SUMMARY Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional crop of north-western Macedonia, Greece, where two landraces (plaki Prespas and Chrisoupoli) in particular are grown. The aim of this study was to test whether the grain carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and ash content (ASH) are related to grain yield (GY), protein content (PC) and mean grain weight (MGW) in dry bean. As a part of a honeycomb selection programme, 21 genotypes (19 lines derived via intra-landrace honeycomb selection for single plant yield at low density plus the two original populations) were grown at two densities, 1·2 and 4·8 plants/m2 under non-limiting water conditions in a glasshouse and in the field. Genotypes differed significantly for Δ, ASH and PC under the low density. In the dense stand, genotypes differed significantly only for ASH and PC. The environment (glasshouse or field conditions) affected all the traits significantly. Neither Δ nor ASH showed strong or consistent relationships with GY and thus, they cannot serve as reliable, indirect selection criteria for GY. Strong, negative relationships between Δ and PC were found especially in the dense stand, confirming analogous results in C3 cereals. Inconsistent genotypic ranking for grain physiological traits under the different densities and environments was indicative of large genotype×environment interaction. Genotypes performed consistently for GY and MGW under both densities, showing the strong stability of these traits.


We describe work conducted to calibrate and then validate the geometry of ENVISAT ASAR products. A systematic error in range location was observed in ASAR products during the commissioning phase. A careful and complete analysis has been performed to establish the precise error. It has been compensated by updating the range gate bias (or sampling window start time bias). Validation of the absolute location accuracy of most ASAR products was performed subsequently. The location of surveyed targets is predicted using the satellite state vectors and ancillary timing information via the range and Doppler equations. The prediction's accuracy is affected by instrument bias, ionospheric and atmospheric path delay, as well as target survey errors. Transponders are in addition subject to internal delay uncertainty. The positions of the strong transponder and corner reflector targets in the images are measured to sub-sample accuracy by employing large oversampling factors. Initial and residual bias determinations were made using image acquisitions covering transponders and corner reflectors in the Netherlands, Canada, and Switzerland. Using a large number of independent targets helps reduce the influence of their independent survey errors. The highest resolution slant range single look complex (SLC) products (IMS, APS) were mainly used for testing. In addition, absolute location error was also measured on selected ground range products (IMP, APP, IMM, APM, WSM). Some ground range products also require treatment of multiple slant/ground range polynomials proper handling is validated. For all test cases processed with precise orbits to date, the residual bias in the slant range direction has been smaller than the size of a single range sample. Predictability of target image location within ASAR image products is very high better than experience with ERS-1/2, JERS-1, and RADARSAT-1. This result is encouraging, as it opens possibilities for ground control point (GCP) free terrain-geocoding and simplified interferometric processing.


In order to solve the problem that transfer matrix in axisymmetric dynamic problem of single soil layer overlaid on elastic half-space is ill-conditioned,the error analysis method is presented.The disposal method for integrand is discussed in three conditions;then the disposal method for the inverse-Hankel transformation and the inverse-Laplace transformation is briefly introduced.Based on these,the method how to decrease the error is presented.The analysis result is verified through the degenerating model.The result indicates that the method presented can effectively decrease error.All this work can provide idea for solve the problem that transfer matrix in axisymmetric dynamic problem of layered elastic half space.


(a) (b) (c) When particles with different material properties are segregated by size or density they often have a subtle feedback on the local mobility of the granu-lar material, which can significantly modify the bulk flow. Perhaps the most striking example of this segregation-mobility feedback occurs in geophysical mass flows, such as debris-flows, dense pyroclastic avalanches and snow avalanches. Larger rougher particles commonly segregate to the surface, where the velocity is greatest, and are transported to the flow front where they accumulate. These bouldery margins experience much greater frictional resistance to motion than the flow interior, which can lead to the spontaneous development of stationary coarse grained lateral levees (figure 1a), that channelize the finer more mobile interior and significantly enhance the overall run-out distance [4]. Other examples include fingering instabilities [5], the emergence of petal-like patterns [2, 6] in rotating drums (figure 1b) and alternating stratified bands [1] in heaps (figure 1c). Despite their apparent complexity, mathematical models for these flows are now achievable by using a simple theory for particle size segregation [e.g. 1, 3] to couple the evolving particle size distribution to the mobility of the bulk flow. We propose to investigate the dynamics of these complex systems using a combined approach of theory, numerical computation and experiment. recirculation and deposition of coarse particles near two-dimensional avalanche fronts.


We consider a linguistically diversifled society that has to select a set of languages to be used for o‐cial purposes. We examine the notions of language disenfranchisement and linguistic standardization that is created when one or more languages fail to be included in the list of the o‐cial ones. For the analysis of our quantitative disenfranchisement indices, we use the Dyen percentage cognate matrix of linguistic distances between languages. We then apply survey and population data on language proflciency in the European Union before and after its latest enlargement in May 2004.


From the translator's perspective multitextuality is one of the major challenges of video games localization. The translator needs to cope with texts spanning from the most standard, such as error messages, to the most creative, for example poems. Although every game is unique, it is possible to observe some commonalities with respect to textual genres and text types in video games. Various text types play diverse functions, their content is outstandingly multifarious and they include both standard and creative style and terminology. All of this leads to an assertion that they call for different translation approaches: a standard approach, a creative approach or a mixed approach.


Sm3+ doped YAG glass ceramics containing single phase of YAG micro-crystals have been obtained by heat-treating the aluminosilicate precursor glasses. The YAG crystals grow with several preferred orientations and a dominant one (444) in the matrix, and present microcrystal sizes in the range of 3~15µm. The pilotaxitic texture existed in internal network of the YAG glass ceramics can increase yield strength and tensile strength of the sample effectively. Typical visible transition emissions of Sm3+ have been observed in the YAG glass ceramics under the excitation of short-wavelength visible light, and the spectral intensity ratio between the electric dipole 4G5/2→6H9/2 and the magnetic dipole 4G5/2→6H5/2 transitions is lower than the values reported in the optical glasses specifying the enhanced symmetric nature in the Sm3+ doped YAG glass ceramics. The obvious Stark splitting exhibited in emission spectrum manifests that rare-earth ions have been incorporated into YAG lattices.


We investigate the strong coupling region of the topologica l sector of the two-dimensional φ4 theory. Using discrete light cone quantization (DLCQ), we extract t he masses of the lowest few excitations and observe level crossings. To understand this phenomena, we e valuate the expectation value of the integral of the normal orderedφ2 operator and we extract the number density of constituents i n these states. A coherent state variational calculation confirms that the number dens ity for low-lying states above the transition coupling is dominantly that of a kink-antikink-kink state. The Fourier transform of the form factor of the lowest excitation is extracted which reveals a structure close to a kink-antikink-kink profile. Thus, we demonstrate that the structure of the lowest excitations becomes that of kink-antikink-kink configuration at moderately strong coupling. We extract the critical coupling for the tr ansition of the lowest state from that of a kink to a kink-antikink-kink. We interpret the transition as evi dence for the onset of kink condensation which is believed to be the physical mechanism for the symmetry resto ring phase transition in two-dimensional φ4 theory. ∗Electronic address: firstname.lastname@example.com †Electronic address: email@example.com ‡Electronic address: firstname.lastname@example.com


As an aspect of the Islamic faith in its own right, Sufism (taṣawwuf) emphasizes the importance of intuitive knowledge or gnosis (maʿrifa) as a means of directly 'tasting' (dhawq) divine reality. Given its largely ineffable experiential and cognitive environment and its controversial substance, knowledge of the Sufi Path was handed down only from master to initiate. Indeed, occasional public disclosures, most famously al-Hallaj's cry 'anā al-ḥaqq!' were often met with censure and even execution. Still others have sought to approach mysticism from the standpoint of philosophy (e.g. Ibn Sina) or theology (e.g. al-Ghazali). As Peripatetic philosophy declined in the Arab world and shifted to Latin Europe, two somewhat parallel trends began taking its place: Suhrawardi's philosophy of Illumination (Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq) and Ibn ʿArabi's speculative theosophy. Yet only with the latter did the first explicit and systematic formulation of Islam's esoteric aspect come into being. This article focuses on the central theme of Ibn ʿArabi's ontology – variously known as unity of Being, unity of Existence, or Oneness of Existence –


A process flow device that includes a self-averaging orifice plate type of primary flow element (2) for measuring, by a differential pressure process, the volumetric rate of fluid flow at a point in a fluid carrying conduit (8) where the velocity profile (7) of the fluid is asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the conduit. The improved flow element comprises a planar flow- impeding plate (2) disposed transversely across the interior of the conduit (8) and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof. The plate includes at least three circular apertures (22) eccentrically disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of the conduit to create static pressure averaging on the downstream side of the plate. Upstream and downstream static pressure sensing ports are respectively provided on opposite sides of the flow impeding plate.


In 2016, we conducted a two-part analysis of the effects of hospital acquisitions on costs and quality of care. Our research, which included both structured interviews and econometric analysis, found that hospital acquisitions generate substantial benefits. In structured interviews, the leaders of approximately 20 hospital systems identified several mechanisms through which acquisitions reduce costs, including by increasing hospitals' scale and reducing their cost of capital. Hospital leaders also noted substantial benefits in clinical quality attributable to standardization of clinical protocols and investments to upgrade services at acquired hospitals. These benefits were confirmed in our econometric analysis of hospital costs, revenues, and indicators of quality: annual operating expenses of acquired hospitals were reduced below those of comparable non-acquired hospitals and were accompanied by a commensurate decline in revenue, both of which were statistically significant. Modest improvements in outcome measures of quality were also observed, although these improvements were generally statistically insignificant.


