


I examined song structure in five populations (or neighbourhoods) of the polygynandrous Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, from 1988 to 1994. All after-second-year (ASY) males sang only a single song type. This song type did not vary within ASY males over the season or from year to year and it was nearly identical among all ASY males within a neighbourhood. However, the song type of ASY males differed significantly from one neighbourhood to the next in the number of elements, total length (s), and minimum frequency (kHz). Neighbourhood dialects were readily distinguishable by the human ear and, except in one case, persisted over the duration of the study. In contrast to the uniformity of ASY male song within a neighbourhood, the song of second-year (SY) males did not match the local dialect. Only when SY males returned for a second year did their song and the neighbourhood dialect of ASY males converge. There were no differences in song structure that could be related to...


Education is a trillion-dollar industry, with a growing population thirsty for knowledge. There has been tremendous influx of graduates in this industry, seeking self-reliance because obtaining a decent job upon graduation remains a nightmare in developing countries. Consequently, the surroundings of state and private universities in Cameroon are overcrowded with educational subsidiary enterprises created by graduates. Most of these enterprises intend to metamorphose into giant self-reliant enterprises while mitigating the problem of graduate unemployment. This rarely happens as most of the enterprises end at ground level, while others close down in less than 5 years. A question arises: What prevents these small and medium-sized education businesses from thriving? This study surveyed 210 small and medium-sized educational firms selected through clustering technique. The SWOT analysis technique was used to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to these firms. Results revealed little or no leadership or wealth creation education as a major weakness, that threatens these businesses from thriving. The multiple regression further confirms the absence of transformational leadership education as a statistical predictor to setbacks in these firms. Key recommendations call for mainstreaming pragmatic transformational and strategic leadership education in higher education courses, using the case of the faculty of education of the University of Yaoundé I. Learners should be introduced to the world of business through meaningful partnership with the world of work and quality entrepreneurship courses.


The migration patterns responsible for the asymmetry of highly sinuous Rouge River meanders are described and related to the hydraulic and sediment transport patterns controlling bank erosion in these bends. Two elements of the overall migration patterns play important roles in maintaining asymmetry, and raise fresh questions concerning our understanding of erosion processes: significant outer bank erosion starts remarkably early at bend entrances, well before crossover of the high velocity filament. In addition, such erosion extends far along the cross-valley reaches, despite the very gentle channel curvatures between meander apices. Data on high-flow suspended sediment transport and helix structure suggest how, beyond the control exerted by near-bank shear stresses, the spatial patterns of near-bed primary and secondary flows can also exert an influence on the distribution of bank erosion, by controlling the evacuation of the influxes of eroded bank materials.


This study aimed to determine the effect of red fermented rice and nitrite salt as natural coloring on the sensory and nutritional properties of mackerel tuna (Euthynus sp.) corned. Fish fillet was added with salt, sugar, 1.5% (w/w) red fermented rice and 2.5% (w/w) nitrite salt, then incubated at 1-2oC for 2 days until the color of the meat became dark red. Afterward, the cured meat was washed and processed into corned fish by using 0, 1 and 2% Soy Protein Isolate (SPI). The quality of corned fish were observed based on the proximate values, pH, color, microbial content, sensory evaluation, fatty acid profiles and amino acid profiles. The results show that corned fish processed with red fermented rice and nitrite salt affected the proximate value, color value and sensory evaluation. Corned fish which processed using red fermented rice produced a sharper red color and preferred by panelist than corned fish processed using nitrite. Addition of SPI affected the red color intensity of the product and increasing panelist's pReference for the products. Corned fish contained essential fatty acids and amino acids, therefore, it can be used as a source of amino acids to meet the needs of amino acids in the body. Based on this study, corned fish processed with red fermented rice and the addition of 2% SPI was chosen as the best formulation compared to other treatments.


This work presents a novel approach for the modeling of the entrainment in the numerical simulation of the internal ballistics of hybrid rocket engines with paraffin-based fuels. This model, couple...


A semi-passive magnetic levitation system is presented, two prototypes of the magnetic levitation system and of the linear motor have been constructed and experimentally validated. The experimental results are in good accordance with the numerical ones showing the suitability of the models for designing levitation devices of this type.


Lung cancer, being one of the leading causes of mortality among cancer patients, is a global medical and social problem. The number of studies devoted to the etiology, molecular pathology and methods of early detection of lung neoplasms has been steadily increasing. Recently, the great efforts are made to search for alternative methods of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of neoplasms of the respiratory system. So the study of the influence of the quantitative and qualitative microbiome characteristics on the growth and tumor development has become increasingly relevant. This review is devoted to the association between the composition of the pulmonary microbiome and the development of malignant neoplasms of the lungs. We used the analysis of the available literature data to perform this review.


Citation for published version (APA): Jensen, J. O., Gram-Hanssen, K., & Friis, F. (2016). Local initiatives for motivating Danish house-owners for energy improvements. In Sustainable Built Environment Conference 2016 in Hamburg : Strategies, Stakeholders, Success factors, 7th 11th March 2016 ; Conference Proceedings (1 ed., pp. 826-835). Hamburg: ZEBAU, Hamburg. https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000051699


Include study of 100 swab of vaginal secretion from pregnant and non pregnant women, abortifacient or not abortifacien about( 16-48)years old whom administered to the AL-Zahraa teaching hospital and outpatient  in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf city has been collected during the period from Octobrt 2012 to March 2013.According to Amsel test the results showed highly distribution of BVamong pregnant and non-pergnant as well as abortifacient for one or more than one .The percent of BV infection among pregnant women ,abortifacient  more than one about (16-26)years old was higher (%43) than its among non pergnant  women ,non abortifacient  about( 37-48) years old which was(%11).The results of  primary isolation and laboratory diaginosis as well as some biochemical test improved  that only 10 isolates were belong to G.vaginalis ,while the results of amplification of 16S rRNA for genetic diagnosis of G.vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction( PCR) showed that 25 isolates were belong to G.vaginalis in vaginal secretion The presence of IS gene encoding  sialidase was detected in all vaginal secretion of women  suffering  from  BV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The results revealed the presence of SI gene in 24 vaginal secretion samples and only 24 isolates of  G.vaginalis had  this gene .The study aimed to shed light on bacteria G. vaginalis as one of the most important causes of bacterial infection of the vagina when women and Doranzim the (sialidase) to increase the ferocity of these bacteria.


This paper presents a linear synthetic focusing method (SFM) in order to mitigate the drawbacks of the classical multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for microwave imaging (MI). The determination of noise subspace dimension for MUSIC algorithm is a challenge when imaging an extended target. That is because an extended target comprises many point scatterers and a practical MI system provides an incomplete multistatic response (IMSR) matrix. The SFM obtains a focused multistatic response matrix for each location in the imaging region, which contains, mostly, the scattered field of a point scatterer at that location. In this way, the signal subspace is reduced to the one for a point scatterer, whose singular values are well-separated from those of the noise subspace. The proposed SFM is applied to the breast cancer detection using synthetic data. It is also applied to the experimental data given by Institute Fresnel to test the SFM for scenarios other than biomedical uses. It is shown that the SFM provides superior results over the classical MUSIC algorithm, especially for extended targets and IMSR matrices.


In this paper we give an elimination algorithm for differential difference polynomial systems. We use the framework of a generalization of Ore algebras, where the independent variables are non-commutative. We prove that for certain term orderings, Buchberger's algorithm applied to differential difference systems terminates and produces a Gröbner basis. Therefore, differential-difference algebras provide a new instance of non-commutative graded rings which are effective Gröbner structures.


