Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the current research was to measure the effect of male and female teachers technological inclusion used to stimulate university students educational gains. The research have intends to determine the effect of current practices occurring in public and private universities of District Lahore of the Province-Punjab.
Methodology: The researchers structured quantitative research leading to a positivist paradigm adopting ex post facto design to determine the effect of public and private universities teachers stimulating technological inclusion on students educational gains. The researchers administered a self-constructed questionnaire on a sample of 600 respondents. The researchers ran regression analysis and independent-sample t-test to find out effect and comparison.
Main findings: Findings of regression analysis revealed that teachers stimulating technological inclusion affect 68.70% of students educational gains whereas critical thinking and problem solving 66.70%, creativity and innovation 66.70% and, health issues affect 69.10% of students educational gains. Male teachers were more stimulating their technological inclusion as compared to female teachers. Likewise, private sector university teachers were more stimulating their technological inclusion on their students educational gains as compared to public sector university teachers.
Applications of this study: The results of the current research will be applicable for male and female sector universities teachers working in public and private sectors. They will be realistically aware of the actual use of their technological inclusion used to stimulate their students enrolled in other provinces of the Pakistan including Punjab for acquiring better educational gains. The findings of the research will be pertinent to provoke the intends of future research scholars to establish the effect of technological inclusion on social, political, economical, and cultural transformations aspects, unfolding the technological dimensions of artifact, knowledge, process, and volition.
Novelty/originality of this study: The researchers days-and-nights effort bring fruitful consequences in contributing to this evidence-based literature to the existing body of knowledge in the field of teachers technological inclusion. The authors have tremendously determined the effects of teachers technological inclusion used to stimulate university students didactic learning which was never done before from a Pakistani Perspective. The researchers have covered a similar topic to ensure the relevancy, accuracy, and uniformity to engage the attentions of the readers in data sharing.


The development of microorganisms on both easel and mural paintings represents a highly important problem in the domain of preservation. For various reasons a lot of valuable works of art are exposed to conditions of increased periodical or continuous humidity which results in the destruction of various works by fungi and bacteria. Thus, the investigation of the resistance of materials used in preservation to microbiological attack seems to be of considerable significance. The purpose of this research was to determine how susceptible to biodeterioration the traditional painting binding materials, commonly used for preservation (pointing, grounding, sticking of coats peeling off, a.o.) are.


We study the relaxation of nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in binary-liquid mixtures near but above the critical consolute temperature. We show that if the strength of the fluctuations is far enough above the thermal level, hydrodynamic effects cause these fluctuations to migrate towards the smallest wave numbers. They are dissipated only in an exceedingly long time at the largest available scale. The structure factor of the fluctuations obeys a scaling law similar to the one observed in experiments of spinodal decomposition. Experimental tests of our result are suggested and their possible relevance to the theory of spinodal decomposition briefly discussed.


: This study was done in 92 patients presenting to the department of ENT, Shanthiram Medical College, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Our technique consists of mucosal flap elevation, complete exposure of sac with chisel and a large marsupialization of sac. We have achieved 85% success rate using this technique with follow up period of 6 months to 4 years. This technique is simple, cost effective and easy to learn and teach. In our study majority of failures were cases having a small and atrophic sac. We recommend preoperative dacryocystography to identify cases with healthy sac which can help increase success rate of this technique.


Games offer OR/MS lecturers and students important educational resources. However, for various reasons the OR/MS literature in general---and introductory textbooks in particular---scarcely make use of this treasure. In this discussion we suggest that it is time to reconsider this position and regard games as a valuable source for developing educationally rich material for OR/MS courses. Hopefully this will initiate a constructive discussion on this topic that will eventually facilitate the identification and development of good OR/MS educational resources and stimulate the development of new exciting ways to make OR/MS tools more accessible to students and the public at large.


mplant fixation is correlated with direct bone apposition on the implant surface. In a former study it was reported that a new coating material enhances the bone-to-implant-contact in comparison to machined and rough surfaces. This study is aimed at clarifying the effect of an enhanced bone-to-implant-contact that is induced by a new coating material. The coating is produced by spin and spray coating and consists of a silica matrix, in which nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite is embedded. The coating material exhibits a high porosity in the micrometer and nanometer scale. Coated implants were inserted subcutaneously in Wistar Rats. The specimens were excised after 6 and 12 days. EDX and SEM analysis showed a reduction of the silica amount within 6 days. In accordance to former results of a bone grafting material with the same structure, this matrix change is responsible for an initial bone formation at early stages.


In this paper, sufficient conditions are provided for the stability of switched time-delay systems with polytopic uncertainties. It is assumed that the delay in the system dynamics is time-varying and bounded. Parameter-dependent Lyapunov functionals are employed to obtain exponential stability criteria in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMI) for the system. Free weighting matrices are then provided to express the relationship between the system variables and the terms in the Leibniz-Newton formula. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the results obtained.


The appearance of so much excellent work* on the Irish in Ireland and abroad is to be welcomed, particularly insofar as it rescues the subject from axe-grinders. The best work now concerns itself with dealing even-handedly between Catholics and Protestants; faces up to the complex problem of evaluating assimilation over time; makes quite clear that first-generation immigrants, particularly those that arrived in their new homes during the Famine years, had particular experiences not specially shared by later generations; and grapples with the associated problem that migrants may have moved from two kinds of Ireland, a pre-modern and a modern. The last question may be the most controversial, particularly if it appears to do little more than restage the old debate over the connection between Protestantism and success-in-capitalism. Professor Akenson, basing conclusions on the work of Darroch and Ornstein, does not like generalisations about Irish Catholic irresponsibility, fecklessness or adolescence leading to less successful occupational profiles. 1 Kerby Miller, with whose work Akenson disagrees, does not in fact tie 'modern' and Protestant, 'premodern' and Catholic neatly together; rather he sees the crucial factor as the state ofthe local economy left behind in Ireland. Patrick J. Blessing is also clear that migrants from peasant Ireland adjusted differently from those 'from the more modern sector' , an exciting hypothesis first put forward in his as yet unpublished doctoral thesis' but one that needs to be much more developed before it can be fully accepted. Akenson and Miller's approaches are generally anticlinal. Akenson takes his razor to a number of what hitherto have appeared to have been persuasive arguments on the Irish connection with North America and in particular he addresses the comparatively


The purpose of isolated grounding system is to protect own electrical facilities from the other grounding systems in order to avoid the potential interference between ground grid areas. But the physically close distances involved could lead to potential interference problems. The simplified equation for determining potential interferences based on the measured data under the case study grounding system is proposed in this paper. The results obtained with the equation to verify the accuracy have been compared with the results obtained from the CDEGS program.


In this paper the composition and thermal property of soil and pipe of earth tube heat exchanger are discussed. The main factors that impact the soil thermal properties and several commonly-used pipe materials are studied. The impact of soil thermal conductivity and pipe thermal conductivity on the soil temperature field around the buried pipe is very important. As an energy-saving and environment friendly air conditioning technology, earth tube heat exchanger has been utilized wildly for some years. It is necessary to study in detail soil properties and pipe materials for utilizing earth tube heat exchanger successfully. The thermal conductivity for sandy soil is higher than sandy clay loam soil  and heat exchange rate between air in metal pipe and soil achieve  more 5 time for PVC pipe and wet soil with 15% moisture achieve heat exchange rate to air in pipe by 5% more dry soil.


The Elliptic Systems Method reduces the original inverse problem of Optical Tomography (OT) to a coupled system of elliptic Partial Differential Equations. In this manuscript the sensitivity of the ESM to a prior estimate of the background is tested for a set of experimental data for Intralipid Solution. The robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated.


Solids containing an extended network of free radicals have been prepared and studied by magnetic resonance techniques in the 4–290 K temperature range. One solid contained additionally a small amount of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 in the form of nanoparticle agglomerates. The solid without agglomerates displayed only a narrow, single resonance line centered at geff = 2.0043. The magnetic resonance measurements of the solid with γ-Fe2O3 agglomerates gave a spectrum composed of two lines attributed to two different magnetic centers: a narrow line due to free radicals and a broad line arising from magnetic iron oxide agglomerates. In the high temperature range the integrated intensities of both lines decreased with decreasing temperature. The resonance field of the broad line shifted to lower magnetic fields upon lowering the temperature with the gradient ΔHr/ΔT = 2.3 G/K, while the narrow line shifted towards higher magnetic fields. The linewidth of the broader line increased with decreasing temperature while for the narrow lines in both samples this change was small. The magnetic iron oxide clusters produce a magnetic field which acts on the free radicals network and its strength depends essentially on the concentration of clusters. The reorientation process in the free radicals network is more intense in the sample without magnetic clusters.


IP Telephony service was restricted to an outgoing call and low quality since the trust domestic IP Telephony service launch of Saerome co. Ltd, in Jan. 2000. However, Interest of IP Telephony service, which is substituted for PSTN, has been highly elated because of the developed equipment softswitc...