This introductory essay outlines the key themes of the special issue on the long-term impact of autocracies on the political attitudes and behavior of their subjects. Here, we highlight several important areas of theoretical and empirical refinements, which can provide a more nuanced picture of the process through which authoritarian attitudinal legacies emerge and persist. First, we define the nature of attitudinal legacies and their driving mechanisms, developing a framework of competing socialization. Second, we use the competing socialization framework to explain two potential sources of heterogeneity in attitudinal and behavioral legacies: varieties of institutional features of authoritarian regimes, which affect the nature of regime socialization efforts; and variations across different subgroups of (post-)authoritarian citizens, which reflect the nature and strength of alternative socialization efforts. This new framework can help us to better understand contradictory findings in this emerging literature as well as set a new agenda for future research.


A computer model to aid in the analysis of pipeline gathering system operations has been developed. The model simulates the actual daily operation of the gathering system, on a task by task basis, taking into account terrain, climate, and facility breakdowns. The model can be used to project operating requirements for new systems or analyze problems in existing systems. 9 refs.


In the previous paper, it was shown that the acoustic excitation of a plane diffusion flame enhances the periodicity and intensity of organized-eddy-controlled combustion. The main objective in this paper is, thus, to examine phase characteristics of the excited eddy flames with high periodicity. A computer-aided phase-locked averaging method is employed to obtain graphical 2D contour maps of the instantaneous profiles of temperature and CH emission. Both maps of eight consecutive phases indicate clearly not only the periodic behavior of the organized eddy flame, but also the gas dynamic properties peculiar to those flames with coherent structure. The profiles of local contribution of the sound field to the combustion process are also examined by calculating the 2D distribution of the local Rayleigh index. The latter shows that the organized eddy flames have high sensitivity to sound, and play an important role in a sound-flame interaction.


Detection of disease‐defining gene fusions in sarcoma has led to refining their classification, as well as to discover several new entities. The advent of anchored multiplex PCR/targeted RNA next‐generation sequencing (AMP/RNA‐seq) has allowed for the development of scalable platforms that can simultaneously examine multiple fusion transcripts without prior knowledge of specific fusion partners.In this study, we assess the utility of a FusionPlex sarcoma panel analysis by AMP/RNA‐seq to detect disease‐defining gene fusions in 16 cases of undifferentiated round cell sarcoma in which prior diagnostic work‐up could not establish a definitive diagnosis. The clinical and pathologic features of these cases were correlated with the molecular findings. Validation of the method using 41 cases with known diagnoses showed analytic sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. Of the 16 cases of undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, gene fusions were found in 9 (56%). These included three cases with CIC‐DUX4 fusion, two cases with BCOR‐CCNB3, and four single cases with CIC‐NUTM2A, HEY1‐NCOA2, EWSR1‐NFATC2, and NUT‐MGA1 fusions. Overall, despite some degree of morphologic overlap, all fusion‐positive cases had distinct morphologic features, which can be helpful for their histologic classification. We also describe the first adult case of MGA‐NUTM1 fusion sarcoma, as well as cartilaginous differentiation in a BCOR‐CCNB3 fusion sarcoma, which has not been previously reported. Our study demonstrated that FusionPlex sarcoma panel analysis, in the appropriate morphologic context, is a sensitive and precise ancillary method for the detection of disease‐defining gene fusions in undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, aiding in their definitive classification.


From the wind structure,the hot-water system,the heating system and the air-condition system of solar energy it introduces the application technique of solar energy in ecological housing,represents the application of hot water plate and photovoltaic generate electricity of solar energy in ecological housing,incarnates the design conception of human centered of ecological architecture,so as to build the healthy and comfortable indoor environment.


How variations in Earth's orbit pace the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary are probably one of the greatest mysteries of modern climate science. These changes in the forcing are too small to explain the observed climate variations as simple linear responses. Consequently, to strictly apply the Milankovitch's theory, a mediator involving positive feedbacks must be found, endowing the climate response with a resonant feature. This mediation should help explain the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) by involving orbital variations as the only external forcing, contrary to the current theory that supposes the coevolution of climate, ice sheets, and carbon cycle over the past 3 million years. Supported by both observational and theoretical considerations, recent work shows that long-period Rossby waves winding around subtropical ocean gyres meet the requirements of the sought mediator. Propagating cyclonically around the subtropical gyres, the so-called Gyral Rossby waves (GRWs) owe their origin to the gradient β of the Coriolis parameter relative to the mean radius of the gyres. The resulting modulated western boundary current, whose velocity is added to that of the steady anticyclonic wind-driven current, accelerates/decelerates according to the phase of GRWs. This amplifies the oscillation of the thermocline because of a positive feedback loop ensuing from the temperature gradient between the high and low latitudes of the gyres. Multi-frequency GRWs overlap, behaving as coupled oscillators with inertia resonantly forced by solar and orbital cycles in subharmonic modes. So, the efficiency of forcing increases considerably as the forcing period approaches a natural period of the GRWs. Taking advantage of (1) the alkenone paleothermometer in sediment cores sampled in the Tasman Sea floor, we show that, in the same way as during the MPT, but with periods 10 times longer, a transition occurred at the hinge of Pliocene-Pleistocene. Both transitions as well as the observed adjustment of the South Pacific gyre to the resonance conditions during the MPT are explained from orbital forcing alone—(2) data set of individual Globigerinoides ruberδO 18 spanning the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum from sediment core in the eastern equatorial Pacific, we show how the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity is modulated according to subharmonic modes. Periods of warming induce a decrease in ENSO activity while periods of cooling induce an increase.


Propagation of the earthquake motion towards the ground surface alters both the acceleration and frequency content of the motion. Acceleration time record and Fourier amplitude spectrum of the motion reveal changes in the acceleration and frequency content. However, Fourier amplitude spectrum fails to give frequency-time variation. Wavelet transform overcomes this difficulty. In the present study, site response analysis of a liquefiable soil domain has been investigated employing wavelet transform. Three earthquake motions with distinct predominant frequencies are considered. It is revealed that the moment soil undergoes initial liquefaction, it causes a spike in the acceleration time history. Frequency of the spikes is found to be greater than the predominant frequency of the acceleration-time history recorded at the ground surface from the analysis. Interestingly, the spikes belong to the sharp tips of the shear stress-shear strain curve. Immediately after the spike, acceleration deamplification is observed. Post-liquefaction deamplification (filtering) of the frequency components is also observed.


The uses and abuses of the Internet are discussed in some detail. Hilary Clinton is quoted saying that the US is committed to help promote Internet freedom. The top ten uses of the Internet (a subjective list) is enumerated. The list of abuses includes the Democratic Convention hacking in 2016, that of a French broadcasting corporation, and threatening emails in the UK to political opponents. Fraud and blackmail are widespread. Cybercrime is mentioned in a more general context and the statistic showing that in the year 2018 about 91,000 cybercrimes were committed in the UK is given. Techniques of encryption are described. Censorship of the Internet in Russia is reviewed.


Significance Plaque forms in low and disturbed flow regions of the vasculature, where platelets adhere and endothelial cells are "primed" to respond to cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α) with elevated levels of cell adhesion molecules via the NF-κB signaling pathway. We show that the splice factor polypyrimidine tract binding protein (Ptbp1; purple) mediates priming. Ptbp1 is induced in endothelial cells by platelet recruitment, promoting priming and subsequent myeloid cell infiltration into plaque. Mechanistically, Ptbp1 regulates splicing of genes (e.g., Ripk1) involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway and is required for efficient nuclear translocation of NF-κB in endothelial cells. This provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying an endothelial priming process that reinforces vascular inflammation.


: The synthesis of the Bitcoin currency, the history of cryptocurrency and Bitcoin, the Cyberpunk movement, the primitives of cryptocurrency technologies, impossibility duplicate


The calculation of a power system's response to harmonics by transient network analyzers (TNA), hand calculations, field measurements, digital simulation, and modeling is described. An example of a pulp and paper electrical system is used to demonstrate the steps and computational requirements to perform harmonic analysis. Application of capacitors and filters based on the components rating, with reference to the harmonic standard, is discussed.<<ETX>>


Personal protection against infectious or toxic aerosols is a growing area of concern among many different occupational groups. Selection of appropriate respiratory protection should be based upon the level of risk present and the degree of protection afforded by the different types of protective masks available. In this study we have determined the relative protection factors for various commercial and military respiratory protective devices when challenged with a polydispersed submicron to micron sized particulate aerosol.


The article is devoted to the analysis of axiological understanding of dialectal vocabulary. The most significant presents the values on the example of lexemes, positively and negatively characterizing the external and internal qualities of the person dialects Tobolo-Artisia. Analysis of the evaluation system of values reveals the organization of the personality, the depth and complexity of human nature Siberian.


