The viscous and rarefaction effects on centreline shock reflection occurring in an overexpanded axisymmetric microjet have been investigated numerically by means of a fully coupled pressure-based shock capturing scheme. Due to the low free-stream Reynolds number (Re δ ≈ 7) , the Navier-Stokes equations were coupled with slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions to account for rarefied gas effects in the Knudsen layer. It has been found that pronounced viscosity levels can cause a transition from a three-shock to a two-shock configuration, which is impermissible by inviscid theory. This provides novel evidence that supports recent observations for axisymmetric ring wedge intakes. Analysis of the von Neumann and detachment criteria indicates that the transition from Mach reflection to regular reflection is analogous to the dual-solution domain transition for planar shocks. In addition, prediction of the longitudinal curvature of the incident shock has been conducted from a mathematical standpoint.


To promote clinical medical students' personal harmonious development,we have established the new problem-based teaching mode and reform the evaluation system in clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology and have obtained more satisfied teaching result.


Since the attempted shoot down of an Israeli airliner departing from Mombasa, Kenya in November of 2002, there has been heightened concern that Al Qaeda, or other terrorist factions, will use shoulder-fired heat seeking missiles as part of their tactics. These weapons, known more formally as man-portable air defense systems, or MANPADS, have been widely proliferated, are easy to conceal and deploy, and can be purchased on the black market for as little as $10,000. Recognizing that MANPADS pose a potential threat to commercial airplanes throughout the world, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is executing a system design and development (SDD) program to evaluate the viability of missile countermeasures that would be installed on commercial airplanes. This paper provides an overview of the MANPADS threat, a discussion of associated countermeasure requirements for systems installed on commercial airplanes, and a description of a laser countermeasure system that is being prototyped and demonstrated as part of the DHS Counter-MANPADS program.


Understanding how multi-scale host heterogeneity affects viral community assembly can illuminate ecological drivers of infection and host-switching. Yet, such studies are hindered by imperfect viral detection. To address this issue, we used a community occupancy model – refashioned for the hierarchical nature of molecular-detection methods – to account for failed detection when examining how individual-level host traits affect herpesvirus richness in eight species of wild bats. We then used model predictions to examine the role of host sex and species identity on viral diversity at the levels of host individual, population, and community. Results demonstrate that cPCR and viral sequencing failed to perfectly detect viral presence. Nevertheless, model estimates correcting for imperfect detection show that reproductively active bats, especially reproductively active females, have significantly higher viral richness, and host sex and species identity interact to affect viral richness. Further, host sex significantly affects viral turnover across host populations, as females host more heterogeneous viral communities than do males. Results suggest models of viral ecology benefit from integration of multi-scale host factors, with implications for bat conservation and epidemiology. Furthermore, by accounting for imperfect detection in laboratory assays, we demonstrate how statistical models developed for other purposes hold promising possibilities for molecular and epidemiological applications.


The feedback linearization technique is applied to the problem of spacecraft attitude control and momentum management with control moment gyros (CMGs). The feedback linearization consists of a coordinate transformation, which transforms the system to a companion form, and a nonlinear feedback control law to cancel the nonlinear dynamics resulting in a linear equivalent model. Pole placement techniques are then used to place the closed-loop poles. The coordinate transformation proposed here evolves from three output functions of relative degree four, three, and two, respectively. The nonlinear feedback control law is presented. Stability in a neighborhood of a controllable torque equilibrium attitude (TEA) is guaranteed and this fact is demonstrated by the simulation results. An investigation of the nonlinear control law shows that singularities exist in the state space outside the neighborhood of the controllable TEA. The nonlinear control law is simplified by a standard linearization technique and it is shown that the linearized nonlinear controller provides a natural way to select control gains for the multiple-input, multiple-output system. Simulation results using the linearized nonlinear controller show good performance relative to the nonlinear controller in the neighborhood of the TEA.


Abstract Groundwater quality is critical to ensure the safety of water supply and sustainable social and economic development. The present study introduces a framework of ranking the groundwater quality, employing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and entropy weight method. The water quality guidelines of the WHO and national guidelines were adopted. According to selected groundwater quality standards, groundwater can be classified into five grades, including excellent, good, moderate, poor and very poor. TDS, SO42–, Cl–, nitrate, F– and pH were selected as the assessment indicators. A final ranking map was derived based on the assessment results. The results show that geology and land use are the main governing factors of groundwater quality in the study area. Groundwater in the study area is mainly Ca-Cl type and mixed type and the anions show a great variability. The majority of the water samples are of excellent to good quality and moderate quality. The overall groundwater quality is generally good and is generally suitable for irrigation and drinking. However, precise and long term groundwater quality monitoring in this domain is essential.


Testing Emotion Dysregulation as a Moderator in an Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy in Couples. (August 2008) Rachael LeAnn Herrington, B.S, Oklahoma State University; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Douglas K. Snyder Although theorists, researchers, and therapists alike emphasize emotional intimacy as an important aspect of a couple's relationship, empirical data to understand the underlying processes behind this concept are lacking. The purpose of this study is to examine Reis and Shaver's interpersonal process model of intimacy in a community sample of couples and to contribute to the current understanding of constructs that may moderate the process of intimacy. Reis and Shaver's model suggests that vulnerable self-disclosure by one partner, coupled with empathic responding by the other partner, results in greater subjective emotional intimacy. Previous studies have examined this interpersonal process model in a sample of community couples in committed romantic relationships. The present study aims to contribute to the extant literature by testing emotion dysregulation as a potential moderator in Reis and Shaver's interpersonal process model of intimacy. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze data from 108 community couples. Couples completed measures and were asked to participate in videotaped interactions in which each partner discussed a time that someone other than the partner hurt their feelings (low threat condition) and a time the partner hurt their


According to auto-control theoretic,dead band is one of the popular nonlinearity phenomena in a closed-loop system which arose from the feedback channels with disproportion feedback coefficient.In this paper,nonlinearity errors such as zero bias,zero drifting,resulting from dead band phenomena in digital closed-loop fiber optic current transformers(FOCT),were analyzed by,in the application of feedback models.The frequency and phase characteristic of interfering signal and the process that the interfering signal tracked and locked input signal were analyzed to prove that besides the designed phase-compensation feedback channel,electrical crosstalk between phase modulator and photo-electric detector,modulation errors,were the main interference sources,which worked as an abnormal feedback channel and caused dead band phenomena.By the development of dead band model,combining ideal digital model and partial integration model of digital closed-loop FOCT,the condition expression and output errors produced by dead band were derived as well as the means that might be in application to restrain the output errors were discussed.


We present a study of the three forbidden oxygen lines [OI] located in the optical region – i.e., 5577.339 A (the green line), 6300.304 A and 6363.776 A (the two red lines) – in order to better understand the production of these atoms in cometary atmospheres. The analysis is based on 48 high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra collected with UVES at the ESO VLT between 2003 and 2011 referring to 12 comets of different origins observed at various heliocentric distances. The flux ratio of the green line to the sum of the two red lines is evaluated to determine the parent species of the oxygen atoms by comparison with theoretical models. This analysis confirms that, at about 1 AU, H2O is the main parent molecule producing oxygen atoms. At heliocentric distances >2.5 AU, this ratio changes rapidly, an indication that other molecules are starting to contribute. The most abundant species after H2 Oi n the coma, CO and CO 2, are good candidates, and the ratio is used to estimate their abundances. We found that the CO2 abundance relative to H2 Oi n comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) observed at 4 AU can be as high as ∼70%. The intrinsic widths of the oxygen lines were also measured. The green line is on average about 1 km s −1 broader than the red lines, while the theory predicts that the red lines are broader. This might be due to the nature of the excitation source or to a contribution of CO2 as the parent molecule of the 5577.339 A line. At 4 AU, we found that the width of the green and red lines in comet C/2001 Q4 are the same, which could be explained if CO2 becomes the main contributor to the three [OI] lines at high heliocentric distances.


Injection of high-energy neutrals is a common tool to heat the plasma and drive current non-inductively in fusion devices. Once neutrals ionize, the resulting energetic particles can drive instabilities that are detrimental for the performance and the predictability of plasma discharges. A broad deposition profile of neutrals from neutral beam injection, e.g. by aiming the beam tangentially on the outboard midplane (i.e. off-axis), is often assumed to limit those undesired effects by reducing the radial gradient of the EP density, thus reducing the drive for instabilities. However, this work presents new evidence that tangential neutral beam injection, including off-axis injection near the plasma mid-radius, can also lead to undesired effects such as the destabilization of Alfvénic instabilities. Time-dependent analysis with the TRANSP code indicates that instabilities are driven by a combination of radial and energy gradients in the distribution function of the energetic particles. The mechanisms for wave-particle interaction revealed by the energetic particle phase space resolved analysis are the basis to identify strategies to mitigate or suppress the observed instabilities.