A multi-channel slot structure based on Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) in Ad Hoc network was designed.According to the basic principle of Network Time Protocol(NTP)and the new slot structure,an algorithm for slot synchronization of the whole network was proposed.The proposed algorithm inherited slot synchronization of point to multi-point wireless communication system.The initial slot time synchronization of the whole network was completed after the time adjusting of master-slave synchronization,then the step of slot interactive synchronization started.In this step,the periods of slot interactive synchronization must be set so properly according to the guard interval length,the clock differences and the moving speed of network nodes that not only the network load was not increased,but also the slot collision was avoided.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has minimal time deviation and can realize synchronization rapidly.The method can be applied to Ad Hoc network based on TDMA.


This study presents an integrated hybrid solution to mandatory lane changing problem to deal with accident avoidance by choosing a safe gap in highway driving. To manage this, a comprehensive treatment to a lane change active safety design is proposed from dynamics, control, and decision making aspects. My effort first goes on driver behaviors and relating human reasoning of threat in driving for modeling a decision making strategy. It consists of two main parts; threat assessment in traffic participants, (TV s) states, and decision making. The first part utilizes an complementary threat assessment of TV s, relative to the subject vehicle, SV , by evaluating the traffic quantities. Then I propose a decision strategy, which is based on Markov decision processes (MDPs) that abstract the traffic environment with a set of actions, transition probabilities, and corresponding utility rewards. Further, the interactions of the TV s are employed to set up a real traffic condition by using game theoretic approach. The question to be addressed here is that how an autonomous vehicle optimally interacts with the surrounding vehicles for a gap selection so that more effective performance of the overall traffic flow can be captured. Finding a safe gap is performed via maximizing an objective function among several candidates. A future prediction engine thus is embedded in the design, which simulates and seeks for a solution such that the objective function is maximized at each time step over a horizon. The combined system therefore forms a predictive fuzzy Markov game (FMG) since it is to perform a predictive interactive driving strategy to avoid accidents for a given traffic environment. I show the effect of interactions in decision making process by proposing both cooperative and non-cooperative Markov game strategies for enhanced traffic safety and mobility. This level is called the higher level controller. I further focus on generating a driver controller to complement the automated


Objective: To examine what factors predict adolescents' concepts of their health. Methods: The study, based on the longitudinal National Population Health Survey, included 1,493 adolescents who were 12-19 at the time of interview. Sex, age, grade, family structure, income, disability, chronic health problems, social supports, social involvement, school/work involvement, smoking, alcohol bingeing, physical activities, Body Mass Index (BMI) and psychological health status variables were examined. Using ordinal multivariate regression, self-rated health was regressed on all predictors, which were entered in blocks hierarchically. Results: The analyses revealed that adolescent perceptions of health are framed not only by their physical health status, but also by personal, socio-environmental, behavioural and psychological factors. Specifically, health problems, disability, age, female status, lower income, smoking, and higher BMI were associated with lower self-rated health.


The evaluation of friction is a key factor in monitoring and controlling runway surface characteristics. For this reason, specific airport management and maintenance are required to continuously monitor the performance characteristics needed to guarantee an adequate level of safety and functionality. In this regard, the authors conducted years of experimental surveys at airports including Lamezia Terme International Airport. The surveys aimed to monitor air traffic, features of geometric infrastructure, the typological and physical/mechanical characteristics of pavement layers, and runway maintenance planning. The main objective of this study was to calibrate specific models to examine the evolution of friction decay on runways in relation to traffic loads. The reliability of the models was demonstrated in the light of the significance of the friction measurement patterns by learning algorithms and considering the traffic data by varying the geometric and performance characteristics of the aircraft. The calibrated models can be implemented into pavement management systems to predict runway friction degradation, based on aircraft loads during the lifetime of the surface layers of the pavement. It is thus possible to schedule the maintenance activities necessary to ensure the safety of landing and takeoff maneuvers.


Exclusive breastfeeding has been recognised as an important public health concern for the primary prevention of child morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the WHO and UNICEF have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after delivery, followed by the introduction of complementary foods and continued breastfeeding for 24 months or more. Even so, exclusive breastfeeding is not adequately practised in Ghana. This study sought to understand and explain the family influence on exclusive breastfeeding practices in rural northern Ghana. An exploratory qualitative research design was used to explore the central phenomenon of breastfeeding in rural northern Ghana. Individual interviews were conducted. The participants were 25 and included breastfeeding mothers, paternal grandmothers, paternal grandfathers, fathers of babies, traditional birth attendants, and a breastfeeding support group leader. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analysed using content analysis. Four main themes emerged in relation to the forms of family influences on exclusive breastfeeding: family knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding; primary and secondary participants in child care; family beliefs and practices; and learning to breastfeed. It emerged that infant feeding and care is a family responsibility rather than being individually centred. A family's knowledge, belief systems, and way of participation in infant care heavily influence a woman's ability to practise and sustain exclusive breastfeeding. The implication is that at any point in time, family players should be considered in any campaign on exclusive breastfeeding.


The present invention relates to a display method of the explanatory information, the display device of the explanatory information, According to technical solution of the present invention, not only to ensure the regularity of the display effect of the terminal screen, it can easily satisfy the user confirmation request for description information of the application icon. .FIELD 1


Abstract 1329

De novo CpG methylation is catalyzed by two enzymes (DNMT3A and DNMT3B), while DNMT1 is responsible for maintenance methylation during cell replication. DNMT3L, a catalytically inactive protein, interacts with and influences DNMT3A and DNMT3B target preference and methylation kinetics. Recurrent mutations in DNMT3A have been found in over 20% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and have been associated with poor clinical outcomes (Ley, TJ et al. NEJM, 2010). Greater than 50% of DNMT3A mutations are found at position R882 within the catalytic domain. Because R882H mutations in AML are nearly always heterozygous, because the mutant allele is expressed at the same level as the corresponding WT allele (Ley, TJ et al. NEJM, 2010), and because the mutant enzyme has reduced methyltransferase activity (Yamashita, Y et al. Oncogene, 2010; Holz-Schietinger, C et al. JBC, 2012), it has been suggested that the R882H mutation contributes to leukemogenesis by leading to haploinsufficiency for DNMT3A. However, mice haploinsufficient for Dnmt3a exhibit normal hematopoiesis, while HSPCs lacking Dnmt3a exhibit increased self-renewal and decreased differentiation after serial transplantation (Challen, GA et al. Nat Genet, 2011).

To address this conundrum, we have studied the R882H mutation in a setting that mimics the intrinsic de novo methylation capacity of a typical AML cell. Using expression array and RNA-Seq data from 178 AML patients, we discovered that DNMT3L is not expressed in AML cells, and that DNMT3A is expressed on average 2.3-fold higher than DNMT3B . Interestingly, 92% of AML patients predominantly express inactive splice variants of DNMT3B , regardless of FAB or mutational profile (median ratio of inactive to active DNMT3B transcripts is 3.1:1). Given that the inactive splice variant DNMT3B3 is the most highly expressed isoform in most patients in our cohort, we explored the functional interactions between WT DNMT3A, R882H DNMT3A, and DNMT3B3 using recombinant enzymes made in eukaryotic cells.

In vitro methylation of plasmid DNA (pcDNA3.1) with 3H-SAM using purified recombinant full-length human DNMT3A protein confirmed that the R882H mutation severely reduces the catalytic activity of DNMT3A, resulting in an enzyme with ∼10% of the activity of the WT enzyme. These results were verified by independent in vitro methylation experiments analyzed by bisulfite sequencing, which also revealed that the CpG-flanking sequence preferences of WT and R882H DNMT3A are identical and consistent with the expected "TNCGCY" motif previously described (Wienholz, BL et al. PLoS Genet, 2010). Mixing WT and R882H DNMT3A at equimolar ratios resulted in no significant changes in CpG-flanking sequence preference (compared to WT or R882H enzyme alone; Spearman correlation between WT DNMT3A and WT+R882H DNMT3A = 0.99).

In contrast, mixing WT and R882H DNMT3A at equimolar ratios in a 12-hour methylation assay demonstrated that R882H DNMT3A exerts an inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of WT DNMT3A in vitro . Instead of increasing net methylation activity by a predicted 10% (summing the activity of the two individual enzymes), R882H DNMT3A led to a 20% reduction in the measured methylation. Similarly, the addition of catalytically inactive DNMT3B3 to WT DNMT3A resulted in a mean decrease in methylation of 38%. Combining equimolar amounts of WT DNMT3A, R882H DNMT3A, and DNMT3B3 led to an additive inhibition of methylation compared to WT DNMT3A alone (62% decrease; p < 0.001; [Figure 1][1]). This scenario closely mimics the ratio of these enzymes in AML cells, and our data therefore suggest that the additive inhibitory effects of R882H DNMT3A and DNMT3B3 could severely reduce the total de novo methylation activity of DNMT3A in AML cells. The reduction of enzyme activity below haploinsufficient levels may be important for AML pathogenesis, and these findings provide a mechanism to achieve these levels.

![Figure 1:][2]

Figure 1:
The de novo methyltransferase activity of WT DNMT3A is inhibited by R882H DNMT3A and DNMT3B3. Mixing equimolar amounts of WT DNMT3A, R882H DNMT3A, and DNMT3B3 leads to additive inhibition of methylation by 62% (p < 0.001).