In 1993, archaeologists discovered 703 entire and 27 broken pieces of bamboo slips (350-300 BC) with 12,072 Chinese characters from No. 1 tomb in Guodian, Hubei, China, named "the Bamboo slips of Guodian". The content of these bamboo slips concern with 16 topics such as "Lao Zi", "Taiyishengshui", "Zhiyi", "Wixing", "Zundeyi" and "Liude". In the manuscripts, there is no subject on it and be added recently by experts according to the content. These bamboo slips have attracted large amount of people to research it. The Chinese character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" is shown frequently in the follows: slip 11 of "Lao Zi, part A", slip 6 of "Lao Zi, part B", slip 11 of "Lao Zi, part C", slip 18 of "Zhiyi", slip 38 of "Xingzimingchu", slip 41 of "Liude", slip 40 and 50 of "Yu Cong II" and slip 59 of "Yu Cong Ⅲ". However, the definitions and translations of the character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)"are still controversies. In this article, we have three conclusions. First, the character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" is not originated from oracle bone inscriptions characters "(The particular notation is abbreviated)", "(The particular notation is abbreviated)"and "(The particular notation is abbreviated)". Second, the character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" can not be translated as modem character "逹". Since the characters "(The particular notation is abbreviated)", "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" and "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" can be translated as the modem character "逹" in the Bamboo slips of Gaudian". Finally, the character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)" should be translated as"(The particular notation is abbreviated)" in these manuscripts. In addition, the pronunciation of the character "失" is the same as the modem character "(The particular notation is abbreviated)". The evidences can be found in "Lao Zi", "Li Ji, vol. Zhiyi", "Zhiyi" and "Cao mei zhi chenn" in "Chu bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum" etc.


Long-range interactions exhibit surprising features which have been less explored so far. Here, studying a one-dimensional fermionic chain with long-range hopping and pairing, we discuss some general features associated to the presence of long-range entanglement. In particular, aer determining the algebraic decays of the correlation functions, we prove that a long-range quantum mutual information exists if the exponent of the decay is not larger than one. Moreover, we show that the time evolution following from a quench between short-range and long-range regions, can be characterized by accidental dynamical quantum phase transitions. In conclusion, we discuss some topological features of the quantum phase, shedding light on the presence of zero Majorana fermions and the decay of their wave-functions, and the relation between the Kibble-Zurek mechanism and the divergence of a topological length scale at the topological quantum critical point.


Today's price sensitive commercial millimeter wave markets demand products with optimal performance at low cost. This paper reviews the elements used in the design and construction of millimeter wave microelectronic components and sub-systems for commercial applications. Emphasis is placed on design for automated manufacture.


An F2 population derived from Oryza sativa L. cv Tainung 67 (TNG 67) and the Oryza sativa L. Basmati 370 (B 370) was developed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain quality related traits. The genetic linkage map generated for the population consisted of 103 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, in which covered 1938 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 18.8 cM between markers. QTLs controlling the 26 traits were identified by interval analysis with a threshold LOD of ≧ 3.0 and significant level of P ≦ 0.001. Thirty seven QTLs identified in this study were distributed on eleven chromosomes, in which included nine QTLs for "cooking and eating quality" related traits, eight QTLs for "grain size and shape" related traits, and twenty QTLs for "morphological and yield components" related traits.


The interaction between mineral and microorganism is one of the most important ecological processes in soil system.The first step of microorganism-mineral interactions is the initial adhesion of microbes or biomolecules to soil minerals.As a physicochemical process,the initial adhesion was controlled by Lifshitz van der waals,electrostatic and hydrophobic forces,hydrogen bonding,as well as steric effect.The activities of microorganisms and extracellular biomolecules may subsequently be influenced after the attachments of microbial cells onto mineral surfaces.The effect of minerals on the activity of microorganisms or biomolecules may be positive,negative or neutral.This paper presents some recent advances on the interaction mechanisms of microbes with minerals especially the initial adhesion models such as surface free energy thermodynamics,DLVO theory,adsorption isotherms and surface complexation.The authors focus mainly on the interfacial and adhesion forces for the interaction between these inorganic and alive soil components.The environmental significances of these interactions are also discussed.Some modern molecular techniques such as atomic force microscopy(AFM),extended x-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) and microcalorimetry,which are powerful tools for probing biophysicochemical interactions between soil microorganisms and soil particles,are highlighted.A brief outlook is given on future studies that are needed in this intersect field.


It is examined the research performance of Tianjin Agricultural University using the numbers of articles appearing in journals and the numbers of citations by Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E) form 2001 to 2012. The results show that the number of science papers and cited frequency of Tianjin Agricultural University since 2001 have increased year by year, and there is a strong influence in fisheries, biology, agriculture, food, veterinary sciences. Tianjin Agricultural University should further improve the quality and quantity of the publications and strengthen the international communication and the cooperation in the related academic fields.


Filter banks with good reconfigurability are desired in hearing aid systems due to the individual requirements of patients with different hearing loss characteristics. This paper proposes a modularized design approach of a completely reconfigurable nonuniform filter bank for hearing aid systems. The proposed filter bank structure consists of a multiband generation module and a subband extraction module, where the frequency warping technique is adopted. Based on theoretical analyses of second order frequency warping, the subband distribution can be flexibly controlled. Moreover, to adapt the subband extraction module design to the multiband generation module, the relationship between control parameters is analyzed and a mapping formula is derived. Through the co-design of the two modules, superior reconfigurability over existing methods is achieved. Application examples show that the proposed filter bank is able to provide multiple subbands distribution schemes that satisfy the requirements of different audiograms. The proposed filter bank structure has lower complexity, smaller delay and smaller matching errors than existing filter bank structures due to its flexible structure.


supposition of its specific creation in this way at the first, on the plan of destroying two of the four at the birth, and giving one of the remainder a diminished chance for existence, is an utterly bewildering conception. I know not what quadrupeds or other animals there may be upon Guadalupe Island, of which this bur may have taken advantage for dissemination. I presume there are, or have been, such animals upon the island. But even if there are none, the hypothesis of the development of this bur under natural selection will not thereby be negatived. For although we know of this plant only there, we are not bound to suppose that it originated on this small island. The island is now used as a breeding-place for Angora goats. As they come to be distributed upon the adjacent main-land, we may expect that the little Harpagonella will take advantage of the offered means of transport, and compete with its relatives already established there.


Morphometric and meristic characteristics of a rare hybrid between the Adriatic roach. Rutilus rubilio, and the bleak, Alburnus alburnus, discovered in Lake Mikri Prespa, north-western Greece are described. Axis 1 and 2 of a discriminant analysis using all morphometric and meristic features explains 99.5% of the total variability of the hybrid and both its parents. No back-crossing is detected in the discriminant analysis: all hybrids found are F1 fish. Age and length of the hybrid and its parents were measured; the best-fit growth model is the logistic curve. Growth of the hybrid is faster than that of the Adriatic roach and slightly faster than that of the bleak: this indicates heterosis. Problems in the systematics of genera of European cyprinids are discussed.


At PAN2013 we decided to focus entirely on Text Alignment subtask. Following our previous experience at PAN2012 and CLINSS2012, we decided to put together the approaches we used in previous year to face the new challenges of PAN2013. This year competition added new way of plagiarism obfuscation via text summarization. This particular feature required represents a wide variety of typical cases of plagiarism in the wild and thus attracted our scientific interest. At this year PAN we put forward two main goals: 1) to develop a unified approach that will allow us to merge results obtained by different analysis methods and then run a unified clusterization algorithm to tackle the problem of granularity and produce clean clusters of suspected plagiarism 2) develop a new method of detecting summarization within the suspected documents. As a starting point at PAN 2013 we utilized the prototype application we developed for PAN 2012 and another application developed for FIRE 2012 (CLINSS task). Two basic approaches are fingerprinting via 5gramm hashes with variable step as our main method and sliding window TFIDF weighting score for similarity detection of pre-processed summarization via custom text summarizer. Euclidian distance based clusterization with additional custom filters method was used as our cluster merging technique. During the training stage we used the PAN 2012\PAN2013 provided data and performance measures scripts incorporated with genetic algorithm for best parameter tuning and overall performance. Hardware used (training\ development): 6-core Intel i7990Ex with 6GB RAM PC, Vertex3 SSD. Software used: Windows 7 x64, Visual Studio 2010, .net framework, C#, vb.net. We obtained the 6th overall score at PAN2013 with final p-det 0,6152.


Abstract : A detailed account is given of the mathematical models and analytical methods employed to obtain the results described in Volume 1 of this series.


This paper proposes results of studying modified rate adaptation protocol based on RRAP. It is considered for cases of concurrent flows transmission over computer network with shared bottleneck. The range of the bestvalues of case method parameter values are proposed


Early experiments towards automating the production of study guides in MOOCs are sketched. The creation of relevant index keywords from video closed caption files is outlined, as well as the automated detection of coherent topic clusters from those keywords.


Two kinds of phenol formaldehyde epoxy resins made in China were characterized by Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption lonization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). The information of their degree of polymerization was obtained,and the molecular structures of different degree of polymerization components were suggested.Some polymer of chloromehtyl oxirane itself were found in these epoxy resins.


Aminoglycosides (AGs) are often used in combination with -lactam antibiotics for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections. Traditionally, AGs have been dosed multiple times a day. Over the past decade, extended-interval dosing has been evaluated as a method of improving the efficacy and safety of AGs. Extended-interval aminoglycoside dosing (EIAD) generally consists of administering the total daily dose as one dose, usually every 24 hours. EIAD optimizes drug efficacy without compromising safety. This article reviews the rationale for EIAD, as well as safety and efficacy of EIAD in pediatric patients.


In order to abate fatigue fracture at roots of the first or the second hackle thread of bolt used for hydraulic press ,law of stress and load distribution in bolt threads suffered the axial forces were researched by using nonlinear finite element method.It was found that Peak equivalent stress in roots near axial force are abviously greater than these far away axial force when nut threads are in elastic range,but almost are equial to stress in roots far away axial force when 70% nut threads are in plastic region.Nut thread cutting to the fisrt two teeth can improve stress distribution in a bolt ,but these improvement recede quickly as plastic rigions of nut threads extend.


Novice programmers face significant barriers when they cannot learn face-to-face with a teacher or with peer support in a physical computer laboratory. Online collaborative programming environments (virtual computing laboratories) enable an overview of multiple students programming at the same time, with tutors able to interact with and support individual students or groups in real-time.


