In Romania, in the mountainous area, due to the less favourable life environment, the man created, in the extent of the possibilities, conditions to live and livelihoods, radically transforming the region. As study area, we chose Gârda de Sus commune, where the exploitation of resources maintains even nowadays traditional techniques. The grasslands, in general, have a very important part in locals' life, because they represent the base of animal growing both during summer time, as well as during the indoor in winter time, the hay being the only accessible fodder. The pastoral landscape, especially, and the mountainous one in general, have been studied through the landscape elements formed as result of human activities in time. The managing practices of land have created a mosaic landscape dominated by landscape elements which individualises it. Among these, the following distinguish themselves: enclosures, rocks piles, isolated trees, lopped spruces, Fagus with contorted trunk, houses with roof made of spruce and fir branches, hay stacks, fallowed terraces, enclosed arable land patches, forest grazing, meadows with plum trees, permanent and seasonal houses traditionally built, houses built at high altitude etc.


The study attempted to examine whether there is a positive correlation between youth entrepreneurship development and poverty alleviation in sierra lone. In executing this study Sierra Leone is use as a case study analysis. The questionnaire was administered to 150 SMEs owners who included youth entrepreneurs who come to china to do business in Guangzhou, 100 questionnaires were administered in Freetown and 50 were administered online to Sierra Leonean youth's entrepreneurs and workers living in Liberia, Ghana and Guinea. One on one interview was conducted with staff of National Youths Commission, the Executive Director Call to Business Micro-Finance and Presenter Life by Design SL and Head of Privatization Commission in Sierra Leone -2016. The quantitative data was analysis using SPSS and the qualitative data was analyzed using interpretation. Theoretical and empirical literatures were reviewed to identify a suitable model for the present study. However, the research findings and results reveal that there is a strong positive relationship between youth entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation, which means youth entrepreneurship, could be use as strategy for poverty reduction in Sierra Leone and other MRU countries.


Purpose:To compare the surgical outcomes of combined corneal-incision cataract surgery and viscocanalostomy (phaco-VCS) with or without the adjunctive peeling of juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) in 136 patients of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Methods:In a prospective clinical trial, 63 eyes underwent phaco-VCS (Peeling (−) group), and 73 eyes underwent phaco-VCS with the peeling of JCT (Peeling (+) group). The postoperative IOP, the probability of successful IOP reduction without medications, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results:The mean preoperative IOP of 19.9 ± 3.3 (±SD) mm Hg in the Peeling (−) group decreased significantly to 13.9 ± 6.8 at 3 days, 14.6 ± 3.1 at 12 months, and 15.5 ± 2.3 mm Hg at 24 months. The IOP of 20.2 ± 3.2 mm Hg in the Peeling (+) group decreased significantly to 11.4 ± 5.1 at 3 days, 14.9 ± 3.0 at 12 months, and 15.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg at 24 months. There was no significant difference in IOP levels between the two groups (P ≥ 0.1512) except for the IOP level at 3 postoperative days (P = 0.0265). The probabilities of achieving IOPs without medications under 21 mm Hg and 15 mm Hg at 24 months in the Peeling (−) groups were 61.0% and 10.4%, and those in the Peeling (+) group were 61.7% and 23.9% (P ≥ 0.4389). The incidences of IOP spike more than 30 mm Hg (7.9%) and fibrin formation (15.8%) in the Peeling (−) group were higher than in the Peeling (+) group (0%; P = 0.0195, 5.5%; P = 0.1907). Slit-lamp microscopic hyphema, which included red blood cells in the anterior chamber was observed in about half, and bleb formation more than 1 month was less than 5% in both groups. Conclusion:Postoperative IOPs were significantly decreased in both groups. Although the peeling of JCT was not enhanced in long-term reduction of the IOP, it lowered IOP at postoperative 3 days and the incidence of IOP spike. The adjunctive procedure would be beneficial to glaucoma patients in phaco-VCS.


This study was conducted to evaluate chemical parameters on butchery wastes as a bulking agent in composting of swine manure. Treatments included T1 ; Swine manure + Rice hull, T2 ; Swine manure + Rice hull + Vermiculite, T3 ; Swine manure + Rice hull + Perlite, T4 ; Swine manure + Vermiculite, T5 ; Swine manure + Vermiculite + Perlite, T6 ; Swine manure + Perlite, T7 ; Swine manure + Rice hull + Vermiculite + Perlite. During the composting period, changes of temperature and pH were showed traditionally composting trend. Moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen and C/N ratio were higher rice hull than vermiculite and perlite treatments. Ammonia-N and EC were not differences among the treatments. In heavy metal, Cd and Cr were showed higher in vermiculite treatments than other treatments. Rice hull treatments were decreased volatile fatty acids compared to that of other treatments. In conclusion, rice hull containing high organic content was greater composting effects than vermiculite and perlite containing low organic content.


A third generation Pentium/sup /spl reg//4 processor is designed to meet the challenges of a 90 nm technology. Design methodology allows scalability with increased transistor performance over the life of the process. Improved design for test techniques are developed to facilitate the debug process. We also discuss improved design automation techniques to reduce hand-drawn schematics.


A formula connecting the orthobaric density of a liquid and its temperature is developed in the form ρ = 2ρc [A (I - m)0.3 + (I - ½m)], where m is reduced temperature and A is a constant which varies slightly from liquid to liquid, and may be taken to have a mean value 0.91. The formula is a long-range one, and has been tested for thirty pure organic substances. It has been applied to the evaluation of expansion coefficients, and to show the manner in which free and total molecular surface energies vary with temperature.


In this paper we explore the connection between clustering categorical data and entropy: clusters of similar poi lower entropy than those of dissimilar ones. We use this connection to design an incremental heuristic algorithm, COOLCAT, which is capable of efficiently clustering large data sets of records with categorical attributes, and data streams. In contrast with other categorical clustering algorithms published in the past, COOLCAT's clustering results are very stable for different sample sizes and parameter settings. Also, the criteria for clustering is a very intuitive one, since it is deeply rooted on the well-known notion of entropy. Most importantly, COOLCAT is well equipped to deal with clustering of data streams(continuously arriving streams of data point) since it is an incremental algorithm capable of clustering new points without having to look at every point that has been clustered so far. We demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of COOLCAT by a series of experiments on real and synthetic data sets.


THE keynote of current educational thought seems to have been sounded by Professor John Dewey in his saying that, the school is not preparation for life: it is life. Education is to provide for the future needs of pupils by providing for their real present needs. One of the most notable and comprehensive tendencies of secondary education, and of all education, is accordingly the tendency to seek an understanding of the living, growing persons who go to school; and to treat them in a way to promote their healthy growth. This doctrine is sound at bottom. Persons are the most precious things in this life; and child persons as precious as persons fully matured. In this view we have true humanism. It is a view that makes the school interesting. It is moral; for what is morality after all but fullness of personal life? It is religious, too. "The knowledge of ourselves," said John Calvin, "is not only an incitement to seek after God, but likewise a considerable assistance toward finding him." On the one side, such doctrine as this is leading us into individualism. It prompts the demand for free election of studies in the secondary school; for individualized processes of instruction.


The most fundamental issue facing policymakers in
India is the question of the balance between government
and free markets. Throughout the postwar era,
India has adopted a highly interventionist approach.
But since 1991, the country has been deregulating
and liberalizing the domestic economy and opening it
to the world. However, India has remained cautious
in its approach to liberalization, an approach vindicated
in the light of comparisons with the East Asian
experience. Yet, reformers in India appear determined
to accelerate liberalization despite recent
events in East Asia. It is appropriate to use these
events as an opportunity to review the merits and
demerits of India's latest reform program.
Evidence from other Asian countries, as well as
from India itself, supports the maintenance of a certain
degree of Government intervention that is welfare-
enhancing. In particular, governments continue
to play an important role in designing and implementing
the institutional framework within which agents
can operate. Moreover, due to informational imperfections,
the credit market is a key platform for appropriate
and beneficial government intervention.
Therefore, governments should consider the pros and
cons of giving up control over monetary policy to
independent central bank


This research aims to discover the effect of SAVI learning models with the Probing-prompting technique in terms of self-concepts on students' mathematical conceptual understanding. The method used in this research was the quasi-experimental design. The experimental design used in this study was the post-test only design with a 3x3 factorial research design. The population in this study were 153 students. The sampling technique used was random. The normality test, homogeneity test, two way ANOVA test and Scheffe' method were used as data analysis techniques. The results showed that there is an influence of the SAVI learning model with probing-prompting techniques in terms of students' self-concepts on the ability to understand mathematical concepts compared to conventional learning models applied by teachers at school.


Decarbonisation of the electrical power system in Great Britain (GB) has impacted the dynamic behaviour of the power system, not least due to the reduction in system inertia. Following disturbance events on the power system, Fast Frequency Phenomena (F2P) can be observed which may cause mal-operation of Loss-of-Mains (LoM) protection relays on distributed generation where the relays use Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) or Vector Shift (VS) to detect loss of mains. The research presented in this paper aims to validate a full model of the GB transmission system using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data from system events. The model is implemented in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory analysis software. Three types of F2P are compared in the period following the disturbance when LoM protection may be affected: simulation of electromagnetic (VS) phenomena shows some differences to actual PMU measurements, but the electromechanical and mechanical phenomena (affecting RoCoF) are in good agreement. The distribution of inter-area oscillation frequency modes following the disturbances are also closely represented in the model. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that the model is suitable for F2P studies using Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation with real LoM protection relays.


