The emerging wireless networks are becoming an essential part of medical solutions due to its increasing accessibility for healthcare professionals/patients by reducing healthcare costs. Hence it is essential to secure the network against attacks most importantly flooding attack that makes the entire network to degrade. In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET), each and every node act as transmitter and receiver and are assumed working with co-operative nature. There is no base station to control the moving nodes, so there is no security to protect the nodes. Therefore any node in MANET can act as a misbehaving/selfish node that affects the co-operative nature. This becomes hectic when the network is being utilized in medical field to send highly confidential/immediately needed information of patients. Watchdog is a well known mechanism to detect and prevent the selfish nodes. The detection of selfish nodes performed by watchdogs may fail, where it can give false positives and false negatives that can induce to poor performance. This is important on networks that need high security, where sometimes watchdog fails to detect the selfish nodes. In order to avoid these problems, Modified Collaborative Contact based Watchdog (CoCoWa) is designed and the attacker node is detected with reduced overhead. Thus, the proposed work introduces CoCoWa, an approach based on the diffusion of local selfish nodes when a contact occurs, so that information about the selfish nodes is quickly propagated. The collaborative approach is simulated in NS2 and the results are obtained. The important performance metrics such as overhead, end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio are taken into consideration for performance evaluation. The overhead is reduced and the other metrics are obtained with increased performance.


We give a general approach to innnite dimensional non-Gaussian Analysis which generalizes the work ADKS94] to measures which possess more singular logarithmic derivative. This framework also includes the possibility to handle measures of Poisson type.


This article presents a case report of endodontic treatment and apicectomy as well as enucleation of large radicular cyst associated with maxillary right central, lateral and canine teeth accompanying labial expansion. Cystic lesion was removed surgically under local anesthesia and apicectomies were done after the completion of root canal treatment.


Issues in for-profit scholarly publishing are not new. We are an electronic resources librarian and a systems librarian, and in the course of our research on unaffiliated users and academic libraries, we continued to identify and be stymied by trends in vendor technologies, systems, sales models, and products that caused concern. We hope to share these concerns, summarize the landscape, and also provide some advice on possibilities for collective action as we move forward.


Introducing an electric conductor into a region pervaded by an initial electric potential perturbs that potential by inducing a charge distribution on the conductor's surface, necessary to guarantee that the surface is an equipotential of the total potential. Some numerical method is required to compute the perturbation potential, when the conductor's shape does not admit a standard analytic solution. For two‐dimensional situations, a method is proposed for solving for the perturbation potential that involves expansion of the boundary perturbation potential and its normal derivative as truncated Fourier series. This boundary potential is known to within an additive constant from the requirement that its sum with the initial potential must be a constant. The standard representation theorem for the Dirichlet problem gives a consistency relation between the boundary function and its normal derivative, which here becomes a set of linear algebraic relations between Fourier series coefficients, with matrix entries found by appropriate applications of the fast Fourier transform. These are solved for the boundary derivative coefficients; at any point exterior to the conductor, the perturbation potential can then be evaluated from the two sets of Fourier coefficients, using further application of the fast Fourier transform. Examples are shown for two conductor shapes, with several initial potentials. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17: 673–683, 2001


According to the main project geological problems in the address selection of a wind electricity farm in rockbase mountain area,it illustrates the address selection of wind electricity farms from regional structural stability and mountain stability.Meanwhile,it discusses how to solve the stability problems of machine location selection and puts some attentions to geological problems in the geological work of wind electricity farms.


In the last few years, uncertainty management has come to be recognized as a fundamental aspect of data integration. It is now accepted that it may not be possible to remove uncertainty generated during data integration processes and that uncertainty in itself may represent a source of relevant information. Several issues, such as the aggregation of uncertain mappings and the querying of uncertain mediated schemata, have been addressed by applying well-known uncertainty management theories. However, several problems lie unresolved. This article sketches an initial picture of this highly active research area; it details existing works in the light of a homogeneous framework, and identifies and discusses the leading issues awaiting solutions.


This study was conducted in order to investigate the ability of Jasminum azoricum L. to regenerate in vitro through two waiys; in the first way: nodal explants were cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of BA ( 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0 , 4.0 , or 6.0 ) mg/L for direct shoot proliferation. The results showed that BA in concentration 2.0 mg/L gave the best result in shoot number( 2.5 ), while the control was the best in shoot length ( 2.51 cm ) and number of nodes per shoot( 4.5 node / shoot ) than other treatments. In the second method: internodal explants were cultured on MS containing BA( 0.0 , 2.0 , 4.0 , or 6.0 ) mg/L with 2,4-D ( 0.0, 0.01 , 0.05 or 0.1) mg/L for callus induction and indirect regeneration of shoots. The highest percent of callus induction ( 100% ) was seen in MS supplemented with 4.0 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 6.0 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D. The proliferated callus was transferred into MS medium supplemented with BA ( 0.0 , 2.0 , 4.0 , or 6.0 ) mg/L with Kin ( 0.0 or 2.0) mg/L for adventitious buds regeneration. The highest number of buds (10.1) was seen in the combination 4.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L Kin. In vitro rooting was achieved in medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized.


The potential welfare benefits of unemployment insurance, along with the optimal replacement ratio, are studied using a quantitative dynamic general equilibrium model. To provide a role for unemployment insurance, agents in our economy face exogenous idiosyncratic employment shocks and are unable to borrow or insure themselves through private markets. In the absence of moral hazard, replacement ratios as high as .65 are optimal and the welfare benefits of unemployment insurance are quite large. However, if there is moral hazard and the replacement ratio is not set optimally, but is instead set to an empirically plausible value, the economy can be much worse off than it would be without unemployment insurance.


Abs t rac t . This paper presents some of the features of the constraint language Toupie (version 0.26). Toupie is basically a/z-calculus intepreter. Variables takes their values in finite domains, i.e. finite sets of symbolic or numerical constants. Toupie integrates a solver for systems of linear inequations over finite domains and uses an extension of Bryant's binary decision diagrams to encode relations. Combination of/,-calculus expressiveness, efficient coding and manipulation of relations through the use of n-ary decision diagrams and constraint solving technics make Toupie a powerfull tool to perform system of communicating processes analyses.


This study presents the consumers' intention to purchase organic food products in Pontina Province(Italy). 280 consumers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to examine the perception of the people about organic products and assess their readiness to pay for these products. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using chi-square test and two way ANOVA. The main aim of this paper is to derive information that may contribute to better strategic and tactical marketing decisions. Results indicated that the intention to buy organic products are influenced by the perception about the value of organic products and by the belief on the health and safety of the product, and confirm that the main barrier to increasing the market share is consumer information. Moreover, the paper revealed that all respondents are willing to pay premium price, but the level of acceptability varies considerably .


Writing this article presents me with an opportunity to look closely at the last speech that my father and mentor, Professor Michael (Mike) Rosenak z"l gave before his passing in 2013. I will write about this speech from a perspective that is based on my intimate familiarity with the questions that concerned him throughout his life. I will offer a close description of this speech after articulating several of the basic concepts which accompanied my father's teaching throughout his career. It seems to me that toward the end of his life, a new motif appeared in my father's educational philosophy that stemmed from this process. I wish to show how this motif was expressed very gently and subtly in the final speech.


Quinones. XIII. Synthesis of 4,5,9,10-Tetrahydropyrene-2,7-dione and Attempted Preparation of Pyrene-2,7-dione

The titel quinones 7 and 9 are of interest as electron acceptors for organic conductors. The synthesis of their conjugate hydroquinones 6 and 8 via the metacyclophane derivative 3 is described. The tetrahydropyrene-2,7-dione 7 – obtained by oxidation of 6 – possesses only a limited stability, whereas pyrene-2,7-dion (9) proved to unstable to be isolated.


For the belief crises in contemporary China,some scholars try to solve it by reconstructing Chinese belief of religion,but it may not be feasible in China because the long Confucian cultural tradition advocate "respecting the God,estranging from it".In view of Chinese long cultural tradition of moral belief,we can construct a moral belief system with Chinese cultural characteristics on the request of risk society,strengthen moral belief education,promote the moral education from moral knowledge to belief breeding so as to fundamentally solve the belief crises.


Fourteen pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) genotypes were evaluated for their yield performance at two locations during kharif season of 2009-10 and 2010-11. A significant genotypic difference for yield character was observed. Highly significant genotype–environment interaction indicated differential response of the genotypes to the environmental changes. The stability analysis showed significance of linear component of variation for grain yield. The genotypes TJT-501 (1728.667Kg/Ha) and GRG-2009-3 (1570.000 Kg/Ha) exhibited low meanperformance along with regression value nearer to unity (bi=1) and non significant deviation from regression (S2 di=0) indicating, the high stability and wider adaptability across the different environments. The genotype ICPH-2671 (3134.833 Kg/Ha) exhibited highest mean value and regression value (bi>1) and non significant deviation (S2 di 1) and significant deviation (S2 di < 0) value indicating adapted for high performance environments showing these genotypes are sensitive to environments and give maximum yield when inputs are not limited.


This paper concentrates on a systematic approach to modelling the electro-thermal interaction in RF high power bipolar transistors. This research is principally motivated by an increasing demand from designers of power transistors for predictive models. The modelling of the electro-thermal interaction is very important in power transistors, since large dissipations lead to a significant increase in temperature. The temperature increase in turn changes the electrical behavior of the transistor.