Economic valuation of health risks plays an important role in informing decisions about environmental, health and safety regulations, indicating the extent to which those affected by a policy or program would agree to exchange income for the benefits it provides. For mortality risks, this willingness to pay is typically expressed as the "Value per Statistical Life" or VSL. The VSL is not the value of a particular individual"s life. Instead, it measures the rate at which individuals are willing to substitute income for small reductions in their own mortality risks within a defined time period. Currently, US agencies rely on similar research but apply varying VSL estimates, raising concerns related to both the standardization and the differentiation of their values. More standardization seems desirable if agencies continue to follow similar approaches. However, the differences in the risks and populations addressed across agencies suggests that greater differentiation in their VSL estimates is desirable, given that preferences for exchanging income for risk reductions vary depending on these characteristics. The approaches used to value nonfatal illnesses and injuries are more diverse, largely because willingness to pay estimates are lacking for many outcomes of concern. Analysts often use estimates of monetized qualityadjusted life years or averted costs as rough proxies. While more willingness to pay research is needed for nonfatal risks, in the interim the methods used to develop these proxy measures could be improved based on recent research and expert panel recommendations. Jerusalem Papers in Regulation & Governance 2 © Lisa A. Robinson & James K. Hammitt W o rk in g P a p e r N o . 4 | M a y 2 0 1 0 Valuing Health and Longevity in Regulatory Analysis: Current Issues and Challenges Economic valuation of health risks plays a major role in informing decisions about environmental, health and safety regulations, especially as governments around the world increasingly require assessment of regulatory impacts. Regulatory analysis in some form has been mandated in the United States for over 30 years (OMB 1997), and is gradually being implemented in the OECD member countries (OECD 2009). For regulations designed to reduce the risk of illness, injury or premature mortality, counting the number of cases averted is an important initial step in understanding the impacts of alternative policies. Such counts do not convey the relative severity of each outcome, however, nor can they be meaningfully aggregated across different types of effects. Taking the next step of valuing health outcomes in monetary terms provides additional useful insights. Valuation is particularly informative when it addresses trade-offs that are similar to those involved in regulatory decisions. Such decisions require choosing whether to devote resources to achieving health risk reductions, or to allow individuals, firms, or government agencies to use these resources to provide other desirable goods and services. When based on the affected individuals" willingness to pay (WTP) for risk reductions, monetary valuation indicates their preferences for trading income (or wealth) for health improvements. These values can be used to determine whether the benefits of alternative regulatory actions are likely to be commensurate with their costs, and also to identify which action, if any, is most likely to maximize the net benefits to society. In combination with other considerations – such as whether the impacts are distributed equitably, and the implications of nonquantifiable effects and other uncertainties – these findings help support sound decisions. Individual WTP for risk reductions is likely to differ from the medical costs or productivity losses associated with incurred cases of illness, injury or premature Jerusalem Papers in Regulation & Governance 3 © Lisa A. Robinson & James K. Hammitt W o rk in g P a p e r N o . 4 | M a y 2 0 1 0 death. The cost of treating a health condition is not the same as the value of reducing its risk of occurrence. For example, treatment does not necessarily return the individual to his or her original health state. WTP often exceeds medical costs and productivity losses by a significant amount because it reflects the value of averting pain and suffering and other quality of life impacts. Because health risk reductions are not directly bought and sold in the marketplace, economists generally use data on related marketed goods or observed behavior ("revealed preferences") or data from survey research ("stated preferences") to estimate their value. For example, risk is one of many attributes of different housing locations, job choices, and motor vehicle options. Economists often study related decisions, using statistical methods to separate the value of risk differences from the value of other attributes. Alternatively, they may develop a survey that describes the risk of concern and asks respondents to indicate their WTP for reducing it. Approaches for valuing health risks in regulatory analysis are well established and widely used. Typically, premature mortality and nonfatal illnesses or injuries are valued separately, because only a few empirical studies integrate consideration of both types of effects. Thus this article first summarizes the valuation of mortality risks, then discusses nonfatal risks. It focuses primarily on US practices, describing the approaches used as well as key challenges. Valuing mortality risks As introduced above, health risk reductions are generally valued by estimating individuals" willingness to exchange income for the risk change, based on revealed or stated preference studies. For mortality, this WTP is typically expressed as the "Value per Statistical Life" or VSL. 1 1 Both WTP and willingness to accept (WTA) compensation are consistent with the framework for benefit-cost analysis. However, WTA is used less Jerusalem Papers in Regulation & Governance 4 © Lisa A. Robinson & James K. Hammitt W o rk in g P a p e r N o . 4 | M a y 2 0 1 0


Changes in chemical composition, n i t rogenous compounds, p H and energy values w e r e s tudied dur ing the r ipening and s torage of Da lma t i an h a r d cheese made from sheep 's milk. Cheese samples w e r e examined on the 1 0 t h , 2 0 t h , 3 0 t h , 6 0 t h , 9 0 t h , 120 t h , 1 8 0 t h and 3 6 0 t h day after manufac tu re and m e a n values re la t ive to each period of examina t ion a re presented in 12 tables.


This book gives up-to-date information on statistical physics for experimental, theoretical, and computational research in a variety of fields, such as physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and computer science. It contains many review articles by leading scientists and contributed papers by authors on the forefront of research. Topics included are complex systems, general methods of statistical physics, biological physics, cross-disciplinary physics, information science, econophysics, and other related topics.


The purpose of this case study is to analyse the effect of the stacking sequence and lay-up orientation of the fiber of laminated composite materials employing plain weave C-glass fibres with varying fibre densities. The study was divided into two parts which are simulation and experimental analysis. Through the simulation analysis, three designs were proposed and the best design with the highest UTS was chosen to be fabricated in order to validate the simulation results. All designs are symmetric in terms of angle of orientation which only utilized 00/900 and ±450 plies. The simulation analysis were performed using ABAQUS and the finite element model was simulated in a non-linear mode with displacement of 3mm. The second part of this study is to fabricate the best design with the highest UTS based on the ABAQUS analysis. The specimen was fabricated through hand lay-up method before being cut into a rectangular shaped coupon with standard dimensions according to ASTM D3039. The prepared coupons were then tested using the tensile testing machine in a standard room temperature to find the UTS. The experimental results were analysed to get the stress strain curve. The UTS values determined from both numerical and experimental analysis were compared. The percentage of error between the two values were calculated which determine the accuracy of the ABAQUS analysis to the real experimental result. The comparison showed that the percentage of error is 5% which is an acceptable value.


DON and ZEN often co-contaminate cereal grains used as feedstuffs. These toxins are highly relevant in pig feeding as this species responds especially sensitive to the presence of DON and ZEN with a decrease in feed intake and reproductive disorders, respectively, especially when critical contaminations in feed are exceeded. The European guidance values for critical DON and ZEN concentrations in diets for pigs amount to 0.9 mg DON/kg for all pig categories, and 0.1 and 0.25 mg ZEN/kg for piglets/gilts and sows, respectively (CEC 2006). Both from a practical and from forensic perspective often raises the question on whether the detection of mycotoxins in physiological samples has relevance for the occurrence of more or less pronounced toxid effects or, in other words, whether there are useful correlations between the toxin concentrations and toxic effects. From a methodological viewpoint dose-response studies are helpful which relate the toxin concentration in the diets to the resulting toxin cencentrations in the physiological specimens as indicators for the inner exposure of the animal. Based on the kinetic characteristics of DON and ZEN various physiological samples can principally be used for evaluation of exposure, such as blood, bile, urine and faeces. However, in the view that both toxins differ markedly in kinetics there also exists differences in the usefulness of these matrices as indicators for exposure. Moreover, the metabolism of the toxins needs to be considered especially in the view that metabolites might differ markedly in toxicity. DON might be metabolised to de-epoxy-DON while ZEN can principally be converted to a number of metabolites, from which alpha- and beta-zearalenol (ZEL), zearalenone (ZAN), and alpha- and beta-zearalenol (ZAL) are the most important ones.


26/07/2016 GRANT JARVIE By Dr Paul Widdop and Dr Dan Parnell Golf is a multi-million pound industry. We have just seen the open in Scotland that will do much for raising the profile and interest in the sport. Indeed, the Open in the UK is one of the four big annual major tournaments, with Sky paying a reported £15m a year to broadcast the event, which itself can be worth some £140m to the local host economy (Wilson, 2016). A report by Sheffield Hallam also highlights that UK golfers spend a whopping £4billion per year. Despite this golf still has its problems with gender inequality and falling participation.


The paper provides evidence for the diagnostic value of magnetocardiography employed in the clinical diagnosis of heart diseases. It concludes that it may be used in mass surveys of the general population.


Abstract Failure of treatment of a primary anal fistula is rarely life threatening, but the cost to the patient in terms of pain, discomfort, and interruption of daily life is substantial. Complex or recurrent fistulas must be methodically evaluated so a successful treatment strategy can be developed, and therapy completed, ideally without compromising fecal continence. Advanced imaging can be useful in identifying complex tracts and accumulated sepsis but is rarely indicated in the setting of a primary fistula. Multiple methods to repair complex, recurrent fistulas have been described with varying success rates. Diversion of the fecal stream is often employed after repeat repair of a fistula but is not universally beneficial. Treatment must be individualized according to pre-existing patient factors, number of internal openings, and condition of the tissues in and around the anus.