Disclosures: Ley: Washington University: Patents & Royalties.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


In order to master the immune effectiveness of gE gene deleted vaccine of pseudorabies virus and formulate rational immunization programs,the immunity tests had been done with domestic and imported gE gene deleted attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus by 4 different immune procedures in 250 sows and 1000 piglets.During the trial,according to the proportion of regular collecting the blood of immune pigs,the antibodies were detected by ELISA diagnostic kits.Trials had proved that whether domestic or imported gene deleted vaccine of pseudorabies virus could produce a good immune effects which were good whether immunization with the child,or twice a year,or every 4 months.Boar antibodies passed rate of 100%,the piglets antibodies passed rate of 100% before 49-day-old,decreased gradually after 75-day-old and disappeared after 120-day-old.To make a stronger immune system of pigs and don't give the opportunity of the wild poisonous invasion,it proposes the appropriate time for the second booster immunization after the first immunization of the piglets.Only the boars and sows were immunized in spring and autumn,but the piglet group was not immunized and the antibodies of piglets will reduce negative after 35 days,which can not resist the wild poisonous invasion,this method of immunization should not be promoted.


We report a case of Hunt syndrome with the primary complaint of lower cranial nerve paralysis. The patient experienced not only lower cranial nerve paralysis, but also, finally, paralysis of the facial nerve. The patient was a 68-year-old woman. She came to the hospital complaining of herpetic vesicles around the right ear and pain, vertigo, and hoarseness, but there was no facial palsy. Hydrocortisore sodium succinate and acyclovir were administered intravenously.Twelve days after, she developed right facial palsy. Prednisolone and Valaciclovir hydrochloride were orally administered. Fifty Four days after disease onset, the function of all cranial nerves recovered completely.A review of the Japanese literature revealed 44 cases of Hunt syndrome with multiple cranial nerve palarisis from 1954-2005. In our case, the development of right facial palsy occurred later than all other symptoms. The late-onset facial palsy was only 5 cases and rare.


World is now moving in the era of high information and communication technology. Under the term telemedicine and tele-cooperation research series are carried out presently, intended to enable and expand a distributed, group-related cooperative work within the area of medicine. For this purpose, applications are needed, which support real-time control processes, distributed applications, communication and cooperation technology, and the representation of shared information and data. Real-Time Protocols are the basis of telemedical applications. They are needed in almost all fields of telemedicine reaching from communication transmission to reliable data transfer. In a telemedical system, how these real-time protocols are used for communications, collaboration with telemedicine applications is worth to be explored and has been discussed in this research article along with the challenges of real-time applications and their solutions by using real-time protocols.


A statistical multiplexer is a basic model used in the design and the dimensioning of communication networks. The multiplexer model consists of a finite buffer, to store incoming packets, served by a single server with constant service time, and a more or less complicated arrival process. The aim is to determine the packet loss probability as a function of the capacity of the buffer. An exact analytic approach is unfeasible in real time, and hence we show how techniques from rational approximation theory can be applied to the computation of the packet loss. Since the parameters used in such networks may not produce precise probabilities of interest without having to introduce drastic assumptions, we also carry out a perturbation analysis with respect to these parameters. Using techniques from interval arithmetic, we can deliver sharp bounds for the true uncertainity effect. The latter is very important because the packet loss probability function can be very sensitive to relatively small changes in the network parameters. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Introductory Remarks .............................................................................................................................. 1 General Models ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Social Network Theory......................................................................................................................... 2 Theory of Cumulative Causation ......................................................................................................... 4 Micro-Economic Approaches................................................................................................................... 6 Social Network Hypotheses..................................................................................................................... 7 Rational Choice Approaches................................................................................................................... 9 Multi-Level Analytic Models ................................................................................................................... 10 The Relational Approach....................................................................................................................... 11 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................. 13 Literature................................................................................................................................................ 15


The use of contraceptives gives rise to numerous skin diseases. Like all drugs, oral contraceptives seem capable of producing almost any skin problems, some being more common than others. Oral contraceptives also have the potential to improve some diseases including acne and hirsutism.


This study sought to examine anticipated turnover among nurses in Saudi hospitals, and the effect of work environment, organizational factors and personal variables on turnover intentions. A sample of 5423 nurses in 80 hospitals in 12 regions was surveyed. Significant differences in anticipated turnover were found based on nationality, education, salary, age, experience, gender and region. Predictors of anticipated turnover included work environment, organizational factors, personal variables and availability of alternative employment. Conclusion: Anticipated turnover in Saudi hospitals is a phenomenon worthy of attention, and a good part of this phenomenon is linked to the heavy reliance on expatriate labor.


The first records of Sticta weigelii s.str. from Bolivia confirmed by molecular data are presented. The species is characterized by the presence of marginal isidia, which are darker than the thallus, usually cylindrical (not flattened), thin, dark brown to black lower tomentum and often partly yellow cyphellae. Previously, the presence of S. weigelii in Bolivia was based only on a morphological concept, encompassing various unrelated species, whereas the occurrence of S. weigelii s.str. was uncertain.


The method of producing a silicon carbide single crystal, in the powder manufacturing process S1, with respect to silicon carbide powder is silicon carbide source, the transition metal atom, vanadium, niobium, a metal material containing at least one of tungsten , mixed silicon carbide powder, to produce a sublimation raw material 50. The sublimation raw material 50 placed in the graphite crucible 10 purification in purification treatment step S2, the sublimation-growth step S3 is performed. In the sublimation-growth step S3, when the sublimated material has reached the growth height of the single crystal when the donor concentration and the acceptor concentration in the single crystal of silicon carbide obtained by growing on the seed crystal is equal in, introducing nitrogen gas 0.5~100ppm against inert atmosphere gas.


Sugarcane production is an important activity and a major employer in the African agriculture, with an estimated six million people deriving their livelihood from the sugar industry. Given these contributions, any factor affecting the industry has an impact on the overall economy. With a relatively low adaptive capacity and poor forecasting systems and mitigation strategies, sugarcane farming is anticipated to be significantly impacted by climate change, just like other agricultural sectors, especially in developing countries.


Companies do not respond identically when faced with similar environmental issues, confounding research that looks only at external influences on corporate environmental practice. In this article, the author explores the role of internal factors, specifically an organization's culture and subcultures, in shaping a company's interpretations and actions on environmental issues. Organizational culture influences how an organization's members define, or "set," problems and the strategies they draw on to solve such problems. Drawing from a 9-month ethnographic study of a high-tech manufacturer, the author finds that the existence of multiple subcultures gives rise to divergent interpretations and strategies for action for environmental issues and that the relative power of the subcultures influences which interpretations and strategies for action are ultimately adopted. Differences between subcultures and the nature of the relationships between them can explain some of the variation in attention and action observed as organizations address issues of environmental protection.


In March 2010, a series of measurements were conducted to collect synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) data from objects placed on a water-sediment interface. The processed data were compared to two models that included the scattering of an acoustic field from an object on a water-sediment interface. In one model, finite-element (FE) methods were used to predict the scattered pressure near the outer surface of the target, and then this local target response was propagated via a Helmholtz integral to distant observation points. Due to the computational burden of the FE model and Helmholtz integral, a second model utilizing a fast ray model for propagation was developed to track time-of-flight wave packets, which propagate to and subsequently scatter from an object. Rays were associated with image sources and receivers, which account for interactions with the water-sediment interface. Within the ray model, target scattering is reduced to a convolution of a free-field scattering amplitude and an incident acoustic field at the target location. A simulated or measured scattered free-field pressure from a complicated target can be reduced to a (complex) scattering amplitude, and this amplitude then can be used within the ray model via interpolation. The ray model permits the rapid generation of realistic pings suitable for SAS processing and the analysis of acoustic color templates. Results from FE/Helmholtz calculations and FE/ray model calculations are compared to measurements, where the target is a solid aluminum replica of an inert 100-mm unexploded ordnance (UXO).


Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is a non‐articular rheumatic condition characterized by chronic muscular pain. We have performed screening for autoantobodies in 20 women with PFS and in 19 age‐matched healthy women. Fifty‐five percent of the PFS patients had anti‐smooth muscle antibodies and 40% had anti‐striated muscle antibodies. None of the control subjects had any muscle antibodies. There was no significant difference in frequency of the remaining autoantibodies between the groups investigated. The present study indicates autoimmune responses in PFS against antigens of the diseased tissue itself, a finding which may be secondary to the disease or have relevance to the still obscure pathogenesis of the syndrome.


Empirical data have been obtained from which estimates of the bistatic reflection coefficient \sigma_{0} have been determined. Measurements were made on two terrain types (grassy terrain and an area of tall weeds and rough ground) at low grazing bistatic angles of 70\deg, 75\deg, 80\deg , and 85\deg , and 0\deg to 180\deg azimuth angle. The terrain was illuminated at wavelengths of 3 cm and 23 cm, with horizontal polarization. Both like and orthogonal polarizations were received at each wavelength; four channels of data were recorded. The measurement technique utilized an aircraft with the 3-cm and 23-cm transmitters on board; receivers were mounted on a tower. The transmissions were pulsed, and coherent signals were recorded by utilizing a separate air-to-ground link for the receiver local oscillator signal.