Effective interpretation of microseismic images requires fundamental quality and confidence information about the seismogram data and final image. A comprehensive report is described which effectively and concisely documents the critical parameters for quality control and assurance. The report includes documentation of the signal-to-noise ratio and arrival time and direction residuals, which is summarized with a unique confidence factor for each event. Background noise and magnitude distribution is documented to examine the image completeness, and can be used to assess whether the entire seismic deformation has been detected. Finally, images of location uncertainties from both the arrival time and direction components and the velocity model are also included. The report allows an interpreter to define the confidence in either regions or through the entire microseismic image, and also for the recorded trace data and computed seismic parameters.


A new method for evaluating physical fitness, based on the use of a grid to aid in this purpose, is described in the present paper. The method is particularly adapted to clinical work, since it requires as initial measurements merely routine data on weight, height and age. In return for these data, and these alone, it supplies objective ratings on physique (body build), development, nutritional grade, physical status and age advancement and, in addition, information on certain other items of importance. A concrete record is thus constructed which complements the subjective result gained by clinical examination. It is, therefore, a special purpose of this paper to show how the grid may aid medical examiners in judging the individual physical state and progress during the long period extending from the close of infancy to fully established maturity. THE NEED FOR A NEW METHOD The need for an instrument of


A new heating method using temperature sensitive ferrite with accurate and automatic temperature regulation was developed for interstitial hyperthermia. The temperature characteristics were evaluated and hyperthermia was performed by this method in 13 rats with experimental tumors, and the tumor disappeared in 5 rats. The normal brain of the rat was heated and the device did not damage the normal tissue.


Periodonaphthalene was synthesized in 12.6% yield by permercuration of naphthalene, followed by iododemercuration in a solution of potassium triiodide. MS and elemental analyses established the compound's identity and purity, respectively. We propose two potential applications for periodonaphthalene.


A study has been made of the value of the augmented histamine test with medical vagotomy in pre‐selecting the most appropriate operation for any individual patient requiring elective surgery for duodenal ulcer. One hundred consecutive patients were studied. The selection procedure altered the otherwise preferred operation of vagotomy and gastro‐jejunostomy in only eight cases—five patients being treated by vagotomy and anirectomy and three by partial gastrectomy. The results are discussed, and it is concluded that the use of these tests as a preoperative selective procedure is unjustified. Copyright


Pyhäsalmi mine, an underground copper mine at Pyhäjärvi, Finland, have experienced induced seismicity due to ore excavation for over half of a century. In the change of millennia the discovery of new VMS ore body, at a depth of 1000 meter to 1425 meters, moved the mining operation even to higher stress conditions that caused rock mechanical problems. The microseismic activity raised immediately after the construction of the new mine area began. In order to monitor the occurring seismicity, Pyhäsalmi mine acquired a passive microseismic monitoring network, designed by Institute of Mine Seismology (IMS), to automatically detect, localize and analyze seismic events. Over the years, the monitoring system has detected more than 250000 seismic events and these events have been manually reprocessed afterward for more detailed analysis. The stored seismic data includes the waveform data and calculated event parameters.


ABSTRACT Four commercially used moisture meters were compared with the official United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) air-oven method to measure the moisture content of 879 samples of corn collected from the 1979 and 1980 harvests. The moisture content of these samples ranged from 11% to 38% (wet basis). All meters were found initially to have statistically significant calibration biases ranging from 1.5% high to 3.5% low. A recalibration before the 1980 harvest reduced both the previous bias and the difference in readings among the meters. Random variations could be traced to three sources: different electrical properties of the grain samples at the same moisture content, meter precision, and oven precision. The proportion of the total variance of each was approximately 85%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. The measured total variance could be estimated as a quadratic function of moisture content, which yielded the minimum value of ± 0.8% within the range of 15.5 - 20.0% moisture content.


Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are considered to be the wave of the future. Combined use of these two types of materials to overcome the challenges associated with existing and new infrastructures has become a major research field in Civil Engineering in the last two decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the behavior and failure of FRP-concrete systems where FRP is used as internal or external reinforcement in addition to or instead of the conventional steel reinforcement. While structural engineers explore infrastructure related use of FRP-concrete systems, recent research breakthroughs regarding both concrete and FRP materials enabled by investigations at small scales have opened up new horizons for further improving the performance of FRP-concrete systems and coping with challenges. This paper summarizes the current state of research and progress related to FRP-concrete systems with emphasis on elastic, strength and interface fracture properties in an attempt to shed light on future research trends and potential improvements in the performance of FRP-concrete systems.


Control charts are based on the quality characteristics measurement in the course of time. There are some situations such as measurement error, sophisticated measurement instruments, costly skilled inspectors, environmental condition and imprecise specification limits that the quality characteristics of the products cannot be measured precisely. Fuzzy set theory is a well-known and proven technique in the case of imprecise, vague and uncertain situations. In the literature of control charts, there are also some research used fuzzy set theory that construct fuzzy control charts, determines the process condition by using transformation and defuzzification techniques (indirectly) which may reduce some useful information from the process. In this paper, we study constructing X control charts, when the observations are generalized intuitionistic fuzzy number. First, we introduce generalize trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy number (GTrIFNB). In this situation, control charts are constructed by using GTrIFNB, which are developed using upper and lower control limits. The article also presents a fuzzy decision for in control or out of control of the process, in which membership and non-membership degrees of in and out of control states of process mean is computed. An application is presented for the proposed fuzzy control charts.


The modal fields and propagation coefficients of a 4-region optical waveguide with diffused boundaries are determined using conventional perturbation theory.


Advances in modern artificial intelligence (AI) have inspired a paradigm shift in human neuroscience, yielding large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets that provide high-resolution brain responses to tens of thousands of naturalistic visual stimuli. Because such experiments necessarily involve brief stimulus durations and few repetitions of each stimulus, achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratio can be a major challenge. We address this challenge by introducing GLMsingle, a scalable, user-friendly toolbox available in MATLAB and Python that enables accurate estimation of single-trial fMRI responses (glmsingle.org). Requiring only fMRI time-series data and a design matrix as inputs, GLMsingle integrates three techniques for improving the accuracy of trial-wise general linear model (GLM) beta estimates. First, for each voxel, a custom hemodynamic response function (HRF) is identified from a library of candidate functions. Second, cross-validation is used to derive a set of noise regressors from voxels unrelated to the experimental paradigm. Third, to improve the stability of beta estimates for closely spaced trials, betas are regularized on a voxel-wise basis using ridge regression. Applying GLMsingle to the Natural Scenes Dataset and BOLD5000, we find that GLMsingle substantially improves the reliability of beta estimates across visually-responsive cortex in all subjects. Furthermore, these improvements translate into tangible benefits for higher-level analyses relevant to systems and cognitive neuroscience. Specifically, we demonstrate that GLMsingle: (i) improves the decorrelation of response estimates between trials that are nearby in time; (ii) enhances representational similarity between subjects both within and across datasets; and (iii) boosts one-versus-many decoding of visual stimuli. GLMsingle is a publicly available tool that can significantly improve the quality of past, present, and future neuroimaging datasets that sample brain activity across many experimental conditions.


Manuscripts reacting to the Belief Systems paper tackled by Judd and Milburn still cross my desk at the rate of better than a half-dozen a year. Only one in every three or four of these is published. However, whether published or unpublished, the verdict is certainly a mixed one, quite as these authors report; and my guess would be that if anything, disconfirmations are currently in the lead. In fact, I have seen so many disconfirmations in the past decade, and they form such repetitive patterns, that I consider myself something of an expert in the gambits necessary to produce disconfirmation. Invited to comment here, I thought it might be of some service to share these insights so that subsequent investigators can generate disconfirmations more surely and swiftly.


The assimilation of remotely sensed data from aircraft and satellites has contributed substantially to the current accuracy of operational hurricane forecasting. In the 1960's, satellite imagery revolutionized hurricane detection and forecasting. Since that time, quantitative remotely sensed data (eg. atmospheric motion winds, passive infrared and microwave radiances or retrievals of temperature, moisture, surface wind and rain rate, active microwave measurements of surface wind and rain rate) and significant advances in modeling and data assimilation have increased the accuracy of hurricane track forecasts very significantly. The development of advanced next-generation models in combination new types of remotely sensed observations (eg. space-based lidar winds) should yield significant further improvements in the timing and location of landfall and in the predicted intensification of hurricanes.


We study graphene monolayer charge carriers irradiated by an electromagnetic vortex. From this, two scenarios are envisaged: canonical oscillator coherent states, which form for large particle numbers and from which a sublattice filter can be constructed, and pair-coherent states, which emerge when the carrier velocity is much less than the Fermi velocity and which can exhibit nonclassical properties. The first should be useful in the control (e.g., confinement and guided transport) of graphene electrons, while the second provides a physical system for examining nonclassical properties of wave packets.


