The present invention includes a vegetable oil, fatty acids and a step of mixing the fatty acid derivative, which process exchange reaction enzymatic ester, and after fractionation process using the physical properties, cocoa butter distilled off fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives to a method of producing a similar hard butter. POS-rich fat or oil produced by the process of the present invention, vegetable oil composed mainly of vegetable oleic oil or sunflower oil palm oil is vegetable oil of the main component, the foreign oil and (exotic fat) as a main component because as a raw material, has a conventional cocoa butter substitute fat and differentiation properties include POS in triglyceride composition with a high content of premium natural cocoa butter and physical properties and composition this characteristic is the same, 1: 1 in may provide a possible alternative oil compositions. .FIELD 1


In this article a brief history of activism on the American Indian mascot issue in Minnesota will be discussed with a specific focus on college campuses. The approaches taken at St. Cloud State University (scsu) to create awareness on this issue and the successes and failures of actions taken to push for meaningful changes at the policy level at scsu and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (ncaa) will also be discussed. Possible responses to arguments made by opponents of these changes as well as tactics for organizing on campuses that play schools with American Indian mascots and nicknames will be considered.


1 Abstract: E-learning vs. face-to-face delivery: this binary opposition has governed much of the existing pedagogical research concerning technological innovation, as educationists are pressured to prioritise efficiency and the cost-effectiveness of tra- ditional teaching methods. This paper rejects such a false dichotomy, proffering the alternative that can be found in blended learning methods. It is through the meticu- lous splicing of e-learning and traditional lectures that the individual economics lec- turer is freed to deliver a pluralist perspective. "Contest and controversy; orthodoxy and heterodoxy; critique and reject": technology provides the vehicle for economics education to break free of the constraints of monist teaching methods and ensures that economics students can fully engage in the discipline's vibrant debates.


To determine the prevalence of resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and furazolidone in Helicobacter pylori isolated from Chinese children.


Developing broad-band-emitting phosphors is very important to light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and displays. We introduced Eu2+ to solid solutions K2YZr1–yHfy(PO4)3 with a langbeinite-type struc...


In this report, the characteristics of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) overwater communication channels which includes scattering and turbulence effects are modeled using Monte Carlo multiple scattering simulation. The overwater field experimental measurements of turbulence effect and path loss at the distances of up to 1700 meters were reported and analyzed by considering key parameters such as communication distance, transceiver angles, water surface reflection index, along with airborne humidity, and temperature. These channel modeling and experimental results will serve as the foundation for further study of the NLOS UV overwater communication system in shore-to-shore (STS), shore-to-vessel (STV), and vessel-to-vessel (VTV) communication link configurations.


OBJECTIVE: This narrative review provides an overview of the use of ultrasound in pediatric intensive care. It investigates point-of-care ultrasound (


Deformation of rotary kiln surface has great influence on the safe operation of the whole production line.To monitor deformation of the rotary kiln surface and realize 3D visualization technology for the monitoring results,this paper puts forward the general structure of the data acquisition system for deformation of the rotary kiln surface.We use Labview and SCM to acquire the deformation data in real time and write Matlab-based Cubic interpolation and GUI graph display program.The monitoring results have been verified by on-site experiment,which proved the feasibility and reliability of the technology.


The ability of hydroponically cultivated Indian mustard plants (Sinapis alba L.) to accumulate platinum was investigated. The Pt-bioaccumulation in leaves, stem and shoots of plants growing for 2 and 4 weeks at Pt-concentration of 50 and 500 µg/L was compared. The relation between dry and fresh weight was also estimated. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) were applied for determination of Pt. Increasing Pt-concentration from 50 to 500 µg/L in the medium causes: (1) reduction of the root tissue hydration level at unchanged modification in aboveground parts of the plants and (2) decrease of the Pt transfer factor (TF) for roots and increase for leaves and stem. Duration of the culture influenced on Pt-accumulation in roots and in aboveground organs of mustard plants. Transfer factor for Pt between 560 and 1600 makes Indian mustard plants one at Pt-hyper- accumulators. Distribution of Pt-bioaccumulation in the plant organs may be useful for biomonitoring of platinum in the environment.


Sown field margins are a central part of agri‐environmental schemes aiming to improve biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Despite the knowledge that key services are delivered by belowground biodiversity, the impacts of field margins on populations of soil invertebrates both within the margins and the neighbouring crops remain unclear. We investigated the effect of field margin orientation with respect to the direction of the tramlines upon populations of soil‐dwelling mesofauna with focus on Acari (mites) and Collembola (springtails). Two margins on adjacent sides of the same field and their neighbouring cropped areas were examined: one margin oriented perpendicular to the tramlines, and one parallel to the tramlines. This sampling design was repeated on two farms with distinct soil management (no till vs. minimum tillage) and crop rotation (diverse‐long‐rotation vs. cereal/oilseed‐short‐rotation) in two seasons (autumn vs. spring) over two years. The distribution of invertebrates in the cropped areas depended on the orientation of the margins and the taxa studied. Reduced abundance of Collembola and Acari were found at both farms in the cropped area where machinery turns (margin perpendicular to tramlines), in comparison with the cropped area where margins and tramlines were parallel. This study suggests the existence of interacting impacts between the margins and field operations (trafficking and resulting compaction) on populations of soil mesofauna.


Several large and small rivers in Riau flow down into the estuary ofKampar River. Water that flown from these resources, however, may containmany types of pollutants as there are many industrial and domestic activitiesconducted along the river dispose their waste in the river. The present of thepollutant strongly affect the water quality and negatively affect aquatic organismliving in the river. To understand the effects of the pollutant, especially theindustrial pollutant on the biology of aquatic organisme, this study wasconducted. Samples of water, sediment and Hemibagrus nemurus (Bagridae) weretaken and the presence of heavy metal in these samples were analyzed. Heavymetal content in the sediment and water were analyzed using an AAS method,while its presence in the fish was detected in the kidney that was processed forhistological analysis. Results shown that the highest Pb and Cd content waspresent in the kidney of fish living in the downstream, followed by fish living inthe midstream and the lowest was in the fish captured in the upstream.Histological analysis of the kidney shown that there is abnormality of the kidneytissue as there are necrotic cells, limphocyte presence, infected glomerulus andhaemorrhagic spots. Heavy metals accumulation was also detected as there areblack spots (indication of heavy metal mineralization) present in that tissue. Aswell as in the fish tissue, the highest heavy metal content were found in the waterand sediment taken from the downstream, followed by mid and downstream.However, statistical analysis shown that there is no interaction between Cdcontent and sampling sites (P>0.05). Data obtained in this research proved that thewaste originated from industrial activities along the river negatively affect waterquality as well as aquatic organisms, especially Bagridae fish.


In recent years,biopharmaceuticals has become one of the fastest growing businesses in medicinal industry.Therapeutic antibody,accounting for about 35% of the biopharmaceuticals,has become the largest biopharmaceutical product category.Antibody drugs play an important effect in the treatment of a number of human diseases,especially in antitumor.In 2011,the global sales of antibody drugs have reached 48 billion dollar.Currently,China is in the initial stage of the rapid development of antibody drugs.At present,17 kinds of monoclonal antibodies were approved by SFDA.In 2015,it is estimated that the sales of antibody drugs of China will be 32.5—65.0 billion Yuan.Although we had a breakthrough in antibody products,we still have a big gap compared with the developed countries in amounts and types.With the continuous development of biotechnology,the market prospects of antibody drugs will become more and more extensive.


The development process for a Performance Measurement System (PMS) can be split into four phases: (1) design; (2) planning and construction; (3) implementation, and; (4) operation and updating. The design phase focuses on the choice of performance indicators and is crucial to the success both of the PMS and the organization. This paper deals with the design phase for a PMS based on the Performance Prism using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) for modeling and ranking of the performance indicators. The application of the ANP as support for the PMS design was executed in the higher education sector with a view to the management of an undergraduate course in Production Engineering. The model and its results assured the representation of the various stakeholders´ objectives – in a significant and balanced manner – through 58 performance indicators distributed in four clusters: satisfaction, processes, capabilities and contribution. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v2i1.72


From the Publisher:
As SAP systems grow more closely integrated with the open environment of the internet, the effective use of SAP security and data protection functions has become an essential focus of corporate attention. Security and Data Protection with SAP Systems offers a complete overview of SAP security functions and their place in a company-wide security policy. It also covers the fundamentals of data protection and their global implementation with mySAP.com, SAP Business Warehouse and R/3.

Written by two of SAP's foremost security professionals, and focusing strongly on practical measures, Security and Data Protection with SAP Systems provides a unique guide to best practice in this vital field.

Contents include:
Basic principles of enterprise security
Security in SAP systems and the SAP system landscape
mySAP.com — security and data protection on the Internet
Basic principles and goals of data protection
Data protection and the law
The role of the data protection officer
The special role of the administrator
Remote support
Data protection and the SAP Business Information Warehouse


Merchant seamen comprised the first group of workers to be identified for federal medical care protection, presumably because of the special risks associ ated with their occupation (12). Industry's implementation of protection against hazards resulted in dramatic reductions in work-related fatal injuries. For example, in 1911, 2656 coal miners died, while in 1975 the number declined to 154 (24). Although the number of persons at risk was not reported, there were 2310 fatal injuries among railroad employees in 1906 compared to 166 in 1973 (4). Accurate historical documentation of mortality and morbidity from work related injuries over the decades since 1900 has not been available; hence, analysis of time trends in fatal injury rates has not been possible. Reports from the National Safety Council (NSC) do give general information on trends, but the completeness of enumeration of deaths given in their annual reports is questionable. Nonetheless, the NSC reports in 1945 a death rate per 100,000 workers of 33, while in 1980 the rate had declined to 13. Some of the decline may reflect differences over time in the counting of fatal work-related events (18). In the last 10 to 15 years data on injury events have been collected in a more uniform way, allowing for the compilation of general summary statistics on occupational deaths and injuries. The purpose of this review is concisely to assemble the basic knowledge on mortality and morbidity from work-related injuries in the US.


