This research aims to understand and analyze whether there is a difference in Current Ratio (CR), Debt-Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Inventory Turnover (ITO), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return On Assets (ROA) , Return On Equity (ROE) before and after acquisition, as well as whether there is an influence of Debt-Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Current Ratio (CR) and Return On Assets (ROA) on Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) in the Pharmaceutical Industry listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) which carried out acquisitions in 2012-2022. The research method used is a quantitative method based on secondary data and the population of Pharmaceutical Industries registered on the IDX and NSE India, then non-probability sampling - purposive sampling was carried out. Data testing and hypothesis testing were carried out with the help of IBM Statistics SPSS 25, namely the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Kendall's tau test, multiple regression test, t statistical test, and F statistical test. The test results showed that there was a significant difference for the Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Inventory Turnover (ITO), Return On Assets (ROA), and Return On Equity (ROE) between before and after the acquisition, and there is a significant influence of Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Current Ratio (CR), dan Return On Assets (ROA) partially on the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) and there is an influence of the Debt-Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Current Ratio (CR) and Return On Assets (ROA) simultaneously affect the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR).


China and Democracy Sources arid Resources Mireille DelmasMarty and PierreEtienne Will (eds.), La Chine et la democratie, (China and Democracy) Paris, Fayard, 2007, 896 pp.The contributors to La Chine et la democratie, edited by Mireille Delmas-Marty and Pierre-Etienne Will, address the following question: "To what extent does Chinese political culture, in both its historical dimension and in a larger sense Chinese culture in general, contain elements capable of adjusting to the values and practices of modern democratic liberalism offered as an example to China over the past century or more (l)The book, made up of 21 chapters grouped into six sections, takes the reader from the past to the present, with some authors contributing more than one chapter. The chapters by Anne Cheng and Pierre-Etienne Will in the first section, "Tradition and reconstruction," challenge some of the received ideas on China that feed images of the country in the Western imagination. Will retraces contrasting images of China in nineteenth century European authors' worb that oscillate between despotism and democracy, adding nuance to the usual perception that the eighteenth century was characterised by Sinophilia and the nineteenth by Sinophobia. Cheng, for her part, applies a systematic and critical analysis to research trends focused on the idea of "seeds of democracy in Confucian tradition." She traces the origins of these currents, stressing the need for a more specific definition of "Confucianism," which is often used in an essentialist and imprecise way.Will and Jerome Bourgon share the second section, which is devoted to imperial institutions. Will deals with curbs on excessive power under the Ming dynasty, presenting three censorship missions and a case study from Emperor Wan Li's rule. He makes a nuanced analogy with the constitutional control developed in France, and sheds li^it on the normative bases that could invoke censorship in the implementation of control functions. Will aims to establish that several control institutions at the time "functioned quite well alongside the notion of Constitution" as understood today. Bourgon offers a re-examination of many received ideas on China and its supposed ignorance of the notion of "law" as advanced by some European and American Sinologists. He focuses on the principles of legality and rule of law in the context of their importance to the question of democracy. Bourgon notes that China adopted "the first judicial system in the modern sense of the term" back in the third century. He deals with the question of whether China was the originator of the principle of legality of punishment, detailing several elements from the history of Chinese law in a comparative perspective, and he forcefully refutes the idea that China was unaware of rule of law. He concludes with a call for overcoming several epistemological obstacles, such as the concept of "oriental despotism," in order to understand law in imperial China.The third section deals with transitions, with four contributions dealing with law at different stages from the end of Empire to the Republic. Bourgon studies the emergence of the legal profession in the "ancien regime" between 1740 and 1930, and establishes the existence of a veritable epistemic community of jurists toward the end of the imperial era. The Tongzhi restoration marks a turning point in this community's formation. While in the political sphere this period is associated with the last stages of Chinese conservatism, Bourgon shows that it was in fact rich in innovations for the evolution of Chinese law and legal professions, notably in the establishment of magistrates and the Westernisation of China's legal system.Zhang Ning examines the handling of the death penalty, banditry, and special practices, focusing on several penal codes from the late Qing and Republican periods. She stresses the need to understand the drawn-out internal turmoil of China's history over the last 130 years in order to grasp the factors behind the "death penalty culture" associated with China today. …


M JORE THAN any others, two questions dominate the study of international organization. First, are nations now effectively organized for survival? Second, if not, are they moving in that direction? There is hardly room for controversy, in my view, in answering the first question. Every nation-state is, of course, organized for its own security. Since nation-states themselves cannot prevent international war, and since another international war may bring total ruin to those who fight it, nations are obviously not independently organized for survival. The principal international security organization is the United Nations, and it must be acknowledged at the outset that the UN, as a league of sovereign states, cannot prevent war between the major powers. The UN is many things a promoter of economic and social health, a symbol of transnational loyalties, a midwife at the birth of new political orders but it is not an organization for survival. In this world nations still depend for survival, however foolishly, on their own arms and the arms and bases of allies, not on Dag Hammarskjold and the five thousand members of his secretariat. At best, the UN is a device for facilitating a lessening of tension among nations; at worst, another instrument through which nations wage international politics. Only one kind of transnational organization can give the nations a reasonable assurance of survival, and that is a world federal government. Now for the second question: Are the nations presently moving in the direction of organization for survival? In short, is the UN a step toward world government and does each day bring us closer to the goal? The answer to this question depends upon one's reading of history as well as on an interpretation of current affairs. It depends upon what the process of political integration really is and has been. Specifically, under what conditions and compulsions have many governments combined to establish a common government in pursuit of common goals? The answer to this last question is not clear-cut because the historical evidence itself is ambiguous. We know that certain factors must underlie political integration whether established through consent (federalism) or wrought by force (imperialism). New symbols must emerge; an elite or leading group is necessary; a certain amount of loyalty to or at least acquiescence in the new and larger political institutions must be forthcoming. How much loyalty and symbolic leadership? How large an elite? It is impossible to say.


This study examines the influence of (1) Gender; (2) Cumulative Grade Point Average(CGPA); (3) Level of English; (4) Parent's educational background; (5) Availability of
study grant; (6) Personal attributes and (7) Students' perception on the Diploma in Accounting (DIA) students' decision to pursue professional accounting programmes.
Based on a survey of 66 graduating students of part 6, 7 & 8, the findings reveal that CGPA and the availability of study grant are the two main variables found to be significant in influencing the DIA students' decision to pursue professional accounting programmes. The results would be useful to the Faculty of Accountancy of UiTM to
formulate the appropriate strategy to improve the CGPA achievement and to have a clear cut policy on financial supports.


The design, operation, efficiency, and economics of a dual-purpose power plant for producing 21,000 kW of electroc power and 180,000 lb/h of steam at a Merck and Co. biogum products plant in California are discussed. (LCL)


As a auxiliary decision tool serving for decision-makers and managers,the software of Shenzhen Bao'an water resource planning and decision support system is made up of operator and computer interaction,database system and model system,combined with C/S and B/S.And the operator and computer operation includes two modes: C/S and B/S,which are based on GIS;while the database adopts SQL Sever 2000 and the model system comprises of runoff model,water-needed model,and optimized distribution model.This system has the functions of operator and computer operation,timely information support,and model support decision.It is also highlighted as practical,flexible and maneuverable.Therefore,it is valuable to put it into practice.


According to skin specialist, skin texture has close relation to an individual's health, hormones, hydration, and allergic symptoms. So by procuring one's image texture sample and exposing it to the imaging device we can identify the skin health. Texture analysis is an important tool to analyze the skin texture. The existing means of skin analysis is applicable only for isotropic images. Isotropic images are the ones which is identical in all dimensions. The proposed work includes capturing a skin image and getting its type as output. The steps followed for implementing the proposed work includes acquisition of the skin images then preprocessing them to convert into gray scale and then obtaining various features like mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis using Law's filter and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature extraction techniques. After obtaining these features, they are given as input to classifier like Artificial Neutral Network (ANN). The input image set used is of 197 images grouped into training and testing set. The skin images were gathered from various areas of Pune, India and were rated as normal, good or bad skin from a standard dermatologist in the range of 1 to 10. The training phase consists of 70% of the total images and it was tested using remaining 30% images. The accuracy of classifying the images into bad, normal and good skin is observed to be around 99.38%.


ABSTRACT We demonstrate a collaborative visualisation framework using a traditional desktop-based setup together with a virtual reality-based system for the analysis of rich X-Ray Computed Tomography Data (XCT) from composite materials. The framework supports experts in the time-consuming and cognitively demanding task of analysing objects, in particular, curved fibres and pores, along with their characteristics, such as length, orientation, or shape. Our framework employs visualisation methods in virtual reality focusing on a detailed spatial impression, combined with desktop-based methods on a large-screen multi-touch display focusing on analysing characteristics and their distributions. We provide two case studies on fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) datasets, showcasing the potential of our framework. One case study analyses a FRP containing short, strongly curved polyethylene terephthalate fibres. A second study explores small elliptic pores inside a carbon FRP dataset. Our preliminary results show that the addition of virtual reality to the classical desktop-based workflow can enhance the spatial understanding of the dataset, encourage collaboration, as well as foster engagement with the data.


To the Editor.— The EDITORIAL by Hugh H. Hussey, MD, ("The Cause of Death") (229:75, 1974) would have benefited greatly from the editorial by Samuel Vaisrub, MD, ("The Whole Truth") sharing the same page, had Dr. Hussey enjoyed a bit of prerecognition. Dr. Hussey notes correctly that the true cause of death is not to be found on the official death certificate. However, he does not give us the whole truth. In his first illustrative case, a 65-year-old woman, on a day when rain was freezing on the pavement, slipped and broke her right hip. The fracture was treated promptly and acceptably, but on the eighth hospital day she was observed by her roommate to be gasping for breath. Five minutes later she died. Permission for a postmortem examination was denied, and the attending physician listed pulmonary embolism as the prime cause of death. The editorial suggested that the true


We show that if X is a Banach space without cotype, then every locally finite metric space embeds metrically into X.