Objective:Trigeminal neuralgia is a disabling syndrome characterized by severe hemifacial pain, often accompanied by a brief facial spasm. The treatment generally includes medical or surgical approaches. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has also been proposed as a safe and effective treatment modality. This study aims to assess whether adding LLLT to trigeminal ganglion block has a substantial effect in increasing pain relief in trigeminal neuralgia. Methods:This case-control study recruited 42 patients with trigeminal neuralgia over a 15-month period from a single academic pain center. The patients were randomized to 2 equal groups. Group A received Gasserian ganglion block along with LLLT, and group B, the control group, received only the ganglion block. The severity of pain was determined by the visual analogue scale at baseline, before each block, and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days and 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention. The dose of carbamazepine taken by the patients was also documented during the study period. The results were analyzed using SPSS v.15. The Student t test (independent samples), the Mann-Whitney U test, the &khgr;2 test, and the Fisher exact test were used to analyze the results. P⩽0.05 was considered significant. Results:The severity of pain was significantly lower in group A, from day 7 until the end of the study period (month 6). The number of carbamazepine tablets taken was also significantly lower in group A compared with group B from the initial months until the end of the study period (month 6). The period of a pain-free state was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P<0.00l). Conclusions:This study showed that LLLT augments the effects of ganglion block in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and results in a decrease in the dose of carbamazepin after the intervention. The duration of a painless state is also considerably long with this method.


Thin films of silicon nitride of various thicknesses, deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on silicon quartz substrate, have been characterized by laser-induced and frequency scanned photothermal radiometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to provide a qualitative description of the behavior of the films in the infrared range which shows favourable properties of these coatings to be used in passive cooling applications.


The ground-state energy of a system composed of an arbitrary number of nucleons coupled to a meson field is investigated. In the investigation, the nucleons are treated as an external source coupled to the meson field. Thus, only the mesons are treated as a quantum field and the ground-state energy is the energy of the zero-meson state. By using Fredholm determinants, the energy of the zeromeson state for the coupled source-field system is calculated relative to the energy of the zero-meson state for the noninteracting source-field system. The ground-state energy of this system is used to define the two-nucleon potential. This potentiai is calculated for two static nucleons coupled to a neutral scalar field and to a symmetric pseudoscalar field. In the case of the neutral scalar field, the well-known exact result is obtained. For the symmetric pseudoscalar field, the result is in good agreement with the potential studied by Gartenhaus. (auth)


Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) composites have been prepared from aqueous and aqueous acetonitrile solutions of EDOT and NaPSS by oxidation using Fe(III) salts. Powders with PEDOT to PSS ratios ranging from 0.3 to 4.2 and electronic conductivities as high as 10 S cm-1 have been obtained in good yields. The PEDOT/PSS blends are cation exchangers and exhibit facile eletrochemistry in both aqueous and acetonitrile media. Impedance measurements have shown that 30 μm thick PEDOT/PSS layers have proton conductivities as high as 0.03 S cm-1.


Contour error in machine tools is a crucial element for enhancing precision in manufacturing and production systems. The error should be as minimum as possible to ensure the quality of products. Despite the achievements of some previous studies, it is indispensable to further enhance control performance by minimizing contour errors. This study proposes a novel contouring controller comprising of a classical proportional-derivative controller, a nonlinear friction compensator, a disturbance observer, and a variable gain iterative learning controller to improve the control performance of machine tool feed drive systems. The control input of each drive axis is iteratively modified to enhance the overall tracking performance. The proposed method was simulated on a typical sharp-corner trajectory, and compared with conventional controllers for performance evaluation. Results revealed that the maximum contour error can be reduced by 75.2 %.


With the research object of manufacturing enterprises,green symbiosis and the affecting factors are analyzed.The influence change of green cooperation is divided in the business enterprise into 5 basic cooperation variables including commitment,trust,etc.and 7 particular cooperation variables such as CEO's green cooperation in an enterprise.This study acquired 122 valid questionnaires through proceeding questionnaire in 100 enterprises in Tiexi New District in Shenyang.Based on it,the authors used the statistics tools SPSS and AMOS to make factor analysis,and also gave the route picture of structure equation.The research result shows that 5 basic cooperation variables and 7 particular cooperation variables have a very positive connection with green performance variable.It also verifies the consumptions of the theories in this research.So it can supply support theories for probing into the greening collaboration theories and realy practice in the enterprises.


The objective of this study was to develop a conceptually and methodologically sound measure of employee identification with the work group. A three-phase analysis approach was used. First, a content analysis was conducted with subject matter experts (SMEs) in the field of organizational behavior and psychology. Second, an exploratory factor analysis of the factor structure was conducted using a sample of employees from a credit union (N = 140). Finally, confirmatory analyses using LISREL 8 were conducted with a sample of employees derived from four insurance organizations (N = 309). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure of the identification measure and the scale scores showed acceptable levels of internal consistency in both samples ([.alpha] = .78; [.alpha] = .79, respectively). We also demonstrated that the construct of work group identification is distinct from but related to both work group cohesiveness and work group communication.


Larval Pacific herring Clupea pallasii has been considered a potential prey item of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta because they share habitat in the coastal area of northern Japan, in spring. We experimented on predation of larval herring by juvenile salmon in captivity. The juvenile salmon fed 4.7-7.4% body weight of live and the frozen-thawed larval herrings. The larvae were digested quickly in the stomach and 50% of them were evacuated from the stomach in 2-4 hours. They were morphologically identifiable up to 3-6 hours after being fed. Quick digestion and short duration time of fish in the stomach need to be considered in field surveys of salmon feeding habit. Predation mortality by juvenile salmon may have considerable impact on larval survival of herring.


This study enumerates the protection values derivable from refractivity variation of the tropospheric surface in Nigeria. The investigation was conducted in four cities of Nigeria using meteorological data of 2008 procured from the centre for basic space science (cbss), university of Nigeria, (unn), Nsukka. Data were captured from four different stations: Akure, Nsukka, Minna and Sokoto using vantage pro II automatic weather station. Data measurement at half hourly interval for the whole year took place at the ground level, 0 m and 100 m altitude of the troposphere. The results of the analyzed data revealed that at 100 m altitude, Nzukka and Akure experienced better protection at refractivity value of 350 unit than Sokoto and Minna at 250 unit. At the ground level (0) m, refractivity values becomes more distinct with; Nzukka, 500 unit, Akure, 370 unit while Minna and Sokoto shared the same refractivity value of 270 unit. This trend of refractivity variation showed a decreasing order of protection against exposure to damaging effects of the cosmic and out of space radiation as we move from the south towards the northern part of the country. Original Research Article Adeniji and Olorode; PSIJ, 24(8): 38-43, 2020; Article no.PSIJ.61010 39


In its report, the committee will define a clear agenda and blueprint for action including changes in public and institutional policies at the national, state and local levels. Its recommendations will address a range of system changes, including innovative ways to solve the nursing shortage in the United States. The goal will be a transformational report on the future of nursing. The committee will examine and produce recommendations related to the following issues, with the goal of identifying vital roles for nurses in designing and implementing a more effective and efficient health care system: Reconceptualizing the role of nurses • within the context of the entire workforce, the shortage, societal issues, and current and future technology. Expanding nursing faculty, increasing the capacity of nursing schools, and redesigning nursing education to assure that it can produce an adequate number of well prepared nurses able to meet current and future health care demands. Examining innovative solutions related to care delivery and health professional education by focusing on nursing and the delivery of nursing services. Attracting and retaining well prepared nurses in multiple care settings, including acute, ambulatory, primary care, long term care, community and public health. •


In the present study elastic buckling of steel columns with three different cross sections, i.e. square, rectangle and circle cross sections, and two different boundary conditions, i.e. fixed-free(F-F) and pinned-pinned (P-P) boundary conditions, under axial compression has been investigated. At first, the basic equations of the problem have been given. Then solutions are found and the effects of the boundary conditions, cross sections, slenderness ratios on the buckling loads of the steel columns have been discussed. For the solution of the problem not only numerical computations have been performed but also finite element modeling (FEM) has been employed. For the validation of the present study, the results of numerical computations have been compared with the results of FEM, and a very good agreement has been achieved.


This book is a welcome review of the mechanics and philosophy, world-wide, of the production of blood and its products at a time when the demand for the latter is escalating and the service in this country is in a state of flux. Hager discusses the history of blood collection and compares the success and failure of voluntary donation and commercial manufacturers to supply the end product. He supports the premise that the driving force of the 'blood industry' is the massive demand for albumin, factor VIII and, to a more limited extent, immunoglobulins. He feels, and is supported by others, that the potential profits from these products are such that increasingly the commercial sector appears to be fuelling the demand with price manipulation (of factor VIII) and unrealistic marketing (of albumin). It is obvious that such practices can lead only to over-use, and more importantly misuse, with its attendant cost, not only to the Exchequer, but to the recipient in increased morbidity and possible mortality. Many of the richer nations have always attempted to rely on unpaid donation and a non-profit system. In a few this has been successful but in general the majority have had to depend on imports. Those involved in the transfusion service in the UK will agree with the author's contention that the system is failing lamentably. Under-investment in the past, coupled with short-sighted administration, has allowed the facilities to fall behind technological advances. In addition, poor education of the consumer in the use of component therapy, with subsequent misuse of available resources, has led to a cycle of recurrent shortages of these products. The system only copes because of individual hard work in the regional transfusion and national fractionation centres. Book Reviews 75


Wetlands are the most productive ecosystem which acts as a habitat for flora and fauna. It provides various ecosystem services such as maintaining hydrological cycle, flood control, carbon sequestration etc. Vegetation in wetland plays a significant role in maintaining nutrient cycle, water cycle, carbon sequestration, storage/retention and purification of water, waste treatment and pollution control. Thus, vegetation creates microclimate for smaller organisms. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the wetland ecosystem is home to a diversity of species which has a various ecological role in wetland plant communities. The study deals with the wetland of the Kheda district and the findings of the study showed the presence of 130 species which belong to 48 families, 106 genera. Out of these 130 species, there are 21 trees, 17 shrubs, 57 herb, 18 climbers, 8 sedges and 7 grass species which can be used for conservation and restoration purposes.