Fugitive emission is an important way of discharging volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to atmosphere and its control is also very difficult.The estimate models of VOCs fugitive emission are summarized and compared.The control standard for fugitive emission is discussed.


Research Title : THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE (SME) AND ITS CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Researcher : Karishma Manojkumar Degree : Master of Business Administration (International Program) Major : International Business Management Advisor : ........................................... Dr. Tanakorn Limsarun ............ / ............... / ............ The study focused on investigating the impact of Covid-19 on small and medium sized enterprises (SME) and how it affects their consumers. SMEs are considered to be high economic contributors in a customer centric market. As one of the most important industries in every country, the recent global crisis has severely affected the SME industries. This research analyzed on how to manage and retain the businesses and consumers in an unexpected crisis. The study found that the major impact of any recession has caused financial instability, and this has led to other crisis such as behavioral changes in employees and consumers. Therefore, it was suggested to reconstruct new marketing strategies and financial policies to sustain in the market and retain customers during an economic downfall. The study also focused on identifying different ways to provide recommendations or solutions to improvise the behavioral changes of SME customers in an economic crisis. Finally, this research paper centered on studying through these changes and damages borne by the small and medium scale enterprise in an economic outbreak and is set to find out some ideas to improve themselves in the future.


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases1,2 and is one of the most common chronic rheumatic diseases in children. Improving the outcome for children with JIA remains an important goal, with current management of severe JIA involving increasingly aggressive immunosuppressive agents1.

Undoubtedly, improving outcome in JIA depends on the availability of effective treatments, but if a child presents late in their disease course or receives inappropriate treatment or does not have access to treatment at all, then outcome is likely to be suboptimal. There is an increasing body of evidence (Table 1)3 that many children with JIA have a prolonged interval from disease onset to pediatric rheumatology care, and despite there being no published data from developing countries, anecdotal observations suggest that poor access to optimal care is likely to be a global issue.

View this table:

Table 1.
Studies reporting interval from onset of symptoms to pediatric rheumatology care. Adapted from Foster, et al, Rheumatology 2010;49:401–33.

The longterm impact of delay is unknown, but a longer interval from disease onset to definitive treatment is likely to adversely affect clinical outcomes4,5,6. In one study7, many children with delay (defined as > 10 weeks from symptom onset to first pediatric rheumatology assessment) had prolonged untreated active disease, many presented with multiple restricted joints, none had been referred for eye screening (to detect chronic anterior uveitis), and the median interval from onset of symptoms to starting methotrexate was 10 months. Such delay is likely to have a profound effect on the potential for functional disability and psychosocial impact as a result of poorly controlled symptoms and the family living with an uncertain diagnosis.

The article by Shiff, et al 8 in this issue of The Journal describes …

Address correspondence to Prof. Foster. E-mail: h.e.foster{at}ncl.ac.uk


The paper is devoted to examination of the main approaches to the definition of the concept of «public power» that has developed in the theory of state and law, in constitutional and administrative law. The analysis of theoretical and legal views allowed the author to conclude that public power in the theory of state and law is defined as an institutionalized legal social power supported by the force of coercion and exercised within a certain territory or social community. General theoretical conclusions and provisions have been developed in public law (state law) studies. The Russian theory of constitutional law is dominated by the concept of public power as the people's power, according to which all power in the Russian Federation belongs to its multinational people. In addition, in constitutional law, a systematic approach to the definition of the concept of «public power» is widespread. As a rule, the systematic approach distinguishes three types (forms, levels) of public power: direct public power (direct democracy, public power), state power, municipal power. In administrative law, the research of public power has not been as widespread as in constitutional law. At the same time, the analysis of scientific sources allowed the author to single out institutional (public power is viewed through the prism of government bodies) and functional (public power as a set of functions and powers of government bodies and organizations endowed with state authority) approaches as the main approaches. The author concludes that regardless of the initial positions used by various public law doctrines the basic properties of public power include legitimacy, complexity, institutionality, functionality.


Recent reports have noted the increase of and questioned the justification for cesarean section rate in the past decade. This study was carried out retrospectively based on the clinical charts of 510 patients who had been performed cesarean section among 3,357 deliveries at Yeungnam University Hospital from May, 9, 1983 through Nov., 30, 1986. The results were as follows : 1. Overall incidence of cesarean section was 15.7% of total deliveries. Of these, 10.9% were by primary cesarean section and 4.7% by repeat operation. There has been a gradual increase in the cesarean section rate. 2. In the distribution of age, the 26-30 aged group was the most prevalent(60.2%). 3. The most common indications for cesarean section were previous cesarean section(30.2%), CPD (26.9%), Malpresentation(22.7%), and fetal distress(3.5%). In primipara, CPD was the most frequent and in multipara malpresentation. 4. A great proportion(31.6%) was done at 40th gestational week. 5. In the weight distribution of infants, the group of 3,000-3,499gm was the most prevalent(39.8%), premature baby was 9.1%, and giant baby was 5.6%. 6. In the type of operation, lower segment transverse cesarean section was the most(97.5%). 7. In the combined surgery, sterilization was the most prevalent and the next was ovarian cystectomy, hysterectomy, and myomectomy in order. 8. In the type of the anesthesia, general anesthesia was 83.5%. 9. Maternal morbidity was 14.7%. Among the causes of this morbidity, wound infection was the most and the next was urinary tract infection, fever of unknown origin, and atonic bleeding in order. 10. It was found that 18.4% was maternal morbidity in the patients below 10gm Hb. In this group, maternal morbidity was markedly increased as the level of Hb was decreased. 11. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of ruptured membrane was prolonged. In the group of over 24 hours after rupture of membrane, it was markedly increased(44.4%). 12. Maternal morbidity was increased as the duration of labor was prolonged. In the group of over 12 hours after the onset of labor, it was 24.6%. 13. Maternal morbity of lower segment transverse cesarean section was the least(14.1%). 14. Maternal morbidity of emergency cesarean section was about two times as much as elective cesarean section.


Coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CNLS) with an external elliptic function potential model a quasi one–dimensional interacting twocomponent Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a standing light wave. New stationary solutions of the CNLS with a periodic potential are derived and interpreted as exact Bloch states at the edge of the Brillouin zone. The modulationally unstable solutions lead to formation of localized ground states of the coupled BEC system.


TPS719 Background: Although 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapies (5-FU, capecitabine, and floxuridine) remain the cornerstone of combination therapies for colorectal cancer (CRC), their clinical utility is limited by key cancer resistance mechanisms associated with breakdown, transport, and activation. These agents require intracellular conversion to the active metabolite fluorodeoxyuridine-monophosphate (FUDR-MP) before they can exert their core anti-cancer activity through inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). NUC-3373 is a phosphoramidate transformation of FUDR-MP designed to bypass the key resistance mechanisms associated with 5-FU. Results from the first-in-human study of NUC-3373 (NuTide:301) in patients with advanced solid tumours demonstrated a favourable PK/PD profile for NUC-3373, with a longer plasma t1/2 (9.7 hours) than 5-FU (8-14 minutes) and much higher levels of the active anti-cancer metabolite, FUDR-MP (Ghazaly et alESMO, 2017). TS is efficiently inhibited and sequestered into TS-ternary complexes (TS-T), depleting the pool of dTMP within 2-4 hours. Methods: NuTide:302 is a two-part, Phase Ib study in patients with CRC who have relapsed after ≥ 2 prior lines of 5-FU-containing therapies. The primary objective is to identify a recommended NUC-3373 dose when administered every 2 weeks in combination with standard agents used in CRC treatment. Secondary objectives include safety, PK/PD, and anti‐tumour activity. In Part 1, approximately 12 patients will be administered NUC-3373 with leucovorin (LV) to determine if LV is beneficial in augmenting the formation of TS-T. If so, it will be administered in Part 2. In Part 2, the following combination agents will be administered with NUC-3373 (±LV): oxaliplatin; oxaliplatin + bevacizumab; oxaliplatin + panitumumab; irinotecan; and irinotecan + cetuximab. Up to 62 patients will be enrolled in cohorts of 3-6, in a modified 3+3 design. Enrollment to Part 1 initiated in September 2018. Clinical trial information: NCT03428958.


The aetio-pathogenesis as with most malignancies is not known. However, trauma has being proposed as a possible theory underlying the development of this malignancy, where it is believed that the reparative cells could undergo malignant transformation. There is however a paucity of data suggestive of this theory in our setting. Hence this case report in the above case report the question is whether the recurrent trauma and subsequent surgery is coincidental with the development of the malignancy. This report highlights the possibility of such occurrences.