The operation of dynamical systems in harsh environments requires continuous monitoring. Internal sensors may be used to monitor the conditions in real time. A typical example is the sensor and electronic components used in space structures which, especially during launch, are subject to huge g force. The paper will present an experimental and theoretical study on a simplified model used to analyze the possible cause of high acceleration on the enclosed sensors and equipments due to impulsive loading. The model system consists of two beams coupled using compliant connections. An impulse hammer excites one beam, and vibrations are transmitted to the indirectly driven beam. A theoretical model is developed using a Rayleigh–Ritz approach and validated using experimental results in both the frequency and time domains. Monto Carlo simulation was done with random masses positioned on the indirectly driven beam to determine the worst-case conditions for maximum peak acceleration. Highest acceleration levels were...


The invention discloses a three-dimensional detecting type basketball stand special for teaching. The three-dimensional detecting type basketball stand comprises a tempered-glass anti-shaking backboard, a longitudinal force arm support rod and a power distribution cabinet, wherein the longitudinal force arm support rod is mounted at the left end of the upper surface of a counterweight base through a body load-bearing hydraulic rod and a spiral limit hydraulic rod, the top end of the longitudinal force arm support rod is connected to the right end of a load-bearing backboard transverse rod through a rotary bearing, the tempered-glass anti-shaking backboard is mounted on the left of the load-bearing backboard transverse rod through a rotary bearing, a basket is arranged on the left of the tempered-glass anti-shaking backboard, the power distribution cabinet is mounted at the right end of the upper surface of the counterweight base, and a power distribution cabinet door is arranged below a touch control display screen.


Influenza A viruses recruit components of the nuclear import pathway to enter the host cell nucleus and promote viral replication. Here, we analyzed the role of the nuclear import factor importin- (cid:2) 7 in H1N1 influenza virus pulmonary tropism by using various ex vivo imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and correlative light-electron microscopy). We infected importin- (cid:2) 7 gene-deficient ( (cid:2) 7 (cid:3) / (cid:3) ) mice with a recombinant H1N1 influenza virus and compared the in vivo viral kinetics with those in wild-type (WT) mice. In WT mice, influenza virus replication in the bronchial and alveolar epithelium already occurred a few days after infection. Accordingly, extensive mononuclear infiltration and alveolar destruction were present in the lungs of infected WT mice, followed by 100% lethality. Conversely, in (cid:2) 7 (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice, virus replication was restricted mostly to the bronchial epithelium with marginal alveolar infection, resulting in significantly reduced lung damage and enhanced animal survival. To investigate the host immune response during alveolar virus replication, we studied the role of primary macrophages in virus propagation and clearance. The ability of macrophages to support or clear the virus infection, as well as the host cellular immune responses, did not significantly differ between WT and (cid:2) 7 (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice. However, cytokine and chemokine responses were generally elevated in WT mice, likely reflective of increased viral replication in the lung. In summary, these data show that a cellular factor, importin- (cid:2) 7, is required for enhanced virus replication in the alveolar epithelium, resulting in elevated cytokine and chemokine levels, extensive mononuclear infiltration, and thus, severe pneumonia and enhanced virulence in mice.


In this paper the various health issues faced by employees working in software companies in Chennai has been discussed. It is very important for the employees to be in good health and sound condition. To perform their jobs. Though employees are in good job roles and designation they have a lack of health due to which they may be unable to perform their duties. Employees who are having more experience are considered to have health issues such as stress,depression , eyes and backbone problems when compared to the freshers or new joinees. Health issues which are found out in the initial stage can be treated and they can react accordingly. Unhealthy food habits have caused obesity and insomnia in employees working in software companies. Depending on the shift jobs which they work for. Proper scheduled food habits and counselling may lead to healthy work life and employee engagement in software industries.


Astronauts need the lander for decelerate and bridle the speed when they land on the space surface slowly. This lander could be controlled velocity magnitude in any direction or orientation and provide protection. The landers consist of airbags and parachutes. The airbag is a type of vehicle safety device, have a soft cushioning and is an occupant restraint system. The parachute provides to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by the hauling. Space protection equipments must have some properties because of astronaut's entry, descend and landing in safely. Textiles in airbags provide these properties especially which are light weight, low gas permeability, high strength, low cost, low temperature flexibility and low coefficient of friction. For textiles in parachutes must have properties such as smooth, porosity, air permeability, high strength, cost-effective, stability light weight and good in drag and lift. Airbags and parachutes in space protection equipment's are improved in systems provide easy stability. Recently, inflatable technologies for space protection equipments plays a fundamental role in building re-entry capsule. It can be performed a variety of pre-flight analyses to ensure the success of the tests of protection systems from day to day. In this review, space protection systems, their textile materials and properties, their advantages and disadvantages are presented.


The modal balancing method (MBM) is an effective method for reducing the vibration caused by the unbalancing of a rotor. A rotor's modal parameters, especially its modal shapes, need to be accurately calculated in this method. This paper proposes an optimized modal balancing approach for flexible rotors. The vibration modes of the rotor are first obtained with experimental modal analysis based on the rotor's response signals while the rotor is speeding up. The rotor balancing strategy is subsequently optimized by the sensitivity analysis of the mode shapes. Orthogonal trial masses are obtained based on the orthogonality of each vibration mode, and the correction masses are finally calculated by using the influence coefficients of the trial masses. An experimental result is shown to demonstrate and validate that the proposed approach is able to achieve superior accuracy compared to the conventional MBM.


Pheiffer Hall was built of stone in Ewha Womans University in 1935 and has well known as a typical Korean Modern Building for the woman institute for higher education with a outstanding construction. It has authorized as the 14th Registered Cultural Property in Seoul on 31th May 2002. Entrance of buildings is an essential design part for the first impression of an architecture. This study has a purpose to elucidate what the characteristics is affected from and how the characteristics are materialized on the focus of the entrance with the gothic decorative characteristics.


We consider a steady state problem for heat transfer in fins of various geometries, namely, rectangular, radial, and spherical. The
nonlinear steady state problem is linearizable provided that the thermal conductivity is the differential consequence of the term involving the heat transfer coefficient. As such, one is able to construct exact solutions. On the other hand, we employ the Lie point symmetry methods when the problem is not linearizable. Some interesting results are obtained and analyzed. The effects of the parameters such as thermogeometric fin parameter and the exponent on temperature are studied. Furthermore, fin efficiency and heat flux along the fin length of a spherical geometry are also studied.


A weighted Markov chain technique is used to determine the general distribution of the number of tie positions in a two candidate ballot. This may be interpreted as the distribution of the number of returns to the origin in an asymmetric random walk, when the particle at each step moves μ units in the positive direction and γ units in the negative direction, given the total number of positive steps and the number of negative steps. Explicit results are obtained when γ = 1, whereas the case of μ and γ ≠ 1 is solved in the form of a generating function.


We found that silicon isotopes can be effectively enriched when mono-phenyl derivative of SiF4 was used as the working substance. The chemical processes following the multi-photon dissociation of this molecule yield gaseous SiF4 and solid powders ofthe by-product substances. By tuning the wavenumber ofFEL beam at 961 cm � 1 , the minority isotopes 29 Si and 30 Si have been successfully enriched in the residual gas of the working substance. Further, 28 Si could be enriched to above 98% when irradiated with FEL beam of934 cm � 1 .