This chapter employs a 'shock-based' research design to analyse the differences in the effects of the 2002 Notice concerning private securities litigation issued by the Supreme People's Court on stock price performance in A/B_share markets. Using a sample of 162 twin A/B_shares issued by 81 listed firms, we find that the portfolio of B_shares, which are treated and held in large volume, obtains a significant positive treatment effect of 2.08 per cent relative to that of A_shares over a 3-day event window. In addition, a placebo test demonstrates that there is no difference in cumulative returns between A_shares of firms issuing both A_shares and B_shares and those of matched firms issuing only A_shares. Finally, we look into the determinants of the abnormal return between A/B_shares issued by the same firms and find that court efficiency is positively correlated with the magnitude of the abnormal return. Rational investors expect that compensation from private litigation will be determined by the costs of using the judiciary system.


The use of the CO2 laser in the treatment of two types of cancer, advanced ovarian carcinoma and tumors of the liver, has proven to be a useful form of adjunctive therapy. It has proven effective in vaporizing ovarian tumors ranging in size from 5 to 20 mm and liver tumors ranging in size from 1 to 4 cm. This modality is preferable to traditional excision‐and‐repair techniques, which are far more traumatic and may result in considerable loss of blood.


Lymphocytes from a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were found to contain crystalline protein inclusions within cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. These inclusions were characterized as IgA λ immunoglobulin and differed from the immunoglobulins found at the surface of the cells containing the inclusions. No serum paraprotein was detected in the serum of the patient, although small amounts of λ light chain protein were present in the urine. These observations suggest that the crystalline immunoglobulin was not excreted in significant amounts by the lymphocytes.


The Body in Late Capitalism: An Introductory Sketch by John H. Simpson Seeking a Sociologically Correct Name for Abortion Opponents by James R. Kelly The Abortion Controversy: Conflicting Beliefs and Values in American Society and within Religious Subgroups by Joseph B. Tamney, Stephen D. Johnson, and Ronald Burton Abortion and the Popular Press: Mapping Media Discourse From Roe to Webster by Laura Grindstaff "Where's the Land of Happy?" Individual Meaning and Collective Antiabortion Activism by Carol J. C. Maxwell Cut From the Whole Cloth: Antiabortion Mobilization among Religious Activists by James L. Guth, Lyman A. Kellstedt, Corwin E. Smidt, and John C. Green Abortion in the United States and Canada: A Comparative Study of Public Opinion by Marthe A. Chandler, Elizabeth Adell Cook, Ted G. Jelen, and Clyde Wilcox The Structure of Attitudes toward Body Issues in the American and Canadian Populations: An Elementary Analysis by John H. Simpson Attitudes toward Abortion and Capital Punishment: Prolife, Prochoice, Seamless Garment, and Inconsistency by Bradley R. Hertel Conclusion: The Future of the Abortion Debate by Ted G. Jelen


Use this page as a starting point for your research in Art, Art History, and Architecture. The who, what, where, why and how about citing sources in your research!


The aircraft's mission system is subject to continual revision by removal or obsolete upgrades. In addition to user and integration requirements, security considerations have become a major driving force in the design of today's avionics systems. To achieve this, system design uses functional risk analysis and abstract system description to provide a coherent design that meets certification needs. The objective of the study was to spot evaluation criteria that may allow developers and certification bodies to gauge specific real-time security-critical software development tools from a system security perspective. The report clarifies the context of software development tools in relevancy current aeronautical systems certification guidelines. Research efforts continue in two directions: (1) collecting data on instrument quality assessment efforts to consider possible future revisions of existing guidelines, and (2) create a classification for evaluating software development tools by identifying tool categories, characteristics, concerns, factors, and evaluation methods. The topic report has four components: (1) industry perspective, (2) expertise, (3) quality assessment, and (4) instrumental assessment. Data collected from the industry influences the assessment process and recommendations for development tooling practices. Several methods of instrument evaluation are described. The report presents the different types of tools identified during the research. This classification is prohibited within the scope of studies directed by DO-178C DAL standard. Finally, the report defines the tool evaluation structure and organization.


This article examines the influence of macroeconomic factors on conditions of competitiveness in different industries. It also contains description of mechanism of influence these conditions over development of any industry, and ways of increasing competitiveness of priority industries.


This study was intended to present the matters pertaining to the attempts made by the vendors 'pedagang acung' to keep being independent in tourism sector in Bali. As working people with extremely limited capitals, the principle of giving priority to safety is applicable to them. They sell souvenirs with limited capitals obtained from various souvenir entrepreneurs coming from different parts of Bali. The risk of suffering from loss has never caused them to find any difficulty. This qualitative study was conducted in the paradigm of cultural studies. The data were presented and interpreted in the form of narrative texts which are thick descriptive in nature.   The result of the study showed that working as vendors was still a profession which contributed to the decrease in unemployment in an area. This is in line with the concept of poststructuralism that people are basically referred to as homo faber, namely, the working creature, meaning that working is highly important to man. This means that employment does not only give the opportunity to generate income but also importantly means that employment is a personal identity. As a consequence, if working is different from not working or being jobless, then such a choice does not only lead to an opposing binary but also to a hierarchical social division and a structured social gap between those who are employed and those who are not. They all positively contribute to themselves, environment, entrepreneurs, and the local government.


Thin films of copper sulfide (CuS, 200 nm thick) were deposited over thin films of tin sulfide (SnS, 180 nm thick) by sequential chemical deposition. The layers were heated in nitrogen atmosphere at 350 and 400°C. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis of these layers established the formation of thin films of ternary composition, Cu 2 SnS 3 and Cu 4 SnS 4 . Optical bandgaps of the films are direct, 0.95 eV for Cu 2 SnS 3 and 1.2 eV for Cu 4 SnS 4 , and the electronic transitions are of the forbidden type in both cases. The films are p-type, with electrical conductivities of 0.5-10 Ω ―1 cm ―1 and hole concentrations of 10 17 ―10 18 cm ―3 . Based on the optical absorption coefficients, the light generated current density (J L ) as a solar cell absorber was evaluated for these materials for air mass 1.5 (1000 W/m 2 ) global solar radiation. For a film thickness of 0.5 μm. Cu 2 SnS 3 and Cu 4 SnS 4 could offer J L of 34 and 27 mA/cm 2 , respectively. Corresponding optical conversion efficiencies of solar energy into electron-hole pairs are 32 and 24%. The built-in potential for CdS/Cu 2 SnS 3 and CdS/Cu 4 SnS 4 junctions would be above 0.9 V and above 1.1 V when ZnO replaces CdS as the window layer.


This paper compares social media traces from Goodreads to data from the MLA International Bibliography and the Open Syllabus Project, in order to better understand the preferences of readers of Victorian literature from different but overlapping communities. We find that the majority of works of Victorian literature that are indicated as being read on Goodreads occur about as often as they are taught or written about in the academy, although books aimed at an adult audience are written about more frequently in peer-reviewed venues. Interestingly, those works that are statistical outliers in terms of their greater popularity with a general audience than an academic audience tend to feature women authors, children's literature, and works with a strong female protagonist. Turning to an analysis of the written reviews on Goodreads of three outliers that were more popular with a general audience--A Tale of Two Cities, Jane Eyre, and The Secret Garden--we find that readers tend to comment on plot (especially in Dickens), feminist themes (in Jane Eyre), and the importance of characters (in all three works). In conclusion, we suggest ways in which postsecondary teachers might draw on these results to inform their syllabi and formulate strategies for teaching Victorian literature. We argue that in terms of outliers, popular taste in Victorian literature among Goodreads users reflects more general reading preferences among this user group, as readers turn to the Victorian era to read children's literature and books featuring strong female characters.


The bromination of hydrocarbons with CBr4 as a bromine source, induced by light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation, has been developed. Monobromides were synthesized with high efficiency without the need for any additives, catalysts, heating, or inert conditions. Action and absorption spectra suggest that CBr4 absorbs light to give active species for the bromination. The generation of CHBr3 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GC–MS spectrometry analysis, indicating that the present bromination involves the homolytic cleavage of a C–Br bond in CBr4 followed by radical abstraction of a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon.


Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have dominated several key industries such as electric propulsion of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. This is primarily due to the introduction of temperature tolerant, high energy rare earth magnets over the past two decades. The proposed magnetic configuration presented in this paper introduces an opportunity for optimal generation of electromagnetic torque. Our investigation shows that the proposed configuration can reach the power and torque densities similar to those of the interior magnet PMSM using ferrite magnets of the same volume. This will allow for removal of the need for high energy rare earth magnets, thereby allowing for sustainable production of high grade PMSM drives. The key aspect in the magnetic design of the machine deals with the tangential formation of the flux lines inside the rotor which in turn will increase the motional forces while mitigating the undesirable radial forces acting on the stators.


Section 1: Alphabetical Order Section 2: Country Order Section 3: Article and Protocol Order Section 4: Chronological Order Section 5: Composition of the Court and Addresses Countries of the Council of Europe with Dates of Signature and Ratification Rules of Procedure of the European Court of Human Rights.