We found some years ago an unknow non‒coding RNA fragment in mononuclear cells designated Heg lnc RNA (European Nucleotide Archive: EU137727.1).1,2 Heg RNA was located to chromosome 1, antisense to and overlaps a larger part of exon 7 from Nucks mRNA. Nucks (nuclear ubiquitous casein kinase and cyclin‒dependent substrate) plays a major role in the regulation of transcription and is a substrate for Cdk1. Heg and other RNA products were quantified by RT‒PCR‒HPLC.1 The mean concentration of Heg lnc RNA in normal subjects were 0.15±0.01 amol/μg of DNA.2 Surprisingly we found that Heg lnc RNA was close and negatively correlated with concentrations of TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) in patients with untreated Graves disease. We also study Cdk1 and CK2 mRNAs (homo sapiens casein kinase I and II), which both are members of the cyclin‒ dependent kinase cascade. Cdk1 is important for cell division and differentiation.3 Cdk1 was positively correlated with concentrations of TRAb, but only provided Heg was included in the analysis. We did not find other RNA fragments, which correlated with TRAb. The interaction between Heg lnc RNA and Cdk1 mRNA explained a large and high significant part of the variation in TRAb. It is easy to understand why Cdk1, which regulates cell cycle, correlates with TRAb. The mechanism of action for Heg, on the other hand, is not known. Heg may reflect effects of Nucks, but there was no correlation between Nucks and TRAb. Gene expression in mononuclear cells after incubation for 20 hours led to the expected increase in GCR and NF‒kB mRNAs, whereas Heg, Nucks mRNA and Cd14 mRNA were only slightly changed. A general inhibition of gene expression reduced the concentration of both Nucks mRNA and Heg significant.


A key problem in the deployment of sensor networks is that of determining the location of each sensor such that subsequent data gathered can be registered. We would also like the network to provide localization for mobile entities, allowing them to navigate and explore the environment. In this paper, we present a thorough evaluation of our algorithm for localizing and mapping the mobile and stationary nodes in sparsely connected sensor networks using range-only measurements and odometry from the mobile node. Our approach utilizes an extended Kalman filter (EKF) in polar space allowing us to model the non-linearity within the range-only measurements using Gaussian distributions. Utilizing the motion information from a mobile node, we show additional improvements to the static network localization solution. In addition to this centralized filtering technique, an asynchronous and decentralized approach is investigated and experimentally proven. This decentralized filtering technique distributes the computation across all nodes in the network, leveraging their numbers for improved efficiency. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using simulated and real-world experiments in challenging environments with limited network connectivity. Our results reveal that our proposed method offers good accuracy in these challenging environments even when little to no prior information is available. Additionally, it is shown that by initializing the network map with a static network solution, the network mapping with a mobile node can be further improved.


The Ru-Fe(x) catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-fluorescence(XRF),N2 physisorption and transimission electron microscopy(TEM).The results showed that the promoter Fe existed as Fe3O4 in the catalysts.The Fe3O4 alone could not improve the selectivity to cyclohexene of Ru catalyst.However,the Fe3O4 on the surface could react with the reaction modifier ZnSO4 to form the(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)x(x=1 or 3) salt.The chemisorbed(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO4)(H2O)x(x=1 or 3) salt played a key role in improving the selectivity to cyclohexene.Besides,the performance of the Ru-Fe(0.47) catalyst was closely related to the concentration of Zn2+ and the pH values of the slurry.The Ru-Fe(0.47) catalyst not only gave a cyclohexene yield of 56.7% in the presence of 0.61 mol/L ZnSO4,but has a good stability and an excellent reusability.The reaction modifier FeSO4 also could enhance the selectivity to cyclohexene of the Ru-Fe(0.47) catalyst since the chemisorbed Fe2+ could not be reduce to the metallic Fe on Ru surface.The Ru-Fe(0.47) catalyst exhibited the similar performance in 0.29 mol/L and 0.61 mol/L of FeSO4 solutions due to the similar amounts of the chemisorbed Fe2+.The Ru-Fe(0.47) catalyst showed the lower selectivity to cyclohexene in 0.29 mol/L and 0.61 mol/L of MnSO4 solutions than that in the same concentrations of ZnSO4 for the different natures of Fe2+ and Zn2+.


Location filter and numeric filter were proposed to eliminate the overlapping of wavelength range among various orders in the spectrophotometric system with grating and multichannel detector,both of which are satisfied with the rapid detecting and analysis.Location filter is a hardware method of removing irradiance from non-detected orders by inserting a special design filter(which has different filter properties in different areas) in the optical path.However,numeric filter is a software method for removing irradiance from non-detected orders,which is based on determination of the intensity ratio between non-detected and detected dispersion orders and subsequently using ratio values to correct the spectrum in overlapping wavelength range.The spectra in the 400~570 nm region of holmium oxide solution were carefully measured and compared by use of these two methods,with the results showing that they both can effectively solve the problem of wavelength range overlapping among various orders in grating dispersion.


The conformational properties of α,α‐dialkylated amino acid residues possessing acyclic (diethylglycine, Deg: di‐n‐propylglycine, Dpg; di‐n‐butylglycine, Dbg) and cyclic (1‐amino‐cycloalkane‐1‐carboxylic acid, Acnc) side chains have been compared in solution. The five peptides studied by nmr and CD spectroscopy are Boc‐Ala‐Xxx‐Ala‐OMe, where Xxx = Deg(I). Dpg (II), Dbg (III), Ac6c (IV), and Ac7c (V). Delineation of solvent‐shielded NH groups have been achieved by solvent and temperature dependence of NH chemical shifts in CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO and by paramagnetic radical induced line broadening in pepiide III. In the Dxg peptides the order of solvent exposure of NH groups is Ala(1) > Ala(3) > Dxg(2), whereas in the Acnc peptides the order of solvent exposure of NH groups is Ala(1) > Acnc(2) > Ala(3). The nmr results suggest that Acnc peptides adopt folded β‐turn conformations with Ala(1) and Acnc(2) occupying i + 1 and i + 2 positions. In contrast, the Dxg peptides favor extended C5 conformations. The conformational differences in the two series are clearly borne out in CD studies. The solution conformations of peptides I‐III are distinctly different from the β‐turn structure observed in crystals. Low temperature nmr spectra recorded immediately after dissolution of crystals of peptide II provide evidence for a structural transition. Introduction of an additional hydrogen‐bonding function in Boc‐Ala‐Dpg‐Ala‐NHMe (VI) results in a stabilization of a consecutive β‐turn or incipient 310‐helix in solution. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This study considers the problem of separation of oil-water emulsion in the case of oil spills. The standard methods of separation of the emulsion were presented. A unit with U-shaped separation elements has been developed. The device's operating principle was described, in which the separation of the oil-water emulsion occurs mainly due to the action of centrifugal forces arising from flow motion between the U-shaped elements and gravitational forces. The laboratory setup used for experiments was presented. The aim was to study the separation process of oil-water emulsion in a setup under varying initial temperature and initial density of the emulsion. The results showed that the device can separate the oil-water emulsion into light and heavy phases with an efficiency of at least 93.4% at a velocity of 1.39–2.15 m/s in narrow sections between the U-shaped elements. One way of improving the separation of the oil-water emulsion is to increase the working temperature. It was found that the increased efficiency of 2.5% indicates that device applicability caused the presence and availability of heating devices. As the crude oil content in the feed increases, it is necessary to increase the number of rows of U-shaped elements or repeat the process.


The Dawvn of Reason, or lMental Traits in the Lower Animals. By JAMES WEIR, M. D. New York, The Macmillan Co. Pp. xiii234. Price, $1.25. Dr. Weir has evidently been a close observer of animal life for many years, and his zeal has given him wider opportunities for useful observation than most amateurs and many professional naturalists have had. His book contains the more important of his own original observations of the intelligent activities of animals, some interesting verifications of the results gained by other observers, and his opinions about the nature of animal consciousness. Everything is purposely put in as simple lan-


This paper reviews 2D and 3D photonic integrated circuits and their applications in computing, networking, and signal processing. Various novel fabrication techniques leading to realization of chip-scale microsystems, and future prospects will also be discussed. OCIS codes: (130.0130) Integrated Optics; (250.0250) Optoelectronics


An auto‐stereoscopic back projection display using a RGB multi‐emitter laser illumination source and micro‐optics to provide a wider view is described. The laser optical properties and the speckle due to the optical system configuration and its diffusers are characterised.


_______________________________ Fl Introduction-__________________________________ 1 Acknowledgments ____________________________ 2 Sample sources ____________________________________ 2 Lower Geyser Basin _____________________________ 2 Yellowstone Canyon ______________________ 2 Madison River system _______________________ 3 Sampling methods _________________________________ 4 Analytical methods ________________________________ 4 Results _____________________________________ 5 Data reliability _______________________ 5 Pure analytical error_______________________ 5 Sampling errors _________________________ 6 Results—Continued Statistical definitions ___________________— F7 Octopus and Azure Springs________________—_ 7 Oxidation and diffusion processes ____—-____ ——— 7 Precipitation reaction __________________ 10 Unnamed sulfide-bearing springs in Yellowstone Canyon — 11 Madison River system ___________________— 14 Sorption controls on arsenic in geothermal waters _ ___ 15 Arsenic flux of the Madison River_ ———————— —— ——— 17 Potential ecological significance of arsenic ____________ 17 Conclusions ______________________________ 18 References cited ________________________— 18


The moment method technique was used to determine the radiation from a multilayer board in the frequency range 30-200 MHz. A portion of clock trace, board ground plane and reflecting plane were modelled using several straight round wires which formed a radiating structure. The equivalent wire radius was obtained from the cross-section of the square traces. The clock pulse information was entered into the computer program in which the frequency spectrum was determined. The amplitude of each spectrum represented the peak voltage source fed into the radiating structure. Comparisons between the measured and calculated data indicated that the moment method technique can provide an excellent prediction, provided that the input impedances of the chip are known at every frequency.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to evaluate the development of changes on high-resolution CT (HRCT) associated with chronic pulmonary rejection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Repeated HRCT examinations were performed 140 times on 13 consecutive lung transplant recipients during a mean observation period of 26 months. The postoperative time interval to the first detection of each chronic change on CT was calculated and compared with the onset of chronic rejection. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) or the histologic diagnosis of obliterative bronchiolitis was assessed by the published criteria of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.