This paper considers a class of wireline networks, derived from the well-known butterfly network, over which two independent unicast sessions take place simultaneously. The main objectives are to understand when network coding type of operations are beneficial with and without security considerations and to derive the ultimate gains that cooperation among sources and sinks can bring. Towards these goals, the capacity region of the butterfly network with arbitrary edge capacities is first derived. It is then shown that no rate can be guaranteed over this network under security considerations, when an eavesdropper wiretaps any of the links. Three variants of the butterfly network, such as the case of co-located sources, are analyzed as well and their secure and non-secure capacity regions are characterized. By using the butterfly network and its variants as building blocks, these results can be used to design high-throughput achieving transmission schemes for general multiple-unicast networks.


This study aimed to find out: (1) the increase of capital in KPN Keluarga Sehati SMKN-2 Palangkaraya 2008-2013; (2) The increase of SHU in KPN Keluarga Sehati SMKN-2 Palangkaraya 2008-2013; (3) is there any correlation between capital enhancement to SHU in KPN Keluarga Sehati SMKN-2 Palangkaraya 2008-2013. The population were all committee members and staffs. The data were data primer (transaction posts in final income which has correlation to capital enhancement and SHU). Data secondary data (the committee report in the final period income which has correlation to capital enhancement and SHU. This study used interview and documentation. Data analysis used two steps: calculation and finishing technique of data analysis used product moment Karl Pearson, and to analyze the correlation degree and to compare the correlation gained or identified �r�. if �r� is bigger than r critic it is significant. The significant score automatically reject Ho accepted Hi, based on the significant level 5%. Involve in �r� product moment. the result described as following: (1) the capital enhancement in KPN Keluarga Sehati SMKN-2 Palangkaraya in 2008-2013 increased in each year; (2) the enhancement income in KPN Keluarga Sehati SMKN-2 Palangkaraya in 2008-2013 increased and decreased each year; (3) the correlation between capital enhancement and income enhancement in KPN Keluaraga sehati SMKN-2 Palangkaraya has no correlation, it caused of the committee prior is to welfare members than profit.


We propose a scheme for fault detection and tolerance of the hexapod robot locomotion on even terrain. The fault stability margin is defined to represent potential stability which a gait can have in case a sudden fault event occurs to one leg. Based on the scheme, the fault tolerant quadruped periodic gaits of the hexapod walking over perfectly even terrain are derived. It is demonstrated that the derived quadruped gait is the optimal one which the hexapod can have maintaining fault stability margin nonnegative, and a geometric condition should be satisfied for the optimal locomotion. By this scheme, when one leg is in failure, the hexapod robot has the modified tripod gait to continue the optimal locomotion with one leg in failure.


Movements performed by eleven specimens of Coluber viridiflavus were recorded for two years in a hilly area of central Italy. Each snake homed to a primary shelter after each excursion. The primary shelter was also used as a hibernaculum. Excursions could be classified in three ways: simple loops lasting only one day, complex loops lasting two or more days and characterized by the use of sec- ondary shelters, and large loops lasting up to about one month and having a total length up to 3 km. The three kinds of excursions were related to distinct functions. Simple loops were performed almost exclu- sively to reach basking sites; complex loops were exploratory trips, probably related to foraging; exceptional excursions were related to reproductive activity. Males were generally more mobile than females. Their home ranges were larger than those of the females (0.17 ? 0.06 ha and 0.05 ? 0.01 ha, respectively) as regards the core area (minimum convex polygon enclosing all the positions recorded during simple loops); the outer area (polygon enclosing all the fixes recorded during complex loops) was about the same size in both sexes (0.99 ? 0.01 ha in the males and 0.95 ? 0.31 ha in the females, respectively).


The present invention relates to a cup extraction capsule for producing a coffee beverage. 1 cup extraction capsule has a capsule base body, woven fabrics and beverage material disposed therein, wherein the beverage material, because it is stored in a cup extraction within the capsule, and pressurized hot water It is installed to be extracted from the capsule through the textile substrate by. Beverage materials are substantially powdery comprises roasted ground beans of coffee powder, the color value of the roasted coffee is 50 to 150.


In this study techniques of fractal analysis as well as a home made device are proposed to characterize viscoelastic properties on mammalian erythrocyte membranes. A numerical method formulated on the basis of the fractal approximation for ordinary (OBM) and fractionary Brownian motion (FBM), is proposed to evaluate sensitive dependence on initial conditions. We hypothesize that this photometric temporal series, could be modeled as a system of bounded correlated random walk. Hence, three phase spaces n-dimensional (n=2 to 8) are generated, and used to distinguish chaotic from white noise behavior. The time series was obtained by ektacytometry over several millions of shear elongated cells. These experimental determinations were carried out in a home made device called erythrodeformeter, that has been built for rheological measurements on red blood cells subjected to definite fluid shear stress. A laser beam traverses the layer of shear deformed erythrocytes producing an elliptical pattern and diffracted intensity corresponding to each principal diameter of the diffraction pattern falls onto a photomultiplier tube (PMT), after passing through a thin straight slot in a mask placed exactly on the corresponding axis of the elliptical pattern. These photometric reading performed while erythrocytes became deformed and relaxed are used to calculate three different parameters over the time dependent process, and very different results were obtained.


For a practice so central to the discipline, geography's fieldwork tradition has attracted surprisingly little historical analysis, and its ideological significance for popular education in the past remains largely unexamined. In this paper I discuss the role of school fieldwork in the context of wider cultural and educational, as well as geographical, discourses. I begin by exploring the increasing scope and sophistication of outdoor activities in the locality of the school which, contrary to common assumptions, were an integral component of geography lessons from the early 1870s. This leads to closely focused discussion of systematic Local Survey, a practice often taken to characterise interwar school geography. Finally, I consider residential fieldtrips to entirely unfamiliar environments in distant localities which were, I suggest, manifestation of a far broader 'culture of the field' that increasingly suffused popular culture in Britain during the period. In sum, I argue that, whether in familiar local surroundings or unknown distant areas, fieldwork was most highly valued for its social, moral, and civic benefits, rather than for its contribution to geographical education, narrowly defined.


NEW MATERIAL: An intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) or its functional deriv. USE: An anti-inflammatory, a suppressant for delayed anaphylactic reaction, therapeutic drug for autoimmune diseases, and diagnostic drug for inflammation. PROCESS: For example, ICAM-1 is made soluble from cell membranes of fibroblasts to prepare a soluble ICAM-1. The obtd. ICAM-1 is introduced into an affinity-matrix column to which anti-ICAM-1 antibody is fixed so as to bond the ICAM-1 to the antibody. After all compds. not bonded to the antibody are removed, the adsorbed substance is eluted from the matrix to collect ICAM-1. Then the obtd. ICAM-1 is purified in a separation gel electrophoresis to obtain a purified ICAM-1. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


The international armed conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan are only the most apparent manifestation of the dilemmas that challenge the European liberal democracy. A much more crucial paradox, as far as certain European countries are concerned, is produced by the inertia of the democratic game it self. That is the construction of religious and ethnic affiliation as the very entrance ticket for immigrant populations to political participation. Taking departure in populism as the common denominator for major actors, as well as the characterising feature of the very arena for political competition between elites, e.g. media, the tendency becomes more and more obvious. Based on empirical evidences with Denmark as a critical case, that is both with regard to democracy and participation, this article introduces a "Theoretical proposition of Democratic Inconsistency", arguing for the emergence of a new development in liberal democracy, addressing a situation characterised by a growing ethnic division of specific European counties.


Purpose:To study the clinical activity, survival and toxicity of a new combination of chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Methods:Patients with stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included. Gemcitabine was administered on d 1,8 and 15 at a dose of 1?000 ?mg/m 2 and cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m 2 on d?1. The chemotherapy was repeated every 28 days. Results:Sixteen patients were evaluable for the response. the overall respone rate was 56.25% (partial response). The main toxicity was hematological:cycles of hemoglobin, neutropenia andthrombocytopenia of WHO grade Ⅲ—Ⅳ was 26.0%, 25.4% and 32.7%, respectively. The non hematological toxicity was mild and tolerable. Only in 10.9% of the patients was chemotherapy delayed due to drug toxicity. Quality of life of the patients was improved (there were 7 patients with Karnofsky score increased in 16 patients). Median remission duration was 8 months, and median survival time was not available. Conclusions:This regimen of gemcitabline and cisplatin is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. So it is worth to be further studied.


: Today use of clean energy is a correct problem for all of counties. One of important and successable new energy is solar energy in to face of wind energy that many developed and developing counries use wind energy. This reasearch evaluating wind potantial energy in north west of iran with fuzzy allgorithme. At first information wind data of north west stations for 2000- 2008 recived in contry climatology station. So that, at least speed need to work of wind turbin is 8 knot,in these reasearch frequancy of wind speed to 8 khnot collected. This data to base of fuzzy clustering come to matlab software. So to use of windroos software prime wind directon come to hand. Thise reasearch find that first cluster and two cluster for use of wind energy were very suitable.cluster of three suitable and cluster of four and five were unsuitable and very unsuitable to use of wind energy.


The invention relates to an object motion detection method based on image motion. The method includes that: 1, the image shot by the current camera is taken, and the current shot image is set as the image; 2, whether the previous image is empty is judged, if yes, the previous image is set as the current image and the step 1 is returned, if not, difference operation is carried out on the two images and the previous image is set as the current image, and if the difference result shows that motion is detected, the step 3 is executed, if not, the step 1 is returned; 3, motion outline part calculated by difference is synthesized into multimedia to be exhibited by virtual reality 3D synthesis method to be displayed, and then the step 1 is executed. The invention provides a mobile object detection method with low detection cost and wide detection range.


This paper proposes a method to simulate a back-to-back modular multilevel converter (MMC) HVDC transmission system. In this paper we utilize an equivalent networks to simulate the dynamic power system. Moreover, to account for the performance of converter station, core components of model of the converter station gives a basic model of simulation. The proposed method is applied to an equivalent real power system.