TESTICULAR teratoma is an uncommon condition in the adult and a very rare condition in infancy. Infantile malignant disease has justly acquired a terrible reputation yet, strangely enough, the prognosis of teratoma testis, following simple orchidectomy, is excellent in the infant. Why is it that a disease, so fatal in the adult, is so benign in the young ? A possible explanation is that the teratoma, when large enough to diagnose in the infant, is in a quiescent phase; whereas the teratoma in the adult, also congenital, is then too small for detection. Some later change in the biological behaviour leads to a sudden increase in size, a belated diagnosis, and destruction of the host in a high proportion of cases. The case reported here is typical of the few recorded in the past. Overall Incidence of Testicular Turnours.Dean (1935) estimated that tumours of the testis constituted 2,099 per cent of all malignant tumours in males. Other writers, notably Metassarin (1944), quote figures as low as 0.5 per cent. Ormond and Prince (1941) found only 21 cases of malignant testicular tumour in 319,000 out-patients seen at the Henry Ford Hospital between 1915 and 1951. Himwich (1922) reported an incidence of I in 1500 male surgical admissions to the Mayo Clinic, where only 102 cases had been seen up to 1928. The relative frequency of seminoma and teratoma varies in the different series. Grevillius (1937) found that 59.2 per cent were seminomata ; Gordon-Taylor and Wyndham (1947) 67 per cent; Hickinbotham (1950) 50.5 per cent. All agree, however, that considering all ages seminomata are slightly more common than teratomata. Age Incidence of Teratoma Testis.-The age incidence varies with the author. Himwich (1922) found it to be greatest between 23 and 29 years. Dean (1935), in a review of 292 cases, found their ages to vary between I and 70 years. GordonTaylor and Wyndham (1947), in an analysis of 227 cases of teratoma testis, found the average age to be 29 years ; the youngest being an infant of 5 months with a teratoma in an incompletely descended testis. Barringer and Earl (I94I), in a review of 600 cases, found the youngest to be 9 months and the oldest 47 years, with an average of 31.5 years. Hickinbotham (1950) found an infant of 13 months in 39 cases of teratoma testis collected from the records of the Birmingham United Hospitals between 1936 and


In this paper we present an adapted UBM-GMM based privacy preserving speaker verification (PPSV) system, where the system is not able to observe the speech data provided by the user and the user does not observe the models trained by the system. These privacy criteria are important in order to prevent an adversary having unauthorized access to the user's client device from impersonating a user and also from another adversary who can break into the verification system can learn about the user's speech patterns to impersonate the user in another system. We present protocols for speaker enrollment and verification which preserve privacy according to these requirements and report experiments with a prototype implementation on the YOHO dataset.


mocystis carinii pneumonia among young, previously healthy homosexual men. 2 The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma as an inaugurating event has decreased regularly since the mid 1980s from between 35-40% to less than 15% of all cases of AIDS presently reported in Europe and the USA'3 4; Kaposi's sarcoma, however, still remains the most frequent cause of pulmonary localisation ofAIDS associated malignancies, and the prognosis of Kaposi's sarcoma is related in part to visceral involvement, particularly the lung.'2 5 Although


A non lineal' programming problem with exponential objective function is solved using the optimal level solution approach. A comparison with some other methods known in literature is given. The suggested approach allows us to propose an algorithm capable of finding an exact optimal solution when located in a vertex of the feasible region, and one that is approximated when located in an inner point of an edge. Moreover, some theoretical properties of the problem allows us to rule out parts of the feasible region where no optimal solution can exist.


The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) refers to sensors and actuators embedded in physical objects, ranging from cars to pacemakers, that are linked through wired and wireless networks, to the Internet. These embedded objects produce huge volumes of data flow to computers for analysis that could result in a rapid response and potentially allow for a high degree of automation. As of 2013 there were already 10 billion connected devices. The Internet of Things brings great promise with potential applications that includes smart cities, smart buildings, healthcare, industrial control, intelligent transportation, emergency response and environmental monitoring.


(57) Abstract: for example, such as PPSB preparations, protein C, protein S, the second factor, Factor 7, 9 factor and / or viral inactivated vitamin K-dependent, including factor Xa plasma component and a method of manufacturing a medicament comprising a combination thereof, methods of preferably a material containing these components is subjected to suitable separation operation using a membrane chromatography is disclosed.


The involvement of proteases in the metastatic spread of tumor cells and in tumorrelated processes, such as angiogenesis and ulceration has been known for some time. This chapter reviews the involvement of one proteolytic system the plasminogen activation system in tumor progression. In recent years, many biochemical properties of the various components of the plasminogen activation system have become known. These properties and the functional relationship between the components are discussed in the first section. Since the interfering with proteolysis by tumor cells and by newly formed endothelial cells can be an objective for future therapy, experimental tumor models have been used to study the effects of inhibitors of plasminogen activation. The second section deals with this issue. Finally, the presence of the various components of the plasminogen activation system in human tumors is reviewed. Following the availability of specific ELISAs, antibodies and probes, the content and the cellular distribution of the components of the plasminogen activation system has recently been mapped for various human tumors. 1. Basic properties of the components of the plasminogen activation system The plasminogen activation system consists of two plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-ΡΑ) which convert plasminogen into the active zymogen plasmin. u-ΡΑ can bind to a specific receptor, u-PAR. Several plasminogen activator inhibitors have been described, of which two (PAI-1 and PAI-2) will be reviewed here. The basic properties will be mentioned briefly, the inter-relationship between the components u-ΡΑ, u-PAR and PAI is outlined in section le, the involvement of these components in experimental models for tumor invasion and metastasis and their presence in human tumors are considered in sections 2 and 3. la. Plasminogen activators t-PA and u-PA t-PA and u-ΡΑ are produced as single serine proteases and can be converted into twochain proteases upon cleavage by plasmin. The two-chain forms of plasminogen activators are held together by a disulfide bridge. Both single-chain and two-chain t-PA are enzymatically active. Single chain u-ΡΑ (pro-u-PA) however, is inactive and can be converted into active two-chain u-ΡΑ upon binding to the cell surface receptor u-PAR. Structural charactensties for both t-PA and u-ΡΑ are a) similarities in the serine protease domain and b) the presence of kringle domains (t-PA has two, u-ΡΑ has one). (Pro-)u-PA contains a growth factor domain, necessary for binding to u-PAR (see 198, 214). Apart from structural differences, t-PA and u-ΡΑ differ in their presumed (patho-) physiological functions. t-PA plays mainly a role in fibrinolysis: t-PA specifically binds to fibrin. t-PA is also the plasminogen activator of the adult brain (193) and is thought to


With the Western Missionaries preaching in China from the end of sixteenth century to early seventeenth century,western culture entered China and opened the door of differences cultures between Chinese and Western.Piano Guqin represented different art form which showed large divergent musical thinking characteristics affected by different philosophy.Thus forming three different music thinking angles.


The utility model discloses a tagboard gluing machine. The tagboard gluing machine comprises a guide rail for transporting package bottles, and further comprises a paper feeder, a paper delivery device, a gluing device and a rotating device, wherein the paper feeder is used for feeding tagboards to the paper delivery device one by one; the paper delivery device is used for delivering the tagboards to the gluing device; the gluing device is used for gluing the tagboards; the rotating device is used for covering the tagboards on the package bottles; and the rotating device, the gluing device, the paper delivery device and the paper feeder are matched up to finish the automatic gluing to the tagboards with high efficiency, and the gluing process is less error-prone.


The propagation of Gunn layers (GL), i.e. accumulation and depletion waves, under the influence of random current oscillations, which may be characterized as a white Gaussian noise, is considered. It is shown that the current oscillations significantly influence the distribution of the average electric field in the GL wave distorting appreciably the shape of the GL wave, while the average velocity of GL is not changed due to the presence of current deviations. At a sufficiently long time, after the random oscillations have been "turned on", the average GL field is shown to obey the diffusion equation.

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The solvent extraction and separation of Al(III) and Ni(II) from aqueous medium using Cyanex-272 [bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid] in kerosene has been investigated as functions of contact time, aqueous phase acidity (pH), concentration ofextractant in the organic phase, temperature, and loading capacity of the extractant. The equilibrium was reached within 9 min for Al(III) and 2 min for Ni(II). It was observed that the amount of Al(III) extraction was about 65% with 0.1 mol/l Cyanex-272 in kerosene at (26 ± 1) °C and pH 4.2, whereas at the same time the amount of Ni(II) extraction was about 8.5% with the same condition. In both cases, the metal ion [Al(III) and Ni(II)] concentration in the organic phase gradually increased with the time of extraction until the curves levelled off. The extraction ofAl(III) increasesed with increasing concentration of the extractant, aqueous phase acidity (pH), and the temperature. However, the amount ofNi(II) extraction at all temperatures was negligible and decreased with increasing extractant concentration. The temperature dependence data gave AH = 15.23 kJ/mol up to 60 °C, suggesting endothermic extraction. The loading capacity of Al(III) and Ni(II) was about 25.75 g and 0.5 g, respectively per mole of Cyanex-272, with 0.2 M Cyanex-272 at pH 4.1. Loading data indicates Al: Cyanex-272 ratio varied from 0.95: 1 to 1.6: 1 for Al(III) extraction indicating almost 1: 1 complex formation in the organic phase.


Based on the analysis and research of seismic behaviors of RC frame structure building and its bearing characteristic is introduced,then combined with the found problems in seismic design and blueprint checkup of RC frame structure building.Several problems of seismic design and blueprint checkup of RC frame structure building are discussed.Some standpoints and suggests are given also.It could provide reference for designers.