RESULTS
BOS developed in eight patients, on an average, within 11.6 (+/-5.0) months. Histologic diagnosis was available from five patients. On HRCT, among the first identifiable chronic changes were volume contraction, decreased peripheral vascular and bronchial markings, and thickening of septal lines, all of which appeared between 7 (+/-5.0) and 11 (+/-6.8) months postoperatively. The mean interval for appearance of bronchodilatation was 12.5 (+/-8.7) months. Hyperlucency and mosaic phenomenon were identified, on an average, 16 (+/-6.3) and 21 (+/-7.3) months after transplantation.

CONCLUSION
On radiologic monitoring of lung recipients with HRCT, in addition to bronchodilatation. a special attention should be paid to the early chronic changes, including diminution of peripheral bronchovascular markings, thickening of septal lines, and volume reduction, which usually precede the establishment of the diagnosis of chronic rejection, whereas hyperlucency and mosaic phenomenon usually appear during more advanced BOS.


This article emphasizes the illusion of an American society most people believe functions as an accommodating entity whereby all citizens are provided the spaces to live free and achieve. Based on Dr. Kablawi's experience, however, freedom demands the conformity that provides freedom. This American reality transforms some Muslims into perpetual prisoners of society. The following narrative illustrates how purpose can be discovered in a surveilled existence. What is offered is not some idiosyncratic rant against America or an invocation about the superiority of one religion over another. Rather, the purpose is to highlight the structural impediments that make being Muslim a struggle in world. This story is told in the first person but speaks to a much broader reality.


Diaporthe (Phomopsis) is a genus of fungus that has often been reported as a plant pathogen and rarely described as infectious in humans. This is the first case report of Diaporthe eres causing any infection in man as well as the second documented case of septic arthritis caused by Clostridium bifermentans. A 12-year-old male with no significant past medical history suffered a penetrating injury to his knee with a thorny stick 2-days prior to presentation while playing in the backyard. The pain and swelling gradually increased until he couldn't bear …


The association constants for Sr(N03)2 have been determined in 10, 30 and SO% glycerol-H20 mixtures at 2S, 30, 3S and 40° using conductometric technique. The data have been analysed by the Fuoss and Edelson method. Only the constants for the ion-pair of SrNO! (KA) have been studied. KA tends to increase in the order: 10% < 30% <SO% glycerol-HlO, while it decreases ~ith temperature. Ther modynamic parameters Mr, .6.G 0 and /IS' for the ion-pair formation are obtained and discussed. Also, Walden products (AoT)) are reported. The effect of solvent on the association processes of SrNO) is discusssed in terms of calion and anion solvations.


The paper considers the application of mathematical methods in the problems of territorial design on the example of designing the development of oil fields. The application of the method of sequential calculations for solving problems of location, the method of constructing networks for various purposes, algorithms for tracing communications in a heterogeneous territory, and the use of the approximation-combinatorial method for multi-extremal problems are considered.


We propose and implement a robust text detection system, which is a prominent step-in for text retrieval in natural scene images or videos. Our system includes several key components: (1) A fast and effective pruning algorithm is designed to extract Maximally Stable Extremal Regions as character candidates using the strategy of minimizing regularized variations. (2) Character candidates are grouped into text candidates by the single-link clustering algorithm, where distance weights and threshold of clustering are learned automatically by a novel self-training distance metric learning algorithm. (3) The posterior probabilities of text candidates corresponding to non-text are estimated with an character classifier; text candidates with high probabilities are then eliminated and finally texts are identified with a text classifier. The proposed system is evaluated on the ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition dataset and a publicly available multilingual dataset; the f measures are over 76% and 74% which are significantly better than the state-of-the-art performances of 71% and 65%, respectively.


Abstract The present study aimed to compare a sample of screening mammography attenders with a sample of non-attenders, in terms of knowledge about breast cancer and mammography, health beliefs and personality variables, and identify factors associated with attendance. The sample consisted of 58 women; 29 had attended the National Breast Screening Programme and 29 had declined an invitation to attend. Assessment was made by use of anonymous questionnaire. Significant differences were found between the two groups in use of focusing and venting on emotions as a health-related coping style, knowledge about breast cancer and knowledge about mammography. The most powerful predictor of attendance was knowledge about mammography. Results are discussed predominantly in relation to provision of emotional-related and fact-related information.


1. In germination and early growth, conspicuous difference was not recognized among these three cyclic wave numbers of Ultrasonic Waves. 2. As for germination itself (both average day number for germination and germination percentage), very promotive result was not obtained in the experimented conditions. 3. As for early growth, its result was now promotively and now suppressively depending on the stimulus intensity of Ultrasonic Waves. Promotive result was generally obtained by radiating for the short time (one minute of five) Ultrasonic Waves upon the seeds soaked in water and then contained in watered vessels. In this case it is easy to be mistaken that germination itself has been promoted. On the contrary early growth was suppressed in the case when intensive stimulus (for instance ten minutes of more radiation) was given. 4. More than five minutes seemed to have no meaning on the effect of Ultrasonic Waves on experimented farm crops in germination and early growth. 5. Clear qualitative difference was not recognized between treatment plot and control on outer morphological characters of experimented samples especially young seedlings except the quantitative one on the plant height, the root volume and soforth.


Monthly averages of the sunspot number visible on the sun, observed from 1749, Zurich Observatory, and from 1848 other observatories, have been analyzed. This time signal presents a frequency power spectra with a clear 1/fα behavior with α≃0.8±0.2. The well-known cycle of approximately 11 years, clearly present in the spectrum, does not produce a sensible distortion of that behavior. The eventual characterization of the sunspot time series as a fractal is analyzed by means of the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The jump-size distribution of the signal is also studied.


Тhe object is a complex of public relations arising in the sphere of realization of national interests through an appropriate legal mechanism. The subject of the research are: legal norms and scientific approaches, legal categories of the theory of national interests, official documents (strategies, concepts, contracts, programs, projects, etc.) and law enforcement, including judicial, practice.


The Global Microscope assesses the regulatory environment for financial inclusion across 12 indicators and 55 countries. The Microscope was originally developed for countries in the Latin American and Caribbean regions in 2007 and was expanded into a global study in 2009. Most of the
research for this report, which included interviews and desk analysis, was
conducted between April and August 2016. This work was supported by funding from the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF), a member of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group; the Center for Financial Inclusion at Accion, and the MetLife Foundation.


The regulation of sovereign financing is a highly topical and significant issue, in the light of continuing global financial turmoil. This book assesses the role of international law in sovereign financing, addressing this issue from both legal and economic standpoints. It takes as a starting point the recent report 'Principles on Responsible Sovereign Lending and Borrowing' by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). This report was endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in its December 2011 Resolution on Debt, which emphasized the need for creditors and debtors to share responsibility for preventing unsustainable debt situations and encouraged all stakeholders to pursue the ongoing discussions within the framework of the UNCTAD Initiative. Investigating the legal and economic basis for the principles which were articulated in the report, the book develops a detailed and nuanced analysis of the controversial and complex issues they raise, including those concerning finance and credit rating agencies, contingent liabilities, debt management, corruption, fiduciary relations and duties, Collective Action Clauses, and the role of the EU and UN. Ultimately, it argues that the principles elaborated in the report correspond with general principles of international law, which provide a strong, pre-existing foundation upon which to build responsible principles for sovereign financing. Contributors to this volume - Manuel Monjas Barroso, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Armin von Bogdandy, Director at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Antonis Bredimas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Lee Buccheit, Partner, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP Anna Gelpern, American University, Washington College of Law Matthias Goldmann, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Anastasios Gourgourini, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mitu Gulati, Duke University Xiuli Han, Xiamen University Robert Howse, New York University Meibo Huang, Xiamen University Juan Bautista Justo, Universidad Nacional del Comahue Fernando Gallardo Olmedo, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Jose Oyola, INTOSAI-International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions Ugo Panizza, Chief of the Debt And Finance Analysis Unit, UNCTAD; Professor of Economics, Graduate Institute, Geneva Georges Pavlidis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Kunibert Raffer, University of Vienna Carmen Mendoza Resco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Marie Sudreau, Sovereign Debt Associate, UNCTAD Ignacio Tirado, Legal Counsel, World Bank; Senior Lecturer of Corporate and Insolvency Law at Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Michael Waibel, University of Cambridge Mark C. Weidemaier, University of North Carolina


In this paper, we propose hybrid GaN-FDSOI Front-End-Modules (FEMs) combined with lens-based mmWave antenna modules for energy-efficient multi-beamforming systems. X-topology Lattice-based balanced (LB) and unbalanced (LU) differential switches are designed and fabricated using FDSOI platforms for building scalable multi-beamforming FEMs. Unified mmWave and Baseband correlation technologies based on energy density and EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) metrics are introduced for low complexity (leveraging sparsity of MIMO channels) cost-effective multi-beamforming systems. Combination of convolutional accelerators with analog signal processing for linking beam-selection algorithms to stochastic-wave-shaping (SWS) will create new paradigms for eliminating the concept of "elements" in arrays and replacing it by the vision of "radiating current flows" over a textured surface (metasurface or metavolume). The radiating metasurfaces or metavolumes which can be conformal to the patterned optical lenses are fed by a limited number of emitting/receiving points. The use of time-modulated correlation functions will foster new system architectures with critical functionalities including direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and secure communications.