A multi-dkp~ team investigatedperformaace of a variablespeed residential beat pump system that was controlled by a modjfied hame automation system using a twisted-pair home bus. The major objective was to modifythebardwareandsoftwareofahomeautomadon systemsothatitcouldeffectivelyconoolavariablespeed, unedHVACSystemtomaximizecomfortandminimize energyconsmption. Ifthiswassuccessfuitheteam wouldtbencorrsiderupgradingthecu"unicati0nsstratsultsdemaustratedthatacommexcialHVACsystemcan beeffecrivelyconmlledbyamodifklhomeaumationsystem. Atbwcompressor/faaspeeds,largeenergy savings - upto499b in heating mode and upto479b in cooling mode- wereachievedforvariablevsfixedspeed operatioas. Thereducedenergycostscanjustifythe additional control costs in the app"e - application. egytoastandarchzed ' residential LAN like -BUS. Re


While there is considerable controversy in treating native aortic coarctation with balloon angioplasty (BA) [1–5], there appears to be unanimity in managing postsurgical aortic recoarctation (PSAC) with BA [6–8]. Since the initial description of BA to relieve PSAC by Singer et al. [9], a number of other investigators (referenced elsewhere [10] as well as by Tomita et al. [11]) have applied this technique in the management of recoarctation. The technique of BA has been described by several investigators [6–9] and by us [10,12–14]. Selection of size of the balloon used for BA is germane to the success of the procedure. The diameter of the balloon selected for BA should be two or more times the diameter of the coarcted segment, but not larger than the descending aortic diameter at the level of diaphragm. We initially choose a balloon diameter midway between the aortic isthmus (or transverse aortic arch) and descending aorta at the level of diaphragm. If a residual gradient 20 mm Hg and angiographic evidence for obstruction remained, a balloon as large as the diameter of descending aorta at the level of diaphragm is selected for additional dilatation [13]. Following BA, immediate reduction in peak systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation, increase in the diameter of the coarcted aortic segment, decreased systemic hypertension, and improved symptomatology are demonstrated. The favorable result is similar irrespective of the type of prior surgical repair [10]. Longterm follow-up data, while scanty [15], suggested continued relief of obstruction, decrease in systemic hypertension, and minimal incidence of recoarctation and aneurysm formation. In the preceding article, Tomita et al. [11] present the results of BA of postsurgical transverse aortic arch recoarctation and demonstrated immediate relief of obstruction. There was sustained improvement during a follow-up for 6–8 months. Unique in their report is the use of protective balloon in the left common carotid artery (LCCA). They inflated the protective LCCA balloon simultaneously with the BA balloon across the narrowed transverse aortic arch, the so-called kissing balloon technique, in order to prevent development of an intimal flap in the LCCA. The authors should be congratulated for successful treatment of this difficult group of patients. However, this technique involves the use of an additional arterial entry site (carotid or femoral artery) to gain access to the LCCA, which in turn subjects the patients to additional risks. Extra time involved to get additional access in these sick babies is of some concern. Added expense associated with use of the extra balloon and other materials is also a consideration. Equally important, however, is that the adverse effects of arterial injury may be significant. Femoral arterial compromise in young infants is well known. With regard to carotid arterial use, in a follow-up study, Weber et al. [16] demonstrated abnormal carotid artery in 31% of patients. Injury to the carotid artery itself during balloon inflation and the resultant intimal proliferative response may also end up in adverse consequence. These considerations dictate that the basis for using a protective balloon should be well founded. There is no doubt that intimal tear is most likely a mechanism for relief of obstruction with BA; extensive referencing of intravascular ultrasound documentation by the authors has nicely illustrated this point. The authors also quote evidence that BA may result in extension of the intimal tear into the healthy artery when bifurcation lesions are subjected to dilatation; this was shown for coronary artery, renal artery, carotid artery bifurcation, and even descending aortic bifurcation. However, intimal tears in the aortic arch vessels following BA for either native or postsurgical aortic coarctation, to my knowledge, have not been documented, nor did the authors present such evidence. In our own personal experience with several cases of PSAC involving transverse aortic arch, we have not observed extension of intimal tears into the arch vessels. This may in part be related to limiting the size of the dilating balloon to the diameter of the descending aorta at the level of diaphragm, as has been


We report on the X-ray properties of four rotation-powered pulsars with characteristic ages in the range 0.3–5 Myr, derived from the analysis of XMM–Newton archival observations. We found convincing evidence of thermal emission only in the phase-averaged spectrum of PSR B0114+58, which is well fitted by a blackbody with temperature kT = 0.17 ± 0.02 keV and emitting radius R = 405+110−90 m, consistent with the size of its polar cap. The three other considered pulsars, PSR B0628−28, PSR B0919+06, and PSR B1133+16, have phase-averaged spectra that can be described well by single power laws with photon index Γ ~ 3. The 3σ upper limits on the bolometric luminosity of a possible thermal component with temperatures in the range ~0.05−2 keV are Lbol ≲ 3.2 × 1028 erg s−1 and Lbol ≲ 2.4 × 1029 erg s−1, for PSR B0628−28 and PSR B0919+06, respectively. On the other hand, we found possible evidence that the pulsed emission of PSR B0628−28 is thermal. Two absorption lines at ~0.22 keV and ~0.44 keV are detected in the spectrum of PSR B1133+16. They are best interpreted as proton cyclotron features, implying the presence of multipolar components with a field of a few 1013 G at the neutron star polar caps. We discuss our results in the context of high-energy emission models of old rotation-powered pulsars.


The present work is concentrated on the analysis of the jurisprudence between the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of European Union in the sector of private international law. Particularly, it deals with the differences, similarities, influences, impact, etc. in the sector of family law, insolvency and succession according the Regulations and the private international law and, last but not least, the recognition of sentences by the European Member States.


Group owner of the peer-to-peer communications network, all clients associated with a peer-to-peer communication network support to determine whether to support direct data communication. Group owner, if all associated client supports direct data communication between the portion of each beacon interval, configured to implement the awake mode. Group owner, in order to save power network coordinator without interrupting the communication between the associated client devices, during the remaining portion of each beacon interval, so as to implement a sleep mode for a network coordinator device configuration It is. .FIELD 1


A deterministic methodology is presented for developing closed-form deflection equations for two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattice structures. Two types of lattice structures are studied: beams and soft lattices. Castigliano's second theorem, which entails the total strain energy of structure, is utilized to generate highly accurate results. Derived deflection equations provide new insight into the bending and shear behavior of the two types of lattices, in contrast to classic solutions of similiar lattice truss structures.


Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis value of color Doppler ultrasound in deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs.Methods Sixty three cases of acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs were detected by ultrosound,and the features of echo,sizes of caliber were compared with that of normal side.Results Twenty one cases(33.3%) were peripheral type,twelve cases(19.0%) were central type and thirty cases(47.6%) were mixed type.Twenty nine cases(100%) of acute thrombosis were low echo,and twenty three cases(67.6%) of subacute thrombosis were middle echo.The sizes of caliber of popliteal vein and femoral vein in acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis were bigger than that of normal side(P0.01).There was no statistical significance between acute group and subacute group.Conclusion There were signficant difference features between thrombosis location,echo characters and range in most of acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs.The possibility of acute deep vein thrombosis exists in peripheral type and central type,subacute deep vein thrombosis exists in peripheral type and central type,and subacute deep vein thrombosis exists in mixed type.There is differential diagnosis value of ultrasound in acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis.


This reprinted article originally appeared in Rehabilitation Psychology, 2007, Vol 52(4), 421-428. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-17713-007.)Purpose: To investigate whether older men and women differ in self-regulation of driving in the context of objective visual-attention impairments. METHOD: Participants were 1,543 drivers aged 75 years or older who participated in a state-wide study. They completed an objective measure of visual attention and self-report measures of driving habits and functional status. Crash records were obtained from the state department of public safety. RESULTS: Overall, women reported greater avoidance of difficult driving situations than did men, and drivers with impaired visual attention reported greater driving avoidance than did nonimpaired drivers. However, men were at least as likely as women to modify their driving in the context of impaired visual attention. CONCLUSION: Gender disparity in self-restriction of driving may not be due to gender differences in risk taking. It is necessary to consider factors associated with restricted driving among older adults because of their susceptibility to mobility compromise. Interventions for improving visual attention and self-regulation of driving may be effective in extending the years of autonomous driving without jeopardizing the safety of the community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en


An experiment to know resistence of five shallot cultivars to the desease, and relation between the shallot leaf anatomy structure and its resistence to the desease carried out at the plastic house of agri cultural Fakulty, and Plant Development Structure Laboratory Of Biology Fakulty. Penulis adalah Program Sarjana MAgister Pertanian, Universirtas Jendral Soedirman, Purwokerto


Correspo p nd d den en ence ce ce: : : Abstract: Background-Evidence regarding the relationship of cardiovascular health (CVH) defined by


This paper analyzes the macroeconomic policies of Taiwan since 1980, to set the framework in which trade and industrial policy took place.


A bidirectional radio over a colorless wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) passive optical network (PON) with wavelength reuse based on polarization multiplexing and coherent detection incorporating digital phase noise cancellation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.


This study proposes a gesture recognition system to operate a mobile robot with a natural user interface between man and machine. In this system, five gestures are used for the operation, and they are presented by the continuous movements of human's right hand. We use features estimated by Fourier transform for movements of right hand. But, this method has some time delay. So, we propose a gesture recognition system combined by the method using the position and movements of right hand estimated in a short time. In the experimental results, time delay is reduced and the gesture recognition is improved by our proposed method.