The influence of substituted elements, such as Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ge, on the DO3 type structure is investigated by electron microscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The results lead to the assumption that titanium and presumably manganese substitute into the β-sublattice while nickel substitutes, in an ordered manner, into the α-sublattice. Copper and germanium substitute into the γ-sublattice. The last element improves the state of order of the Fe3Al structure. A strong repulsive interaction between aluminium and germanium is shown to exist. The hyperfine field-isomer shift correlation is discussed.

L'influence des elements en substitution, tels que Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ge, sur ľordre DO3 de Fe3Al a ete etudiee par microscopie electronique et spectrometrie Mossbauer. Nos resultats nous conduisent a supposer que le titane et vraisemblablement le manganese se substituent sur le sous-reseau β tandis que le nickel se place, de maniere ordonnee sur le sous-reseau α. Le cuivre et le germanium se substituent sur le sous-reseau γ. Le germanium ameliore l'etat ďordre de l'alliage et une forte interaction repulsive entre aluminium et germanium est mise en evidence. La correlation entre champ hyperfin et deplacement isomerique est discutee.


With a view towards improving the robustness of financial and economic analysis, this paper discusses current approaches towards the assessment of costs and benefits associated with sanitation improvements. Using results from a study that compares urine diversion dehydration toilets with conventional sanitation technologies in sub-Saharan Africa, the authors highlight challenges related to financial and economic modeling of sanitation systems. Excreta reuse is identified as a specific area where there is a need for further development. Specific attention is placed upon the quantification of the economic benefits of excreta reuse and the authors describe the approach for monetising these benefits. The authors offer specific recommendations for improving the robustness of this analysis, and propose a framework for categorizing financial and economic parameters for project design, sanitation programming, and policy-making. The authors argue that the consistent application of the proposed framework, combined with the standardisation of methodologies and the systematic collation of financial and economic data is required for future studies to assess the financial and economic costs and benefits of different types of sanitation systems.


The Great Recession in Continental Europe sparked a Great Unemployment Divergence, led by a catastrophic job destruction in some countries. To study such phenomena, I resort to a Bewley-Hugget-Aiyagari incompletemarkets model with an indirect search frictional labour market as in Krusell et al. (2010). I complement it with: (a) financial constraints à la Kiyotaki and Moore (1997), (b) labour market dualism in employment protection, and (c) downward real wage rigidity, and I show that a catastrophic job destruction phenomena can take place in the presence of medium to severe aggregate negative and temporary productivity shocks, leading to a costly process of destruction of inter-temporally viable existing jobs a last dance phenomena. For that outcome, the initial leverage positions of firms and the management of liquidity along the downturn are critical, and can justify divergent paths in unemployment. In a calibration to portray the Portuguese economy, no intervention would imply an elasticity between the initial downturn and the unemployment rate of close to 1 for initial downturns of more than 5-6 percent. In such context, several balanced-budget policies targeting the liquidity in permanent contracts are considered, and they prove to be capable to alleviate sizably the job destruction mechanism. JEL: D25, D31, D52, E32, J63, J64 All errors are our own. Email: email@example.com. Hugo de Almeida Vilares acknowledges financial support from the Economic and Social Research Council, Grant #1642247, and from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Grant #2020.04812.BD.


Introduction: Anaerobes are important however the most neglected pathogens. Timely isolation of anaerobes can guide the clinician about the correct course of clinical treatment and thus reduce the mortality and also the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: Tissue and/or pus aspirates were collected aseptically from infectious sites in the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM) and sent to anaerobic bacteriology laboratory for culture. Subcultures from RCM for each sample were done on neomycin blood agar and 5% sheep blood agar along with metronidazole disc (5μg). The plates were incubated in an anaerobic jar using GasPak for 72 hrs. The preliminary identification was performed by standard biochemical tests for both obligate and facultative anaerobic isolates. Speciations of obligate anaerobes were performed by Vitek 2 automated system. Results: Obligate anaerobes either single or polymicrobial were obtained in 38/216 (14.5 %) samples processed during the study period. Polymicrobial infections were reported in 21/216 (55.26%) samples and most commonly with obligate anaerobic gramnegative bacilli i.e. Prevotella-Porphyromonas and Bacteroides fragilis group. Most common monomicrobial anaerobic infections were observed with Veillonella spp. (n=4) and Porphyromonas spp. (n=4) followed by Bacteroides fragilis (n=3). Obligate anaerobes were predominantly isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (n=14) followed by surgical site infections (n=8). Conclusion: Although most of the infections are polymicrobial, a rise in the incidence of monomicrobial anaerobic infections has been noticed. Therefore, the performance of anaerobic cultures along with aerobic cultures is much needed for complete bacterial work-up of specimens from infectious sites and better patient management.


It dealt with the Transformation of Features as an important stage in Data Preprocessing for Data Mining. This was a study of some of its most remarkable techniques, which are frequently approached but in an isolated way. In addition, these techniques were classified according to several criteria.


The in situ formed 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones, which are versatile reagents in various organic reactions, can be trapped in a Diels—Alder reaction with appropriate dienes.


TEN YEARS ago we found that the oral administration of live attenuated poliovirus to a small group of nonimmune children gave rise to an asymptomatic intestinal infection, followed by the appearance of antibodies in the blood. 1 At the Second International Conference on Live Poliovirus Vaccines, held in Washington, D. C., June, 1960, reports were presented showing that over 60,000,000 people in many parts of the world have been given live attenuated poliovirus for immunization purposes. These two events frame a decade of progress in research, extending from a small and hopeful beginning to undertakings of present magnitude. The purpose of this paper is to examine the canvas within this frame—the background sketched in 1950 and the figures now occupying the foreground painted in during the rest of the decade. I shall be guided in this task by Salvador Dali's exemplary saying: "I do not paint a portrait to look


The total dose response characteristics of the buried oxides (BOX) in separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers have been improved by implanting silicon ion into the BOX layers. NMOS/SOI transistors with enclosed-gate structure fabricated in SIMOX wafers were exposed to 60Coγ-ray radiation. The total-dose radiation hardness of the BOX layers is characterized by the current voltage (I-V) measurements. The experimental results show that the implantation of silicon ion into the BOX layers can greatly reduce back channel threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth), which increase the BOX layer hardness to total-dose irradiation.


This study was aimed to develop rapid methods based on electronic nose (e-nose) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) to determine the quality attributes and phytochemicals of mulberry leaf tea. This study was divided into three parts: (1) to determine the effect of cultivar on the quality attributes and phytochemicals of mulberry leaf tea, (2) to evaluate the effect of packaging and storage time on quality attributes and phytochemicals of mulberry leaf tea, and (3) to employ e-tongue combined with chemometrics for prediction of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf tea.

Mulberry leaf tea prepared from three different mulberry cultivars including Burirum 60 (BR), Khunphai (KP), and Sakonnakhon (SK) were compared in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidant activity (FRAP?and DPPH), volatile components, and sensory attributes. Volatile components of the samples were analyzed using SPME-GC/MS?and e-nose. Quantitative descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate sensory attributes (e.g. greenness, brownness, green odor, dried-leaf odor, and astringency). The results showed that cultivar significantly affected (p<0.05) the quality attributes and phytochemicals of the mulberry leaf tea. KP cultivar had the highest values of TPC, TFC, FRAP?and DPPH. The distinct patterns of volatile components including aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, ester, and acid as a factor of different mulberry cultivars were observed.? The results of sensory analysis showed that color and odor attributes were significantly different (p<0.05) among three mulberry cultivars. SK cultivar had the highest greenness score (7.63?0.51) but the lowest brownness score (4.27?0.52). The highest score of green odor (7.81?0.67) and dried-leaf odor (8.89?0.59) were observed in BR cultivar. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the e-nose response data and with 2 components (PC1 and PC2) could explain 94% of the total variance.?

In order to investigate the effects of packaging and storage time on the quality of mulberry leaf tea, the sample prepared from mulberry leaves of Burirum 60 cultivar was packaged in a linear low-density polyethylene laminated aluminum (AL) bag and polypropylene (PP) bag and stored at 30?1?C (75% RH). The changes in tea qualities including water activity (aw), color (L*, a*, b*), phytochemicals (TPC and TFC), volatile components, and sensory attributes were determined at three-month interval for 18 months. The results showed that packaging material and storage time significantly (p<0.05) affected quality attributes and phytochemicals of the mulberry leaf tea. As the storage time increased, aw and a* values of the samples in PP increased but L*, b*, TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH values decreased, whereas the quality attributes of mulberry leaf tea were not significantly different throughout the storage. After 18 months of storage, TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH values of the samples in PP lost by 28.84, 34.39, 33.31, and 30.34%, respectively. The intensity of volatile compounds produced from lipid oxidation such as hexane and 4-oxo-2-nonenal of the mulberry tea in PP significantly (p<0.05) increased. The greenness, green odor, and dried-leaf odor scores of mulberry leaf tea in PP significantly (p<0.05) decreased while the brownness scores significantly (p<0.05) increased. PCA was performed to discriminate the quality of the samples by e-nose response data and the first two PCs (PC1 vs. PC2)?could explain 98% of the total variance. The results suggested that e-nose is able to discriminate quality of the samples as a result of different storage periods.

In this research, e-tongue was used to monitor phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf tea during storage. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to predict phytochemical values from the e-tongue response data. The PLS models for TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH achieved good predictability with high values of coefficient of determination (r2>0.9) and gave low mean square error of prediction. The results of this study indicated that e-nose and e-tongue have proved to be a non-destructive, rapid, and reliable method for quality discrimination of the mulberry leaf tea and have potential as an alternative to the conventional analyses of quality attributes and phytochemicals of the mulberry leaf tea.??


