Profound racial and ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence and per-sistence of sexually transmitted infections, that can impact not only a woman's life-time wellness but also her offspring's prospects for a healthyandproductivelife.Ascendanceofspecificvaginalpathobionts to the placenta has been associated with newborn inflammation and changes in the placental epigenome creating a basis for further disparities in intellectual and physical performance later in life. In vitro modeling and clinical studies suggest that the mucosal homeostasis is orchestrated by the resident microbiota and complex host-microbe multi-taxa interactions including protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. We have demonstrated a human in vitro model and in women the role of protozoan-viral-bacterial symbiosis and parasite-viral-bacterial co-infections in altering key mediators of innate immunity, including cytokines, chemokines, and galectins. Deciphering the microbiome of the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis illustrated how multi-taxa interaction can affect both the parasite fitness and the vaginal Immunobiome equilibrium and it has contributed to the birth of the Parasite Microbiome Project. The microbiomes of other para-sites have been implicated in cancer and more broadly in human disease but have been less studied in modeling reproductive outcomes. We have recently provided clinical evidence that pre-existing aberrant immunity can predispose to vaginal dysbiosis and sexually transmitted infections. Moreover, specific combined patterns of cervical and sys-temic immunity precede and predict onset of viral sexually transmitted disease including HIV-1 and HSV-2. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding and learning to control modifiable factors and pathways preconditioning the mucosal immune barrier that make it vulnerable to vaginal microbiome dysregulation and persistent infections. Psychological stress, anxiety and depression are interlinked with microbiome changes and intrauterine epigenetic reprograming. Socioeconomic stressors and related exposures, behaviors and malnu-trition may contribute to reproductive and mucosal health disparities throughmicrobiome-conditionedpathwayssharedwithstress,anxiety ABSTRACT (SLPI), Beta-Defensin-2 (HBD2), Serpin A. In-vitro HIV inhibition was analyzed using TZM-bl indicator cells. Statistical analyses compared biomarker values in the FSW and control groups, using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (Prism 9.3.0). Results :WeobservedsignificantlylowerlevelsofchemokinesIL-8(p = 0.045),MIP3 α (p = < 0.0001),and MIP1 β (p = 0.015)in FSW compared to controls. There were also a trend toward lower levels of RANTES andIL1 β buthigherlevelsofElafininFSWcomparedtocontrols.When stratified by menstrual status, postmenopausal FSW had significantly lower concentrations of chemokines MIP3 α (p = 0.0079), IL-8 (p = 0.0317),andIP-10(p = 0.0476)comparedtopostmenopausalcontrols. Whereas, within the control group, there were significant changes in chemokines between pre and postmenopausal groups, no menopause-associated differences were observed in FSW. Conclusions : Our data indicates differential secretion of immune biomarkers in FSW, particularly in reduced chemokines compared to non-FSW controls, which have known anti-microbial and anti-HIV activity. Understanding of the genital immune microenvironment can helpinformfuturedecisionsregardingdevelopmentofHIVprevention and therapeutic options in the FSW population.


One of the worldview phenomena of modern Russia, which has a history that goes back to the Soviet past, is 2 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue


The new EW laboratory refiner gives papermakers a new level of furnish control through automated test sequences, which produce accurate, repeatable results. The laboratory refiner can also measure specific power consumption, and it offers the possibility of refiner optimisation through methods based on specific edge load and speed. The author compares results from the lab refiner with those from a PFI mill and an industrial disc refiner.


A theoretical study on electron collisions with SiF and SiF{sub 2} radicals in the low- and intermediate-energy range is reported. More specifically, calculated elastic differential, integral, and momentum transfer cross sections as well as total and total absorption cross sections are presented in the 1-1000-eV energy range. A complex optical potential is used to represent the electron-radical interaction dynamics, whereas the iterative Schwinger variational method combined with the distorted-wave approximation is used to solve the scattering equations. Comparison of the present results with the available theoretical and experimental results in the literature is made.


and <4% with distant metastases. However, our patient continues to have minimal disease burden with no symptoms even after 2 years. While 2-year survival data with metastatic NSCLC has not been widely published in literature, the mean survival has been found to be as low as 7 months even with modern treatment advancements. Anastomotic recurrences of CRC have been described sporadically, and have been hypothesized to occur due to inadequate margins, tumour implantation, altered biological properties at the anastomotic site or missed synchronous lesions. Our case is unique in describing a second primary malignancy that has metastasized to an anastomotic site. Had he not been lost to follow-up, our patient would have had a surveillance CT scan of his chest in 3 months to review the right lung nodule. This would have given us an earlier opportunity to instate definitive management of his primary lung cancer.