IN FEBRUARY OF 1848, THE PEOPLE OF PARIS ROSE IN REVOLT against the constitutional monarchy of Louis Philippe. Although in retrospect it was easy to appreciate how the ground had been prepared by the calamitous economic crisis that began in 1845-1846 and by the political reform movement launched late in 1847, the February Revolution appeared to stun even those best apprised of the French situation. Tocqueville himself, whose reputation for political prescience had been enhanced by a 29 January speech before the Chamber of Deputies warning of a "'revolutionary wind in the air," later conceded that he spoke more to rouse his fellow deputies from their complacency than out of any concrete sense of what was soon to follow. According to most contemporary accounts, the February insurgents were drawn from a broad spectrum of the Parisian population and, with the exception of the municipal guard's determined efforts, encountered little serious resistance.' Of course, assertions of the one-sided character of such conflicts frequently prove to be part of the creative reconstruction of events that follows a successful challenge to the power of the state. Still, as one indicator of the breadth of support for this insurrection, analysts could point to the fact that, between the first overt hostilities and the king's ignominious departure from the capital, barely forty-eight hours had elapsed. It is, in part, this contrast between the apparent unanimity of the population's response and the failure of contemporary observers to anticipate the insurrection's outbreak that accounts for the fascination of the February Days to students of revolutionary movements.


One of the foremost examples of development through private enterpreneurship is the case of farmer investment in tubewells in Pakistan and the supply industries which have arisen to provide tubewell components and installations. The phenomenon has been frequently studied, in some cases before regular statistical series of tubewell numbers emerged. As a result several independent estimates are available, largely derived from surveys, which are not wholly consistent with each other. Some series include only private tubewells, some combine private and government tubewells into one inseparable figure while others do not specify. Some data reflect a December thirty-first situation while others represent June thirtieth.


In this paper we advocate curriculum reforms directed to the study of introductory topics of differential and integral calculus during high school development in order to improve the transition to higher education and contribute to improving the performance of this subject in higher education institutions. This problem is substantiated by the high rates of non-approval of students taking this course. We present a history of curricular reforms that have already applied this proposal and argue about the aspects that should be considered by a future reform. Finally, we analyze the structure of calculus teaching and the possible need of a curricular reform in order to contribute to the improvement of the current panorama.


In this paper, the impact of life-style habits (behavioral including sleep, eating, body type, physical activities and health condition) on an individual's health in terms of physical capabilities is studied using data mining techniques. The study aims at finding and recommending the best life-style habits that will help an individual maintain good health and wellness. The study was an unsupervised one, as we had no class attribute. Hence, a-priori, simple k-means, and decision trees were used. The results showed that different techniques give different interesting models and patterns. This study concludes that data mining plays an important role in analyzing medical data.


Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors that contribute to successful surgical outcome in canaliculi repairs from accidents, in terms of anatomic and function of nasolacrimal duct, at Thammasat University Hospital. Research design: Retrospective, descriptive study Methodology: Retrospective medical records for patients presenting with canaliculi and lid tear, which received canaliculi repairs and lid repairs under general anesthesia during the duration of five years, from 2012 to 2017 at Thammasat University Hospital and follow-up for one year. Results: Fifty-four patients canaliculi and lid tear and subsequently received canaliculi repairs and lid repairs with are annular intubation (Pigtail). However, only 39 patients had sufficient data to be included in the study. It was found that both the material used in the canaliculi (Vicryl) and lid repairs (Nylon) had a diameter of more than 0.7 mm, which is a significant important prognostic factor for successful surgical outcome (p <0.05), where the ratio of Ml 20 (57.14) (p=0.047) and Ml 20 (58.82) (p=0.020), respectively. Furthermore, achieving canaliculi repairs in an anatomically correct position not only contributes to cosmetic effect, but is also a statistically significant important prognostic factor for successful surgical outcome (p<0.05). Qualified ophthalmologists directly performing the surgeries also contribute to a statistically significant better results when compared to residents (p<0.05). Conclusion: The selection of materials for canaliculi and lid repairs with diameters larger than 0.7 mm(Vicryl 7/0 for pericanaliculi and nylon 7/0 for repair lid) is an important prognostic factor that contribute to successful surgical outcome in canaliculi repairs.


Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder defined as abnormal growth of endometrial tissue at ectopic sites, most often on the ovary. Women with endometriosis are at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. We recently generated a mouse model for ovarian endometriosis, using the previously established LSL‐KrasG12D mice, which we crossed with MUC1 transgenic mice. Following intra‐bursal administration of Cre‐encoding adenovirus, the MUC1Kras mice develop de novo, endometriosis‐like lesions. Interestingly, these mice show an increased percentage of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in their spleens and para‐aortic lymph nodes but fewer Th17.


Malignant neoplasms are the third leading cause of pediatric deaths in the United States; death by firearms is the second.1 Gun violence affects all communities, but in the United States children die by firearms at a rate 42 times the rate of children in other developed countries.2 This is accounted for, in part, by legislative restrictions prohibiting federal funding by national health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and (CDC) and National Institute of Health (NIH), that effectively defunded research on gun violence in two decades.3–5 Pediatric firearm deaths occur most often by suicide in rural areas and most often due to homicide in urban areas, and gun access is the common link.6,7 In the national debate about gun violence prevention, the loudest voices from the medical field often come from those who treat acute gun injuries—trauma surgeons and emergency physicians—and those who see themselves in a prevention role—such as primary care physicians who screen for guns in the home. In 2019, when the NRA advised physicians that issues of gun violence were not within their expertise, many practitioners responded through social media, using the viral #ThisIsOurLane, to express how vital themedical community is to treating and addressing gun violence.8 Subspecialty physiciansmay feel that they do not have a role or a voice in preventing gun-related tragedies. Yet the intersection of social environment and medicine is often amplified for people with chronic and complex diseases. Many subspecialists develop long-term relationships with their patients with chronic disease, and in hematology/oncology, providers often assume the role of a primary care provider.9 Because of this, discussing gun safetywith our patients is within our lane andwemust join the effort to end the gun violence epidemic. A new cancer diagnosis presents intense psychosocial stress on both patients and their families. Pediatric oncologists may feel that there is an endless amount of information to distill with each new diagnosis of cancer; asking about the presence of a gun in the home might not make the list. Studies in adults have demonstrated that patients with cancer are two times more likely to commit suicide than the general population10 there is a paucity of information on pediatric suicide associated with cancer. In our single site experience assessing the efficacy of gun safety teaching among caregivers of hospitalized children and adolescents, we have identified adolescents with feelings of hopelessness as a result of a new oncologic diagnosis and one family had multiple firearms in the home. Risk in this situation does not need to be in the context of clinically diagnosed depression but can be just as lethal in moments of despair combined with adolescent impulsivity and access to a firearm. Of the childhood suicides that do take place, over 60% involve death by a gun1 and studies show that the risk of suicide by firearms is up to 10 times higher in homes with guns than homes without.7 Safe storage was a vital part of discharge teaching for this family and left us to wonder how many missed conversations about gun safety were happening for this high-risk group. The need to continue to shine the spotlight on gun violence prevention persists and has been highlighted during the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. More than 2.5 million guns were sold in March of this year during the peak of the virus, making it the highest single month gun sale recorded in the United States, up 85% from the previous year. Following this increase in gun sales, there has been an increase in unintentional shootings; the increase in guns purchased coupled with prolonged social distancing and an economic downturn during this pandemic could lead to a suicide epidemic.11 From March to April 2020, there have been 21 deaths by unintentional shooting of children less than 18 years of age, a rise from the average of 15 deaths reported in previous years.12 Moreover, socioeconomic disadvantage has been shown to compound and independently affect psychologic distress and depressive symptoms for caregivers of pediatric cancer patients.13 During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, job loss and economic downturn is affecting many families, with greater COVID-19related stressors increasing perceived parental stress.14 The increase in gun access and potential for profound increases in perceived stress and cancer-related stressors during the pandemic could potentiate a higher risk of suicide by firearms; the need for improved safe


This paper sets forth from the effect analysis of the concrete raw materials and all kinds of the performance index tests. It makes further research and exploration of the mix proportion design of P (AA-co-MA)/PEG polycarboxylic copolymer and high performance concrete with composite admixture, combining the mixture of the high performance concrete as well as the performances such as the workability, the hardness of the cement setting and hardening and the endurance quality. It is found that mixing 1.46% P (AA-co-MA)/PEG polycarboxylic copolymer, 15% fly ash and 10% granulated blast furnace slag powder together and adding the mixture into the concrete can not only save the cement but also improve the performance of the concrete. The designed C30 mix propor-tion design of P (AA-co-MA)/PEG polycarboxylic copolymer and high performance concrete with composite admixture has been applied successfully in the high-rise building construction.


Enforced expression of Id3, which has the capacity to inhibit many basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors, in human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells that have not undergone T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements inhibits development of the transduced cells into TCRαβ and γδ cells in a fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC). Here we document that overexpression of Id3, in progenitors that have initiated TCR gene rearrangements (pre‐T cells), inhibits development into TCRαβ but not into TCRγδ T cells. Furthermore, Id3 impedes expression of recombination activating genes and downregulates pre‐Tα mRNA. These observations suggest possible mechanisms by which Id3 overexpression can differentially affect development of pre‐T cells into TCRαβ and γδ cells. We also observed that cell surface CD4−CD8−CD3− cells with rearranged TCR genes developed from Id3‐transduced but not from control‐transduced pre‐T cells in an FTOC. These cells had properties of both natural killer (NK) and pre‐T cells. These findings suggest that bHLH factors are required to control T cell development after the T/NK developmental checkpoint.


Deep geological disposal of long-lived radioactive waste is currently considered a major challenge. Until present, only three deep geological disposal facilities have worldwide been operated: the Asse experimental repository (1967-1978) and the Morsleben repository (1971-1998) in Germany as well as the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in the USA (1999 to present). Recently, the licensing procedure for the fourth such facility, the German Konrad repository, ended with a positive ''Planfeststellung'' (plan approval). With its plan approval decision, the licensing authority, the Ministry of the Environment of the state of Lower Saxony, approved the single license needed pursuant to German law to construct, operate, and later close down this facility.