The explosive growth of wireless devices requires more aggressive and balanced spectrum sharing and the listen-before-talk (LBT) is still a superior candidate protocol for a high device density. The Modified hardcore point process (HCPP) type II model provides mathematically tractable performances for such LBT networks, but it underestimates the LBT performances. In this regard, this paper evaluates the LBT spectrum sharing performances via a further improved modeling method based on the Matérn HCPP type III. The simulation results present that the type II significantly deviates from the original performance as device density increases, and they demonstrate that even partially applying the type III remarkably alleviates the underestimation problems.


In this work, a new high‐order finite volume element method with good spatial resolution characteristics is presented. The method is based on a functional representation of the unknowns based on the finite element method, a balance of physical quantities in weak formulation obtained by using the finite volume method, and an implicit reduction of some of the unknowns obtained by enforcing functional relations between some of them. Applications to hyperbolic and elliptic operators in 1D and 2D, as well as to Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


1. Normotensive (WKY) and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR‐SP) rats were given methyldopa (200 mg/kg i.p.) daily for five days and their brains were then sectioned and processed with the Faglu method for catecholamine fluorescence.


We present <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ADDSEN$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq1-2584061.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> middleware as a holistic solution for Adaptive Data processing and dissemination for Drone swarms in urban SENsing. To efficiently process sensed data in the middleware, we have proposed a cyber-physical sensing framework using partially ordered knowledge sharing for distributed knowledge management in drone swarms. A reinforcement learning dissemination strategy is implemented in the framework. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ADDSEN$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq2-2584061.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> uses online learning techniques to adaptively balance the broadcast rate and knowledge loss rate periodically. The learned broadcast rate is adapted by executing state transitions during the process of online learning. A strategy function guides state transitions, incorporating a set of variables to reflect changes in link status. In addition, we design a cooperative dissemination method for the task of balancing storage and energy allocation in drone swarms. We implemented <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ADDSEN$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="wu-ieq3-2584061.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> in our cyber-physical sensing framework, and evaluation results show that it can achieve both maximal adaptive data processing and dissemination performance, presenting better results than other commonly used dissemination protocols such as periodic, uniform and neighbor protocols in both single-swarm and multi-swarm cases.


A 72-year-old man with no relevant clinical history presented with general deterioration and cervical pain for 1 month. Physical examination was normal. A full blood count showed hemoglobin, 81 g/L; leukocytes, 45.4 × 109/L (myelocytes/ metamyelocytes 15%, band neutrophils 2%, segmented neutrophils 55%, lymphocytes 9%, monocytes 3%, eosinophils 1%, basophils 1%, blasts 14%); and platelets, 143 × 109/L. A cervical computed tomography scan showed an osteolytic lesion located in C5 with paravertebral mass. The bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular with 89.5% large and pleomorphic blast cells with prominent nucleoli and deeply basophilic cytoplasm. Erythrophagocytosis was observed in 2% of blasts (Fig. 1A–B) being multiple mostly in bi-/trinucleated blast cells (Fig. 1C–G). Erythrophagocytosis was also present in mitotic blasts (Fig. 1 H–I). The blasts showed 7% granular positivity with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction and were myeloperoxidase negative. By immunophenotype, the blasts expressed CD45weak/−CD34−HLADR−/weakCD3 8weakCD117+CD35+CD33+CD36+CD105+CD71++, being negative for cyMPO and T and B lymphoid markers. The karyotype was 36–37,XY,-3,-4,-5,-7,t(9;22)(q34;q11.2),9,-17,-22, + mar,inc[cp11]/72–74,idemx2[7]/46,XY[2]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed BCR-ABL1 fusion with a major p210 breakpoint. Next-generation sequencing revealed an ASXL1 (c.3151C > T, p Cys693Phe., VAF 50,2%) mutation and two TP53 (c.586C > T, p.Arg146Ter., VAF 62,91% and c656C > T, p.Pro216Leu., VAF 39,1%) mutations. A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with BCR-ABL1 was made according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, corresponding to a pure erythroid leukemia. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (fludarabine and cytarabine) and imatinib being refractory and dying of septic shock 41 days after diagnosis. By WHO classification, acute myeloid leukemia with BCR-ABL1 is considered an uncommon and provisional entity belonging to the group "acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities" [1]. Pure erythroid leukemia is a very rare onset of this leukemia, mostly arising from a chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis [2]. The finding of hemophagocytosis by blasts, mainly reported in acute myeloid leukemia exhibiting monocytic features, has only been exceptionally described in pure erythroid leukemia [3]. Hemophagocytosis by leukemic cells has been mostly associated with t(8;16) (p11;p13)/KAT6A-CREBBP [4], t(16;21)(p11;q22)/FUS-ERG [5] and high ploidy karyotype [3]. Focusing on leukemias with BCR-ABL1, erythrophagocytosis by blasts has been observed in a de novo Ph-positive acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage [6] and a relapsed acute myeloid leukemia after hematopoietic cell transplantation acquiring the Philadelphia chromosome [7]. Hemophagocytosis by leukemic cells has only been reported


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique properties, such as their electrical conductivity, that enable them to be combined with conducting polymers to form composites for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). It is envisaged that the improved composite has a higher efficiency of green energy and will reduce the cost of these cells. The use of such alternative energy sources also drastically reduces overuse of fossil fuels and consequently limits environmental degradation. This review compares research and performance between conventional silicon solar cells and OSCs. It also discusses OSC photoexcitation and charge carrier generation with the incorporation of CNTs, physicochemical properties of the composites and other factors that affect the efficiencies of OSCs. In addition, properties of CNTs that favour their dispersion in polymer matrices as acceptors and charge carriers to the electrodes are covered. The effects of CNTs containing dopants, such as nitrogen and boron, on charge transfer are discussed. Also, the fabrication techniques of OSCs that include CNT/polymer composite processing and the methods of film deposition on the substrate are described. Finally, the case studies of OSCs containing polymers with single‐walled CNTs, double‐walled CNTs or multi‐walled CNTs are evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In today's information age, data is the most valuable asset that an organization can possess. In a typical business organization, data is generated in multiple systems and it has become essential to extract meaningful information from the raw data collected from these multiple data sources to set the stage for business analysis and decision making. Extracting dependency constraints from databases is also crucial for data management and database reverse engineering. All the dependency constraints are not enforced when the database is modeled. Many conceptual dependencies are hidden in data values and are to be extracted explicitly. The extraction process is called dependency discovery which aims to find all dependencies satisfied by the existing data. It is not easy to discover perfect functional dependencies in a database because one single exception in equality of attribute values violates the dependency. But indeed, if the number of exceptions is not very high, such functional dependencies with exceptions may represent some interesting patterns hidden in data. Functional Dependencies that include attributes whose domain is quantified using fuzzy logic are called as fuzzy functional dependencies. This paper describes an information theory based method to extract fuzzy functional dependencies.


As a renewable energy,the wind power has gained rapid development in recent years.The status quo and existing problems in development of wind power in East China were presented,and policy suggestions were proposed.


The great Frio Salt-Dome oil fields dot the Texas coast south and southeast of Houston.  Over 2.4 billion barrels of oil have been produced since these fields were discovered in the 1920s.   Currently, oil is produced at water cuts higher than 95% from most of these fields.  With deteriorating water flood economics, over 1.7 billion barrels of remaining oil are left to be targeted by CO2 flood.   CO2 floods were successfully developed in a few Frio Fields.  The current (on 1/1/2020) combined cumulative oil production from the Oyster Bayou and the West Hastings CO2 floods is over 30 MMSTB.   Even with the high volume of remaining oil and the great success of the CO2 floods, some of the Frio fluids are a challenge for CO2 flooding due to biodegradation of the oils.  Local displacement efficiency depends on minimum miscibility pressure (MMP).  Displacement efficiency is over 90% when operating pressure is above the MMP and drops significantly when operating pressure is lower than the MMP.  In the Frio fields, however, the measured MMPs from the existing slimtube experiments were significantly deviated from what is estimated from most of the CO2 correlations.   Therefore, these correlations can't be used in estimating MMP during the screening phase of CO2 flood in the Frio fields. In this paper, the characteristics of different Frio fluids is shown with gas chromatograms and compositional analysis.  The cause of biodegradation and its effect on CO2 MMPs in these Frio fields is discussed.  A new parameter with the ratio of xC7+xC2−4 is identified to be an indicator of the level of biodegradation for the Frio oils. This parameter along with molecular weight (MW) of C5+ or C7+ and reservoir temperature is recommended as the new parameters for generating an improved CO2 MMP correlation for a general oil, while a simple CO2 MMP correlation is also presented for the Frio oil fields.  Furthermore, guidance on screening fields from reservoir fluid aspects in the Frio Zone for CO2 flood is provided.


As the internet application are growing rapidly so the value of data exchanged over the internet are increasing. Security to the information send on the network is the critical issue being faced. Cryptography is one of the area which is developed to provide security for the senders and receivers to transmit and receive confidential data through an insecure channel by a means of process called Encryption/ Decryption. By the virtue of Cryptography one can send the message without any alterations and only the concern receiver can open and read the message. Cryptography is basically categorized in two classes- Symmetric and Asymmetric. This paper provides a study on the cryptography algorithms like: Blowfish ,Three fish, RC2, AES, RC5 and RSA.