Anthropomorphic Technology (AT) is technology that is human-like in design and motivates anthropomorphism. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human-like characteristics to nonhuman objects. Extant research informs user responses of familiarity and acceptance to AT, but also withdrawal from and rejection of AT. There is little integration of research on this topic. We examine and synthesize studies on user responses to AT published in leading IS journals. We identify kinds of anthropomorphic design and dimensions, and find that although most research demonstrates a positive influence of human-like design on user response, many factors can moderate this effect. We recognize these factors and propose directions for future research.


The title isatin thiosemicarbazone derivative is an intermediate in the synthetic pathway of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. A molecular docking evaluation of the title compound with the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDR) enzyme was carried out.


Quantum dots (QDs) are expected to be applied to emitting materials used in wide-color-gamut displays. However, the development of low-toxic alternatives is necessary because QDs that exhibit high color purity and highly efficient emission contain toxic materials such as Cd. In the present study, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) prepared using ZnInP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs as InP-based QDs were fabricated, and their electroluminescence (EL) properties were investigated. The synthesized QD dispersion showed a green photoluminescence (PL) spectrum with a peak wavelength of 509 nm, a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 41 nm, and a PL quantum yield of 59.8%. Tris[2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]borane (3TPYMB), which is an electron-transporting material (ETM), was added to the emitting layer (EML) of the QD-LEDs. The QDs and the ETM were nonuniformly deposited, the density of QDs in the EML was reduced, and the process of injecting electrons and holes into the QDs was changed. 3TPYMB assisted in recombination in the QDs because the electron injection barrier from 3TPYMB to the QDs was sufficiently small and because the deep highest occupied molecular orbital level effectively blocked holes. As a result, the external quantum efficiency was improved from 0.24% to 1.01%, and stable EL spectra with a peak wavelength of 522 nm and an FWHM of 46 nm, similar to the PL spectrum of the QD film, were obtained without being dependent on luminance. A bright and stable green EL emission was achieved with an InP-based QD-LED blended with 3TPYMB.


The single-particle excitations which control the opening of the pseudogap in the cuprate superconductors at some temperature ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ are considered to derive their specific local spectral features from resonant pairing, whereby charge carriers get momentarily trapped on dynamically deformable molecular Cu-O-Cu clusters. We show how such local excitations evolve into overdamped modes with a characteristic ``S''-like dispersion around the Fermi energy, as one passes below ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$. This feature should be detectable in a ``momentum distribution curve'' angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy analysis and help to elucidate the kind of pairing in the cuprates. Our study is based on a generic boson-fermion model for resonant pairing and is an extension of our previous dynamical mean-field theory study [A. Romano and J. Ranninger, Phys. Rev. B 62, 4066 (2000)] of the spectral properties of the pseudogap state.


A novel, low-cost method for the preparation of not easily accessible free 3-aminoindoles has been developed. This approach is based on a well-established reaction between indoles and nitrostyrene in the presence of phosphorous acid, which results in the formation of 4′-phenyl-4′H-spiro[indole-3,5′-isoxazoles]. The latter could be transformed to corresponding aminated indoles by reaction with hydrazine hydrate in good or excellent yields upon microwave-assisted heating.


FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: steel material with Mg-based alloy coating is obtained by hot dipping and contains Zn of 15 atomic % to less than 45 atomic %; at that, coating layers can also contain one or several elements chosen from group A: Si, Ti, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo and Ag, amounting to 0.03 - 5 atomic %. Coating layer of Mg-based alloy, which is obtained by hot dipping, can also contain Zn of 15 atomic % or more, Mg of more than 35 atomic %, and one or several elements chosen from group B: Al, Ca, Y and La amounting to 0.03 - 15 atomic %. Also, coating layer of Mg-based alloy can contain amorphous phase in quantity of 5 vol. %. EFFECT: steel material with coating of Mg-based alloy complying with this invention has particular adhesion and high corrosion resistance. 20 cl, 27 dwg, 9 tbl, 2 ex


Cotton is one of the most important economic crops worldwide. As the global demands rising, cotton yield improvement is the most important goal of cotton breeding. Hybrids have great potential for increasing yield, however, the genetic mechanism of hybrids is still not clear. To investigate the genetic basis of cotton hybrids, we resequenced 9053 and sGK9708 with 62.13x coverage depth, the parents of the elite hybrid cotton CCRI63 that has obvious heterosis in lint percentage (LP) and boll weight (BW). Based on the cotton reference genome (TM-1), 1,287,661 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 152,479 insertions/deletions (InDels) were identified in 9053, and 1,482,784 SNPs and 152,985 InDels in sGK9708. Among them, 8649 SNPs and 629 InDels in the gene coding regions showed polymorphism between parents. Moreover, these variations involved 5092 genes, and 3835 of these genes were divided into 10 clusters based on the gene expression profiles. The genes in Cluster 3 and 7 were specifically expressed in the ovule and fiber development stage, suggesting that they might relate to LP and BW. We further co-localized the polymorphic SNPs and InDels with the reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of LP and BW, and identified 68 genes containing the polymorphic SNPs or InDels within these QTL intervals and as being related to fiber development. This suggested that the outstanding traits of CCRI63 such as LP and BW might be generated by accumulating the favorable variations from the parents. The results generated herein provide a genetic basis for cotton hybrids and genetic markers for marker-assisted selection breeding of cotton.


Although clinical use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in its traditional sense — using "bottle" technology — in Turkey dates back to the 1960s, first attempts at the clinical use of contemporary PD technology — using PD bags — started less than a decade after its introduction worldwide (1,2). During the 1980s, modern PD, mostly in the form of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD), has been routine only in a limited number of centers due mainly to lack of continuous flow of PD hardware, such as catheters and PD bags, from abroad. During the early 1990s, however, boosted by the start of domestic production of PD bags in 1994, PD had a better environment for its organizational progress and also its sustainable growth as a treatment option for end-stage kidney disease. In 1995, total patient numbers treated with PD in Turkey reached 1030 and that number doubled to 2138 by the year of 2000, reaching 5750 in 2007. In harmony with the increase in the PD patient population and active PD centers, during the second half of the 1990s and the early 2000s, individual and single center-based research activities among Turkish PD centers grew impressively. That fact is best reflected by the number of annual international PD publications originating from Turkey: 4 publications in 1997, 33 in 2002, and 53 in 2007 (3). Therefore, in recognition of the need for an organization that would provide institutional support for larger, multicenter, clinical research studies, the Turkish Multicenter Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group (TULIP) was founded in September 1998. TULIP is a nationwide multicenter PD study group formed by the collaboration of 11 leading university-based PD centers in Turkey (Table 1). TULIP members were selected in consideration of both geographical distribution and the size of their PD patient population. In our first meeting, Dr. Fehmi Akçiçek was elected the first Chairman of TULIP for a term of 2 years and TULIP's leading aims were established:


Introduction Aging population has recently become an issue attracting guidance and counselling attention in both developed and developing countries of the world. This is as a result of the dramatic increase in the number of the aged within the population (United Nations, 2005). Globally, the number of people aged within 60 years and above was approximately 280 million in 2005, accounting for 7% of the global population (U.S. Bureau of Census, 2008). World Health Journal of Guidance and Counselling Studies


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the channels companies use to communicate their corporate social responsibility (CSR) messages and to test the effectiveness of those channels – specifically, press releases, corporate websites, CSR reports, corporate Facebook pages, and TV advertising – on forming companies' CSR reputations.

Design/methodology/approach

The two primary methods used in this study were secondary analysis of existing data and content analysis. The study sample was the 101 companies in the Reputation Institute's 2014 CSR ranking of the 100 most highly regarded companies (two companies were tied) across 15 countries.

Findings

Corporate websites and CSR reports were the most common channels for CSR communications, but press releases – through their impact on news articles – and general corporate Facebook pages were the only effective channels in forming CSR reputation.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of various CSR communication channels; it not only focuses on CSR reputation, a specific aspect of corporate reputation which has not been studied in this context before, but also examines several different channels simultaneously, in contrast to previous studies which have only investigated one or two channels at a time.


Abuse and misuse of prescription opioids has became a social crisis in the United States, such that overdose deaths from prescription opioids (including nonmethadone synthetics) have gone up in the past fifteen years to about 20,000 in 2015 [1]. In response to this, nonpharmacological treatments, including acupuncture, for pain management have been strongly suggested by different national authorities, such as the FDA and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [1,2].


A facile enzymatic synthesis approach to prepare novel ester of ferulic acid through the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction of ethyl ferulate (EF) with tributyrin (TB) was investigated. The 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and EI-MS analysis confirmed the formation of the end product, namely 1(3)-feruloyl-dibutyryl-glycerol (FDB). The influences of different enzyme source, enzyme loading, and water activity on the conversion yield were analyzed systematically. Under the optimal conditions, the total conversion of FDB achieved was 83.6%. There was no evident loss in lipase activity and stability after being repeatedly used for 14 runs. The study of radical scavenging activity of feruloylated structured lipids, with over 90% of radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH-) scavenging, was found to be higher than ferulic acid.