In the article the experience of working out a strategy has been described and the innovative development of the Evenk boarding school has been conceptually substantiated on the basisof the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of innovations development in the system of general education.


Self assembled monolayers patterned by microcontact printing have been used in conjunction with sol-gel processing to selectively deposit oxide thin films with micron-scale lateral resolution. This simple, three step process allows ambient, lithography-free patterning of oxide thin films for integrated microelectronics, optoelectronics, and sensor applications. A variety of patterned structures, such as capacitors and waveguides, have been fabricated from LiNbO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , PbTiO 3 , and BaTiO 3 on technologically important substrates, including Si, Al, Pt, sapphire, and TiN. The technique involves functionalization of substrate surfaces by microcontact printing of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Sol-gel precursors are then spin-coated on the SAMs-patterned surfaces and heat treated to deposit 20 nm-300 nm amorphous oxide layers. Oxide on derivatized regions is removed with mild polishing, yielding patterned films with features as small as 5 μm. For example, data are reported for 80–200nm Ta 2 O 5 films to demonstrate the potential applications and mechanisms involved. The effects of sol-gel precursor chemistry, heat treatment, and other processing variables are reported. These results suggest unique potential for microfabrication of ceramic thin films using molecular self assembly and low temperature processing of solution-derived thin films.


Life-threatening cardiac abnormalities in polymyositis (PM) patients may result from myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, or another disease process. Few procedures have reliably identified the pathologic basis for these abnormalities. We report a patient with PM, severe congestive cardiomyopathy, and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in whom an endomyocardial biopsy was done. The histopathological findings of fibrosis without inflammation, which were confirmed at autopsy, facilitated the decision to treat the patient symptomatically without intensification of antiinflammatory therapy. Endomyocardial biopsy may be a useful technique to determine the exact nature of serious cardiac abnormalities in PM patients so that appropriate therapy may be given.


The article deals with the compatibility of such type-formative lines as: foolishness for Christ, buffoonery, ideologizm and hanger-onizm in the art world of F.M. Dostoyevsky. Special attention is paid to Foma Fomich Opiskin, Lebyadkin, general Ivolgin, Lebedev, Stepan Trofimovich Verkhovensky in whom the specified lines are shown in various ratios and generate unique characters. The synthetic nature of images created by Dostoyevsky is the factor defining their "typological uncertainty" and, at the same time, raising the degree of their artistry. The most universal property which gains the nature of peculiar art elements in novels by Dostoyevsky is the hanger-onizm. This element is shown in diverse types and forms and gets into the images which are typologically various, enriching them in an artistic way and creating a unique style of Dostoyevsky.


Antenna,which also called an aerial,is a conductor that can transmitting and receiving signals such as microwave,radio or satellite signals.In transmission,a radio transmitter supplies an oscillating radio frequency electric current to the antenna's terminals,and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves).A planar or patch antenna is a low-profile antenna that has a number of advantages over other antennas.It is light weight,economical,ease to fabrication and easy to integrate with the accompanying electronics.However,planar patch antennas suffer from more disadvantages as compared to conventional antennas such as less efficiency and low gain. Therefore,in this project,U slot planar antenna is used due to the fact that overcoming in increasing the gain.U slot planar antenna was designed with the added of air gap between the patch and the ground by using the copper annealed materials.The simulation was using the CST Studio Suites software which is a specialist tool for designing a 3D EM simulation.The simulation was done to analyze the
perfonnance of the U slot antenna especially the bandwidth of the return loss,the gain and the directivity.


This paper is an attempt to investigate the possibilities to link algebraic fuzzy set theory with the theory of word graphs. In both theories concepts are studied and concepts can be set in correspondence. This enables to use algebraic results in the context of word graph theory.


The existence of Israel, the problems confronting Israel throughout the first twenty years of her existence, and those she is still facing today, following the Six-Day War of June, 1967, are the concern of every Jew, wherever he may be. This concern finds expression in various ways; one is to question accepted attitudes and to reassess their validity. Dr. George Steiner, of Cambridge University, has done just this in a paper he presented at the "American-Israeli Dialogue," held in Rechovot last July. In this he defined his personal involvement with Israel as a Jew, which he realised however, may well clash with that of other Jews, and, in particular, of Israelis themselves. The fact that this "View from Without" aroused controversy is, therefore, not surprising; what is surprising is that a section of the Israeli press, reporting Dr. Steiner's views, has been selective in what it quoted from his statement, while another resorted to an "imaginary presentation" of what he has said, thus not only obscuring t...


Objective To investigate the characteristics,risk factors and treatment of early thrombosis formation within drug-eluting stent after drug-eluting stent implantation.Methods The characteristics,risk factors and treatment of early stent thrombosis formation were analyzed in 16 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with drug-eluting stent implantation.Results Multi-vessels involvement was detected in 14 patients,AMI occurred in 6 patients,while target lesions of left anterior descending artery(LAD) were found in 12 patients,including 3 patients receiving noneffective anti-platelet treatment.The in-stent thrombosis occurred 5 min to 10 d [mean(3.1±4.4) d] after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Ventricular fibrillation happened in 8 patients,hypotension developed in 1 patient,and 2 died.Emergent PCI were performed in 9 patients.Conclusion The risk of developing in-stent thrombosis is high in patients with muulti-vessels involvement,AMI,target lesions on LAD,noneffective anti-platelet treatment,small vessel and long lesion.Emergency PCI is the most effective method and should be carried out as early as possible in order to improve the outcome of in-stent thrombosis.


Comparison ofbreastfeeding practices fromtwo similar surveys conducted inJakarta, Indonesia shows anincrease in breastfeeding duration from14.4 months in1976 to19.8 months in 1983. Thisincrease waspredominantly amongnoneducated women (20.3 months amongnoneducated womenversus 0.9months among womenwithgreater thanelementary education). Amongworking womenbreastfeeding duration declined slightly (1.1 months). Unlike


In their study, Dong and Ochsner (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021692) used an extensive data set of 18 cosmic‐ray neutron rover surveys along a 150 km long transect on unpaved roads to assess the influence of precipitation and soil texture on mesoscale soil moisture patterns. Based on their analysis, they concluded that soil texture, represented by sand content, exerted a stronger influence on mesoscale soil moisture variability than precipitation, represented by the antecedent precipitation index, on 17 of the 18 survey days. However, we found that Dong and Ochsner (2018) made a mistake in their calculation of volumetric soil moisture. After correction, the validity of the original conclusions of Dong and Ochsner (2018) was considerably weakened, as soil texture exerted a stronger influence on soil moisture than precipitation on 12 of the 18 survey days only.


In the current study, we inspected the correlation between Sleep Paralysis and anxiety symptoms among undergraduate medical students of Pakistan. It was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaires were administered to 100 participants and any association between sleep paralysis and PTSD symptoms, Perceived Stress, or Pathological worry was found. There was a positive correlation between Experience of Sleep Paralysis and PTSD Symptoms (d=0.319 and p=0.001), Pathological Worry and Sleep Paralysis (p=0.005 and d=0.270), and Perceived Stress and Sleep Paralysis (p<0.001 and r=-0.394). Pakistani population particularly medical undergraduates have a high prevalence (52.8%) of frequent experiences of sleep paralysis. Also, the high rate of occurrence among the females than males and higher rates in adolescents are particularly of concern. Statistically significant correlation between sleep paralysis and PTSD symptoms, PSS value, and PSWQ score is found. Efforts should be made to remove the factors responsible for anxiety and distress among masses.


Adsorption is one alternative that is used to reduce lead (Pb) at low concentrations. Activated charcoal from Dendrocalamus asper (Schult) known as local name "Bambu Betung" has better performance in low concentration Pb adsorption at the liquid waste. The activation by added Na2CO3 was carried out for 24 hours and followed by neutralization of the filtrate until it reaches pH 7. Determination of optimum adsorption using adsorbent weight, adsorbate pH and contact time was treated concurrently including the design of surface method response statistics central composite design (RSM CCD). An optimal condition conducted to obtain these adsorption Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal mechanism. CCD processing was managed to obtained optimum conditions of pH, weight, and time. The results of the isothermal equation were in accordance with the Langmuir model because the absorption model has given an r value of 0.998 through the Langmuir equation y = 0.047x + 0.009. Overall, the optimum adsorption capacity of activated charcoal from D.asper (Schult) was performed at 21.28 mg per gram adsorbent. Based on the characteristics of betung bamboo activated charcoal test using SEM-EDX it was shown that there was no contamination of lead ion, this is the same as activated charcoal in general.


Abstract The present article details a method suitable for fault detection of hydraulic flight control system actuators. A model based method is discussed, which use the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework, which leads to a minimum number of tuning knobs, aiming towards industrial use and certification. The successive steps of the design from deriving mathematical models of the actuator dynamics through filter synthesis, till evaluation of the proposed method on industrial verification campaign are detailed. The proposed framework can be implemented in a flight control computer to detect the rare occurrence of real faults on a hydraulic actuator of an aircraft and isolate them according to the specification.


One allows the present design can give actual use, it can quickly and easily to achieve the movement of the lift and the lift manhole cover of a manhole cover, and by minimizing transport and are bulky during storage greatly improves convenience in the use and management Manhole It relates to an opening and closing device. In particular, it is the top of the connecting hinge (h), the lower part moving wheel 11 is section cheophyeong pedestal 12 is left, a capping Yiwu position, the left section is Yiwu position cheophyeong supports (12, which is respectively connected to ), the top and bottom before and after the left and Yiwu opposite and forming a slope and width adjustment, which board (14) and a width of the supporter 16 is connected and installed, the width in between the folding-type support 12 of the control board (14) both sides of the height adjustment lifting the latch 17 and latch the transfer board (18) having an integrally and installed connection, folding-type support (12) located on one side of the folding-type pedestal 12 the board (20) characterized by a connection configured by a hinge connection (22).