This letter refers to the Veterinary Pathology brief communication ''West Nile Virus Infection in Horses: Detection by Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, and ELISA'' by Toplu et al. The authors attempt to describe the clinicopathologic findings in naturally occurring West Nile virus (WNV) infection in horses. WNV was diagnosed in a foal by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques, and the presence of WNV antibodies was detected in 5 other horses with clinical signs suggestive of WNV infection. The foal was the only animal that received a complete postmortem and histological examination. The authors indicate that the clinical signs were ''consistent'' with West Nile virus infection. Clinical signs described are not specific since several other diseases may reveal with the same clinical presentation. In the method for immunohistochemistry they refer to a fluorescence antibody technique, but the represented image (Figure 3) is not of such technique. Instead, it depicts an indirect peroxidase DAB technique with brown staining. This immunohistochemical image consists of a cerebral blood vessel with endothelial and periendothelial staining; however, several other surrounding cells are labeled as well. West Nile flavivirus in horses is not characterized by frequent and abundant staining and is not characterized by the endothelial infection seen in avian species. In the image there is also evidence of nuclear staining although RNA flavivirus infection is not characterized by nuclear infection. In Figure 2, which represents the in situ hybridization (ISH) localization of the flavivirus nucleic acid, as also observed in the IHC viral detection image, all the cells types in the field are labeled, with extension of the staining almost diffusely into the neuropil without clear cut localization in fibers or cytoplasm. In summary, WNV IHC, and ISH stain appearance, distribution, and localization in this manuscript suggest nonspecific staining. The authors also describe that the foal is affected by lymphadenomegaly, lymphoid tissue necrosis, and hepatocellular necrosis. These are all lesions that do not occur with an equine WNV infection in horses. The presence of these lesions and the dubious IHC and ISH staining suggest that this foal was affected by another, perhaps more significant, condition and that WNV was not necessarily a significant cause of disease in this foal if present at all (no confirmatory polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was performed). Regarding the other horses, it seems that we will never know for sure either if WNV was the cause of their disease since the necropsy findings were not reported and the antibody of the competitive ELISA kit used for the detection of anti-pr-E antibodies crossreacts with Japanese Encephalitis viruses and the tick-borne encephalitis virus. The preferred way for the postmortem diagnosis of West Nile virus infection in mammals is PCR testing of brainstem tissue along with the histologic identification of rhombencephalomyelitis with perivascular lymphohistiocytic cuffs, sparse phagocytic glial nodules, and ring hemorrhages. The intralesional viral antigen will be scant and contained in the cytoplasm of a few neurons, nerve fibers, and small aggregates of glial cells. In some cases numerous sections (sometimes more than 10) will have to be processed to detect the viral antigen. Combination of diagnostic tests is very often the best approach to a diagnosis and caution should be used in the interpretation of IHC and ISH.


Budgeted learning under constraints on both the amount of labeled information and the availability of features at test time pertains to a large number of real world problems. Ideas from multi-view learning, semisupervised learning, and even active learning have applicability, but a common framework whose assumptions t these problem spaces is non-trivial to construct. We leverage ideas from these elds based on graph regularizers to construct a robust framework for learning from labeled and unlabeled samples in multiple views that are non-independent and include features that are inaccessible at the time the model would need to be applied. We describe examples of applications that t this scenario, and we provide experimental results to demonstrate the eectiveness of knowledge carryover from training-only views.


In this paper we have defined the generalized Garrett-Stanojevic cosine sums n hn(x)= ES rAr ap p=0 and have proved that under suitable coniditions hn -h in the Ll-norm, where h(x) = ao/2 + 1??=1 an cos nx. If r = 1, then hn(x) reduces to the modified cosine sums introduced by Rees and Stanojevic.


A pilot needs operational information about wind over sea as well as wave height to provide safety of hydroplane landing on water. Near-surface wind speed and direction can be obtained with an airborne microwave scatterometer, radar designed for measuring the scatter characteristics of a surface. Mostly narrow-beam antennas are applied for such wind measurement. Unfortunately, a microwave narrow-beam antenna has considerable size that hampers its placing on flying apparatus. In this connection, a possibility to apply a conventional airborne radar altimeter as a scatterometer with a nadir-looking wide-beam antenna in conjunction with Doppler filtering for recovering the wind vector over sea is discussed, and a measuring algorithm of sea surface wind speed and direction is proposed. The obtained results can be used for creation an airborne radar system for operational measurement of the sea roughness characteristics and for safe landing of a hydroplane on water.


In this paper, we propose a noise reduced tone mapping method based on information content weights, where the perceptually unimportant pixels are smoothed during the decomposition in two steps. First, a saliency-based information content weight is introduced to give high fidelity to the data term based on the ratio of the local pixel power and the overall noise power in the base layer decomposition. Then, the detail layer is subtracted using the mutual information-based information content weight from the original image luminance and the clean base layer. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the improvements of both signal-to-noise ratio and visual quality.


Chondrosarcoma arising in the nasal septum is an uncommon lesion, with fewer than 40 cases reported in the English-language literature.U" Moreover, in only 1 of these reports is the role of modern imaging techniques stressed. 14 In fact, both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are extremely useful, not only in defining the location, dimensions, and involvement of surrounding structures, but also in providing diagnostic clues all information of critical importance when planning invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. The characteristic ring-forming calcifications seen on CT scans can point to the correct diagnosis and are related to the pattern of calcification inside the tumor. 14 On the other hand, MRI studies may allow an accurate definition of tumor extension, which is of critical importance, because radical resection is the treatment goal. CASE REPORT


In this article, the links between neighbour relationships, gender and morality are explored from an ethnomethodological perspective. Talk between disputing neighbours was analysed for instances of gender relevance and subsequent moral assessment of neighbourly activities. Data from two contexts were recorded: neighbour mediation and televised disputes. The data were transcribed and subsequently analysed using Membership Categorization Analysis, an approach that examines speakers' situated categorizations of themselves and others and tracks the emergence of cultural and moral knowledge about social life. It was found that neighbours' complaints and defences were gendered in terms of categorizations of and about women. Three inter-related themes emerged in this gendering of neighbour relations. The first was that of `motherhood' and its role in warranting not just complaints about women neighbours, but also defences against complaints. Second, women's relationship status was regularly invoked. The categorization of `single woman' emerged in accounts as a source of complaint or defence. Third, speakers' juxtapositions of certain activities with the category `woman' were treated as breaches of the moral order. Overall, neighbour disputes were routinely gendered activities in which being a woman was treated as sufficient warrant for complaints between neighbours.


The electron‐impact‐induced dissociations of cyclopropane are determined from the appearance of potentials of the several ions formed. In general, the dissociations involve a considerable amount of atomic rearrangement, and the evidence points to the opening of the carbon ring in the formation of the C3 ions. The energy required to convert cyclopropane to ethylene and methylene is found to 77 kcal/mole, from which it is estimated that the C–C bond dissociation energy in cyclopropane is at least 50 kcal/mole. The unexpectedly good agreement of the values of the heat of formation of an ion formed by electron impact from several different sources is noted, and a question is raised as to the role of activation energies in the electron‐impact dissociations of polyatomic molecules.


'If you had a larger place where you could take in more people, that's what I would say I would want for this clinic.' 'The stethoscopes and blood pressure cuffs do not work a lot of the times.' 'Just, like, let more people know it's there.' Conclusions Our exploration of themes that arose in our standardized interviews revealed that SRCs, across all communities, have a robust role. Even as patients recognize limitations of the clinics, they experience significant advantages unique to the SRCs which continue to bring them back, even when other options exist.


Background: Previous studies examining the prognostic value of glucose transporter 1 in breast cancer have yielded inconsistent results. We, therefore, performed a meta-analysis to clarify this issue. Methods: The research was reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. Results: A total of 7 reports with 1861 patients were finally chosen. GLUT1 overexpression was found to be associated with high histological grade (OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.45–5.69, P < .001), negative PR status (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22–0.49, P < .001), and negative estrogen receptor (ER) status (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.17–0.42, P < .001). However, no significant correlation was seen between GLUT1 levels and presence of lymph node metastasis, tumor size or the status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Overexpression of GLUT1 also correlated with a poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–2.31, P = .004) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.4–3.94, P < .001). No evidence of significant publication bias was found. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that GLUT1 expression is associated with poor prognostic and a series of clinicopathological features in breast cancer. GLUT1 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.


Traditional epistemology, since Kant, has investigated the problem of knowledge in terms of the principles and representations which Reason makes up from things outside of the mind. However, such an investigation assumes a certain conception of Reason and its reasons. So, what are the reasons of Reason? In this essay, it is suggested that traditional epistemology, which provided a solid basis for the conception of modern thought, has elaborated a concept of Reason whose roots are found in two key moments in Western History. The first is that of the Enlightenment movement which declared itself anti-philosophical (that is to say, "anti-speculative") and that, with Condorcet, among others - saw in mathematics an ideal of certainty where the individual's subjectivity was replaced by an abstract entity that will later be called the "epistemic subject" - a subject emptied of voice and feelings to which one leaves only the mind. The second key moment is identified with the birth of what Max Weber called the "instrumental reason" - which is characterized by a systemization of empirical knowledge and their transformation in general principles - whose aim is to make predictions. This essay relates two recent pivotal moments that shook up modern thinking as we know it and that have achieved what we have termed the denaturalization of Reason. These two moments are : (i) the great efforts undertaken by the anthropologists since the beginning of the century in order to understand the mentality of other peoples (a problem which arose following the colonization campaigns) and (ii) the crisis of the idea of representation which ensued from the post-modernist critiques. At the end of this esssay, we suggest that a broader conception of rationality, open to incorporate the different voices and perspectives of the students, may permit the introduction of more diversified educational practices in the teaching of mathematics at school.