THE action of acetylcholine as the transmitter of excitation at preganglionic synapses and at motor endings in voluntary muscle, for which evidence has been produced during the past few years, must be of a different kind from its earlier recognized functions as the transmitter of peripheral parasympathetic effects. There is no evidence that, under normal conditions, the effect of an impulse in a preganglionic or voluntary motor nerve fibre spreads beyond the ganglion cells or muscle fibres with which it makes direct synaptic connexion, or that a single such impulse normally excites more than a single wave of excitation in postganglionic nerve or in muscle fibre. The effect is thus subject to spatial and temporal limitations which do not apply to those earlier associated with chemical transmission. The nature and the probable mechanism of such limitations have been discussed in the case of the ganglion by Feldberg & Gaddum [1934] and Feldberg & Vartiainen [1934] and in that of the voluntary muscle by Dale et al. [1936], and Brown et al. [1936], who have recognized the necessity of provision for the very rapid removal of the liberated acetylcholine, within the very brief span of the refractory period of the ganglion cell or muscle fibre. A local concentration of the specific cholinesterase on surfaces at the nerve endings was an obvious possibility. If the method for removal of acetylcholine were really of this kind, it ought to be possible by the use of eserine to delay the disappearance of acetylcholine, and to observe a corresponding effect on the transmission of the excitatory process. Brown et al. [1936] and Bacq & Brown [1937] have in fact demonstrated that eserine, and various synthetic substances having an analogous depressant action on the cholinesterase, cause the voluntary muscle fibre to give a repetitive response to a single nerve


Consider the problem of allocation of spatially correlated gridded data to finer spatial scale, conditionally on covariate information observable in a fine grid. Spatial dependence of the process can be captured with the conditional autoregressive structure, suitable for gridded (areal level) data. Also geostatistical methods, particularly empirical universal kriging, can be used for this purpose. In this study, we compare prediction results as well as prediction standard errors for two disaggregation procedures, based on the inventory of agricultural ammonia emissions reported in Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland.


Structured methods for the analysis and design of information systems have largely focused on representations and control mechanisms for the outcomes of the design process. Prototyping methods are more sensitive to critiques during the designprocess itself but do not preserve knowledge about it explicitly. In this paper, a systems arc iitecture called REMAP is presented that accumulates design process knowledge to manage systems evolution. To accomplish this, REMAP acquires and maintains dependencies among the design decisions made during a prototyping process. It includes a model for learning general design rules from such dependencies which can be applied to prototype refinement, systems maintenance, and design re-use. Introduction ulated explicitly jy users or analysts. Second, when systems are developed in a piecemeal fashion following the The process of large systems development is often iteraprototyping idea, analysts apply analogies to transfer tive, involving continuous modifications to programs experience gainek! from one subsystem to "similar combefore a "satisfactory" design emerges. Designers have ponents" of andther. Unfortunately, current developattempted to use aprotoryping approach whereby a workment methodologies preserve none of these aspects of ing prototype system is assembled quickly on the basis of process knowledge, making the process of prototype an initial assessment of a a problem situation, and then refinement and transfer of experience ad-hoc and susrefined repeatedly in response to critiques from users or ceptible to error design personnel. While this approach may offer significant advantages over "structured" approaches in terms It appears that the systems development process would of earlier user involvement, a major drawback is that the benefit greatly if the dependencies among decisons could initial construction of the system and the process of sucbe represented e plicitly, and more importantly, if the cessive refinement can be haphazard, failing to take coggeneral basis for them could be extracted during the nizance of the rationales for the initial design decisions course of analysi6 and development. This could lead to a and for successive changes in these decisions. more systematic| modification of prototypes and improved maintenance of full-blown implementations. PerThis paper employs a case study in the oil industry to haps more importantly, this knwledge could be used to analyze these shortcomings in some depth, and presents identify analogous features of different systems prean artificial-intellignece based architecture called cisely, enabling the use of cumulative learning for subREMAP (REpresentation and MAintenance of Process sequent designs in the same general application area. knowledge) which enhances the iterative design procedure typical for the prototyping approach by the capaThe paper is orgapized as follows: Section 2 begins with bility of preserving knowledge about the design process, a brief description of the prototyping process; detailed and applying this knowledge in analogous design situareal-world exam#les are then used to show the need to tions. maintain process knowledge. A formal model of our approach is presented in section 3, along with an overThe case study has revealed several types of process view of a partial limplementation of the REMAP archiknowledge that appear to be central to systems developtecture. Section ]* provides a discussion relating the ment. First, the design process consists of a sequence of model to previous work in systems analysis and artificial interdependent design decisions. The dependencies intelligence. We conclude with a summary of possible among decisions are typically based on general applicaapplications whi :h may benefit from the REMAP tion-specific rules; however, these rules are seldom articapproach.


To control ideally the weeds in orchards and systematize the utility of herbicides, the mixing effect of oxyfluorfen and paraquat was evaluated. Combinations of oxyfluorfen with paraquat were increased the control efficacies at any treatment without giving damage to fruit trees and appeared a synergism. The control effects were reduced from 80-90% to 40-60% as the time advanced. However, the relative synergistic index was higher at 60 days after treatment in preemergence treatment and at 90 days after treatment in early and late postemergence treatment, respectively. Also the index was relatively higher at lower dosage of both herbicides.


Northern Primor'e, in the Russian Federation, is geographically related to the basins of two rivers: the Iman (present name: Bolshaya Ussurka) and the Bikin. The archaeological study of this territory is only beginning. About thirty years ago, eleven archaeological sites were known within the Iman River basin, while no sites had been discovered within the Bikin River basin (Khorev 1978). Since 1988, the authors of the present paper have begun extensive explorations and investigations of the archaeological sites in the Iman River basin, and since 1997 on the Bikin River. During seven field seasons, more than 100 new sites of different chronological periods were identified and investigated. This paper focuses mainly on research materials from the Iman River basin. Studies in the Bikin River basin were only begun in 1997-1998, and data from this territory will be fleetingly referred to.


p-NiO/n-GaN heterostructure diodes with different anode diameters were fabricated and comprehensively characterized for temperature sensor application. The circular diodes with NiO anode presented good stability in the temperature range from 25 to 200 °C. It is found that the temperature sensitivity is significantly influenced by the series resistance and ideality factor at the fully-turn-on state. A sensitivity of 2.58 mV/K was achieved for the device with a diameter of 100 $\mu \text{m}$ (at 20 mA) and the sensitivity decreased with the increasing area. In the sub-threshold region, the forward voltage at a current density also varied linearly with temperature. The sensitivity shows high dependence on the forward current density and a smaller current density is corresponding to a higher sensitivity.


These authors do not propose to replace an old canon with a new one. Their goal, mostly successful, is a plea to consider the entire corpus of 400 years of cultural tradition as legitimate precursor to the universally acclaimed Boom writers. Historians may have less cause to challenge this inclusive vision than some literary scholars. The greatest flaw in this volume is that many citations to individual essays are brief or incomplete, and all of the bibliographies are grouped in the third volume of the set.


The purpose of this study was to determine how management policies in employee benefits and to determine whether the company's acoounting policies in accordance with PSAK 24 (Revised 2010). Object of this study is Going Public Companies that have adopted PSAK 24 (Revised 2010). The results of this study indicate that the studied Go Public Company has applied the kinds of employee benefits. Ten go public companies examined authors have implemented employee benefits in accordance with SFAS no. 24 (revised 2010). The elements of employee benefits which the company has applied by these ten companies are post-employment health care benefits, pension benefits, other long-term post-employment benefits. Ten go public traded companies studied have presented losses/gains actuarial using OCI approach at the statement of comprehensive income. The ten go public companies have the largest amount of the loss/gain actuarial is PT Bukit Asamfor (Rp 879.288 billion), while the public company that has implemented a post-employment medical benefits is PT Bukit Asam and PT Vale Indonesia. Companies that have largest amount of a long-term post-employment benefit liabilities is PT Astra International with Rp 2.741 billion. There is one company that use foreign currency (US Dollar) is PT Vale Indonesia.
Key words: Employee Benefits


markdownabstract__Abstract__

Different kinds:
-Cooperation: non-committal
-Coordination: alignment
-Collaboration: sharing resources
-Integration: merging
-In this presentation we focus on collaboration and integration, both terms will be used


Batabyal and Beladi [1] have recently analyzed a
model of competition between two cities that use a local public good (LPG) to
attract members of the creative class. The creative class consists of artists and engineers and they study the behavior of a representative artist and an engineer. In this note, we explore
three implications of the use of this "representative artist and engineer"
modeling strategy. First, we show that the use of such a strategy can lead one
to study an inefficient equilibrium in the aggregate economy. Second, we point
out that in this inefficient equilibrium, the beliefs of the representative
artist and the engineer are inconsistent. Finally, we contend that if we depart
from the "representative artist and engineer" construct and focus instead on
the entire creative class population which we model as a continuum, then the inefficient equilibrium mentioned above can be
turned into an efficient equilibrium.


he role of the education system in assessing students and selecting them for different and unequal social destinations is one that causes many teachers and administrators a good deal of worry. This worry has a weak and a strong form. The weak form is a concern that the procedures of assessment and selection are not fulfilling their technical ends; for example, because they are as sessing students on the basis of inherited cultural style rather than trained scholastic abilities.


The relative age effect (RAE) suggests that athletes may be provided with greater opportunities for success depending on the position of their birthdate in a sport's selection year. While the effect has been well established in men's sports, less is known about women's sports. This study examined the RAE in developmental girls' hockey in Ontario. Relative age, player position, age division, and level of play were provided by the Ontario Women's Hockey Association for 36,555 registrants. Older players were over-represented, and younger players under-represented across all age divisions and levels of play. This suggests that the RAE is present in developmental girls' hockey, the magnitude of which varies with level of play and player position.


