A reduced-complexity decision feedback equalizer (DFE) that uses interpolation and bidirectional equalizing with a center tap position detector is presented. DFE tap gains during information symbols are estimated using an interpolation technique to reduce the number of calculations. Moreover, a bidirectional DFE is used to reduce the number of forward taps keeping good performance. To improve bidirectional DFE performance, the center tap position is determined by estimating the impulse response. Performance is evaluated by computer simulation for the case of 512 k symbols/s 16 QAM transmission, assuming a maximum delay of 10 mu s sec. The proposed method is confirmed to be effective and simple for high-speed data transmission in land mobile communications.<<ETX>>


This paper examines the behavior of NGO activists in China who work on HIV-AIDS and the environment. It finds one major difference: AIDS activists sometimes use a rights-based discourse that upsets the party state, while environmentalists focus on advancing the agenda of the central government. But the paper notes that activists in both camps tend to police their behavior. They operate in a civil society characterized by political hierarchy and legal uncertainty. They try to gain the benefits that flow from the top of the pyramidal structure in which they operate and avoid the unpredictable punishment heaped upon those who step out of line.


ABSTRACT With a continued tight labor market and an increasing need for labor in restaurant industry, the time appears ripe for restaurant employers to pursue the untapped source of qualified workers-people with disabilities. The objectives of the study are (1) to determine if employers' attitude differs based on different disability types; (2) to discover the underlying dimensions of food service employers' attitude towards disabled employees and, (3) to examine the impact of restaurant employers' attitudes on their hiring practices. The survey population was restaurant employers who are members of Oklahoma Restaurant Association (ORA), and a simple random sampling approach was used to survey 500 ORA members. Repeated-measures one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The study showed that employers held more positive attitude towards employees with sensory impairment and physical disability than towards those that are mentally disabled. It also revealed that employers' attitude towards physical and sensory disabled workers had a positive impact on the probability to hire the disabled people. The results also showed that prior positive working experiences with disabled people were related to favorable employers' attitudes.


To accomplish this study three habitats had been considered: I) Ilha Solteira and Jupia reservoirs; II) Parana river between the dams of Jupia and Porto Primavera; III) Parana river down the Porto Primavera dam. The data collection was carried out by the application of questionnaires to a total of 187 fishermen, of those just 164 interviews had been considered valid. They were applied on July 1998 (dry season) and February 1999 (rainy season). The objective of this paper was to make a list of the variables directly
linked to the fishing activity (such as habitats, seasons - dry or rainy, gears used in the fishing, days of fishing during the week, material used in the boat and motorized (or not)
boat) as well as some socio-economical variables (age, civil status, number of dependents, education, search of another activity during the decline of fisheries).Through descriptive measures and statistical tests, it was concluded that nearly 75% of the fishermen are less than 50 years old and they are married. Nearly 64% of interviews have up to 3 dependents and there is a predominance of primary school (complet or
incomplet). Statistically, the search for another activity in the decline of fishing in the season, the material used in the boat and the number of days of fishing during the week depend on habitats and season where fishermen are acting. The gears more frequently used are gillnets, that prevail in the habitats 1 and 2, and longline, more frequent in the habitat 3.


The phase stability, mechanical properties and lattice thermal conductivity of the ternary layered ceramic Ti2(AlxSn1−x)C solid solutions are systematically investigated using the first-principles calculation. Present calculated results indicate that all the Ti2(AlxSn1−x)C solid solutions are thermodynamic and elastically stable and all these compounds are identified as brittle materials. The temperature dependence of lattice thermal conductivity and the minimum thermal conductivity of the Ti2(AlxSn1−x)C compounds are reported. Moreover, Debye temperature and melting point of these compounds are also obtained. Present results predict that all Ti2(AlxSn1−x)C compounds have a relative high melting point and Debye temperature, indicating that all Ti2(AlxSn1−x)C compounds possess a rather stiff lattice and good thermal conductivity.


The prognostic role of CD4 response in the first six months of treatment in patients achieving early viral suppression during HIV treatment is unclear.


La muerte de un burocrata (1966), a comedy by Tomas Gutierrez Alea, recounts in burlesque fashion the desperate attempts of a nice boy to get back his uncle's union card, which was buried with him. This slender plot allows Alea to narrate the comic-burlesque adventures of an anti-hero whose feats lead him into madness, the only possible response to bureaucratic lunacy and to an ideology embodied by a charismatic hero. The impossibility of getting the uncle buries echoes the impossibility of symbolizing the murder of the father, in parallel with a bureaucratic and tyrannical regime. The very structure of the film illustrates the unconscious conflicts it reveals through the comical distancing required to make their representation possible.


This work addresses the problem of robust stabilization of the concentration of two different species competing for a single limiting substrate. This stabilization is performed by means of discontinuous feedback control laws that ensure coexistence of all species. The control laws are designed considering bounded uncertainties on the kinetic rates.


Abstract - Regional disparities occur because each region has different endowment factors. These factors take human resources, geographic area, development facilities, and infrastructure availability. This is reinforced by the opinion of economists from the neoclassical school, including Walter Isard (1950,63), Myrdal (1976, 56-59 and 62-65), Friedmann (1979, 221), and finally Douglass (1979, 76). The research results explain that the road infrastructure of Lintas Selatan Road in the South Malang Regency area provides positive externalities to the local economic development of coastal communities. It also increases capitalization in the coastal fisheries industry's input sector by increasing investment and increasing the number of vessels. Negative externalities occur fast and massive pull of natural resources in the coastal areas to all economic centers in Malang Raya. The availability of coastal natural resources is still in the sustainable category, although exploration has increased after constructing the South Cross Road (JLS) infrastructure. The analytical tool method used is Maximum Sustainable Yield / MSY and Economic Valuation (Contingent Valuation Method / CVM) to examine the results of the formulation of the Willingness to Pay / WTP value and the value of Willingness to Act / WTA. The attraction of the coastal area resources is described qualitatively. The Sustainable Development Paradigm is used in explaining the externalities of the Southern Cross Road (JLS) infrastructure to the development of coastal areas in the South Malang Regency.
Keywords: Coastal Areas, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development


ABSTRACT Glutamine (Gln) supplementation is known to play a beneficial role in a number of settings of critical illness as well as laboratory models of endotoxin shock. We have investigated a molecular mechanism of the protective role of Gln in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock using a mouse model. To examine the effectiveness of Gln, Gln was administered before or after LPS injection. Treatment of Gln before, but not after, LPS injection resulted in inhibition of nuclear factor &kgr;B activation and tumor necrosis factor &agr; synthesis. In contrast, protection of animal from LPS-mediated death by Gln was observed when the Gln treatment was performed after LPS injection, suggesting that nuclear factor &kgr;B/tumor necrosis factor &agr; signaling does not play an important role in this process. LPS injection induced phosphorylation of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which was blocked by Gln treatment after LPS injection. Similarly, the LPS-stimulated cPLA2 activity was also inhibited by Gln treatment after LPS injection. Moreover, a cPLA2 inhibitor not only inhibited LPS-induced activation of cPLA2, but also significantly prevented LPS-mediated death. These observations indicate that Gln has a capability to inhibit cPLA2 phosphorylation and activation and suggest that Gln might be of a great therapeutic value for controlling inflammatory diseases in which cPLA2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the diseases.ABBREVIATIONS-Gln, glutamine; cPLA2, cytoplasmic phospholipase A2; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-&kgr;B, nuclear factor &kgr;B; TFMK, arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone; p65 AS, antisense against p65 components of NF-&kgr;B; p65 NS, p65 nonsense against p65 components of NF-&kgr;B; TNF-&agr;, tumor necrosis factor &agr;; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride


Uncle Sam is looking for a few good U.S.companies to help the Russians destroy their stocks of chemical weapons. The Pentagon is asking experienced U.S. firms to bid on two contracts—one to redesign and equip an analytical laboratory in Moscow, the other to build a destruction facility at Shchuch'ye, a weapons storage facility east of the Ural Mountains. Money for the contracts—$30 million for the lab and $400 million for the destruction facility—will come from Nunn-Lugar funds. These funds, named after their principal sponsors, Sens. Sam Nunn (D-Ga.) and Richard G. Lugar (Rited U.S. access to Japanese technical information. Mary L. Good, Commerce Department undersecretary for technology, urged Japan to change its copyright system so U.S. organizations can more easily access documents originating from the Japanese government. The Japanese acknowledged this as an area of concern, but the two nations made little progress toward resolving the problem. "These high-level meetings ...


Abstract Our goal in writing this text is to examine the main existing institutes of Law No. 9,009/95, in order to allow a systematic overview of the Special Criminal Courts.  One can not fail to mention also the reflections of Law No. 11.313/06, that adding new text to the text of art. 61 of Law No. 9.099/95 has raised new questions for the institutes of criminal transaction and for the suspension of the proceeding pertains to grant of such extension of benefits for crimes whose minimum sentences will not exceed two years. Also one can not forget the changes introduced by Law No. 11.719/08 to reshape almost the entire chapter on procedures in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Thus, through the new system adopted, the Special Courts became part of the procedure without a change in the very Law No. 9.099/95. Key-words : Special Criminal Courts; Special procedure.


Abstract

 L. lilii is a Eurasian chrysomelid beetle that was first found in Quebec, Canada, in 1943, from where it has spread to several Canadian Provinces, and Vermont and Maine in the USA. It was also reported in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1992, and it is now found in several New England States. It is also alien and invasive in the UK and, probably, in Northern Europe. The beetle most probably spreads with the sale and movement of potted lilies, flowering bulbs or cut flowers. In countries where it is invasive, it is a serious pest of cultivated lilies and fritillaries. Without control methods, leaves and flowers are totally defoliated by larvae. In North America, it also represents a threat to native lilies.


