Abstract Attendance of Renaissance festival (Faire), an event that recreates historic medieval living, is motivated by identification within a subculture and a strong sense of belonging, providing an interesting insight into the role of culture in influencing pro-sustainability consumption behaviors. This paper compares at home sustainable consumption practices with sustainable consumption travel behaviors within the Renaissance serious leisure community to determine the role social norms play in sustainable consumption behavior. Using a framework that compares normative (routines) and self-enhancing (habits) sustainability behaviors, evidence supports that demographics, specifically levels of education and gender, positively impact sustainable consumption behaviors, and that social norms positively affect Faire visitation. However, while Faire visitation does not affect normative behavior either at home nor while traveling, it does influence self-enhancing sustainability behavior negatively. Finally, social norms, mediated by Faire visitation, indirectly impact self-enhancing behavior both at home and when traveling. While the cultural ethos of festival communities could foster sustainable living more broadly, results suggest that Faire attendance seemed to undermine the likelihood of being sustainable elsewhere.


Abstract : The High Resolution Profiler (HRP) is one of the only oceanographic instruments that is capable of measuring turbulent velocity and temperature fluctuations in the abyssal ocean. It is a unique device, and consequently specialized communications, data conversion and analysis software are employed to examine the data it collects. This document describes a major upgrade of the software and hardware systems used to process data from the HRP. The bulk of the conversion occurred in 1996 prior to the Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment (BBTRE). During the upgrade process, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was designed and implemented for accomplishing routine HRP data processing tasks.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of xuezhitong capsule on chronic stable angina(CSA)due to obstruction of phlegm and stasis.Methods 68 cases of CSA due to obstruction of phlegm and stasis were collected.Random control principle was adopted.Randomization table was established by check-up method.68 numbers were produced by 68 numerical according to random sequence.The numbers were drawn in sequence with envelope codes closed.After envelops were opened,corresponding drugs were administered after group A and B divided.Group A is treatment group with xuezhitong capsule(33 cases)and group B is control group with isosorbide-5-nitrate tables(32 cases).Results Comprehensive evaluation was performed according to the improvements in angina,ECG and symptoms.The total effective rate of Chinese medicine syndrome was 90.90% in group A and was 87.50% in group B.The total effective rate of angina was 87.88% in group A and was 87.50% in group B.The total effective rate of ECG was 69.69% in group A and was 65.63% in group B.Significant difference did not present in the efficacy after treatment between two groups.The decrease of TCM syndrome integral in group A was superior to that in group B.Group A displayed a certain action on reducing serum TC and LDL.No apparent adverse reaction occurred during treatment.Conclusion Xuezhitong capsule is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina due to obstruction of phlegm and stasis.The capsule achieves equivalent efficacy as isosorbide-5-nitrate tablets.The capsule presents more improvements in general symptoms compared with control group and acts on blood lipid regulation.


The purpose of this study is to analyze whether engagement quality control review (EQCR) hours affect auditor changes and whether abnormal audit fees and changes in management have moderating effects on the relation between EQCR hours and auditor changes. The logit regression model is designed to investigate the relation between EQCR hours and auditor changes. The study finds evidence that EQCR hours are higher before auditors are changed. It also documents that abnormal audit fees weaken and that changes in management strengthen the positive relation between EQCR hours and auditor changes. In summary, high EQCR hours increase the probability of auditor changes, and the results imply that EQCR hours are a proxy for the audit risk perceived by auditors. This research is the first empirical study to test the relation between EQCR hours and auditor changes.


H E P U R P O S E of this paper is to bring into focus the kind of problems that are arising in sewage purification from the reception of trade effluent from modern industrial processes. The title was specially chosen to draw attention to the fact that since 1946 an industrial or scientific revolution has been taking place in this country, the like of which has never been known before in the history of the nation. It is difficult to define the effect that this industrial development is having on


Upper and lower bounds on the quantum mechanical direct second virial coefficient are derived from theorems of Golden, of Thompson, and of Feynman and Hibbs. These bounds severely limit the magnitude of quantum effects for some proposed helium potential models. The Frisch and Helfand theorem on maxima in the second virial coefficient is discussed.


Real-world application of volumetric medical image segmentation is still challenging due to the domain shift problem and the disability to process volumetric information efficiently by existing algorithms. To address these problems, we propose a 3D Swin Transformer with a pyramidal downsampling strategy to process volumetric information efficiently, dubbed as PDSwin. Specifically, the improved 3D Swin Transformer includes a spatial downsampling strategy that downsamples 2D slices pyramidally according to the spatial relationship, reducing the computation complexity while providing a wider downsampled receptive field. Furthermore, we propose a cluster-based domain-adversarial learning algorithm to attenuate the domain shift problem. The algorithm generates fine-grained cluster-based domains instead of employing center-based domains, ameliorating the domain-adversarial learning performance. We evaluated our model against other competitive models on brain stroke lesion segmentation and prostate segmentation tasks. Extensive experimental results indicated that our proposed model outperforms other models, demonstrating the efficacy of our proposed method.


Kathleen Fitzpatrick, born in 1967, teaches Media Studies in Pomona University (California), coordinator of the MediaCommons plattaform and one of the most remarkable Digital Humantties academic. His first book The Anxiety of Obsolescence (http://www.anxietyofobsolescence.com) reflects on some novelist technophilia as a mecanism to maintain his privilege status inside a media ecology increasingly comptetive. His next essay, Planned obsolecence (http://www.plannedobsolescence.net), extends his critics to the old humanities role and meditate about pressent and future of academic publications.


This research analyzes the shifting of management of God's Kingdom to focus on saving human resources in the economic site due to COVID-19. The old paradigm of management of God's Kingdom, which is to save human resources biblically, shifts to humans from the low economic condition. This study aims to redefine the shifting of management of God's Kingdom as the form of human resources development from the economic perspective. This study systematically presents the economy's condition due to COVID-19, the Church's response to it, and the redefinition of God's Kingdom management through the descriptive qualitative method. This research confirms the redefinition of management of God's Kingdom as the Church's response to help human resources. Finally, this research aims to give out some charity programs and skill training in saving human resources in responding to the economic downward due to COVID-19.


Backgound: Failure of tolerance is now proposed as the immune-biological paradigm underlying asthma. Previously, we showed that prolonging allergen ex- posure in sensitized mice lead to tolerance repair, as subsequential immunisations and exposures were unable to re-induce allergy (ERS 2005, 233s (A1593)). Here, we investigated the role of remodelling in tolerance repair. Methods: Sensitized mice were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) for different pe- riods, followed by re-immunisation and acute challenge with hen egg lysozyme (HEL), an unrelated allergen. Allergic airway inflammation and remodelling were assessed. Results: Mice challenged for 2 weeks (w) with OVA developed Th-2 airway disease without evidence for airway remodelling. Continued OVA exposures (8w) resulted in the disappearance of inflammation along with the emergence of re- modelling and fibronectin (FB) deposition (PBS: 3.1±0.2 vs OVA 5.6±0.4 μm2 FB/μm, p<0.05). Subsequential re-immunisation and acute challenge (1w) with HEL did not induce eosinophilic airway disease or HEL IgE, while FB deposition remained present. To elucidate the role of remodelling, we developed a rush protocol of tolerance repair by shortening the initial OVA exposures to only 2w before HEL immunisation and challenge. We show that in these mice, at a time point were no remodelling is detectable, tolerance was already largely repaired. The airway eosinophilia (PBS/HEL challenged: 48±10 vs OVA/HEL challenged 14±8%, p<0.05) and Th-2 cytokines (IL-13) were significantly suppressed. There were no arguments for a Th-1 driven counterbalancing mechanism. Conclusion: The immune system is capable of restoring its default tolerogenic bias in the absence of detectable airway remodelling.


The invention discloses a vibrational energy collecting device adopting a piezomagnetic/piezoelectric compound transduction structure. The device comprises a supporting mechanism, a piezomagnetic/piezoelectric compound magneto-electricity transducer, a permanent magnet magnetic circuit and an elastic mechanism; wherein, the piezomagnetic/piezoelectric compound magneto-electricity transducer is arranged in the space of the air gap field of the permanent magnet magnetic circuit; one of the piezomagnetic/piezoelectric compound magneto-electricity transducer and the permanent magnet magnetic circuit is elastically connected with the supporting mechanism by the elastic mechanism and can do reciprocating movement along with the mechanism while the other is fixed on the base of the supporting mechanism; namely, the piezomagnetic/piezoelectric compound magneto-electricity transducer is fixed on the base while the permanent magnet magnetic circuit is connected with the supporting mechanism by the elastic mechanism, or the piezomagnetic/piezoelectric compound magneto-electricity transducer is connected with the supporting mechanism by the elastic mechanism while the permanent magnet magnetic circuit is fixed on the base by non-permeability magnetic material. The invention has the beneficial effect that the invention provides a self-energized device which is applicable to weak vibration and has higher magnetoelectricity conversion efficiency.