Modern machine learning methods highly depend on their hyper-parameter configurations for optimal performance. A widely used approach to selecting a configuration is using default settings, often proposed along with the publication of a new algorithm. Those default values are usually chosen in an ad-hoc manner to work on a wide variety of datasets. Different automatic hyperparameter configuration algorithms which select an optimal configuration per dataset have been proposed, but despite its importance, tuning is often skipped in applications because of additional run time, complexity, and experimental design questions. Instead, the learner is often applied in its defaults. This principled approach usually improves performance but adds additional algorithmic complexity and computational costs to the training procedure. We propose and study using a set of complementary default values, learned from a large database of prior empirical results as an alternative. Selecting an appropriate configuration on a new dataset then requires only a simple, efficient, and embarrassingly parallel search over this set. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach, we compare learned sets of configurations to random search and Bayesian optimization. We show that sets of defaults can improve performance while being easy to deploy in comparison to more complex methods.


The Ming and Qing Dynasties,especially the Late Ming Dynasty,witnessed the vigorous development of Chine Dietary Culture.This paper makes a summary and a study of the development of dishes,characteristics of dinner set,types of liquor and tea as well as their drinking customs,and the prosperity of food business.


The article deals with the main composition of the Abydos' elite during the Saite Period (664–525 B.C.). The aim of the article is to analyze the changes in Abydos' elite after the unification of Egypt under the rule of Psamtik I. The author analyzes the data from private inscriptions, mostly the lists of different positions of the monuments' owners. The vast majority of private stelae and statues belonged to local priests, associated with cults of the VIII (Thinite) nome of Upper Egypt. The data shows the existence of other sacerdotal ranks and titles that can be regarded as superior or inferior in the sacerdotal hierarchy. However, the exact position of the most common priestly titles cannot be determined due to the lack of data on their specific functions. A small part of private monuments, dating back to the reign of last Saite kings, preserved information about the non-priestly positions of their owners that held different military or administrative offices. The absence of data on any sacerdotal posts of these nobles can be explained by the gradual isolation of priesthood from other social groups of Ancient Egypt. The author suggests that this disproportion between priestly and civil offices reflects the development of the royal administration during the Saite Period. Due to Psamtik I' policy, local priests retained their power over their nomes in exchange for swearing their loyalty to the Saite king. The emergence of civil offices in private inscriptions of the VI century B.C. denotes the strengthening of royal power.


Water-level fluctuations are a major function of reservoirs that influence the littoral zone of the lake, and prove to be of high importance for the whole biological communities of lakes. Working on a French hydropower reservoir, we studied the influence of water-level fluctuations on intra-annual variations of littoral habitat availability and their consequences for the structure of fish assemblages inhabiting the littoral zone. As the water level decreased significantly, habitat conditions tended to be much more homogeneous. The proportion of sites with a thin substrate and low slope increased, while submerged vegetation and riparian shade disappeared. The relationship between habitat complexity and fish assemblage changed along the water-level gradient. The habitat effect on assemblage structure was strongest when the water-level conditions were high and very high, and weaker for low and very low water-level conditions. A homogenization of fish assemblages was observed when the water-level condition reached a threshold. These results suggest an effect of water-level management in structuring fish assemblages of the littoral zone of a reservoir due to a decrease of habitat complexity.


Subduction of seamounts and ridges along thinly sedimented convergent margins results in deformation of the overriding forearc. Exposures of newly recognized late Pleistocene, shallow water deposits (i.e., Marenco formation) record intervals of rapid subsidence and uplift across the Costa Rican forearc inboard of the subducting Cocos Ridge. In general, the Marenco formation is a fining upward, fossiliferious, late Pleistocene, marine sand disconformably overlying beveled surfaces cut across the competent Osa mélange basement. The ∼50 to 27 ka age of the Marenco formation is constrained by 12 accelerator mass spectrometry and two conventional 14C dates obtained on marine macrofossils. The deposition of this sequence coincident with a general fall in sea level during oxygen isotope stage 3 requires >6 mm yr−1 subsidence inboard of the northwest flank of the subducting Cocos Ridge. Presently, exposures of the Marenco formation are found at >75 m above sea level, requiring uplift rates in excess of 6 mm yr−1. We interpret the down and up history of vertical tectonism recorded by the Marenco formation as the response of the upper plate to variations in the elevation of the subducting Cocos Ridge. On the basis of a model where the upper plate deforms through bends because of roughness on a rigid downgoing plate, the rate, duration, and spatial distribution of vertical tectonism across the forearc are determined by the magnitude of the orthogonal component of the relative convergence vector and the bathymetry of the underthrusting plate. Application of this model to bathymetric data for the Cocos plate offshore yields a broad agreement between predicted future rates of subsidence and uplift and rates over the last 50 kyr recorded by the Marenco formation. Furthermore, analysis suggests that the arrival of the blunt‐tipped leading edge of the Cocos Ridge (0.5–3 Ma) resulted in an initial period of very rapid (∼30 mm yr−1) uplift.


A forward head posture (turtle neck posture) is becoming more common with the increasing popularity of smartphones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the craniovertebral angle, head position angle, pain threshold of the sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles, and presence of depression in heavy smartphone users compared to a control group. Twenty healthy students participated in the study. The participants were recruited from Sahmyook University and were divided into a heavy user group (n=10) and a control group (n=10) according to smartphone addiction proneness. Participants in both groups were assessed for their pain pressure threshold of the sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles, craniovertebral angle and head position angle, and depression. When comparing the results between the two groups, there were significant differences in the pain threshold of the sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles, head position angle, and depression (p<.05), but not in the craniovertebral angle. Based on the results, this study shows that heavy smartphone use may produce considerable stresses on the cervical spine, thus changing the cervical curve and pain threshold of the muscles around the neck. Smartphones could also cause negative effects on a person's psychological status, such as depression. Therefore, individuals should make an effort to look at their phones with a neutral spine and to avoid spending hours hunched over their screens each day.