It is shown from the hydrodynamic equations that the 4 x 10/sup 6/ deg K temperatures observed in the solar corona after a large solar flare can produce a hydrodynamic blast wave, moving out through interplanetary space with velocities of 1500 km/sec and densities from a few times 102 to 105/cm/sup 3/ at the orbit of earth. It is suggested that this hydrodynamic explosion of the enhanced corona is the accelerating mechanism for the plasma clouds or enhanced solar corpuscular emission responsible for the geomagnetic storm, the cosmic-ray decrease, the low-latitude aurorae, etc., observed at earth a day or two following large solar flares on the visible hemisphere of the sue. The interplanetary magnetic field is computed in the blast wave, assuming an initial quiet-day solar wind of a few hundred km/sec ahead of the wave. The spiral field of the quiet-day wind is sheared by the blast wave, and its density, of the order of initial quiet-day solar wind of a few hundred km/sec ahead of the wave. The spiral field of the quiet-day wind is sheared by the blast wave, and its density, of the order of 2 x 10/sup -5/ gauss at the orbit of earth, maymore » be increased to 5 x 10/sup -4/ gauss or more for a period of several hours. The effect of the outward-sweeping magnetic shear in the blast wave is to decrease the cosmic-ray intensity, by as much as 40%, in the inner solar system behind the blast wave. The onset of the decrease has a characteristic time of several hours, and the relaxation many hours or days. The energy dependence of the decrease may go inversely with particle rigidity, or it may be flatter, depending on the details of the magnetic configuration in and around the blast wave. Thus the cosmic-ray decrease produced by the blast wave is identical with the Forbush-type cosmic-ray decrease observed in association with enhanced solar corpuscular radiation. (auth)« less


The study aimed to compare potential differences in trajectory of depressive symptoms improvement between patients receiving attribution retraining group therapy (ARGT) and those undergoing first-line depression medication in clinical care. Participants were randomly assigned to ARGT (n = 63) and medication (n = 66) group. Patients in ARGT group received group therapy one session a week for 8 weeks, while patients in medication group took medication normally. Hamilton Depression Scale was measured for all participants at 5 sequential time points during the process. A mixed-effects linear model over 5 time points showed no significant differences between two treatments in the total depression scores. Both medication and ARGT had effectively reduced depressive symptoms. However, the pattern of symptoms improvement differed. In detail, ARGT preferentially targeted cognitive disturbance, retardation and hopelessness, while medication preferentially targeted factors related to diurnal variation, moreover, for ARGT, the pattern was weight and diurnal variation (week 2), sleep disturbance (week 4), anxiety, cognition disturbance, retardation and hopelessness (week 6), for medication, was sleep disturbance, anxiety, weight, and diurnal variation (week 2) cognition disturbance, retardation, hopelessness (week 8). The current finding showed ARGT reduced the depressive symptom and improved well-being in a different way, which may further benefit the advancement of precise treatment.


The article focuses on the plea in mitigation, one of the most common occurrences in the criminal justice system. Methods of approaching the plea in mitigation typically emphasize the need for the advocate to address the circumstances of the offence and offender. Typically, such matters are put forward as items on a list which the advocate must ensure are addressed during the plea in mitigation. Whilst it is important for those matters to be covered in providing the factual background, or context, of the offender and the offence, it is contended that in a plea in mitigation it is not sufficient nor adequate to simply present such matters to a judicial officer at sentencing and to allow those matters then to be assembled and interpreted by the sentencing judge.


Botanical polysaccharides extracted from various plant species are natural substances which exhibit diverse biological activities. Their ability to modulate innate immunity, especially the macrophage functions are believed to mediate their effects on the animal immune systems. In this review, the current status and the understanding of the macrophage immunomodulatory activity of botanical polysaccharides isolated from a wide array of different plant species will be summarized. Botanical polysaccharides can bind to the surface receptors of macrophages and then initiate different signaling pathways, resulting in a number of biological activities. The primary effect of botanical polysaccharides is to enhance and/or activate macrophage immune responses, including increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhancing the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The in-depth research of the botanical polysaccharides will provide an unique opportunity for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents and adjuvant, and significantly promote the exploit of their therapeutic potentials.


An experimental investigation was made of the interaction of radiation pulses from a Q-switched neodymium glass laser with water vapor. Pulse-like increase in the transparency of the vapor was observed at the wavelength of probe radiation in the range 185?187 nm; this increase in the transparency increased on increase in the energy of the interacting pulses. The effect was clearly due to two-stage photodissociation of the water vapor molecules in the region of intersection of the interacting and probe radiations.


An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) on storage life and quality attributes of fresh strawberries. Fully ripe 'Camarossa' fruits were treated with 1-MCP at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 μl L -1 for 16h at 5°C. They were then kept individually in plastic boxes for 4 weeks in the dark at 1°C and ca. 95% relative humidity. I-MCP treatment at a concentration of 0.75 μl L -1 tended to maintain strawberry fruit firmness (8.4 N) and color (hue angle) after 27 days storage at 1°C. Decay development was also lowered in fruit treated with 1-MCP, compared to the control. Vitamin C, total soluble solid (TSS) and total acid (TA) was superior in fruits treated with 1-MCP. 1-MCP treated fruits were more acceptable owing to their better appearance. Based on the results, for 'Camarossa' the best results were found with 1 μl L -1 of 1-MCP in respect of prolonging storage life (27 days).


Abstract : The author examines funding trends in the Air Force technology and test base under the current DoD 'uniform funding policy' and concludes that the policy intended to encourage efficiency and full utilization of in-house test capability in support of weapons development has had the opposite effect. He postulates the several dilemmas that confront test facility managers and test users, namely, The Reimbursement Dilemma, The Facilities Utilization Dilemma, The Operating Budget Dilemma and The Investment Dilemma and their impact on testing high technology systems and on maintaining the capability to test. He theorizes that the 'uniform Funding policy' has given rise to a 'marketplace mentality' which has affected the way the Air Force allocates resources to the technology and test areas. He offers three suggestions to change this perception and to insure that we preserve the technological advantage that underpins our national defense strategy.


Abstract A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna using embedded E-shaped structure with wireless local area network (WLAN) band-rejection is presented. The introduction of this E-shaped structure working as the radiator can enhance the impedance bandwidth of the UWB antenna without increasing the overall size. For preventing the interference from WLAN system, a pair of L-shaped stubs are connected to the ground of UWB antenna to create the rejected band. The center frequency of this rejected band is about 5.5 GHz with the rejection range of 5.2~5.8 GHz. Good agreement can be observed between the simulated and measured results.


Background
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a complication that results from solid tumor metastasis. Prognosis is extremely poor. As therapeutic options for solid tumors improve, the rate of LMD continues to increase. Until recently, treatment has been limited to radiation therapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy, with an overall survival of 2-3 months. Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapies are promising new options for increasing overall survival and clinical improvement; however, optimal clinical management remains unknown.

Methods
In this review, we discuss targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy treatment options for LMD resulting from primary lung, breast, and melanoma tumors. In addition, we summarize dosing strategies, overall survival, clinical outcomes, and novel approaches to treatment.

Results
Our review indicates a deficiency in the current literature. Presently, intrathecal trastuzumab administration may be an effective option for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. BRAF inhibitors and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 targets have shown promising results in LMD resulting from melanoma. Finally, tyrosine kinase inhibitors may increase overall survival in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Pulsatile drug administration or dual therapy may be beneficial for patients who progress to LMD while being treated with EGFR targets for their primary malignancy.

Conclusion
Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy in LMD may provide favorable treatment options. Current literature is lacking in safety, efficacy, and overall response rates from the use of targeted therapy. Research is needed to draw significant conclusions about the most appropriate therapy for patients with LMD.


The key frame extraction is vital for automatic segmentation of video; the standard of extracted key frame directly affects the final result. Based on the analysis and research about project video, the paper proposes template matching, histogram comparison, the key frame detection and key frame recognition algorithm, and for the recognition accuracy and recognition rate of template matching and histogram comparison, the paper also does the comparison. In the recognition, the key frames adopted a new character segmentation algorithm. Finally, the paper summarizes the advantages of this method and good results have been achieved.


The human fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system. One of the major characteristics of cryptococcal disease is the ability of the pathogen to parasitise upon phagocytic effector cells. Cryptococcus can survive and proliferate within macrophages, and is also capable of escaping into the intracellular environment via a non-lytic mechanism ('expulsion') and can be transferred directly from one cell to another (lateral transfer). In the first part of this thesis, I demonstrate that enhanced Th2, but not Th1, cytokine levels lead to increased intracellular cryptococcal proliferation but lower levels of cryptococcal expulsion. In the second part, I describe the generation and characterisation of GFP-expressing derivates of two widely used cryptococcal strains: C. neoformans serotype A type strain H99 and C. gattii serotype B type strain R265. Furthermore, I have developed a method to effectively and rapidly investigate macrophage parasitism by flow cytometry that preserves the accuracy of current approaches but offers a four-fold improvement in speed. The final part dissects the regulation and induction of mitochondrial tubularisation in hypervirulent C. gattii strains and describes the first steps towards a comparative mitochondrial genome sequencing approach to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.


The eminent British mathematician J. E. Littlewood once invented a cipher that he claimed was unbreakable. Here I dispute this claim.