In this paper main results are as follows: 2.3. Theorem. Suppose(L~X,η) is an L-fuzzy topological space and S={S(n) is a molecular net. Then the followings are equivalent (1) (L~X,η) is fuzzy ultracompact. (2) (L~X,ω_L(τ_L(η)) is N-compact. (3) If m(S)≥a then the support net suppS of S has a limit point in (X,τ_L(η) (4) If m(S)≥ then S has a transitive limit point with valuea. (5) If M(S)≥a then there is a subnet T of S such that m(T)≥a,having a transitive limit point with valuea. (6) If M(S)≥a then suppor net suppS of S has a closure point with (?)aluea. 3.7. Theorem. Suppose (L~X,η) is a Hausdorff N-compact space,Then the follwing are equivalent. (1) (L~X,η) is fuzzy ultracompact. (2) (L~X,η_f) is weakly induced. (3) (L~X,η_f) is strong Hausdorff space. 4.4.Theorem, suppose A is a subset in (L~X,η). Then A is N-compact iff A is strong fuzzy compact and the nonempty intersecation of A and A and arbitrary closed set is M-arrival.


The higher cost of starch, almost equal to that of cane sugar in International market, necessitates the search for other cheaper raw materials for the production of high fructose syrup at economic cost in countries like India. The direct utilization of cassava chips seems to offer advantages and hence its feasibility was investigated. The comparative economics showed that the gain in lower expenses on cassava chips as compared to cassava starch are completely upset by the higher capital investment on plant and machineries as well as higher expenses on activated carbon and steam. In addition, a number of operational difficulties were encountered with the use of cassava chips. Against the total capital investment of 597.940 and 436.240 US $ for production of 10 t high fructose syrup/d, the cost of production per kg works out to be US $ 0.51 and 0.46, respectively, based on cassava chips and cassava starch. The studies establish that the direct utilization of cassava chips for the production of high fructose syrup does not offer any economic advantage.


The article deals with the poetry of Seamus Heaney (b. 1939), the 20th century Irish poet, Nobel Prize laureate (1995). The poems of the 1960s – 1990s are analysed from the perspective of the main thematic lines, motifs and images as the means of reflection of the idea of national identity in Heaney's works. Three main thematic lines shown include: the historic past, everyday life and mythology and folklore. The motifs analysed are a bog motif, a digging motif, an environment motif, a loss and search motif, in particular, loss and search for the motherland, and others. The analysis reveals the priority of thematic lines, devoted to the historic past and everyday life, with mythology and folklore playing a secondary role in Heaney's poetry of the above-mentioned period.


Face recognition become one of the most important and fastest growing area during the last several years and become the most successful application of image analysis and broadly used in security system. It has been a challenging, interesting, and fast growing area in real time applications. The propose method is tested using a benchmark ORL database that contains 400 images of 40 persons. Pre-Processing technique are applied on the ORL database to increase the recognition rate. The best recognition rate is 97.5% when tested using 9 training images and 1 testing image. Increasing image database brightness is efficient and will increase the recognition rate. Resizing images using 0.3 scale is also efficient and will increase the recognition rate. PCA is used for feature extraction and dimension reduction. Euclidean distance is used for matching process.


This paper compares the LOTOS and Z reenement relations. The motivation for such a comparison is the use of multiple viewpoints for specifying complex systems deened by the reference model of the Open Distributed Processing (ODP) standardization initiative. The ODP architectural semantics describes the application of formal description techniques (FDTs) to the speciication of ODP systems. Of the available FDTs, Z is likely to be used for at least the information, and possibly other, viewpoints, whilst LOTOS is a strong candidate for use in the computational viewpoint. Mechanisms are clearly needed to support the parallel development, and integration of, viewpoints using these FDTs. We compare the LOTOS bisimulation relations and the reduction relations to the Z reenement relation showing that failure-traces reenement corresponds closely to reenement in Z.


Abstract We study the distribution of mid-infrared light in stellar structures in a large sample (∽ 400) of low-mass (Mstellar <109 MSun) galaxies. Our sample is selected from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G), which entails deep imaging of nearby galaxies with the IRAC instrument at 3.6/4.5 μ m. Based on the 2D decomposition of the 3.6μ m images, we find that the majority (∽65%) of galaxies in our sample is well-fit by a single disk profile. The rest of the sample is more adequately fit by a disk and an additional component (e.g., bar, nucleus, bulge, second disk component). Bars are present in ∽11% of the sample, marking a sharp drop in the bar fraction compared to that found for more massive galaxies. The typical contribution of bars to the 3.6 μ m light in dwarfs is ∽1-2%, lower than that found in more massive galaxies. These results bring a number of issues into question: why do low-mass galaxies have such low bar fraction? does the bar instability act differently in low-mass galaxies such that a smaller proportion of stellar mass is typically involved in the bar structure? Is the fact that dwarfs are more dark matter dominated playing a role?


By silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography methods,seven compounds were isolated from the stem of Dendrobium devonianum,and identified by physicochemical prorerties and spectral data as neoliquirtin(1),3,5-dihydroxyflavone-7-O-glucuronopyranoside(2),rutin(3),apigenin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(5),β-daucosterol(6),and β-sitosterol(7).All the compounds are reported in Dendrobium devonianum for the first time.


Abstract The monoclinic polymorph of Li2TiO3 (β-form) is known to be a relatively poor Li ion conductor. Up to now, no information is available on how the ion transport properties change when going from well-ordered crystalline Li2TiO3 to a structurally disordered form with the same chemical composition. Here, we used high-energy ball milling to prepare nanocrystalline, defect-rich Li2TiO3; ion dynamics have been studied via impedance spectroscopy. It turned out that ball milling offers the possibility to enhance long-range ion transport in the oxide by approximately 3 orders of magnitude. Its effect on the oxide ceramic is two-fold: besides the introduction of a large number of defects, the originally μm-sized crystallites are decreased to crystallites with a mean diameter of less than 50 nm. This process is accompanied by a mechanically induced phase transformation towards the α-form of Li2TiO3; besides that, a significant amount of amorphous materials is produced during milling. Structural disorder in nanocrystalline as well as amorphous Li2TiO3 is anticipated to play the capital role in governing Li ion dynamics of the sample finally obtained.


Ozone and electrochemical oxidation treatment technologies were evaluated for wastewater recycling in the textile industry. Textile wastewater was collected from eight textile mills that use different dying processes. Both ozone and electrochemical oxidation removed the color from wastewater containing acid, reactive, and natural dyes, while mixed results were achieved with pigment and disperse dyes. The variability in color removal for the pigment and disperse dyes may be related to the concentration and type of auxiliary chemicals used. Color criteria for reusing wastewater for reactive dye was determined to be ΔE⩽2 . This level of treatment provided an acceptable level of residual color for reuse in dark color dyeing operations and for rinse water. Some reformulation of the dye concentration and auxiliary chemicals is necessary for wastewater reuse in light color dyeing operations. Also, multiple reuse of the treated wastewater, as would occur in a completely closed system, would require changes in sal...


Peaceful and anonymous protests have broken out simultaneously in hundreds of cities and towns around Colombia. The main protagonists are young people of different origins and backgrounds who have decided to form the mouthpiece for the widespread malaise of a country ravaged by an immutable government that has distanced itself from democracy and created an unprecedented social, economic and political crisis. Although people initially took to the streets in reaction to a regressive tax reform, they have ended up identifying with the collective outcry regardless of their profession, class or ethnicity, demanding an end to violence, corruption, inequality, and a poverty that has been exacerbated by the pandemic. Faced with the magnitude of this mobilization of bodies and minds, it did not take the Colombian government long to demonstrate its authoritarian and repressive nature and, with particular viciousness, it attacked the young people of Cali, in Valle del Cauca department.


Chronology 1. "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down": Constructing Reconstruction History 2. Lincoln "Unmurdered": Reconstruction Alternatives and Counterfactuals 3. "Let's Make a Start": Women and Reconstruction 4. "Sunshine Headin' My Way": Memories of Reconstruction in Black and White 5. Wilkes & Kennedy, Inc.: War and the Destruction of the Old Order 6. "I Am Vengeful and I Shall Not Sleep": The Civil War and the Legacy of Violence during Reconstruction 7. "A Gallant Soldier and a Christian Gentleman": The Reconciliation of North and South 8. The Princess of the Moon: The Lost Cause and the Unfinished Civil War


A temperature sensor for a vehicle is provided to improve the response by grounding one side electrode surface of a ceramic device and by electrically connecting the other side electrode surface to a terminal. In a temperature sensor for a vehicle, a lower side electrode surface of a ceramic device(46) is directly fixed and bonded to a closed end portion(24) through a conductive adhesive layer and is grounded to a sensor body(20). An upper side electrode surface of the ceramic device is connected to a lower end connection section(38) of a terminal(42a) through an upper connection surface of a connection disc(50) having connection surfaces at upper and lower portions.


going surgical abortion (p = 0.42). Conclusions: There was no difference in the mean final costs between the two abortion methods. Complications of persistent bleeding and failure to abort (requiring surgical intervention) in the medical treatment group increased the final mean total cost substantially .


Matthias Rath, a doctor who promoted nutritional supplements to people with HIV in South Africa and argued that antiretroviral drugs were harmful, has dropped a year long libel case against the Guardian newspaper and been ordered to pay costs.

Dr Rath, a German born doctor who once worked in California on the possible therapeutic effects of micronutrients with the Nobel prize winner Linus Pauling and claimed to be his nominated successor, sued the newspaper over three articles written by Ben Goldacre in his column Bad Science.