This special issue of the Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems contains selected articles of fuzzy logic for analysis of clinical diagnosis and decision-making in health care.


Recent studies by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Neutron Scattering of the dynamics and phase‐fractions of water/ice systems in templated porous silicas (SBA‐15) indicate that what was believed to be a non‐frozen surface water layer is actually plastic ice, the quantity varying (continuously and reversibly) with temperature, and converting to a brittle (mainly cubic) ice at lower temperatures.Current research relates to the study the dynamics of polar water/ice and a‐polar organics at both solid and vapour interfaces. The polar results are significant for water/ice systems in the environment, where snow‐packs, glaciers and icebergs are common examples of water/ice systems with extensive air/vapour interfaces.This research also points the way forward for wide‐range cryoporometric metrology in 'difficult' systems such as high iron content clays and rocks, as well as aged concrete. Results are presented for cryoporometric measurements on meteorite samples with a significant metallic content, exhibiting T0* r...


Water system is a complex system, and effective control of the water resources system decision is a more complicated system engineering through exploring the system variables characteristics and variable' s interactions during the formation of water shortages. In this paper the management mechanism of water resources system is analyzed by combining the frame of" Pressure-State-Response". Aiming at analyzing the change of the main parameters in the water resources management process, we apply the qualitative consequence and QSIM algorithm to the qualitative simulation of water resources decision. According to the action between the correlative factors in water resources management system, the constraints and regulations of qualitative simulation are framed. This paper takes the decision variables of water utilization structure and water-saving society construction for example. Then simulation reasoning is conducted by using the qualitative reasoning and analysis method based on QSIM algorithm. Acontrast is made between the affection of single decision variable and multi-decision variables on the state of water resources system. The result from the example accords with practice, which is meaningful in the actual decision-making of water resources management.


This paper presents a simplified method for predicting temperature swings in direct-gain buildings. It is called the DHC method due to the use of a diurnal heat capacity (DHC). Diurnal heat capacity is a measure of the effective amount of heat stored during a sunny day and then released at night - the typical 24-hour diurnal cycle. This enables prediction of the maximum temperature swings experienced in the building and can be calculated using a single 24-hour harmonic. The advantage is that closed-form analytic solutions can be obtained for a variety of simple and layered-wall configurations. Higher harmonic components are accounted for by a correction factor. The method is suitable for us by hand or on a programmable calculator.


A Research Project Submitted to the Department of Economic Theory in the School of Economics, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Degree of Masters of Arts of Kenyatta University, 2019


Nowadays, many college students have a lot of stress, which does great harm to their health. In order to examine the stress that students of Mianyang city are now undergoing and the strategies they used to cope with their stress, on October 10 th 2017, an instance of survey was conducted among 3000 students from different colleges and universities of Mianyang city. Among them 1500 were male and the other 1500 were female. The survey was carried out by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete. There were 25 questions among which 23 were ticking items and the other two should be answered with sentences. According to the collected data, the students came to Mianyang for further education. They were experiencing stress. The main stressors, in order, were competition in study, financial pressure, homesickness and maladaptation to the circumstances. Most of them studied hard, so they got up early in the morning. Each one of them had confidence in themselves. The main harms their stress did to them, in order, were inefficiency in study, bad mood and insomnia. But a majority of them never thought of giving up. When they got a low mark, most of them would feel disappointed. The four most important strategies to cope with their stress, in order, were walking slowly, enjoying humors, telephoning relatives or friends and traveling. Few of them agreed that drinking or smoking could alleviate stress. A majority of them agreed that sleeping was the best way to reduce and control stress.


Both Paul Celan's and George Steiner's writings deal with the relationship between culture and barbarism; both originate in a terrible guilt of the survivor. In Paul Celan's case, it is the guilt of surviving his own parents, exterminated in an internment camp in the Transnistria Governorate in 1942. In Steiner's case, when he was 11 years old and on a vacation with his family in New York, his father decided that they would not return to Paris, but remain in the United States; in a few weeks, the Nazi army would occupy Paris; of Steiner's Jewish colleagues at his elite high school in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, only one would survive (besides Steiner himself). In an autobiographical essay published in 1965 in Commentary, "A Kind of Survivor," Steiner states directly: "I am a survivor, and not intact." The Holocaust's traumatic memory imbues every line in Celan's poetry and every sentence in Steiner's scholarly books – long before Holocaust studies became an academic discipline (he has done enormously himself in this respect). The present article documents traces of this fundamental trauma both in Celan's poetry and in Steiner's academic and autobiographic writing.


Early exposures that promote gut microbiome dysbiosis are associated with childhood and adult disease. The ability of whole (vs refined) grains to enhance gut microbiome composition and function and host immunometabolic health remains controversial. We assessed the impact of whole vs refined wheat on gut microbiome maturation in Sprague Dawley rats fed a snack food‐based diet.


Male breast cancer is uncommon disease.This review primarily introduces the character of biology(BRCA-1、BRCA-2、HER-2/new、p53 Bcl-2 p21waf1、p27kip1)、diagnosis and therapy related to male breast cancer.Its diagnosis is mainly depended on pathology,its axillary lymph node matastasis is the the main factor related to prognosis.Therapy mainly depends on operation and combined therapy can improve the survival rate.


Brookhaven National Laboratory is in the process of designing a new Electron Synchrotron for scientific research using synchrotron radiation. This facility, called the 'National Synchrotron Light Source II' (NSLS-II), will provide x-ray radiation of ultra-high brightness and exceptional spatial and energy resolution. It will also provide advanced insertion devices, optics, detectors, and robotics, and a suite of scientific instruments designed to maximize the scientific output of the facility. The project scope includes the design, construction, installation, and commissioning of the following accelerators: a 200 MeV linac, a booster accelerator operating from 200 MeV to 3.0 GeV, and the storage ring which stores a maximum of 500 mA current of electrons at an energy of 3.0 GeV. It is planned to operate the facility primarily in a top-off mode, thereby maintaining the maximum variation in stored beam current to < 1%. Because of the very demanding requirements for beam emittance and synchrotron radiation brilliance, the beam life-time is expected to be low, on the order of 2-3 hours. Analysis of the bulk shielding for operating this facility and the input parameters used for this analysis are discussed in this paper. The characteristics of each of the accelerators and their operating modes more » are summarized with the input assumptions for the bulk shielding analysis. « less


To solve urban transportation problems requires not only specialized technology but also effective administrative management.Recognizing public transit as an important component of urban system,this paper emphasizes developing urban transportation system in a system perspective.Taking Tokyo as an example,the paper discusses transportation system management and design in several aspects:public transportation especially rail transit system,transportation technology,and parking management.Finally,the paper proposes a comprehensive and coordinated urban transportation system through reasonable planning and scientific management such as innovative planning concept,reasonably controlling urban spatial extent and urbanization rate,prioritizing public transit and separating motorized and non-motorized traffic,improving efficiency of different travel modes,implementing transportation management,and etc.


The concept of human capital development has been actively developed by the UN since the end of the twentieth century, the main principle of which is to expand the opportunities of each person to realize their potencies and aspirations, to lead a healthy, full-fledged creative life. And this, in turn, is the main meaning and purpose of the socio-economic development of modern society. The criterion of social development is thus the individual. Understanding this idea at the national level has been reflected in a series of national reports on human development in Kazakhstan published in recent years. The formation of human capital involves the humanization of both the educational process, i.e., the creation of conditions aimed at the disclosure and development of the individual's abilities, his positive self-realization. the goal of education is the need to develop a value-oriented personality. The idea of humanization contributes to the renewal of the process of education in social institutions, which should be carried out through the formation of educational systems.


Inflation is often thought to be the result of excessive money creation—too many dollars chasing too few goods. While in principle this is true, in practice there can be a lot of leeway, so long as trust in the monetary authority's ability to keep things under control remains high. The American colonists' experience with paper money illustrates how and why this is so and offers lessons for the modern day.


The simplest topological model for quantum computing which can approximate any quantum circuit efficiently by braiding conformal blocks is based on the Fibonacci topological quantum field theory TQFT1. The corresponding conformal field theories CFTs for the Fibonacci TQFT include the level= 1 WZW G2 CFT. TQFTs are low-energy effective theories for topological phases of matter such as fractional quantum Hall FQH liquids, where quasiparticles can be anyons, even non-Abelian anyons theoretically. We will use the term anyon loosely here to include also the nonAbelian anyons. On theoretical and numerical grounds it is believed that the Fibonnaci TQFT is an essential part of an effective theory for the FQH liquids at filling fraction =1 2/5 2,3. Moore and Read proposed that the ground-state wave functions for anyons localized at fixed positions are given by the conformal blocks of the corresponding conformal field theory 4. Thus quantum gates in topological quantum computers are the braiding matrices of the conformal blocks, which are also the braiding statistics of anyons. A decade ago, Shor discovered the polynomial-time quantum algorithm for factoring integers. A key component of Shor's algorithm is the application of the discrete Fourier transforms FN. It is known that a Fibonacci topological quantum computer can simulate Shor's algorithm efficiently, but the simulation requires approximations of the Fourier transforms 1. In this paper we present a "no-go" theorem by showing that an approximation is unavoidable. Closely related to the Fourier transforms are the discrete sine or cosine transforms which are also useful for signal processing. Our discussion of Fourier transforms applies equally to those transforms.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: Not many obstetricians in Australia perform 'their own' caudal blocks in patients requiring forceps delivery or manual removal of the placenta. This paper indicates that the practice is safe when training is appropriate and expertise is maintained by regular use of the technique.