The paper describes a pumping setting, which provides pumps functioning in partially clarified water. This pumping setting includes a device, which transmits water from the collector to the suction sump. For this purpose it is possible to use a pump, which increases the energy spent on water pumping. The energy loss is determined by the parameters of the pumping setting conditioned by the way, in which the setting is operating. The analysis of pumping setting parameters cross-coupling has allowed defining the values, which provide minimum energy loss.


The Encrypting and Zipping File System (EzFs) EzFs is a user-level pseudo file system that maps and exposes a local or remote physical folder as a virtual namespace via Universal naming Convention (UNC) or mapped drive letter to provide applications transparent file-level encryption and compression. An application I/O requests to files in the virtual namespace are tunneled to physical files in the underlying mapped physical folder. The physical files store application data in encrypted, compressed or clear format depending on the application request. EzFs manages the virtual name space as a transparent cache of the target folder and extends the functionality of the underlying target folder beyond the target volume capabilities. EzFs is able to provide transparent encryption of files via Windows NTFS Encrypting File System (EFS) functionality. Encryption is provided by bridging a local NTFS folder supporting Windows Encrypting File System (EFS) and a local or remote physical folder on a different media or computer. EzFs temporarily caches files in the local NTFS volume as encrypted files, extracts and writes the encrypted data raw blocks into the target files. The entire process of importing and exporting encrypted files from and to the local NTFS folder is totally transparent to applications. The EzFs file system bridging and data transformation technology enables it to extend Windows NTFS EFS feature to other file systems and storage platforms that don't necessarily support it e.g. FAT. This mechanism allows EzFs to provide encryption functionality independent of the volume or file system capabilities that hosts the actual file and enables mobility and transportability of Windows NTFS EFS encrypted files across machines and devices.


Theory is like a map describing a limited geographic area from a specific, functional perspective. Such a map helps the user understand at a glance the full dimension of the area being described, as well as determine the best plan or strategy for completing a stated project. Theory, by defining comprehensive issues in a meaningful way and iden tifying the right questions to ask in support of a particular objective, provides the same benefits for its user. Again similar to a map, theory is best evaluated by a set of realistic standards. I believe there are three standards that are appropriate: a reasonably accurate description of the reality for which it is being presented; a useful description of the factors important to the person needing to take action; and a consistently good outcome achieved by the competent user. Negotiation theorists appear to be deeply divided between proponents of competitive and problem-solving theories. Competitive theorists claim both a close approximation to the actual experience of negotiators and a general superiority of outcomes. Problem-solving theorists assert the pre scriptive superiority of their mode of conflict resolution in terms of out comes, although some profess that competitive theory describes reality more accurately. Many teachers-and most students-of negotiation are confused by the often polemical dialogue between opposing theorists. Adding to this confu sion is the lack of precision with which theorists and practitioners use the terms theory, strategy and style. Commentators representing separate disci plines have referred to many different negotiation theories and models: com petitive and coordinative (Pruitt, 1981 ); competitive and cooperative (Wil liams, 1983); adversarial and problem-solving (Menkel-Meadow, 1984); hard, soft and principled (Fisher and Ury, 1981); distributive and integrative (Raiffa, 1982); and functional and developmental models of negotiating behavior (Gulliver, 1979). Although these multiple references appear to sift naturally into the two competing camps that I am calling competitive and problem-solving, the con fusion remains. Are there really two competing theories that explain realities in the negotiation setting? Should there be just one? If there are two, do the strategies that each favors necessarily conflict? What behavioral characteris tics does each explain, and what are the downside risks that are hidden within each?


In this article, we propose the architecture of ordered access memory (OAM) device after examining the known methods of memory access, memory organization and related disadvantages. This memory device works with arrays of data and provides conflict-free parallel access. In this memory, data is identified by an index identifying column and row numbers of this data in the output data array. In the write mode, the indices are written to memory together with the data. In the read mode, the data are read from memory in an order specified by values of the assigned indices. This enables the disintegration of the data ordering apparatus and eliminates the need to store the addresses of the locations where the data are placed, as well as the need to submit the address to the address entries when writing and reading data. The approach to the design and use of this type of memory are described. The structural organization of the OAM device and its operation in the write mode and read mode are presented. Evaluation of the OAM device parameters and its comparison with other types of memory is performed. The OAM device was implemented in FPGA and the implementations results are explored.


New technologies and adaptations of those technologies are changing international economic standards and criteria for a competitive advantage in the world market–place. Many opportunities for investment exist, but countries must carefully evaluate current strengths and weaknesses, monitor trends and technological developments, and choose wisely where to invest their resources. This paper reviews the factors developing nations must consider when investing in new technologies and how to attract the location of manufacturing facilities in their countries. Highlights include: what makes up a competitive advantage, planning for technology transfer, researching customer needs and technological interface requirements, researching and monitoring technological developments, meeting world quality standards, the need for a skilled and educated workforce, and the importance of an efficient infrastructure.