In the chemical industry, chlorine is one of the most widely used chemicals. The chlorine molecule is often used as a modifier or as an aid to manufacture other chemicals. Oftentimes, some or all of the chlorine used is reduced to hydrogen chloride, a waste byproduct.


At the end of Edwidge Danticat's The Farming of Bones, Amabelle, who has survived the Haitian genocide incited by Dominican dictator Generalissimo Trujillo, lies partially submerged in the river that separates the two countries, "looking for the dawn" (310). The ambiguous hope of the ending of The Farming of Bones appears to deviate from Danticat's earlier two works, which demonstrate the restorative potential of reconnecting with the culture of one's estranged homeland. In both Breath, Eyes, Memory and the diasporic stories in Krik? Krak!, Danticat's characters maneuver between the United States and Haiti, discovering that their psychic wholeness depends heavily on embracing their Haitian roots. Amabelle, on the other hand, having returned to Haiti after escaping from the Dominican Republic, has existed in a "living death" for the last twenty-four years (283). Only Amabelle's final act of entering into the water, "paddling like a newborn in a washbasin" (310), suggests renewal, yet the source of hope remains unclear. April Shemak and Florence Ramond Jurney, each referring to Gloria Anzaldúa's Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza and "border theory," interpret Amabelle's entering the river as a sort of "in-betweenness." According to this view, Amabelle, being neither Dominican nor (because of her long absence) fully Haitian, finds home only between the two countries. Shemak, however, resists understanding Amabelle's venture as "an ultimate claiming of the border" (106), which is Jurney's tendency. Jurney understands Amabelle's entering the river as a means for her to "connect herself to her origins—to her own mother, but also to her father, to Sebastien, and to Mimi, essentially, to all those who form[ed] her community" (par. 39). Amabelle's reconnection with her origins is a key component of the ending of the novel; however, emphasis should be placed on Haiti, not the border. Amabelle is, after all, on the Haitian bank of the river. More to the point, Father Romain, a minor character in The Farming of Bones, demonstrates the healing potential of reconnecting with Haitian culture, continuing the motif from Danticat's first two works. Introduced early in the novel, Father Romain is a Haitian priest who works to educate the children of Haitian immigrants in the Dominican Republic. He comes from the same area in Haiti as Amabelle, a point both characters make much of as a means of connecting with their previous lives in Haiti. Highlighting the value of such connections, Father Romain's sermons emphasize that Haitians share "language, foods, history, carnival, songs, tales, and prayers" (73), commonalities that, according to Kelli Lyon Johnson, "allow for the construction and maintenance of a national identity for those Haitians working in exile, one that challenges the dominant [and negative] Dominican construction of Haitians [. . .]" (par. 14).


Alternative magnetic leakage flux method was developed from the eddy current testing and traditional magnetic leakage flux testing,and it was advantageous for surface flaw recognition.The fast flaw-recognition model based on the magnetic field measurement and the depth-detection model based on the frequency sweeping method were built.Experimental results proved their accuracy.


A method and system in a heterogeneous environment, has a function of position in at least one of the best access area or access points, these access areas or access point one or more access requested by the user It supports the technology. The determination of whether it is the best access area or point, in part, the position of the device, preference for the specified user, service / application conditions, and based on the connection capacity of the available access networks It is executed. Alternative options the best access point, resulting location is mapped processed according complex conditions, and conditions of service / application of the communication device. Access point associated with, and the mapping, and other information / recommendation, is supplied to the operation of the communication device by the user.


In standard mathematical terminology, "the" method of undetermined coefficients is a method used to solve relatively simple nonhomogeneous linear differential equations with constant coefficients. However, the method of undetermined coefficients for differential equations is just one example of a family of methods used when you know the structure of a solution to a problem but not the specific solution. In partial fraction decomposition, we write a general form of terms in a sum, using an as yet undetermined coefficient for each. Then we do some work to reduce the original problem to a system of simple equations for the undetermined coefficients. In differential equations, the method of undetermined coefficients involves identifying the structure of a particular solution to a differential equation and then using that structure to reduce the original problem to a simple algebra problem. The method of undetermined coefficients can be described using a large number of examples, or it can be described in general terms using an abstract formulation. The advantage of the abstract formulation is that once you understand it, there is very little to remember. A smaller number of examples will suffice to illustrate the method.


In this paper, the author obtains some existence theorems for Cauchy's initial val-ue problems in Banach spaces, The main characteristic of this paper is that the author do not employ uniform continuity condition, The results in this paper are improvements and gener-alizations of the known ones,


[Objective]To investigate the changing rules of clinical bacterial distribution and antibiotics sensitivity spectrum,so as to promote the correctness of first application of antibiotics to improve the therapeutic effects and shorten clinical disease course.[Methods]The distribution and drug-resistance of 270 strains of clinical pathogenic bacteria isolated from 1997 to 2003 in mining area in Gansu Province were analyzed retrospectively.[Results]The isolation rate of Gram-positive bacteria rose from 29% in 1997 to 69% in 2003.The isolation rates of Staphylococcus epidermidis(37%),Stomatococcus mucilaginosus(19%)and Escherichia coli(11%)rose obviously,and they got to be the top three clinical isolated bacteria.The Penicillin resistance rates of staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcus were close to 100%.The rates of resistance to Compound Sulfamethoxazole and Ampicillin Sodium of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were close to 100%.Enterococcus had resistence to majority of antibiotics.Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Cefoperazone and Amikacin Sulfate,while Gram-positive bacteria were not sensitive to any antibiotics.[Conclusions]The problem of antibiotics resistance is very serious in clinical practice in mining area in Gansu Province.It is very necessary to monitor the changes of clinical bacteria distribution and antibiotics resistance spectrum regularly.And the drug-resistance of bacteria should be considered sufficiently in application of antibiotics,in order to select drugs correctly and efficiently,shorten course of disease、decrease medical expenses and loss of the delay of one's work,slow down the pace o f drug resistance and prolong the use of antimicrobial agents.


Studies regarding the determination of the ecological characteristics of the natural distribution areas of the silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) are limited. It is of great importance to select areas with similar natural cultivation characteristics in the plantations established for flower or timber production. Physiographical factors affecting these forests were explored to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. The soil samples were collected from three natural populations, and a total of 43 samples were examined in terms of aspect, elevation, declivity position, and slope. It was determined that the natural linden populations expanded between the altitudes of 0 m and 400 m and 88% of the populations were denser in aspects with shadow. It was found that 91% of the soil was in the class of "deep to very deep", 61% showed an expansion in sandy clay loam soils, and 30% showed an expansion in sandy loam soils. Average soil pH ranged between 5.6 and 6.6. The soils were found to be salt-free and slightly limy. In terms of the organic carbon amount, the soils were classified as medium.


Four major toners are used in the printing industry, cyan, magenta, yellow and black (Key) for making color images on paper. Paper brands suitable for printing have thin mineral/latex coatings, and toners are applied on top of the coating in the printing process. Chemical compositions from toner to toner, as well as from coating to coating, vary according to the needs of the end user. Interactions between the toner and the coating define the final color formation of the images in printing. Hence, it is important to study characteristics and dynamics of toners on coated papers. In this paper, we have used laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) to provide information on elemental distributions of the toner and the coating layers on three coated papers and the base paper at a sub-micrometer resolution. Ablation crater depth profiles in the three different material layers were converted into metric scale by combining elemental information from the LIBS measurements and optical profilometry. Ablation efficiencies for a toner of 150 nm/pulse, for a coating of approximately 350 nm/pulse and for a base paper of approximately 1 μm at a fluence of 0.6 J/cm2 of an ArF excimer laser were determined. Using these results, the average layer thicknesses of the toner and the coating layers were evaluated. The detailed analysis of the elemental profiles of the two cyan toners studied revealed strong accumulation of silicon and titanium compounds of the toner on the toner–air interface but also on the toner–coating interface, but to a much smaller extent. The observation reveals the significance of toner component diffusion due to substrate–machine interaction in the printing process. Such diffusion processes must have an important role in final color formation of the images in printing. The method developed provides a unique and accurate means to study toner diffusion processes in coated papers under printing conditions.


Primary Industry and Fisheries Minister Chris Natt is confident this week's trip to Vietnam will result in positive strides for the Territory's live cattle export industry. "The Territory's live cattle export industry continues to grow and we would like to see it expand into Vietnam," Mr Natt said. "Vietnam's young population and growing economy means there is plenty of potential for increased red meat consumption – and we would like to cater for that increased demand. "Territory cattle are of the highest quality and I am sure the Vietnamese will appreciate this fact over time. "Last year's live cattle exports through the port of Darwin increased by more than 20 per cent to 283,000 head of cattle – most of which were from the Territory. "And, year-to-date, the number of live cattle exports through the port of Darwin to the end of February is up almost 23,000 on the same time last year. "Our live cattle industry already employs more than 1000 people and is worth more than $180 million to our economy and this Government is keen to improve on those figures." Mr Natt will meet with Vietnamese Government officials and be accompanied by representatives from the NT Cattleman's Association and NT Livestock Exporters Association while in Vietnam. "Seminars on the live export trade will include presentations from industry and Northern Territory Government experts," Mr Natt said. "This is yet another example of this Government working in partnership with industry to develop new markets for Territory producers. "I believe there is significant opportunity for the establishment of a live cattle trade between the Northern Territory and Vietnam that will benefit both our economies." Mr Natt will fly to Perth today to attend meetings before continuing on to Sabah and Vietnam.