This study evaluated the effects of Nigella sativa (NS) on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients of metabolic syndrome. We conducted an open lebeled study to test the efficacy of Nigella sativa as an antihypertensive in patients of metabolic syndrome. Pat ients were randomly divided into two groups (n=45 each). In group I (Std), patients were advised amlodipine 5 mg once a day, atenolol 50 mg once a day and atorvastatin 10 mg once a day for a period of eight weeks. In group II (NS group) patients were advised recommended doses of Nigella sativa (NS) in addition to abovementioned drugs for a period of eight weeks. Aspirin 150 mg was given in both groups. Each subject's BP was measured at the beginning of the study, then once every two weeks during the study. Measurements were always made at the same place and time after 15 min of rest. Venous blood was also collected from each subject before and after the study.NS significantly lowered SBP, DBP and LDL-c after 8 weeks. The NS group showed significant improvement with reference to SBP, DBP & LDL-cholesterol (P value < 0.05). Nigella sativa oil was found to be effective antihypertensive agent in patients of metabolic syndrome. The various mechanisms that may be responsible for antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa are centrally acting antihypertensive activity, calcium channel blocking activity and its diuretic activity.


European technology assessment has been gaining ground continuously since the 1970s. However, the European technology assessment scene remains diverse and fragmented. This paper attempts to show some aspects of the variety of ideas, approaches and functions that characterize the European technology assessment scene, namely those that can be traced to national technology assessment systems. It is argued that technology assessment systems incorporate the links between science, technology and policy, as well as an intermediation by technology assessment researchers and practitioners. Differences between national technology assessment systems in 6 European countries (France, Germany, the UK, The Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark), are demonstrated through a survey of technology assessment expertise. Drawing on the pictures of the 6 national systems, the paper comments on European technology assessment and the issues with which it is faced.


With the fiber diameter of electrospun PVDF membrane in lithium cells measured by FE-SEM and the test sample designed by the BBD of RSM , a Quadratic multiple regression model got .The R-Squared(0.9466) and Adeq Precision(13.095) illustrated the model fitted the sample very well , small fluctuations between predicted and actual values also said the same result . Under taking analysis of variance and significance test of the model found that acetone mixed ratio, concentration, interaction of mixing ratio and concentration of acetone, interaction of concentration and electric field strength were significant influencing factors.


The factors of the environmental and interference sources which affecting the stability of CNC system are analyzed,and on this basis,the anti-interference ways for the CNC system are presented.As far as the disturbance source be concerned,the ways are presented respectively from hardware and software as well as other measures.


Prestack shot-domain wave-equation depth migration can produce better quality images than Kirchhoff methods (Albertin et al., 2001). Most wave-equation migrations based on downward continuation, however, are restricted to seismic data which is regularly and densely sampled in space, datumed to a planar surface, and has no significant anisotropic effects. This prevents application of waveequation migration to most land data, and in particular to areas with rugged topography. Here we describe how to overcome these limitations. Migration from surface in anisotropic media and data regularization are necessary steps to remove these restrictions. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by comparing Kirchhoff and wave-equation migrations on a synthetic data example simulating conditions in the Canadian Rockies, and on real data examples from the fold and thrust belt area of the Alberta foothills. The focus is on examples rather than on theoretical analysis, but necessary theory, in particular the modifications to standard wave-equation migration method, is explained in full.


This book is devoted to an emerging branch of Information Fusion based on new approach for modelling the fusion problematic when the information provided by the sources is both uncertain and (highly) conflicting. This approach, known in literature as DSmT (standing for Dezert-Smarandache Theory), proposes new useful rules of combinations.


After the Korea-Japan comfort women's agreement, two films <Spirit's Homecoming> and <Snowy Road> were released with the audience's attention. Both films deal with the friendship of 'comfort women' girls. Unlike the existing 'comfort women' narratives, these two films are building a women's space based on a kind of sisterhood. The emergence of a new generation extends the story of personal friendship to the community level of sisterhood. In particular, <Snowy Road> suggests the possibility of a testimony that the 'comfort women' grandmother passes testimony to a new generation of women. In the cinematic present, it shows the possibility of feminist thinking of the 'comfort women' narrative. However, the representation of the colonial period does not deviate much from the existing patriarchal nationalistic viewpoint. It is typical that the 'comfort women' characters are still set with a pure and innocent girls of Chosun era.


The use of critical thinking in language teaching helps to cultivate the overall quality of talents. Therefore, critical thinking is of great significance to foreign language teaching. The paper starts with the concept and importance of critical thinking, briefly describes some of the difficult problems in foreign language teaching today, and finally puts forward the enlightenment of the cultivation of critical thinking on solving difficult problems in foreign language teaching.


Laser techniques have recently been described for treatment of patients with emphysema and bullous lung disease. Laser exposure of the pulmonary parenchyma during these procedures is complicated by laser‐induced lung injury with substantial associated morbidity. Animal investigations are needed to develop methods that reduce lung injury. We hypothesized that the depth of injury could be reduced by pulsing laser exposures, with the goal of limiting thermal effects to more superficial tissue levels. In this study, we compared acute and chronic histologic injury resulting from pulsed‐ versus continuous‐mode CO2 and Nd:YAG laser pulmonary parenchymal exposures in rabbits.


Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), associated with different species of the genus Candida, is a disorder caused by the abnormal growth of yeast fungi in the mucosa of the female genital tract. It is estimated that 75% of women will have an episode of VVC throughout their lives. Many risk factors are associated with the appearance of infection, such as pregnancy, obesity, clothing, inappropriate intimate hygiene, among other factors. The aim of the study was to analyze the susceptibility profile of Candida albicans in vaginal secretion samples from pregnant and non-pregnant patients in the private laboratory of Maceió-AL. Samples were obtained from patients submitted to vaginal secretion examination in the same Laboratory. The isolated compounds were purified for taxonomic confirmation of the species via chromogenic methods. Then, the diffusion-disc technique for the antifungal susceptibility test was carried out, following the criteria adopted by CLSI document M44-A2, where the yeasts were suspended in sterile distilled water and seeded on the Sabouraud agar surface, with the aid of sterile pockets to form wells, where the antifungals were added, each sample was processed in duplicate, then the plates were incubated at 35°C for 24h. Among the 200 samples obtained, there was a predominance of Candida albicans in pregnant and non-pregnant patients, approximately 69% of the samples. Regarding the susceptibility test, C. albicans presented about 60.90% sensitivity to ketaconazole, with inhibition halos superior than 40mm. Itraconazole presented greater resistance, with 79% of the isolated compounds, followed by fluconazole with 65.20%. Therefore, our results show the possibility of implementing the diffusion-disc technique in the routine of the laboratories for the antifungal susceptibility test for Candida species. With the intention of bringing to this public knowledge about the pathogenesis, so that they can thus decrease risk factors and incidence, resulting in the well-being of these women.


This investigation offers an analysis of the variation in the expression of purpose relations in a sample of 49 Amazonian languages. The most common strategies are conjunctions and converbs. Interestingly, in a number of Amazonian languages, positive purpose meanings are expressed with a conjunction or a converb in combination with other morphosyntactic properties. We briefly examine the areality of positive purpose clause-linkage patterns in four contact zones in the Amazonia: the Vaupés region, the Caquetá-Putumayo region, the Southern Guiana region, and the Marañon-Huallaga region. Besides analyzing the range of ways by which positive purpose clauses are realized in the sample, we also investigate avertive clauses in a number of languages of the database. Amazonian languages show an interesting typological picture in that they tend to have avertive markers which may be intraclausal or relational.


Plasmonic nanoparticles are exciting and promising candidates for light-activated catalysis. We report herein the use of plasmonic nanocubes for the activation of molecular hydrogen and the hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes via visible light irradiation at 405 nm, corresponding to the position of the plasmon band of the nanocubes, at 80 °C. Only 1 atm of molecular hydrogen is required to access, using catalytic amounts of silver, primary, and secondary alcohols, with complete chemoselectivty for C═O over C═C reduction. The resulting catalytic system was studied over a scope of 12 compounds. Exposure to other wavelengths, or absence of light failed to provide activity, thus proving a direct positive impact of the plasmonic excitation to the catalytic activity. By varying the irradiation intensity, we studied the relationship between plasmon band excitation and catalytic activity and propose a potential reaction mechanism involving plasmon-activated hot electrons. This study expands the scope of reacti...