Statins, also known as 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitors, and antidepressant drugs are frequently used in combination due to the high and growing incidence of cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders worldwide. Several aspects on management, the risk of adverse events (AEs) occurrence and the potential clinically relevant pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) between these two classes have not been well investigated. The aim of the present review was to describe the PK and PD interactions, of clinical relevance, between statins and antidepressant drugs and provide a comprehensive overview of their pharmacological features for appropriate multiple drug regimens.


Individual mechanosensory neurons in the leech segmental ganglia were eliminated in vivo by intracellular Pronase injection. 7-20 days later Lucifer Yellow was injected into mechanosensory neurons of the same modality in isolated ganglia. There was a clear evidence of retraction of neuronal processes. It is suggested that the leech nervous system structure is not necessarily fixed and can be changed after the death of individual neurons.


Intractable ethnopolitical conflicts emanate from the social, political, cultural, and economic marginalization of some community groups. To address these conflicts, the affected groups are often provided with life changing opportunities to enhance justice, equality, dignity and freedom. In the past, Northern Ireland has been a turbulent sea of violent conflict between Unionists and Nationalists. To address the underlying root causes of the conflict, economic aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI) and the European Union (EU) Peace II Fund is aimed at facilitating sustainable peacebuilding, reconciliation and community development. In this study, 95 community group leaders, civil servants, and community development officers in Derry, Belfast and the Border Area were interviewed to explore their perceptions about the impact of economic aid in terms of fairness of the application criteria, awareness of both funds, trust building and sustainability. The findings inform future conflict transformation interventions geared towards sustainable peacebuilding, reconciliation and community development in Northern Ireland. Introduction The ethnic conflict in Northern Ireland has deep roots dating back to the seventeenth century when British settlers occupied the Irish natives' land during the Ulster plantation (Bew, Patterson, and Gibbon 2002). The 1919 War of Independence and the resulting ongoing violence between Protestants (Unionists) and Catholics (Nationalists) intensified, leading to the Government of Ireland Act in 1920 that formalized the partition of the island Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 19, Number 1 5 into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State (Ryan 2007). The 1922 Special Powers Act gave the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) excessive powers to maintain law and order that led to the further marginalization and vulnerability of the Nationalist community (Dohonue 1998). A new turbulent wave of violence popularly known as the Troubles erupted in the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement agitated for equal access to resources and services such as education, jobs, housing and voting rights among others (Arthur 2000). The Troubles can be linked to the nature of zero sum territorialism in Northern Irish politics (Senehi 2008). The 1980 Hunger Strikes resulted in the escalation of the Provisional Irish Republican Army's (PIRAs) armed struggle. According to O'Leary and McGarry (1993, 2007) the Troubles led to the death of approximately 3,000 and injured more than 30,000 people. However, the declaration of reciprocal ceasefires by Republicans and Loyalists in 1994 saw the winding down of the Troubles and a reduction in violence culminating in the 1998 Belfast Agreement (BA). Despite the end of violent conflict, the social and economic impact of the Troubles was devastating (The Portland Trust, 2009). There is a high level of structural inequality in the social, political and economic sectors and unemployment is chronic and pervasive (Ibid). Catholic male unemployment is nearly three times greater than unemployment among Protestant males (Byrne and Irvin 2001). Further, between 1979 and 1988 employment in manufacturing fell by 40 percent (The Portland Trust 2009). Economic disparity was a source of deep resentment, mistrust and suspicion between Unionists and Nationalists. For example, Senehi (2008) asserts that historical injustices, stereotyping and destructive stories are deeply rooted in the world view of both groups and are passed transgenerationally. Civil wars are not only caused by ethnic hatred but also by social, economic and political marginalization (O'Dowd and McCall 2008). Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 19, Number 1 6 Moreover, Northern Ireland is described as consciously underdeveloped (Coakley and O' Dowd 2007), as inhabited by opposing forces of Unionists and Nationalists (McGarry and O' Leary 1995), characterized by deep rooted and complex conflicts (Arthur 2000), and resentful generations (Kaufman 2006) that are linked to the laborious, slow and grueling peace process (Gallagher 2007; McEvoy 2006). Northern Ireland's people are in need of new economic opportunities. According to Ho-Won Jeong (2005), economic aid is a means of addressing resource-based ethnopolitical conflicts. Economic aid can facilitate equality thereby helping to address historical injustices and structural violence and enhancing sustainable development. Economic aid is perceived by the international community as essential in addressing the emotional and symbolic roots of protracted conflicts by putting community grievances aside and focusing instead on the conditions that have perpetuated the conflict (The Portland Trust 2009). As Kaufman (2006) asserts, constructive community engagements can nurture fertile opportunities for peacebuilding. However, Byrne and Ayulo (1998) note that the goals of economic aid are not always compatible with conflict resolution. Reconciliation is not always directly proportional to the economic injection of external funds (Kaufman 2006; Kumar 1997; Ryan 2007; Mac Ginty 2008). Sustainable reconciliation depends on the building of meaningful relationships between opposing forces (Lederach 2006) and the introduction of social capital (McCall and O'Dowd 2008; O'Dowd and McCall 2008). Consequently, Byrne and Irvin (2001 describe how single identity funded projects can be a springboard toward the enhancement of meaningful social relationships. If the conflict-nurturing conditions are addressed, then cross-cultural conflict resolution projects can lead to sustainable peacebuilding (Byrne 2001) The IFI, the EU Peace 1 (1994-1999) and Peace II (2000-06) Funds were meant to reinforce progress towards a peaceful and stable society and to promote reconciliation by Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 19, Number 1 7 increasing economic development and employment, promoting urban and rural regeneration, developing cross-Border cooperation, and extending social economic inclusion (Buchanan 2008; Byrne 2001; McCall and O'Dowd 2008; Racioppi and Sullivan 2007). Byrne and Irvin (2001) also contend that economic aid is a vital bridge in transforming the Northern Ireland conflict because it enhances cross-community contacts and reduces social isolation that results from economic inequalities. Moreover, Jeong (2005) relates peaceful reconciliation to holistic or comprehensive peacebuilding strategies. External economic aid also enhances local networks and community homogeneity, balances structural inequalities, and relates sustainable peace to genuine reconciliation (Lederach 2006). Consequently, this article investigates the perceptions of 98 respondents in Belfast, Derry, and the Border Area about the extent to which the EU Peace II Fund and the IFI have promoted peacebuilding efforts. These images and perceptions are important in analyzing the impact of economic aid in trust building, creating awareness about both funds, and the sustainability of projects and funding application criteria. An overview of development aid, ethnopolitical conflicts, and peacebuilding and conflict transformation is now provided to build a platform for the analysis of our respondents' perceptions. Economic Aid, Ethnopolitical Conflicts, Peacebuilding and Conflict Transformation Ethnic violence can be traced to fear, rage, resentment and hatred, and justified as revenge for past injustices (Petersen 2002). Moreover, symbolism, rituals, collective and social memory and history also promote intractable conflicts (Horowitz 1985; Cairns and Roe 2003). Violence is justified as revenge for past injustices as well as for an ethnic group's political and economic exclusion. Social memories are immortalized through rituals and ceremonies (Arthur 2000). The fear of domination by the "other" draws groups into violent conflicts in a bid to preserve their identity. Ethnic hatred and animosity among long-time neighbours can be traced to stories, myths and symbols of identity (Kaufman 2001). Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 19, Number 1 8 Education can also be important in reducing or erasing the negative effects of collective memories (Cairns and Roe 2003). A case in point is the integrated school movement in Northern Ireland where the school curriculum facilitates gradual peacebuilding and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that addressed bitter memories through forgiveness or Ubuntu (Ibid). Hence, dealing with memory is complex and requires patience, the building of trust, confidence, tolerance and social integration of the once marginalized and vulnerable groups (Arthur 2000). The Rwandan example demonstrates that ethnic conflicts can also be linked to colonial history, ethnonationalism, polarization and political realignments that culminated in the 1994 genocide (Mamdani 2001). Sustainable peace should address the root causes of these political and ethnic polarizations. Intractable conflict can also be linked to polarization between the centre and the periphery (Galtung 1971). In such a case violent conflict becomes an avenue for the marginalized to fight for justice and equality. Similarly, the human needs approach indicates that conflicts arise due to unmet basic human needs (Burton 1997). Social institutions should be restructured to facilitate effective and equitable service delivery to mitigate such conflicts (Lederach 2006). The greed and grievance approach relates protracted ethnic conflict to the war economy in which the elites sustain war for profit (Berdal and Malone 2000). Economic motives that nurture intractable ethnic conflicts should be addressed to facilitate sustainable peace. Home-grown approaches rather than unilateral western models can address intractable conflicts in communities (Argenti-Pillen 2003; Mac Ginty 2008). Peacebuilding is an art and a skill that is learned and can be achieved through our own creativity so that moral imaginations can be devised to facilitate peacebuilding in