It was recently demonstrated that asymmetric dark matter can ignite supernovae by collecting and collapsing inside lone sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, and that this may be the cause of Type Ia supernovae. A ball of asymmetric dark matter accumulated inside a white dwarf and collapsing under its own weight, sheds enough gravitational potential energy through scattering with nuclei, to spark the fusion reactions that precede a Type Ia supernova explosion. In this article we elaborate on this mechanism and use it to place new bounds on interactions between nucleons and asymmetric dark matter for masses $m_{X} = 10^{6}-10^{16}$ GeV. Interestingly, we find that for dark matter more massive than $10^{11}$ GeV, Type Ia supernova ignition can proceed through the Hawking evaporation of a small black hole formed by the collapsed dark matter. We also identify how a cold white dwarf's Coulomb crystal structure substantially suppresses dark matter-nuclear scattering at low momentum transfers, which is crucial for calculating the time it takes dark matter to form a black hole. Higgs and vector portal dark matter models that ignite Type Ia supernovae are explored.


[1] Wood,V., Gwilliam, R., Rajandream, M.A., Lyne, M. et al.,The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 2002, 415, 871–880. [2] Bähler, J., Wu, J. Q., Longtine, M. S., Shah, N. G. et al., Heterologous modules for efficient and versatile PCR-based gene targeting in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 1998, 14, 943–951. [3] Basi, G., Schmid, E., Maundrell, K., TATA box mutations in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe nmt1 promoter affect transcription efficiency but not the transcription start point or thiamine repressibility. Gene 1993, 123, 131–136. [4] Watt, S., Mata, J., Lopez-Maury, L., Marguerat, S. et al., urg1: A uracil-regulatable promoter system for fission yeast with short induction and repression times. PLoS ONE 2008, 3, e1428. [5] Maundrell, K., nmt1 of fission yeast. A highly transcribed gene completely repressed by thiamine. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265, 10857–10864. [6] Tommasino, M., Maundrell, K., Uptake of thiamine by Schizosaccharomyces pombe and its effect as a transcriptional regulator of thiamine-sensitive genes. Curr. Genet. 1991, 20, 63–66. [7] Hopp,T. P., Prickett, K. S., Price,V. L., Libby, R.T. et al.,A short polypeptide marker sequence useful for recombinant protein identification and purification. Biol. Technol. 1988, 6, 1204–1210. [8] Huang,Y., Hamada, M., Patel, J., Maraia, R. J., Construction of FLAG and histidine tagging vectors for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2001, 18, 463–468. [9] Krawchuk, M. D., Wahls, W. P., High-efficiency gene targeting in Schizosaccharomyces pombe using a modular, PCRbased approach with long tracts of flanking homology. Yeast 1999, 15, 1419–1427. [10] Hentges, P.,Van Driessche, B.,Tafforeau, L.,Vandenhaute, J., Carr,A. M.,Three novel antibiotic marker cassettes for gene disruption and marker switching in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2005, 22, 1013–1019. [11] Sato, M., Dhut, S., Toda, T., New drug-resistant cassettes for gene disruption and epitope tagging in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2005, 22, 583–591. [12] Alfa, C., Fantes, P., Hyams, J., McLeod, M., and Warbrick, E., Experiments with Fission Yeast, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor 1993. [13] Moreno, S., Klar, A., Nurse, P., Molecular genetic analysis of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Methods Enzymol. 1991, 194, 795–823. [14] Noguchi, E., Noguchi, C., McDonald, W. H., Yates, J. R. 3rd, Russell, P., Swi1 and Swi3 are components of a replication fork protection complex in fission yeast. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004, 24, 8342–8355. [15] Ogawa,Y.,Takahashi,T., Masukata, H.,Association of fission yeast Orp1 and Mcm6 proteins with chromosomal replication origins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999, 19, 7228–7236. [16] Noguchi, C., Noguchi, E., Sap1 promotes the association of the replication fork protection complex with chromatin and is involved in the replication checkpoint in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 2007, 175, 553–566. [17] Goldstein, A. L., McCusker, J. H., Three new dominant drug resistance cassettes for gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1999, 15, 1541–1553. [18] Johansson, B., Hahn-Hagerdal, B., Overproduction of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes using a new CRE-loxP expression vector for repeated genomic integration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2002, 19, 225–231.


[1] The spatial and temporal variations of oceanic new primary production have a crucial importance for the study of biogeochemical fluxes in the ocean; however, they have been poorly documented. In this paper, we propose a revision of the "shift-up" new production model developed for upwelling areas by Dugdale et al. (1989), and later adapted by Kudela and Dugdale (1996), using ocean color and sea surface temperature satellite data as inputs. The major improvement of the model is that the estimation of nitrogen uptake rates takes into account the phytoplankton community size structure, estimated for each pixel using the method of Uitz et al. (2006). Appropriate physiological parameters are then used for each size class. This revised model has been applied to Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer data acquired over the year 2003, using the Benguela upwelling area as a test site. The combination of the new production model with a total production model allows the seasonal variations of new and total productions (including the respective contributions of the three size classes) to be estimated and compared. Even though microphytoplankton are generally considered to be responsible for new production, our results show that the contribution of small cells should not be overlooked in the upwelling-affected areas.


Looks at the opportunities the Forest School experience can offer young children for learning outdoors and how this fits into the early years curriculum. Offers guidance on what the Forest School approach can achieve and shows how to incorporate good practice into all outdoor play activities.


In this paper a domestic large mine buried depth,high,high stress big cross section and characteristics,the use of the theory analysis and numerical calculation method of combining the analysis the mine auxiliary shaft ma3 tou2 door the stability of surrounding rocks condition,through the research to determine the pier near the door rock destruction area and discharging pressure with distribution,and accordingly determine a horse surrounding rock near the door reinforcing supporting range(i.e.not stable area),the proposal is in danger areas are "anchor + nets + steel beam with" combined support,and even support used during application.


I recently came across the work of Dr Richard Asher who described Munchausen's syndrome. He was a giant of his time, a well-known English physician of the 1930–1960s who wrote broadly on various topics that intersected with clinical medicine. He gave a lecture to the University College Hospital Medical Society in 1948, entitled the Seven Sins of Medicine, subsequently published in the Lancet. Acknowledging that there is an 'unlimited number of medical sins' he chose to highlight seven, likely as a literary nod to the Catholic Church's seven deadly sins or seven cardinal sins. While the western world is likely far more secular these days, I thought it might be relevant to look at these 'sins' 70 years on and see how they stand up in current times. Asher chose obscurity, cruelty, bad manners, over-specialisation, love of the rare, stupidity and sloth. The lecture was addressed to students, but I suspect the paper published in the Lancet addressed a wider audience, as, in some sense, we are all students, or should be, throughout our careers. I will present each sin, paraphrase Asher and offer my modern interpretation. I will follow Asher's order of sins, although mine would be different; I would order them in terms of capacity to do harm. Come, stand with me on the shoulders of this giant.


10 Particles generated by spray flame synthesis (SFS) can exhibit impurities, with surface adsorbates and soot being the best-known examples. Unfortunately, the extent to which the formation of these impurities can be characterized, and how their formation can be avoided is not fully understood yet. In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of carbonaceous impurities, we investigated their formation using a standardized burner type (SpraySyn burner) while synthesizing maghemite by the gas-to-particle conversion. Two approaches were followed to characterize the formation of 15 soot and surface adsorbates in this paper. Firstly, fabricated powders were analyzed by complementary powder analysis. In this term, the detection of soot was negative, but powders contained carboxylates and carbonates, which were bound to particle surfaces. The methodological procedure used allowed a reliable quantification of those adsorbates, and it was possible to normalize their relative mass fractions (up to ~16%) to the powders' respective specific surface areas. The normalization approach yielded a surface loading values of 0.84-0.85 mg m -2 . The methodical procedure and the data provided can be used 20 in the future to denote/compare SFS materials in sensitivity studies. Secondly, particles were thermophoretically extracted from the process in situ and subsequently characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TS-TEM). Interestingly, particles extracted at 5 cm height above the burner (HAB) (representing the center of the visible flame) showed amorphous core-shell structures and amorphous aggregates, indicating a coexistence of soot alongside maghemite particles. Via reducing the sampling time of the TS system to 1.5 ms samples were taken either from flame pulses (a state of high flame activity) or from 25 flame flickering (lower flame activity). A comparison of these samples showed that heterogeneous particle structures formed predominantly in flame pulses. As samples extracted at 15 cm HAB neither showed amorphous coating nor amorphous aggregates, it was indicated that soot fractions oxidize between 5 and 15 cm HAB.


Introduction to Symposium on Keith J. Bybee's All Judges Are Political—Except When They Are Not 190 Helena Silverstein Principles, Passions, and the Paradox of Modern Law: A Comment on Bybee 196 Patricia Ewick Outing Courtesy: The Role of Rude Dissent in Rule of Law Systems 206 Susan Burgess All Judges Are Political—Except When They Are Not: A Response 215 Keith J. Bybee Realizing the Rights Revolution: Litigation and the American State 222 Sarah Staszak


In order to improve wear resistance and friction reduction property of cylinder liner/piston ring of diesel engines,9 pairs of friction pairs of cylinder liner and piston ring after surface strengthening are composed in this paper.After the compare of friction coefficient,width of polishing scratch and weightlessness,the best partner adaptability is CrTiAlN-faced gas rings/laser-quenching and Ion-sulphidized cylinder liner.


Normally, in the helium Refrigerator/liquefier, to avoid high expansion ratio through the turbines, two turbines are used with series hydraulic connection, so that intermediate pressure is about 6 bar, while the helium inlet pressure to the 1st warmer turbine is about 13.5 bar. Before passing through the 2nd turbine, this medium pressure stream is also further cooled to about 15 K from ∼27 K along with the hot high pressure helium stream of the same temperature range. 3-stream with counter-flow configuration type compact vacuum-brazed aluminium plate-fin heat exchanger is used for this purpose. Serrated type fins of thickness 0.2 mm have been used. Effects of fin parameters on the required size of the exchanger and pressure drop are analysed and considering manufacturing feasibilities, optimum parameters have been chosen. This paper will discuss details of these methods and results.