The coloration of BaTiO/sub 3/ crystals, grown by the method of Matthias, was investigated. The absorption spectrum of single crystals which became brown during growth is given. The crystals were then heated in hydrogen or in the reducing portion of an alcohol lamp flame, and it became almost transparent with a light yellow tint. After heating in air or oxygen the crystals again acquire a reddish-brown coloring. The absorption spectrum of these coloration is given. Field coloration was aiso observed. If a bleached single crystal is subjected to a voltage of 500 v at 300 deg , a slow progress of heavy reddish-brown coloration possessing a very even front is seen. If the field is reversed, the brown coloring leaves. The brownish coloration is very dependent on temperature. (J.S.R.)


The small angle neutron scattering experiments were conducted on N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA) gels in D2O and on the corresponding NIPA solutions. The NIPA gels underwent a sharp, but a continuous volume phase transition at 34.6 °C from a swollen state to a shrunken state with increasing temperature. In the case of the gels, an excess scattering due to the presence of crosslinks was observed at low q region (q≤0.02 A−1), where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. The scattered intensity function for the gel was well described with a combination of Gauss and Lorentz‐type functions, i.e., I(q)=IG(0)exp[−Ξ2q2]+[IL(0)/(1+ξ2q2)] as proposed by Geissler et al. IG(0) and IL(0) are the intensities at q=0 for the contributions of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions, respectively. The Gaussian part results from solidlike inhomogeneity, having a characteristic size of Ξ, which is due to the introduction of crosslinks into the system. The Lorentzian part is originated from the liquid nature of the local concen...


by BURCHARD BRENTJES Eberhardstr. 3, 1156 Berlin, German Democratic Republic. 12 viii 82 The idea and, to some extent, the treatment of Alden's (CA 23:613-28) study are acceptable, but a glance at the maps reveals its main weak point: the neglect of the Khorasanian and Afghan materials. While it may be objected that they are not "Proto-Elamite," it is impossible to study the development of the Proto-Elamite trading system and the associated political structures assumed by Alden without examining the ProtoElamites' allies or enemies in northern and eastern Iran. (Various details, among them the dating of Habuba Kabira, could of course be criticized, but I will leave these to others. The treatment as nonexistent of the materials from Soviet and French excavations is difficult o understand, however, in the light of the studies of Jettmar, Tosi, Lamberg-Karlovsky, and Dales [1977].) The dependence of the trans-Iranian trading system on the situation in Khorasan and Afghanistan becomes clear when one compares Alden's scheme with the chronology established, for the most part, by Soviet excavations. (It should be noted that the carbon-14 dates in Russian-language publications are Libby dates, i.e., uncalibrated ones, and therefore 300-700 years should be added in comparing them with dates from the Anglo-French literature [Kohl 1981].) Alden postulates three phases. The first is the Uruk, in which Proto-Elam was unimportant. This is an incomplete description, because eastern Iran was more or less culturally united from Baluchistan to the Geoksur Oasis (Chlopin 1963, 1969), the representative Quetta or Geoksur wares corresponding in time to Shahr-i Sokhta I 10-9 and Damb Sadaat II. At Mundigak this was the time of Level III (and IV 1?), in southern Turkmenia the time of Namazga III, influenced by the QuettaGeoksur complex (Frumkin 1970). The area occupied by the Quetta-Geoksur culture was larger than that of the Uruk, and the social structure was similar to that of Namazga III, characterized by city-states. Quetta-Geoksur decorative motifs can be found on some Fullol vessels (Tosi and Wardak 1972). The existence of Quetta-Geoksur and Namazga III would clearly have prevented any expansion to the east by Proto-Elamites. The Quetta-Geoksur unity broke up, and the Namazga IV culture volved in Turkmenia. In Afghanistan and Baluchistan, the population moved east, and the unity of the culture was lost. Mundigak, now a developed city (IV), lost its Quetta components in Level IV, 2-3. The development in the Indus Valley leading to the Indus culture began. The Proto-Elamites took this opportunity to move into eastern Iran. This is Alden's second phase, linked with Yahya IV C (and B?) and Shahr-i Sokhta III, 1-2. Connections to the north were limited by the existence of Namazga IV culture to trade relations. Traces of Proto-Elamite trading can be found in the Fergana Valley, where the snake-cult symbol made of chlorite found at Soch is typical Proto-Elamite. Parallel to this move eastward, the Jemdet Nasr people reached Oman in search of copper. The third phase, the collapse of the Proto-Elamite trading system, corresponds to Namazga V (Sarianidi 1965) of southern Turkmenia, still an urban civilization but influenced not by Elam but by Harappa; there are imported Indus seals at Altyn-Depe (Masson 1981), a script similar to the Indus script, etc. Their route was made clear by the excavations at Shortugai, revealing Indus-culture settlements around the lazurite area of Badakhshan in northern Afghanistan. The Indus civilization controlled the lazurite and the route to the Central Asian copper and tin fields. Lazurite reached Mesopotamia in Early Dynastic II, perhaps concurrently with the Kulli culture, by a sea route through the Persian Gulf controlled by Indus traders. To see only the Baluchistan component, as in Alden's figure 3, is therefore incorrect. There remains the problem of the "Bactrian" bronzes, dated by the hammer with a Shulgi inscription found at Susa as fullv developed in the late 3d millennium. The Sapalli complex, dated to 2100-1900 B.C., has yielded corresponding bronzes from well-controlled excavations, and some seals, statuettes, and bronzes in collections in Paris permit even an Early Dynastic date (Amiet 1978). The world of trade and states in Khorasan and Afghanistan vanished in the late 3d millennium B.C.; village cultures such as Namazga VI replaced the urban civilizations. Trade broke down when the Indus civilization also came to an end. Only indications can be given here, but the problem deserves comprehensive study or a publication based on international cooperation. Alden's problem is a serious one, but it is treated here in too limited a way.


The pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been carried out in the range between 500 and 700 °C in continuous mode in a pilot-plant unit equipped with a conical spouted bed reactor. The products have been grouped into the lumps of gas (C4–), gasoline (C5–C11), diesel (C12–C20), and waxes (C21+). The product yields and compositions of these fractions were compared both to those previously obtained in the pyrolysis performed in discontinuous mode and to those obtained by other authors in fluidized bed reactors. The results confirm the optimal performance of the conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) in obtaining high yields of waxes and fuels with low aromatic content, which is explained by the appropriate conditions of the CSBR needed to enhance heat and mass transfer between phases (capacity for coating the sand with plastic) and minimize secondary reactions (short residence time of the volatiles).


An increase of the discharge burn-up of UO2 nuclear fuels in the light water reactors results in the appearance of a change of microscopic structure, called HBS. Although well characterised experimentally, important points on the mechanisms of its formation remain to be cleared up. In order to answer these questions, a study of the contribution of the dislocation-type defects was conducted. In a first part, a calculation method of the stress field associated with periodic configurations of dislocations was developed. The method was applied to the cases of edge dislocation pile-up and wall, for which an explicit expression of the internal stress potential was obtained. Through the study of other examples of dislocation configurations, it was highlighted that this method also allows the calculation of any periodic dislocation configuration. In a second part, the evolution of interstitial-type dislocation loops was studied in UO2 fuel samples doped with 10% in mass of alpha emitters. The experimental loop size distributions were obtained for these samples stored during 4 and 7 years at room temperature. Kinetic equations are proposed in order to study the influence of the re-solution process of interstitials from a loop back to the matrix due to an impact with the recoil atom 234U, as well as the coalescence of two interstitial loops that can diffuse by a volume mechanism. The application of the model shows that the two processes must be considered in the study of the evolution of radiation damage.


We analyze the implications of luminescent coupling on multijunction cell design and performance, using a recently developed formalism that uses the measured luminescent coupling parameters as inputs to an analytical model of the full current-voltage (J-V) characteristic of the cell. This calculation of the full J-V curve allows the determination of the cell open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and efficiency in the presence of luminescent coupling. We show that luminescent coupling affects critical aspects of the cell design that include the optimal junction thicknesses and bandgaps, and affects the dependence of the cell performance on the spectral content of the light illuminating it.


Today,quality education is a pop topic in the educational world and class is the main field of its application.As a college teacher of public English,the writer has tried a lot to apply quality education to the practice of the English teaching and got some achievements.Not only does it arouse the students'interest in English,but also it gains two effects:teaching English and educating students.


One of key issues in the construction of wireless sensor network (WSN) is how efficiently sensor nodes re-subscribe to the network after networking failure. ZigBee has been considered as an attractive solution for the construction of cluster-tree structured WSNs due to its low-power and low-complexity features. However, it may be able to re-subscribes to the network through network rejoining which may require for large signaling overhead and time delay. In this thesis, we consider the design of a cluster-wise self-healing (CS) in a beacon-enabled cluster-tree structured WSN. When a router experience networking failure from its parent node, the proposed CS makes it maintain synchronization with its child nodes, preventing from orphan propagation to its child nodes. Meanwhile, it makes only the orphaned router initiate the re-subscription to the network on behalf of its child nodes. Thus, the proposed CS allows the network re-subscription through one re-subscription process of the orphaned cluster head, significantly reducing the recovery time and energy consumption for the recovery as well. We also design a backup link-aided self-healing (BL) where nodes select a parent node for the network subscription and also a back-up parent node for network re-subscription. The proposed BL can reduce the recovery time since it can minimizes the process for the selection of a new parent node and associated message exchanges for network re-subscription. Computer simulation and experimental results show that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the energy consumption, recovery time and signaling overhead for network re-subscription.