This study sets out to trace the origins, development and interaction of the numerous strands of musical composition which, in their various sixteenthand seventeenth-century manifestations, are known as 'cori spezzati'. As the Preface informs us, it 'makes no claim to completeness as a history of polychoral music. This is ruled out by the sheer quantity of extant sources dating from the 1570s onwards'. After a comprehensive account of the stylistic antecedents of polychoral music and some of its earliest surviving manifestations, in particular the liturgical psalms of north Italian composers of the period c. 1530-50 and the large-scale 'political' repertory of the Novus thesaurus musicus (1568) (all but a handful of whose contents are by composers who were in the employment of the Habsburgs), the author proceeds to investigate the dissemination, aggrandisement and, ultimately, the decline of the phenomenon. This part of the discussion considers the music of a selection of 'composers whose outputs in this area seem significant', including Lassus (some of whose polychoral compositions, however, precede the appearance of the Novus thesaurus musicus), Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli and their Venetian contemporaries, the most prolific of those late sixteenthcentury composers who were active elsewhere in northern Italy, Palestrina, Victoria and some of their Roman and Spanish contemporaries, and the most representative masters of polychoral music in Germany where the Gabrielian style remained in vogue long after its popularity had waned in Italy. Two appendices reproduce key readings about cori spezzati by Vicentino, Zarlino and Massimo Troiano (his description of the Bavarian royal wedding of 1568), and an inventory of four choirbooks (Vienna, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, MSS 16702, 16703, 16707, 16708) which are almost entirely made up of polychoral music representing part of the repertory in use at the court chapel of Graz in the early seventeenth century. The bibliography devotes separate sections to a checklist of manuscripts and early prints containing polychoral music, but is restricted to those 'of which the author has first-hand experience'; its utility would have been greatly increased if it had also referred to


The moduli set (2n, 2n+1-1, 2n-1) which is free of (2n + 1)-type modulus is profitable to construct a high-performance residue number system (RNS). In this paper, we derive a reduced-complexity residue-to-binary conversion algorithm for the moduli set (2n, 2n+1-1, 2n-1) by using New Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). The resulting converter architecture mainly consists of simple adder and multiplexer (MUX) which is suitable to realize an efficient VLSI implementation. For the various dynamic range (DR) requirements, the experimental results show that the proposed converter can significantly achieve at least 23.3% average Area-Time (AT) saving when comparing with the latest designs. Based on UMC 0.18 μm CMOS cell-based technology, the chip area for 16-bit residue-to-binary converter is 931 × 931 μm2 and its working frequency is about 135 MHz including I/O pad.


Active learning has demonstrated value in STEM education and various meta analyses show improvements in student performance when making use of active learning pedagogy and active learning classrooms. One limiting factor to extending the reach of active learning is cost. Many models for state-of-the-art active learning environments make use of tools and infrastructure through which students can connect their own devices and share their digital artifacts in real time with their teammates and the entire class. For computing disciplines, the desire to make use of this type of technology is intuitive as it allows students to see alternative solutions, inspire confidence in student capabilities and can mimic pair programming practices used in industry. Still, retro fitting existing spaces or new construction of state-of-the-art active learning environments and the installation of standard, supporting technology can be cost prohibitive for many institutions, indicating a need for alternative implementations to active learning technology which are applicable to a wider audience. In this work we describe the construction, use and initial evaluation of commodity hardware and open source software to support active learning which we term Practical Active Learning Stations (or PALS).


Multiple enemy worm having improved peel strength is added that can cure to form an adhesive having a first layer and a third layer, and excellent physical properties, and improved peel adhesion properties, including various plastic, metal or glass material-curing silicone and a second layer containing a composition. The second layer is (A) a vinyl-containing polydiorganosiloxane composition; (B) and preferably component (B) in the silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms for Component (A) of ethylenically unsaturated radicals in contact insight - hydrogen in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of facilitating - a-terminated polysiloxane; (C) a platinum-containing hydrosilylation catalyst a catalytic amount; (D) (i) bis [3- (trimethoxysilyl) alkyl] fumarates, (ii) bis [3- (trimethoxy siltil) alkyl] maleates, (iii) alkyl - [3- (trimethoxy ethoxy-silyl) alkyl] maleates, (iv) allyl- [3- (trimethoxysilyl) alkyl fumarates, and (v) N- [3- (tri-methoxy silkil) allyl] adhesive selected from the group consisting of maleimide promoter amount; (E) by weight of filler from about 0 to about 200 parts by weight; And (F) and the fillers comprise about 0 to about 50 parts by weight.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative signs and symptoms and the actual size of the adenoid found at operation in a group of children listed for adenoidectomy.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites have been developed for electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) and dynamic strain sensing in for structural health monitoring. For the purpose CVD synthesized CNTs were characterized for its structural and morphology using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before preparing nanocomposite. The CNTs obtained were of about 10 nm diameter and 0.5 µm length. The prepared CNT/PMMA nanocomposite films (CNT 5% loading) were characterized for their electrical proprities, indicating metallic (resistive) behaviour and electromagnetic absorbance (EWA) behaviour in the X and Ku band showing absorption peaks of around 3.5 dB loss at 8.5 GHz and 20 dB loss at 14.5 GHz. The peppered CNT/PMMA nanocomposite films were used in strain sensor applications for structural health monitoring. The strain sensor results closely matched with standard strain gauge sensor under quasi static as well as dynamic conditions.


Modified electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques were used to measure low-field (<200 Oe) microwave absorption of high-T/sub c/ cuprates YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/. A series of experiments on polycrystalline and single-crystal samples in which the angle between the DC and the modulating magnetic fields was varied showed that the microwave absorption obeys results predicted from thermodynamic considerations of fluxoids. The absorption takes place in the normal regions created by flux penetration at low fields in these samples. The change in magnetically modulated microwave absorption on passing through T/sub c/ is explained by the decrease in absorption that occurs when part of the sample becomes superconducting and by the rapid variation of the penetration depth near T/sub c/. The technique is an extremely sensitive method of detecting superconductivity in very small samples and for studying the superconducting state. Possible applications such as microwave attenuators, magnetic memories, and gaussmeters are discussed.


e15019 Background: Liquid biopsy has evolved to be an important method complementary to tissue biopsy. It is not only non-invasive, but also has the potential to detect cancer in its earliest stages and monitor patients in remission. The integration of proteomics into liquid biopsy may transform the molecular diagnostics of cancer and accelerate basic and clinical oncology research. A recent study showed that adding just 8 protein biomarkers to a panel of circulating DNA biomarkers increased the diagnostic accuracy up to 98% sensitivity and 99% specificity. Proteomics also bridges the gaps of functional information lost due to post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications in the genomic approach. However, the proteogenomic approach normally requires the use of multiple different assay technologies and laboratory workflows, including mass spectrometry. Methods: NanoMosaic's Tessie platform employs a densely integrated nanoneedle sensor array (thus named MosaicNeedles) which can be used to detect both nucleic acids and proteins in a single assay process with reduced workflow complexity, without the need for mass spectrometry. Results: The NanoMosaic platform is a label-free, digital, single molecule counting technology using nanoneedles. It achieves sub-pg/ml (̃fM) level sensitivity with 7 logs of dynamic range. An array of nanoneedles is densely integrated and manufactured with CMOS-compatible nanofabrication processes. Each nanoneedle is a single molecule biosensor that is functionalized with capture probes. The capture probe can be either an antibody for protein detection or an oligonucleotide with a specific target sequence to a DNA fragment, mRNA, or miRNA of interest. The scattering spectrum of each nanoneedle changes when an analyte binds to its surface. At low abundance, analytes that are captured can be quantitated by counting the presence or absence of a color change on each individual nanoneedle in a binary fashion. As an analyte concentration increases the binding events increase accordingly and achieve saturation. In this range, an analog analysis on the spectrum shift will be performed, thus providing a wider dynamic range, up to 7 logs. Ultrahigh level multiplex can be achieved by parallelizing each analyte specific sensing area without loss of sensitivity or dynamic range. A 10,000-plex study can be achieved with a total of 2.5 billion nanoneedles on a 50mm by 50mm consumable. In this consumable, a 2,000-plex proteome and 8,000 cell-free DNA fragments can be detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, a full proteogenomic quantification can be performed on the NanoMosaic platform in one reaction, with higher sensitivity, lower cost and higher throughput than is currently possible by traditional methods. In addition, the high-plexibility of the NanoMosaic platform allows the discovery of new biomarkers across the whole proteome without the need for mass spectrometry.


Within a simple formal model, we show that there is a link between workers' consumption patterns and their preferred real wage. A large budget share of illiquid durable consumption goods (such as houses and cars) makes workers more willing to accept a low wage in order to reduce the probability of unemployment, but less willing to lower the real wage if labor demand unexpectedly falls. Moreover, as long as durable consumption goods are financed through imperfectly indexed credit, the budget share of illiquid durable goods affects the impact of inflation on the real wage. These predictions are confronted with data from sixteen OECD countries. We find that high household indebtedness lowers the natural rate of unemployment and increases real and nominal wage rigidity.


In this paper,areas and main factors of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China were systematically analyzed,as well as the development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China.In addition,development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China was analyzed from the aspects of the geographic position,climatic change law in recent 40 years and effects of northeast sand land desertification on wind erosion in black earth region,which had provided references for the research and prevention of wind erosion in soil of black earth region of Northeast China.