IntroductionIn the near future the Russian Federation has to undergo major sporting events: the World Cup, Winter Universiade, etc. It is known that such significant sporting events can't be carried out without the active participation of thousands of volunteers. Some of the aspects of volunteers such as hospitality to the guests, well-organized and professional work are believed to have a significant impact on the success rate of those or other sporting events. M.K. Sanina considers that the multinational blend of the participants in international sporting events reveals the volunteers certain ethnic and cultural complex knowledge of cultural and sports orientation, skills and communication skills and cross-cultural cooperation, contributing to the effective implementation of voluntary activity [13].At the same time individuals who want to work as volunteers in sports competitions are expected to be stress-resistant, to have enough physical fitness and knowledge of the rules for a particular sports competition. It is also necessary for them to speak a foreign language, mostly English, fluently [15]. To meet these requirements, people engaged in volunteer activities at a sporting event, have to obtain necessary skills and corresponding training. It is not always possible to achieve in terms of organization of major international competitions, when a great number of volunteers is required for successful organizing an event.Thus, according to A.S. Makhova the level of training of a significant part of sports volunteers in Russia remains insufficient for the effective implementation of the activities assigned to them, and there are no general rules for training volunteers to significant sports competitions. [6] It is known that, in spite of a distinct nature of selfless volunteer work of volunteers has all the features of professional work, therefore, the training of volunteers should be carried out in accordance with evidence-based algorithms [5].Due to the fact that in developed countries the majority of volunteers are students from various universities, which fact is indicated by K. Smith [14], it would be reasonable to carry out goal-oriented volunteering training in sports among this category of the population. Studies have revealed that in Russia, modern students consider volunteer activities as an important means of formation of common cultural competencies that is considered to be necessary for further life-sustaining activity [2]. In other countries, the opportunity to make new social contacts and acquaintances seems to be of prime motivation while doing volunteer activities [4]. Young people believe that volunteering will help them to interact more effectively in relationships with other people [8].The majority of students in our country and abroad considers volunteering as important and meaningful to themselves and society, and tend to make applies for participation in the organization and holding of major sporting events as volunteers in various fields, including sports. At the same time N. V. Macovei argues that the problem of training students of Higher educational institutions in volunteer activities has been the subject of comprehensive scientific research in our country. The author believes that there is a serious contradiction between the necessity for making a system of training for volunteer activities and the insufficient provision of pedagogical environment of the University, as both serious theoretical research and significant practical recommendations [7]. The lack of serious scientific analysis of volunteer activities in the field of sports activities has been pointed by foreign scientists, in particular T. Baum [1]. The fact that effective management of a large number of people recruited as volunteers for sports competitions, could be a serious problem for student sports management organizations has been considered by D. Pierce [11].To solve such problems in many Western universities professional student organizations have been formed. …


Through a self-developed pipeline test,the critical conditions of jam and re-initiation of coarse particle motion in pipelines of a deep-sea mining vertical riser with different particle sizes,heights of jam,and average flow velocities were investigated.The results are as follows:(a) the particle size and the height of the jam have a significant effect on the relationship between the pressure gradient and average flow velocity;(b) when the relationship between the pressure gradient and average flow velocity is linear,the pipeline is jammed,and if it is nonlinear,the particle motion can be re-initiated;and(c) a critical condition formula was developed and verified by experimental data,and it met accuracy requirements.


The properties of compensating centres in Ca2+ substituted yttrium iron garnet Ca,Y,.xFe,0,2, 0 5 x I 0.39, have been investigated using magnetooptical spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. The Faraday rotation and MCD were measured in the spectral range from 0.5 to 2.5 eV and at temperatures from 6 to 380 K. Different centres were detected and the effects of their localization at low temperatures are discussed. The Faraday rotation (FR) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) provide a sensitive tool for investigation of properties of compensating centres in iron garnets doped with divalent CaZ+ ions. In particular, two distinct types of centres were resolved in Ca:YIG which differ in spectral behaviour of the magnetooptical (MO) effects [I]. In this paper we present the first results of MO studies of highly doped and partly compensated Ca:YIG at liquid helium temperatures. We concentrate here on the properties of 'type 11' centres, the results on 'type I' centres were published elsewhere [2j. A series of liquid phase epitaxial films C%Y,.,Fe,O,,, 0 < x < 0.39, were isothermally grown from PbO-Bz03 flux on (1 11) and (001) oriented GGG substrates at temperatures between 880 and 960°C. The composition of samples was determined by electron probe microanalysis and their thickness by spectroscopic interferometry. The FR and MCD were measured in the spectral range from 0.5 to 2.2 pm (0.55 to 2.5 eV) and at temperatures from 6 to 380 K. The magnetization measurements were performed on the SQUID magnetometer in the temperature range from 3 to 300 K. The basic properties of samples here reported are summarized in the Table 1. The Ca2+ doping induces broad spectral bands in the near infrared and visible ranges of both the MCD and FR spectra, Fig. 1. The shape of this induced structure is dependent on the type of compensating centre involved. In particular, type I centres induce absorption-like bands in the MCD spectrum with maxima near 0.78 and 1.39 eV and with zero-crossing points at 1.08 and 1.5 eV [2]. On the contrary, type I1 centres induce bands of different shape with maxima near 1.2 and 1.6 eV and being zero at 1.4 and below 0.8 eV, cf. [I]. This unique property makes possible to determine unambiguously the presence of individual types of centres and to determine their relative concentration simply by measuring the MCD at a suitable wavelength. Similar considerations based on the FR spectra are not so straight-lined in view of dispersion nature of the latter effect. In this respect the spectra in Fig. 1 sustain that the as-grown V7 sample contains only type I1 centres whereas in the sample V4 both types of centres are present; the sample C6 contains only type I centres 121. While the FR of pure YIG originating from d-states of Fe3+ ions is almost temperature independent in the region from liquid helium to room temperatures, the intensity of Ca-induced components in the MO spectra considerably raises with decreasing temperature. The temperature dependencies of the MCD and FR are displayed in the Fig. 2. The wavelengths were chosen in such a way that the MCD curves reflect the contribution related only to one type of respective centres (either type I for C6 or type I1 for V4 and V7) without interference with contribution from iron Fe3+ ions. This consideration is not valid for the temperature dependence of the FR of sample V4 displayed also in the Fig. 2, where the competing contributions originating from octaand tetrahedral Fe3+ ions dominate and as a result a broad maximum is observed around 200 K. The temperature dependencies of the MCD have very similar form Table 1. Basic properties of Y,,,Ca,Pb,Fe,,P&O,, samples, t film thickness, in Fig. 2. The MCD first increases T, growth temperature. nearly linearly with decreasing temperature and below 40 K it is almost temperature independent. A Sample x Y z t bml T~[°C] centres slight reduction of MCD value ( 2 1.5 %) towards liquid helium temperatures is inconclusive being V4 (Ool) 0.148 0.028 <0.03 4.56 I, I1 close to the experimental error. However, the low V7 (111) 0.39 0.025 <0.03 2.85 960 ' temperature decrease in magnetization is evident, C6(111) 0.22 0.01 0.01 4.05 910 I Fig.2. It should be mentioned that between 300 and Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19971288 C1-710 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV


The macroscopic curvature induced in the double helical B-DNA by regularly repeated adenine tracts (A-tracts) is a long-known, but still unexplained, phenomenon. This effect plays a key role in DNA studies because it is unique in the amount and the variety of the available experimental information and, therefore, is likely to serve as a gate to unknown general mechanisms of recognition and regulation of genome sequences. In this paper, conformations of a 25-mer A-tract repeat have been studied by molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that properly directed static curvature emerges spontaneously in independent MD trajectories starting from straight canonical A- and B-DNA forms. Dynamics converge to the same bent state in conditions excluding any initial bias except the base pair sequence. The ensemble of curved conformations, however, appears microscopically heterogeneous, in contradiction to all existing theoretical models of bending. Analysis of these unexpected observations leads to a new, signifi...


The built environment is the location where the majority of the world's population resides. Urban residents spend over 90% of their time indoors. Yet the design of the built environment is also linked to unhealthy lifestyles. How we design cities and buildings plays a significant part in determining whether the inhabitants will be unhealthy. This research examines the links between the design of architectural and urban environments and how they might improve human wellbeing. The research adopts an holistic approach to critically examine these relationships. The research uses new digital technologies combined with participatory design research methodologies to gather data on wellbeing and human health. The work innovatively and creatively examines new designscapes for healthy living.