In articles published in January and February last year, Dr Goldacre described Dr Rath (not the only promoter of unproved nutritional therapies in a South Africa where the government …


ABSTRACT Consumer decisions have always been influenced by others' opinions. The era of digital platforms, however, introduced a significant change: While in the past, consumers were likely to consult their social environment and credible literature, they nowadays rely on the views of other consumers they do not personally know via online review. Consequently, reliability of the reviews is no longer safeguarded by social coercion. This paper will explore how EU law has responded to this challenge. It will argue that while EU law prohibits a wide range of actions that harm reliability of online reviews, it is evidently failing to enforce consumer law judging from the scale of persistent violations. In response, the paper will suggest measures to minimise manipulation and scarcity of online reviews by primarily reducing the accountability deficit of online platforms. These tools could serve as an impulse during the ongoing legislative process of the Digital Services Act.


ODOT has on occasion employed the dimethyl sulfoxide accelerated weathering test (DMSO test) to identify the potential for degradation of aggregates under high-moisture environmental conditions. A laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the DMSO test to predict moisture-induced distress in asphalt concrete mixtures. Asphalt concrete specimens were fabricated using aggregates from three quarries. The specimens were conditioned using vacuum saturation and a series of five freeze/thaw cycles. The resilient modulus (M) was obtained before and after each conditioning cycle and the Index of Retained resilient modulus (IRM) was determined. The results indicate the DMSO test may be used to identify the potential for moisture-induced distress in asphalt concrete mixtures. However, no correlation was determined between the DMSO test results and the IRM or fatigue life test results. The strain and temperature dependencies of the M were determined for a dense-graded asphalt concrete mixture. It was concluded that constant stress testing may result in a misinterpretation of the IRM, and further, tests conducted within the currently accepted temperature range may result in a plus or minus 20% deviation in the IRM. In an accompanying analytical program, the effect of diametral test boundary conditions on the measured value of M was evaluated using two- and three-dimensional finite element models. The results indicate that the resilient modulus diametral test is adequately represented by elastic theory and an assumed plane stress condition.


The characteristics of mobile manipulator, which can perform various tasks in dynamic environments, have the advantage of driving and doing diverse tasks in large indoor environments with complex structures such as high-rise buildings. However, in order to efficiently navigate in such environments, mapping process containing information about diverse objects that robot can interact with is essential. Among these objects, door is of great importance, but door recognition is challenge because there are doors of various structures and sizes even in single indoor environment. This paper proposes an improvement of door recognition algorithm for mobile manipulator robot using RGB-D camera attached to end effector of manipulator and Lidar of mobile platform. Basically, laser scan data from Lidar is processed by line fitting algorithm and vision data from RGB-D camera is processed by YOLOv3. The process by laser scan data enables the first door recognition. And Additional recognition through vision data is possible by controlling the manipulator according to the weights given by the first recognition. The proposed algorithm has been verified in a simulation environment based on real-world, and we confirmed that it has a higher recognition success rate compared to traditional algorithms.


This article analyzes the implementation of certain principles of law-making policy in the Russian Federation. In particular, we consider principles such as the priority of human rights, scientific validity and predictability.


[Objective]To discuss the biological characteristics of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus casei. [Method]The antibacterial activity,thermal sensitivity,pH range,proteases sensitivity and surfactants of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus casei was analyzed. Firstly exclude the interference from organic acid and hydrogen peroxide,then oxford plate double-layer agar method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of cell-free fermentation supernatant. [Result]The results showed that bacteriocin had potent inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella serovars,Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes; it had good stability between the pH value 3. 0 to 5. 0; and it also had good stability against heat; Bacteriocin was inactive after treatment with trypsin,pepsin,indicating that the antibacterial component were protein; when EDTA was added,the antibacterial activity became significantly stronger. [Conclusion]The bacteriocin produced by L. casei was an antimicrobial protein with good thermal stability,acid stability and a broad antibacterial spectrum,the study can provide scientific basis for further application of it in preservation.


During the past four decades, some 15000 individual compounds and more than 35000 different formulations have come into use as pesticides [11]. Amongst these, insecticides constitute an important group, and organophosphorus (OP) compounds are possibly the insecticides most widely used in the world. OP compounds are anticholinesterase (anti-AChE) agents. They are of particular interest to anaesthetists, as patients in the acute and intermediate phases of OP poisoning may present with severe disturbances of cardiorespiratory function requiring critical or intensive care. The first account of the synthesis of a highly potent anti-AChE compound, tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), was given by Clermont in 1854. It is remarkable that the investigator survived to report on the taste of the compound, a few drops of which placed on the tongue usually proves to be rapidly fatal [36]. Modern investigations of OP compounds date from 1932 when Lange and Krueger recorded the synthesis of dimethyl and diethyl phosphorofluoridates. They noted that inhalation of these compounds caused a persistent choking sensation and blurring of vision. These observations led Schrader of I. G. Farbenindustrie to develop OP compounds, first as agricultural insecticides and later as potential chemical warfare agents. Consequently, during World War II, several highly toxic compounds were developed as nerve gases in Germany, viz. ethyl N-dimethyl phosphoroamidocyanidate (Tabun), isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate (Sarin), pinacolyl methyl phosphonofluoridate (Soman). The Allied countries also followed Lange and Krueger's lead and developed compounds such as diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) [91].


The crystal structure of the title compound, C 12 H 21 -N 2 O 2 + .C 7 H 5 O 2 - , consists of an imidazo[1,2,3-i.j][1,8]-naphthyridinium cation and a benzoate anion, which are held together by two strong O-H...O hydrogen bonds, with O...O non-bonded contact distances of 2.642(2) and 2.681(2)A. In the tricyclic cation, the imidazoline ring is almost planar, while the two six-membered rings are twisted and adopt deformed halfchair conformations. The benzoate anion is not perfectly planar, with the negative charge delocalized over the carboxylate group.


For accurate modeling the transit time of "true" SiGe HBTs up to high current densities, analytical equations have been derived and verified by both device simulations and measurements. They are part of a new compact model, which has just been implemented into a commercial circuit simulator.


Although the novel is a composite form which is not easily "deconstructible" in its constitutional elements, it is interesting to trace back the genres that have been assimilated by the new narrative form. Defoe's Memoirs of a Cavalier and Memoirs of an English Officer present a complex blend of pre-existing genres, from the epic to the history, from the memoir to travel literature. But, first and foremost, the protagonists are eye-witnesses who walk through history, "redressing" the mistakes made by historians, giving an account of facts which is at once realistic and poetic.


The complex magnetic anomaly situated in the region of Reading and Newbury has been investigated using several techniques. Analysis of the power spectrum of the anomaly indicates that it results from two groups of sources: a shallow group at a maximum depth of some 1.1 km and a more extensive, deeper group at a depth in excess of 2.5 km. The anomalies due to these two sources have been separated by wavenumber filtering and continuation methods. The deeper group of sources appears to have a significant remanent magnetization and could be modelled by an approximately prismoidal body with a side length of some 20 km. The shallow group of sources appears to correlate with igneous rocks encountered in local boreholes. The magnetic properties of these rocks have been determined.


The simulation technology is the core technology of virtual design. The designs of intelligent electrical apparatus needs knowl- edges including mechanics, electrics, electronics, cybernetics, software and communications. This paper introduced the major simulation softwares of related fi eld, pointed out that simulation of single f ield can not meet the requirements of intelligent electrical apparatus virtual design. Collaborative simulation should be used in virtual design of intelligent electrical apparatus. Only in this way, a virtual prototyping as good as physical prototyping can be designed.