This study attempted to determine if foreign affiliates located in the U.S. differed from their domestic counterparts on four corporate citizenship dimensions. Differences were found in decision-ma...


With the increased focus on optimizing procurement processes, different procurement concepts have been developed. However, for these concepts no widely accepted best practice solutions exist. Furthermore, customers often impose specific conditions on suppliers. Thus implementations of these concepts are always different. Consequently suppliers cannot provide standardized services (e.g. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Just-in-time or Just-in-sequence) to their customers, but have to be able to flexibly adapt these services to additional requirements. To address this, we developed an adaptable framework that includes all basic processes of these different procurement concepts, but furthermore being usable for individual distinctions. Therefore the supplier can provide services in a very flexible way by constructing them from the basic process steps. If these steps are supported by information and communications technology (ICT), further implementation decisions have to be made. To enable suppliers and customers to create an integrated model that reflects the process as well as the ICT level, we developed a business process modeling approach.


Objective: To predict the effect of Glucostricosteroid(GC) on the prognosis of children acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) by using Dexamethasone induction test. Methods: The dynamic changes of the blast cells in the peripheral blood were monitored before and 7days after Dexamethesone treatment.Then,all children received the same intensive combination chemotherapy protocols. Results: Of 52 children,40(77%)belonged to Dexamethasone good responder(DGR) groop including 6 in high risk and 34 in low risk.Of 40 DGRS 29(72.5%)remained in continuous complete remission(CCR) and three of them((7.5%))relapsed.While 12/52 children(23%) were Dexamethasone poor responders(DPR) with 5 children relapse(42%) and 3 still in CCR(25%).Bone marrow were examined on the 15 and 28 days after treatment,M_1,M_2,M_3 states were reached on 15 days after treatment in DPR with 58.3%,25% and 16.7% respectively.While in DGR group,95% and 5% children achieved M_1 and M_2 status respectively on 15 days with no one in M_3 status.DPR group was slower in reaching CR than DGR group. Conclusion: Glucostricosteroid treatment for children with acute lymphobaltic leukemia was effective.


ABSTRACTAre granite inselbergs, low domes and platforms, erosional remnants, or are they the exposed margins of stocks or batholiths? Examples of the second type are cited from various parts of the world, but they are comparatively few in number. Evidence and argument are adduced to suggest that most of the forms are the stumps of once higher masses. Inselbergs characteristically occur in multicyclic landscapes. Some inselbergs show evidence of phased exposure and are in that sense multicyclic forms. Remnants of roof-rock are not preserved in most inselberg landscapes, which do not conform morphologically to the shape of the rooves of igneous emplacements.


Advanced computer programs used for structural analysis and design have become widely used, however, classical and easy-to-use tools, such as design charts and tables, are still preferable by students, who need simple tools instead of sophisticated and time-consuming programs. These tools help students electronically retrieve section properties-related information and use this information in the design of structural members. It is, therefore, clear that design charts, tables, and section properties should be made electronically available to engineering students. In this study, Microsoft Visual Basic, a widely-used and easy-to-use programming language, was used to develop a system that provides students with the ability to create powerful forms that can be used for different steel sections and their properties. The system was developed to produce steel section properties provided in the AISC and CISC Manuals of Steel Construction and needed in the design charts. This paper describes how the system was developed and presents some realworld examples to illustrate its ease-of-use and powerful capabilities over current practices. Comments and recommendations pertaining to future developments in the field are then presented in the conclusions.


Objectives The role of the novel adipokines, omentin-1 and chemerin, in coronary artery disease is still obscure. The present study analyzed the serum levels of omentin-1 and chemerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as well as prospectively 6 months post-AMI. Methods Seventy-eight patients (63 men and 15 women) with first AMI were enrolled. Thirty-two age-matched and sex-matched individuals without overt cardiovascular disease served as healthy controls. Serum levels of omentin-1, chemerin, interleukin-18 (IL-18), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), glycemic and lipid profiles, blood pressure, BMI and ejection fraction were assayed. In AMI patients, blood samples were obtained at hospital admission and after 6 months, whereas coronary angiography was performed within 7 days after admission. Results At baseline, AMI group appeared with significantly lower ejection fraction, omentin-1 and high-density lipoprotein serum levels, whereas it had higher concentrations of white blood cells count (WBC), hsCRP, IL-18 and chemerin compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the concentrations of WBC, hsCRP and IL-18 significantly downregulated, whereas omentin-1 levels considerably increased (from 18.73 ± 3.66ng/ml to 28.62 ± 5.61 ng/ml, P < 0.001) within AMI group. In contrast, serum chemerin did not significantly change (263.37 ± 73.32ng/ml vs. 195.90 ± 84.32 ng/ml, P = 0.190). In standard multiple regression analyses, baseline levels and changes of hsCRP and IL-18 levels during follow-up remained independent determinants of omentin-1, respectively at baseline and after follow-up. Conclusion Patients with AMI showed at admission lower omentin-1 and higher chemerin serum levels compared with healthy controls. The suppression of inflammation in the 6-month post-AMI period might have mediated the significant upregulation of omentin-1, implicating a novel target of treatment.


A neural network model has been developed to discriminate the frequency signatures inherent to ultrasonic microstructure scattering signals consisting of multiple irresolvable echoes of random amplitude and arrival time. A practical method which is called the grain power spectrum neural network (GPSNN) has been studied. This model is also compared with two other neural network models, called grain autocorrelation neural network (GACNN) and the grain amplitude neural network (GANN). The materials tested for grain size discrimination were three steel blocks type 1018 (two blocks were heat-treated at 1600 and 2000 degrees Fahrenheit for 4 hours) with grain sizes of 14 microns (ASTM No. 9), 24 microns (ASTM No. 7) and 50 microns (ASTM No. 5). Experimental grain signals were obtained using a broadband transducer with a 5 MHz center frequency and the measurements were made in the Rayleigh scattering region. A set of 2565 training sequences was utilized to train the neural network. A new set of 855 testing sequences was acquired to test the GPSNN, GACNN and GANN performance. Overall, GPSNN and GACNN achieved an average recognition performance of 94% and 90% respectively. This high level of recognition suggests that the GPSNN is a promising method for ultrasonic nondestructive testing and grain size estimation. In contrast, GANN failed to sort the grain scattering signals and was able to correctly classify the signal only 50% of the time.


Iam grateful to Francesca Sborgi Lawson for her contribution to the flowering discussion about whether there really is a role for scientific empiricism in eth nomusicological thought and research, and also for sharing with me an earlier paper on acoustic ecology (Lawson 2007). In this current study, Lawson explores the interaction between aural paradigms and orthography in the genre of shulaibao and its descendent, kuaibarshu, in pre- and post-revolutionary China. In both articles, she pursues the goal of collaboration, perhaps even integration, of contemporary scientific research domains with approaches in humanistic studies such as historiography. She wishes to align with Becker's (2009) focus on "enabling" models and attitudes, Titon's (2009) hope for an integrationist and better-theorized applied ethnomusicology, and Bakan's (2008, 2009) appeal to a situationist-oriented approach to the empirical study of musical activity. One way Lawson signals this goal is her borrowing of E. O. Wilson's (1998:64–65) term consilience to signify a rapprochement between humanis tic and scientific modes of study. Wilson employed the term to mean "global synthesis," but in Lawson's discussion "areas of consilience" seems clearly to indicate something rather like "agreement" or "concord." This becomes the springboard for constructing a theoretical and partly empirical case for applying insights in social science, cognitive psychology, and evolution ary biology to the study of musical behavior. Perhaps a global synthesis of ethnomusicology and science is possible, or perhaps there are only limited areas of concord. The path is likely to be difficult and fraught with difficul ties, but I certainly believe it can be enlightening, and that we—scientists and humanists—can walk it together. Lawson singles out the work of Patel (2008), which offers us a detailed picture of the neural interconnectedness of language and music in the brain.


Objective To study the expression of angiopoietins in human brain gliomas and the relationship between the expression of angiopoietins and clinical pathologic parameters.Methods The expressions of Ang-1 and Ang-2 protein in samples from 42 human gliomas were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2 was found in both glioma cells and endothelium.The expression rates of Ang-1 and Ang-2 were 9.59%±3.48%和16.14%±9.81%.Ang-1 was not related with the patient′s sex,age,histological grade,brain edema grade,size of tumor(P0.05).Ang-2 was significantly related with histopathological grade and brain edema grade(P0.01),but was not related with sex,age and the size of tumors.Conclusion The results suggest that overexpression of Ang-2 is associated with histopathological grade and brain edema of tumors and might beused as one of the markers of malignant progression and poor prognosis in patients with glioma.