A comprehensive and systematic study on the fireproof characters of 38 kinds of trees in Huangshan City. It gave a synthetical judgement to the combustibility and the ecological and biological characters on fire resisting and the economic characters as well as enviormental adaptability of the trees by analysis hierchy process(AHP) and hierarchical cluster. The study selected 24 fireproof trees,the first grade ones were Schima superba,Myrica rubra,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Castanopsis eyrei,Michelia maudiae, Lithocarpus glaber,Camellia oleifera,Castanopsis sclerophylla,Viburnum odoratissimum:the secondgrade ones were Osmanthus fragrans,Ligustrum lucidum,Camellia sinensis,Eriobotrya japonica,Betula luminifera,Ilex purpurea,Ternstroemia gymnanthera,Photinia serrulata,Cinnamomum camphora,Platycladus orientalis,Quercus acutissima,Citrus reticulate,Cupressus funebris,Quercus variabilis,Daphniphyllum macropodum. Meanwhile,the selection of fireproof trees of Biological Fire-resistant Forest Belt in different site or location was discussed and analyzed.


Objective To observe the effect of nutritional support therapy on lung function and 6 minute walk test in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods 60 COPD patients were recruited consecutively into nutritional support and control groups according to the patients' willing.Both groups were given standard COPD treatment according to GOLD 2011 guideline.Enteral Nutritional Suspension(TOTAL PROTEIN FIBRE) was given to nutritional therapy patients,whilst the control group was given nutritional advice on COPD therapy.The effect of nutritional support on lung function and 6 minute walk distance were analyzed.Results The amount of heat of nutritional support group took in(1 843.73±57.88) kCal per day,and took in(1 087.53±51.16) kCal per day in control group.After 8 w of treatment,lung function(FEV1/FVC ratio,FEV1% predicted) and 6 minute walk distance of nutritional support group had been improved statistically(P0.05) compared with those of control group.Conclusions For COPD patients,in addition to standard treatment,correct nutritional support therapy might improve the nutritional status,lung function and 6 minute walk distance of COPD patients,which implies the improvements of the quality of life for COPD patients.


Protist (>2 μm) taxonomic composition was investigated for the first time in 4 Labrador fjords (Nachvak, Saglek, Okak and Anaktalak) during summers 2007 and 2013, early fall 2010 and late fall 2009. Protist composition was significantly different from one season to another. Significant spatial differences in protist composition were found only during summer 2013. During summer 2007, the community was characterized by diatoms and a mixed assemblage of flagellates. In summer 2013, flagellates largely dominated the community, and an intense Phaeocystis pouchetii bloom was observed in Nachvak Fjord (18 × 106 cells l−1). In autumn, the community was dominated by unidentified flagellates, prymnesiophytes and diatoms, in various proportions from early to late fall. From a summer situation characterized by stronger stratification, higher incident irradiance and depleted nutrients in surface waters, it evolved to an autumn situation characterized by decreasing air temperature and irradiance associated with an environmental forcing (e.g. weather) allowing cooling and greater vertical mixing of the water column. Combining our observations with those from the literature, we suggest the following annual succession in the Labrador fjord phytoplankton community: (winter) dinoflagellates and small flagellated cells — (spring) Fragilariopsis spp., Chaetoceros spp., Thalassiosira spp. and Phaeo cystis pouchetii — (summer) Chaetoceros spp., P. pouchetii and Chrysochromulina spp.— (fall) Gymnodinium/Gyrodinium spp., Chrysochromulina spp. and other flagellates. Overall, the protist richness was 2 times higher in fall than in summer, the highest richness being observed in early fall, with 201 taxonomic entries, 72 genera and 131 species identified.


Richard Wilhelm, (1873-1930) was a German scholar and missionary. He did translation work throughout his entire life. He translated most of the Chinese classics into German. These translations included most of the Confucian classics such as The Analects, The Book of Rites, and The Words of Wisdom. Wilhelm considered "Ren" to be the most central and fundamental concept in Confucian philosophy. He used many different terms such as , Sittlichkeit, Tugend, Liebe, Menschentum and even the religious word Frommigkeit in rendering it into German. He acknowledged that the concept "Ren" was oriented toward practice more than theory. As he was a Christian missionary, he tended to compare the Confucian concept of "Ren" with the Christian notions of love and charity. This article is divided into three main parts; moral orientation, "Ren" and virtue, and "Ren" and the person who practices "Ren".


A display device having an output buffer and the output buffer is disclosed. And a down transistor, said output buffer amplifier circuit, a control circuit, the pull-up transistor, and a pool. It said control circuit and selectively outputting the first pulse and the second pulse, the pull-up transistor is full the output terminal of the amplifier circuit to the power supply voltage level in response to the first pulse-and-up, the pull-down transistor It is the full output of the amplifier circuit in response to the second pulse at the ground voltage level-down thereby. To adjust the width of the second pulse to control the on-time, wherein the control circuit is the full-turn of the up transistor turn-down transistor, said adjusting the width of the first pulse or the pool in order to control the on-time is. TFT LCD, an output buffer, the slew rate


Korea's Soil Environment Conservation Act ("SECA") has been amended several times, since it entered into force on January 1, 1998. At this time, I try to analyze the legal trend and issues in the field of soil environment. To put it concretely, I presents a brief overview of the history of the legal systems to conserve the soil environment, and current SECA. Then, I analyze the legal trend, issues and future challenges surrounding SECA, focused on the SECA bill, introduced by the Government and pending in National Assembly. SECA identifies "polluters" as (ⅰ) parties who have induced soil contamination by leaking, releasing, dumping or abandoning the substance of soil contamination, (ⅱ) parties who own, possess, or operate the facilities that trigger soil contamination, which originally caused soil contamination, (ⅲ) parties who have taken over the facilities causing soil contamination through merger, inheritance, or other reasons; and finally (ⅳ) persons who have taken over the "facilities that trigger soil contamination" on account of several acts. In addition, SECA holds "polluters" responsible for clean-up of the contaminated site. In particular, the provision that "polluters" include parties who have induced soil contamination creates the risk that SECA's liability will become "everyone's liability." As the site investigation techniques to assess contamination are gradu-ally developed, there are gradually increasing numbers of cases that the seriously contaminated sites are detected, and many interested parties, including the site-owners, are enforced to clean up the contaminated sites under SECA. And that is resulting in the legal battles between the (past or present) site-owner and the competent authority, or between the past site-owner and the present site-owner. The bill pending in National Assembly includes (ⅰ) the estimation of topsoil erosion, (ⅱ) the Minister of Environment's clean-up of the government-owned sites, (ⅲ) exempting the one who trusted the result of an assessment of soil environment from responsibility to clean-up, (ⅳ) the establishment of a mutual aid association of sites clean-up, (ⅴ) the enhancement of risk assessment, (ⅵ) the designation of soil environment management complex, and (ⅶ) the expansion of residents support measures. Though SECA has been developed and will be develop further, it is difficult to say that Korea is free from the problems of soil contamination and that Korea is absolutely free from the problems of brownfields. It is necessary to pay continuous attention to the legal efforts to resolve the trade-off between environmental protection and economic development.


This paper proposes a 3-D floating-gate (FG) synapse array for neuromorphic applications. The designed device has certain advantages over previous planar FG synapse devices: a smaller cell size due to the stacked structure and smaller operation voltage by the gate-all-around geometry. In addition, the operation method to implement spike time-dependent plasticity is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed array based on commercialized flash memory technology is expected be one of the most promising candidate architecture for neuromorphic applications.


This paper is concerned with transition paths within the framework of the overdamped Langevin dynamics model of chemical reactions. We aim to give an efficient description of typical transition paths in the small temperature regime. We adopt a variational point of view and seek the best Gaussian approximation, with respect to Kullback-Leibler divergence, of the non-Gaussian distribution of the diffusion process. We interpret the mean of this Gaussian approximation as the "most likely path" and the covariance operator as a means to capture the typical fluctuations around this most likely path.
We give an explicit expression for the Kullback-Leibler divergence in terms of the mean and the covariance operator for a natural class of Gaussian approximations and show the existence of minimisers for the variational problem. Then the low temperature limit is studied via Γ-convergence of the associated variational problem. The limiting functional consists of two parts: The first part only depends on the mean and coincides with the Γ-limit of the Freidlin-Wentzell rate functional. The second part depends on both, the mean and the covariance operator and is minimized if the dynamics are given by a time-inhomogenous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process found by linearization of the Langevin dynamics around the Freidlin-Wentzell minimizer.


proposes a new field of investigation or perception, one that would be attuned, like psychoanalysis, to inner psychological states, yet also attuned to the way architecture and space affect those states. He terms such a field "topoanalysis" and defines it as "the systematic study of the sites of our intimate lives."1 Central to a topoanalytic approach is an attentiveness to the nuances and registers of the space of the house. Bachelard focuses on the intimate and solitary relation of the home dweller to the space of the house:


This paper reports temperature dependent resonance frequency and quality factor of microcantilevers over the temperature range 25-175degC. Either local heating from integrated solid state resistors or uniform heating on a hotplate were employed. The microcantilevers were made of either boron-doped or phosphorus-doped single crystalline silicon. Both cantilever types showed decreasing resonant frequency with increasing temperature, and the cantilever mechanical quality factor was not a function of temperature over the temperature range tested. The presence of a silicon dioxide layer adjacent to the cantilever can affect the cantilever mechanical response, and so care must be taken to eliminate this layer.