Israeli memory never ceased to be ethno-national, featuring a Zionist ideology and mythical trajectory that leads from the biblical homeland to the resettlement of the Jewish people under a Jewish State. The displacement and dispossession of Palestinians since the 1948 war (known as al-Nakba, the catastrophe in Arabic) and the occupation of the Palestinian Territories (OPT) in the West bank and Gaza since 1967 have not been a part of this narrative, but featured in an opposite Palestinian national narrative. The Nakba has been forcefully forgotten not only by the promulgation of the Zionist national narrative, but also through the destruction of physical remains and a systemic dissemination of a new symbolic geography, replacing the Palestinian names of sites and streets with Hebrew ones. Since the early 1990s, the Zionist discourse has increasingly introspected a deep tension, or outright contradiction, at its heart between its national principle and its liberal (formerly collective and socialist) principle. According to this debate, the tension is inherent to Israel's self-identification as both Jewish and democratic; while a Jewish state excludes non-Jewish minorities, a democracy is supposed to guarantee equal civil rights to all citizens. Within this Zionist discourse, two alternative approaches to the past and present that emerged since the 1980s have gradually undermined mainstream Zionism, aiming to resolve the core tension by retaining one side of the designation and discarding the other: the ethno-religious Neo-Zionism (Jewish), and the more critical and global post-


The paper covers coastal engineering aspects of the proposed Sellicks Beach and Wirrina Marinas located in St. Vincents Gulf S.A. The wave climate for both projects is determined by hindcasting from synoptic charts and a refraction analysis. Beach cross sections are surveyed to determine variations in beach levels. Littoral drift is calculated from the wave data for Sellicks Beach. A Model Study of the Entrance Works at Sellicks Beach examines tranquillity and sand movements. The layout and design of the breakwaters at Wirrina is determined from the wave data.


Microlithography is a highly precise pattern-transfer technique, needed for the manufacturing of semiconductor devices. In the microlithographic process, the image of a mask is transferred to a light-sensitive polymer film, a so-called photoresist. Photoresists consist of light-sensitive
 organic polymers, which are able to resolve submicrometer patterns. They are highly specified materials, having well-defined physical and mechanical properties, and are mainly composed of a linear organic polymer, a photoacid generator, and a solvent.


To avoid the repeated designing of the system interface,this paper discusses the innovational interface realization.In system integration,the common interface that is applied to data communication between different system is realized through using JMS to transfer the XML message and using Java reflected mechanism to realize the data exchange via simple configuration file.After this interface is realizated,the development of interface will be simplified greatly.


Thermal control and monitoring is one of the most important factors in the design of satellite systems. An appropriate thermal design should make sure that the satellite's sensitive components remain in their nominated range, even under the vacuum condition of outer space. To achieve this purpose, a reliable and stable monitoring system is required. This paper proposes a monitoring system based on the 1-wire protocol, which provides the reliability requirements in the sensor networking and bus controller sections. In the networking section, we outline some practical topologies and discuss on their complexity and reliability. Despite the fact that the point-to-point topology is very robust for communication structures, the reliability analyses show that the loop-tree topology is the best structure for 1-wire networking. In addition, this paper proposes a robust bus controller based on combined time redundancy and triple modular redundancy on field-programmable gate arrays. The fault injection experiments reveal that the proposed time-based redundancy represents better outcomes alternative to hardware redundancy. Furthermore, the experiments show that the capability of tolerating single-event upset effects in the proposed method increases up to 7.8-fold with respect to a regular design.


Introduction - C T Kurien PART ONE: ECONOMY Village India and its Political Economy - K N Raj Political Economy of Grain Market Intervention in India - R Radhakrishna The Give and Take of Calories - Barbara Harris Tamil Nadu's Food and Nutrition Policies and Food Energy Economy During Drought in the Early Eighties Agriculture and the Economy - A Vaidyanathan Causes and Consequences of Slow Growth Economics and Ecological Concern - M V Nadkarni PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING Limitations of the Concept of National Income as a Measure of National Prosperity - V K R V Rao Decentralization and Planning - K S Krishnaswamy State Level Planning - A Critique of Sarkaria Commission's Recommendations - I S Gulati Rural Development - G Parthasarathy Growing Relevance of Macro Issues Role of Traditional Industries in India's Development - L C Jain Development, Energy and the Environment in India - Amulya K N Reddy Some Critical Issues Development Planning - D T Lakdawala The Indian Experience Our Paradigm of Social Transformation - M S Gore PART THREE: EDUCATION Teaching of Economics in India - Bhabotosh Datta Management Issues in Higher Education - V C Kulandaiswamy Educational Planning Revisited - Sylvain Lourie


Itraconazole is a highly keratinophylic substance and effective in the long-term management of fungal infections of the nail (onychomycosis). I Treatment failures may be due to slow penetration or inadequate drug delivery to the site of infection; no data regarding the rate of appearance, concentration and duration of itraconazole in the nail plate after oral administration have been published. The following assay was developed to measure itraconazole in nail clippings. It offers both a convenient and a non-invasive method for studying the penetration and availability of the drug at this site of action and should provide a more sensitive measure of drug status than plasma concentrations per se which can fall below critical levels whilst anti-mycotic activity continues in tissues.i'


A constant-voltage charging and discharging operation control method for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations is suggested in order to comply with grid-connected rules. On this basis, the fault current-voltage characteristics of DC charging stations are studied from the dynamic response characteristics of AC/DC converters. The theory and procedures for fault analysis of the distribution network comprising DC charging stations are described and studied. The models under internal faults of DC charging stations and faults on the distribution network side are established. The outcomes of the numerical simulation confirm that the conclusions from the theoretical study are accurate. The research results help to enhance the constancy of grid-connected operation of EV charging stations and deepen their fault characteristics analysis, and provide references for the research of relay protection principles and performance evaluation of the grid after the large-scale connection of EV charging stations.


The developments in remote sensing technology have further enhanced the opportunity to integrate a varity of images from different sensors of different part of electromagnetic spectrum, to provide data sets with complimentary information content and improving the spatial resolution of the satellite imagery. The process of integrating optical and microwave data become a valuable approach to serves as tools for forest resources evaluation over time and present at regular interval. Monitoring the paradigm of forest resources by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) has been a problem due to the dependence on the atmospheric conditions. Thus, the exploration of merging optical and radar data must therefore be investigated. This paper shows that we can improve the spectral and spatial quality and enhance ability to accurately detect the forest resources by using some algorithms that bring together optical (TM) and Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR data (ERS-1, JERS-1 and Radarsat). The fusion techniques proposed allow us to distinguish more forest cover types and show a good indicator which corresponding in contribution additional information, in order to manage forest resources in effective and efficient manner.


In this paper, we propose an improved class of estimators of the population mean using the population median of the study variable. We study the properties of the sampling distribution of the proposed class of estimators up to the approximation of order one. Different values of the two characterising constants in the new estimators affect the mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed family of estimators. Finding the optimum values of the constants to minimise the MSE of the suggested class of estimators provides the least MSE of the recommended family for these optimal values of the characterising scalars. We compare the proposed family of estimators with other competing estimators of the population mean. The theoretical findings are justified with an empirical example and reveal that the proposed class of estimators performs more efficiently than other competing estimators of the population mean under a simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme.


Summary In rats which had received an intoxicating dose of ethanol, the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brain were not different from concentrations in brains of normal rats. The turnover of cerebral 5-HT, determined from rates of increase in concentration of 5-HT or of decrease in concentration of 5-HIAA after the administration of a monoamine oxidase inhibiter, was modestly decreased during ethanol intoxication.


This paper reports on the compatibility of waste rubber binder combined with conventional binder, paraffin wax and local binder, palm stearin for M2 High Speed Steel injection molding in order to obtain the better properties. The feedstock was prepared at a powder loading of 65 vol.% using 22um M2 High Speed Steel powder and the binders consisting of 55wt.% paraffin wax/palm stearin, 21wt.% polyethylene, 14wt.% waste rubber and 10wt.% stearic acid. The specimens were then sintered in vacuum atmosphere within a temperature range from 1200°C to 1260°C. The results shown even the best properties is obtain from the conventional binders, paraffin wax, thus the properties of local binders palm stearin is still comparable and good. The maximum density of paraffin wax binder was 8.095g/cm3 achieved at temperature 1250°C and palm stearin binder was 8.111g/cm3 achieved at temperature 1240°C. Therefore, in term the best strength of paraffin wax was 2351Mpa whilst palm stearin was 2210MPa, both recorded at temperature 1230°C.


The composition of neutrino flavor eigenstates in terms of neutrino mass states leads to the phenomenon of "neutrino oscillation", whereby a neutrino created in one flavor may change to another in flight. DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is an experiment designed with a 1300 km baseline to study and measure the parameters involved in neutrino oscillation. To measure the tertiary muon beam created with the neutrinos, a detector designed to measure stopping muons is used. The detector will pick up light created in the decay of a muon in mineral oil in the center. To study the response of the muon monitor in the proposed experiment set-up Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 software package is used. Combining a detector specific Monte Carlo simulation with the overall experiment beam Monte Carlo has led to a model for predicting stopping muon flux from an overall muon beam flux. This has been used to create a picture of detector response in arbitrary configurations and develop a timing scheme to prevent saturation of the detector. Progress has also been made using this model to understand detector response using different production models.


The structure of different types of groups is analyzed. The group in which a person decides by himself wbat he Ts going to do is called group with personal responsabiliry, and its dynamics are described in detall. In this group the person is not subordinated toany other pero son. He is independent, takes responsability for his actions and the consequences to the group. In this kind of group two situations are analyzed: taskaccomplisbment, and decision-making.Concepts and techniques are suggested for tbegroup with personal responsability.