Facial expression cognition technology continues to face challenges from certain perspectives despite the fact that there have been significant recent learning advances in computer vision in the areas involving posture, orientation, and viewing mode of photos or videos that affects the device performance. In particular, the current distributed machine learning schemes do not consider the privacy issue in face monitoring data. Hence, this paper proposes a new federated learning framework for unsupervised multidomain face recognition of postexercise. It is a graph AE design base to ensure multiple edge devices can cooperate with each other to ensure the optimization of the common objective function of the model to enhance the efficiency and speed of the global model. In addition, a multidomain learning loss function is proposed to share the common feature representation with other related tasks to improve domain adaptability. Adversarial learning is used to improve the recognition effect of the federated framework in each domain. The proposed scheme is validated on different multidomains expression datasets and the experimental results indicate a 19% higher F1 score than the benchmark scheme in multidomain face recognition tasks.


Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder affecting the hair-bearing sites of the body. Trichoscopy has recently been practiced in the diagnosis of alopecia areata. Aim: To elicit trichoscopy patterns in alopecia areata and to find out any correlation of trichoscopic findings with disease severity. Methods: Trichoscopy was done on clinically diagnosed cases of alopecia areata and on age and sex-matched controls without hair disorders by using a DL1 dermoscope (magnification: ×10). Observed dermoscopic findings were analyzed to find the correlation with disease severity. Results: In total, 87 cases and 60 controls were included in the study with the mean age for cases being 25.47 ± 14.07 years. There was male predominance of cases (51; 58.62%). Alopecia in multiple patches was the most common type (42; 48.27%), and scalp was the most common site of involvement (79; 90.8%). Yellow dots (YD), black dots (BD), broken hairs (BH), circle hair (CH), and tapering hairs (TH) or exclamation hair (EH) were found to be statistically significant findings in alopecia areata as compared to controls. Circle hair was significantly associated with total severity of alopecia areata (P = 0.041). Yellow dots had a positive correlation with the number of episodes of alopecia areata (Spearman's rho = 0.273, P = 0.0106) and mean severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score (P = 0.0130). No significant association was noted between trichoscopic findings and disease activity, family history, disease associations, or nail involvement. Conclusion: A constellation of trichoscopic findings helps in establishing the diagnosis of alopecia areata obviating the need for biopsy.


Waste contributes to environmental, health, economic, and climate problems. Yet waste is not inevitable, but rather a consequence of perception. Organizing physical, biological, and social scientists, engineers, and economists around the theme of waste elimination will reap a harvest of clean energy, a more natural environment, better health outcomes at lower costs, and a more equitable society. The price of action will be high; the price of inaction will be even greater.


We numerically investigate the dynamics of an SIR model with infection level-based lockdowns on Small-World networks. Using a large-deviation approach, namely the Wang-Landau algorithm, we study the distribution of the cumulative fraction of infected individuals. We are able to resolve the density of states for values as low as 10-85. Hence, we measure the distribution on its full support giving a complete characterization of this quantity. The lockdowns are implemented by severing a certain fraction of the edges in the Small-World network, and are initiated and released at different levels of infection, which are varied within this study. We observe points of non-analytical behaviour for the pdf and discontinuous transitions for correlations with other quantities such as the maximum fraction of infected and the duration of outbreaks. Further, empirical rate functions were calculated for different system sizes, for which a convergence is clearly visible indicating that the large-deviation principle is valid for the system with lockdowns.


We present a novel technique for solving the problem of safe control for a class of nonlinear, control-affine systems subject to parametric model uncertainty. Invoking Lyapunov analysis and the notion of fixed-time stability (FxTS), we introduce a parameter adaptation law which guarantees convergence of the estimates of unknown parameters in the system dynamics to their true values within a fixed-time independent of the initial error. We then synthesize this law with a robust, adaptive control barrier function (RaCBF)-based quadratic program to compute safe control inputs despite the considered uncertainty. To corroborate our results, we undertake a comparative case study on the efficacy of this result versus other recent approaches in the literature to safe control under uncertainty, and close by highlighting the value of our method in the context of an automobile overtake scenario.


This paper is intended to test the deontic vs anankastic hypothesis outlined by Sparvoli 2012. The stipulation is that, in past contexts, deontic modals trigger a counterfactual inference, while anankastic modals (here called 'goal-oriented modals') either trigger an actuality entailment effects ('only possibility' modals) or a generic non-factual reading ('mere necessity' modals). The result of this corpus-based study conducted in a Chinese-English parallel corpus confirm the crucial role played by the deontic vs goaloriented contrast in the marking of factuality in Chinese and shows that the factuality value decreases across a cline from goal-oriented to deontic modals.


Geotechnical map is a vital guidance to visualize the behavior of soils. The objective of this paper is to present the geotechnical maps that can be used for preliminary investigation in Ranya city of northern Iraq. The study area is 13.02 km2 with latitude and longitude of 36°15'14" N 44°52'59" E, respectively. A total number of 116 boreholes with the depth up to 5.0 m were utilized to create allowable bearing capacity, particle size, and Atterberg limit maps. Kriging interpolation tool in the ArcGIS software was used to analyze the soil properties data and to achieve the maps. The appraisal study area was divided into three layers 0.5-1.5, 1.5-3.0, and 3.0-5.0 m and the results show the average bearing capacity of 112.2, 168.5, and 244.2 kN/m2 sequentially. Moreover, Particle size distribution's results illustrate that gravel percentage increases in the deeper layers, while fines content decreases with no significant change of sand content. In addition, very high bearing capacity areas were mostly found in the southern and northern parts of the studied area. However, the eastern area represents the area with the minimum bearing capacity where it gradually increases toward the west. Furthermore, the liquid limit and plasticity index reduce from the north to south with an increase in depth of the layers from 3.0-5.0 m. The highest liquid limit value is observed in the depth of 1.5-3.0 m.


The present invention provides a method for producing transition metal hydroxide particles, which comprises carrying out a hydroxylation treatment of particles of a carbonate of a transition metal in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution, wherein each of the particles of the carbonate of the transition metal contains Mn, also contains Ni and/or Co and has a molar ratio of Mn to the transition metal, i.e., Mn/Me, of more than 0.5. The method enables the production of transition metal hydroxide particles which have a powder press density of more than 2.31 g/cm 3 and a (tap density)/(powder press density) ratio of 0.50 or more, and can be used suitably for the production of a lithium transition metal composite oxide that is a lithium-excess active material.


The effect of alkyl group substituents on the degradation rate of poly(n-alkyl acrylate) was investigated by studying the ultrasonic degradation of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) in o-dichlorobenzene at 30 °C. A continuous-distribution kinetic model with midpoint scission was used to determine the rate coefficients. The rate coefficient increased with a decrease in the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group substituent; thus, the degradation rate followed the order PMA > PEA > PBA. This was explained based on the delocalization of charge on the carbon atoms joining two monomer units. The effect of temperature and solvents on the ultrasonic degradation of PBA was also investigated. The degradation rate coefficient decreased with an increase in the vapor pressure of the solvent and with an increase in the temperature. The effect of an initiator, 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), on the degradation of PBA was also investigated. The degradation...


Previous studies mostly ignore possible nonlinear behaviors that may be caused by asymmetry, persistence, or structural breaks. This study aims to fill this gap by applying the Nonlinear Autoregres...


Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) occurs commonly in children and can cause significant renal damage. The purpose of this study is to assess the changes in renal vasculature with spectral Doppler sonography in patients with VUR. In addition, the possible effects of voiding cystoureterography (VCU) on the kidneys in patients with VUR are investigated by calculating renal resistivity index (RI) values before and after VCU using spectral Doppler sonography. In this prospective study, 114 kidneys of 58 children ages 0 to 16 years were included. The RI values that were calculated before and after VCU and RI values in different grades of VUR were compared statistically. In patients with VUR, the renal parenchymal RI values before and after VCU were significantly higher than those in patients without VUR (P < .05). The mean pre-VCU RI values were 0.68 ± 0.03 and 0.65 ± 0.05 in patients with VUR and in the control group, respectively, and the mean post-VCU RI values were 0.68 ± 0.03 and 0.65 ± 0.04 in patients with VUR and in the control group, respectively. Calculating renal RI values from arcuate or interlobar renal arteries with spectral Doppler sonography while the patients are in a supine or lateral decubitus position is a useful technique in patients with VUR, being significantly higher in high-grade VUR patients than in low-grade VUR patients. There is no significant effect of the contrast agent reaching the renal calycial system during VCU examination on renal RI values.


Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a very rare entity of unknown etiology, characterized by excessive intra-osseous proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels, resulting in progressive resorption of bone matrix and destruction of bone. To date we have found only seven published cases concerning fully confirmed GSD of the shoulder girdle bones in children. Our case concerns an 8-year-old boy with involvement of the left clavicle and scapula. The knowledge of imaging and histopathological features is crucial for establishing the diagnosis of GSD, therefore the exchange of experiences in this field is essential for improving the care of affected patients.