Cyclo-octenylcyclo-octa-1,5-dienecobalt Co(C8H13)(C8H12)(I) reacts with cyclo-octa-1,5-diene to give the title complex (II). An intermediate 1–3-η-cyclo-octa-1,5-dienyl(cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)cobalt complex Co-(C8H11)(C8H12)(III) has been isolated and characterised. A possible reaction path of the dehydrogenative ring closure of (I) to (II) is discussed.


Over the ten year period that ended Jan. 1, 1935, 425 cases of carcinoma of the lip were seen at the University Clinic. As far as possible by frequent check-up examinations, by contact with the home physicians, and by answers to questionnaires sent to the patients or their families, an attempt has been made to follow to the present time the cases treated. There has long been an irreconcilable difference of opinion between most dermatologists, surgeons and radiologists regarding the most efficacious method of treatment to be used in this condition. From this group of cases observed over a ten year period and treated by local destruction, surgery and radiation therapy furnish a material from which one may take stock, as it were, of the results achieved to determine a fair and unbiased plan of treatment to be followed in the future in carcinoma of the lip. A study of


Although recent advances in multidisciplinary treatment have changed the treatment strategies for esophageal cancer, surgery remains the most effective treatment option in achieving locoregional control. However, esophagectomy remains a highly invasive procedure that can lead to severe postoperative complications.


Since 105-C Pile was designed without thimbles, gas seals are required on all horizontal control rods to prevent the pile gases from escaping and contaminating the atmosphere.


ABSTRAcr Thermal tolerance of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) , coho salmon (0. kisutch) , and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) that had been held at various acclimation temperatures was low ered when test water was supersaturated (125-130% of saturation) with nitrogen gas. Increasing the depth of the test tank allowed the fish to compensate somewhat for the supersaturation by sounding, but substantial mortalities still occurred. A comparison of tolerance among the species tested revealed that coho salmon were the most tolerant, chinook salmon next, and steelhead trout the least tolerant to temperature increases in the presence of supersaturation of nitrogen. During the past several decades, a number of investigators have examined temperature as a lethal factor by use of the classic pharmacolog ical assay method. Fry, Hart, and Walker (1946) recognized the importance of acclimation temperature in determining the tolerance of a fish to high and low temperatures and estab lished upper and lower levels of tolerance at various acclimation temperatures. Brett (1952) listed maximum temperatures for survival of young Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) be tween 23.8 and 25.1 0 C. In later work (Brett,


A simple, precise, accurate and validated Liquid chromatography and Tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method is developed for the analysis of melamine in whole milk. Because of melamine's basic and polar nature, a cation exchange natural sand material is used as cleanup technique. As a result, enhancement in recovery, sensitivity and selectivity has been observed as well made the analysis much cheaper by replacement of use of cartridge. A simple extraction of melamine with phosphate buffer (in acidic condition) and Acetonitrile (precipitation of the protein), matrix cleanup using silica based strong cationic exchangers (sand) and reconstitution with 0.1% Formic acid (v/v) in Acetonitrile. The separation is performed on a Inertsil ODS-3C18 column (150mm x 4.6mm x 3μm. Two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions are monitored for Melamine. After optimization of instrument parameter and settings, the linear response (r>0.999) is observed for samples ranging from 0.50 to 10 μg/kg. The method provides recoveries of 70-120% in the concentration range of 0.50 to 10 μg/kg, intraand inter-day variation in <2.5% RSD. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values are 0.2 and 0.6 μg/kg, respectively with an uncertainty of ± 0.03μg/kg at 95 % confidence level.


While a distinction should be made between wicked problems as first defined by Churchman (1967) and Rittel and Webber (1973) and problems that are merely challenging and difficult to solve, in this contribution, I argue that climate change and the resulting destruction of nature could be explained as a wicked problem. One of the proposed solutions to climate change, making use of synthetic biology for nature conservation, has the potential to be classified not only as a wicked solution but as a solution that spawns a number of other wicked problems. I will examine the ethical issues raised by synthetic biology as a wicked solution to this super wicked problem from the perspective of Christian ethics, drawing in particular on the resources available in Christian ecotheology and, specifically, notions of interdependence, relationality, responsible stewardship, and global justice.


In the context of global efforts to transition to a circular economy and minimize environmental pollution, various methods of waste management have been developed. Among them, used engine oil is a dangerous pollutant, but also a resource with high economic value. In this sense, superior recovery is aimed, either by recycling in order to obtain base oil or by producing alternative fuels, thus minimizing the consumption of natural resources and reducing the amount of improperly managed waste. This article's purpose is to describe the main technological processes underlying the production of alternative diesel fuel from used engine oil. International industrially applied technologies that produce diesel fuel by treating used engine oil are also exemplified, and the main benefits of this process are described.


The national health policy 2015 enables nurses to assume leadership positions, improved regulation of practice, strengthened quality of nursing education by training and supporting nurse tutors, establishing cadres like nurse practitioners, and public health nurses. With establishment of new cadres and legal empowerment, master level prepared nurse practitioners will be able to provide cost effective, competent, safe and quality driven specialized nursing care to patients in a variety of settings in tertiary care centres. The policy will enable engagement with NGOs to serve as support and training institutions for ASHA and to serve as learning laboratories on future roles of community health workers as part of the country's human resource strategy.


SH&E is too often considered a functional area or a center of specific expertise, and SH&E managers see themselves too often and too much as a capsulated competence center. Such an approach to SH&E will always fall far short of what is needed for a successful, holistic, proactive and preventive safety culture. SH&E is an environment or network of many stakeholders with different roles, objectives, expertise and backSH&E is not an island within a corporation but part of the production chain and part of the operative process. For a complete Table of


IX LTHOUGH MUCH HAS BEEN WRITTEN about Thackeray's relationship with Dickens, notably in regard to the Garrick Club affair and the "Dignity of Literature" controversy,' surprisingly little attention has been given to Thackeray's opinion of Dickens as a writer. After Thackeray had achieved his success with Vanity Fair, when he admitted to his mother, "I am become a sort of great man in my way-all but at the top of the tree: indeed there if the truth were known and having a great fight up there with Dickens," 2 he was usually very careful in his public comments to speak favorably of Dickens's work. However, in his private letters and in the criticism which he wrote as a reviewer for the London journals, he tended to be somewhat more critical in his estimation of Dickens. Thackeray's reviews of Dickens are usually more temperate than those he wrote of Bulwer, Disraeli or Mrs. Trollope and even in his earliest criticism Thackeray appears to have been impressed with Dickens's talent and the seeming invulnerability of Dickens's position as the most popular author of the day. But in his reviews and comments on Dickens's writings Thackeray was guided by many of the ideas on the nature of fiction which formed the basis for his criticism of fiction as a whole and which helped shape his own novels. Thackeray's fundamental disagreement with Dickens lay in his


It is a puzzled issue for the errors of SINS not directly being measured during in-flight alignment.The scheme proposed in the paper is based on airborne master inertial navigation system(INS),velocity error and location error between the master INS and the slaver INS as exterior values of observation with fixed-point smoothing and fixed-interval smoothing filter.The simulation platform was designed by using Matlab/Simulink and the simulation results were given.The analysis results show that the scheme is feasible and valid.


Population growth and its geographic location generally determine water demands and water transportation systems. Pipelines are the most economic way for water transportation. Pipeline system like any structure vibrates freely about the static-equilibrium position. Transient flow is the most important item in the field of pipeline design and operation. Transient flow exists in any pipeline system when the rate of flow changes abruptly for various reasons. Some of the most common reasons are changing in flow velocity, quick closing of electrical pneumatic, spring loaded valves accidental or planned, starting or stopping of pumps and power failure. Transient vibration due to the rapid change in the exiting force can affect pipeline structure. For long pipelines, transient time may exceed some minutes. The study of the transient condition is very important in the testing stage. It leads to survive the environment, determine the attenuation of the input to the system and select the packaging or isolators to reduce the vibration effect. Vibration may cause a resonance or failure or a form of fatigue failure or fatigue accumulation for the pipeline structure. Pipeline must be provided with a damping method and control system in order to absorb the vibration effect on pipeline structure. In this paper transient flow in pipeline system is discussed. Vibration spectra were recorded and analyzed at different conditions to define exciting frequencies for each case. The research points out the importance of doing vibration analysis at different operation conditions to detect dynamic change; improve dynamic performance and increase efficiency of pipeline.


In the second verse of the first chapter of the Holy Quran we are introduced to our Creator where it is written. "All praise belongs to Allah alone, Lord of all the worlds." The Arabic word for praise is Hamd, and in this context it implies admiration, magnifying and honoring the object of praise, and lowliness, humility and submissiveness in the person offering the praise. The word translated as Lord is AlRabb. It means Lord, Master, Creator, the One who sustains and develops and brings to perfection by degrees. The Arabic word translated as worlds is Al-Alamin and it signifies all that is besides Allah, animate and inanimate bodies. So, the Holy Quran leaves no doubt or ambiguity as to who the Creator is, and what His attributes are.


As the population grows and demand increases, cities have seen a rise in the number of chain stores. To remain competitive, these companies must reduce costs and attract more customers. A key factor in achieving this is the strategic placement of store branches, which reduces the distance between stores and customers, instilling trust and increasing their appeal while also cutting costs by reducing the need for employees to navigate longer distances. In this study, an integer linear programming model is presented with the goal of dividing a zone in Ahvaz city into several scenarios to determine the optimal number of stores while maintaining control over the distance between active stores. This research is the first to include this specific limitation in the mathematical model of the problem. The results of the study demonstrate a significant reduction in the distance between customers and stores.


The invention discloses methods of manufacturing a panel, and resulting panels include a plurality of microholes arranged in a pattern and filled with light transmissive polymeric material. The light transmissive polymeric material occludes the microholes and is set, or cured, by exposure to an energy source using at least two discrete exposure periods separated by an idle or rest period.