After carefully cross-identifying previously discovered - and selected by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) - Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidates one-to-one with their optical counterparts in the field of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S), we re-estimate their photometric redshifts using multiwavelength data from ultraviolet and optical to near-infrared. Considering their re-estimated photometric redshifts and spectral energy distributions, we refine a new updated sample of 383 LBGs at 0.7 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1.4, with two confirmed active galactic nuclei being excluded. There are 260 and 111 LBGs classified as starburst and irregular types, respectively. The ages of the LBGs span from several Myr to 1.5 Gyr with a median of similar to 50 Myr. Their dust-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M-*) are 4-220 M-circle dot yr(-1) and from 2.3 x 10(8) to 4 x 10(11) M-circle dot, with median values of similar to 25 M-circle dot yr(-1) and similar to 10(10) M-circle dot. The rest-frame far-ultraviolet luminosity function of the LBGs is presented with the best-fitting Schechter parameters of alpha = -1.61 +/- 0.40, M* = -20.40 +/- 0.22 and phi* = (0.89 +/- 0.30) x 10(-3) Mpc(-3) dex(-1). LBGs of irregular types are mainly distributed along the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, while most LBGs of starburst types are located in the starburst region. Together with previous studies, we suggest that the star formation mode for LBGs at z > 3 is mainly starburst, and that it evolves to be more significant to the quenching mode after z similar to 3. A downsizing effect is clearly found, and we discuss the physical implications and comparisons with previous studies in detail. LBGs with larger SFRs are, on average, more compact. In the rest-frame colour (U - B)-M-* diagram, LBGs are distributed in the 'blue' cloud. We suggest that LBGs might evolve along the blue cloud from later to earlier types. The Hubble Space Telescope images in F606W (V band) and F850LP (z band) are taken from the Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and SEDs (GEMS) survey and the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South (GOODS-S) for morphological studies of LBGs. SEXTRACTOR and GALFIT are applied in order to obtain their morphological parameters. We establish an image gallery of 277 LBGs, commonly detected in both bands, by visually classifying individual LBGs into the following types: chain, spiral, tadpole, bulge and clump. We define a morphological sample of 142 LBGs with reliable results of Sersic indices and sizes in both bands. We find that LBGs at z similar to 1 are dominated by disc-like galaxies, with median sizes of 2.34 and 2.68 kpc in F606W and F850LP, respectively. The correlations between the photometric and morphological properties of LBGs are investigated. Strong correlations between their half-light radii and M-* (i.e. size-stellar mass relations) are found in both bands. We discuss the physical connections between the correlations and the downsizing effect.


Thienoacene-based π-conjugated oligomers, DTT-NP8 and DTT-BT8, were designed and synthesized. Their strong intermolecular interactions originating from S···S contacts enable the fabrication of sing...


The High-Speed Research (HSR) Airfoil Alloy program developed fourth-generation single-crystal superalloys with up to an 85 F increase in creep rupture capability over current production airfoil alloys. Recent results have been generated at the NASA Glenn Research Center on these fourth-generation alloys, but in coated form, for subsonic turbine blade applications under NASA's Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program. One goal for UEET is to optimize the airfoil alloy/thermal barrier coating system for 3100 F turbine inlet temperatures. The state-of-the art turbine blade airfoil system consists of a superalloy single crystal that provides the basic mechanical performance of the airfoil. A thermal barrier coating is used to reduce the temperature of the base superalloy, and a bondcoat is deposited between the base material and the thermal barrier coating. The bondcoat improves the oxidation and corrosion resistance of the base superalloy and improves the spallation resistance of the thermal barrier coating. A commercial platinum aluminide bondcoat was applied to the HSR-developed alloys, and a diffusion zone developed as a result of interaction between the bondcoat and the superalloy. Optimized strength is obtained for superalloys when the refractory element content is high and the limits of microstructural stability are approached or exceeded slightly. For fourthgeneration alloys, instability leads to the formation of topologically close packed (TCP) phases, which form internally in the superalloy, and a secondary reaction zone (SRZ), which forms under the diffusion zone. There was a concern that excessive quantities of either TCP or SRZ might decrease the mechanical properties of the superalloy, with SRZ thought to be particularly detrimental and its formation unpredictable. Thus, an SRZreduction effort was initiated in the NASA UEET Program so that methods developed during the HSR project could be optimized further to reduce or eliminate the SRZ. An SRZ is a three-phase constituent composed of TCP and stringers of gamma phase in a matrix of gamma prime. An incoherent grain boundary separates the SRZ from the gammagamma prime microstructure of the superalloy. The SRZ is believed to form as a result of local chemistry changes in the superalloy due to the application of the diffusion aluminide bondcoat. Locally high surface stresses also appear to promote the formation of the SRZ. Thus, techniques that change the local alloy chemistry or reduce surface stresses have been examined for their effectiveness in reducing SRZ. These SRZ-reduction steps are performed on the test specimen or the turbine blade before the bondcoat is applied. Stressrelief heat treatments developed at NASA Glenn have been demonstrated to reduce significantly the amount of SRZ that develops during subsequent high-temperature exposures. Stress-relief heat treatments reduce surface stresses by recrystallizing a thin surface layer of the superalloy. However, in alloys with very high propensities to form SRZ, stress relief heat treatments alone do not eliminate SRZ entirely. Thus, techniques that modify the local chemistry under the bondcoat have been emphasized and optimized successfully at Glenn. One such technique is carburization, which changes the local chemistry by forming submicron carbides near the surface of the superalloy. Detailed characterizations have demonstrated that the depth and uniform distribution of these carbides are enhanced when a stress relief treatment and an appropriate surface preparation are employed in advance of the carburization treatment. Even in alloys that have the propensity to develop a continuous SRZ layer beneath the diffusion zone, the SRZ has been completely eliminated or reduced to low, manageable levels when this combination of techniques is utilized. Now that the techniques to mitigate SRZ have been established at Glenn, TCP phase formation is being emphasized in ongoing work under the UEET Program. The limitsf stability of the fourth-generation alloys with respect to TCP phase formation are currently being defined along with high-temperature creep rupture properties. In addition, a regression model is being developed at Glenn for the prediction of the presence of TCP phase in the microstructure and SRZ under the diffusion zone. The model is based on a design-of-experiments methodology with emphasis on the potential synergistic effects of alloying elements.


In this article in cleaning zone immersion conditions of funace-bars and
quantity of cotton product was identified theoretically of purifier. Because of
alteration over arrow of funace-bar radius, immersion of funace-bar quantity to
production rises.


−rise bundings are being increasingiy constmcted with vibration control devices or isolation devices.!t is necessary to estimate the responses ofthese buildings in the high wind speed region where self−excited vibrations 06cur 」such as selfexcited vortex − i・d・・ed ・ib・ati・n・・9・11・pi・g and t・鱈 i・ n・1 n・tt・ら i・ ・e1 ・ti・ n t・ th・i・・ltim・t・ limit・t・g... d ・ge c・ nt・・1 P・・vid ・d by 出・i・c・nt・・1 devices. This paper proposes a spectral ana 聖yzing method and a time history analyzlng method using motion −induced wind 且)rce fbr wind responses ofhigh −rise buildings with coupled across −wind and torsiona弖vibrations , and discロsses the validity ofthese methods . Results of spectral analysis considering coupled motion −induced wind fbrces shoW . that ' the response to across−wind vibration increases at the wind speed at which the torsional response increases rapidly, when the natural frequency ofacross −Wind vibration is lower than that oftorsjona !vibration .


We used polymers of alternating cationic and anionic nature to build up shells on fiber surfaces, strengthen the worn-out fibers and improve paper properties made from such fibers. OCC and ONP pulps were either dipped or salted out in the cationic polyallylamine, polyacrylamide and starch solutions. After centrifugal drying, these were followed by treatments in anionic polyacrylic acid, poly-acrylamide, and starch solutions, respectively. The shell-enhanced fibers were formed into handsheets and their physical properties evaluated. The results show that building multiple shells on worn-out fiber surfaces can strengthen the fibers and paper. The simpler and more practical impregnation-centrifuging treatment provided the desired effects, whereas salting out the polymers produced somewhat superior fibers. The latter process, were impractical, however. The first pair of polymeric shells imparted marked strength improvement, whereas later layers had diminishing efficacies. Overall, the methods can improve fiber quality, attaining paper strength requirements without resorting to expensive measures. Alternate cationic polymer and filler powders were also deposited on fiber surface based on the micriparticle system in an anticipation of stiffness gains. Platy minerals, such as montmorillonite, bentonite, sericite, clay and talc were added following cationic PAM. After dewatering of polymer-pigment shelled fiber of one to 3 pairs of layers, handsheets either calendered or uncalendered were evaluated. The results indicate that regardless of calendaring, stiffness of the handsheets did not improve appreciably while certain other strength properties showed gains. We also attempted the novel starch gel filler addition method wherein tapioca starch and fillers (PCC, sericite or clay) were mixed at high solids content of 50% and cooked until gelatinized. The filled handsheets were dried under various conditions and then tested for their properties. Improvements in strengths of modified filled paper were observed.


Abstract : (A) Local electroretinograms were evoked by monochromatic stimuli (300-600 millimicrons) in the dark-adapted state and in the presence of monochromatic fatiguing lights from the dorsal-posterior and the anterior-ventral eye regions of the backswimmer, Notonecta irrorata. The spectral sensitivity curve for the dark-adapted state of both eye regions has a major peak at 530 millimicrons and a minor peak at 370 millimicrons. With monochromatic fatiguing lights the curve for the dorsal-posterior region was fractionated into three components believed to represent three classes of photoreceptors: a UV class with a single peak of sensitivity at 370 millimicrons; a blue class with major peak at 480 millimicrons and minor peak at 370 millimicrons; a green class with major peak at 530 millimicrons and minor peak at 370 millimicrons. For the anterior-ventral eye region the UV class and the green class are unmistakably present; the blue class may be present but is much harder to demonstrate. (B) A similar study was conducted on the visual system of the adult praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis. Spectral sensitivities were determined for three regions of the compound eye and for the median dorsal ocellus. All components of the visual system show a major peak of sensitivity at 510 millimicrons and a minor peak at 360-370 millimicrons. Attempts to fractionate the spectral sensitivity curve with monochromatic fatiguing lights failed. The evidence thus far is consistent with the view that all parts of the visual system contain the same, single class of photoreceptor. (Author)


The ideal timing and modality of femur shaft fracture fixation in head-injured patients remains a topic of debate. Several groups advocate the immediate definitive fixation of femur fractures ("early total care"), whereas others support the concept of "damage control orthopaedics" with temporary fracture fixation by means of external fixation and staged, planned conversion to internal fixation. The present review was designed to address this unresolved controversy by outlining the underlying immunopathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and providing clinical recommendations on the timing of femur shaft fracture fixation in patients with severe head injuries.