The invention discloses a database access method and a database access device, wherein the method comprises the steps of receiving a database access request from a client, determining whether the client has database connection at present, under the circumference that the client has no database connection at present, selecting a database connection from a connection pool and providing the selected database connection for the client, executing the database access request based on the current database connection of the client, after the database access request is completely executed, determining whether the client has an unreleased lock at present, and if the client has the unreleased lock at present, keeping the database connection for the client, otherwise, recovering the database connection to the connection pool.


Discussions and Conclusion It has been attempted in the present study to compare the malignancy of the two transplantable carcinomas of rabbit, both originating from the cutaneous papillomas induced by Shope papilloma virus some 20 years ago, from somewhat quantitative aspects. The results confirmed the generally accepted impression that the Yx2 carcinoma is more malignant than the Vx7 carcinoma. Comparative studies on the growth pattern and tendency to metastasize to remote organs from the primary site of transplantation have clearly shown that the Vx2 has a more rapid growth rate, and shows a higher frequency of formation of metastatic lesions in retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lungs, and other organs than the Vx7 carcinomas.


Environmental variations are rapidly altering plant species and functional composition, which may have consequent influences on ecosystem functioning. We measured species and functional diversity of macrophyte community as well as environmental variables in 1,008 plots in 24 freshwater lakes across Yunnan–Guizhou plateau and Yangtze River in south China. We used generalized multilevel path models to test how the environmental effects on macrophytes productivity directly and indirectly through changes in species and functional diversity. We found distinct species and functional responses to the four groups of environmental variables:water quality, heterogeneity, climate, and topography. Macrophyte communities tended to be high richness and dominated by species with high‐stem dry mass content and long flowering duration at eutrophic, heterogeneous, high altitude, or deepwater habitats. Submersed and annual species with high‐specific leaf area dominated in heterogeneous and high altitude conditions, whereas species with high shoot and leaf dry mass content as well as thin stem and lamina dominated in heterogeneous and low‐altitude conditions. Functional dispersion (FDis) decreased in heterogeneous and high‐altitude habitats and increased at deepwater. These changes in functional composition have subsequently significant influences on community productivity, involving the opposite pathways of positive effects of community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits and negative effects of FDis, ultimately contributing to the observed invariable macrophytes productivity along the tested environmental gradients. Our results provide strong evidences that both species and functional composition mediate the cascading effects of environments on macrophytes productivity.


The paper is based on the results from our recent research on multidimensional option pricing problems. We focus on European option valuation when the price movement of the underlying asset is driven by a stochastic volatility following a square root process proposed by Heston. The stochastic approach incorporates a new additional spatial variable into this model and makes it very robust, i.e. it provides a framework to price a variety of options that is closer to reality. The main topic is to present the numerical scheme arising from the concept of discontinuous Galerkin methods and applicable to the Heston option pricing model. The numerical results are presented on artificial benchmarks as well as on reference market data.


Atypical antipsychotics have become widely accepted as the first-line standard of care in the treatment of psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, which occur in ethnically and racially diverse patients. Accumulating data indicate that ethnicity factors may impact the efficacy and safety of atypical antipsychotics. Given the increasingly heterogeneous ethnic and racial composition of the United States, it is important for practicing clinicians to understand how race and ethnicity may influence the pharmacotherapeutic use of atypical antipsychotics. The three articles in this supplement to CNS Spectrums, address how race and ethnicity may influence the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and dosing of atypical antipsychotics in today's heterogeneous patient population. L. DiAnne Bradford, PhD, reviews the most recent advances in ethnopharmacology and how gender, race, and ethnicity can influence, through metabolic biotransformation, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of atypical antipsychotics. Dr. Bradford will also review how antipsychotic-related adverse events may be associated with the differences in oxidative enzyme activity across ethnic and racial groups and how these factors should be given careful consideration in the management of patients of different ethnic/genetic profiles. David C. Henderson, MD, examines the emerging data that suggest metabolic differences among various racial and ethnic groups may predispose patients to serious medical complications, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Dr. Henderson discusses the impact of these racial/ethnic metabolic differences when clinicians are prescribing atypical antipsychotics and also compares the risks of metabolic issues associated with specific agents within the class of atypical antipsychotics.


The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18 was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction on formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded material in 19 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and in 10 normal cervices. HPV DNA was detected in 16 of 19 carcinomas, with multiple types present in 11 of these. HPV 16 or 18, or both, were present in all cases in which HPV was shown. Six of 10 cases of normal cervix contained HPV; five of these contained two or more HPV types, including HPV 16 or 18, or both. This study shows the feasibility of using the PCR on paraffin wax embedded material and indicates a high rate of carriage of multiple HPV types in both normal and neoplastic cervix.


In view of drill leak,hole wall collapse and long-time leaking stoppage during drilling for leaching in-situ sandstone style uranium deposits in the Yindong district of Eerduosi basin and Bayin Gobi district of Bayin Gebi basin,Inner Mongolia,recyclable foam mud was tested.The test solved strata water seepage,decreased water consumption,obviously raised drilling rate and recovery efficiency,and reduced drilling cost.Recyclable foam mud technology could be implemented by using conventional mud pump set without need of invests for air compressor and booster,and can be applied spreadly.


Aiming at the problem of partial occlusion and stacking in the field of robotic arm recognition and grasping, especially in non-single scenes where multiple objects are cluttered. This paper proposes a recognition and grasping method based on the improved DenseFusion algorithm network architecture to improve pose estimation's accuracy rate and combined with the RGB information and depth information of the depth camera to estimate the 6D pose of the target, and the experimental verification was carried out on the robotic arm platform independently developed by the laboratory. The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only identify the target object accurately, but also obtain the 6D pose of the target object accurately, so as to improve the success rate of grasping by the robotic arm.


Social Consequence, Stakeholder Influence, and Resource Needs for Marcellus Shale Communities by Mary Kathleen Gorman MS, University of Richmond, 2009 BS, College of William & Mary in Virginia, 1985 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Policy Analysis and Administration Walden University December 2014 Abstract The process of natural gas recovery by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a major scientific advance in unconventional energy development. Attention has largely been focused on its economic advantages and potential negative environmental repercussions, while less consideration given to its social dimensions. The purpose of this study was to explore the social consequences of fracking for communities in the Appalachian Basin's Marcellus shale. Research questions focused on the role of stakeholders and the resource needs of localities in shaping public policy. This study was guided by the tenets of the Boomtown theory along with key issues in fracking research such as environmental impacts, water resources, public health and safety, economics, and ethical concerns. An embedded case study research design was employed, using a purposive sample of 8 economic and policy subject matter experts from the 3 most prolific drilling counties in Pennsylvania. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using open and axial coding with cross-case comparison. Results suggested that positive economic social consequences of fracking involved sustainability in providing generational and employment stability. Negative consequences, such as traffic, damaged infrastructure, and housing shortages, were temporary and manageable. Logistical and demographic information were valuable resources for community leadership, and stakeholders favored autonomy in decision making. The implications for social change include informing policy makers how to prepare the local workforce to be adaptable, establish sufficient infrastructure to support change, and educate communities to leverage opportunity in advance of new industry.The process of natural gas recovery by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a major scientific advance in unconventional energy development. Attention has largely been focused on its economic advantages and potential negative environmental repercussions, while less consideration given to its social dimensions. The purpose of this study was to explore the social consequences of fracking for communities in the Appalachian Basin's Marcellus shale. Research questions focused on the role of stakeholders and the resource needs of localities in shaping public policy. This study was guided by the tenets of the Boomtown theory along with key issues in fracking research such as environmental impacts, water resources, public health and safety, economics, and ethical concerns. An embedded case study research design was employed, using a purposive sample of 8 economic and policy subject matter experts from the 3 most prolific drilling counties in Pennsylvania. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using open and axial coding with cross-case comparison. Results suggested that positive economic social consequences of fracking involved sustainability in providing generational and employment stability. Negative consequences, such as traffic, damaged infrastructure, and housing shortages, were temporary and manageable. Logistical and demographic information were valuable resources for community leadership, and stakeholders favored autonomy in decision making. The implications for social change include informing policy makers how to prepare the local workforce to be adaptable, establish sufficient infrastructure to support change, and educate communities to leverage opportunity in advance of new industry. Social Consequence, Stakeholder Influence, and Resource Needs for Marcellus Shale Communities by Mary Kathleen Gorman MA, University of Richmond, 2009 BS, College of William & Mary in Virginia, 1985 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Policy Analysis and Administration Walden University December 2014


In laboratory animals is carried out a study of the dose-dependant cardioprotective effects of the group of modern macrolides with the simulation of the coronaroocclusional myocardial infarction. The preparations being investigated effectively decrease lethality and decrease the zone of the necrosis of left ventricle after coronaroocclusion. The dose-dependant effects are expressed in groups of 14- and 15- member macrolides.