The physicochemical(coagulation and electrolytic oxidation)/hydrolysis/contact oxidation process was used to treat pharmaceutical and chemical wastewater.The wastewater treatment capacity is 200 m3/d,in which high-concentration COD is 30 000 mg/L,and low-concentration COD is 3 000 mg/L.The treatment practice indicates that the combination of electrolytic oxidation with hydrolytic acidification can improve the wastewater biodegradability obviously.The removal rate of COD in contact oxidation tank is about 70%,and that in the total treatment system is 95%.The effluent COD is less than 300 mg/L and pH is 7.92 to 8.27.The effluent quality reaches the second level criteria specified in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996).


Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was registered daily in 0.25 m and 11.25 m in 3 years. Upwards irradiance of green light was 1 % of downward irradiance. Incubator 14C experiments showed that the phytoplankton enhanced its carbon uptake substantially with increasing concentrations of the carrier CO2 in the ampoules. Severe carbon limitation of photosynthesis occurred in spring and summer 1961, where the real carbon fixation was only about 34 % of that calculated by the usual procedure. Utilization of light and DIC by the phytoplankton and its compensation depth was determined. Photoinhibition occurred down to 10–11 m, and net primary production was nearly always positive in any depth down to the lake bottom.


in 2 T at 25 K for the wire of 2.50 mm diameter. This value is three times higher than that of the wires of 0.93 mm diameter. EDS analysis and X-ray diffraction patterns have shown that in the wire with a diameter of 0.93 mm Cu and Mg diffusion on heat-treatment process, leading to formation of Cu-Mg compounds. We have paid attention to texture change of the wire core from granular to filamentary by the cold rolling process. It has been supposed that this filamentary texture gives an effect on the formation of and value.


3-Allyl-3-hydroxy acids were prepared from the reaction of allylic ketones and carboxylic acids using lithium naphthalenide in the presence of diethylamine. From the reaction of 3-allyl-3-hydroxy acids using sulfuric acid, 2, 3-unsaturated 2, 3-disubstituted-5-methyl-δ-valerolactones were obtained.


Objective: Analysis of age-related changes of microcirculatory bed of bulbar conjunctiva.Methods: 46 individuals of both sexes, divided into 5 age groups according to WHO recommendations, were examined. Biomicroscopy of bulbar conjunctiva was performed using a non-mydriatic retinal camera TOPCON TRC-NW8F (Japan); the obtained images were processed with a mea‑ suring device of automated analysis system ImageScope (Leica, Germany).Results: The average diameter of arterioles, arterioleto-venule ratio (AVR) and specific density of capillaries were the largest, and the diameter of venules was the smallest among the subjects aged 18–44 years. The most sensitive indicators of the state of microcirculatory bed were AVR and the specific density of capillaries, the values of which in the group of 45–59-year-olds were 10–11% lower than in people aged 18–24 and 25–44 years. Differences in other indicators between people aged 18-24 and 45–59 years were not significant. Between the groups of 60–74 and 75–86-year-old participants of the study, pronounced differences (about 18%) were found only in the specific density of capillaries: compared with 18–24 and 45–59-year-olds, this indicator decreased by almost 1.5 times, AVR – only by a third, and changes in the average diameter of arterioles and venules did not exceed 9–12%. Elderly people more often demonstrated arteriolar spasm, their uneven caliber, avascular fields and other disorders of the structure of the micro‑ circulatory bed.Conclusions: As the body ages, in the microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva, the number of atypical vascular formations increases, the diameter of the arterioles decreases, the AVR and the specific density of capillaries decrease, the diameter of the venules increases.


Numbers provide a critical test for the idea that sensory-motor systems are reused to support cognition because of their abstract nature and their distinct representation in the human brain. Unlike other semantic categories, numbers are processed in the dorsal stream that is associated with perception for action. A possible explanation is that the representation of numbers overlaps the representation of fingers in the dorsal stream because children often rely on their fingers for counting. Several studies actually show that the scores of children in fingers gnosis tests predict their future achievement in mathematics. Here, I will describe behavioural, electrophysiological and brain imaging data showing that the representation of fingers continues to be activated covertly, i.e. in the absence of movement, in adults performing mental calculation tasks. In an attempt to further specify the mechanisms shared by fingers and numbers, I will describe an atypical case of finger agnosia suggesting that attention shifts may contribute to localize the relative position of fingers and numbers on a spatial continuum. I will finally ask whether the practice of finger counting is a necessary condition to process numbers normally and efficiently by looking at the numerical skills of an individual with a congenital absence of upper limbs. To conclude, I will discuss the implications of these findings for embodied cognition theories and highlight directions for future research.


Discretization of the received continuous time signal is an essential stage in any receiver for a digital communication system. Over fast fading channels, inappropriate discretization of the received signal can result in SNR performance losses and high error floors. This paper presents a new framework for discrete representation of continuous time signals over frequency-flat time selective Rayleigh fading channels. This framework can serve as a basis for deriving receiver front-ends performing the task of received signal discretization. A key point of this framework is the representation of the zero-order Bessel function of the first kind in the form of a finite dimensional separable kernel. Two techniques that achieve this task are introduced, and the accuracy of these two approaches is investigated. Finally, a comparison of these two methods is provided.


This paper presents a procedure that uses stirrup effectiveness in the shear design of reinforced concrete beam. The procedure uses the current ACI Building Code approach but takes into account the apparent enhancement of stirrup contribution to the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams due to stirrup dowel action, which is not currently addressed by the ACI Building Code. Comparisons are made between ACI and British Standards Institution code approaches to shear design, as well as to a proposed stirrup effectiveness method. Results based on tests done at the University of Connectiut are presented, which show that the proposed method produces a design which is an improvement over the current ACI Building Code provisions.


From the 1880s on the novelist and pedagogue Elise van Calcar (1822-1904) became a leading figure in Dutch spiritualism. Many of the communications she claimed to receive from the departed dealt with medical affairs. It is argued that spiritualism acted as a counter movement to orthodox medicine, advocating hygienistic methods and cures instead of pharmacological or surgical treatment. Van Calcar's publications are a valuable source of information on an undercurrent of medical thinking which is otherwise badly documented, to the point of invisibility.


This paper evaluates waste recycling programs in partnership with scavenger associations in Metropolitan Sao Paulo, in order to verify their social, economic, sanitary, and environmental impacts in a sustainability perspective. Methods included bibliographical and data research and structured interviews with representatives of 39 municipalities. The analysis of factors responsible for program continuity was undertaken. It was found that among 39 municipalities, 23 (59%) have developed official recycling programs, 19 in partnership with scavenger associations. Indicators analyzed showed that the programs resulted in social and economic gains for scavengers, increased social capital and they contributed to the reduction of waste destined for landfills. However, there are competition factors that have been threatening the continuity of those programs.


Key points:
 • The harms of drinking alcohol to excess are widely accepted. However, it has been claimed that there are health benefits from low–moderate levels of drinking, including improved survival in older people.
 • There is a strong body of evidence that shows a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and mortality, with lowest mortality in low–moderate drinkers.
 • Critical analysis of the epidemiological data has shown that the apparent health benefits associated with low–moderate alcohol intake are due to other factors and the optimal level of alcohol intake for health and longevity is zero.
 • This conclusion is supported by Mendelian randomisation studies that have found that genetic variants associated with lower intake or non-drinking are associated with the best health outcomes.


Philosophical Research began a study of the idea of freedom, with the aim of reviewing and summarizing the discussion of freedom throughout the twenty-five hundred years of (Western) philos ophy. The results of this unusual and ambitious study have been published in a large two-volume work: Volume I appeared in 1958, and the second volume, subtitled "A Dialectical Examina tion of the Controversies About Freedom," has now followed.1 Dr. Adler has already begun "a second study in the field of ideas, this time on the idea of love." Further studies are planned on progress, justice, property, and equality. In discussing this work I will proceed as follows. First, I will describe briefly its aims and method. I will then criticize three ideas Adler uses to order and clarify the discussion of free dom. These are the idea of controversy and the related distinction between real and merely verbal disagreement; the idea of a generic understanding of freedom; and the idea of analogy used by Adler to suggest a solution to part of the controversy about freedom. Apart from their intrinsic interest these ideas are a clue to under standing why Adler finds less rational discussion of the issues than expected; they are also a clue to his hope that "If the ideal of rational debate were . . . more fully approximated in the various controversies about freedom, that might lead to the resolution of some age-old issues or at least enable us to see why they are irresolvable" (p. 651). Finally, I will attempt a general appraisal of the work.