Temporal Dynamics of Scan Patterns in Comprehension and Production Moreno I. Coco (email@example.com) and Frank Keller (firstname.lastname@example.com) Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK Abstract Speakers and listeners in a dialogue establish mutual under- standing by coordinating their linguistic responses. When a visual scene is present, scan patterns on that scene are also coordinated. However, it is an open question which linguis- tic and scene factors affect coordination. In this paper, we in- vestigate the coordination of scan patterns during the compre- hension and generation of scene descriptions. We manipulate the animacy of the subject and the number of visual referents associated with it. By using Cross Recurrence Analysis, we demonstrate that coordination emerges only during linguistic processing, and that it is especially pronounced for inanimate unambiguous subjects. When the subject is referentially am- biguous (more than one visual object associated with it), scan pattern variability increases to the extent that the animacy ef- fect is neutralized. Keywords: Scan patterns, situated language processing, cog- nitive dynamics, coordination Introduction When language is comprehended or produced in a visual context, information about fixated objects has to be inte- grated with the linguistic information that is concurrently processed (e.g., Spivey-Knowlton et al. 2002); this integra- tion requires visual attention and sentence processing to be synchronized temporally (e.g., Zelinsky and Murphy 2000). Language comprehension and language production, however, differ in their temporal interaction with visual attention. In a comprehension task, visual attention is guided by linguistic information, and its main role is to anticipate which objects the speech could refer to next (e.g., Altmann and Kamide 1999). In a production task, instead, visual attention plays an active role in deciding which objects in the scene should be mentioned in a sentence (e.g., Griffin and Bock 2000). The relation between comprehension and production has been investigated mainly in the context of dialogue. A promi- nent account of how comprehension and production relate to each other is the interactive alignment model (Pickering and Garrod, 2007); which assumes that successful dialogue leads to aligned representations at every linguistic level, and that this alignment is supported by priming, i.e., the reuse of lin- guistic material. Importantly, this process of alignment in dialogue has been observed to go beyond aligned linguistic representations; it also includes the gaze coordination of dialogue partners. Richardson et al. (2007) showed that the scan patterns of lis- teners and speakers engaged in a dialogue about six charac- ters are coordinated. This coordination is subject to a char- acteristic temporal lag, with the same character being fixated consistently later by listeners than by speakers. This confirms that visual responses during comprehension are launched af- ter the linguistic material is understood; whereas in produc- tion, visual responses are launched prior or during sentence generation. These results strongly suggest the existence of alignment mechanisms that underlie the coordination of comprehension and production processes. However, especially with respect to the evidence for gaze coordination, it is unclear what the role og visual and linguistic information is, and whether the characteristic lag underlying gaze coordination depends on such information. In Richardson et al. (2007), in fact, the visual informa- tion available to the participants is not naturalistically situated (i.e., six portait pictures of characters from TV serials), and the linguistic information used by the speaker to guide the listener, besides referring to a depicted character, does not ac- tively interact with it. As a result of this, the gaze coordination obtained in the dialogue is achieved through a shallow pro- cess of character identification: the speaker is talking about X and the listener looks at X with a constant delay. In this paper, we present a study in which we explicitly inves- tigate how linguistic and visual information interact to pro- duce coordinated scan patterns. We explore coordination at different levels of granularity, from the macro-level of the whole trial down to the level of individual objects. Moreover, we test how coordination is influenced by the visual and lin- guistic referential information shared in comprehension and production, focusing on the animacy of the subject of the sen- tence, shown to influence both linguistic and visual responses (Coco and Keller, 2010), and the number of targets (visual referents associated with the subject). Our main hypothesis is that the characteristic lag under- lying the scan pattern coordination between comprehension and production emerges only when sentence processing is ac- tively involved, and that it is directly influenced by the proper- ties of the visual and linguistic information being processed. In particular, scan patterns are expected to show less coordi- nation on a single animate target, as the associated informa- tion spans a wider range of contextual possibilities. In con- trast, the low linguistic relevance of an inanimate target, and the referential ambiguity of multiple targets should force par- ticipants to depend more strongly on contextual scene infor- mation, thus triggering a higher degree of coordination. Experiment Our study aims to explore the role of referential factors in the temporal dynamics of scan pattern coordination between lan- guage comprehension and production during the description


Integrons were only formally identified as agents of antibiotic resistance gene recruitment in the late 1980s following the observation that transposons and R-plasmids expressing different antibiotic resistance phenotypes shared the same genetic backbone and differed only in the resistance genes they harbored. Integrons can be divided into two distinct subsets, the mobile integrons (MIs), linked to mobile DNA elements and primarily involved in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes, and the superintegrons (SIs). Integrons are undoubtedly ancient entities, as indicated by the species-specific clustering of the respective SI integrase genes in a pattern that adheres, in several cases, to the line of descent among the bacterial species in which they are located. Thus, the establishment of SIs likely predates speciation within the respective genera, indicating that integrons are ancient structures that have been impacting on the evolution of bacterial genomes for hundreds of millions of years. The determination of the diverse number of metabolic activities associated with SI cassettes (other than antibiotic resistance and virulence) indicates that integrons operate as a general gene capture system in bacterial adaptation. Integrases encoded by integrons mediate recombination involving two types of sites-their specific attI site and the cassette-associated attC site-and are able to recombine distantly related DNA sequences. With the discovery of SIs, and of the thousands of gene cassettes associated with integrons that are located in the genomes of environmental bacterial species, the importance of these elements clearly extends beyond the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance.


Summary A 48‐year‐old man presented with a history of recurrent erylhematous lesions on the trunk and limbs. Examination suggested a fixed drug eruption and this was confirmed by oral challenge with paracetamol. The histology was unusual as it showed a teucocytoclastic vasculitis. Patients may have difficulty avoiding the offending drug because many drugs bought over the counter have similar names but different constituents. In addition, it may be difficult lo persuade the patient that a specific drug is responsible for their skin problem.