For many decades, decision makers, especially economists and engineers, have benefited significantly from the use of advanced computer models and simulations for complex (sociotechnological) decision making. Computerized simulations, of course, are being applied widely in infrastructure-based utilities (i.e., natural gas, electricity, wastewater, and drinking water). We would not be able to design, control, and manage the production, retail, and provision of such vital goods and services without simulation. An important characteristic of simulation-games is the intricate combination of rule-based human decisions, computerized models, and simulations. Simulationgames are much less common in infrastructure-based utilities than other forms of simulations. Why devote special attention to simulation-games for utility deregulation in Simulation & Gaming? The answers are relatively simple and pragmatic because:


When Pope Leo XIII issued his encyclical Rerum Novarum, he invited Roman Catholics to engage their faith in the sociopolitical sphere. In Mexico, this invitation was accepted by many middle-class Catholics disillusioned with the anticlericalism that had marked their nation's political evolution in the nineteenth century. It first coalesced in an organization called the Mexican Catholic Youth Association (ACJM), under the tutelage of French-born Jesuit Bernardo Bergöend. On the other side of the bloody Cristero Rebellion (1927–29), it expressed itself in the National Catholic Student Union (UNEC), which flourished in the mid-1930s in the face of resurgent governmental anticlericalism and controversial socialist and sexual education initiatives. It led ultimately, according to David Espinosa, to the creation of Mexico's Jesuit Universidad Iberoamerica.


We propose and demonstrate an effective model of the insertion loss of single-stage optical cross-connects, which has application to improve the speed and quality of connection training, to reduce the size of the loss table, and to facilitate maintenance.


The invention provides a device for carrying out real-time monitoring to the working condition of a water pump by measuring the input voltage and current of a motor through a DSP embedded system. The device mainly comprises a detection circuit, a signal conditioning circuit, a power supply circuit, a memory circuit, a man-machine interaction circuit and a software processing program. The motor voltage and current signal collection is carried out through a Hall voltage current transducer; the high-frequency interference is removed through the conditioning circuit, so that the measurement to input voltage, current, power and power factor is realized; the current and voltage signal is converted into a harmonic admittance spectrum, and the harmonic frequency and decentration frequency of a rotor tooth are extracted, so that the rotation error and the input power source frequency are obtained; the output power of the motor is calculated by using an air gap torque method; according to the Q-P property of the pump, Q is calculated, and according to the Q-H and Q-Eta properties of the pump, H and Eta are calculated, so that the working condition monitoring is realized. According to the water pump working condition monitoring method and device based on the DSP embedded system, the real-time monitoring to the working conditions of the water pump and the motor is realized by obtaining the information of the driving motor current and voltage; the cost is low; the use is convenient.


The authors discuss the concept of delayed rehabilitation of mental patients and persons with psychiatric disabilities, which is nowadays a quite common phenomenon in psychiatry. This phenomenon of not-doing (or delaying something to be done) has been studied only since 2001. This article describes two groups of causes for development and preservation of this phenomenon, and they differ on the parameter of involvement of the patient's personal characteristics. The first group includes the causes with strong causal relationship with the patient's personality and the effect of slowing down the onset of rehabilitation measures (patient's noncompliance; specific psychopathological characteristics; lack of motivation concerning rehabilitation; specific life style; lack of insight; seeking help from medical professionals other than psychiatrist). Second group of causes includes the circumstances, which are not directly related to patient's personality. Those are: availability of accessible rehabilitation facilities, availability of information about such facilities and their range of services for patients and their family members; inadequate quality of psychiatric care; the effect of social environment; social stigma and unwillingness to seek psychiatric care because of stigma; absence of an attractive pattern of successful rehabilitation of mental patients. Presented lists of causes are not complete, and the subject needs further investigation and observation.


Potent immune suppression within tumor microenvironments (TMEs) is a hallmark of cancer. We model the TME by culture of C57BL/6J peritoneal cavity (PerC) cells. PerC cells include a significant fraction of immune-suppressive macrophages that, depending on the form of activation, temper T and B cell proliferation. PerC B cell responses to both BCR (F[ab′]2 anti-IgM) and TLR4 (LPS) ligation are suppressed. Here, we show that IgD receptor ligation (anti-IgD) induces modest B cell proliferation in this suppressive environment. Unlike other forms of B cell stimulation, the anti-IgD response is optimal at high PerC cell concentrations. Both polyclonal anti-IgD and monoclonal anti-IgDa(AMS 9.1) reagents trigger B cell proliferation. Strain comparisons revealed better responses with PerC cells from BALB/c ("Th2-like") mice. Interestingly, while IL-4 enhanced spleen B cell proliferation, this cytokine suppressed the PerC cell response to IgD ligation. We are testing other cytokines to optimize this response and are assessing the impact of IgD ligation on T cell survival in the PerC cell/TME model. These studies may inform strategies to enhance lymphocyte activation within TMEs.


Les Besser Besser Associates Los Altos, California A t low frequencies the Nyguist criteria provides a safe indication of stability. As frequencies increase circuit and system designers face a more difficult and tedious task. A thorough stability analysis should be performed through a wide range of frequencies, possible terminations, and power levels. Since true broadband nonlinear models are generally not available for the active devices, stability is evaluated at individual frequencies, based on small-signal device parameters.


This paper takes the winding tension system as a research object and builds its dynamic mathematical model.After a detailed analysis of the conventional feedback control scheme with tension sensors,we propose an observer-based new scheme.Based on the dynamic torque balance equations of rollers,this scheme uses the former motor control and velocity signals to estimate the on-line tension and uses its value as feedback,and then achieves sensor-less feedback control.Finally,the simulation results are compared between the two schemes.The results indicate that the proposed scheme not only reaches the same dynamic performance as the classical feedback control does,but also owns a higher steadiness precision,which fully shows the proposed algorithm is feasible.


uses integrated cycles for hot and cold strip, rolled semi-products, pieces for die casting, and free forging with an annual production of about 85,000 metric tons. The ingots are reheated in gas-fired, automatic controlled car bottom furnaces. Equipment for cutting, annealing furnaces, and vertical or horizontal furnaces for tempering are also part of the plant. The maximum length of the forging to be heated in the car bottom furnace is 15 m (49 ft). For the mechanical treatment, digitally controlled machines (lathe, cutter, boring etc) are at disposal in various sizes. The production portfolio of free forged pieces encompasses worked pieces for general mechanics and energy generating equipment, worked steel rods, and new rods. The largest weight is about 80 metric tons.


Abstract The dynamical response to localized, unsteady tropical heating is studied in a stochastic framework. Spectral statistics of the random wave response are derived from those of tropical convection using the primitive equations for a spherical baroclinic atmosphere. Short-time near-field behavior emerges in the form of a transient wavepacket which disperses away the source region. Two principal components characterize the response: 1) a projection response which matches the vertical scale of the heating and 2) a barotropic response involving Rossby normal modes. The projection response consists of a continuum of frequencies and vertical scales centered about vertical wavelengths twice the effective depth of the heating. This scale discrimination is shown to be insensitive to variations in the heating distribution. The associated disturbance is trapped laterally about the equator but radiates vertically away from the source region. It corresponds to the tropical waves traditionally studied on the equ...


1-Alkyl(aryl)quinolinium chlorides are oxidized by rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase at positions C-2 and C-4. The site and the maximum rate of oxidation are dependent on the size and the steric conformation of the N-1 substituent. The presence of a 3-carboxamido group directs the oxidation completely to position C-4, irrespective of the size of the N-substituent. Application of covalent amination in liquid ammonia as an "enzyme model" for the oxidation of these compounds shows little resemblance.


The purpose of this study was to analyze some typical measurement in exercise cognition field such as attention characteristics,perceptive ability,perceptive prediction,visual search strategy,exercise thinking and decision-making.It pointed out that although the measurement was wide abroad,there existed following problems such as non-exercise background,so many simply exercise condition,poor comprehensive index,few measurement method of reflecting internal mechanism of exercise cognition.The research direction in the future should focus on searching for integrated and mechanism-reflected measurements in complex exercise condition,especially pay attention to the level of brain excitement related to cognition.


Objective: The activity introduces students to acids and bases using the juice of a red cabbage as an indicator. The activity includes testing what happens to the indicator when acids and bases are added, and what happens when acids and bases are mixed. The students test several mystery solutions and guess their identity by testing each with the acid/base indicator. Using different colored dyes from the activity, students finish by making their own tie-die handkerchief.


[reaction: see text] Two readily prepared catalysts have been developed for the hydroamination of alkynes by 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines. The catalyses are facile with terminal alkynes and some internal alkynes. If the hydrazine bears an aryl group, Fischer cyclization can occur in a one-pot procedure. In addition, reactions with acetylene to produce a plethora of hydrazones are described. Catalytic reactions involving acetylene and substituted hydrazines are complete in less than 2 h at room temperature and 1 atm of pressure.


"L iterature is among the most important means of furthering understanding of ideas and differing visions of the world among people and societies. Thanks to its dual role of preserving the past and enlightening the present, great literature unites generations and brings nations closer."1 This vision came alive in Szczecin, where many scholars of various nationalities (American, Polish, English, Japanese, Turkish, Spanish, to name a few) pored over the writings of Herman Melville and Joseph Conrad. It was a unique occasion for academics to make "both ends meet," those of theory and of practice, since theoretical divagations were aired among breath-taking windjammers of thought.