Students come to CS from a variety of backgrounds and with a variety of preconceptions. Some initially select CS with a very vague idea of the field they are majoring in. In this paper, I describe CS undergraduates' view of the field of Computer Science. The approach was qualitative and cognitive: I studied what students think CS is and how students reasoned about their courses and curriculum. Through the use of grounded theory in 37 qualitative interviews with students and student advisors, I extracted three different conceptions about CS found in undergraduate CS majors using Grounded Theory. Overall, students had reasonable views of CS at a high level but lacked specifics. Students had difficulty describing subfields of CS or anticipating the content of courses they selected.


A multi-disciplinary study is underway to quantify the effects, if any, of mining operations on the ecology of the Middle Fly River floodplain. Extensive coring and sediment/flow process studies form the basis of the fieldwork, while analytical work undertaken in collaboration with CSIRO focuses on the factors affecting the partitioning and fate of copper during transport along the river. These studies will combine to provide input to biological programs addressing aquatic fauna.


In this paper, we present an opportunistic spectrum sharing (OSS) scheme with quality-of-service (QoS) support for the secondary users (SUs) with non-real-time (NRT) traffic and real-time (RT) traffic in the presence of unreliable spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). We also model the scheme using a 4-dimentional continuous-time Markov chain and derive spectrum sharing performance by taking the spectrum sensing errors into consideration. Our results show that the proposed scheme can improve the performance of SUs significantly and guarantee the QoS requirements of RT-SUs even under unreliable spectrum detection.


We present the first end-to-end solution to create high-quality free-viewpoint video encoded as a compact data stream. Our system records performances using a dense set of RGB and IR video cameras, generates dynamic textured surfaces, and compresses these to a streamable 3D video format. Four technical advances contribute to high fidelity and robustness: multimodal multi-view stereo fusing RGB, IR, and silhouette information; adaptive meshing guided by automatic detection of perceptually salient areas; mesh tracking to create temporally coherent subsequences; and encoding of tracked textured meshes as an MPEG video stream. Quantitative experiments demonstrate geometric accuracy, texture fidelity, and encoding efficiency. We release several datasets with calibrated inputs and processed results to foster future research.


The inner mitochondrial membrane contains many multi‐subunit complexes involved in processes such as protein insertion, oxidative phosphorylation and proteolysis. Oxa1, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, is a member of the highly conserved Oxa1/YidC/Alb3 family found throughout eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Oxa1 is responsible for the insertion of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix. Oxa1 exists in a homo‐oligomeric complex believed to be a tetramer. The precise mechanism explaining how Oxa1 functions is not known. Oxa1 null mutants are unable to grow on non‐fermentable carbon sources such as glycerol. This phenotype is observed due to the inability to insert and fully assemble complexes needed to function in oxidative phosphorylation.


Based on virtual prototype platform of XX breech system featured by contact and built ADAMS, this paper analyses the effect of shell stop mechanism abrasion in the breech system on shell stopping motion, brings forward the differences between even abrasion and uneven abrasion, and points out that the traditional understanding to the problem only be a subjective image and the actual uneven abrasion can be studied with virtual prototype method. Finally the feasibility of an improvement method on the breech system was researched based on uneven abrasion.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative importance of internal (sector-specific) and external (labor market) forces in sectoral wage formation in the Netherlands (1967-90). The results show that wages are largely determined by external forces, although internal forces are significant as well. The impact of the number of insiders, which plays a role in unemployment persistence, is not significant. Separate estimation results show that the impact of internal forces and of unemployment is weaker in the industrial sectors than in the service sectors. This casts doubt on the presumption that insider power increases the impact of internal forces on wage formation. Copyright 1996 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd


Large numbers of genetically stable, homozygous plants are needed for classical and molecular breeding programmes. In vitro anther culture has proved to be a useful tool for haploid/doubled haploid (DH) induction in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for more than twenty years. The present paper reports on a great improvement in the in vitro haploid induction and genome duplication methods routinely used for resistance breeding in sweet and spice peppers by two Hungarian research institutions, the Agricultural Biotechnology Center in Godollő and the Budapest Research Unit of the Vegetable Crops Research Institute. As a result of the colchicine-stimulated early genome induction method, the critically low (<0.1%) regeneration frequency of spice pepper types became ten times greater, reaching a value of around 1.0%, though this was still considerably lower than that achieved in pepper varieties for fresh consumption (5-10%). Moreover, the ratio of useful doubled haploids was far higher (H:DH = 1:2 or 1:4) in some c...


Few studies have analyzed the mixed effects of city size and land factors at the macro level on migrant socio-economic integration. On the basis of survey data on migrants in the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (PRDMR), this study developed a system of multidimensional indicators for analyzing the degree of migrant socio-economic integration and factors influencing it. This study demonstrated the following: (1) The overall degree of socio-economic integration of migrants in the PRDMR was low. Factors including city size, hometown landholding, year of birth, education level, gender, and migratory duration exerted effects of varying extents on the degree of the socio-economic integration of migrants. (2) Better job positions were offered and infrastructure was more developed in first-tier cities, so the degree of migrant economic integration was higher, and the sense of identity was stronger in first-tier cities. Given the low housing prices in second-tier cities, migrants therein were more likely to buy a house and achieve family integration, and the degree of their social integration was stronger. (3) In terms of source landholding factors, the degree of socio-economic integration was relatively low among the migrants who owned arable land and homesteads, and who were born outside Guangdong Province. The study tries to measure the socio-economic integration of immigrants more comprehensively and provide reference for the implementation of differentiated socio-economic integration policies and land transfer policies in the immigration and emigration areas.


Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a carcinogenic compound often encountered in contaminated aquifers. Cr(VI) can be found in groundwater either as the result of natural oxidation of the trivalent chromium, Cr(III), mainly contained in ultramafic rocks and serpentinites of ophiolitic complexes, or as the result of a wide range of anthropogenic activities. Many remediation technologies have been developed for Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifers. These technologies focus on decreasing toxicity, mobility and/or the potential for exposure by reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III), removing Cr from groundwater or confining Cr to a certain area by means of isolation or immobilization. Toxicity reduction methods include chemical and microbial reduction, which can occur naturally or by manipulating environmental conditions. These technologies immobilize Cr(VI) by fixing it on soil or reactive media, thereby reducing Cr(VI) levels in groundwater. Simple ex-situ removal technologies and especially Pump & Treat (P&T) used to be extensively applied. The high cost and its limited efficiency has made given impetus to increase the use of in-situ technologies, which address the problem at the location where it occurs. The purpose of this study is to summarize and present updated information on in-situ remediation technologies for Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifers. Given that the major mechanism for Cr(VI) remediation within an aqueous system is reduction, both biotic and abiotic processes were examined. Within this context, in-situ biological and chemical reduction technologies are discussed in detail. Also, mechanisms such as precipitation and sorption which can also be used for chromium immobilization and remediation of Cr(VI) polluted groundwater are described.


Since the introduction of QFD a lot has been written about the best way for its implementation and use. Numerous publications have developed normative models of how to succeed with QFD. When these ...


Small concentrations of hydrogen in titanium alloys, often less than 500 wppm, have detrimental effects on their load-carrying capabilities. The effect of internal hydrogen on sustained-load subcritical crack growth in titanium alloys had been extensively investigated (1-6). Internal hydrogen concentration as low as 50 wppm has been shown to significantly increase the sustained-load crack-growth rate and reduce the threshold stress intensity (K1h) in Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (2), particularly at low temperatures. Stress-assisted hydride formation was suggested as the rate-controlling process for sustained-load crack growth. Above 400 K, because of the instability of titanium hydride, the sustained-load crack-growth rate in titanium alloys is greatly reduced and in certain alloys, crack arrest can occur.