This white paper sketches how a new type of software engineering technology can be used to automate a variety of software quality enhancement activities. This technology, a kind of extremely configurable, generalized compiler, is packaged in a tool called the "Design Maintenance System" (DMS). Automation is enabled by "teaching" DMS critical concepts of the application problem domain, properties of the application programming language, and methodological softwareengineering problem solving approaches. Value comes from using DMS to apply this organization-specific knowledge to frequent activities of its engineers. In essence, DMS is reusing deep engineering knowledge (as opposed to tools that simply reuse "code"). This amplifies the effect of skilled engineers, by allowing them to focus on the deep engineering issues rather than the microscopic details of carrying out such engineering tasks, and by allowing them to experiment more easily with changes that are system wide. DMS can be used for a variety of software quality enhancement activities. Because DMS can be configured with many kinds of knowledge, there are many possibilities. A few examples: • Finding/removing dead or redundant code • Instrumenting code for test coverage • Test generation from specifications • Checking organizational coding standards • Reshaping code to regularize structure (error handling, etc.) • Extracting documentation from source code • Reading/checking high-level specifications (comunication..protocols,tests, state machines) • Code generation from high level specifications • Porting code to new dialects/environments In a time of tight staff, budget and development cycles, growing software systems, and rising expectations of product quality, DMS can deliver considerable competitive value to the employing organization. 1 Automation and design knowledge Classic software engineering employs vast amounts of manual engineering and only small amounts of automation. Productivity gains are most likely to come from enhanced automation harnessing reusable design knowledge, such as the kinds of problems encountered in a problem domain, different methods and tradeoffs for solving those problems, means for coding solutions, test methods, etc. ("Code reuse" is a special kind of low level kind of design reuse). Conventional compilers provide most of the present-day automation leverage, by analyzing low-level programs (C, Java, Cobol) for mere language legality, and translating those programs to even lower levels (machine code). Analysis and translation are keys to more automation, but not at the low level of conventional compilers. If only the source code is analyzed or modified, design documents start to decay and soon become untrustworthy or useless. Useless design documents explains why most software engineers spend half their time examining code trying to understand what it does and why. Technically, this is a hopeless task because product requirements and specifications are not in the source code! It is well known that errors made early in the design process, but discovered late, are much more difficult to fix than errors made and found late in the implementation process [Boehm81]. A specification error costs 100 times as much to fix as a coding mistake! This suggests that tools that aid the correct construction of designs, and tools for analyzing designs to detect errors, would be extremely helpful. But since engineers and organizations are fallible, it also implies that tools that can track such design information into target systems and make corresponding changes will also be valuable, to minimize the costs of fixing such inevitable errors. Automation can only help when it "understands" what is being automated; this means that such automated help must understand designs. So to maximize leverage, designers and their tools must work on designs, not just directly on the code. The implications are that tools for design automation must eventually handle design information (specifications, architectures, and the decisions accepted and rejected that Copyright © 2001-2012 Semantic Designs, Inc. 1 lead to the actual software and hardware implementation). The ultimate goal is to enable the construction and maintenance of a continuously up-to-date, modifiable design document and corresponding system. Design management tools must: • Explicitly capture and maintain the design knowledge used in a system • Manage the scale of the design information involved (thousands of concepts and their relationships) and the software system source files (millions of lines), • Provide long term value in managing designs, • Provide near term value via analyses, and engineer-directed change management of existing software systems for which design information is difficult to obtain. Key design knowledge to be captured and reused consists of: • Domain Notations: how to specify a problem in a particular problem domain or engineering notation. (obtained from domain analysis [Neighbors84]) • Specifications: the concise formal description of problem, stated in a particular domain notation • Generative Knowledge: knowledge of possible ways to implement problem solutions using target domains • Implementation Knowledge: how a particular system is structured to carry out its specification. Building tools to manage design information is extremely difficult, and cannot be done overnight. First, there must be theory about what designs are, and how those designs can be captured, analyzed and modified, and then tools can be constructed used the theory foundations. Semantic Designs (SD) is committed to constructing such design management tools and delivering their value to engineering organizations. The technical founders of SD have worked out a unique theory for design management over the past 15 years, based on a generalization of compilers called transformation systems [Baxter92]. SD has spent the last 5 years constructing a unique toolset moving toward this the vision called the "Design Maintenance System (DMS). The DMS toolset, over time, provides increasing ability to capture, analyze and revise the design and source code of large software systems. Such full-lifecycle automation would provide enormous productivity leverage to the organizations' engineering staff, and thus to the quality and market value of the organization's products. While the present version of DMS [Baxter2004] does not realize all the benefits of complete design management, it can deliver considerable value by automating many tasks related to source code and specifications. This paper concentrates on the near term capability of DMS to analyze and modify large software systems without having large amounts of available design knowledge.


Process for purifying thioctic acid comprising the following steps: a) dissolving the thioctic acid in an aqueous alkaline solution or alternatively dissolving a salt thereof and suitably adjusting to an alkaline pH, b) acidifying the solution derived from step (a) with a compound selected from the class consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and methanesulfonic acid, to a pH between 5.4 and 5.8, c) isolating the thioctic acid precipitated in step (b) by conventional methods acid.


The third exam for awarding the European Diploma in Transplantation Surgery is organized by the Division of Transplantation of the Union Européene des Medecins Spécialistes (UEMS) Section of Surgery and the European Board of Surgery (EBS) in collaboration with the European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT). The exam will take place at the ESOT Congress in Paris on the 1st of September 2009. Deadline for applications: 30th of May 2009. For more information regarding the eligibility criteria, application and examination process please visit: http:// www.uemssurg.org or contact:


Radiation generated by high‐energy particle beams is widely used to characterize the beam properties. While the wavelengths of radiation may vary from visible to x‐rays, the physics underlying the engineering designs are similar. In this tutorial, we discuss the basic considerations for the optical system design in the context of beam instrumentation and the constraints applied by high‐radiation environments. We cover commonly used optical diagnostics: fluorescence flags, visible and x‐ray synchrotron radiation imaging. Emphases will be on achieving desired resolution, accuracy, and reproducibility.


The roles of graphene oxide scaffolds in the nucleation and growth of Mg nanocrystals and the consequent hydrogen storage properties are revealed. This work lays the foundation for design guidelines towards more optimized hydrogen storage composites.


New technologies have been incorporated into the Brazilian cotton production system, in order to verticalize the production through processing, allowing the producers or associations to add value to their production. Thus, the present study aimed to develop and evaluate processing equipment composed of mobile gin and baler press. The ginner consists of cleaner, saw cylinder, cylinder brushes, condenser and coil. The baler press is constituted of pressing sheets, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pump, control valve actuation, devices for filtering hydraulic oil and manometer. These devices are mounted on a trailer chassis composed of U-shaped angle iron chassis, four wheels (rim 13), shaft ends, two beams of five springs, steel sheet backing and braking system. In the evaluation and validation of the whole system by the cotton growers, this machine received the concept "very good" concerning efficiency of ginning, the bale weight, and the obtained fiber quality. The quality of fiber obtained with set ginner and baler press meet the standards of the textile industry.


Purpose/Objectives The purpose of this program was to deimplement the use of fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) for hospitalized patients. Description of the Project/Program We used a multipronged multidisciplinary approach to deimplement the use of FOBT, including physician-nurse collaborations, data-based poster displays, and a review of test utilization and patient cost throughout all facilities. Outcome Despite a downward trend in FOBT orders for hospitalized patients over 3 years, the inappropriate use of FOBT remains a cause of unnecessary delays of diagnostic workups and patient care and excess costs ranging from US $22 000 to $41 000 annually for each hospital. Conclusion Clinical nurse specialists can question the empirical origin and patient outcomes associated with clinical practice and are positioned to assess and champion deimplementation processes.


The level of radioactive contamination in foods contributed by natural sources, fallout radionuclides from nuclear-weapons testing, and the calculated high levels from a nuclear attack are discussed to show the relative influence of these factors on the safety of the food supply. Packaged or processed foods stored in a shelter might withstand damage from the blast effect of a nuclear detonation. However, processed food subjected to blast and thermal damage might be slightly radioactive from neutron activation, as demonstrated in the 20-KT shot in the 1955 Nevada tests. Allowing for radioactive decay, such foods would be safe to consume in a few weeks. Unharvested food crops, heavily contaminated with fallout from nuclear detonations in a war, would require careful decontamination under competent supervision. These foods also provide the starting materials for processed and canned foods, so remedial measures (washing, milling, or refining, and special processing) would be required. Processed foods in cans or glass would be preferred following nuclear attack. The safety of consumption and the wholesomeness of radionuclide-contaminated foods is discussed and it is concluded that they could be used under some conditions during the dire emergency of an immediate post-war period. (H.H.D.)


Social networks are an everyday part of university students' lives. They use them for various activities related to school, but mainly for personal life. On social networks, it is possible to share your feelings, your hopes, your life wins, and losses, as well as opinions and beliefs. This is done with the help of posts, comments, photos, videos, and other functionalities of various types of social networks. In our preliminary research, we focused on sharing photos and videos from everyday life. It was attended by 114 respondents from the Faculty of Education, Palacký University in Olomouc in the Czech Republic. The findings show that Facebook is the most used social network. The most common activity for students is sharing photos. None of the monitored activities showed a statistically significant difference in the frequency of activities between the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.


This paper proposed electrical model is based on the elastic continuum theory applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FELC), which gives a good description for the simulated switching and memory behavior by the different time order and driving waveforms. Optical transmission dependence onthe complex voltage waveforms and the rotational viscosity and spontaneous polarization of cell is obtained as a function of director profile. The model agree to 10 percent experimental results, over an applied voltage of 1.0 to 20 volt. The electrical model of real FELC displays may contribute to the design and development of optimized devices.


It is enterprises nowadays tend to get staff training high return of investment and to meet requirement of training work,the enterprises must pay more attention to improve efficiency of training management and to explore staff training management mode.In order to achieve the improvement of the overall quality of staff training,the training project management mode were carried out in MaSteel and analysed in this paper.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the genotyping of β-lactamases and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes on Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Shaoxing. METHODS Thirty nine strains of A.baumannii were isolated from hospitalized patients,and drug-resistant genes were detected by PCR. RESULTS The detection rates of β-lactamases coding genes of TEM and OXA-23 groups were 33.3% and 51.3%,The detection rates of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes coding genes of aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(6′)-Ⅰ and ant(3″)-Ⅰ were 64.1%,64.1% and 74.4%,respectively.The others were not found in all 39 isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that it is more serious for A.baumannii carrying β-lactamases and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes coding genes in Shaoxing.


Introduction and purpose of work. The correct body posture and its evaluation in children of all ages is of great importance. Special attention should be paid to two critical periods, when the posture may deteriorate significantly. Monitoring the body posture makes it possible to detect any abnormalities at an early stage that may subsequently lead to other health problems. The aim of the paper was to analize the connections between the body posture parameters and the selected parameters of the dynamic foot examination. Material and methods. 106 children at the age of 10-15 years old from schools located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship took part in the study. The posture of children assessed with the use of the Diers system is analyzed using a three-dimensional light-optical system. The next stage of the research was to conduct the dynamic foot analysis on the FreeMed platform.Results. No dependence between the majority of the studied body posture parameters and the parameters of the dynamic analysis was found. A statistically significant dependence was observed between: the right foot surface and the pelvic tilt, the right foot surface and the rotation surface, the number of steps per minute and the pelvic tilt, the contact time of the right foot surface and the pelvic tilt. When the pelvic tilt was standard, the authors observed a smaller surface while loading the right foot, a greater number of steps, and a shorter right foot contact time. The standard surface rotation affected the larger foot surface in the dynamic analysis.Conclusion. The study needs to be continued and extended in order to verify if there are any dependencies between the body posture parameters and the selected parameters of the dynamic analysis of the foot and gait pressure in children.