The diffusion of a solute, fluorescein into lysozyme protein crystals has been studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Confocal laser scanning microscopy makes it possible to non‐invasively obtain high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3‐D) images of spatial distribution of fluorescein in lysozyme crystals at various time steps. Confocal laser scanning microscopy gives the fluorescence intensity profiles across horizontal planes at several depths of the crystal representing the concentration profiles during diffusion into the crystal. These intensity profiles were fitted with an anisotropic model to determine the diffusivity tensor. Effective diffusion coefficients obtained range from 6.2 × 10−15 to 120 × 10−15 m2/s depending on the lysozyme crystal morphology. The diffusion process is found to be anisotropic, and the level of anisotropy depends on the crystal morphology. The packing of the protein molecules in the crystal seems to be the major factor that determines the anisotropy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


diffuse fibrotic in the lungs, the result is decline pulmonary expansion. Six minute
walk test (6MWT) is an example of a simple practical functional test and only
requires the ability to walk. This study aims to determine whether there is a
correlation between impaired lung function the 6MWT, in tuberculosis sequel study.
The study design was post-test only experimental design which conducted in
Sardjito hospital and BP4 in Yogyakarta. The subject of this study are 39, 26 men and
13 women. The mean height 1.62 ± 0.08 m, body weight 55 ± 10.65 kg, body mass
index was 20.82 ± 3.48 kg / m². Mean FVC and FEV1 was 2.32 ± 0.81 L and 2.06 ±
0.79 L, mean predicted FVC and predicted FEV1 respectively 82.07 ± 20.44 % and
82.1 ± 17,78 % . Median (minimum-maximum) FEV1/FVC was 0.98 (0.48 to 1). The
Willcox index 1 were 26 subjects ( 66.7 % ), the Willcox index 2 were 10 subjects
(25.6 %) and Willcox index 3 were 3 patients (7.7 %). Six subjects (15.4 %) were
restriction, 14 subject were obstruction and 19 subjects were normal. The mean 6
minutes walk distance were 246.3 ± 54.8 meters .
Predicted FVC and age were influence six minutes walk distance 33.2%,
66.8% were influenced by other variables, which not examined in this study and there
was a significant differences between Willcox index with 6 minutes walk distance in
patients with tuberculosis sequelae. TB sequelae subjects which Willcox index 1 will
be able to take the six minutes walk distance longer than subject which Willcox index
3.


Great changes have taken place in the historiography of Chinese literature as a result of more than a century's practice in this field,but some key issues such as the selection of literary works,which is directly related to editors'narrative styles as well as their opinions on literary history,have hitherto been emphasized and preferred by literary historians.To be more specific,such problems as whether certain works should be included,what criteria are to be observed in the selection,how to interpret the text,and what it may mean to make a work classic,are in want of necessary reviews and research with the publication of more and more works on literary history.The present paper,based on a review of the early work in literary historiography in China,probes into and highlights the specific selections of literary works by several important works in this field,concerning their traditional discourses,sources of historical data,historical backgrounds,common practices of their times,academic relations of their editors,aesthetic tastes,political influences on them,etc.,attempting to find out the fundamental proposition that underlies literary historiography and the enlightenment of early literary historiography to the contemporary research on literary history.


In this paper, the structures and field emission properties of energetic C ion irradiated SiNWs have been investigated and influence of ion irradiation on structures and properties has been discussed. Vertically SiNW arrays are synthesized by using Ag-assisted electroless-chemical etching at room temperature, as reported in literatures. The process mainly comprises three steps: 1) surface cleaning of polished silicon wafers; 2) immersion of the cleaned silicon wafers into HF-based aqueous solution containing silver nitrate to synthesize Ag catalyst; 3) chemical etching of the Ag catalyst-covered silicon wafers in HF-base aqueous solution containing oxidant (H2O2). After throughout above processes, SiNW arrays have been synthesized. Then, the samples are immersed in 50% HNO3 solution to dissolve Ag catalyst. The as-grown SiNWs are irradiated by energetic carbon ion with an average energy of 20 keV and various doses. FE-SEM, EDS and XPS are employed to characterize the morphology and chemical structures of samples. The field emission measurement is carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber with a bi-diode system, in which the base pressure is lower than 3x10-7 Pa.


This study examines the media visibility of stakeholder concerns and its effect on firm risk. Drawing on instrumental stakeholder theory, we argue that media visibility of stakeholder concerns increases firm risk by amplifying stakeholder power and urgency. Studying a large international sample of 413 firms, we show that media visibility of stakeholder concerns has a positive and significant effect on firm risk measured by credit default swap spreads. The study adds to the theoretical literature by highlighting the special status of the media within instrumental stakeholder theory. Empirically, this study proposes and tests a novel mechanism which complements the current understanding of the financial outcomes of stakeholder management.


This paper proposes a new swarm based evolutionary algorithm called LBEST PSO with dynamically varying sub-swarms (LPSO DVS). Swarm based algorithms are meta-heuristic search methods whose mechanics are inspired by the collaborative behaviour of biological populations. The performance of four swarm based algorithms, i.e., particle swarm optimisation (PSO), fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimisation (FAPSO), fitness distance ratio particle swarm optimisation (FDRPSO) and LPSO DVS are also compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and improved GA when applied to the power system optimal power flow (OPF) problem. OPF optimises the power system operating objective function, while satisfying the set of system operating constraints. The objective functions considered in this OPF problem are fuel cost (FC) minimisation, voltage stability enhancement index (VSEI) minimisation, transmission loss minimisation (LM) and voltage deviation (VD) minimisation. Simulation results for the IEEE 30 bus system are presented and the comparison is made among the numerical results obtained using the different evolutionary algorithms.


A series of surveys conducted in New York over a 4-year period has established that the following parasites occur in association with seed chaleids infesting alfalfa ( Medicago saliva L.), red clover ( Trifolium pra/ense L.), and birds foot trefoil ( Lotus comiculatus L.) seed in the State: Tetraslichus bruchophagi Gah., Eupelmus allynii (Fr.), Eupeimella vesicularis (Ratz.), Liodon/omerus longfellowi (Gir.), Liodontomerus perplexlis Gah., Ambbymerus bruchophagi Gah., and Habrocytus medicaginis Gah. Two of these species, T. bruchophagi, and H. medicaginis, were reared from seed clralcid infested seed of all three plant species. A. brllclwphagi and E. rescuyicu/aris were reared from both alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil seed. L. longfellni, L, perpleexus, and E. albynii lynii were found to restrict their activities to seed ehakid infested seeds of a single plant host, being ['eared solely from seeds of red clover, alfalfa, and birds foot trefoil, respectively.


The goals of the Functional Task Test (FTT) study were to determine the effects of spaceflight on functional tests that are representative of critical exploration mission tasks and to identify the key physiological factors that contribute to decrements in performance.


According to the characteristics of the dynamic force of jet elements, a kind of simple pendulum test system was presented. The dynamic jet force value was obtained indirectly by the acceleration value of the jet element under its force. The mathematic model of the test system was established and the test errors of the amplitude and delay time were analyzed. A processing method of dynamic force test data was presented based on the test curve and the parameters of amplitude and delay time were obtained. The result indicates that the test method can satisfy the testing requirements of dynamic force and it has advantages of simple structure, low demands of testing condition and simple method of data processing.


Previous research has shown the effectiveness of integrated redesign of civil engineering structures with control systems. A procedure for design of controlled structural systems was developed using a two-stage approach: (1) a design of an optimal control system using a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm and (2) a redesign using an optimization procedure to match the performance of the controlled system obtained in (1). However past research was applied to fixed based structures considering relatively stiff soil conditions. It has been suspected, though, that using such techniques in soft soil sites while considering soil structure interaction, may diminish some of the advantages observed in past research. This paper examines the effect of soilstructure interaction on the seismic performance of integrated redesign. A linear SDOF steel portal frame, a 6 story building and a linear 9-DOF shear-type structure with different soil types and with a rigid surface foundation have been considered analyzing soilstructure interaction effects.


Most research on the parental antecedents of moral development has been inspired by psychoanalytic theory, which stresses the importance of repression in the internalization of moral standards. It is perhaps for this reason that the research has focused mainly on prohibitions (e.g., cheating, aggression, disobedience, lying), and the aspects of prohibitions studied have usually been resistance to temptation (I, 4, 5, 13, I6) and guilt reactions following transgression (1, 3, 6, 15). The findings in these studies have been reviewed in detail elsewhere (io). The present paper takes a different point of departure and deals with the antecedents of a positive norm: consideration for others.


According to the harsh condition of the conditional independence of feature attributes in the Naive Bayesian algorithm, an improved Naive Bayesian classification method based on feature correlation weighting is proposed. The degree of correlation between feature attributes, class attributes and feature attributes is judged by symmetric uncertainty, irrelevant feature attributes and redundant attributes are eliminated, and then the correlation between feature attributes and class variables is high and the correlation degree between feature attributes is low. The basic principle of the weight assignment of feature attributes, and finally experimental verification on the public data set. According to the experimental results, the algorithm can effectively reduce the influence of the correlation between the features and effectively improve the classification accuracy.


A series of 21 bridged, vicinal, exocyclic dimethylene hydrocarbons (1–21) have been converted to the related benzopolycyclic dimethyl esters (C1–C21) by oxidation of their respective dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate Diels–Alder adducts (B1–B21).This synthetic sequence represents an excellent, general route to aromatic ring-substituted benzopolycyclic hydrocarbons.


This paper designs the thought and pattern of English teaching by using the theory of psychological motivation, and analyzes them with specific cases. Its purpose is to make English teaching stimulate more favorably students' learning motivation, solve more directly teaching problems.


K-shell ionization cross sections of Nb by electron impact in the energy range 20--34 keV have been measured. The influence of electrons reflected from a backing on the measurement was corrected using an electron transport model. For comparison several calculations using theoretical and empirical expressions have been performed.