Introduction provides the only means of generating NADPH, and a lack of this enzyme renders the red cells vulnerable to oxidative Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is damage.1 an important inherited cause of hemolytic anemia. An G6PD deficiency, discovered over 30 years ago, is an Xestimated 200 million people across the globe have a linked hereditary deficiency of this red cell membrane deficiency of this enzyme in the red cell membrane.1 Nearly enzyme.1 Men who carry the gene show full expression, 400 different variants of the enzyme exist in different and women, who are heterozygous for the deficiency, have populations, leading to variations in the severity and two red cell populations—one that is normal and one that manifestations of hemolytic anemia. Drugs, infections, and is enzyme deficient. In fact, this variation in the expression ingestion of fava beans have all been shown to precipitate in a heterozygous female was one of the original basis hemolysis in such patients. The prevalence varies in different for the Lyon hypothesis of X-inactivation.3 Although the parts of the world, and, in Oman, the deficiency is extremely deficiency is expressed in most tissues, red cells are the common.2 most affected, probably because of their long lifespan. A A proper knowledge of G6PD deficiency is important to variety of other defects in different tissues have been a dermatologist practising in an endemic area, as many described in these patients, including impaired leukocyte drugs, such as dapsone, commonly used in routine dermatofunction.4 logy practice, can precipitate hemolysis in such patients. Over 400 variants of the enzyme have been described. This article reviews the problem, in the light of our These variants differ in their structure, biochemical properexperience in the management of Omani patients with ties, electrophoretic mobility, enzyme activity, nature of G6PD deficiency. genetic defect, and clinical significance. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of these variants, depending on the enzyme activity and clinical significance, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase—the is shown in Table 1, with some important and commonly enzyme prevalent variants as examples. G6PD is an enzyme of red cell membranes whose function Of these, the first category of enzyme variants (class 1) is to reduce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phoscan cause nonspherocytic hereditary hemolytic anemia even phate(NADP) to the reduced form of NADP (NADPH), in the absence of any stress factors, such as viral and while oxidizing G6P in the pentose phosphate pathway. bacterial infections, drugs, or ingestion of fava beans.1 The Thus, it provides a source of reducing power that maintains enzyme activity is so poor that the red cell lifespan is sulfhydryl groups, thereby aiding in the detoxification of shortened even in the absence of stress. The second category of enzyme variants leads to oxidative free radicals. As red cells lack the citric acid cycle, G6PD 730


This paper analyses market competition between two different types of credit card platforms: not-for-profit associations and proprietary systems. The main focus is on the role of the interchange fee set by not-for-profit platforms. We show that when the interchange fee is set so as to maximise the sum of issuers' and acquirers' profits, the equilibrium values of platforms' profits, of the sum of the fees charged by each platform and their market shares are independent of the competitive conditions within the not-for-profit platform and are affected by the strength of inter-platform competition. We also show that the imposition of a ban on the setting of the interchange fee has ambiguous effects on the profit of the proprietary system.


This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi ' . This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi ' is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i), by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i) and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr). Because experts know the nash purposes , while researchers and scientists (al-khubara`) know the reality (al-waqi ' ), the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect) and challenges (tahaddiyat). The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi ' emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic . At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to d eveloped , for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi ' . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi ' comes from theory about the functions of nash , al-manath theory in Islamic law , and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.


NTSC-A simulation control logic is developed to simulate Compression Refrigerating Plant, which can simulate power controlling、refrigerating、refrigeration plants operation、defrosting、malfunction alarm、cryogen reclaim、refrigeration plant security guard controlling. The function can satisfy the demand of training.


Environmental policymaking has remained an important issue in American public policy for many years. While many individuals have proenvironmental attitudes, they remain unwilling to take the actions necessary to achieve environmental goals. Many variables have been used to explain support for environmental policymaking. This study looks at the effect of uncertainty about environmental quality, perception of risk from environmental hazards, and trust in government and university scientists on willingness to take environmental action. The study examines the impact of these three variables on two environmental issues—tap water and nuclear power. The data were collected from a national sample of 400 individuals. This article presents the results of this research and examines the complex relationships among risks, trust, uncertainty, and willingness to take environmental action. The conclusions improve our understanding of environmental attitudes as well as have practical implications for policymakers who need to build public support for policies designed to improve the environment.


Clinical trials typically have dual primary outcomes, one focused on efficacy and one on safety. Potential and actual harm from interventions is, however, insufficiently documented in reports of clinical trials, particularly in those assessing psychological treatments. This may not be surprising given that mandates covering adverse events (AEs) reporting for regulatory agencies, e.g., US Food and Drug Administration, are compulsory for biomedical trials, but equivalent requirements do not exist for psychological trials. In a systematic review concerning AE reporting in depression trials, only 1 of 9 psychotherapy trials reported any information on AEs, in contrast to over 90% of pharmacological studies. Within pain interventions specifically, inadequate reporting has been identified across all analgesic trials but were significantly lower for nonpharmacological trials compared with pharmacological trials. Importantly, inadequacies were found in reporting both the methodology for assessing AEs and the specific AEs that occurred. Although there is now more attention to the inadequate reporting of AEs, we know of no guidance on how to measure and report AEs in clinical trials of psychological interventions for chronic pain. Even existing reporting guidelines developed specifically for nonpharmacological trials such as the CONSORT nonpharmacological extension updated in 2017 does not address harms beyond the original CONSORT statement. Guidance does exist within psychotherapy research for defining harms related to psychotherapy. Important in these frameworks are definitions that account for the temporary discomfort that is often a necessary part of the process of psychological change. Indeed, some of the controversy in the field of psychotherapy pertains to a general attitude amongst psychologists that any assessment of perceived adverse feelings is not important because they are not ultimately "harmful." This may be due to perceptions that psychological treatments are safer than other treatments, and that attention to harms may diminish interest in potentially beneficial psychotherapies. In this review, we focus on the measurement of AEs in clinical trials of psychological interventions for chronic pain. First, we begin with a consideration of the problem, including definitions of harm, adversity, and why they are essential to measure in the context of clinical trials of psychological treatments for chronic pain. Second, we present empirical data on AEs from studies published in the past 10 years drawing from 3 recent Cochrane reviews of psychological treatments for chronic pain. Third, we propose a framework and recommendations for considering AEs specific to psychological interventions for chronic pain.


Abstract The science of geology began to thrive during the middle of the nineteenth century, with the expansion and consolidation of geological mapping of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, and the foundation of geological societies across the islands of Britain and Ireland. As the desire for geological knowledge and understanding among the general public grew, so did the provision of lectures and courses open to the public. These public lecture series proved popular with a wide cross-section of men and women of Victorian Britain and Ireland. This paper explores the provision of geological lectures by officers of the Geological Survey of Ireland through the Museum of Irish Industry in Dublin, and the women who took these courses during the 1850s and 1860s, and completed geological examinations for London's Science and Art Department in Dublin as a result of these lectures. It provides a glimpse into the scientific and, specifically, geological interests and activities of these women at a time when it was not possible for them to become members of the geological societies in the cities in which they lived.


This year's key developments will centre on online video, mobile apps and further moves towards distributed content. Mounting problems around online display advertising will lead to a burst of innovation around journalism business models.


The Atlantic Theater Company has been one of Off-Broadway's most successful theatre companies over the past twenty years, having won twelve Tony Awards, eight Lucille Lortel Awards, thirteen Obie Awards, and three Outer Critics Circle Awards. The company, originally founded in 1983 by the playwright David Mamet and the actor William H. Macy, has mounted over one hundred plays, many by new writers. Included among its successes are Martin McDonagh's The Lieutenant of Inishmore and The Beauty Queen of Leenane, Woody Allen's A Second Hand Memory and Writer's Block, the revival of David Mamet's American Buffalo, Celebration and The Room by Harold Pinter, Mojo and Night Heron by Jez Butterworth, and the new musical adaptation of Frank Wedekind's play Spring Awakening, which won the 2007 Tony for best new musical. But producing plays is only part of Atlantic's mission: it also runs the Atlantic Acting School, which operates both as a private conservatoire and an undergraduate training studio in conjunction with New York University. Its curriculum focuses on Practical Aesthetics, the acting technique developed by Mamet and Macy. Mary McCann, in conversation here with NTQ Contributing Editor Ian Watson, is a founding member of the Atlantic Theater Company and Director of the Atlantic Acting School, where she also teaches. She continues to act, having appeared in many of the company's productions, on Broadway, on television, and in several independent films. The conversation took place over two meetings at the Atlantic Acting School in New York City, on 25 April and 5 June 2007.


Theeffectsof serialtreatmentwithdoxorubicin ondynamicmyocardialscintig raphywith[w-I-131]heptadecanoic acid(1-131HA), andongloballeft-ventricular functiondeterminedechocardiographically, were studiedIn a groupof ninemon greldogs.Totalextractablemyocardiallipidwascomparedpostmortem between a groupof controldogsanddoxorubicin-treated dogs.A significant andthenpro gressivefall in global LV function was obServedat a cumulative doxorubicindose of 4 mg/kg. A significantincreasein the myocardialt112of the 1-131HA was ob servedonlyat a highercumulative dose,10mg/kg.Nosignificant alterationintotal extractablemyocardlallipidswasobservedbetweencontroldogsandthosetreat ed withdoxorubicin. Ourfindings suggest thatthe changesleadingto analteration of myocardialdynamicImagingwith1-131HAare notthe initiatingfactorin doxo rubicincardiotoxicity.


In this article, we have improved some unbiased ratio type estimators for estimating the finite population variance of the study variable. The proposed estimators are developed with the aid of the variance estimators given by Upadhyaya and Singh [8] and Kadilar and Cingi [1] in simple random sampling. We have derived the expressions of the variance of the proposed estimators. We have obtained the comparison conditions for which the variance values of the proposed estimators are smaller than MSE values of estimators given in Upadhyaya and Singh [8] and Kadilar and Cingi [1]. The real data set taken from the literature is used for the numerical comparisons.