This paper studied the friction properties of lubricating grease with nickel (Ni) nanoparticles as an additive for pneumatic cylinder. Lubricating grease was synthesized with Ni nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5wt%, 1.0wt% and 2.0wt%. Ni nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the experiments, Ni nano grease was used to lubricate a pneumatic cylinder. A novel self-designed friction force measuring system of a pneumatic cylinder was employed to measure the friction force between a cylinder bore and a piston seal. Experimental equipments were designed to assess the effects of seals and lubrication, where the velocity and pressure of the driving cylinder were controlled. As shown from measurements of friction forces, velocities were up to 200 mm/s. These results indicate nano-Ni additive can reduce the friction force and stabilize the reciprocate motion between piston seal and cylinder bore.


CONTEXT: Rapid detection of pathogens in infected body fluids will help in establishing an aetiological diagnosis, thereby facilitating specific therapy. Molecular methods have an advantage over conventional bacteriological techniques in particularly identifying slow-growing, fastidious or non-cultivable organisms. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting bacterial pathogens in body fluids and compare with conventional culture methods. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was done at the Clinical Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology. This was a cross-sectional study design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive samples which included synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, ascitic fluid and pleural fluid received in the laboratory during the study period were subjected to PCR for 16S rRNA using specific primers and conventional culture by standard protocol. Samples which were positive for 16S rRNA were sequenced to identify the organism. Results of sequenced products were compared in terms of number of organisms, with culture isolates. RESULTS: The detection rate of 16S rRNA PCR was at 13% as compared to culture at 3% (P = 0.0009). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 100% and 89.7%, respectively. The concordance of PCR and culture for both identical positive and negative samples was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: The 16S rRNA PCR proved to be rapid method for detection of bacterial pathogens in body fluids. It may be a valuable tool in the diagnostic armamentarium for differentiating bacterial infection from others and starting empiric treatment.


The purpose of this study is to analyze studies that examined the effectiveness of parent-implemented language interventions to improve expressive language and communication skills for young children with disabilities. By describing and comparing the specific characteristics of parent training and language intervention across studies and the findings obtained, this study examines the critical features that may influence the effectiveness of these strategies. A total of 11 studies were identified that met the criteria established for inclusion in this review and each of these studies were analyzed in terms of the characteristics of participants, the features of parentimplemented language strategies, parent training, research designs, and major findings. Of the 11 studies, 6 studies conducted Dialogic Reading (DR) interventions and 5 studies implemented Milieu Language Teaching (MLT) interventions. Results of this analysis indicated that parent-implemented language interventions generally increased parent's use of effective language strategies and the expressive language skills for children with language delays. Also, results reported that some language strategies such as expanding, repeating, waiting for responses were used more frequently than other strategies. In the procedure of teaching language strategies, results indicated that individual training sessions were more effective than group training sessions. Analysis results also showed that strong fidelity of implementation was conducted in studies that used fidelity checklist or encoded the frequency of the parent use of language strategies during the language intervention. In the studies that used strong types of fidelity implementation, children improved their expressive language outcomes. Limitations and implications are also discussed in terms of examining fidelity of implementation to determine the effect of the parent-implemented language interventions on children's language outcomes.


Rape is common but under-reported, with an estimated lifetime risk of up to one in four for women.1 Definitions vary between countries; in England and Wales the term refers to non-consensual vaginal or anal penetration by a penis, of a woman or a man. Serious sequelae include psychological problems, infection, and unwanted pregnancy. People who have been raped may present, immediately or later, to general practitioners or other clinicians, not all of whom may be familiar with such situations. Here we outline the care of people who present after sexual assault; we use the relatively neutral term clients, as suggested elsewhere.2

Optimal management depends on the client's wishes and needs, time since assault, and whether involvement of the police is requested. Meticulous medical notes are essential even if involvement of the police is declined initially, as reports may be required later for legal processes or compensation. Immediate considerations include safety, management of injuries, forensic examination, and emergency contraception. In situations of domestic violence or perpetrator's physical proximity a …


An optical sensor system extends gas temperature measurement capability in turbine engines beyond the present generation of sensor hardware for production engines. The sensing element incorporates a thermally emissive insert to generate an optical signal proportional to the gas temperature at the tip of the probe. The use of a sapphire lightguide allows operation above the melting point of nickel based alloys.Sensor development for aircraft turbines has included flight hardware for use on the Fiber Optic Control System Integration (FOCSI) Program sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center. The optical probe harness measured exhaust gas temperatures in a General Electric F404 engine. Signals from four probes were optically combined at a single detector assembly to determine the average gas temperature. A comparison of optical and thermocouple temperature measurements was conducted during a preflight engine test.The durability of the probe design has been evaluated in an electric-utility operated gas turbine under the sponsorship of the Electric Power Research Institute. The temperature probe was installed between the first stage rotor and second stage nozzle on a General Electric MS 7001B turbine at Houston Lighting and Power Company. Two probes have been used in the field test and they have a combined total of 4660 hours of operation near 1600°F and 330 starts.Copyright © 1995 by ASME


Obstetric early discharge provides an alternative to conventional, hospital based, postnatal care. Clients are discharged around two days earlier than usual and followed up at home by a midwife for up to seven days after delivery. Although previous evidence has shown that health status is at least equivalent in both alternatives, clients have an increased choice of their location of postnatal care. The primary objective of the economic evaluation is to estimate the net economic value of resources released due to the early discharge scheme in operation at three hospitals in Western Sydney. At current levels of activity the early discharge schemes at Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals use more hospital resources than they release. The Auburn early discharge scheme is the only one which releases resources in excess of the cost of domiciliary midwifery care, but this result is extremely sensitive to changes in key assumptions used in the analysis. Strategies which may improve the cost-effectiveness of each early discharge scheme are examined. The results also show that the burden of care has shifted to the community for all three schemes. When client and community related resource use is included in the results all three schemes consume more resources than they release. The ability of all three schemes to release resources may be eroded if lengths of conventional postnatal stay continue to fall in the future. This may also affect health outcomes if women are sent home early without midwifery support. Further research should be carried out on the effects on maternal and infant health status, not only of the declining trend in length of stay, but also of the number of postnatal visits received by each early discharge client. The study results indicate that even if early discharge schemes release resources greater than the cost of domiciliary midwifery care, it does not guarantee reductions in hospital expenditure. This depends on the alternative use to which the released resources are directed. Obstetric early discharge schemes provide clients with greater choice, and are likely to improve the quality of postnatal care. The main issue for decision makers is whether increased client choice is worth the extra cost of the domiciliary midwifery program.


Burden of Marble Factories and Health Risk Assessment of Kidney (renal) Stones Development in District Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Objective: The marble industry�s disposal, consisting of very fine powder, is becoming one of the environmental problems around the world. The current study was proposed to evaluate health (incidences of kidney stones) risk assessment that might result from marble industries in district Buner. Method: A three months survey was done from August- October 2014 in district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Different health care centers were visited for sampling purpose. Results: A total of 1000 individuals, exposed to marble effluents (contaminated water), suffering from kidney stones including males and females in a ratio (M: F is 2.33:1) were observed. The individuals having age of 26-40 years suffered 74% infection of urolithiasis followed by 41-60 years (20%), and lowest rate of kidney infections was observed in 15-25 years individuals. The Tehsil Daggar has highest number (390: 65%) of marble industries as compared to Tehsil Gagra (210: 35%). Similarly, the kidney infection rate was high in Daggar (560: 56%) as compared to Gagra (440: 44%). The most common symptom of kidney infection observed was pain (94%) followed by urinary bladder infection (80%) and Anemia (78%).


Synchrotron computed microtomography is a field that has developed rapidly over the last ten years. The next few years should bring about further rapid advances because of the introduction of third‐generation synchrotron x‐ray sources, rapid improvements in the computer hardware and software used for the reconstructions and display of the data, and improvements in x‐ray detector technology. The purpose of the workshop was to look at the status of current technology and applications and to present some ideas about future improvements in the technology. Brief summaries of the presentations are given in the following sections.


In the present study, a kinetic experiment investigated the adsorption of Zn, Cu and Cd from aqueous systems onto different compost materials. The treatment has been attempted via batch experiments under various solution concentrations. It probes mainly three adsorbents which their characteristics are as follow, 1. Felgyő is a green waste and sewage sludge. 2. Gare is a communal sewage sludge, slurry mud and chicken manure with straw. 3. Sioagard is green biomass/ bio waste. The metal initial concentration solutions was ranging from 0 to 50000 μg/g as contaminants and 13 samples were prepared of mixing 10 ml of liquid with 1g of compost as one sample ,accordingly the fusion placed in shaker for 24 hours thus the combination was centrifuged, filtered and the heavy metal concentration was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each heavy metal treatment was replicated three times for quality assurance and the kinetic data were well described by Langmuir model, hence Curves were plotted for the adsorption of heavy metal on the adsorbent. The maximum amount sorbate of heavy metal (Amax mgkg-1 ) is 44245 for Cu by Gare compost followed by Cd 40107 and less for Zn with record of 26803 by the same compost. Higher amounts were sorbed from Cd, Cu and less from Zn solutions. Characterization of the adsorbents was one of the key focal areas of experiment investigation. The result indicated that adsorption efficiency decreased with increase in the initial solution concentration. At lower heavy metal concentrations practically all of the heavy metals ions were removed by the compost application whereas in higher concentrations the fix value ratio of heavy metal ions decreased to 40 %, however the amount of the compost per sample remained with 1g.