Background- A growing number of human diseases has been found to be associated with aberrant DNA methylationand correlates with chromatin associated gene silencing. The recruitment of MeCP2 to methylated CpG dinucleotides represents a major mechanism by which DNA methylation can repress transcription. UHRF1 promotes widespread DNA hypomethylation, an epigenetic hallmark of cancer cells. Histone methyltransferases (HMT) catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to Histone proteins . Methodology- Standard & Real Time PCR, SDS-PAGE & Western Blotting Result- The Ct value of genes UHRF1, MeCP2, EHMT1 , EHMT2 and EZH2 is slightly higher in Cancerous cells than in normal cells respectively except Ct value of EZH1 is slightly lower in Cancerous cells than in normal cells. Conclusion- From both of the qualitative analysis and the expression level of all these genes analysed viz. MeCP2, UHRF1, EHMT1, EHMT2, EZH1 and EZH2, slightly indicates overexpression of these genes in Cancerous cells than the Normal cells.


Eighty turquoise blue glass trade beads from three archaeological sites in the Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec have been chemically characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Comparison of their individual chemistries with previously established chemistries of well dated beads from archaeological sites in Ontario, Nova Scotia and New York State allows us to estimate the tentative ages of the Quebec beads, and hence to establish the time periods over which each of the three sites were in use.


In the present study, polymer electrolyte films composed of polyacrylonitrile
(PAN) as a host polymer, ethylene carbonate (EC) as the plasticizer and lithium triflate
(LiCF3SO3) and sodium triflate (NaCF3SO3) as dopant salts were prepared by the
solution cast technique. Five systems of polymer electrolytes films have been prepared;
these systems are the plasticized-PAN system i.e. PAN-EC system, two salted-PAN
systems i.e. PAN-LiCF3SO3 and PAN-NaCF3SO3, and two plasticized-salted PAN
systems i.e. PAN-EC-LiCF3SO3 and PAN-EC-NaCF3SO3. The pure PAN film was
prepared as a reference. The ionic conductivity for each system is characterized using
impedance spectroscopy. The room temperature conductivity of the pure PAN film and
the film containing 24 wt.% EC is 1.51 x 10-11 Scm-1 and 3.43 x 10-11 Scm-1
respectively. The room temperature-conductivity for the highest conducting film in the
PAN-LiCF3SO3 system and PAN-NaCF3SO3 system is 3.04 x 10-4 S cm-1 and 7.13 x 10-
4 S cm-1 respectively. On addition of plasticizers, the ionic conductivity of these films is
further increases to one order of magnitude, i.e. 1.32 x 10-3 S cm-1 and 5.49 x 10-3 S cm-
1 for PAN-EC-LiCF3SO3 film and PAN-EC-NaCF3SO3 film, respectively. The increase
in conductivity is due to the increase in number of mobile ions and this can be implied
from the dielectric constant, er - frequency plots. The conductivity-temperature and
pressure–dependence studies are then performed on the highest conducting film from
the PAN-LiCF3SO3 system, the PAN-NaCF3SO3 system, the PAN-EC-LiCF3SO3
system and the PAN-EC-NaCF3SO3 system. The plots of conductivity versus inverse
temperature for all systems followed the Arrhenius rule. The activation energy, Ea
values for the PAN+26wt% LiCF3SO3 film, the PAN+24wt%NaCF3SO3 film, the
PAN+EC+22wt% LiCF3SO3 film and the PAN+EC+34wt% NaCF3SO3 film have been
calculated to be 0.28 eV, 0.23 eV, 0.22 eV and 0.19 eV respectively. It can be observed
iii
that the film containing NaCF3SO3 salt has higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy compared to the film containing LiCF3SO3 salt. This result can be explained based on the Lewis acidity of the alkali ions, i.e., the strength of the interaction of cations with the nitrogen atoms from the polymer, PAN. The variations in ionic conductivity in the polymer electrolyte systems with pressure have been carried out at the pressure range between 0.1 atm to 1.0 atm. The conductivity is observed to decrease with increasing pressure for all systems. The activation volume, V* values for the PAN-26wt% LiCF3SO3 film, the PAN-24wt% NaCF3SO3 film, the PAN-EC-22wt% LiCF3SO3 film and the PAN EC-34wt% NaCF3SO3 film have been calculated to be 3.04 x 10-2 cm3 mol-1, 2.86 x 10-2 cm3 mol-1, 1.37 x 10-2 cm3 mol-1 and 1.11 x 10-2 cm3 mol-1, respectively. FTIR spectrum for pure PAN film exhibits the nitrile band, C≡N at 2247 cm-1 and this band shifted to 2244 cm-1 in this complex films. This is due to inductive effect created by the interaction between the nitrogen atom in C≡N with Li+ and Na+ ions from the salts. The XRD studies show the occurrence of complexation between the polymer, the plasticizer and the salts. The SEM micrographs show that the presence of the plasticizer in PAN-salt system helped to obtain regular pore structure, which can increase ion mobility and conductivity. DSC studies show that the pure PAN film has glass transition temperature, Tg at 85.4 °C. The Tg of the film decreases upon addition of the plasticizer and the salts. This result is in good agreement with the conductivity behavior.


Personnel agency system in higher colleges is helpful to broaden the channels of choosing and employing persons,as well as promote the rational flow of talent and improve the efficient use of personnel. But there are many problems in the process of implementation,such as laws and regulations are not sound,personnel development prospects are blocked,lack of a sense of belonging and confused in file administration. In recent years,the national implementation of reform of the personnel system in public institutions has obtained certain achievements,especially many of the new published policy,which provides the conditions for the mobility of talents. Under the new situation,colleges should seize the opportunity to develop and promote the formation of the contract system,formulate relevant legal documents policy,regulate personnel agency system in higher colleges.Management of higher colleges should improve their self-cultivation,actively promote the reform of personnel system,use the information means to promote the archives management effectively and promote the development of college personnel agency system.


We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth {lambda}(T) in noncentrosymmetric superconductor Re{sub 3}W. We employed two experimental techniques: extraction of {lambda}(T) from magnetic dc susceptibility, measured on a powder sample, and the rf tunnel diode resonator technique, where a bulk polycrystalline sample was used. The results of both techniques agree: the temperature dependence of the penetration depth can be well described by weak-coupling, dirty-limit, s-wave BCS theory where we obtain {Delta}(0)/k{sub B}T{sub C}=1.76{+-}0.05. No evidence for unconventional pairing resulting from the absence of the inversion symmetry is found.


An improved method of determining yields of sulphur trioxide in sulphur dioxide oxidations is reported. The method relies on the absorption of SO3 from the reaction gases. An all-teflon system incorporating a gas density balance is used. Separation of $02 and 02 is effected on a Porapak PS column at ambient temperature. tion to not being able to reproduce the separation achieved by the authors, the accuracy of the method must be questioned. In both reported studies [2, 3] extreme tailing of the peak due to SO3 was observed. This would lead to inaccuracies when trying to integrate peaks due to SO3 particularly when SO3 concentrations are low.


It is considered the system of evaluation of function enterprises' quality (SEFEQ) that includes different aspects, indicators sets and it also includes particular indicators of function. It is showed comparative analysis different conditions of balance the indicators of quality function and aspects of evaluation enterpeises' function that appropriate them. It is indicated that SEFEQ must be considered as a dynamic system.


A review of the unclassified literature is presented that tabulates the reported equilibrium pressure data of the lanthanide diprotides and dideuterides in the form log P(torr) = A/T + B. Values of the thermodynamic properties are tabulated and the trend in those data is explained by several semiempirical formulas. The isotope shifts are calculated by two independent means. For any lanthanide metal, the heat of formation of the dihydride is about 1.5 kcal/mole more negative than the dideuteride, which, in turn, is about 0.5 kcal/mole more negative than the ditritide. These values agree well with the experimental values. 4 figures, 2 tables.


Shows elephant Fath Mubarak who was so violent that the Mahouts were afraid of him and so Akbar mounted him and reduced him to obedience


Temperature dependence of laser-induced damage thresholds were measured by Nd:YAG laser (1064-nm wavelength, 4- ns pulse width) and Ti:Sapphire laser (800-nm wavelength, 100-fs, 2-ps, and 200-ps pulse widths) to elucidate the effects of laser-induced damage mechanisms. As experimental samples, SiO2, MgF2, Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2, and Ta2O5 were prepared by electron evaporation. With longer pulses than few picoseconds, laser-induced damage thresholds were increased with decreasing temperature. Temperature dependence was reversed for shorter pulses than a few picoseconds. The effects of temperature at different pulse width to laser-induced damage mechanisms were considered with separated processes. In the conclusions, a temperature effect to free-electron generations by photoionization and multi photon ionization is negligible. However, the temperature affects to electron multiple (electron avalanche) and critical density. Electron multiple decreased at low temperature and the laser-induced damage thresholds increased. On the other hand, critical density decreased at low temperature and the laser damage thresholds decreased. Influence of electron avalanche is much greater than the impact of critical density. Thus, the trend and the strength of the temperature dependence on laser-induced damage threshold will be decided by electron avalanche.


Abstract A useful technique is presented that allows a numerical solution based on the boundary integral theory to be sought for the transport of solutes in heterogeneous porous media. In this analysis it is assumed that the hydraulic conductivity is a known function of distance and the flow is unidirectional. This method entails an element-based interpretation of the integral replication of the governing partial differential equation. The region over which the scale dependent hydraulic conductivity is determined constitutes a representative element, and in one of the models described herein the resulting equivalent conductivity can be interpreted as the effective conductivity over that element. Solution of the conduction-dispersive equation is obtained by assembling all elemental solutions in a way that guarantees a sparsely populated, symmetric, and positive definite coefficient matrix in all cases. We adopt two methods based on this numeric technique to deal with media heterogeneity. Results were found to be very encouraging, and clearly indicate that the method can be relied upon for modelling more complex flows.