Purpose: To develop simple and cost effective Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of Isradipine in bulk and tablet dosage form. Methods: The estimation was carried out on Agilent Zorbax C8 (4.6x150 mm, 5µ), using mobile phase consisting of methanol: acetonitrile: 0.1% OPA 55:35:10. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min column effluents were monitored at 264 nm. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH Guidelines Results: The retention time was 4.108 minute and the proposed method was linear in the concentration range of 10 to150 μg/ml with coefficient of correlation 0.9998. The % recoveries at 50%, 100% and 150% were found to be 99.59, 99.49 and 99.64 respectively. Conclusion: All the validation parameters were within the acceptance range. The developed method can successfully be applied for the routine estimation of the amount of Isradipine in bulk and formulations. The proposed method can be used to determine the drug content of marketed tablets.


The present study attempts to clarify the properties of force-time curves in the force-development phase during static explosive grip exertion and to determine force-time parameters in relation to static explosive strength. 80 healthy young males (age 17.8±2.5 yr.) exerted maximal isometric force as fast and forcefully as possible. In total, 21 variables, e.g., time to fixed level, integrated area, average force, integrated area to fixed time, force at the maximal rate of force development, and maximal rate of force development, were selected as force-time parameters. Good reliability was obtained for average force in force levels above 90% of maximal strength (.64–.93), integrated area to a fixed time of 1.0–2.0 sec. (.86–.93), force at the maximal rate of force development (.67), and maximal rate of force development (.73). In addition, these values correlated closely with maximal grip strength (r = .65–93). Further, significant differences in maximal grip strength, average force in force levels above 90% of maximal strength, integrated area to fixed time, and force at the maximal rate of force development were found among three groups categorized by average force in force levels of maximal strength. These results suggested that individual differences were present in the force-time curve patterns during the force-development phase of static explosive grip exertion and that the average force in force levels of maximal strength might be a valuable tool for evaluating static explosive strength.


Dual reactor solution polymerization process to obtain a high-density polyethylene composition comprising a first copolymer and a second ethylene copolymer, and which has high dimensional stability, good processability, and good organoleptic properties and reasonable stress cracking resistance. The polyethylene composition suitable for compression or injection molding applications, and particularly useful in the manufacture of the lid and bottle closure, in particular bottles containing unpressurized liquid.


Rabbits were fed a diet containing 3% cholesterol for 2–6 months. Total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, phospholipids, and triglycerides were increased in the plasma. Total cholesterol and cholesterol ester were also increased in the heart mitochondria and supernatant, and liver mitochondria, microsomes, and supernatant, but triglycerides and phospholipids in all cell fractions studied remained within the normal ranges. The respiratory control ratio, P/O ratio, and oxygen consumption of the cardiac and hepatic mitochondria were not affected by the increase in cholesterol content. Possible mechanisms responsible for the altered lipid composition in the cells of rabbits on a high-cholesterol diet, as well as that for the unchanged mitochondrial respiratory function are discussed.


development of side shoots while the infested fruit became cured, deshaped and dropped prematurely. The larvae also damaged seeds inside the fruit. In laboratory a single larva could damage on an average 34.68 ± 1.95 seeds (57.80 ± 3.25%) out of 60 seeds. In the culture wherein the larvae of E. vittella were reared on seeds of the okra fruits, the average period (days) of egg, larva, pre-pupa, pupa, male adult, female adult, total life cycle in male and total life cycle in female was : 3.05 + 0.83, 9.12 + 1.59, 1.36 + 0.49, 7.76 + 0.97, 9.47 + 2.70, 12.53 ± 2.23, 29.67 + 3.69 and 32.33 + 4.90, respectively. While it was 3.70 + 0.80, 11.72 + 1.86, 1.64 + 0.49, 9.20 + 1.41, 9.53 ± 2.64, 10.60 + 2.32, 35.80 ± 3.44 and 36.86 ± 2.72, respectively in the culture reared on okra mesocarp. The average egg laying capacity and hatching percentage was 298.47 ± 90.14 and 75.05 + 3.76%, respectively in the cultiare reared on okra seeds while it was 256.60 + 96.85 and 69.67 + 3.92, respectively in the culture reared on mesocarp. The 't* test indicated that the period of eggs, larva, pre-pupa, pupa and total life cycle were significantly shorter while female longevity was significantly longer in the culture wherein larvae were reared on okra seeds. The hatching percentage was also significantly higher in the culture reared on okra seeds.


The sedimentological interpretations now pay attention to the high-resolution depositional cyclicity of the carbonates reservoirs. These interpretations have revealed the stratigraphically and biostratigraphically complexity that may result from sea-level induced progradational and retrogradational trends and the diachronous nature of local stratigraphic ranges of shallow-marine species. Utilizing the environmental sensitivity of benthic foraminifera, associated microfossils and macrofossils combined with sedimentology can provide a potentially valuable technique for determining subtle variations in the depositional environment and also provide a proxy for sea-level fluctuations. This study is based on micropalaeontological studies of hundreds of thin sections from three carbonate reservoirs in eastern Saudi Arabia. Additionally, samples were collected from ageequivalent outcrops in central Saudi Arabia. The D6 member of the upper Dhruma Formation contains the Lower Fadhili reservoir. The Baladiyah and Daddiyah members of the Tuwaiq Mountain Formation contain the Upper Fadhili and the Hadriya reservoirs respectively. The assigned age for the Upper Dhruma Formation is late Bathonian to middle Callovian and Middle Callovian for the whole Tuwaiq Mountain Formation. The Middle Jurassic carbonates of Saudi Arabia were deposited on a very extensive submarine platform that extended over most of the Arabian Peninsula. Scattered across the platform were localized deeper areas considered to be intra-shelf basins, and localized highs that formed the sites of stromatoporoid and coral banks. Detailed studies of the vertical successive appearance of various species in samples from cored oil wells and exposed sections, and their relationship to the host carbonate fabrics show two phases within the formations and their contained reservoirs. Firstly, the open marine phase in the lower part of formations with a LenticulinaNodosaria-spicule dominated assemblage characterises the deep mud-dominated succession, which is considered as linked with a transgressive dominated phase. Secondly, the restricted marine phase which forms in the upper part of the formations with a shallow marine foraminifera and calcareous algae assemblage characterises the packstone dominated succession. This shallow marine assemblage is characterized by the presence of Palaeopfenderina trochoidea, Meyendorffina bathonica, Andersenolina elongata and Redmondoides lugeoni and is correspondingly attributed to highstand shallowing depositional sequences.


The fingerprint recognition method is for discriminating the identity of two fingerprints by comparing break points and diverging points of fingerprints. The method comprises two steps: (A) comparing print patterns of the registered and the input finger prints and setting intervals; above upper boundary, between upper and lower boundary, and below lower boundary; (B) discriminating that two finger prints are identical or different if the difference belongs to upper boundary and lower boundary respectively; (C) if the difference is between upper and lower boundary, extracting the characteristic points of input finger print by preprocessing (19) and edge detection process and comparing the similarities.


Place recognition is widely used in the loop closure detection in SLAM. The current approach to place recognition is based on RGB images, but there are relatively few place recognition studies using a point cloud. This study presents the place recognition method based on the surface graph. The proposed method clusters the surfaces in the point cloud and recognizes a place through a surface descriptor and a surface graph. The advantage of this approach is that it uses the surfaces that are not low-level features such as SIFT and SURF. Another advantage is that the proposed place recognition is robust because of the surface graph. We have experimented on the data set obtained by the mobile robot equipped with a Kinect sensor in the indoor environment. The experimental results show that the proposed place recognition based on the surface graph (PRSG) scheme is useful and can be used as a loop closure detector.


Underwater wireless communication technology plays a key role in underwater applications such as environmental monitoring and tsunami early warning. This paper proposes an underwater optical-acoustic cooperative communication system, which applies optical communication to transmit large-scale data, and applies acoustic communication to provide acoustic-assisted signaling exchange before optical transmission and Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) during optical transmission. In particular, we design and develop an underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle (ROV) equipped with LED based optical communication and acoustic communication modems. The acoustic link is for remote control of the ROV in far distance. When the ROV is close enough, the optical link with 2Mbps can be triggered at a distance of around 10 meters. During optical data transmission, the acoustic link is applied to ack the lost data packets in the optical data transmission.


The invention relates to a touch screen and a display device using the touch screen. The touch screen comprises a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, wherein the first electrode plate comprises a first substrate, a plurality of first transparent electrodes and a plurality of first signal wires; the first substrate is provided with a first surface, the plurality of first transparent electrodes are arranged on the first surface of the first substrate at intervals along the first direction, and the plurality of first signal wires are electrically connected with the plurality of first transparent electrodes respectively; the second electrode plate comprises a second substrate, a plurality of second transparent electrodes and a plurality of second signal wires; the second substrate is provided with a second surface, the plurality of second transparent electrodes are arranged on the second surface of the second substrate at intervals along the second direction, and the plurality of second signal wires are electrically connected with the plurality of second transparent electrodes respectively, wherein the first transparent electrodes and the second transparent electrodes are made of a carbon nano-tube layer.