The state of Pará has experienced a high occurrence of forest fires, which were strongly influenced by the El Niño phenomenon in 2015-2016. This study aims to analyze the conditions of heat sources in Pará, using the 2016 monthly bulletins provided by the Environment and Sustainability Secretariat. This data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The IDW interpolation method was used to construct the density map, displaying the primary areas of concern. The results showed that the greatest detections were during the Amazonian summer, occurring during the second half of the year. Specifically, the municipalities of the Southwestern and Southeastern Para meso-regions were mainly the ones affected. Fire is used as a primary economic tool. The Southwest was the one region that presented the highest densities of hotspots. Although the results do not indicate the actual configuration of the events, because of the technical limitations of remote sensing, the information obtained in this study communicates ideas concerning prevention and action in the most affected areas. In loco studies are needed to determine precisely the causes of these occurrences.


HDFS is a popular distributed file system, widely used in many commercial fields, which can store TB, even PB level data. Fast data reading and writing is the most important problem for HDFS. However, with the volume of data increasing sharply, the traditional HDFS, built on the PC cluster platform, is no longer suitable for fast data reading and writing. GPU is a highly parallel computing unit. Its power of calculation, reading and writing is hundreds of times as fast as CPU. Hence, this paper proposes an improved distributed file system, which uses GPU as an accelerator. Firstly, the improved HDFS uses GPU instead of CPU response data reading and writing requests. Secondly, the improved HDFS uses GPU's cache as a buffer memory for data reading and writing. These two strategies significantly improve the performance of the distributed file system. The experimental results have proved the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.


A SERVQUAL-inspired instrument measured students' satisfaction with technology tools used in AIS classrooms; 151 students in six schools participated. Student in-class computer activities generated the highest satisfaction among students, live software demonstration the least. Satisfaction varied little by gender or age group. Student in-class computer activities showed the most reaction of satisfaction to usage rates, and in all cases greater usage led to higher satisfaction. In some instances, the satisfaction score for a question differed across technology groups, but these differences are not generalizable. Factor analysis largely supports the a priori loading of satisfaction items into five SERVQUAL dimensions


To the editor: Cardiogenic shock is one of the devastating complications of acute myocardial infarction. The mortality rate is still unacceptably high though having some treatment options such as complete revascularization, vasoactive drugs and mechanical support devices. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is the oldest and most frequently used supporting method. In one of the past issues of the journal, Wu et al retrospectively analyzed the factors affecting the outcomes of the elderly Chinese patients with cardiogenic shock treated with IABP. This study stimulated us to bring up some controversial issues of IABP support. Some current data in terms of IABP usage should be reviewed more comprehensively beyond knowing the factors affecting the outcomes.


A systematic ray theory of electromagnetic surface-wave modes in integrated optical systems is presented. It is shown that in a slowly varying, horizontally layered optical waveguide the vertical components of the electromagnetic field satisfy two separate second-order differential equations that correspond to TE and TM modes, respectively. In the horizontal direction, we develop a ray theory; in the vertical direction the application of the transverse resonance conditions leads to an eigenvalue problem. In the vertical direction the resulting solutions then behave as ordinary surface-wave modes, while in the horizontal direction they possess all properties of two-dimensional electromagnetic rays. The properties of the surface-wave ray modes are discussed, in particular their propagation coefficients, for which a stationary expression (in the variational sense) is derived. Applications are briefly indicated.


The key building blocks for the fabrication of devices based on the deterministic placement of dopants in silicon using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) hydrogen lithography are the formation of well-defined dopant delta-layers and the overgrowth of high quality crystalline Si. To develop these capabilities, it is of critical importance to quantify dopant movement in the sub-nanometer regime. To this end, we investigate Si:P delta-layer samples produced by fully exposing a Si surface to PH3 prior to Si encapsulation with dramatically different levels of dopant confinement. We examine the effect of delta layer confinement on the weak localization signal in parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields and extract the delta-layer thickness from fits to the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka equation. We find good agreement with secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements and demonstrate the applicability of this method in the sub-nanometer thickness regime. Our analysis serves as detailed instruction for the determinat...


Proceeding from the portrayal of character and the creation of image, this paper analyses the vivid and distinctive character, the leading heroine in "Y1NG NING" which is a ghost story written by Song- ling Pu. The paper has a restricted view on Pu' s consummate writing techniques and delineates the unique inner world of his character.


This experiment synthesized the hydrophilic finishing agent LS with phthalic anhydride and polyethylene glycol,and analyzed the impact of factors such as the mole ratio,reaction time,reaction temperature and polymerization degree etc.on the polyester fabric performance.The optimal process of synthetic agent LS is as follows:the mole ratio of phthalic anhydride and polyethylene glycol is 1:1,reaction temperature is 145-155 ℃ and reaction time is 4 h.The application technology of finishing agent LS is optimized.Experiments show that polyester fabrics achieve good hydrophilic performance,and have some of washability and antistatic property under the process of working liquid 5%(double-dip-double-nip,pick up of 100%),drying(80 ℃,5 min) and baking(200 ℃,90 s).


The high-SNR capacity of a block-faded non-coherent channel can be achieved by a multi-dimensional Grassmannian modulation. This paper proposes an analytical quasi-Gray labelling for Reed-Muller Grassmannian constellations. The proposed labelling method enables to reduce the block error rate (BLER) of a system with error correction code, by minimizing the average Hamming distance between labels of neighboring modulation symbols. In particular, we first define an inherent generation label from which the Reed-Muller Grassmannian constellation is constructed, and show it fulfills a homogeneity property. Based on this, a bijective linear mapping between a quasi-Gray labelling and the former labelling is proposed, where the bijective linear mapping matrix is obtained by a low-complexity algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed quasi-Gray labelling method can achieve 40% reduction of the average Hamming distance between neighboring modulation symbols compared to the generation label or random labelling. Finally, link-level simulation results further demonstrate that the proposed quasi-Gray labelling can effectively reduce the BLER.


The Relativity Theory has been used to study the spreading of charged particle beams propagating in the vacuum of outer space because of its self generated field,a method calculating beam spreading radius in radical spreading of particle beams is presented.We calculate and discuss the relations between the beam spreading radius and the factors influencing the propagation of particle beams,such as beam type,beam energy,current intensity,initial radius etc.And we obtain that the beam parameters can be used to reduce the beam spread as far as posible.The calculated results are in agreement with open data now.


"Cometary" Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies (iI,C BCDs) are characterized by off-center starbursts close to the end of an elongated dwarf irregular (dI)-like host galaxy. This may either represent randomly enhanced star-forming activity of a dI, or may be caused by a set of special properties of such systems or their environment. For a first investigation of this issue, we analyse the nearby iI,C BCDs Markarian 59 and Markarian 71. Using deep ground-based spectrophotometric data and HST images, we derive physical properties, structure and ages of the starburst regions and the underlying stellar host galaxies. The metallicities show small scatter in the vicinity of the star-forming regions and along the major axis of Mrk 59 which suggests effective mixing of heavy elements on kpc scales. The surface brightness profiles of the underlying host galaxies in either iI,C BCD show an exponential decay with a central surface brightness and scale length that are intermediate between typical iE/nE BCDs and dIs. Spectral population synthesis models in combination with colour magnitude diagrams and colour profiles yield most likely formation ages of ~2 Gyr for the host galaxies in both iI,C BCDs, with upper limits of ~4 Gyr for Mrk 59 and ~3 Gyr for Mrk 71, i.e. significantly lower than the typical age of several Gyr derived for the host galaxies of iE/nE BCDs. These findings raise the question whether iI,C systems form a distinct class within BCDs with respect to the age and structure of their hosts, or whether they represent an evolutionary stage connecting young i0 BCDs and "classical" iE/nE BCDs. Properties of analogous objects studied in the local universe and at medium redshifts provide some support for this evolutionary hypothesis.


Representation in terms of a new parameter, exoticity, a measure of n-deficiency or p-richness, clearly brings out the saturation tendency of the product's maximum exoticity in a compound nuclear reaction as the compound nucleus is made more and more exotic using radioactive projectile (RIBs). The effect of this saturation on the production of new proton-rich species with RIBs over a wide Z-range has been discussed.


The article defines the scientific advice on the delimitation of facilitating terrorist activities related crimes; designed to overcome the competition rules of articles 2051 and 150 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, arising in cases involving minors in terrorist activities.