The middle tower of Taizhou Bridge consists of deep-water caisson foundation and steel tower with herringbone shape along the longitudinal direction.The construction is complex.Based on previous study,using the technology of up-stream and down-stream anchor pier positioning and the system of information real-time monitoring ensures position and implantation.Meanwhile,control measure is used to prevent caisson sinking suddenly and extra-sinking in final stage.Erection accuracy of steel tower is very high,but adjusted segments are few.During the construction,the structure system changes frequently.To the feature,the method of whole process control based on geometric control is used in the project,which analyzed the error of manufacturing segment,linear of pre-assembled segment and erection,and accuracy management system is established uniformly.The final accuracy of erection is better than that designed.Many innovative technologies are obtained in this project,and the key technologies about construction of deep-water caisson,manufacturing and erection of steel tower are formed,which can be referred for other similar projects in the future.


In the study of Graph theory, there are eight orientations of the complete graph on three vertices with a pendant edge, K 3 ∪ { e }. Two of these are the 3-circuit with a pendant arc and the other six are transitive triples with a pendant arc. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for decompositions, packings, and coverings of the complete digraph with the two 3-circuit with a pendant arc orientations.


Abstract Hot-gas desulfurization for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process has been investigated to effectively remove hydrogen sulfide with various metal oxide sorbents at high temperatures and pressures. Metal oxide sorbents such as zinc titanate oxide, zinc ferrite oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, and calcium oxide were found to be promising sorbents in comparison with other removal methods such as membrane separation and reactive membrane separation. The removal reaction of H2S from coal gas mixtures with zinc titanate oxide sorbents was conducted in a batch reactor. The main objectives of this research are to formulate promising metal oxide sorbents for removal of hydrogen sulfide from coal gas mixtures, to compare reactivity of a formulated sorbent with a sorbent supplied by the Research Triangle Institute at high temperatures and pressures, and to determine effects of concentrations of moisture contained in coal gas mixtures, and to determine effects of concentrations of mo...


Preface The 5th international workshop Compact Stars in the QCD phase diagram (CSQCD V) was held, during May 23rd – 27th 2016, at the Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) in L'Aquila and at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories (LNGS) of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Assergi (L'Aquila). This series of meetings started in 2001 in Copenhagen (Denmark), and then continued in 2009 in Beijing (China), 2012 in Guaruja (Brazil) and 2014 in Prerow (Germany). The CSQCD workshops aim to bring together physicists working on strongly interacting dense matter with astrophysicists working on Compact Stars and related astrophysical phenomena as supernovae, gamma ray bursts and pulsars. A profound theoretical description of these astrophysical phenomena necessarily involves the equation of state and transport properties of QCD matter that are derived from nonperturbative quantum field theories, many-body physics of strongly interacting matter and phenomenological investigations. The CSQCD V workshop has covered recent developments in the following main topics: • Equation of state and QCD phase transitions • QCD in astrophysics of compact stellar objects, supernovae and compact stars mergers • Strangeness in Compact Stars • Strange Stars • Nonequilibrium and transport phenomena in dense matter In addition, given that the LNGS is one of the world leading laboratories on neutrino physics, special attention has been given to neutrino emission from supernovae and their possible detection in underground detectors, as well as related topics in neutrino physics. A series of seminars by local researchers about ongoing underground experiments at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories have been presented on these topics. The present volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series represents contributions from the participants of the CSQCD V workshop and of the Working Group 2 Meeting of COST Action MP1304, NewCompStar. We deeply thank the authors for their high-level contributions and we are convinced that this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series will be of great interest for our community. Each submitted contribution has been peer reviewed and the Editors are very grateful to the referees for their careful support. The Editors of the CSQCD V Proceedings Massimo Mannarelli (LNGS, INFN) Ignazio Bombaci (Università di Pisa) L'Aquila, 16th of May 2017


It is a method for evaluating the cosmetic and / or nutritional cosmetic and / or suitability of set of skin care products to individuals. This method, in order to confirm the presence or absence of a single nucleotide polymorphism at a position of a single nucleotide set of predetermined, comprising the step of testing a sample of genetic material of the individual. One or more weights of the respective positions, the presence or absence of a single nucleotide polymorphism at that position, and are identified in accordance with the weighting of a single nucleotide position used to measure the product scores for each of the products, score shows the suitability of the product for individuals. .The


Sourcing CRM services on the Web via application service providers (ASP) is a key business tactics for reducing the total ownership costs and implementation risks linked to "big bang" CRM implementations. To deliver CRM through the ASP model it is imperative to have a detailed map of the business process and implementation framework underpinning the delivered service. This paper contributes to the e-CRM implementation landscape by providing a detailed account of the business process design and implementation support for a customer segmentation e-service aimed at supporting a best of breed and piecemeal approach to CRM sourcing.