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53 cases of conservative relief of ileus in acute adhesive intestinal obstruction are described. Lap aroscopic adhesiolysis with use of antiadhesive barrier medicines are made. An antiadhesive treatment complex with system enzyme therapy is determined. It is established that modern antiadhesive barrier medicines are pledge of successful operative treatment of peritoneal commissures of abdominal cavity and does not depend on a way of operation as they correspond to pathogenesis during preventive measures of this disease.


For a long period of time there has been an extensive documentation of how things are presumed not to be at our workplace. However there is little knowledge on how it is supposed to be, what makes ...


The 'urban question' has attracted increasing attention since the 1990s in the South Asian context because the issues at stake take on a particular urgency in the subcontinent for several reasons. A first, obvious reason is the increasing (and even strategic) importance of cities from a demographic, political and economic perspective. South Asia is home to 5 of the 10 largest cities—in fact, megacities—in the world. At the same time, with an urban population of 485 million, South Asia remains...


AIM:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on the expression of NF-κB in rats spinal cord tissue after ischemia-reperfusion.METHODS: 80 male rats were randomly allocated to 2 groups(40 in each group): animals in control group received room air and normal ambient pressure;animals in HBO group received HBO pretreatment.At 4,12,24,48 h after reperfusion,the neurologic status was scored by the Tarlov criteria.All the animals were sacrificed at 48 h after reperfusion and their spinal cords(L5-7)were removed to determine expression of NF-κB by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The neurologic function scores in HBO group were higher than that in control groups at 4,12,24,48 h after reperfusion(P0.05).The expression of NF-κB in HBO group were higher than that in control group at 4,12,24,48 h after reperfusion(P0.05).A positive correlation was found between the neurologic function scores and the expression of NF-κB in spinal cord(r=0.72,0.65,P0.05).CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning can significant1y improve the motor function of hind limbs in rats after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury,and it might be re1ated with inhibition of the expression of NF-κB.


In the title dinuclear complex, [Cu2(C14H20ClN4O)ClO]·3H2O, one CuII cation assumes a distorted square-planar coordination geometry and the other a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Both CuII cations are N,N′,O-chelated by one arm of the 2,6-bis[(2-aminoethyl)iminomethyl]-4-chlorophenolate anion, and one oxide anion bridges the two CuII cations, forming a dinuclear complex. One of the CuII cations is further coordinated by an Cl− anion in the apical direction. In the crystal, lattice water molecules are linked with the complex molecule via O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds while O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding occurs between lattice water molecules , forming three-dimensional network structure.


The title compound, sodium tetramagnesium tris(arsenate), was prepared by solid-state reaction at 1243 K. The structure is built up from edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra associated with the AsO4 arsenate groups. The three-dimensional network encloses cavities in which Na+ cations are located. This compound exhibits the NaMg4(VO4)3 structure. The Na and one of the As atoms are on positions of \overline 4 symmetry and the remaining cations all lie on twofold axes.


Background:
 The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a well-validated and widely used 23-item instrument that measures patient-reported symptoms, function and quality of life for patients with heart failure. We sought to develop a shortened version to reduce response burden and facilitate greater use within busy clinical environments.

 Methods:
 We used data from 2 multicenter randomized trials (EVEREST: n=2,005; EPHESUS: n=1,616) and one multicenter outpatient cohort study (n=547) to develop and validate a short version of the KCCQ. We included items from the Physical Limitation, Symptoms, Quality of Life and Social Limitation scales, which directly measure patients' current health status. In development cohorts, we used equidistant item-total correlation methods to identify items that best correlated with their respective full-version score across the entire range of scores. We considered item response variability and missingness in choosing between similarly performing items. Using the selected items, we calculated summary scores for each of the 4 scales, and an overall summary score as the average of the 4 scale scores. (As in the full KCCQ, scores were rescaled so that 0 denotes the worst and 100 the best possible health status.) Finally, in independent validation cohorts, we conducted a range of analyses to investigate the validity, reproducibility, and responsiveness of the short-version scores.

 Results:
 We identified 12 items that tracked strongly with their corresponding full-version scores (3 of 6 Physical Limitation items; 4 of 8 Symptom items; 2 of 3 Quality of Life items; 2 of 3 Social Limitation items). Correlations between the resulting short-version and full-version scores was excellent (r=0.92 to 0.99), and missing rates were the same or lower for all scores. In validation studies, the KCCQ-12 demonstrated strong performance comparable to the full KCCQ (Table).

 Conclusions:
 The KCCQ-12 is a valid, reproducible, responsive instrument for assessing disease-specific health status among patients with heart failure, with properties and performance similar to the full KCCQ but with a substantially reduced response burden.


In situ photography of growing vertically-aligned carbon nanotube arrays has been performed using remote microscopy within a conventional CVD tube furnace reactor. Time-lapse photography permits growth kinetics measurements over long times and growth to long lengths, a technique which is complementary to recently developed in situ time resolved reflectometry (which provides similar information for the first ten microns of growth). Here we report kinetics measurements and newly-discovered phenomena during the growth longer nanotube arrays (up to 4 millimeters). Vertically-aligned arrays of multiwall carbon nanotubes were grown on silicon wafers coated with metal catalyst films using gas acetylene mixtures. For example, the measurements reveal that these nanotube arrays display a cooperative growth mode and that growth sometimes terminates and spontaneously restarts. Most importantly, the technique enables in situ adjustment of the standard processing parameters and the results of exploratory treatments intended to prolong or reinitiate growth of nanotubes to long lengths – an essential milestone for energy management and and multifunctional composite applications. This research was sponsored by DARPA and the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC0500OR22725 with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. Presenting (and contact) author: David B. Geohegan MS-6056, Bldg. 3150, ORNL P.O. Box 2008 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6056 Phone: 865-574-5497 FAX: 865-576-3676 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


We have been investigating the performance of a diode pumped visible solid state laser as a light source for laser printing and optical memory. Here we describe cw mode locked intracavity frequency doubling (1047 nm → 523 nm) using KNbO3 in the diode pumped Nd:YLF laser with high repetition rate (270 MHz), short pulse duration (<100 ps), and high peak power (>100 mW).


Aiming at Zhonghuan international deep-base pit construction,it introduces the designation of high level deep-base pit support-protect and stopping water scheme,briefly discusses constructing craft of deep layer mixing pole,high voltage spurting pole and steel bar concrete irrigating pole,it particularly expatiates constructing process and technical points of every craft method in cooperating use.


In this paper, we presented some results on chaotic mixing and transport in dynamical systems, particularly in wave systems and in the atmosphere. In wave systems, we studied chaotic mixing and transport in a perturbed traveling wave and in a perturbed stationary wave. We found that there is a fundamentally difference between the two cases. There can exist invariant KAM tori in perturbed traveling waves, and no such invariant KAM tori can be identified in perturbed stationary waves. The characteristics of mixing and transport in wave systems much depend on the perturbation structure. In some cases for both perturbed traveling waves and perturbed stationary waves, there exist porous barriers preventing rapid mixing and transport. The mechanism of chaotic mixing and transport is stretching and folding, which is shown to be the horseshoe mapping topologically. Global chaotic mixing and transport on the isentropic surface of the atmosphere was also studied. To better understand the generation of fine structure in the smooth velocity field and to gain an insight to chaotic mixing and transport, a color visualization method has been applied. Using different color pallets, we were able to emphasize different parts of the domain and obtained a wealth of information about the process. Several statistical characteristics methods have been introduced, including fractal dimension and the Lyapunov exponent. The probability distribution function and multifractal were also mentioned with application to chaotic mixing and transport. We then turned our attention to dynamically active mixing and transport. We discussed chaotic wave packet mixing and transport, describing two types of wave mixing and transport processes, i.e., dynamically passive wave mixing and dynamically active wave mixing. When the path of the wave packet is chaotic, we have chaotic wave packet mixing and transport. We showed that passive wave mixing and transport is described by the Lagrangian trajectory of the basic flow whereas dynamically active wave mixing and transport is described by the Lagrangian trajectory of wave packet. We found that there are two mechanisms in dynamically active wave mixing and transport. The first is advection by the medium flow; the second is the dispersion process, which is directly related to energy dispersion of the waves. Armed with the concept of dynamically active mixing and transport, we simulated the cloud pattern in the tropospheric atmosphere using an evaporation-transport-condensation model, and found it to be strikingly similar to cloud pictures taken by satellite.


Because of the choice of the financial oversight system influenced by the various factors about politics,economy,culture and history,there is no perfect model which is available to the financial products of many countries and also no possibility to set up a superior model by combining some perfect models.Our country is large and there are many financial institutions in it along with unbalanced economic development in different regions.So the identical oversight policy can cause different affects,thus it is hard to realize the unity which is advocated with the oversight standards and methods.


The diversity of online news is assessed through a content analysis of tens of thousands of articles, published by approximately two hundred French websites. Editorial diversity seems to be significant, with websites addressing hundreds of topics each day. However, this diversity is unevenly distributed: a few major, overexposed topics emerge, while many others remain isolated in the meanders of the Web. Each website's contribution to this dual trend reveals a gap within the online news field, between a media mainstream held by infomediaries (portals, aggregators) and conventional online media on the one hand, and the editorial originality brought by blogs and Internet pure players on the other.


A simple and rapid ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) system for fumonisins, a group of potentent carcinogen, was developed. To produce anti-fumonisin B1 (FB1) antibodies, FB1 conjugated to keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) and Freund's adjuvant were immunized into rabbits subcutaneously 3 times. From one of the antisera showing high titer and good competition with the toxin in ELISA, polyclonal antibodies were purified. The cross-reactivities of the antibodies against fumonisin were 100%, 69%, and 166%, respectively. When competitive direct ELISA established by use of the antibody was applied to the spike test of onto uncontaminated corns, the assay recovery was unstable unless 75% methanol extracts of corn were diluted to 1/100 with buffer. In that condition the mean ELISA recovery of FB1 from corns spiked was 67% and stable (coefficient of variation (CV) of each recovery percentage, 3.4%). The results suggest that the ELISA system established in this study needs no cleanup procedure and therefore would be powerful to screen a large number of corn samples contaminated with fumonisins.