Objectives (1) Derive a worldwide body mass index (BMI) multiple regression formula (BMI formula), (2) Quantify the percent weights attributable to dietary and other risk factors from this BMI formula, and (3) Test relevant dietary guidelines and diets using the BMI formula generated BMI estimates Design BMI and risk factor cohort data from 1990-2017 from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) were formatted and population-weighted. We empirically explored the univariate and multiple regression correlations of risk factors with BMI to maximize BMI formula functionality. Setting Worldwide Ecological cohort data Over 12,000 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) risk factor surveys of people 15-69 years old from 195 countries analysed and synthesised into representative cohort risk factor values by staff and volunteer collaborators with the IHME Main outcome measures Performance of a worldwide BMI formula when tested with eight Bradford Hill causality criteria, each scored with 0-5 scale: 0=negative to 5=very strong support (40 possible score) Results In the BMI formula derived, all foods were expressed in kilocalories/day (kcal/day), and all risk factor coefficients were adjusted to equate with their percent weight impacts on BMI. BMI formula =0.29*processed meat +11.87*red meat +0.02*fish +3.74*milk +11.09*poultry +5.46*eggs +1.95*alcohol +6.29*sugary beverages +0.29*corn +3.53*potatoes +2.71 * saturated fatty acids+ 0.64*polyunsaturated fatty acids+0.06*trans fatty acids-0.37*fruit -0.52*vegetables -0.03*nuts and seeds -0.12 *whole grains -0.47*legumes-8.26*rice -18*sweet potatoes -9.93*physical activity (METs/week) +5.78*total kcals/day available-4.13*child underweight+0.92*discontinued breast feeding. BMI increasing foods have + signs in the BMI formula and BMI decreasing foods have - signs. Bradford Hill causality criteria test scores (0-5): (1) strength=5, (2) consistency=5, (3) dose-response=5, (4) temporality=5, (5) analogy=4, (6) plausibility=5, (7) experimentation=5 and (8) coherence=5. Total=39/40. Based on the USA BMI trend data, the mean adult BMI in 1990 was 25.45, is projected to be 28.13 in 2020, and 31.81 in 2050. BMI formula based mean BMI estimates included the following: Dietary Guidelines for Americans=26.34, USA with 50% reduction of BMI increasing food intake =23.34, USA with 25% reduction of BMI increasing food intake and increasing physical activity by running at 6 mph for 1 hour/day on average=23.67, vegetarian diet=22.54, low carbohydrate, high fat diet=31.76. Conclusions Eight relevant Bradford Hill causality criteria strongly supported that the BMI formula derived was causally related to mean BMIs of worldwide cohorts, subgroups, and individual risk factor patterns. The statistical analysis methodology introduced could inform individual, clinical, and public health strategies regarding overweight/obesity prevention/treatment and other health outcomes.


Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of ways to improve the financial support of the agricultural sector in the conditions of economic transformation.

Methodology of research. The study used a set of general and special research methods, in particular: historical and documentary analysis – to determine the conceptual basis of financial support of economic entities in the agricultural sector; graphical and tabular methods – to present the results of the analysis; methods of abstraction and generalization – to formulate conclusions and suggestions.

Findings. The content of the financial support of the agricultural sector is generalized. The essence and the purpose of financial support are revealed. The expediency of developing a financial strategy for the development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is substantiated and its components are identified. The main goals of investment policy in the agricultural sector to create optimal conditions for effective use of investment potential are established. The mechanism of the state support of agricultural commodity producers which has to combine various forms of maintenance is offered: direct (subsidy); indirect (preferential taxation); indirect (not directly related to agricultural production).

Originality. A set of proposals for increasing the amount of funding for the agricultural sector of Ukraine for the use of strategic development reserves has been developed. The typology of financing schemes in accordance with the goals of economic entities in the agricultural sector is substantiated. The strategy of development of financial maintenance of agrarian sphere is offered.

Practical value. The results of the study can be used by agricultural enterprises in the formation of effective policies for financing development activities in a changing competitive environment.
Key words: financing, financial provision, financial resources, economic entities, agricultural enterprises, development strategy, agricultural sphere.


Computations, based on the κ-ω shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model in which all conservation equations were integrated to the wall, were performed to investigate the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer about a semi-cylindrical leading edge with a flat afterbody that is cooled by film-cooling jets, injected from a plenum through three staggered rows of compound-angle holes with one row along the stagnation line and two rows along ±25 deg. Results are presented for the surface adiabatic effectiveness, normalized temperature distribution, velocity vector field, and surface pressure


From Hegelian Philosophical Criticism to The Communist Manifesto,Marx gradually traced the development of the theory of civil society,and expounded the right,competition,equality and innovative spirit of the subject of civil society,and pointed out the civil society as an important force with its interaction with the political state.A theoretical framework is provided for the construction of the harmonious society of our country.In the condition of our socialist market economy,it is of great significance to construct Chinese contemporary civil society in the light of Marx' theory of civil society.


A drain tray apparatus (10) for collecting coolant and other fluids from an internal combustion engine including a pan (11) and tubular handle (12) is described. The pan includes a pump (15) which is used to receive coolant or other fluid from the pan and convey the fluid through the handle (12) to a hose (19) for recycling the fluid to a radiator for the engine or for disposing of the fluid down a drain. In the preferred form the pump is electrical so that it can be connected to a battery for starting the internal combustion engine.


Sir: The article by Ritchie et al ( Psychiatric Bulletin , December 2000, 24 , 447-450) provides a useful contribution to the debate about the use of titles. I agree that the term 'patient' is appropriate for someone who attends a psychiatric outpatient clinic. However, mental health care is


In this paper, we define Hexagonal fuzzy number (HFN) in continuation with the other defined fuzzy numbers. We also include basic arithmetic operations of Hexagonal fuzzy numbers. Finally we define Hexagonal fuzzy matrix with some matrix properties. MSC: 15B15.


We have developed a hard-X-ray phase-imaging microscopy method using a low-brilliance X-ray source. The microscope consists of a sample, a Fresnel zone plate, a transmission grating, and a source grating creating an array of mutually incoherent X-ray sources. The microscope generates an image exhibiting twin features of the sample with opposite signs separated by a distance, which is processed to generate a phase image. The method is quantitative even for non-weak-phase objects that are difficult to be quantitatively examined by the widely used Zernike phase-contrast microscopy, and it has potentially broad applications in the material and biological science fields.


The article is devoted to the study of the aesthetics of symbolism in the works of contemporary Iraqi artists of the 1970s–1990s. The purpose of the study is to analyze the content of symbols in the works of Iraqi symbolist artists in the context of historical and cultural events of the country. The author uses descriptive, analytical, comparative historical methods of scientific research. A brief history of Iraqi symbolism is given. The analysis of the works of Iraqi symbolist artists such as M. Ahmad, V. Sheit, R. Dabdub, D. Azzawi, Sh. H. Al Said is carried out, which allows to clarify the symbolism of Iraqi painting of the 1970s–1990s.


. The current level and abilities of digital platforms are developing new practices of connections, communication, comprising the tourism sector in its different declinations. In its different declinations, the common model is the digitalization of tourism. The article proposals, analyses of the digital platform models related to the tourism sector. The digital platforms can characterize the new sector' phase. Despite this, the sector highlight deeply differences in terms of analysis and knowledge both at theoretical and operative level. The present study of a systematic literature review supported by multiple correspondence analysis highlight three different trajectories related to digital tourism platforms. The paper to provide a better understanding of platform competition research that contributes to our understanding of how platforms compete to produce and capture value in the tourist sector


Conversion of natural forest into agricultural land uses has decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and increased carbon emission into the atmosphere, but proper management of agricultural land can sequester carbon from the atmosphere and increase the SOC. This study was conducted to estimate the SOC content and storage in a forest, agroforestry land, oil palm plantation, and agricultural experimental field and to analyze the correlation between the SOC and other soil characteristics at Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Soil were sampled from the following depths: 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The biomass of litter and ground cover was also sampled. This study found that the forest had the highest average SOC content from the three depths, and 0–30 cm depth SOC storage, while the agroforestry system had the lowest of both SOC content and storage. The 0–10 cm depth had the highest SOC content and storage, while the 20–30 cm depth had the lowest of both variables. The SOC was positively correlated with litter biomass, field capacity, exchangeable potassium, cation exchange capacity, and negatively correlated with bulk density and exchangeable calcium, but not correlated with total nitrogen and available phosphorus. High litter biomass input is the key to the maintenance of high SOC.


Abstract Brown‒Resnick processes are max-stable processes that are associated to Gaussian processes. Their simulation is often based on the corresponding spectral representation which is not unique. We study to what extent simulation accuracy and efficiency can be improved by minimizing the maximal variance of the underlying Gaussian process. Such a minimization is a difficult mathematical problem that also depends on the geometry of the simulation domain. We extend Matheron's (1974) seminal contribution in two directions: (i) making his description of a minimal maximal variance explicit for convex variograms on symmetric domains, and (ii) proving that the same strategy also reduces the maximal variance for a huge class of nonconvex variograms representable through a Bernstein function. A simulation study confirms that our noncostly modification can lead to substantial improvements among Gaussian representations. We also compare it with three other established algorithms.


A Bezier surface is chosen as the finished part surface,a column is chosen as the cutting tool,a series of cut points,which were generated in the process of simulated machining,were simulated as tool path.So the basic programming structure of 5 - axis machining based on haptic device is achieved.


Abstract The European laser safety standards EN 207, EN 208, and EN 12254 each contain an annex B, which serves as a guidance for the selection of products. These annexes are informative only and are therefore not binding. As there are a variety of hazard scenarios, it is not recommended to change these annexes to a normative status, through which they would become mandatory. Instead, it is recommended to allow users to apply their own skills and know-how in selecting appropriate products, justifying where and why they deviate from the guidance in the standards. This paper explains the background on which the guidance for selection in the annexes of the standards is based and shows physically meaningful leeway.