Powder is supplied to a shaping chamber without interrupting processing to shape a three-dimensional laminated shaped object. A three-dimensional lamination shaping apparatus comprises: a shaping chamber for shaping a three-dimensional laminated shaped object; a powder storage means for storing powder to be conveyed to the shaping chamber; an intermediate powder storage means for temporarily storing the powder, the intermediate powder storage means being provided between the shaping chamber and the powder storage means, connected to the shaping chamber via a first valve, and connected to the powder storage means via a second valve; a valve control means for controlling the opening/closing of the first valve and the second valve; and an atmosphere control means for controlling the atmosphere inside the intermediate powder storage means and the atmosphere inside the shaping chamber.


The aim of the present study was to study a new antiarrhythmic effect of N-deacetyllappaconitine on the general pharmacological irritant effect on the skin, when applied to the conjunctival sac of the eye, mucosal hyperemia and lacrimation, cumulative, allergenic and diuretic effects. At the same time, it does not cause changes, which makes it more secure.


The objective this work was to evaluate the use of the digital image technique and of mathematical models based on linear dimensions in the determination of the cladode area (CA) of cactus forage clones. These techniques were evaluated for nine clones of the genus Opuntia sp. e Nopalea sp. Linear, exponential and Gompertz models were fitted to estimate the area through biometric data. The Gompertz model was also applied in the analysis of the evolution of the cladodes. A relationship between the green mass yield and the cladode area index (CAI) was established. The CA models were used in analyze of the evolution of the CAI of three clones. With the results, it was observed that the digital image technique presented excellent performance in the determination of the cladode area (r = 0.9998; d = 0.9999; MBE = 4.90 cm2; RMSE = 5.83 cm2). The single linear model and the individual and unique Gompertz models are the most recommended in the estimate of the CA. It has been found that the evolution CA is associated to their length and width. The green mass yield of the cactus forage has tended to stabilize when the CAI values were above 1.5 m2 m-2, and the 'Orelha de Elefante Mexicana' obtained evolution of CAI greater to 'IPA Sertânia' and 'Miuda'.


When an optimization problem depends on parameters, the minimum value in the problem as a function of the parameters is typically far from being differentiable. Certain subderivatives nevertheless exist and can be intepreted as generalized marginal values. In this paper such subderivatives are studied in an abstract setting that allows for infinite dimensionality of the decision space. By means of the notion of proximal subgradients, a new general formula of subdifferentiation is established which provides an upper bound for the marginal values in question and a very broad criterion for local Lipschitz continuity of the optimal value function. Augmented Lagrangians are introduced and shown to lead to still sharper estimates in terms of special multiplier vectors. This approach opens a way to taking higher-order optimality conditions into account in such estimates.


Catalytic hydrogenation of anthracene was studied over Ni supported on Hβ-zeolite catalyst under supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) solvent. Hydrogenation of anthracene in sc-CO2 yielded 100% conversion at 100 °C, which is attributed to the reduced mass transfer limitations, and increased solubility of H2 and substrate in the reaction medium. The total pressure of 7 MPa was found to be optimum for high selectivity of octahydroanthracene (OHA). The conversion and selectivity for OHA increased with an increase in H2 partial pressure, which is attributed to higher concentration of hydrogen atoms at higher H2 pressures. The selectivity reduced the pressure below 7 MPa because of enhanced desorption of the tetrahydro-molecules and intermediates from Ni active sites, due to higher solubility of the surface species in sc-CO2. The selectivity of OHA increased with the increase in catalyst weight and reaction time. The rate of hydrogenation of anthracene was compared with that found for napthalene and phenanthrene. The use of acetonitrile as co-solvent or expanded liquid with CO2 decreased the catalytic activity.


Abstract The material dimension of Russian foreign and domestic policy is accompanied by one of images and performativity. The Putin regime has affective-emotional and instrumental motives. Its main target audience is the Russian public. Its principal adversary is the United States. The decisive external audience is the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), a pluralist entity that is also concerned with past and present images of itself. Politics in this critical international triangle is infused with theatrical, mediatized, and psychological elements, and the (re)construction of national and individual personae.


The Gulf of Suez is an asymmetric Miocene rift 80 km wide inits dentral part. The main fault blocks of the central sector, Esh El Mellaha and Gebel Zeit are believed to link into an easterly dipping crustal megashear. In this paper, the geologic history of the tectonics and the carbonate sedimentation patterns are discussed.


This article is concerned with problems encountered over the last ten years in relation to the emergence of an historiography that strives to be "dispassionate" yet attentive to the social and political processes that characterised the history of the RDA. More specifically, it attempts to place the research undertaken using former Stasi files within the context of these changes, showing how these documents form an unavoidable source for writing the history of the GDR, as well as a (highly) deforming mirror, if they are relied upon too exclusively or if scholars do not demonstrate sufficient concern about the elementary rules of research work in history. In addition, the article attempts to make a case in favour of opening up the history of the GDR to comparative research.


This workshop will demonstrate and discuss techniques for engaging students interactively using visual cues to stimulate learning.   Creativity is essential in social constructionist approaches and the workshop will show how to challenge students and channel their creativity in variety of contexts.   Participants should be prepared to venture beyond their comfort zones and try new learning in order to apply it to new teaching. The workshop asks how these techniques can be deployed to advantage in participants' own disciplines.


In this paper a formulation of robust optimization is presented and illustrated by a design example of vibratory micro gyroscopes in order to reduce the effect of variations due to uncertainties in MEMS fabrica-tion processes. For the vibratory micro gyroscope considered it is important to match the resonance frequen-cies of the vertical (sensing) and lateral (driving) modes as close as possible to attain a high sensing sensitivity. A deterministic optimization in which the difference of both the sensing and driving natural frequencies is minimized as an objective function results in highly enhanced performance but apt to be very sensitive to fabrication errors. The formulation proposed is to attain robustness of the performance by including the sensitivity ofthe response with respect to uncertain variables as a term of objective function to be minimized. This formulation is simple and proctically applicable since no detail statistical information on fabrication errors is required. The geometric variables, beam width, length and thickness of vibratory micro gyroscopes are adopted as design variables and at the same time considered as uncertain variables because here occur the fabrication errors. A robustness test in terms of a percentage yield by using the Monte Carlo simulation has shown that the robust optimum produces twice more acceptable designs than the deterministic optimum.Improvement of robustness becomes bigger as the amount of fabrication errors is assumed larger. Considering that the magnitude of fabrication errors and uncertainties in a MEMS structure are comparatively large, the present method is illustrated to be a viable approach for a robust MEMS design.


Sir, It is now well known that aplastic anemia (AA) may represent a phase preceding ALL (pre-ALL). Despite numerous reports on this subject including more than 40 reported cases1-9 the etiology and pathogenesis of pre-ALL has not been adequately explained. Out of 552 children treated in our department for ALL during 1969-1992, pre-ALL has only been detected in eight patients (1.5%). The table summarizes our material.


Abstract This paper addresses the need to understand the physics and chemistry involved in propellant combustion processes in micro-scale combustors for propulsion systems on micro-spacecraft. These spacecraft are planned to have a mass less than 50 kilograms with attitude control estimated to be in the 10 milli-Newton thrust class. These combustors are anticipated to be manufactured using Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and are expected to have diameters approaching the quenching diameter of the propellants. Combustors of this size are expected to benefit significantly from surface catalysis processes. Miniature flame tube apparatus is chosen for this study because microtubes can be easily fabricated from known catalyst materials and their simplicity in geometry can be used in fundamental simulations for validation purposes. Experimentally, we investigated the role of catalytically active surfaces within 0.4 and 0.8 mm internal diameter microtubes, with special emphases on ignition processes in fuel rich gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen. Flame thickness and reaction zone thickness calculations predict that the diameters of our test apparatus are below the quenching diameter of the propellants in sub-atmospheric tests. Temperature and pressure rise in resistively heated platinum and palladium microtubes was used as an indication of exothermic reactions. Specific data on mass flow versus preheat temperature required to achieve ignition are presented. With a plug flow model, the experimental conditions were simulated with detailed gas-phase chemistry, thermodynamic properties, and surface kinetics. Computational results generally support the experimental findings, but suggest an experimental mapping of the exit temperature and composition is needed.