Abstract Product naming is regarded as one of the most important communication decisions for firms to deliver information on their new products, particularly in the case of products with unobservable attributes, such as motion pictures, music, books, and games. Despite its importance, there has been little research on "how to name a product" as a communication decision. Hence, we propose a conceptual framework to describe naming decisions as two-stage strategic decisions. The first-stage decision involves "what kind of information to be communicated via product names," which we call the "information choice" strategy. The second-stage decision is how to express this information through product names, which we call the "expression" strategy. We applied a two-level hierarchical Bayesian model to a data set consisting of opening weekend box-office sales, names, and release dates for 393 movies released in seven countries. Our empirical study provides useful findings on movie naming. First, the information choice for movie titles significantly impacts movies' viewership. Second, the effects of "what to choose" depend on "how to express". Third, significant interaction effects occur between information choice strategies and product characteristics, which implies that naming strategies depend on the product's characteristics. One particularly noteworthy finding in this study is that although it is common sense to avoid negative wording in product names in most industries, negative content in movie titles positively impacts box-office sales.


We propose a new lens design via isotropic refractive index of heterogeneous medium. By aid of conformal map, one transfers the full Maxwell fisheye into a mapped profile within a unit circle. By this trick, the imaging resolution of this new profile is maintained as good as the mirrored Maxwell fisheye profile or its conformally-mapped counterpart in previous literature.


This study investigated the effect of shikimic and salicylic acids at the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.7 mM, respectively, or their combination as phenolic compounds and Ridomil MZ at the concentration of 250 g/100 L as a fungicide on osmotic pressure (OP), solutes allocation, organic acids, inorganic ions and relative water content were quantified in Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae. Pathogen induced noticeable decrease in osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS) and inorganic osmolytes (i.e. Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl) while caused obvious increase in proline, total soluble nitrogen (TSN) and organic acids (i.e. Keto and citric acids) in water extract of the leaf of faba bean plants. Furthermore, pathogen caused marked decrease in relative water content (RWC) of infected leaves and as a consequence the saturation water deficit (SWD) was increased. Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants. Recovery of osmotic adjustment as well as leaf turgidity of infected host by using these chemical inducers may encourage the using of them as protective control means. The results of the present study showed also that the application of chemical inducers such as shikimic and salicylic acids or their interaction increased the resistance of Vicia faba against the chocolate spot disease.


A oligoamide with pyrazoline segment was designed and synthesized.Its structure was identified by IR,MS and 1HNMR.Fluorescence property of the target compoud in solution(DMF) was studied.The results showed that the strongest emission peak was at 442nm and the half peak width was 64nm and the fluorescence quantum yield(Φ) was 73.9%,which enhanced 13% compared to the simple pyrazoline structural unit′s Φ.


Spatial organization is a central issue in Palaeolithic archaeology, since it reflects the behavioural capabilities of human groups. We present an analysis of the lithic spatial distribution in a Middle Palaeolithic site, the Abric Romaní. Discussion of these data provides some insights on the variability of settlement patterns among the Neanderthals.


The Patagonian shrub steppe, as most Patagonian ecosystems, is dominated by tussock grasses and shrubs. Our main objective was to review the ways in which grasses and shrubs interact and how this affects the structure and functioning of the steppe and discuss the impact of grazing on them. Water is the main limiting resource in the Patagonian shrub steppe. Competition and facilitation control grass and shrub density and distribution. Introduction of sheep since the beginning of the century may have affected vegetation and ecosystem structure and functioning and modified the grass-shrub relationships. We use a simple conceptual model to suggest how sheep grazing can modify the result of competition and the grass/shrub balance in ecosystems that show different levels of degradation. Additionally, grazing may disrupt the current two phase organization of vegetation and therefore may radically affect the ecosystem functioning of the steppe.


JIT business system appears as one of the features of the modern dynamic business environment. JIT's production philosophy looks at a complete scheme of business processes, from the procurement of raw materials, through its transformation into components to the finished product that the company places on the market. In doing so, great attention is paid to the control of performance measures such as: time, cost, inventory and quality. Successful management of the company in such conditions requires the collection, measurement, classification, processing and distribution of a mass of diverse information that will be relevant and provide better insight into the strategic and competitive position in the market. In JIT companies, an integrated approach to the use of financial and non-financial information for decision-making is necessary. Changes in the areas of production, management and organization have caused appropriate adjustments in costing systems, in order to effectively and efficiently use all production factors. Consequently, an integrated approach to management accounting, the Throughput Accounting concept, based on the basic principles of Constraint Theory, was adopted. Throughput accounting capabilities in terms of providing information are closely related to short-term decision making and enterprise performance management. In doing so, decisions are made on the basis of throughput per unit of limiting factor. The concept of the paper conceived in this way should contribute to the achievement of the goal related to the research of the impact of the modern business environment on the management of the company and the accounting system, and especially on management accounting.


Proton, deuterium, and sodium‐23 nuclear magnetic resonances of deuterated and ordinary lecontite have been studied from 77° to 300°K and particularly in the vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transitions at 92° and 101°K. Proton–proton vector directions were determined for the two kinds of water molecules in the unit cell and are observed not to alter as the phase transitions are traversed. Above 230°K the deuterium magnetic resonance of one type of water molecule is observed in the 180° flip state of motion. Below 101°K axial and equatorial deuterons of ND4+ groups rotating about the threefold axis are observed with no detectable change at the transition temperatures. At 300°K one kind of 23Na site is observed; below 101°K, 23Na satellite line splitting occurs indicating that there are two kinds of 23Na site in the unit cell. This splitting is attributed to an abrupt lattice distortion which occurs as the crystal is cooled below 101°K. Proton spin–lattice relaxation time data show two minima, one at 17...


Let {X(t):t∈ℝ} be the integrated on–off process with regularly varying on-periods, and let {Y(t):t∈ℝ} be a centered Lévy process with regularly varying positive jumps (independent of X(·)). We study the exact asymptotics of ℙ(sup t≥0{X(t)+Y(t)-ct}>u) as u→∞, with special attention to the case r=c, where r is the increase rate of the on–off process during the on-periods.


Objective:To determine the relationship between plasma fatty acid composition and glucose and insulin concentrations during 50g glucose tolerance test(GTT). Method:GTT was performed in 76 pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, and blood samples were taken for measurement of glucose, insulin, plasma fatty acid, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Plasma fatty acid composition was quantified using gas chromatography. Result:Plasma glucose and insulin were positively associated with the proportion of plasma MUFA, C14∶0, C16∶0, C16∶1 n-7 and C18∶1 n-9 and inversely associated with the proportion of PUFA, C18∶2 n-6 and C20∶4 n-6. Plasma glucose was also positively associated with the proportion of SFA and inversely with C22∶6 n-3. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age and BMI, the concentration of plasma glucose and insulin was negatively associated with proportional plasma PUFA respectively. With respect to the individual fatty acids, plasma linoleic acid(C18∶2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (C20∶4 n-6) showed independent negative associations with plasma glucose, and linoleic acid (C18∶2 n-6) was negatively related to plasma insulin concentration. Conclusion:High concentration of plasma PUFA, particularly linoleic acid (C18∶2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (C20∶4 n-6) in GTT may be beneficial to glucose metabolism in pregnant women.


Background: After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), 35%-45% of patients suffer disease relapse, resulting in dismal outcomes. Several strategies have been adopted to prolong disease-free intervals. Hypomethylating agents (HMA) seem to have a range of properties favorable to post-allo-SCT maintenance. They mediate a direct anti-leukemic effect in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), regardless of their molecular mutation profile. Moreover, their abilities to induce a CD8+ tumor-specific T cell response, together with the expansion of regulatory T cells, leads to an epigenetically enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effect that is not counterbalanced by an increased risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
 Materials and Methods: Two investigators independently searched the Embase and MEDLINE databases for relevant studies published from inception to 31 January 2021. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the studies had to be either randomized controlled trials or cohort studies; (2) the patients underwent allo-SCT for AML or MDS; (3) the studies compared 2 patient groups: one receiving HMA maintenance post-allo-SCT, and the other being an observational group; and (4) the studies needed to report at least one of our primary outcomes of interest; overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), grade II-IV acute GVHD, and chronic GVHD.
 Results: Eleven eligible studies compared HMA maintenance to observation following allo-SCT for AML or MDS. The OS of the HMA maintenance group was superior to the observation group, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.52 (95% CI, 1.60-3.94; I 2, 51%; Figure 1A). Similarly, a pooled meta-analysis found that the RFS was significantly better for patients receiving HMA maintenance, with a pooled OR of 2.64 (95% CI, 1.79-3.90; I 2, 0%; Figure 1B). Moreover, the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was significantly lower in patients who received HMAs. The HMA group also had lower non-relapse mortality (NRM) compared with the observation group. Overall, the incidences of grade II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD did not differ in both groups. However, when looking specifically at those receiving decitabine maintenance, the rate of chronic GVHD seemed to be lower compared with observation alone.
 Conclusions: The current systematic review and meta-analysis illustrated that AML and MDS patients receiving HMA maintenance after allo-SCT had better outcomes in regards to OS, RFS, NRM, CIR as well as a reduced incidence of chronic GVHD.
 Figure 1. Forest plots of the meta-analysis of HMA maintenance compared with observation. (A) OS rate. (B) RFS rate.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.