While a cause-and-effect link is elusive, it's possible that environmental and lifestyle factors could explain why rosacea patients appear to suffer more from various conditions. But recent genetic research has hinted at inherited links between rosacea and autoimmune disorders. Recent findings provide more evidence.


The paper aiming at the leakage at the connection and the cracks on pipe materials in the pressure test or the operation process of PVC-U pipe,analyzes the reasons for the leakage,and introduces the maintenance methods and maintenance follow-up work in the leaking pipes with various degrees,so as to direct the practice.


Part I: Distinctive Theoretical Features of FAP.The Historical Roots of FAP. Appreciations and Misunderstandings of Radical Behaviorism. The Importance of Environments and History. What's the Function? Understanding the Functions of the Therapist. The Central Role of Reinforcement. Natural versus Arbitrary Reinforcement. Clinically Relevant Behaviors. Emotions and Feelings. Development of the Self. Intimacy and Attachment. Cognitions and Beliefs. Hidden Meaning. The Therapy Relationship is a Real Relationship. Creating a Sacred Space of Trust and Safety. Part II: Distinctive Practical Features of FAP. The Treatment Rationale and the Beginning of Therapy. Assessment and Flexible Case Conceptualization. Use of Therapeutic Rules. Awareness (Rule 1, Rule 4). Courage (Rule 2). Therapeutic Love (Rule 3). Self-disclosure: Using Your Personal Reactions to Clients. Homework (Rule 5). Talking with Clients (Rule 5). A Logical Therapeutic Interaction in FAP. Openness to Techniques from other Therapies. Termination. Supervision and Training. Ethical Issues and Precautions. The Promise of FAP.


Traditional linear rank tests are known to possess low power for large spectrum of alternatives. In this paper we introduce a new rank test possessing a considerably larger range of sensitivity than linear rank tests. The new test statistic is a sum of squares of some linear rank statistics while the number of summands is chosen via a data‐based selection rule. Simulations show that the new test possesses high and stable power in situations when linear rank tests completely break down, while simultaneously it has almost the same power under alternatives which can be detected by standard linear rank tests. Our approach is illustrated by some practical examples. Theoretical support is given by deriving asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic and proving consistency of the new test under essentially any alternative.


Regina Coeli provides accommodation and support for women who do not have any other place to go. Most of the women who live at Regina Coeli, or who have lived at Regina Coeli, fall into a distinct group of people who experience homelessness. Most of the women are over 40 (many over 50), many have children with whom they have minimal contact, many have been married, most do not have a history of addiction, most have a mental illness, and many have an intellectual disability.


New study of induced activity in a medical linear accelerator room include Mathematical model to calculate the induced dose rate. Both of experimental method and mathematical model present a good agreement. The experimental method was performed using filter papers and portable spectroscopy.The filter paper method was first time used for the purpose of this measurement. Typical radionuclides produced in the treatment room were identified and all results available within this study.


At present,China is in a risk society in which environmental crime is particularly severe.In a risk society,Chinese environmental criminal legislation still has not cast off the shackles of anthropocentrism and there are many defects and holes in environmental criminal legislation.In order to cope with new challenges brought by risk society,Chinese environmental criminal legislation should switch moderately from the standard of result to normative standard.As a result,the criminal law should properly adjust crime circle,construct bidirectional presumption of responsibility,reform and innovate the penal system,to fully realize the join between environmental criminal law and risk society.


In this paper,we provide a review of recent results in the design of distributed model predictive control(DMPC).DMPC not only inherits the advantage of model predictive control but also has characteristics of distributed control framework.We review the work on DMPC from two aspects:unconstrained DMPC and the design methods of stabilized DMPC with constraints.Finally,some proposed algorithms are illustrated through two industrial processes.


Summary Dry whole milk samples manufactured by the EURDD Dairy Products Laboratory, Washington, D. C., were scored by an Oregon State University trained panel, EURDD Dairy Products Laboratory, Washington, D. C., trained panel, EURDD Engineering and Development Laboratory, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, trained panel, and by an OSU preference panel of from 100 to 160 student judges. After preliminary testing of 63 samples by the DPL and OSU panels, two series of 50 samples each for a total of 100 samples were tested by all four panels, except the Wyndmoor panel, which tested only 96 samples. Two of the three trained panels used modifications of the American Dairy Science Association score-card for dry whole milk. The Oregon trained panel used a simple six-factor ballot. The student preference panel scored the samples on the nine-point hedonic scale. All data were statistically analyzed for correlation and regression coefficients. Results indicated that total scores from the trained panels could be used as a basis for a scoring system which would predict consumer preference scores. The trained panels' scores for individual scoring factors, i.e., cooked, oxidized, stale, astringent flavors, did not satisfactorily predict preference scores, but could be used as an indication of possible flavor defects in dry whole milk samples.


PURPOSE: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic infl ammatory skin disease that affects regions rich in apocrine sweat glands. The disease is typically nonresponsive to a range of medical therapy, and the mainstay of treatment remains surgical excision. There is a lack of standard treatment guidelines in approaching these patients. We present herein our own experience with this disease, including preoperative, operative, and postoperative management. We also present a new treatment algorithm for approach to the patient with severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).


According to the back cover, this book introduces the Access to Knowledge movement, which aims to create more equitable public access to the products of human culture and learning.


• Congress granted for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) access to federal financial aid through the 1972 Education Amendments. • The arguments used to justify this change assume that higher education is just like any other consumer good. • FPCU officials argued that overregulation of for-profit education discriminates against non-traditional students, stifles innovation, and relieves students of their responsibility for investing wisely in education. • Today, Secretary DeVos uses these same arguments to roll back Obama-era reforms designed to protect students from fraudulent schools. In a 2017 speech at the Brookings Institute, Education Secretary Betsy DeVos drew a striking comparison between K–12 schools and ride share services. She stated:


PURPOSE: A flash irradiation type heat treatment apparatus and method are provided to prevent the damage of a semiconductor wafer regardless of rapid thermal-expansion of a wafer surface by lifting the wafer up from a susceptor using a lifting unit. CONSTITUTION: A heat treatment apparatus is used for heating a substrate(W) by irradiating a flash on the substrate. The heat treatment apparatus includes a light source(5) with a flash lamp, a chamber(65) under the light source, a susceptor(73) in the chamber, and a lifting unit. The lifting unit lifts the substrate up from the susceptor before the flash is irradiated from the light source, so that a gas layer exists between the substrate and the susceptor.


A mathematical model of the information system (IS) for monitoring the state of objects that may be exposed to extreme influences has been built. The system consists of n devices that work independently of each other. To construct the specified information system, which has the minimum permissible reliability of event recognition, a class of structures of the type «k with n» is considered.
Formulas for determining the probabilistic characteristics of n parallel reserved sensors for structures of the «k with n» type were derived; the probability of these events was calculated; and plots of their distribution were constructed. The peculiarity of the derived formulas is that they can be implemented on logical elements with which one can build a physical decision support device. The number of sensors and their corresponding probabilities of correct detection of fire at the given majority values of fire probability were also determined; the cost indicators of the information system were defined.
A method for improving the reliability of IS has been developed, based on the use of the optimal number of information sensor. The ratio of finding probabilistic states of IS for structures of the «k with n» type was obtained. Algorithms for calculating the probabilities of IS states, as well as an algorithm for determining the number of information sensors and the corresponding probabilities of fire detection, have been developed. The feature of these algorithms is that they make it possible to determine the optimal number of information sensors. An estimate of the effectiveness of IS indicators of the considered types of structures was found: the probability of correct detection, the probability of non-detection, and false alarm.
The reported results can be used to select the optimal structure for recognizing dangerous flight situations: choosing the number of sensors corresponding to the high probability of correct detection and the minimum probabilities of non-detection and false alarms, taking into consideration the cost of sensors.


Our hope is that knowledge gained from this experiment will eventually lead to a higher passing rate among our first-year students. We feel that this goal may be achieved through a greater understanding of mathematical concepts, more exposure to applications, and greater emphasis on verbal and written communication. By upgrading our course on computer-aided mathematics (both problem-solving and algebraic computation) via the introduction of more involved and meaningful assignments, more extensive instruction, and greater emphasis on presentation of results, we hope that the computer part of our curriculum will be more profitable for the students.


This paper presents a parameter estimation method for the lifetime distribution of the Meta-Action Unit (MAU) with uncertainty failure modes under type-I censored data. The MAU is regarded as the basic functional unit to accomplish the function of mechanical equipment, and its failure modes are classified according to the abnormal kinematic parameters in Meta-Action (MA), which are more succinct than the traditional mechanical failure modes on parts. However, there is some uncertain information about the failure data and censored data of MAU because of the technology limitations and the space accessibility constraints for monitoring the kinematic parameters of MA, which uncertainty information can impact the parameter estimates of MAU lifetime distribution. In order to avoid the impacts on the estimating accuracy of distribution parameters, the evidential likelihood function based on the belief function theory is constructed in view of the credibility level of the failure data and censored data. In addition, the Evidential Expectation Maximization (E2M) algorithm is proposed to estimate the parameters of the mixed exponential distribution of MAU lifetime under type-I censored data. Finally, an application of an Automatic Pallet Changer (APC) is used to illustrate the validity of the MAU failure modes classification. The simulations of the E2M algorithm are conducted to show that the proposed parameters estimation method can integrate uncertain information in the failure data and the censored data, and obtain more stable results than those based on the conventional Expectation-Maximization (EM).