The teaching work is the center work of the school, and the teaching quantity evaluation is the core and base of teaching evaluation. The teaching quantity evaluation plays an important role in the process of promoting the healthy development of school teaching work and improving the teaching quality. This thesis expounds the design and implementation of artificial neural network applied in teaching quality evaluation, and builds the modal of artificial neural network applied in teaching quality evaluation by introducing and analyzing the traditional teaching quality evaluation. According to the examples to evaluate and analyze the model, application of BP neural network in teaching quality evaluation is proved to be feasible. This model possesses strong functions of study association and fault tolerance, moreover both its analysis results and process approach the metal process and analysis method of human brain, which greatly improves the accuracy for teaching quality evaluation.


SUMMARY Human exploitation of beavers decreases the survivorship of adults, but by freeing high quality colony sites, results in enhanced survivorship for dispersing prereproductives. Females breeding earlier in life in an exploited population attain smaller size at maturity and consequently suffer higher mortality than individuals breeding later at a larger body size. These trade-offs between fecundity, growth and survivorship are as predicted by recent theory on the evolution of life-histories.


: The liquid phase fluidity of iron ore is a vital index of fundamental sintering characteristics. In this paper, FactSage software and a visible microsintering test device were used to research the influence of the thermodynamic melt characteristics on the liquid phase fluidity under fixed CaO content conditions. The results show that the laws governing liquid phase fluidity of iron ore are significantly di ff erent with a fixed alkalinity and fixed CaO content of the sample. The liquid phase content at the sintering temperature is the most important thermodynamic melt formation characteristic a ff ecting the liquid phase fluidity. In addition to the liquid phase content, other minerals also have a greater impact on liquid phase fluidity. Decreasing the viscosity of the liquid phase improves the liquid phase fluidity of the iron ore, and the e ff ect of the SiO 2 content of the iron ore on the mixed phase viscosity is greater than that of the Al 2 O 3 content. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.W. and B.S.; Data curation, S.W., W.Z. and B.S.; Formal analysis, W.Z.; Funding acquisition, S.W. and H.L.; Investigation, S.W.; Methodology, W.Z. and B.S.; Project administration, S.W. and B.S.; Resources, S.W. and B.S.; Software, B.S.; Supervision, S.W. and H.L.; Visualization, H.L.; Writing—original draft, B.S.; Writing—review & editing, W.Z.


What makes an ideal keynote speaker? Someone who gives a fantastic address that offers the audience an overview of their work linked to the conference theme, something up to the minute, something new, something engaging, something a little edgy, a bird's eye view of the issues at hand, without unnecessary jargon, but demonstrating keen insights, humour, passion and compassion. Someone who leaves the audience inspired, and a little star struck. But more than that, they should be someone who is present, engages with other presentations, asks gentle supportive questions, speaks equally to high flyers and lowly PhD students, joins in the social events, and shares their wisdom with modesty... basically they should be Stephen Castles at every conference we have ever had the pleasure of seeing him at. The authors both first met Stephen at conferences such as these. Farida, a long-time admirer and friend, when he keynoted at The Australian Sociological Association (TASA) conference in Perth, Western Australia in 2006, and Cat, an early career researcher and fan from afar, when he keynoted at the WA Migration and Mobilities Update conference in Perth in 2017. So to talk of deep sadness and regret at the passing of Professor Stephen Castles seem like mere platitudes. Stephen was a truly global scholar, in both senses of the word, and we have lost a pillar of the Australian sociological community and of The Australian Sociological Association's Migration, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism thematic group in particular. His reach was broad. Originally trained in sociology, Stephen's exceptional vision and rigorous scholarship transformed ideas across disciplines as diverse as economics and geography, political science and cultural studies, history, anthropology and international affairs. The author of over 350 books, papers and chapters in a career that spanned over five decades, Stephen's work defined a field of scholarly endeavour, encompassing international migration dynamics, governance and policy, multiculturalism, diversity and plurality, migration and development. He is best known to students for his co-authored book The Age of Migration, first published in 1993 and now in its sixth edition. A mainstay of many an undergraduate and postgraduate reading list, this seminal text has remained relevant throughout the years as its elegant, lucid and accessible style evidences a detailed knowledge of case studies from all continents combinedwith a rigorous devotion to the theoretical concepts that explain and link cases. Stephen's talent for straightforwardly summarising complex global issues is evident in this classic text. After taking his MA and DPhil at the University of Sussex, Stephen began his career teaching Sociology at the Frankfurt School of Applied Sciences. In 1986 he came to Australia as Professor of Sociology and Director of the Centre for Multicultural Studies at the University of Wollongong, later founding the Centre for Asia Pacific Social Transformation Studies at the same institution. He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in 1997. From 2001 to 2006 he served as Director of the Refugee Studies Centre at the University


ABSTRACT Calculus reform has not taken sufficient cognizance of the importance of altering the teaching method. An experiment carried out by the author in which two sections of calculus were taught by contrasting methods - one by traditional lecture, the other with Socratic discovery - indicated clear advantages to be gained by employing the discovery method.


This study explores the effects of channel-specific perceptions, along with other variables, on purchase channel intention, focusing on accounting for taste heterogeneity of the population. Using data on clothing purchases and intentions collected from a web-based survey of two university towns in Northern California, the authors iteratively explore two approaches to addressing taste heterogeneity in purchase intentions: a conventional logistic regression (LR) model with interaction terms, and a latent class model (LCM). In addition to channel-specific perceptions, potential explanatory variables include general shopping-related attitudes, purchase experience, Internet usage and sociodemographic traits. The authors best model uses the LR-with-interaction-terms approach (final N=310). The results clearly demonstrate the contribution of channel-specific perceptions (post-purchase satisfaction, efficiency/inertia, financial/identity risk, and enjoyment), as well as more conventional variables such as cost and gender. Taste heterogeneity is found to be a function of general shopping enjoyment, and trustingness. For example, the impact on utility of post-purchase satisfaction considerations is less than one-third as strong for people who enjoy shopping more than average (0.282) as it is for those who enjoy it less than average (0.920).


This study demonstrates that coupling of a material thermal-response code and a flow solver using a nonequilibrium gas/surface-interaction model provides time-accurate solutions for the multidimensional ablation of carbon-based charring ablators. The material thermal-response code used in this study is the two-dimensional implicit thermal response and ablation program, which predicts the charring-material thermal response and shape change on hypersonic space vehicles. Its governing equations include total energy balance, pyrolysis-gas mass conservation, and a three-component decomposition model. The flow code solves the reacting Navier–Stokes equations using the data-parallel-line-relaxation method. Loose coupling between the material-response and flow codes is performed by solving the surface mass balance in the flow code and the surface energy balance in the material-response code. Thus, the material surface recession is predicted by finite rate gas/surface-interaction boundary conditions implemented in...


In this paper, we describe a programmable CAVLC decoder implemented with a video parsing coprocessor. The video parsing coprocessor is a VLIW processor that issues multiple instructions and supports condition-controlled instructions to efficiently program control intensive algorithms and customized instructions for bit operations and table matching. The complexity of the parsing coprocessor is 92 Kgates logic circuits with 7 KB SRAM and its operating frequency is 200 MHz when synthesized with a 130 nm CMOS technology. The CAVLC decoder, when operated at 192 MHz, can decode a bitstream at the rate of 40 Mbps, which corresponds to the level 4.1 of H.264/AVC full HD 1080p.


The invention discloses a header. The header is used for mounting a planar transformer on a mother board so as to provide electric insulation and mechanical fixing. The header supports a coil of the planar transformer and an auxiliary circuit board on the mother board or a main circuit board mechanically with certain space adn creep age distance so as to satisfy the insulation requirement. The header includes a tray for maintaining the coil of the planar transformer, and a mounting surface which is rested on the main circuit board adn the auxiliary circuit board. The maintaining device is configured that the header is fixed on the planar transformer through welding and the header can be fixed on the main circuit board.


The relationships among export involvement and export market environment,market-driven organizational learning and new product performance of exporting firms are empirically examined in this study.Based on a questionnaire survey of 220 Chinese manufacturing exporters,our study shows that exporters with higher degree of export involvement and operating in the highly competitive export tend to be more committed to market-driven learning activities;market-driven learning has significantly positive impact upon new product performance;and the role of customer-driven learning in new product performance is comparatively more significant.Some managerial implications are provided for Chinese manufacturing exporters to implement market-orientation-based learning strategy and improve product innovation performance and business performance.


One of the relevant effects of anthropogenic climate change has been an anomalous increase in temperature near the earth's surface. In the context of pavement engineering, materials that are thermally susceptible could be affected by these changes. For this reason, the possible effects of global warming in binder selection for asphalt pavements in Chile were studied. Two global warming scenario results obtained with MICRO5 model plus local downscaling with WRF model were used. The estimated temperature changes were calculated for the period 2030–2059 for the 94 weather stations previously used for the Chilean Superpave zonings. Three pavement temperatures models were used together with these new air temperature databases: SHRP, LTPP 2.1 and LTPP 3.1. The results were compared with the original Superpave zonings obtained with the same models. A significant number of stations underwent a change in PG grade for the period considered. Most of the predicted changes were increased in the high-temperature PG grade. The areas of use for the softer binder PG52-34 gradually decreased, while the areas for the stiffer PG64-22 increased. A new even stiffer binder PG70-16 had to be introduced into the new Superpave zonings.