Complicated time series often contain different regimes of dynamical evolution that are largely neglected in the practice of system-identification. Employing a regime labelling/segmentation can greatly simplify data analysis, but this introduces a heavy dependence of analysis quality on the regime labelling process. This segmentation process is embarrassingly often done by eye, leading to label disagreements that are hard to resolve, especially when the regime-labelling criteria are imprecisely specified. Many different techniques havebeendeveloped to tackle these challenges ([1]), but they tend tobehighlydata anddisciplinedependent. A popular theoretically flexible and practically useful framework incorporates "model switching" to account for these shifts in dynamical behavior. The resulting problem is to then simultaneously assign regime labels and find parameters characterizing the behavior in these regimes. This scheme is an extension of the celebrated Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM):


Article history: Received 27 August 2015 Received in revised form 15 December 2015 Accepted 2 February 2016 Available online 12 February 2016 The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is evolved froma type II bacterial immune system and represents a new generation of targeted genome editing technology that can be applied to nearly all organisms. Site-specific modification is achieved by a single guide RNA (usually about 20 nucleotides) that is complementary to a target gene or locus and is anchored by a protospaceradjacent motif. Cas9 nuclease then cleaves the targeted DNA to generate double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are subsequently repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms. NHEJ may introduce indels that cause frame shift mutations and hence the disruption of gene functions. When combined with double or multiplex guide RNA design, NHEJ may also introduce targeted chromosome deletions, whereas HDR can be engineered for target gene correction, gene replacement, and gene knock-in. In this review,webriefly survey thehistory of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also describe the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/ Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications ofmodifiedCas9 variants, anddiscuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement. © 2016 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


The amount of non-metallic inclusion increased remarkably, when the steel rod of Fe-Ni was remelted in DC-SP mode. The silicon content increased slightly. The manganese and sulfur contents did not change. The total Al content in ingot was max. 0.7 %, while that in the electrode was 10 ppm. In DC-SP, Al cation in slag is reduced to metallic aluminum at the slag-electrode interface, while O anion is oxidized to O in metal pool. They are recombined to form alumina inclusion in metal pool. The amount of inclusion depended on alumina content in the slag. When the rod of plain carbon steel was remelted, however, the increment of non-metallic inclusion was as small as one tenth of that in the case of Fe-Ni rod. The amount of non-metallic inclusion did not depend on the polarity of the electrode.


Pharmaceutical Care or drug therapy follow up requires not only pre-graduate but also regulated continuing postgraduate training. The Dader program for drug therapy follow up was created to try to proportion continuing education. Objective: The present study analyzes the pilot phase results of the Dader methodology for drug therapy follow up, during the months from January to March 2000. Results: Drug therapy follow up was carried out on 174 patients in 24 pharmacies with 48 community pharmacists. 194 DRP were intervened, of which 167 were resolved, the distribution of DRP was 31% of necessity, 32.4% of effectiveness and 36.1% of safety. The physician had to be contacted in 68% of the occasions, 81% of these were resolved and 92% of those in which only the patient was communicated with. Conclusions: the Dader Methodology for drug therapy follow up is useful for identifying and solving drug related problems.


Human individuals generally tend to follow several habits during the course of the day. This fact intuitively allows predicting human behavior to a certain degree based on previous observations. This thesis focuses on the mobility of human individuals. To be speci c, a generic algorithm that uses kernel density estimation and quadratic optimization to provide location predictions is proposed. There are several imaginable elds of application for such an algorithm, like for example location based services or commercials. The proposed algorithm was implemented and tested using mobility traces of taxis. The test results clearly indicate that the algorithm can extract and exploit patterns in the data to predict future locations. For instance, the algorithm achieves an accuracy better than 1000m in approximately 32% of the executed tests using a prediction interval of six minutes. Moreover, in 13% of these tests the prediction error is smaller than 500m. In addition, the test results show that the algorithm is able to estimate the reliability of its predictions with an accuracy of up to 98.75%. As expected, the test results also clearly demonstrate that the prediction capability of the algorithm strongly depends on the properties of the given location data and the underlying stochastic process.


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography enterography (CTE) characteristics of bleeding Meckel diverticulum. Methods The CTE images of 35 patients with Meckel diverticulum and gastrointestinal bleeding were retrospectively evaluated. Results Meckel diverticulum was visualized in 33 of 35 patients and located in the right lower abdomen (20/33), midline lower abdomen (8/33), left lower abdomen (3/33), or paramedially near the umbilicus (2/33). The Meckel diverticulum was visualized on the antimesenteric side of the ileum in 16 patients (48.5%) and pointed toward the umbilicus in 10 (30.3%). The diverticulum appeared as a blind-ended tubular (22/33 [66.7%]) or saccular (11/33 [33.3%]) bowel segment. Separated supplying vessel was identified in 15 patients (45.5%) and associated with diverticulum (P = 0.037). The ectopic tissue was pathologically confirmed in 11 (33.3%) of 33 patients and was associated with diverticular nodules (P = 0.002). Conclusions Awareness of CTE features could aid in the preoperative assessment of bleeding Meckel diverticulum.


The research objectives were to identify Dam Lodan rehabilitation and influencing to production and farm income. The research with survey method, and descriptive analysis. The research was carried out Lodan village, Sarang District, Rembang. The research findings indicated that production and farm income to increased, after the Dam Lodan rehabilited. Padi to increased 171,75% and farm income 169,75%. The sensitivity analysis indicated, when the construction cost increasing 10% and the benefit decreasing 10%, EIRR= 12,03, NPV= 872,740 and B/C Ratio= 1,45.


In view of the existing situation of low level of the 1-D interpretation of the Transient Electromagnetics (TEM) in field work, we start from the central loop method, which is widely used in field work, to make improvement. Based on the principle of superposition of the Electromagnetics (EM), we deduce the secondary field (pure abnormal field) formulas of the 2.5-dimensional finite element method (FEM) from the Maxwell's equations. This algorithm uses triangle FEM grids, which can not only fit the geo-electric media well but also decrease the number of nodes and cells. It adopts pivoting LU decomposition to solve the linear equations, which needs only to change the right hand items and perform an iteration when increasing a measuring point. A new scheme is used to choose wavenumbers, which lets the wavenumber m glide with given computational time t. Finally we give examples to show that the forward modeling code calculates directly the secondary field and makes the computation faster with higher calculating accuracy.


The contributions of Edgar Allan Poe have withstood the test of time; his best poems and fiction are more popular and carry greater significance now than they did during his own era. This highly readable introduction to the life, times, and major works of Poe offers fresh interpretations of timeless masterpieces like The Raven and The Purloined Letter. Carefully considering important thematic elements as well as genre, this book organizes the works of Poe into four significant groupings: the poetry, Vampiric love stories, tales of psychological terror, and the detective stories. Close readings are given for a selection of the most important works that represent Poe's canon of writings, including the chilling Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat. This introductory study to Edgar Allan Poe begins with a concise biographical chapter that explores Poe's troubled experiences. The Literary Heritage chapter chronicles Poe's influence on other writers, artists, and filmmakers who followed. This work examines the major poems from Poe's canon, with special attention to those works that are most often taught and anthologized. Poe's most famous tales of terror and revenge are juxtaposed because they all revolve around murders and the elements of terror associated with the act of killing. Likewise, his love stories are brought together in a chapter that deals with vampirisim and gender. The final chapter, The Origins of the Detective Tale, examines Poe's tales of ratiocination, and traces the evolution of many popular culture super sleuths to Poe's Dupin. A selective bibliography of biographical and critical works on Poe, including contemporary reviews, completes this thorough volume. Students, general readers, and fans of all things Gothic will enjoy the fascinating insights this volume offers.


Network protection algorithms differ in the type of network failures they protect against (e.g., node or link failure), the performance measure they optimize (e.g., restoration time, algorithmic complexity etc.), and the topological approach they use for network protection (e.g., p-cycles, tree etc.). For this reason, it is difficult to make a proper comparison between the performances of two different algorithms. In this paper, we propose a generic simulation model that can be used to measure the performance of the protection algorithms based on different criteria, which will allow comparing the performances of algorithms and determine which protection algorithm is more efficient for a network.


Author(s): Kennedy, Titus | Abstract: The temple of Amun-Ra at Soleb, constructed in Kush (Nubia) during the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep III in the 18th Dynasty and "rediscovered" in 1813 by Burckhardt, is famous for its status as the southernmost temple and its scenes of the Heb-Sed Festival of Amenhotep III. Located about 185 kilometers southwest of Wadi Halfa, the partially preserved Soleb temple of Amenhotep III on the west bank of the Nile, just south of the Third Cataract, can be difficult to access. According to the building inscription of Amenhotep III from Thebes, the Soleb temple was named Khaemmaat and was dedicated to Amun-Ra and to Amenhotep III as a deity. A New Kingdom cemetery was nearby to the west, and subsequent rulers Akhenaten, Ay, and Tutankhamun also had modifications made to the temple. Even as early as 1829, the expedition of Major Felix which visited the site recognized that the prisoner inscriptions on visible columns were commemorating the victories of Amenhotep III, but after the centuries, Sector IV of the hypostyle hall was in ruins, toppled, and partly covered by sand. However, following the 1957–1963 excavation expedition led by Michela Schiff Giorgini, the uncovered remains were analyzed and reconstructed with the available pieces which had been discovered and identified. The columns of the hypostyle hall, decorated with bound prisoner reliefs and the names of peoples or places rendered in Egyptian hieroglyphs, are of significant geographical and historical importance.