This document is Volume II of a two-volume report. It provides supporting information on equipment setup, decision theory, rationale for reward/penalty structures, experimental procedures, and detailed statistical analyses to indicate the reliability of the experimental data.


derivatives, a weak intermolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) interaction between the quinone (A) and the benzene or methylsubstituted benzene (D) moieties contributes to connect the molecules to a ribbon-like supramolecular unit.1,2 It seems reasonable that the benzene moiety substituted by methyl groups, which is better donor, tend to participate in the D-A interaction preferentially, for example in the case of 6,7dimethyl-TPQ. The o-dimethoxybenzene moiety in the title compound (1) is favorable for such a D-A interaction based on the elevated donor ability. On the other hand, however, its bulkiness seems to be unfavorable for the interaction, because D and A fragments of neighboring molecules must come close together to make a face-to-face contact between them. We determined the crystal structure of 1 in order to investigate which function is dominant in the crystalline state. The compound was prepared according to the literature.3 The single crystal of 1 used in the X-ray work was crystallized from its benzene solution. Reflections were measured on a Rigaku-AFC5R diffractometer with Mo Kα radiation (2θ < 50 ̊) at 295 K. Crystal data and experimental details are given in Table 1. The structure was solved by a direct method. Non-hydrogen atoms and the hydrogen atoms, except for those cited below, were included in the structure refinements without any constraints applying anisoand iso-tropic displacement parameters, respectively. The positions of the hydrogen atoms (H2, H11, H12, H13 and H15) were calculated, and were included in the refinement with isotropic displacement parameters. Structure refinements against all F2 data (3138 reflections) gave Rw = 1405 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES DECEMBER 2002, VOL. 18 2002 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry


The objective of this study was to assess the abrasive effects of toothpastes and acidic F gels on sound and demineralized enamel. Pairs of enamel specimens were cut from bovine incisors, embedded in epoxy resin and polished. An artificial subsurface lesion of 80–90 µm depth was created in one specimen from each pair. The samples were covered with adhesive tape, thereby exposing the enamel for abrasivity testing. All samples were divided into six groups of 15 and brushed with a slurry (1:3) of F gel or toothpaste and human saliva. Brushing with water (control) or with slurry was carried out (16,000 strokes) using a medium toothbrush (load 275 g) mounted in a brushing machine. Abrasion was evaluated using laser profilometry, and was about 50% less on sound than on demineralized enamel (p < 0.001). In the latter, brushing with water (0.09 ± 0.03 µm) or with fluoride-free gel (0.08 ± 0.03 µm) resulted in negligible wear. With a medium-abrasive paste (1.76 ± 0.85 µm) and an acidic F gel (2.48 ± 0.72 µm), brushing abrasion was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than with a low-abrasive paste (0.84 ± 0.38 µm). The greatest wear (16.6 ± 10.8 µm) was observed with high-abrasive paste (p < 0.001), and here transversal microradiography revealed a complete loss of the pseudointact surface after brushing. In vitro formed caries-like lesions can be abraded (by toothbrushing) more easily than sound enamel; hence, initial white spot lesions should preferably be brushed with oral hygiene products of low abrasivity.


This paper aims to look at the family as a living, unique organism that evolves, transforms, and adapts according to certain conditions. With the birth of children come challenges and responsibilities that each family understands and directs differently. Assuming the parental role, translating it into desirable behaviors, family relationships, and identifying the parents' attitude towards education in general are prerequisites of how they will get involved in their child's school activities. Research results have shown that the more and more effective parents are involved, the better their children's cognitive development, academic achievement, and self-confidence increase. On the other hand, children in families with poor parental relationships will experience lower academic achievement and less confidence in their ability to cope with school tasks. Differences have also been reported between the involvement of mothers and fathers respectively, as well as some of the effects of parental absence on children.


This paper investigates how in-utero exposure to the Korean War affected health outcomes at old age. The probabilities of suffering from a particular type of functional limitation as well as having any disability were significantly higher in 2010 among the individuals born in 1951, who were in utero during the worst time of the war. The results of difference-in-difference estimations suggest that the magnitude of the adverse 1951 cohort effect on health is significantly larger for individuals whose places of birth were more seriously devastated by the war. The adverse long-term effects of in-utero exposure to the Korean War found in this study are unlikely driven by selection bias: the subjects of the 1951 birth cohort were actually positively selected in terms of parental characteristics in 1960. 1 This is an incomplete draft prepared for presentation at the 2014 APEBH conference. Please do not cite without permission of the author. I thank J. Kim for making arrangements for using the micro sample of the 2010 census in the Korean Statistical Office.


Abstract We marked hatchery-reared striped bass Morone saxatilis (145–265 mm total length) with internal anchor tags and monitored retention for 28 months after stocking in the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina. Anchor tags (with an 18-mm, T-shaped anchor and 42-mm streamer) were surgically implanted ventrally, and coded wire tags (1 mm long and 0.25 mm in diameter) were placed into the cheek muscle to help identify subsequent recaptures. The estimated probability of retention (SD) of anchor tags was 0.94 (0.05) at 4 months, 0.64 (0.13) at 16 months, and 0.33 (0.19) at 28 months. Of 10 fish recaptured with only coded wire tags, 5 showed an externally visible wound or scar near the point of anchor tag insertion. The incidence of wounds or scars, which we interpreted as evidence of tag shedding, increased to 50% in recaptures taken at 28 months (three of six fish). Our estimates for retention of anchor tags were generally lower than those in other studies of striped bass, possibly because of differ...


Brain neurons can transmit signals using a flow of Na+ and K+ ions, which produce an electrical spike called an action potential (AP) (Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952). After an AP, the Na+/K+ pump resets the arrangement of Na+ and K+ ions back to their original positions so that the neuron is then ready to relay another AP when it is called upon to do so (Glitsch, 2001). So, the Na+/K+ pump has a "housekeeping" role rather than a direct role in brain signaling. This is the long-held, entrenched viewpoint. However, novel research upon cerebellar Purkinje neurons suggests that the Na+/K+ pump may have a direct role in brain coding and computation (Forrest, 2008, 2014a,b; Forrest et al., 2009, 2012). This research was conducted in 2006–2007, and presented in a 2008 Ph.D. thesis (Forrest, 2008), but has only been published relatively recently. In the intervening period it was serially rejected by reviewers and journals that were uncomfortable with this re-appraisal of Na+/K+ pump function. Purkinje neurons are found in the cerebellum, responsible for motor control (Ito, 1984).


In this article, a unique and innovative design for addressing the speed synchronization problem in a multi-motor system using Brush less DC (BLDC), motors is presented by utilizing motor back emf equation and rotor position commonly called sensor less technique. In the proposed method, the system is modelled as a consensus problem of leader following multi-agent system (MAS), and a hybrid controller is designed by using Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) along with Variable Structure (VS) control technique of Sliding Mode Control (SMC), herein called Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Control (VS-MRAC). The consensus algorithm of MAS (reformed w.r.t motor speed data), is fused with the hybrid controller to reach consensus on speed regulated by proposed hybrid controller. The stability of a system is endorse by designing a Lyapunov function. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is proven by simulations performed in MATLAB and the acquired results validate the success of proposed design methodology.


Abstract The origin of human language has been a perennial – and perennially controversial – topic in linguistics since the nineteenth century. Much of this work has engaged themes Charles Darwin set out in The Descent of Man, though few authors acknowledge the text directly. How might we interpret such neglect? This essay contends that Darwin's reflections on language challenged foundational commitments in linguistics about the barrier between the history and prehistory of human communication. These commitments are thrown into relief through a detailed study of the dissenting symbolic and gestural theory of language origin put forth by Mary LeCron Foster, who rejected doctrines of linguistic arbitrariness and transformational-generative grammar. Her work on the frontier between animal and human communication is presented through a description of her 'phememic' account of the language origins. The paper also emphasizes the rhythm of Foster's career, which provides a significant counterpoint to standard accounts of the development and institutionalization of American linguistics during the twentieth century.


Plasma cleaning of solid surfaces is one of the hot topics of the very fast developing field of plasma treatment of materials. Plasma cleaning has been implemented already in several industries such as semiconductor processing and microchip fabrication, metallurgy, the optical industry, dentistry, medical technologies, food packaging – to name just the most important areas. Understanding the basic of plasma cleaning is very important, if not critical for the efficient and effective utilization of plasma cleaning technologies as well as for applying it to new fields. This tutorial paper is the continuation of our previous papers on non-thermal plasmas and describes some basics aspects of plasma cleaning.


A pds zero-slope protection siphonic drainage and collection system, comprising macromolecular protection drainage specially-shaped plates (3), a siphonic drainage groove (5), a diameter-variable pipe (7), an observation well (8), and a water collecting well (9). The macromolecular protection drainage specially-shaped plates (3) and the siphonic drainage groove (5) are laid on a building structure (1); a geotextile (4) is further provided on the macromolecular protection drainage specially-shaped plates (3) and the siphonic drainage groove (5); the top of the siphonic drainage groove (5) is connected to a ventilation observation pipe (6); the siphonic drainage groove (5) is in communication with the observation well (8) by means of the diameter-variable pipe (7); the observation well (8) is in communication with the collection well (9) by means of a pipe; a water-collecting ventilation observation pipe (10) is further connected to the top of the collection well (9). The drainage system does not require a slope, and the collected water can be reused.