CULTURE In the first chapter we have explored ways in which speculative experience is suppressed within various perspectives within the philosophy of education and educational theory. When the speculative experience is comprehended as the broken relation of education and philosophy, not only is the one-sided nature of these perspectives exposed, but also their broken relation is realised philosophically, that is, as an experience of aporia in and for itself. Within this investigation in Chapter 1, we saw the different ways in which this experience is misrecognised, but we also, in brief, described the ways in which philosophy in Hegel, Kierkegaard and Rose re-cognises this misrecognition. This recognition cannot be interpreted as an overcoming of the oppositions that are the substance of its experience. Recognition is tied to misrecognition, and is the relation of philosophy to existing social relations, not its overcoming of them. 1 To be engaged in and by the speculative is to learn to live with, yet in important ways also apart from, the social relations that currently predetermine both our experience and the thought of our experience. It is to an examination of these relations and pre-determinations that this chapter turns its attention. These social and political relations are already present, then, in the forms that philosophy of education and educational theorising take. As we saw above, when, for example, moral philosophy posits objectivity or validity as having priority over the dialectic, or negation, or mediation, then it posits itself as a consciousness of the object, but not, also, as a consciousness of itself as object. This is an oft-made critique of such work from within both the emancipatory tradition, which sees it as paying no heed to the universality of modern commodification, as well as for more post-foundationalist outlooks, which see its logos implicated in and by a Western epistemological and rational imperialism. Equally, however, when these critical or deconstructive outlooks give priority to non-objectivity, be it as praxis or pluralism, this, in turn, refuses political experience a grounding in itself and threatens to make it otiose as thinking that lacks objective educational import. Social relations, specifically universal private property relations, are carried within both of these groups of perspectives and their critiques of each other. This is experienced by us in the repetition of such critiques where each accuses the other of varying degrees of universality or particularity. Our experience of their opposition, and the …


As part of the government's Vision 2030 initiative, Kenya's business process outsourcing (BPO) sector has been identified as a key source of development and employment creation. With those in the sector hoping to challenge more established outsourcing destinations in the global industry, Kenya's potential has been based on a particular geographic, cultural and human resource profiling, emphasizing its suitability for voice-based call centre services. In light of BPOs' association with 'development', this article draws upon the people-centred concept of 'wellbeing' to explore the implications of the expansion of the sector and the onus on internationally oriented call centre labour. Underlining the need to foreground existing workers' experiences, the article argues that the picture for those employed in the sector has been mixed with respect to the material, relational and subjective gains from the work. While agents recruited describe beneficial and recognized work experience, the work has yet to represent a stable, long-term professional prospect, with the sector beset by an inconsistent financial record.


Objective
We aimed to investigate whether sex hormone levels including total testosterone, estradiol, estradiol/total testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were associated with macrovascular complications among Shanghai community-dwelling diabetic men.

Methods
Relying on the Environmental Pollutant Exposure and Metabolic Diseases in Shanghai (METAL) study (ChiCTR1800017573, www.chictr.org.cn), 2 147 male diabetic participants were recruited from 10 communities. Carotid plaques and common carotid artery (CCA) diameters were detected by carotid ultrasound. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was defined as a self-reported diagnosis of CVD, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or stroke.

Results
(1) The prevalence of CVD in this study was 36.0%, and patients with CVD had higher rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia than those without CVD. (2) After controlling for multiple factors, serum DHEA levels were negatively correlated with the prevalence of CVD while estradiol levels were positively correlated with both the prevalences of CVD and carotid plaque, estradiol/total testosterone ratio was also positively correlated with the prevalence of CVD. (3) In subgroup with unilateral/bilateral CCA plaque, and after controlling for multiple factors, total serum testosterone was negatively associated with the mean CCA diameter.

Conclusion
The incidence of macrovascular complications was lower in male diabetic patients with higher serum total testosterone and DHEA levels and lower estradiol levels, suggesting that sex hormone levels may be a window for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic macrovascular complications.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus; Macrovascular complications; Sex hormones; Carotid artery plaque


Electron beam welding is used widely in various hightechnology branches, for example, energy and aerospace engineering. Regardless of the significant achievements in the theory and practice of electron beam welding, there are a number of problems requiring a solution, in particular, the problem of stabilization of the formation of the welded joint in electron beam welding with continuous penetration. The majority of investigations in this area are associated with the recording of continuous current, formed in this process. In a number of investigations, the results show the possibility of using for this purpose secondaryemission signals recorded by the sensors positioned above the welding zone. 5–7 However, there are no reports on the construction of efficient systems obtaining information using these sensors. It is therefore necessary to continue investigations in the direction of finding information features of the occurrence of continuous penetration. In this study, investigations were carried out regarding the possibility of using the parameters of the current of non-independent discharge in a plasma, measured in the collector circuit of the electrons, positioned above the component, to be used as signals for controlling the formation of the welded joint in electron beam welding. The experiments were conducted on special specimens produced from 12CrNi18Ni10Ti steel with a section in the lower part produced by milling. The welding pass was deposited across the section. The parameters of the electron beam (the power and focusing of the beam) were determined by experiments in such a manner as to obtain continuous penetration of the milled section with high quality formation of the reverse bead. Thus, partial penetration of the metal 25 mm thick was produced at the start and end of the welding pass, and continuous penetration of 50 mm thick metal was observed in the milled section. Welding was carried out using a static electron beam or a beam oscillating along the X-shaped and circular trajectories. In making welding passes, the variable component of the current of non-independent discharge in the plasma was recorded using a special information– measuring system. The current formed in the electron collector positioned above the treatment zone, with the potential of 30 V in relation to the component (figure 1). The moment of the start of continuous penetration was detected visually on the basis of the formation of glowing splashes of the metal on the reverse (in relation to the electron beam gun) side of the component. The signal of the collector current was processed in a computer. The spectrum of the oscillations of the collector current contained oscillations (detected by digital filtration) in the characteristic ranges 200–1000 Hz, 2.5– 20 kHz, and in the case of electron beam welding with a sweeping beam at a frequency equal to a multiple of the oscillation frequency. 9 Subsequently, the dependences of the amplitude of these components on time were determined (figures 2, 3). In the first experimental series, the welding pass of the specimen with the milled section was produced using


The invention relates to a core bar in a sand model of a lower casting of a low-pressure inner cylinder of a steam turbine. The core bar comprises a semicircular body (1). The outer sides of the two ends of the body (1) are each provided with a transverse connecting block (2). Through holes (3) are formed in the connecting blocks (2). A use method for the core bar includes the steps that two pull rods with hooks arranged at the lower ends extend into two grooves respectively, and the hooks at the lower ends of the two pull rods sequentially penetrate the through holes, small holes and penetrating holes respectively till the hooks are hooked on pull rings; the upper portions of the two pull rods are each provided with a pressing board, and each pressing board is pressed to the portion, at the corresponding through hole, of the upper end face of the corresponding connecting block through a nut; and finally the two grooves, the two small holes and the two penetrating holes are filled with molding sand. The core bar has the advantages that installation and fixing are convenient, the work safety of workers is high, and molten iron can be effectively prevented from leaking when the lower casting of the low-pressure inner cylinder of the steam turbine is manufactured.


Analytic solution of nonlinear Leybenson equation in the theory of filtration is obtained. Analytical solutions of the partial differential equations are presented in the explicit algebraic form. The integral surfaces in three dimensions are presented.


The narrative describes how five warring independent states were welded by good government into a land which by the 13th century led all Europe in national solidarity.


Aim A novel aza-acetogenin analogue was designed and synthesized to study its antitumor activity.Methods Based on the aza-solamin molecular template,10-hydroxyl aza-solamin was synthesized through multi-step chemical reactions.The antitumor activities of the 10-hydroxyl analogue,along with the precursor compounds,was assessed by inhibiting HL-60,LoVo and HT-29 tumor cells growth in vitro using MTT method.Results The 10-hydroxylated aza-solamin was first synthesized successfully,and its structure was confirmed by IR,()~1H-NMR and MS specta.Conclusion The preliminary tests in vitro show that these novel solamin analogues still retain certain antitumor activities,and the polar functional group at alkyl spacer of the moiety would benefit its activity against some tumor cells.


In this paper,hot rolling compounding process of stainless/carbon steel plates have been simulated by Marc software.On the simulated base the most important technology parameter,namely the minimum relative reduction that required for perfect compounding has been found.This result is in good agreement with the experimental results in a hot sheet rolling plant.


A residual generation method for fault diagnosis in determin- istic and stochastic linear time-varying systems is proposed in this note. Based on appropriate assumptions on the monitored faults and on some persistent excitation condition, it enables complete diagnosis of any number of faults, regardless of the number of output sensors. In order to generate residuals for fault diagnosis, part of the possible faults are estimated with a recently developed technique of adaptive observer. The sensitivity of the residuals to the monitored faults is rigorously analyzed, as well as their in- sensitivity to the faults to be ignored. Due to the increasing complexity of modern engineering systems, fault diagnosis, as part of the techniques for system supervision, is at- tracting the attention of more and more researchers. When a system is affected by faults, the purpose of fault diagnosis is to decide, among a set of possible faults, which ones are actually present. Typically, model-based methods for fault diagnosis rely on the design of resid- uals which are signals computed from available sensor measurements with the aid of a mathematical model of the monitored system. Each of the residuals is sensitive to a subset of the possible faults, and fault diagnosis is achieved by the evaluation of these residuals. In this note, residual generation for deterministic linear time-varying (LTV) state-space systems is first considered. Then the same problem for stochastic LTV system is considered to some extent. The considered deterministic system subject to faults is assumed to have the form


In the automatic optical demultiplexing system,the feedback signal is the key factor to determine the demultiplexing effect.So the selection and correct modeling of feedback signal is very important.In this paper,we analyze the influence of coherence of the two optical carriers in different states of polarization(SOP)on the two common used feedback signals(optical power difference and radio frequency signal power)with automatic optical polarization demultiplexing scheme in polarization division multiplexed(PDM)system and derive the mathematical models of two types of feedback signals in detail and complete the analysis of related model.Then we establish a simulation platform of 100Gbit/s PDMDQPSK transmission system using Matlab and verify the effect of the demultiplexing scheme using the two types of feedback signals.The four feedback signal maps show that the mathematical models of the two types of feedback signals are correct,and no matter the two optical carriers are coherent or not,the automatic demultiplexing scheme using optical power difference as feedback signal is effective.However.the automatic demultiplexing scheme using radio frequency signal power as feedback signal can be used only when the two optical carriers are nearly coherent.The eye diagram and the BER curves show that when the two types of feedback signals are effective,their effects on polarization demultiplexing are nearly the same,and the optical power penalty of the system using the two schemes is nearly 0.1dB.