Background As robots are increasingly designed for health management applications, it is critical to not only consider the effects robots will have on patients but also consider a patient's wider social network, including the patient's caregivers and health care providers, among others. Objective In this paper we investigated how people evaluate robots that provide care and how they form impressions of the patient the robot cares for, based on how the robot represents the patient. Methods We have used a vignette-based study, showing participants hypothetical scenarios describing behaviors of assistive robots (patient-centered or task-centered) and measured their influence on people's evaluations of the robot itself (emotional intelligence [EI], trustworthiness, and acceptability) as well as people's perceptions of the patient for whom the robot provides care. Results We found that for scenarios describing a robot that acts in a patient-centered manner, the robot will not only be perceived as having higher EI (P=.003) but will also cause people to form more positive impressions of the patient that the robot cares for (P<.001). We replicated and expanded these results to other domains such as dieting, learning, and job training. Conclusions These results imply that robots could be used to enhance human-human relationships in the health care context and beyond.


Machine learning has been in the industry for a long time and has been applied in diverse sectors, including traffic control, self-automated automobiles, recommender systems, security control, space exploration, etc. In the space exploration domain, the predictions made by machine learning and deep learning approaches using the videos captured by observatories help discover new theories about space. Solar Flare prediction is one of the machine learning applications. Solar flare prediction is complex, and the exact reason behind these massive eruptions is still a mystery. Solar flares are detectable through a telescope, and the particles scattered after the eruptions can reach the Earth within eight minutes. The frequent disturbances in the active spot of the sun can result in numerous disruptions on Earth, including power outages, disruptions in communication systems, etc. Therefore, it becomes crucial to have preliminary information on solar flares so that timely preparation can be done to combat their effects on Earth. In this work, we analyze the various machine learning techniques and deep learning approaches for solar flares prediction using the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) dataset.


We have fabricated 1.55 micrometers ridge waveguide DFB lasers consisting of p-doped, 1.5% compressive strained-layer all quaternary MQW active region by two-step MOCVD with a first-order grating located in the upper GRINSCH region. By optimizing the p-doped carrier concentration in the barrier layers, kL and detuning, the measured -3 dB bandwidth was 13 GHz with flat frequency response and very little RC roll-off in this structure. From RIN measurements, the intrinsic bandwidth was calculated to be 18 GHz. Furthermore, by changing the position of the grating to the MQW active region, partly gain-coupled DFB lasers were formed; these devices exhibit very stable single mode operation and narrow spectral linewidths. The -3 dB electrical bandwidth was measured around 22 GHz and the intrinsic bandwidth was estimated to be 28 - 30 GHz. Experimental results show that the devices have small wavelength chirps and clear eye patterns under 10 Gbit/s NRZ direct modulation.


Associate Professor of History Sara Gregg, who is writing a book called Little Piece of Earth about the history of the several Homestead Acts. The work for this presentation drew upon the legislative research of Graduate Engagement Librarian Carmen Orth-Alfie, the data management skills of Research and Data Analyst Greta Valentine and KU grad Kaitlyn Foster (CLAS 2019), the mapping expertise of GIS and Data Specialist Rhonda Houser, and the historical research of Content Development Librarian Sara Morris, as well as the invaluable advisory work of other KU Libraries staffers.

This Open Educational Resource (OER) is the product of a KU Libraries Research Sprint. Research Sprints are a week-long intensive collaboration between departmental and library faculty and staff on research or instruction projects. This project was funded by KU Libraries and Diversity Scholars Program through the Center for Teaching Excellence.


The traditional two dimensional (2D) pattern making method for developing female body armour has a negative effect on the ballistic protective performance as well as the comfort of the wearer. This is due to, unlike the male body armour, the female body armour manufacturing involves different darts to accommodate the natural curvature of the female body, i.e. bust area, which will reveals the weak parts at the seam and stitch area while ballistic impact. Moreover, the proper bra size also plays an important role not only in bra design but also in the design of a women's ballistic vest. The present research study tried to propose the novel 3D designing approach for developing different volumes of breast using feature points (both bust surface and outline points) in the specific 3D adaptive mannequin. Later the flattened 3D bra patterns of this method has been also compare with the 2D standard pattern making in order to modify and match with 2D traditional method. The result indicated that the proposed method which conceives the 3D patterns on the 3D bust is easier to implement and can generate patterns with satisfactory fit and comfort as compared to 2D patterns.


The network-induced long delays are not only inevitable, but also usually unpredictable and stochastic, which degrade the performance of control systems designed without considering time delays and even destabilize the systems. A new sliding mode controller (SMC) based on the predicted vectors of the system states is proposed for time delay compensation. By the prediction of the sliding mode control scheme, the long time delays are compensated in time. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this compensation method.


Meprobamate is a central nervous system depressant and a skeletal niuscle relaxant which is widely used in the treatment of anxiety and nervous tension. The drug is also said to reduce tension in "normal" individuals exposed to stressful simations. However, attempts to obtain objective data on effects of meprobamate on physiological functions during stress have as yet not been successful. Thus, Pronko and Kenyon (1959), in an investigation on laboratory-induced anxiety, did not find any systematic effects of the drug on heart rate, blood pressure, galvanic skin response, muscle action potentials, or eosinophil count. Previous investigations (Euler & Lundberg, 1954; Levi, 1961; Frankenhaeuser, Jaerpe, & Matell, 1961; Frankenhaeuser 8: Jaerpe, 1962; Frankenhaeuser, Sterky, & Jaerpe, 1962) have shown that an increase in the urinary excretion of catecholamines is a sensitive indicator of reactions to mental stress. It has also been shown (Frankenhaeuser & Post, 1962) that the output of adrenaline is affected by centrally acting drugs, pentobarbitone decreasing and metamphetamine increasing the excretion during stress. For these reasons it was of interest to find out if meprobamate would influence the catecholamine output in an experimental stress situation. Attempts were also made to relate changes in catecholamine excretion to changes in subjective emotional reactions.


This paper presents air and surface cleanliness characterization of the acoustics test facility and large (SES) thermal vacuum chamber at Goddard Space flight Center in Greenbelt, MD during the New Horizons Pluto probe program. It is shown that slow back-fill of the SES chamber is necessary to prevent excessive particle redistribution.


On basis of construction of several typical closely-spaced twin tube tunnels,the authors summarize the experience in the design and construction of closely-spaced tunnels,including the selection of the proper net spacing thickness,advance reinforcement,excavation methods,cross-section design,spacing column consolidation and reinforcement parameters.Furthermore,the authors make a complete summary and some recommendations on the critical aspects of construction of closely-spaced tunnels.


A new approach to two-dimensional modeling of microstrip circuits of arbitrary shape is proposed. A model was developed to be used for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. A characteristic feature of the model is its inhomogeneity, i.e., the dependence of the parameters at a particular point in the two-dimensional space on the distance of that point from the strip's edge. Examples of FDTD analysis based on the model are shown. >


berti W, Dikomey E: Individual radiosensitivity measured with lymphocytes may predict the risk of acute reaction after radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 71: 256-264, 2008. 15. Brizel DM J: Pharmacologic approaches to radiation protection. Clin Oncol, 25: 4084-4089, 2007. 16. Quanz M, Berthault N, Roulin C, Roy M, Herbette A, Agrario C, Alberti C, Josserand V, Coll JL, Sastre-Garau X, Cosset JM, Larue L, Sun JS, Dutreix M: Small-molecule drugs mimicking DNA damage: a new strategy for sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res,15: 1308-1316, 2009. 17. Shannon AM, Williams KJ: Antiangiogenics and radiotherapy. J Pharm Pharmacol, 60: 1029-1036, 2008. 18. Juzenas P, Chen W, Sun YP, Coelho MA, Generalov R, Generalova N, Christensen IL: Quantum dots and nanoparticles for photodynamic and radiation therapies of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 60: 1600-1614, 2008. Palliative hepatic arterial infusion in renal cell carcinoma spreading to the liver: a retrospective analysis


Presenting author: Prof.dr. Richard C. Oude Voshaar, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (email@example.com) Co-author: Prof.dr. Ivan Aprahamian, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Brazil (firstname.lastname@example.com) Depressive disorder has been conceptualised as a disorder of accelerated ageing. Furthermore, meta - analyses have shown that depression associated with excess mortality, although most studies can be criticised for insufficient confounder control. These characteristics of depression resemble the characteristics of biomedical frailty. Biomedical frailty can be assessed with the frailty index (FI) based on the deficit accumulation model. This model postulates that the proportion of at least 30 ageing-related health deficits reflects biological age on top of chronological age. The characteristics of the FI are independent of the specific health deficits included, as long as health deficits from different physiological systems are included. The FI is the most accurate frailty model for predicting mortality, the ultimate outcome of increasing frailty states. Because of its continuous nature, the FI is sensitive to change which enables us to study trajectories of frailty. The objective of the present lecture is 1) to show that depressive disorder associated with accelerated biological ageing as indexed by the frailty index, 2) that depressive disorder is a risk factor for excess mortality, and 3) to show that this latter explanation is largely explain by biomedical frailty. The Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons (NESDO) is a clinical cohort of 378 depressed patients according to DSM-IV criteria and 132 non-depressed controls who have been followed up for six-year. The data of this cohort study enabled us to construct a frailty index based on 41 non-depression related health deficits. Linear mixed models showed that the frailty index had a significantly steeper increase over six years among depressed patients compared to their non-depressed counterparts. Subsequently, we constructed a frailty index based on 64 health deficits in the LifeLines cohort study, a three-generation population-based study including 167,000 persons. In this population-based cohort, we replicated our finding that the presence of a depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, but also anxiety disorders, were associated with an accelerated increase of the frailty index over a 5-year follow-up. Furthermore, Cox-regression showed that the presence of a depressive disorder or any anxiety disorder was also associated with excess mortality over a 10-year follow-up. These effects remained significant when adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables and multimorbidity, but disappeared when adjusted for the frailty index. We conclude that depressive disorder can indeed be conceptualised as a disorder of accelerated biological ageing, as indexed by the frailty index. Moreover, biomedical frailty may be an explanatory factor for excess mortality found to be associated with affective disorders. Therefore, biomedical frailty seems a promising marker for risk stratification in geriatric psychiatry.