Robustness has long been a central design goal of the Internet. Much of the initial effort towards robustness focusedon the "fail-stop" model, where node failures are complete and easily detectable by other nodes. The Internet is quite robust against such failures, routinely surviving various catastrophes with only limited outages. This robustness is largely due to the widespread belief in a set of guidelines for critical design decisions such as where to initiate recovery and how to maintain state.However, the Internet remains extremely vulnerable to more arbitrary failures where, through either error or malice, a node issues syntactically correct responses that are not semantically correct. Such failures, some as simple as misconfigured routing state, can seriously undemnine the functioning of the Internet. With the Internet playing such a central role in the global telecommunications infrastructure, this level of vulnerability is no longer acceptable.In this paper we argue that to make the Internet more robust to these kinds of arbitrary failures, we need to change the way we design network protocols. To this end, we propose a set of six design guidelines for improving the network protocol design. These guidelines emerged from a study of past examples of failures, and determining what could have been done to prevent the problem from occurring in the first place. The unifying theme behind the various guidelines is that we need to design protocols more defensively, expecting malicious attack, misimplementation, and misconfiguration at every turn.


Amoco Production Company operates four of fourteen platforms in the Cook Inlet of Alaska. Amoco's ten years of underwater corrosion and cathodic protection experience in the Cook Inlet environment are reviewed. Tests show that 90-100 ma/ sq. ft. are necessary to polarize the Cook Inlet structures where high tidal velocities are prevalent. Further, impressed current densities of 60 ma/sq. ft. maintain the cathodic protection as evidenced by the presence of a cathodic scale in the lower portions of the splash zone of the structure legs. An underwater corrosion coupon program was run to verify underwater protection and effects of structure shielding are described. Field data on protection are also confirmed by laboratory data.


In the context of economic transformation, there has been great interest in the problems of managing consumer behavior through advertising. The article considers the essence of advertising in terms of development of social and economic space, which is aimed at improving the sphere of business and information activities, as well as the protection of social values. The classification of advertising by target audience, coverage area, means of transmission, functions and goals is proposed, as these criteria allow to some extent to cover and outline the impact of advertising on society as a whole, its sphere of activity and each of its representatives individually. There are eight basic types of advertising, each of which has its own specifics and can be used depending on the goals of the business structure. It is noted that the effective factors that have proven their effectiveness in the system of means of influencing consumer behavior are advertising. The authors pay special attention to the fact that a significant advantage and information resource of the enterprise is effective advertising. It is also noted that the main engine of sales today is the Internet, namely – advertising on the Internet (a form of impersonal presentation of information about goods or services on the Internet). The purposes and types of Internet advertising are described. It is determined that the advertising campaign is one of the tools of the strategic plan of the enterprise, as a result of which the use of advertising in the management of all activities of the enterprise is an important and integral part of the enterprise management system as a whole. Methods and ways of planning an advertising campaign are described. It is noted that the effectiveness of advertising or advertising campaign in general is characterized by the ratio of results (effect) of a particular advertising campaign and the cost of its implementation. Criteria for the effectiveness of advertising will be considered its objectivity and specificity, truthfulness and ethics, the availability of the necessary information, the correctness of the evidence presented in favor of the object, as well as the direction of the addressee.


The transfer of radionuclides from fallout to individual foods has been studied continuously in several areas in the Republic of Croatia, since 1959. Investigations focus on the long‐lived fission radionuclides: 137Cs and 90Sr. In order to estimate doses received by the Croatian population the Caesium and Strontium levels in their diets were calculated and analysed. According to the results obtained the risk to the population from 137Cs and 90Sr ingestion was highest over the 1960s and in the year of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, but the content of radionuclides in the foods were below the permissible levels.


Product conceptualization is an essential part of each product emergence process. A valid and context-sensitive selection and validation of appropriate product concepts in early stages of product development is challenging. The major reference for subsequently synthesizing overall out of individual solutions represents the morphological analysis, for a systematic heuristic generation of product concepts. This paper addresses a multi-stage design process for a holistic and quantitative morphological analysis and synthesis based on relation-oriented functional modelling. General object is to manage complex problems which do not necessarily suffer by combinatorial explosion. A similarity based product conceptualization is carried out by a Euclidian distance measure for the selection of well-balanced and robust overall concepts. Therefore, various target systems including functionality, economic efficiency and innovation potential are considered during assessment for a systematic combination. A validation and evaluation is performed by an integrative sheet metal forming center.


library's collection. Breeding makes it clear users need a good layout, help with sorting large sets of results, and interactive features such as "Did you mean . . ." and recommendations to effectively retrieve information. Breeding's comparisons of different products are very helpful for planning a new online catalog. The largest portion of this book is devoted to planning, with emphasis on the different products available and understanding what the users of the library's collection need. A large part of the book is devoted to planning with the hope that implementation will go as smoothly as possible. Breeding knows that commercial and nonlibrary sites compete most keenly for the library user's attention. His experience and breadth of knowledge allow readers to learn about various vendors and their products. No catalog project would be complete without some marketing plan to inform the public and the library staff. A marketing plan would also educate users, promote the existing library collection, and improve existing services. Advance communication allows users to prepare for the change and to anticipate changes in workflow or services. Breeding suggests outside and inside channels through which to broadcast the new service. Of course, the new interface should improve services on its own as well by having a prominent location on the library's Web site. Breeding suggests optimizing the site so commercial search engines can find the library. This book contains some technical vocabulary that those familiar with integrated catalogs will more readily understand than others. The book ends with benchmarks to measure the new discovery tool's success, best practices to follow, and resources to use if more information is needed. A librarian can obtain a good start to planning and preparing for a next generation online catalog by reading this brief but thorough book.


Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a quality control measure designed to ensure the safety of products according to established variability thresholds. With the development of advanced technologies and a lack of formalised knowledge of the state-of-the-art, the National Composites Centre, Bristol, has identified that the increasing complexity of composite products will lead to some severe inspection challenges. To address the apparent knowledge gap and understand system complexity, a formulaic approach to introduce intelligence and improve the robustness of NDT operations is presented. The systemic development of a high-fidelity knowledge base (KB) involves the establishment of a capability matrix that maps material, component, and defect configuration to the capabilities and limitations of selected detection methods. Population and validation are demonstrated through the experimental testing of reference standards and evaluated against an assessment criteria. System complexity in ultrasonic testing operations focusses on capturing the inherent risks in inspection and the designation of evidence-based path plans for automation platforms. Anticipated deployment of the validated applicability data within the KB will allow for road-mapping of the inspection technique development and will provide opportunities for knowledge-based decision making. Moreover, the KB highlights the need for Design for Inspection, providing measurable data that the methodology should not be ignored.


In this paper, we present a design method of MIMO systems by sequential reduction considering frequency ranges. In each frequency ranges, the closed transmittance in a diagonal system can be approximated to the open-loop one by using weighting functions. At the same time, MIMO systems is modified to SISO system by weighting functions, therefore, its controller is easily designed. A simple example is shown to illustrate this method.


Domain wall based devices such as racetrack memory have been proposed as promising candidates for high capacity, non-volatile information storage [1, 2]. In these devices, multiple domain walls can be propagated through nanowires at speeds of many hundreds m/s using spin transfer torque, thus allowing data to be written, read and processed. One of the main challenges towards the commercial realization for domain wall memory is the stochasticity of domain wall motion. In thin film systems, where domain wall motion is the dominant reversal mechanism, the magnetization reversal does not happen in a controlled fashion but instead forms zig-zag domains extending over several micrometers in length to form. Such stochastic behavior limits the maximum data density. To overcome this issue, researchers have used lithographically fabricated notches to act as domain wall pinning centers [3]. The other method to form pinning centers is based on exchange bias [4]. In our previous study, we proposed the use of non-magnetic metal diffusion or ions implanted locally to control and pin domains in nanowires [5]. In this report, we demonstrate the formation of pinning centers by using exchange interaction between films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and in-plane magnetization to create locally tilted magnetization. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) material Ta (1)/Pt (5)/[Co (0.3)/Ni (0.4)]3(0.4)]3(all thickness values are in nm) multilayers were deposited on Si (SiO2) substrate and the in-plane magnetic (IMA) anisotropy material Co10 Ni90 (2.5 nm) alloy was grown on top of the PMA layer. The thickness of a Pt spacer layer between the PMA layer and IMA layer was varied to tune the angle of magnetization. Figure 1(a) shows film stack studied in this report. The hysteresis loops of films with various Pt spacer layer thickness in the in-plane direction and out-of-plane direction are shown in (b) and (c) respectively. At Pt layer thickness below 2 nm, the switching behavior of the PMA and IMA layer suggests the presence of exchange interaction between the layers. While a thicker Pt layer of 5 nm causes the switching behavior to be independent of each other and thus increasing the coercivity [6]. Mumax3 simulation was performed to study the domain wall pinning effect and depinning current with various tilt angles. Figure 2(a) shows the domain wall propagation without pinning. Figure 2(b) shows domain wall propagation with a pinning center, where the magnetization is tilted at 5 degrees from the perpendicular axis. The result shows that the domain wall is pinned at the edge of the pinning center. Our results further indicate that the magnetization tilt angle can be increased to decrease the barrier energy, which reduces the depinning current as demonstrated in figure 2(c).