By using two-photon autofluorescence (TPAF) and second harmonics generation (SHG), we imaged hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biopsies from the human patients and compared them with the conventional histological biopsies. We found that multiphoton microscopy may be used to obtain label-free images of liver tissues and may be developed into an effective diagnostic tool for liver diseases.


Objective To study the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus(SA) strains isolated from the clinical specimens,the incidence rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) genotypes of MRSA strains.Methods The disc agar diffusion test was used to determine the drug resistance of SA and MRSA strains.The multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect SCCmec genotypes and Panton-Valentine leukocidin(PVL) gene of MRSA strains.Results 102 SA isolates were collected,of which 39(38.2%) MRSA isolates were discovered.The drug resistance rates of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) strains to clindamycin,sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were 39.7%,31.7% and 22.2% respectively.The drug resistance rates of MSSA strains to gentamicin and quinolone were 6.3%-14.3%.The drug resistance rates of MRSA strains to clindamycin and beta-lactam antibiotics were all 100%,and the majority of MRSA isolates showed multi-drug resistance.The vancomycin-resistant SA isolates had not been discovered.Among all MRSA isolates,the genotype SCCmec Ⅲ was 71.2%,the genotype SCCmec Ⅳa was 10.3%,and PVL gene had not been discovered.Conclusions Among all SA strains isolated from clinical specimens,the MRSA isolates show multi-drug resistance and greater resistance than the MSSA isolates.Among all MRSA isolates,the SCCmec genotype is mainly SCCmecⅢ,which is followed by SCCmecⅣa.


A requirement arose for a low-power microwave transmitter, the output power of which could be controlled over 40 db with a reset accuracy of 0.5 db for single frequency operation.


The active and reactive output power of the doubly-fed induction generator grid-side converter under unbalanced grid voltage conditions will be affected. In order to improve the dynamic response performance of the system, a nonlinear control strategy for a grid-side converter is propoesd under unbalanced grid voltage conditions, combining sliding-mode control technology and feedback linearization theory. This strategy avoids the coordinate transition to introduce coupling items and can respectively achieve the control objectives of the grid-side negative-sequence current suppression of the grid-side converter, the suppression of active power and DC bus voltage fluctuations, and the suppression of reactive power fluctuations. The effectiveness and practicability of the control strategy are simulated and experimentally verified by building the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.


Negative ion production with conventional multicusp plasma chambers utilizing 2.45 GHz microwave heating is demonstrated. The experimental results were obtained with the multicusp plasma chambers and extraction systems of the RF-driven RADIS ion source and the filament driven arc discharge ion source LIISA. A waveguide microwave coupling system, which is almost similar to the one used with the SILHI ion source, was used. The results demonstrate that at least one third of negative ion beam obtained with inductive RF-coupling (RADIS) or arc discharge (LIISA) can be achieved with 1 kW of 2.45 GHz microwave power in CW mode without any modification of the plasma chamber. The co-extracted electron to H− ratio and the optimum pressure range were observed to be similar for both heating methods. The behaviour of the plasma implies that the energy transfer from the microwaves to the plasma electrons is mainly an off-resonance process.


The technical condition of parts is determined, on the one hand, by design parameters, and on the other, by mechanical properties, which are determined by control methods, including holographic ones. The properties of the working surfaces of parts made of various materials differ in comparatively small values of the dispersion of indicators. They correspond to the magnitudes and types of load, micro straining, load duration and can be presented in a rather narrow dispersion interval. The value of the distribution parameters of these quantities must be taken into account, first of all, when choosing a material. It is determined by the reliability conditions that the onset of the permissible load limit is achieved by proportional loading of the entire structure and is achieved with a micro deformation value for cultivator blades of 2.1-3.2μm. The limiting value of the micro deformation parameter is a function of a given tolerance for permanent deformation of the structure and is difficult to determine by conventional methods. In accordance with the developed methodology for the study of parts made of different materials, for example: graycastiron, aluminum, polymers (polyethylene, polyamide), carbon fiber, as well as a reinforced metal polymer, at the same time, computer holograms are recorded in each case. The studies used the entire range of recorded loads.


In this paper,we assume that the standard parameters of backward stochastic differential equations(BSDEs) satisfy weak assumptions.We prove that the generator g of a BSDE can be uniquely determined by the initial values of the corresponding BSDEs with all terminal conditions.The result also confirms and extends Peng's conjecture.


Images describing polarimetric characteristics of objects are more and more used when studying complex scenes. In some cases, only the depolarization phenomenon, mostly due to scattering, proves of interest and estimating the degree of polarization (DOP) is sufficient. For a linearly polarized beam under normal incidence, when the materials in the scene exhibit neither birefringence nor dichroism, this comes down to an intensity measurement in two crossed directions. Nevertheless, the classical optical setup, consisting mainly of a rotating polarizer used as a polarization state analyzer, gives good-quality images, but cannot provide dynamic information. In this paper, we propose to use a ferroelectric liquid-crystal modulator in an imaging polarimeter. We demonstrate the use of this modulator as a polarization state analyzer for frame rates up to about 400 Hz. Provided a fast camera is used, we show that the polarimeter allows us to surpass the classical video frame rate. We propose a setup using a rapid CCD camera (up to 233 Hz). Images in DOP are of very high quality and hold their own against images obtained with a classical polarizer. With a faster camera, we were able to obtain images at up to 400 Hz.


This paper systematically introduces the development process of regional planning in Germany.The development of regional planning at the state level and spatial order planning in Germany can be classified into the following phases:incipience at the beginning of the 20 th century,normalization before World War II,institutional adjustment after World War II,as well as systematization of the spatial planning system.Regional planning emerged along with the continuous development of cities and experienced a series of complicated institutional,political,administrative,and organizational changes.In the end,it develops into the regional planning at the state level and the spatial order planning which play a fundamental role in regulating the development at different spatial levels.The paper deeply discusses the influence of different historical phases on the development of regional planning,and concludes that one of the key issues of the regional planning and even the spatial planning is to focus on the coordination between the diversified stakeholders at different spatial levels,so as to realize with a problem-oriented pattern the vitality and efficiency of the whole planning system.The related experience of Germany can be used for reference for the urban planning and regional planning in China.


The real difficulty here seems to lie in the ' transcendental' character of the Soul or Ego. For Dr. Brown this apparently is not to be overcome by such knowledge as we have at our disposal, even though he can speak of a " knowledge of the pure ego." But there are not a few who believe that the Self—to use no other term—is immediately apprehended and with insight. For them the synthesis presents no such insuperable difficulty. The known unity and continuity of Mind, indeed its fundamental simplicity, have been taught by many philosophers and in many schools. AH the old metaphysical arguments for ' survival' were based upon it. And it is difficult indeed to see how such notions could have arisen save in insightful experience. We certainly cannot derive or infer the Self from the not-Self, though we as certainly can hold the not-Self, as known (and otherwise it has no sense or relevance whatever) to be by way of subjective modification. If this be so, and if we can be said to ' know' any reality, as we all believe we do, that reality must in the first instance be the conscious Self or Mind; not, indeed, what it is, but that it is. The notion of Self—the what—must be framed from its modes of action, in the same way as that of the Unconscious or, for the matter of that, of any objective reality. But there could be no notion of the latter at all, had we not a notion of the former. We cannot create notions out of nothing, or to no pattern. A priori, we must be directly acquainted at least with one real, to be able to think of any real whatever. But a priori considerations are apt to be looked upon askance. There is a more convincing approach to the real by way, namely, of systematic introspection carried out in the performance of willacts (for these acts have best revealed the point in question). Systematic has the advantage over casual introspection, such as that upon which the older view was undoubtedly based, in that the conditions of the experiment can be so arranged that the point to be ascertained comes out clearly. In this way there has come to be a large and growing experimental support of the older a priori assertion. The Self as existent is immediately apprehended in every one of its acts; we reach the notion of its nature only by way of reflection upon them. Thus the difficulty of synthesizing the empiric and the ' transcendental' is overcome; and Personality, in the sense in which the term is used in this book, becomes the manifold expression of what is at basis in every way a conscious psycho-physical individual, or unitary person.


Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have enormous significance for heterogeneous catalysis. However, understanding how SACs function at molecular level remains as a huge challenge. Here, we report a general approach to anchor...


Two simple, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Hydroxychloroquine in pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A applied was area under curve (AUC) in which area under curve was integrated in the wavelength range of 251-261nm using water as a solvent. Method B involves getting first order derivative spectrum of drug solution and measurement of derivative amplitude at 347.80 nm. Calibration curves were plotted for both methods by using instrumental response at selected wavelength and concentrations of analyte in the solution. Linearity for the detector response was observed in the concentration range of 212 ig/ml for both the methods. The correlation coefficient for first and second method was 0.9981 and 0.9975 respectively. %Recovery from pharmaceutical formulation was 99.38-100.9 and 99.75-100.33 for first and second method respectively. The proposed methods were validated as per ICH analytical method development guidelines. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined for both methods.


Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play an important role in communication between cells by mediating the unconventional secretion of nucleotides and proteins, which contributes to a wide range of biological and pathological phenomena such as cell differentiation, immune response, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumor progression. The biogenesis of sEVs is regulated by multiple molecular machineries, generating considerably heterogeneous vesicle populations, i.e., exosomes and non‐exosomal vesicles, with distinct cargo molecules. However, the role of carbohydrate metabolism in generating such vesicle heterogeneity remains largely elusive. Here we discovered that 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG), a well‐known glycolysis inhibitor, suppressed the secretion of Exosome‐like, Asparagine‐linked GLycosylation‐dependent, and Endosomal and Secretory pathways associated vesicles (EAGLES) by impairing asparagine‐linked glycosylation (N‐glycosylation) in mouse melanoma cells. Mechanistically, 2‐DG was metabolically incorporated into N‐glycan precursors, causing the precursor degradation and partial hypoglycosylation. N‐glycosylation blockade by Stt3a silencing was sufficient to inhibit EAGLES secretion. In contrast, N‐glycosylation blockade barely influenced exosomal secretion of tetraspanin proteins. Functionally, N‐glycosylation at the specific sites of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, a cargo protein of EAGLES, facilitated its sorting into the vesicles. These results uncover a link between N‐glycosylation and unconventional vesicle secretion, and suggest that N‐glycosylation regulates the biogenesis of certain types of sEVs through cargo protein sorting.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the main priority directions of the development of alternative energy sources in the context of the gradual replacement of part of the consumption of fossil energy with renewable energy. The influence of the identified trend on the development of the national economy of the Russian Federation is reflected. The influence of the development of alternative energy sources on the economic security of the Russian Federation is considered.


Abstract Abstract. Extra-pair courtship and copulatory patterns were examined in a freely breeding laboratory population of wild-type, domesticated zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata. Prior to release into the experimental aviary, each male received either two red bands (shown previously to be attractive in heterosexual tests) or two green bands (unattractive to females) as part of a unique combination of four leg bands; the remaining two bands were of neutral colours. Females received neutral combinations. Bill colour, which also affects heterosexual attractiveness, was also scored. Bill colour had only minor effects here, but band colour effects were substantial. Red-banded males participated in unforced extra-pair copulations more commonly than did green-banded males. Band colour did not influence male participation in forced extra-pair copulations. Mates of red-banded males (red-mated females) deterred extra-pair courtship more than green-mated females; green-mated females participated in extra-pair courtship and extra-pair copulation more frequently. Results indicate that females displayed active choice of extra-pair copulatory partners and employed conditional tactics for obtaining these partners. Males showed little differentiation in extra-pair tactics based on attractiveness or mating status. However, assuming that rates of extra-pair fertilization are proportional to rates of extra-pair copulation, red-banded males would appear to have both higher paternity confidence and greater success in obtaining extra-pair fertilizations.


Traceability has become prominent in multi-tiered production systems. It provides assurance to consumers about the transparency and quality of the product. Blockchain food traceability has reasonable attention from the agri-food area. To boost the credibility, efficiency, and safety of the food products, the supply chain should quickly trace the entire lifecycle of food items from their starting point to each phase of the networks. Restaurant customers can trace their food from "farm to fork" with the help of QR codes and smart contracts. This study focuses on restaurant traceability as an example, in which the relationship between supply-chain partners and their networks is shown using a smart contract. The proposed system can build trust among entities that participate in the supply chain network, where distributed ledgers are often used to record and authenticate transactions.


The invention relates to chemical vapor deposition equipment and method. The chemical vapor deposition equipment comprises a reaction chamber, wherein the bottom of the reaction chamber is provided with a base for bearing a reaction substrate; the periphery of the base is also provided with a movable baffle; when the movable baffle moves to the upside of a partial region of the reaction substrate, the partial region is shielded, so that a film can be independently formed on the unshielded region on the reaction substrate. Films can be formed many times on subregions on the one reaction substrate by using the chemical vapor deposition equipment. During every film formation operation, the chemical vapor deposition method comprises the following steps of selecting one subregion on the reaction substrate as an appointed region; then, moving the movable baffle to the upside of the reaction substrate, and shielding the regions except for the appointed region on the reaction substrate; next, inputting reaction gas required by film formation to enable a film made of a corresponding material to be deposited on the appointed region; finally, discharging the reaction gas and relevant gaseous products.


DOI: 10.21276/sajp.2018.7.12.5 Abstract: Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. Holarrhena antidysenterica commonly known as kurci, kurchi or kutaj is being used from ancient time. Holarrhena antidysenterica (syn. H. pubescens) belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is commended for the medicinal applications of its stem bark, leaves and seeds in Ayurveda. From the past years, various phytochemical has been isolated from the plant and shown the traditional pharmacological activities such as analgesic, antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-diabteic, anti-oxidant, anti-urolithic and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, recent studies have shown the new activities viz. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, Anti-amnesic activity and neuroprotective activity. This review is a step to open insight for therapeutic uses for various diseases.


It can be said that Wittgenstein"s Private Language Argument
initiated the internalism-externalism dilemma. In one
of its interpretations the argument is read as a criticism of
methodological solipsism. Internalism, in turn, assumes
that methodological solipsism is an adequate account of
mental content. Therefore some externalists refer to
Wittgenstein as their forerunner.
I argue, first, that the Private Language Argument does
not support the claim of externalism that meanings are not
in the head, even though it undermines methodological
solipsism. I also claim that both internalism and externalism
are not free from serious problems. Therefore we need
a view that goes beyond the distinction in hand. To arrive
at such a view I examine John Searle"s account of mental
content and argue that the real tension within the theory of
content is between the first-person and the third-person
point of view.


A systematic finite strain measurement using the Rf/φ method has been conducted throughout the Guposhan-Huashan granitic batholith and its thermal contact metamorphic country rocks,for a total number of 15000 strain markers at 153 field stations.The results show that:(1)the country rocks and early emplaced intrusions and intrusive units such as the Niumiao and Yangmeishan intrusions,and Lisong and Wanggao units are dominantly characterized by flattening strain,whereas the late emplaced Xinlu unit by constrictional strain;(2)the mean strain intensities and compression rates of the batholith are less than that of the country rocks.The older intrusions and intrusive units show higher mean strain intensities and compression rates than the younger ones.There clearly exists a strain intensity gradient and compression rate gradient within the country rocks so that both strain intensity and compression rate increase toward the contact surface.The thermally metamorphosed country rocks of dominantly carbonates on the south side of the batholith show higher compression rate than the thermally metamorphosed country rocks of mainly clastic rocks on its north side;and(3)Within the country rocks,the long axes of strain ellipsoids,measured adjacent to the batholith contact and at the border of each intrusive unit,are mostly parallel to the contact surface.Their short strain axes mostly make nearly right angle with the contacts.In contrast,the ellipsoids measured in the central area of each intrusive unit show no preferred orientation but a random order.It is suggested that these strain characteristics and strain patterns were results of repeated strain superposition caused by multi-pulse emplacements of granitic magmas,and that the prolonged,repeated deformation of the country rocks and the early intrusive units was caused by magmatic internal force.It is obvious that the deformation resulted from radial compression(or push)associated with the multi-pulse magma ascent and emplacement.


General methods in solving heat transfer problem are introduced, two physical models: point and wire hot source are mentioned and using MATLAB to solve the two models by numerical methods, the different heat up power and mesh's influence on temperature field are analyzed. At last, reasons which will bring numerical calculation error are indicated, engineering importance about the two physical models are presented.


The overall noise performances and first synchrotron beam measurement results of CPIXETEG3b, the first counting type Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) pixel sensor prototype without crosstalk issue, are reported. The prototype includes a 64 × 64 pixel matrix with 50 μm pitch size. Each pixel consists of an N-in-P charge collection diode, a charge sensitive preamplifier, a shaper, a discriminator with thresholds adjustable by an in-pixel 4-bit DAC, and a 6-bit counter. The study was performed using the beam line 14A at KEK Photon Factory (KEK-PF) . The homogeneous response of the prototype, including charging-sharing effects between pixels were studied. 16 keV and 8 keV monochromatic small size (∼ 10 μm diameter) X-ray beams were used for the charge sharing study, and a flat-field was added for homogenous response investigation. The overall detector homogeneity and the influence of basic detector parameters on charge sharing between pixels has been investigated.


These three books address standards, critique practices, and advocate directions for health care policies and qualitative methods. The authors raise or suggest conceptual and methodological debates that resonate with symbolic interactionists. Charles Bosk updates his 1979 classic study of normative standards in surgical training in a large, elite Western hospital with a new preface, an amended appendix, and an epilogue. Bosk argues that blameless surgical errors are forgiven; they simply indicate the need for further training and obligate the resident to improve. Other errors stand as blameworthy and imperil the status of the resident and, at times, that of the attending physician and surgical service. Although Bosk's beautifully crafted 1979 study tells a gripping story, I want to direct my comments to how his new sections speak to standards in qualitative research. REVIEW ESSAY


In this paper I investigate a use of the English determiner some with numerals, as in twenty-some. This kind of construction has an approximative interpretation, where it is interpreted as denoting a number within a range. Some cannot modify all numerals, with constraints that depend on the syntactic structure of the numeral. I draw parallels between this construction and epistemic indefinites, and provide an analysis based on existing analyses of Spanish algún.


This design adopts AD590 as the core,it complements closely with SCM(Single Chip Microcomputer) to realize the temperature digital display.The main function of this system is to accomplish the process of circulating acquisition,measurement and display of a certain range of temperature.This design adopts digital display and the circuit can accurately show the temperature value of display.In addition,this design also reserves a remote asynchronous communication interface,which can be associated with far infrared transmission technology to realize the expansive function of remote temperature control.