Although there are no major difficulties in obtaining the force-length (F-L) and force-velocity (F-V) relationships in skeletal muscles in-vitro, obtaining them in-vivo is certainly much more complex, and is often based on joint torque and angle. A primary problem is that fascicle length changes are not associated in a simple manner with changes in the length of the whole muscle-tendon unit (MTU). Therefore, investigation on whole muscle tendon mechanics in-vivo is needed in order to elucidate the link between these mechanical properties and the muscle performance in the context of human movement. In this thesis work, we determined the in-vivo F-L relationship (Part I) and F-V relationship (Part II) at the fascicle and MTU levels for voluntary contractions of the human vastus lateralis muscle (VL). F-L relationships were obtained for maximal and submaximal contractions, and F-V relationships for different pre-load conditions. In order to obtain a better understanding of the phenomena, different ranges of the knee extension movement were identified for their kinematic or kinetic properties and were analyzed separately. Data collection involved synchronized measurements of knee extensor torque, knee angle, VL EMG and muscle architecture (fascicle length and pennation angle) during isometric (F-L) and isokinetic (F-V) knee extensor contractions. In Part I, we demonstrated that fascicles undergo different amounts of shortening depending on MTU length/ joint angle, which results in different shapes of the fascicle and muscle F-L relationship, and produces different F-L shapes for maximal and submaximal levels of activation. The submaximal fascicle F-L relationships were determined based on percentages of force (as typically done in the literature), but novel to the literature, also based on percentages of activation (EMG). In the force-based analysis, the peak forces of F-L relationships, by definition, must occur at the same muscle length, but because of muscle-tendon compliance, it occurs at increasing fascicle lengths with decreasing levels of force. In contrast, in the activation-based analysis, the peak occurred at similar fascicle lengths, but because of muscle compliance, at decreasing muscle lengths with decreasing levels of force. This result suggests that, in the activation-based analysis, the greatest force generating potential always occurs close to optimal fascicle lengths; that is the length at which sarcomeres present maximum myofilament overlap. In Part II, analysis of the F-V relationship showed that fascicle shortening velocities during maximum isokinetic knee extension exercises can be slower, equal or faster than the corresponding MTU shortening velocities, depending on the knee extensor speed and depending on which part of the knee extension curve is analyzed. MTU shortening velocities increase systematically with increasing speeds of knee extension. However, this observation is not made for fascicle shortening velocities, which, depending on the range and conditions analyzed, remain about constant across a large range of knee extensor speeds. The results of this thesis point to the critical nature of the interaction between joint angle, muscle force/activation, series elastic compliance, and fascicle mechanics and help to overcome the difficulties in relating and applying knowledge obtained at the different organizational levels of muscles.


A review of classical trajectory calculations of infrared multiphoton absorption and dissociation is presented. These calculations have demonstrated that the classical method can be useful for interpreting experimental results and for understanding the fundamental processes by which molecules absorb photons from the laser.


Crafoord, C.: Borderline: Interaction in development, diagnostics and therapy. Nordisk Psykologi, 1986, 38 (4), 264–272. A survey is given of phenomenological descriptions of the Borderline Syndrome as well of psychoanalytic considerations of developmental and diagnostic criteria. A developmental framework provides an outline of the »developmental dialogue« between mother and infant which is reproduced in the psychotherapeutic setting. The interactional perspective is considered crucial to an understanding of the dynamics of the syndrome as well as to effecting a comprehensive treatment.


Summary A mean increase of 393 mg in daily excretion of creatine and an increase of 0.77 g in daily excretion of total creatinine chromogen has been observed in 6 subjects after oral administration of 30 mg 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone daily for 6 weeks.


The purpose of this represented scientific article is to analyze Yevhen Karpenko's work in the genre of child's music, choir music adaptation and piano miniature; also, to reveal individual specific character of the author's style, to understand the different functions of master's music in modern academic performance practice. Research methods is based upon a set of scientific approaches, including general scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison, which help to summarise Yevhen Karpenko's creative activity as a composer, to find out specific character of master's work in different genres. Special methods of musical theoretical analysis are also used which make it possible to determine features of composer`s individual style. Novelty of scientific article is concentrated by investigator into next positions. It's the first time Yevhen Karpenko's compositions for choir and for piano are investigated, his creative activity in the genre of child's music is summarized. Conclusions. Yevhen Karpenko's music is intended for a wide range of performers and listeners: children who are involved in music art with pleasure, who familiarize themselves with composer's songs, participate in his opera works staging; student's and amateur choirs which use in their repertoire Y. Karpenko's folk arrangements and works of authorship; prefessional instrumental performers and vocalists as well as audience who visit Sumy master`s recitals with pleasure. Involvement of a wide range of social classes in music art make up a phenomenon of Y. Karpenko's music. The vital energy of the musical heritage by the Ukrainian musical creator awakens the most light feelings, makes the world kinder and more sensitive to any changes. The composer's work is just beginning to be studied by contemporary Ukrainian musicologists.


The present invention relates to a composite mycotoxin adsorbent characterized by comprising (a) hydrated aluminosilicate, the weight content of 15-85%; (b) a yeast cell wall, the weight content of 5-50%; (c) water hyacinth root powder, an amount of 5-50% by weight; conventional drying, pulverizing and sieving methods of composite. Compound mycotoxin adsorbent according to the present invention is used as an animal feed additive, 0.03 to 0.8% by weight is added at an amount of feed in the feed, can effectively reduce mycotoxins in the feed after use, especially for yellow aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin a, zearalenone, zearalenol, DON and other mycotoxins Chinese common good adsorption performance, improved feed quality and animal performance.


with functiona l dyspepsia . Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:368–74. 5. de Groot GH, de Both PS. Cisapride in functional dyspepsia in general practice. A placebo-controlled , randomized , doubleblind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:193 –9. 6. Finney JS, Kinnersley N, Hughes M, O'Bryan-Tear CG, Lothian J. Meta-analysi s of antisecretor y and gastrokineti c compounds in functiona l dyspepsia. J Clin Gastroentero l 1998;26:312 –20. 7. Creytens G. Effect of the non-dopaminergi c drug cisapride on post-prandia l nausea. Curr Ther Res 1984;36:1063 –9. 8. Delattre M, Malesky M, Prinzie A. Symptomatic treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia with cimetidine. Curr Ther Res 1985;37: 980–91. 9. Milo R. Non-cholinergic , non-antidopaminergi c treatment of chronic digestive symptoms suggestive of a motility disorder: a two step pilot evaluation of cisapride . Curr Ther Res 1984;36: 1053–61. 10. Bytzer P, Hansen JM, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB. Empirical H2-blocker therapy or prompt endoscopy in management of dyspepsia . Lancet 1994;343:811 –6.


In every case except No. II careful inquiry was made as t6 the taking of any drugs such as sulphur or mercury, and it appeared that none of the patients was taking even a purgative or was under treatment for syphilis. There remains the possibility of an allergic or pseudo-allergic cause. To incriminate the spectacle frames as a cause of an allergic skin response one must inquire: (1) Can the metal become ionized under conditions of wear ? (Woods, 1933; Landsteiner, 1924.) (2) Do the history and mode of' onset suggest allergy ? (3) Does the lesion clear promptly on removal of the frames ? (4) What is the response to specific patch tests? (5) -Can this specific hypersensitivity be transmitted? (Prausnitz and Kulstner, 1921.) Lain quotes a company of manufacturing opticians who, after research, stated that they believed there was an electrolytic battery action between the dissimilar metals of the alloy in the presence of perspiration and aided by body heat. Specimens of the frames were submitted to Lieut. Atkins, who reports as follows:


The TiB2 coating on the surface of Graphite was prepared by CVD method in TiCl4-BCl3-H2-Ar system.The influences of deposition temperature on phase composition,deposition rate,microstructure and surface morphology of TiB2 coating were studied.The experimental results show that the coating is composed of TiB2.With the increase of deposition temperature the deposition rate increases.The micro hardness of coating increases firstly and reaches its maximum value at 950℃ and then decreases;The particle size enlarges obviously with the rising of temperature,the dense structure and the suitable particle size of TiB2 coating can be deposited between 900℃ and 950℃.The depositing mechanism of CVD-TiB2 coating was analyzed.


When examining international trade policy, the focus is typically on exports. Exports are clearly important, as without them, imports cannot be purchased, but the importance of analysing the value of imports is often overlooked. This brief examines imports in the context of Uganda. While the type of data that could be used to analyse, at an establishment level, imports into Uganda is starting to become available, there are few detailed analyses of Ugandan imports at this point. Therefore, some of the conclusions arise from the Rwandan context, but only for those characteristics of imports that Uganda and Rwanda share in common.


Original article 'Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator (C.E.R.A.) administered at extended administration intervals corrects anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis: a randomized, multicentre, multiple-dose, phase II study'. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60: 1687–96. We would like to apologise for the wrong country name being published in the Acknowledgements section for Dr C-C Huang and Dr J-J Huang in the above article. The text should read as follows: The authors would like to thank the DSMB members and the following investigators for their involvement in the BA16260 study; by country: Dr A. Disney (Australia), Dr C. Hawley (Australia), Dr C-C Huang (Taiwan), Dr J-J Huang (Taiwan), Prof. J-M Chalopin (France), Prof. J. Chanard (France), Prof. C. Combe (France), Dr C. Granolleras (France), Prof. T. Hannedouche (France), Prof. M. Labeeuw (France), Prof. G. Schultze (Germany), Dr C. Iatrou (Greece), Prof. K.C. Siamopoulos (Greece), Dr K. Bidas (Poland), Prof. S. Czekalski (Poland), Prof. B. Rutkowski (Poland), Dr M. Arias (Spain) and Dr A. Bajo Rubio (Spain). doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01569.x


A review of the book 'A Death in Brazil' written by Peter Robb is presented. The manner in which the book uses the author's recurring motifs and his inconsistent patrician-punk literary style is discussed. Review(s) of: A Death in Brazil, Peter Robb, (Duffy and Snellgrove, Sydney, 2003), $45.00.


In this paper, we present a study on activity functions for a multi-layered neural networks (MLNNs) and propose a suitable activity function for data enlargement (DE). We have carefully studied the training performance of Sigmoid, ReLu, Leaky-ReLu and L&exp. activity functions for three inputs to multiple output training patterns. Our MLNNs model has L hidden layers with two inputs to four or six outputs by backpropagation neural network training (BP). We focused on the multi teacher training signals to investigate and evaluate the training performance in MLNNs and select the best and good activity function for data enlargement and hence could be applicable for image and signal processing (synaptic divergence). We specifically used four activity functions from which we found out that L & exp. activity function can suite data enlargement neural network training (DENN) since it could give the highest percentage training abilities compared to the other activity functions of Sigmoid, ReLu and Leaky-ReLu during simulation and training of data in the network. And finally, we recommend L&exp. function to be good for MLNNs and may be applicable for signal processing of data and information enlargement because of its performance training characteristics with multiple training logic patterns hence convolution neural networks (CNN).