The ternary MoBi2S5 and quaternary MoBiInS5 thin films were successfully synthesized by self organized APT at relatively low temperature. The tuning in band gap from 1.0 eV to 1.5 eV is due to the quantum size effect. This is beneficial for solar cell applications. XRD of MoxBi(3-x)S5 ternary thin film confirms the nanocrystlline nature but its crystallinity increases with [In]/[Bi] molar ratio in MoBi(2-x)InxS5 thin films. EDS and XPS studies showed good agreement in experimental and theoretical composition of APT grown thin films. Annealing and surfactant-assisted process is effective for improved in the optostructural, morphological and electrical properties of ternary and quaternary thin films. PEC cell performance is studied for both ternary MoxBi(3-x)S5 and quaternary MoBi(2-x)InxS5 thin film photoelectrode. It is seen that MoBiInS5 photoelectrode shows better conversion efficiency (η~0.34 %). The PEC performance enhanced by addition of surfactants and also improved by annealing. It is found that the annealed MoBiInS5 -473 thin film displays maximum power conversion efficiency (η) 0.49 %.


Abstract We developed new phenolic enhancers of chemiluminescence in the luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase reaction. We designed, synthesized, and tested three series of phenolic enhancers as follows: 1) hydroxybenzylidene-cyclopentenediones (KIH-201, KIH-203, TX-1123, and TX-1124), 2) 4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitriles (TX-825, TX-1121, TX-1122, TX-1840 and SF-6847), and 3) 2, 4-dichlorophenol derivative (TX-816). Luminescence measurements were performed with a new high-performance luminometer, which have a superior photon counting system (gate time: 10–100 ms) and an automatic injector (variable range: 10–190 μA). We found that the arylidene-cyclopentenedione KIH-201 [2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-cyclo-pentene -1,3-dione] was an effective enhancer similar to that of p-iodophenol, known as the most strong enhancer of this chemiluminescent system. This KIH-201 will facilitate the luminol - hydrogen peroxide - horseradish peroxidase reaction to be sensitive chemiluminescence.


To identify risk factors for fractures in multi‐ethnic women, we studied 159,579 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. In general, risk factors for fractures were similar across ethnic groups. However, irrespective of their ethnicity, women with multiple risk factors have a high risk of fracture. Targeting these high‐risk women for screening and intervention could reduce fractures.


Arguably the most important task in iris recognition systems involves localization of the iris region of interest, a process known as iris segmentation. Research has found that segmentation results are a dominant factor that drives iris recognition matching performance. This work proposes techniques based on probabilistic intensity features and geometric features to arrive at scores indicating the success of both pupil and iris segmentation. The technique is fully automated and therefore requires no human supervision or manual evaluation. This work also presents a machine learning approach which utilizes the pupil and iris scores to arrive at an overall iris segmentation result prediction. We test the techniques using two iris segmentation algorithms of varying performance on two publicly available iris datasets. Our analysis shows that the approach is capable of arriving at segmentation scores suitable for predicting both the success and failure of pupil or iris segmentation. The proposed machine learning approach achieves an average classification accuracy of 98.45% across the four combinations of algorithms and datasets tested when predicting overall segmentation results. Finally, we present one potential application of the technique specific to iris match score performance and outline many other potential uses for the algorithm.


This article presents a proposal for mathematical activity developed in an interdisciplinary context for students in the sixth year of elementary school at a municipal school in the city of Uberlândia in the state of Minas Gerais. The activity supported an investigation that took place within the scope of the Professional Master's in Mathematics in the National Network PROFMAT and covered historical, geometric, artistic and legislative aspects of the flags: of Brazil, the State of Minas Gerais and municipality of Uberlândia. In particular, the geometric elements were explored with the GeoGebra software in the school's informatics laboratory. From this experience, there was a change in the students' behavior and in the receptivity of the mathematical contents explored. In addition, the involvement of teachers from other areas contributed to a better understanding of students about the flags and related aspects.


Only 5% of Medicaid-enrolled Americans account for 50% of total Medicaid spending, and the top 1% account for almost 25% of spending, according to a new study from the Government Accountability Office.


The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions of Ba(Re1/2Nb1/2)O3; Re ≡ Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy ceramics, prepared using conventional high temperature solid-state reaction technique, were estimated using Rietveld analysis. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with space group Pm3m for all the compounds. The lattice parameter as well as unit cell volume are found to decrease with increasing tolerance factor.


DERMATOMYOSITIS is a Sufficiently rare condition to justify the recording of a single case. Interest is added by the fact that the case is the second to be reported from the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital within recent months. The first case report came from the Medical Unit of this hospital, and was incorporated in an article with a commentary and a summary of the literature by Dr. E. S. Stuckey, published in the British Journal of Denmtology and Syphilis, March, 1935. In this ease no post-mortem examination was permitted, but in the case now to be reported the patient died in hospital, so that we had the advantage of an autopsy. Unfortunately, we have not been able to add anything to the present scanty knowledge concerning the aetiology of the condition. Many of the reported cases began in a manner suggesting polyneuritis, and I am indebted to Dr. Utber, of Cooma, Xew South Wales, for a short note of the earlier history which illustrates that point in the jjresent case.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of S-1 alone in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods Thirty-three elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with S-1 capsule.The evaluation of efficacy and toxicity were performed on all patients after 2 cycles.Results Of the 33 patients,there was 1(3%) complete remission(CR),12(36.4%) partial remission(PR),6(18.2%) stable disease(SD).The total response rate was 39.4%.KPS improvement rate was 36.4%,the major toxicities were myelo suppression and gastrointestinal reaction.Conclusion S-1 capsule is safe and effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer,especially for patients old and frail.


Provided is a contactless power feeding device which feeds power using an electron induction phenomenon regarding a power receiving device (10). A first coil (L1) and a basic feeding unit circuit (4) are installed in every feeding area (AR). The first coil (L1) feeds secondary power to a second coil (L2) of the power receiving device in the corresponding power feeding area (AR) through the electron induction. The basic feeding unit circuit (4) excites the first coil of the corresponding power feeding area (AR). Also, the basic feeding unit circuit (4) transmits an oscillation signal (Φt) to the power receiving device from the corresponding power feeding area (AR) and receives a modulated wave signal (Φm) from the power receiving device which detects a modulated wave (MP) according to the change of a magnetic flux from the oscillation signal. The basic feeding unit circuit (4) detects the modulated wave signal and demodulates the modulated wave (MP). A system control unit (32) determines whether metal foreign substances exist in the feeding area (4) corresponding to the basic feeding unit circuit according to the modulated wave (MP) which is demodulated to the basic feeding unit circuit or not. [Reference numerals] (10) Power receiving circuit; (20) Modulation circuit; (31) Power circuit; (32) System control unit; (33) Non-volatile memory; (4) Basic power feed unit circuit; (Z) Load


Coaxial cables insulated with solid dielectric are used for transmitting electric energy over wide ranges of frequency. During the development of such cables it was important to be able to predict the characteristics of finished cable by calculations based upon the known dimensions and physical properties of the conductors and the insulation. Many comparatively simple formulas were known to be valid at high frequency, but their applicability at lower frequencies was questioned.


This article attempts to explore the portrayal of Nepali farmers in the Nepali dailies. It explores the situation of the agricultural landscape in Nepal and the picture of Nepali peasants painted by the Nepali dailies.
The revelation of the portrayal of farmers in Nepali broadsheet dailies is based on a thorough analysis of contents for the period of 16 days that appeared in three major 'national' broadsheet dailies published from the Capital city Kathmandu. The analysis of the news and opinion articles on agriculture and farmers reveals that merely 2.12 % of the total news was on agriculture while only 10 items were particularly about farmers and just seven portrayed farmers in a positive light. Compared against the 66 per cent of the population engaged in agriculture and its 28.2 % contribution to the economy, it's an injustice to farming and farmers.
The study shows that the number of items that showed concerns to the farmers' plight are so nascent that they would barely make any impact. The picture of agriculture as painted by the major broadsheets is gloomy, arduous, complex, and less profitable. The social attitude on farmers carried by the media is they are poor, sad, and neglected human beings living in a hope that someday they will be able to get the inputs with government subsidy. Nepali newspapers have solidified the image of farmers as dirty and living in poor houses waiting for some external support or intervention to rescue them, like the studies found in other societies.


In the title compound, C17H12Cl2N2O2, the dihedral angle formed between the dichlorobenzene and pyrazolyl rings is 38.3 (3)°, that between the phenyl and pyrazolyl rings is 46.8 (3)°, and that between the two benzene rings is 69.4 (3)°.


Abstract By use of average-Hamiltonian theory and invariant-trajectory approaches, a theorem is derived that relates cross relaxation and Hartmann-Hahn transfer during multiple-pulse sequences. The result is used to obtain an expression for the theoretical minimum of coherence transfer that must be accepted in ROESY experiments. Jump-symmetrized CW-ROESY sequences are proposed that approach optimal suppression of TOCSY transfer combined with excellent offset behavior of the effective cross-relaxation rate. The results are demonstrated using numerical simulations and experimental spectra of a disaccharide.


Under these conditions, a sub-peritoneal drain could be inserted to prevent stagnation of serum. In 1973, Sapan and Solberg have advised the same preventive measures as well as regard for aseptic technique. Against this background, with more and more gynaecologists choosing not to close the pelvic peritoneum both at abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy, it will be of interest to note whether the incidence of tubal prolapse will increase in the future. Achieving meticulous haemostasis will remain the mainstay in the prevention of tubal prolapse. The role of prophylactic intraoperative antibiotics will also need to be evaluated.