The analysis and detection of spacial cluster are useful for support decisions on many areas, like health and public security. Kulldorff's Circular Scan method, one of the most known and used, received extensions for better performance on problems that include a great presence of zeros and a bayesian approach, which presents computational advantages and allows the incorporation of prior information. This work presents a review and an adaptation of the works of Kulldorff (1997), Cancado et al. (2014) and Neill et al. (2006) (Scan Binomial, Scan ZIB, Scan ZIB-EM and Scan Beta-Binomial statistics) and proposes the Scan ZIBB and Scan ZIBB-Gibbs statistics, using the Bayesian approach for zero-inflated data. The methods are compared with simulated data and applied to the study of cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (FHD) in the state of Rio de Janeiro (2011). The proposed methods exhibit good results. Key-words: Statistics. Spacial Analysis statistics. Bayesian statistics. Cluster Detection. Zero-Inflated Binomial.


Purpose : The purpose of present study was to determine the relationship between irrational beliefs, anger expression and optimism among students in Islamic Azad University of Kish branch.  Method: This study was a descriptive study. Statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University of Kish branch, among which 100 subjects were selected as sample by convenience sampling method and responded to Jones`s Irrational beliefs questionnaire, Spielberger's anger control test and optimism test of  LOT (Life Orientation Test ).  Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that the higher the irrational beliefs and anger expression of students is, the less their optimism will be. Also, the variables of helplessness in the face of change and emotional irresponsibility can predict optimism in students. In addition, the variables of helplessness in the face of change and trouble


The new Companies Act of India 2013 has laid emphasis on the role of an audit committee and remuneration committee in Indian firms. Considering these changes, the present study examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance of Indian firms listed publicly on the National Stock Exchange CNX-500 during the period 2004-2013; including two relatively underexplored variables - audit committee and remuneration committee. The results are cross-checked for the period of the post-enactment of the new Companies Act, that is, 2014-2018. In order to investigate the relationship, panel feasible generalised least squares method is applied. The major findings of the study suggest that promoter shareholding, the frequency of audit committee meetings, and audit committee independence have a significant and positive impact on the performance of firms. These new findings would be useful for organisations similar to the ones considered in the study in other lower-middle income economies or small and medium enterprises which are not listed on stock exchanges.


Researches on Anti-Corruption have found that politics, economics, and culture have a relation to corrupt practices. However, what about the influence of religion on corruption? Recently, there is an increasing interest in understanding the relationship between religion and corruption; could religion prevent corruption? This paper discusses the effect of religiosity on bureaucratic corruption in Indonesia. The results show that corrupt practices are negatively associated with religious heritage, signifying that religious culture takes a positive role in delimiting corrupt practices of government officials since religion has an influence on the normative anti-corruption paradigm. This paper also finds the negative relationship between religion and corruption is weaker for people who had experience requested by an official to paid illicit payment, which identifies the substitution chance of religious ethic and law enforcement in curbing corruption. Given the very few studies and limited data resources in the context of Indonesia, this paper is only a tentative study to contributes to the discussion of religion and corruption relations.


Other-race effect in face recognition is the tendency for individual of one race to have more difficulty recognizing and memorizing faces of members of other races than their own. For nearly four decades,a series of studies explored in the fields of Cognitive and Social Psychology has shown the existence and powerful impact of other-race effect. This paper,based on the existing studies,disscussed the causes of other-race effect and the ways to reduce other-race effect.


Galactic Gamma ray astronomy at very high energy (E > 30 TeV) is a vital tool in the study of the non-thermal universe. The interpretation of the observations in this energy region requires the precise modeling of the attenuation of photons due to pair production interactions, where the targets are the radiation fields present in interstellar space. For gamma rays with energy E > 300 TeV the attenuation is mostly due to the photons of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). At lower energy the most important target are infrared photons with wavelengths in the range 50-500 micron emitted by dust. The evaluation of the attenuation requires a good knowledge of the density, and energy and angular distributions of the target photons for all positions in the Galaxy. In this work we discuss a simple model for the infrared radiation that depends on only few parameters associated to the space and temperature distributions of the emitting dust. The model allows to compute with good accuracy the effects of absorption for any space and energy distribution of the diffuse Galactic gamma ray emission. The absorption probability due to the Galactic infrared radiation is maximum for E around 150 TeV, and can be as large as P_abs around 0.45 for distant sources on lines of sight that pass close to the Galactic Center. The systematic uncertainties on the absorption probability are estimated as Delta P_abs < 0.08.


Production of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films from 100 nm evaporated aluminum (on silicon) was studied in order to determine the effects of voltage, temperature and acid concentration on the diameter, interpore distance, and long-range order of the holes. The largest change observed was found in the voltage experiments using concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), where the voltage was varied from 10-60V. Pores were produced even at low voltages with 30 nm interpore distance. This aforementioned arrangement has allowed for the smallest AAO pores to be found in any such experiment to date.


Integrated geophysical and rock property studies of the Sudbury Structure have revealed it is highly deformed with substantial NS shortening in the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Understanding the nature and extent of deformation is essential to determining the original shape of the structure and the results of these studies are sufficient to discount many of the objections to an impact origin.


Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the leading emerging technologies of Industry 4.0, which has been employed to develop sustainable engineering products, customized implants and sophisticated biomedical devices. However, the mechanical strength and durability of 3D printed parts is still lower than its conventional counterparts, which restrict its widespread use. In this regard, the use of short fibres (i.e. natural or artificial) and advanced nanomaterials to reinforce the existing polymer matrix has been drastically increased to improve the load bearing capacity of FDM printed parts. Hence, this article aims to provide a systematic review on thermoplastic composite structure prepared through FDM technology and summarizes the current knowledge about the use of various additives to improve the overall quality FDM parts. Moreover, the common defects associated with FDM printed composite structures and the methods required to improve the quality of FDM composite parts are discussed in this article.


The demand for advancement of the accuracy and productivity n production systems continues to increase. At the heart of these roduction demands are high-speed machine tools and multiasking machine tools; at the heart of these machine tools are their pindles. These spindles continue to increase in variety, maximum peed, and number of spindles per machine; therefore, standardzation and accurate and efficient tests of spindle performance ave been demanded by the pursuit of productivity. Especially eedful are tests at full operating speed rather than simple static easurements. With these points as background, the ISO standard on "Geoetric accuracy of axes of rotation ISO230-7 " was released in 006 as the universal performance test method for machine tool pindles to help comply with these ever increasing demands. Given these current demands, the publication of Precision pindle Metrology is very significant. This book will be very helpul to the study of the necessary concepts and techniques in the easurement and analysis of spindle performance. Because the ontents of the book are detailed and practical, it will help estabish a complete system for the metrology of precision spindles. he book addresses all of the important considerations for spindle etrology:


PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mitologia. Literatura. Romance. ABSTRACT: In this article, we shall show, in an intertextual aspect, the ratio of the work of Archaic Farming Raduan Nassar, the myths of: Baco, Pandora and King Edipo, shows some brief remarks about the study of myth, the trajectory of the novel, seeking to clarify a number of interpretations that a work can present. KEYWORDS: Mythologies. Literature. Novel.


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (1) Chimeras of the type (P, X P2)Fi-Pi have a fragile state of T cell tolerance toP2 antigens. Though no ongoing response to P2 antigens can be detected in thespleen at the time of its removal, anti-P2 MHC responses can be provoked invitro (Tc cell generation), or in vivo (skin graft rejection). These results imply thatanti-P2 T cell precursors are present in these mice but are usually suppressed.If the idiotypes of anti-P2 T cells crossreact with those of anti-P2 + X T cells,then this could contribute to the observed bias of H-2 restricted responses to Rantigens of Pi type,(2) Lymphomyeloid cells of (PiXP2)Fi origin that repopulate the lymphoidtissues of irradiated Pi mice can apparently express less P2 MHC antigens thannormal Fi cells. If this contributes to the fragile state of T cell tolerance to P2antigens in the secondary lymphoid tissues of chimeras, it implies that inductionor maintenance of self tolerance to MHC antigens is quantitatively dependentupon MHC antigen expression,(3) The amount of H-2 antigen expressed on lymphomyeloid cells apparentlydepends not only on the genotype of the stem cells from which they are derived,but on the environment in which lymphomyeloid differentiation takes place.