It has been suggested by researchers that educational television programmes may support the language and literacy development for children, especially those in immigrant families. In an immigrant family, many family characteristics appear to be related to educational television programme viewing of children at home, for example, parental acculturation (the process of adapting to the new culture) and parental mediation (supervision and guidance) of television viewing. In the present work, the parental influence on children during educational television viewing was studied quantitatively, based on a sample (n = 171) of immigrant families with children aged 3–6 years collected across the U.S. The results have revealed that significant differences existed between Asian and Hispanic groups in coviewing mediation and in their children's educational television viewing. Furthermore, language in parental acculturation significantly predicted instructive and restrictive parental mediation, and parental occupation significantly predicted language in parental acculturation. This study initiates the attention to the topic of educational television viewing in immigrant families, which warrants further investigations in the future as the Asian and Hispanic immigrant population increases rapidly in the U.S. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A new compound, catechin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4) β-D-glucopyranoside was isolated from the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the aqueous extract of the whole seeds of Trichilia emetica (Family: Meliaceae). The structure of this compound was established on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. The compound was also subjected to antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The pure compound showed either no or reduced activity against microorganisms tested, it also showed no cytotoxicity.


In this article, we extend kernel-based interior point algorithms for linear programming to convex quadratic programming overs second-order cones. By means of Jordan algebras, we establish the iteration complexity for long- and short-step interior-point methods, namely, O(3√(N2) log N/ε ) and O(√N log N/ε), respectively. These results coincide with the ones obtained in the linear programming case.


This thesis analyze the impact of inflation rate, BI rate, and exchange rate between IDR and USD on the earnings per share of mining sector and infrastructure sector in Indonesian Stock Exchange. The statistical model used in this thesis is multiple regression analysis using historical data for the period of 2008-2014. The results show that there is no significant relationship between inflation rate and exchange rate with earnings per share of mining and infrastructure and transportation sector. The results also show that there is a negative and significant relationship between BI rate with earnings per share of mining sector, infrastructure and transportation sector. Then the result of F-test shows that there is no correlation between independent variable and dependent variable.


Xinjiang and neighboring countries in Central Asia,Xinjiang is China's land boundary line the longest,most landlocked countries neighboring provinces and regions,set out in the sub-regional economic cooperation zones on the basis of the participation of Xinjiang in Central Asia sub-regional economic group Significance analysis.At the same time,pointed out that Xinjiang and Central Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation of regional advantages.


Type‐I dislocations at the GaAs/Si interface are beneficial because they effectively relax the mismatched stress, but do not propagate into the GaAs film. Accordingly, the best way to grow a low defect density GaAs film on a Si substrate is to form as many as possible type‐I dislocations or, equivalently, to suppress other kinds of defects. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy study shows that most of the type‐I dislocations are formed at the double step on a Si surface. It is further determined that the silicon surface steps are mainly due to the substrate tilting instead of the heating before growth. Based on our study, the (100) Si substrate with double steps along both [110] and [110] axes provides the best condition for growing low defect density GaAs on Si substrates.


This paper presents past and future research themes in construction informatics as perceived mostly by a community of researchers active in European Information Society projects. It is based on a survey that was conducted in the fall of 2003, mostly among the participants of these projects. The research themes are structured according to a topic map of construction informatics that classifies the R&D themes into core themes and support themes. Core themes create knowledge related either to information processing activities or communication and coordination activities. The support themes address the knowledge transfer process and include identification of research needs, transfer, deployment, and impact of research. It has been found that this research community believes that a breakthrough in the themes related to e-business and e-commerce has been made. Collaboration, integration, and data management were and will continue to be the dominant themes. A growing interest was identified in knowledge-based technologies, including knowledge management, intelligent software, and intelligent interfaces. The research efforts were mostly dedicated to requirements analysis and prototyping. The community realizes that in the future, more attention should be paid to the follow-up commercialized industry deployment and the study of the impact of the developed technologies. It plans to continuously specialize in the construction-specific issues and has only few ambitions to advance state of the art computer science or informatics in general.


This article explores modernity as an ethos, rather than a historical period, allowing us to reconstruct joint Indian and Iranian 'stories vanished from memory'. The story this article traces is the flourishing of the sciences in Persian during the first three decades of the 19th century at a time when Mughal India was seen to be in a state of decline. This article argues that the texts were rendered 'homeless' by their lack of inclusion into either Indian or Iranian nationalist accounts of modernity. I also extrapolate from the Foucauldian notion of heterotopia as alternate site of the 'real' as a ' countersite' to explore the production of modernity. Heterotopias thus mark sites of crossing between peoples, cultures, and knowledge systems, in this case, between Indian and Iranian translations and readings of Persian texts.


This report presents an investigation into the practicability of automated editing techniques for personal/home video aided by possible knowledge bases. The ultimate goal of this report is to find the solutions to the unresolved problems of automated video editing tool, such that users can still get satisfying resulted video without the burden of cumbersome editing processes. A system design for such a tool is proposed based on a survey of related literature, and suggestions as well as questions are discussed in this report.


In engineering practice, rectangular holes (openings) are often encountered. The presence of rectangular holes increases the complexity of the analysis of engineering media (e.g., soils around a diaphragm wall panel) and structural members (e.g., floor slabs). However, there is currently no simple but sufficiently accurate solution readily available for engineers to obtain stress and displacement distributions around an artificial rectangular hole in an elastic plate. This paper presents a simple approximate solution to the problem for an infinite elastic and isotropic plate subjected to uniaxial stress at infinity. A linear elastic plane stress analysis is carried out using complex variables. By introducing a correction factor, simplified and explicitly expressed, a general conformal transformation function that transforms the area outside an arbitrary rectangular hole into the region inside a unit circle is created and used to obtain a solution. The solution is verified by comparing the calculated results using a finite-element method. Displacements caused by the formation of a rectangular hole are investigated. The ease of implementation of the solution is illustrated.


We report on the results of a collaborative effort made in the field of optical diagnostics of whole blood samples to study the ability of red blood cells to aggregate in a Couette chamber. We studied a possibility to quantitatively measure this ability as a function of the physiological state of blood donors. The aggregometer designed by the Russian coauthors of this paper and described in their earlier publications (see e.g. Proc SPIE 1884, 2100, 2678, 2982) was extensively used in the experiments performed in the Rheumatology Institute in Moscow and in the Charite Clinic in Berlin. The following parameters were measured: two characteristic times of RBC aggregation and the average spontaneous aggregation rate in the state of stasis, the average hydrodynamic strength of all aggregates and that of the largest aggregates. Different algorithms of the remission signal processing for the quantitative evaluation of the above parameters were compared. Reproducible alterations of the parameters from their normal values were obtained for blood samples from individuals suffering auto-immune disease and diabetes. Statistical data is reported proving high efficiency of the technique for the diagnostics of rheological disorders. Basing on these data the quantitative criteria of the heaviness of hemorheological state of the patients are proposed that are important for choosing specific therapies for which the patient is minimally resistant.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Constellation Program is responsible for planning and implementing those programs necessary to send human explorers back to the moon, onward to Mars and other destinations in the solar system, and to support missions to the International Space Station. The Constellation Program has the technical management responsibility for all Constellation Projects, including both human rated and non-human rated vehicles such as the Crew Exploration Vehicle, EVA Systems, the Lunar Lander, Lunar Surface Systems, and the Ares I and Ares V rockets. With NASA s new Vision for Space Exploration to send humans beyond Earth orbit, it is critical to consider the human as a system that demands early and continuous user involvement, inclusion in trade offs and analyses, and an iterative "prototype/test/ redesign" process. Personnel at the NASA Johnson Space Center are involved in the Constellation Program at both the Program and Project levels as human system integrators. They ensure that the human is considered as a system, equal to hardware and software vehicle systems. Systems to deliver and support extended human habitation on the moon are extremely complex and unique, presenting new opportunities to employ Human Systems Integration, or HSI practices in the Constellation Program. The purpose of the paper is to show examples of where human systems integration work is successfully employed in the Constellation Program and related Projects, such as in the areas of habitation and early requirements and design concepts.


The pharmaceutical industry is one of the major industries of Andhra Pradesh. Huge number of women were employed in these industries to carry out packing activities manually. These packing activities being static and repetitive may give rise to fixed body positions, continued repetition of movements and concentrated force on hand or wrist with out sufficient recovery between the movements. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among women workers involved in packing activities of pharmaceutical industry. The sample consisted of 270 women workers randomly selected from nine pharmaceutical industries in Hyderabad. Work posture was evaluated by using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) technique. A scale was developed to study the musculoskeletal symptoms in nine anatomical body regions. The musculoskeletal discomforts like pain, stiffness, swelling, spasms and so on experienced by women were explored. Correlation between the postural score obtained with the use of RULA and musculoskeletal symptoms was explored. There was a significant positive correlation between RULA posture score and prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Further through ANOVA significant difference between the respondents with mild, moderate and severe musculoskeletal symptoms was found out. The results emphasized poor working postures of the workers in packing activities need to be changed soon.


Abstract : Building on historical advances, a collaborative effort between the Environmental Sciences Laboratory at SSC San Diego and the Cornell Cooperative Extension Marine Program set out to develop improved methods for (1) identifying the spatial location where exchange is likely to take place, and (2) accurately measuring the groundwater seepage across the sediment-water interface. This report describes the initial hardware development, testing, and field protocols for new techniques for identifying potential areas of groundwater impingement into surface waters (the Trident Probe), as well as techniques for quantifying the flow rates and contaminant levels of groundwater at the surface water interface (the UltraSeep System).