The particle impingement characteristics on a flat plate with angle of attack in a supersonic flow field are investigated analytically, for a case of flows in which the shock wave is not detached. In this analysis, the drag coefficient cD of a spherical particle does not coincide with Stokes' Low (i. e., cD=24/R), since the Reynolds' Number R of a particle is not small, and CD=0.4 for R=103∼104 ; so we have used the approximation of cD=24/R+0.4 for R=0∼104. All characteristics of particle impingement on a flat plate are found theoritically, and numerical calculations have also been done for water droplets of 0.1mm in diameter at free stream Mach Number M0=2.0.


Photograph of several unidentified women gathered around a miniature model of an urban area taken at a performance of, "Hip Hop Broadway: The Musical".


Umberto Eco is a world famous semiotician. Baudolino is his historic and mysterious novel rich in connotation and unique in form. The paper applies Eco's semiotic thoughts to the analysis of the sign in the novel, and uses Eco's theory "a sign is anything that lies" to analyse the dialectics between history and falsity, reality and imagination. It also analyses the New Historicist idea of narrativization contained in the novel according to the narrative turn that has been happening in the world of scholarship.


In this paper, we construct and comprehensively analyze a practical downlink (DL) multiuser (MU) multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) scheduling algorithm over LTE Advanced (LTE-A) massive MIMO cellular networks. We first design an efficient approximation algorithm to maximize the weighted sum rate subject to certain mandatory practical constraints, and prove that our algorithm can yield a meaningful approximation guarantee. We then process the obtained scheduling decision to obtain one that is fully compliant with the LTE-A standard. Comprehensive system level evaluation is conducted by emulating an LTE-A massive MIMO network and potential gains are demonstrated.


One of mathematical models developed to describe quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields in the atmosphere is considered. An iteration method for the solution of the problem considered is proposed and proved.


Self-expression is one of the most basic needs of human beings and one of the seminal ways in which self can be expressed is through the articulation of one's deepest desires, fears and feelings. Often, this expression is at odds with surrounding society and this necessitates courage to still be oneself unmindul of the consequence. Else, the urge to live life true to one's inner reality precipitates an escape from the environs that constrain one's individuality. It is further, true that expressing the self does not predicate the realizacion to the self in psychological or philosophical terms. It only implies the urge within a person to be able to asseverate the feeling, the thought, the moment, no matter how bewildering or tenuous. Besides finding an identity through place and the past, a person also establishes identity through expression-functional and creative. Therefore, together with the continuous process of finding a place, the unceasing endeavours to be heard, seen, acknowledged and articulated are important to human beings. This aspect of voicing is particularly pronounced in people who have either been silenced or who have never found an opportunity for self-espression.


A 3-D absorptive frequency-selective transmission (AFST) structure that does not require any lumped components and featuring very wide two-sided absorption bandwidths is proposed in this letter. The fundamental design concept is illustrated and the possibility to design AFST structure without lumped components is discussed. The proposed AFST structure exhibits a passband at 6.3 GHz with two-sided absorption bands from 1.15 to 5.45 GHz (130.3% bandwidth) for the lower absorption band and from 7.1 to 12.9 GHz (58% bandwidth) for the upper absorption band. The proposed structure is modeled and simulated using two different full-wave simulation tools. An equivalent circuit model is constructed based on an approximated unit cell. To verify the simulated results, a prototype is fabricated and measured with the free-space method. A comparison with related designs presented in recent literature is also performed to ascertain the implications of the proposed design regarding the lumped component-free feature and wide absorption bandwidth.


The zero flux dc current transformer has been described before in literature.1'2 This paper endeavors to present a more analytical approach. The method of demodulating the dc channel is novel, using a timedomain scheme rather than the usual second-harmonic method. The current monitor measures bipolar currents up to 2 000 A without physical contact of the singleturn primary. Choosing the secondary current as 1 A sets the turns ratio at 1:2000. The magnetic material used is of the molybdenum Permaloy variety with its high (30 000) initial permeability and almost square hysteresis loop. Its saturation flux density is about 0.74 T. The toroidal geometry of the tape-wound transformer insures almost unity coupling of the windings.


tion. 2) Resolutions should be written in the traditional format, beginning with one or more "whereas" statement-of-fact clauses and concluding with a "therefore be it resolved" paragraph which presents a position that follows logically from the stated premises. 3) Proposals and resolutions that deal with technical matters must be accompanied by substantive supporting data and references. 4) Any proposal involving substantial expenditure of AAAS funds-such as a recommendation for the establishment of a study or investigative committee-should be ptesented in the form of a research proposal, with budget included, so that the financial implications ofpositive action are clearly stated. 5) All proposals and resolutions adopted by the Council at its forthcoming meeting will be published in the Proceedings Issue of Science. Proponents who wish the AAAS to undertake any wider distribution are requested to submit with their proposals or resolutions the names and addresses of individuals, organizations, or publications to which they would like to have copies sent. An open hearing will be held by the Committee on Council Affairs at 2:30 p.m. on 26 May in the Franklin Plaza Hotel to give mterested persons an opportunity to speak for or against duly submitted resolutions or proposals. At a meeting immediately following the hearing, the Committee will consider for possible inclusion in the Council agenda any late proposals or resolutions delivered to the Executive Officer in advance of the hearing, provided they deal with urgent matters and are accompanied by a written explanation of why submission was not made on or before 24 March. The Committee also will review and take appropriate action on requests from persons who wish to address the Council on particular agenda items. Such requests must be delivered to the Executive Officer, William D. Carey, or to the Committee Chair, Lawrence Bogorad, in advance ofthe 26 May Committee meeting. Summaries of the Council meeting agenda will be available at the AAAS Information Desk in the Franklin Plaza Hotel. The full agenda may be inspected, upon request, in the AAAS office in that hotel.


Concerning the intuitionist fuzzy logic reasoning,an approximate reasoning method based on the measures of similarity between intuitionist fuzzy sets is proposed,and the related sets of the compositional formulas of operations are derived.An example is used to interpret the new method of approximate reasoning.The method is conceptually clearer and more straightforward,which is a great advantage of it.


* Abbreviations:
 AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics
 ACA — : Affordable Care Act
 ADHD — : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
 ASD — : autism spectrum disorder
 CHIP — : Children's Health Insurance Program

In 2015, 21% of children, 15 000 000, were living in poverty (<100% of the federal poverty level).1 Forty-three percent of children, 31 000 000, were living below 200% of the federal poverty level, which is a better measure of economic hardship for families in the United States. Children are the poorest age group in our society and more than twice as poor as older adults. It is well documented that poor children are more likely to have poor health outcomes, including chronic conditions such as asthma. They are also at greater risk for poor social, emotional, and behavioral problems, including disobedience, impulsivity, and anxiety.2 Behavioral and mental health problems are common comorbidities of chronic conditions in children living in poverty.

In this issue of Pediatrics , Pulcini et al3 present the results of their secondary analyses of the National Survey of Children's Health for the years 2003, 2007, and 2011–12. Their purpose was to identify trends in parent-reported lifetime …

Address correspondence to Benard P. Dreyer, MD, 564 1st Ave, Apt 23 E, New York, NY 10016-6469. E-mail: benard.dreyer{at}nyumc.org


Introduction and Aims Back pain patients usually demand more time in clinic. A significant proportion of this time is spent in performing clinical examination. It has been recognised that detailed history of symptoms is the backbone in reaching the diagnosis and deciding the management plan for patients with lower back pain and/or radiculopathy. The aim of the study was to look at 1) Contributions from History and Examination. 2) Does Clinical Examination add any further information not identified from history? Method A prospective, blinded study was carried out to determine the usefulness of history and clinical examination, individually to reach the diagnosis and plan the management. 75 consecutive lower back pain and/or radiculopathy patients were included in the study. Two orthopaedic registrars saw all the patients. One took detailed history and the other registrar performed clinical examination. Both registrars based on their information arrived at a provisional diagnosis. A consultant also took history and examined these patients. MRI scan was done as per clinical indication. Results The data was analysed using standard statistics software. In all patients history suggested the possible diagnosis. Clinical examination did not add any further information to alter the course of management, which was planned for the patient. Clinical examination did not show any further information that was not identified in the MRI scan. Conclusion Clinical examination does not add to the body of information available from history. Clinical examination does not add any further information not available on the scan. Clinical examination should be performed for patients considered for surgery to document the findings; here both subjective and objective assessment should be performed. Examination is not a useful screening tool.


Two fairly simple thermokinetic models are suggested. In these models, the kinetic subsystem is an autocatalytic trigger or oscillator. A parametric analysis of these models is performed to determine the intervals of variations of certain parameters in which critical effects exist. The arising of undamped periodic and aperiodic oscillations in systems is specially considered.


This paper investigates the economic structure of professional sports to determine the extent to which the current operating rules justify exemption of professional sports leagues from some aspects of antitrust statutes. We construct a formal decision-making model incorporating certain fundamental features of the industry. Within the context of the model we find that, under current rules of operation, equalization of playing strengths is generally not consistent with profit maximization by teams. However, we suggest a rule that guarantees convergence to a path of equal playing strengths under decentralized control of teams. As an example we study baseball leagues. Some refinements of the model are introduced, for example, incorporating time lags and training costs that result when teams train their own players.


Moving into the future world, life will be getting more easier and easier. Everything will be connected like interconnected smart homes, smart hospitals, smart cities, smart wearables, smart supply chain, and a variety of other smart environments. These systems use a technology known as Internet of things or also known as internet of everything. Nowadays with increased need for surveillance, monitoring and data collection IoT has become more important. This paper describes about internet of things and its issues. It also discusses the hardware required by a basic IoT system, privacy concerns, security issues and data handling issues. It also includes problems faced due to the hardware.