In vitro it was confirmed that direct interactions between platelets and neutrophils enhanced the process of the formation of cell aggregates. The interaction decreased the ability of prostacyclin, aspirin, propranolol and nifedipine to reduce platelet and neutrophil aggregation. This decrease was more marked for aspirin and prostacyclin but antiaggregation effects of propranolol and nifedipine were more stable to the influence of platelet-neutrophil interaction. It was assumed that the cell interactions might cause the decrease in the efficiency of antiaggregant therapy in patients with cardiovascular disorders.


Objective:To investigate the compound on astragaloside dissolution rates.Methods:To determine the best of Astragaloside extraction in Zhongfeng Yiqi Huoluo decoction by the orthogonal test.Results:The ethanol concentration,particle size,soaking time on the extraction rate were significantly affected.Conclusion:The optimal extraction process of astragaloside in Zhongfeng Yiqi Huoluo decoction were 50 of mesh,85% of ethanol,soaked for 48 hours.


practical and in conformity with the citrus laws and regulations. If you could spend a few months in the Commission office you would be amazed at the number of inquiries received from persons all over the country. Many of these persons request information concerning the citrus industry or its products. One party wants to know something about a new process for extracting citrus juices; another is interested in investing his life's savings in a grove and seeks advice and information. Quite a few people submit ideas, recipes, and sure-fire sales aids they wish to sell. Some of the most interesting letters we receive are from people commenting on the quality of our citrus fruits and products. These comments and observa tions cause those of us associated with the Commission to be quite conscious of the need for the industry to put great stress upon supplying consumers with quality products. We receive many letters commenting on the fine quality of our products, but we also receive some adverse comments. I think one of the biggest factors that will determine the eventual market for our frozen orange con centrate is QUALITY. Up to now quality has been good, with few complaints being received. It is my opinion that this is the principal reason for the tremendous expansion in the market for this product and we should all be a self-appointed committee of one to advocate and stress quality for all of our citrus products. The best advertising and promo tion program in the world won't be much help in selling poor quality products. The scope of activities of the Commission has expanded with the growth of the industry. When it was established in 1935, the Com mission had only a few employees and the income that year was $550,000, the production being only 29.5 million boxes. The production is now ranging close to 100 million boxes with a resultant income in excess of $2,000,000.


Objective To solve the problem of forming a taper-shaped part by traditional deep drawing,which has high rejection rate and poor forming quality. Methods The two types of sheet hydroforming were introduced,namely active hydroforming and passive hydroforming. Each hydroforming scheme was numerically simulated by the finite element software Dynaform. Results The advantages and disadvantages of the two types of sheet hydroforming were investigated by numerical simulation. And the passive-active hydroforming scheme was proposed. This process was validated by numerical simulation. The bottom fillet radii of the preforming punch were reasonable when the bottom fillet radius of A long side and B long side was 40 mm and 30 mm,respectively,and the others were 15 mm. Conclusion In contrast with traditional deep drawing,hydroforming was advantageous. The simulation result of the passive-active hydroforming was good. The shape of preforming punch which could control feed of every side with different radii has a great impact on the final forming.


The usefulness of the Eisenberg–Berkowitz Information Problem-Solving model as a useful categorization for academic reference encounters is examined. Major trends in the data include a high proportion of questions about location and access of sources, a lack of synthesis or production activities, and a consistent presence of system problems (such as hardware problems) that impede the information-seeking process. The implications of these trends for the reference process, librarian training, and campus organization are discussed.


Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Cincinnatian Series in southeastern Indiana is revised on a basis of lithologic criteria. The Cincinnatian Series consists of a complex of intertonguing rock types that is here divided into four formations, in ascending order: Kope, Dillsboro (new), Saluda, and Whitewater Formations.


Citation: Kangbai JB, Mandoh IV, James PB (2017) Virologic Response and Survival Analysis of 281 HbsAg Treatment Naive Patients on Lamivudine Monotherapy in Sierra Leone. Int J Virol AIDS 4:029. doi.org/10.23937/2469-567X/1510029 Received: April 12, 2017: Accepted: June 15, 2017: Published: June 17, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Kangbai JB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Selected experiments with nonneutral plasmas are discussed. These include the laser cooling of a pure ion plasma to a crystalline state, a measurement of the Salpeter enhancement factor for fusion in a strongly correlated plasma and the measurement of thermally excited plasma waves. Also, discussed are experiments that demonstrate Landau damping, trapping and plasma wave echoes in the 2D ExB drift flow of a pure electron plasma, which is isomorphic to the 2D ideal flow (incompressible and inviscid flow) of a neutral fluid.


Gd2O3:Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ microcrystals were prepared by the co-precipitation method using water or ethanol/water as solvents. The effects of solvents on particle size, morphology, and photoluminescence intensity were investigated. The microcrystal were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescent spectra (PL). The results showed that the co-precipitation synthesis using ethanol/water solvent could produce microparticles with better homogeneity, better dispersion and stronger photoluminescence intensity. The XRD spectra showed that both ethanol/water and water solvent produced cubic phase. The powders prepared using water as solvent exhibited the green emission while the powders obtained using water/ethanol as solvent exhibited the red emission. Moreover, it was found that the intensity of powders calcined at 900oC using water/ethanol as solvent was much stronger than that of the powders calcined at 1000oC using water as solvent.


The medical profession is a success story for ethnic diversity. Approximately 45% of hospital doctors and at least 32% of GPs in the United Kingdom are from minority groups.1,2 Fourteen per cent of the UK population is non-White, with a further 5.5% identifying as a minority White group.3 However, success is marred by problems of 'inclusion' of minority ethnic doctors.4 Inclusion is defined as ' the achievement of a work environment in which all individuals are treated fairly and respectfully, have equal access to opportunities and resources, and can contribute fully to the organisation 's success. ' 5 The King's Fund, a health think-tank, has recently highlighted that senior leadership and managerial positions are predominately held by White British and male persons.6 There has been longstanding discussion regarding inclusion in medicine on the basis of characteristics such as gender and socioeconomic status.7,8 However, the events of 2020 — such as the death of George Floyd, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the impact of COVID-19 on ethnic minority groups — have led to a focus on race and ethnicity.

The use of a 'Rooney Rule', a form of affirmative action to improve racial diversity and/or inclusion, has been touted as a solution to a lack of ethnic inclusion in British medicine. This rule was created in 2003 by the National Football League (NFL) — where at least one candidate from a minority ethnic group must be interviewed by an American football team for the head coach position.9 Affirmative action is a quick way to reduce — or attempt to reduce — racial inequality and exclusion. That does not necessarily make it the best or the only way. In 2003, when the Rooney Rule was introduced by the NFL, there were …


In my opinion, smart investments in the field of innovative entrepreneurship for economic efficiency and energetic efficiency can be for example free energy devices based on Tesla, Coanda and Faraday ideas(induction generators with prime movers with neodym magnets, Faraday rotors Cages and excited Leyda capacitors) and also based on Atlantis technology free energy devices, Climeworks green chemistry devices,  triboelectric nanogenerators, crystal  devices based on Atlantis technology, Hutchinson effect free energy devices(anticovid 19) in the common aim to obtain economic and energetic efficiency and econometric models of innovation process based on free energy devices. Econometric models used  to demonstrate this type of smart investments can be integrated in Schumpeterian Business Cycles,  Romer Innovation Model, Lucas econometric model, Jan Tinbergen Econometric model for technical progress with trend analysis, Cobb Douglas  and Solow Production Function and  Acs Innovation Growth of the Cities book based also on econometric models mentioned above and other econometric models like Solow Endogenous Growth Model  and also from the book of Henri Bergson, L'evolution creatrice sur site persee.fr collections and with Francois Perroux Les Techniques quantitatives de la planification pour les industries modernes et innovatoires and with Robert Gordon and William Jevons Paradox we can do a visionary econometric model for nowdays for economic efficiency and energetic efficiency  with zero emissions of CO2 by smart investments described as free energy devices.


Positron lifetime spectra were measured at 20°C in Gd-doped BaTiO 3 which contained a large amount of Ba 2+ vacancies. It was found that the intensity of long-lived (τ 2 ) component was proportional to the nominal vacancy concentration and the averaged annihilation rate decreased as the concentration increased. To explain the observed results a model is proposed in which most of Ba 2+ vacancies form pairs with Gd 3+ and these pairs attract, but do not trap positrons, and isolated Ba 2+ vacancies trap positrons giving τ 2 component.