The efforts that have been undertaken by the Victorian government to provide rooming house accommodation for low-income individuals in Victoria are discussed. A national working group is also being established to identify examples of innovative service models and policy approaches for accommodating individuals with high needs.


Quantum codes are crucial building blocks of quantum computers. With a self-dual quantum code is attached, canonically, a unique stabilised quantum state. Improving on a previous publication, we show how to determine the coefficients on the basis of kets in these states. Two important ingredients of the proof are algebraic graph theory and quadratic forms. The Arf invariant, in particular, plays a significant role.


Optical implementations of neural networks based on the Hopfield model have always found it difficult to produce the negative weights required for the interconnecting synaptic matrix. One solution involves the addition of a positive offset to the weights to ensure that they all become non-negative but this introduces another problem as a dynamic (or time-dependent) threshold value is then required which may be difficult to implement. The dynamic threshold arises out of an inconsistency in the implementation. To overcome this our implementation employs a biased (non-negative) interconnection matrix which is dynamically multiplied by a diagonal matrix version of the neural state vector so that the same biasing is experienced. The above problem then no longer arises and we are left with a static threshold value. The method is demonstrated in an optoelectronic system employing 50 fully interconnected neurons. This uses a laser source for the neurons a computer driven liquid crystal spatial light modulator to produce the interconnection weights and a photodiode array with appropriate electronic circuitry to introduced the summing and thresholding aspect. 1. .


Identification and mapping of Martian polar caps can potentially answer many questions related to climate cycles on Mars. During the fall and winter seasons at high latitudes, the local surface and atmospheric temperatures become very cold to reach the frost point of CO2 [5]. The north polar deposits are dominated by water-ice and the south polar deposits are covered by a thin Carbon-Di-Oxide Veneer [1]. Understanding the CO2 cycle can provide suggestions on Mass transfer and heat transfer from the sublimating cap toward the region of forming polar cap[2]. The dark layered deposits in Martian Polar regions can help us to a large extent in understanding the transport of Dust. This work presents an extended classification of different types of Ice forms present in Mare Boreum Region of Mars from the images obtained by Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Spectral measurements were used to derive indices for Carbon-diOxide Ice and Water-Ice. Normalized Indices were developed to detect the water-Ice, Co2-Ice and dust. At places where Dust covered the water-ice, waterIce to dust index was determined to estimate the percentage of Water-Ice. Using these Indices, an extended classification of these Ice forms was performed. Further, the water equivalent of polar ice cap region on Mars was also found.


Coca-Cola ran headlong into French culture when a hardcore, bottom-line management style met with boycotts in cafes and supermarkets. Even Mickey Mouse met angry protesters hurling tomatoes and eggs when joining Michael Eisner to launch Euro Disney's arrival on the Paris stock market. What makes the French so...well, French? This work provides readers with the critical tools to effectively develop creative and appropriate responses to any situation, based on a deep understanding of unique cultural dynamics. There is also a quick and useful guide to social behaviour and etiquette, as well as professional guidelines for managers.


Introduction Throughout this paper we shall use PPC as an abbreviation for partial propositional calculus and PI PC as an abbreviation for partial implicational propositional calculus. At the Princeton Bicentennial in 1946, Tarski raised the question as to whether certain problems associated with PPC's were recursively unsolvable. This ultimately triggered a series of papers concerned with these problems, central among which are Linial and Post [4], Yntema [11], Gladstone [2], Ihrig [3], and Singletary [7], [8], [9], and [10]. Here we shall be concerned with the nature of the sets represented by decision problems for PPC's and PI PC's. In [3] Ihrig showed that every recursively enumerable (r.e.) degree of unsolvability could be represented by a PPC. In Gladstone [2] and Singletary [8] it is shown that every r.e. degree of unsolvability can be represented by a PI PC (and hence also by a PPC). In particular we now show that every many-one r.e. degree of unsolvability may be represented by the decision problem for a PI PC (PPC), and, furthermore, that this result is "best possible" in the sense that not every one-one degree may be so represented. This result seems somewhat surprising to us in view of the well-known result that not every many-one degree may be represented by the decision problem for a first order theory; see, e.g., Rogers [6]. The obvious conclusion, of course, is that the class of sets represented by decision problems for PIPC's (PPC's) is richer than the class of sets represented by decision problems for first order theories.


Two glass prisms are brought in close proximity. The evanescent field fromthe total internal reflection in one prism is used to obtain a beam with an irradiance tunableover 110 dB, with potential applications from medicine to materials processing.


What does it mean to "perform" translation? In one sense the verb "perform" simply means "to do or to complete." But a semantic subset of such "doing" is "to act, as in a play." Literary translation has frequently been described with both these meanings in mind. Translation is definitely something one does. But as Edith Grossman has noted, it can also be considered a "kind of interpretive performance, bearing the same relationship to the original text as the actor's work does to the script." Like an actor, a translator might be said to "perform" a source text for her new public, hearing the "voice" of the author and the sounds of the text in her own mind and then interpreting through different words, in her own voice (Grossman 2010, 11–12). Translation is, in this sense, a verbal play in which both a "me" and a "not-me" take active roles. It is also one that consciously and unconsciously acts with a range of other voices – intertexts or previous translations – as it performs for its audience and invites their response. But for twenty-first-century students of translation studies, the phrase "performing translation" also evokes two related though hardly identical terms of art – "performative" and "performativity" – which speak not only to issues of doing and acting, but to philosophy of language and gender identities. The term "performative" evokes J. L. Austin's distinction between ordinary, constative statements that "say," and performative statements that "do" – that perform an action in themselves (Austin 1962, 3–6). A category extended and critiqued by Jacques Derrida in a longer discussion of citationality or iterability (Derrida 1988), Austin's performative has more recently emerged as a salient element in literary and cultural theory, not least through Judith Performing Translation


Researching GAAP Problems Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Cash, Receivables, and Prepaid Expenses Short-Term Investments and Finanical Instruments Inventory Special Revenue Recognition Areas Long-Lived Assets Investments Business Combinations and Consolidated Financial Statements Current Liabilities and Contingencies Long-Term Debt Accounting for Leases Accounting for Income Taxes Accounting for Pensions Stockholders' Equity Earnings Per Share Interim and Segment Reporting Accounting Changes and Correction of Errors Foreign Currency Personal Financial Statements Specialized Industry GAAP Appendix 1999 Self-Study CPE Program Index.


From the study of costume style and color and hairstyles painted on the wall of Xi'an Polytechnic University,the hat which represented a person's social status was not often wore in ordinary life.Instead,a piece of cloth,even simply wore hair up was quiet regular.Gown,jacket made up for the upper coat and blue,red,pale gray were primary.Large pants went with upper coat,white seemed common.There can be seen no difference between sex.Men's hairstyle were quite simple,round or flat hair buns,while high buns were popular among women,some put hairpins with pendants into it.


Magnetic field modulation recording (MFM) on a magneto-optical (MO) disk has the advantage of being able to write shorter marks corresponding to higher linear recording density. We reported on an approach to increasing the recording density in an MO disk by improving the signal to noise-ratio (SNR) and optimizing the conventional media structure[1]. The conventional edge detection method combined with a run-length limited (RLL) code has the limitation of detecting recorded bits at linear densities where the minimum carrier level is small because of increasing intersymbol interference (ISI). The partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detection method is well known for being efficient especially for channels that suffers severe ISI but has good linearity.


The paper analyzes the shortage of linear programming method and barycenter method in choice of logistics center, describes a new idea of shortcut algorithm in chart theory and the idea will conform to the fact and be reasonable.


Widening wealth gaps in Western democracies have brought new scrutiny to relationships between property and political community. For the prior quarter century, Western legal scholars have urged privatization around the globe as the key to a virtuous circle of "market democracy." This Article traces origins of the market democracy consensus to ideas that identify positive features of political community -- liberty, wealth, or democracy -- with private property ownership. Fieldwork in Ukraine, where Western privatization advice was followed at a time of founding a new polity, provides data to compare predictions with outcomes. Two unexpected figures -- the Oligarch and the Precariat -- emerge from the newly privatized countryside. Research into the micropractices of privatization counterintuitively exposes private property as potentially working against democracy. The findings from this research are that oligarchy is a possibility, distribution is a problem, and relationships between property and democracy are not always mutually felicitous.


Abstract : The Construct technical report describes the Construct model and lists the theories which it incorporates. Scientific literature that has used the model is listed as well as representative examples of real-world use within organizations. The report also defines the input and output variables and describes the various input and output files used with Construct. System requirements and performance characteristics are provided. Illustrative examples furnish a minitutorial on how to run virtual experiments with Construct.


After attempts at signing and reduced speeds, the Utah Highway Department elected to try escape lanes to stop runaway trucks in Parleys Canyon. The effectiveness of pea gravel is discussed, as are design features. Statistics indicate that the lane is well used, and that the accident rate on the road has decreased. Some improvements have been made following suggestions from towing companies. The only remaining problems are automobile failure to yield right-of-way to trucks trying to reach the lane, and people parking in the entrance to the escape route.