Variation in site index (S.I.) of 4-13 year old Eucalyptus plantations have been discussed in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of soil of Tarai Central Forest Division. S.I. ranged from 15.2 to 25.8 metres at an index age of 8 years. S.I. was generally higher in Aquolls and Udolls of lower peidmonts ( Tarai ) where soil characteristics associated with excessive wetness were observed. However, high pH due to distribution of CaCO 3 throughout the profile affected site index adversely. Growth of Eucalyptus was the lowest in skeletal Haplustolls of upper peidmont ( Bhabar ) because of the presence of gravels and pebbles. Sandy texture of non-skeletal Haplustolls also seem to have lowered the S.I. in the transition zone between upper ( Bhabar ) and lower ( Tarai ) peidmonts. Roots were crinckled, twisted and bunchy in appearance indicating restricted distribution in skeletal soils.


A computer model has been used to simulate transillumination imaging of a sharp edge in the center of a hi hly scattenng object. It is shown that the width of tie edge-spread-function of an infinitely absorbin ed e increases with the migration time of %e soton in a non-linear fashion. Furthermore, the spread - function is offset with respect to the edge: the offset is linearly related to the migration time. The effect .is explained in terms of the non-linear nature of the imaging process.


The military requirement to remotely detect and identify objects under realistic battlefield conditions has motivated substantial interest in the region of the electro-magnetic spectrum between microwaves and infrared frequencies with primary focus on that region bounded by atmospheric "windows" between 100 and 1000 GHz.1 This region offers an attractive compromise between the high resolution capabilities of infrared radiation and the low loss propagation characteristics of microwaves. In terms of technology, this region of the spectrum represents a transitional zone between microwave technology and optical technology. This has resulted in a dichotomy of techniques applied to construct systems. On one hand we see devices and systems which utilize modal techniques; i.e., conventional hollow metallic waveguides, and on the other hand, we see devices and systems which utilize quasi-optical, ray techniques; i.e., lenses, beam splitters.


OBJECTIVE To explore the interference of sampling in automatic filtration in the determination of releasing degree of Nifedipine sustained release tablets(I).METHODS The releasing degree of Nifedipine sustained release tablets(I) was determined with the apparatus demanded in the second method of the determination of dissolution.The samples taken manually and automatically were filtrated respectively by screenfilter and automatic sampling device.RESULTS The result of percent recovery showed that automatic sampling device has adsorption to Nifedipine sustained release tablets(I).CONCLUSION The adsorption should be tested when automatic sampling device is used to determine dissolution and releasing degree for different drugs,or the results of determination might be affected.


This document contains complementary material of section 6 of the article "Marshall-Olkin Distributions, Subordinators, Efficient Simulation, and Applications to Credit Risk". In particular, we provide the time-inhomogeneous extensions of Theorems 4.1 and 4.2 of the main document. These results are given in Theorems A.1 and A.2 where Levy subordinators are replaced with additive subordinators. We also present additional extensions to the MO distribution which incorporate stochastic dynamics and extend the traditional default intensity factor model.

The paper, "Marshall-Olkin Distributions, Subordinators, Efficient Simulation, and Applications to Credit Risk" can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1702087.


Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR) initiated the Community-Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) project in 1981. The aim of this study was to translate the revised WHO-ILAR COPCORD questionnaire into Bengali and to test if the Bengali version could be reliably used for the identifying rheumatic diseases in Bangladeshi people. Methods: This was an observational study conducted in rheumatology wing, department of medicine, BSMMU from April to October, 2011. It was implemented in two stages: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaire and testing of questionnaire. For translation into Bengali and cross-cultural adaptation, the recommendation by Beaton's procedure was followed. Respondents were enrolled from rheumatology outpatient departments of medicine, BSMMU, household members and healthy patient's attendants. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS windows v16. Results: Thirty subjects completed the preliminary version of the questionnaire. Fifteen males (50%) and fifteen (50%) females were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents were 31.97±10.15 with age range 16-55 years. Test-retest reliability of the Bengali version of the questionnaire was tested by interviewing 70 subjects. To evaluate agreement between two measurement qualitative questions were analyzed using kappa test and quantitative question were tested by spearman's correlation. Most of the questions (88.2%) showed high or good agreement (kappa agreement >0.6) and one (5.88%) question showed moderate agreement (0.4-0.6). In case of quantitative questions responses in test and re-test were found to have 50% good correlation and remainder poor correlation in Spearman's correlation. Conclusions: Pretest and reliability has shown the questionnaire clear in wording and culturally appropriate. Process of translation and adaptation using Beaton's procedure was user friendly, comprehensive and appears an essential method for translation of the questionnaire.


Among the Asia-Pacific major cities, Hong Kong is peculiar because of its specific spatial matrix, institutional infrastructure, and governance strategy, which have made the global city-state represent the interesting urban experience behind its neoliberal city formation. There has been abundant works exploring the dilemma of urban governance in the post-97 Hong Kong. Unlike these works, the thesis attempts to provide an alternative approach based on Neo-Marxian political economy of space to illustrate the governance chaos criticized by the masses of the post-97 Hong Kong society. It especially focuses on the neoliberal urban crisis and the urban planning system and mega-projects taken by the Hong Kong government as the measures of crisis management. By means of reviewing the "positive non-interventionism" underpinned in the colonial era, the thesis indicates that the attitude of government is not the laissez-faire principle espoused by neoliberal economists but the mode of social regulation through selective state intervention to stabilize the dual track accumulation regime between the British capital-led commercial and the Chinese capital-led manufacturing sectors in the specific circumstances of postwar geopolitical economy. In the early days, the specific context of spatial economic governance helped the colonial state acquire the legitimacy through strategic selectivity and promoted Hong Kong to establish its prominent position of global city system in the post-1990 era of neoliberalism. After its sovereign return in 1997, Hong Kong Government attempts to maintain the colonial institutional advantage under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework. However, facing the multi-scalar socio-spatial dynamic from the outer and inner environments in the post-97 era, the mechanism of spatial strategic selectivity is "outdated" today because it has not been able to meet the needs from the divergent values of spatial production and complex game of scalar construction. Observing the emerging forces of spatial rescaling and related planning cases, the thesis argues that the spatial contestations behind these cases result from the outdated mechanism of spatial strategic selectivity, which can not only effectively mitigate the neoliberal urban crisis but exacerbate the chaos into the "crisis of crisis management".


Real ladies do not travel - or so it was once said. This new collection of women's travel writing dispels the notion by showing how there are few corners of the world that have not been visited by lady travellers. There are also few difficulties, physical or emotional, real or imagined, that have not been met and usually overcome by these same women. Jane Robinson's first book, "Wayward Women", was a guide to women travellers and their writing, and having read over a thousand of their books she is uniquely qualified to compile this anthology. Life is never dull for her intrepid women, whether diving to the bed of the Timor Sea or reaching the summit of Annapurna. From an encounter with a snake in the Amazon jungle to shipwreck and kidnap on the Barbary Coast, there are tales of adventure, derring-do, and great danger. There are also moving accounts of unimaginable hardship, including caring for a family in an ammunition cart during the siege of Delhi and a journey through Tibet that leaves its author childless and widowed. There is no such thing as a typical woman traveller - and there never has been - as this exhilarating anthology shows on a journey of its own through centuries of travel writing, aboard almost anything from a Bugatti to a Bath chair.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to gas compression system including inlet guide vanes unit. Said inlet guide vanes unit has multiple guide vanes to make a radial structure around central axis to revolve about axes orthogonal to central axis. Said inlet guide vanes unit has multiple vane shafts, each being connected with appropriate inlet guide vane to revolve therewith about appropriate orthogonal axis. Said inlet guide vanes unit has extra drive shaft connected directly with one of vane shafts to drive the latter and the other vane shafts. Besides, said inlet guide vanes unit has rotary actuator engaged with drive shaft to revolve it. EFFECT: decreased overall dimensions, simplified design. 11 cl, 13 dwg


In order to flatten a solid model into 2D surface,this paper puts forward the feature decomposition method, by which the surface of a solid model is decomposed into two feature surfaces, concave and convex faces. Computer graphics is used to animate the feature decomposition and flattening.


By THE TERMS of the Treaty of Ghent of December, 1814, the United States and Great Britain bound themselves to do all in their power to extinguish the African slave trade. In the 1830's England entered into agreements with the French for the mutual right of search within certain se.as which most of the major powers acceded. By the terms of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, Great Britain and the United States agreed to maintain joint squadrons off the west coast of Africa. By these measures the slave trade, so far as it was carried on under the flags of European nations, or for the supply of their colonies, ceased to exist. So it was that the more unscrupulous shipowners and masters including Americans as well as Englishmen, turned to a more lucrative source of profit the transportation of Chinese coolies to North America, the West Indies and South America. The Chinese had prohibited by Imperial decree their subjects from emigrating. But for "ages past Chinese had migrated for a season to the East Indies and Malaya," but this movement was voluntary as it continued to be to the United States. However, with western shipping abundent in South China "it now enabled the teeming population to go further afield" the result was the coolie traffic.1 The term coolie belonged to the tribe living near the Gulf of Cutch in Africa but as applied to the trade, it was merely a European title for the lowest class oflaborers in most Eastern countries. There seems to be no connection between the two names.2 There was a great demand for labor in Peru, Panama, Chile, Demarara, Cuba and other West Indian islands, and to a less extent California and Australia. In Peru, the Chinese were used to work the mines, the haciendas or plantations, factories, homes, railroads, and the guano beds. The worst place in South America were the Chinchas the islands of Hell a group of islands off the Peruvian coast, about a hundred miles south of Calloa. The attraction