During the millennium which followed the introduction of mathematics and astronomy from Indian, Sasanian and Hellenistic sources to the vigorous cultural scene of Abbasid Iraq in the eighth and ninth centuries, Muslim scientists compiled a remarkably rich and varied corpus of literature relating to their subject. Some of this literature survives in the manuscript libraries of the Near East, Europe and the United States, and a very small number of scholars have turned their attention to a small fraction of this material during the past 200 years. Catalogs of varying quality exist for some of these libraries, but there are many important collections which are not yet cataloged at all. Valuable lists of authors, titles and available manuscripts have been prepared by H. Suter, C. Brockelmann, C. A. Storey and, most recently, by F. Sezgin.


Aim: This study sought to determine breast arterial calcification (BAC) prevalence in a primary care setting and its potential use in guiding further cardiovascular workup. Materials & methods: A radiologist reviewed 282 consecutive mammograms. Characteristics of BAC-positive and negative women were compared. Results: BAC prevalence was 34%. BAC-positive women were older (mean age: 60 vs 52, p < 0.001), had higher mean 10-year cardiac risk (11 vs 6%, p < 0.001), more hypertension (65 vs 40%, p < 0.001) and coronary artery disease (10 vs 2%, p = 0.0041), statin (50 vs 32%, p = 0.006) and aspirin use (28 vs 16%, p = 0.012). Thirty-seven percent (33/96) of BAC-positive women could potentially benefit from further cardiac testing. Conclusion: Mammography identifies BAC-positive women with low traditionally assessed cardiovascular risk who might benefit from further cardiovascular workup.


To discuss the effects of stand factors on the distribution pattern of the vegetation in the eucalyptus stand. Examining on the trees, the vegetable biomass mainly distributes in 0~10D from the sample tree about 66.16%. Bifoliate herbaceous and brush distributes outside of the sample tree center, their transformation point of inflection is in 12D~15D. There are more vegetables in Leilin-1# than in other stands. Forest soil types affect sharply on brush diversity.


Nigeria recently announced a new gas policy that prioritises domestic demand over LNG exports and transforms the country's joint ventures with international oil companies into corporations that will raise funds on the capital markets, writes Gordon Feller. Further announcements are expected to be made on the reform of the country's oil sector, including changes to the national oil company.


We introduce a signless Laplacian for the distance matrix of a connected graph, called the distance signless Laplacian. We study the distance signless Laplacian spectrum of a connected graph. We show the equivalence between the distance signless Laplacian, distance Laplacian and the distance spectra for the class of transmission regular graphs. We also establish a relationship between the smallest eigenvalue of the distance signless Laplacian of a connected graph G and the existence of a bipartite component in the complement G.


A dithienylethene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene-Ru(II) complex was synthesized and found to undergo a reversible photoisomerization which influenced its intrinsic catalytic activity. UV-induced ring-closure enhanced the rate of ring-closing metathesis reactions (kclosed/kopened = 1.4–1.7) and attenuated the rate of ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (kclosed/kopened = 0.56–0.66). Visible light irradiation promoted cycloreversion and restored the initial activity. The ability to switch between the isomeric states of the catalyst was also utilized to modulate the rate of ongoing olefin metathesis reactions via photoirradiation. A computational investigation revealed how steric and electronic effects separately influence the transition states adopted by each form of the catalyst and afforded activation energies that were in agreement with the relative reaction rate constants determined by experiment.


Alloxan inhibited pancreatic B-cell and liver glucokinase with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 5 ,uM. Dialuric acid in solution at neutral pH autoxidizes immediately to yield alloxan and through this mechanism also inhibited glucokinase with a half maximal inhibitory concentration above 20 ,uM. When alloxan was reduced to dialuric acid and when autoxidation of dialuric acid was prevented in the presence of dithiothreitol (l,4-DTT), glucokinase was not inhibited. Alloxantin inhibited glucokinase with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 3-4 ,uM by virtue of its ability of yield alloxan and dialuric acid through spontaneous dissociation in solution. z'-Butylhydroperoxide (BuOOH), a stable analogue of hydrogen peroxide, was only a weak inhibitor of glucokinase with a half maximal inhibitory concentration above 500 ,LtM. Glucose protected glucokinase and 1,4-DTT and some other dithiols with intermediate spacing between the two SH groups reversed the inhibition of glucokinase induced by alloxan, dialuric acid and alloxantin. The inhibition induced by BuOOH was reversed by all dithiols irrespective of the spacing between the SH groups. Hexokinase was about 100 times less sensitive than glucokinase to inhibition by alloxan, dialuric acid and alloxantin but not by BuOOH. Thus the 5-cabonyl group of alloxan is essential for glucokinase inhibition. By virtue of its high reactivity alloxan inhibits glucokinase through oxidation of functionally relevant SH groups in its sugar binding site. Reduction products like dialuric acid and other products of alloxan metabolism such as hydrogen peroxide, which finally yield cytotoxic free radicals, are apparently not involved in the glucokinase inhibitory action of alloxan. The pancreatic B-cell necrosis induced by the diabetogenic agent alloxan may result from the formation of free radicals (7). These can be formed in a cyclic reaction between alloxan and its reduction product dialuric acid involving the intermediate formation of the alloxan radical (3, 21, 25, 26). This alloxan radical gives rise to the generation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide (H202) through reaction with oxygen and superoxide radical, respectively. Under suitable conditions hydroxyl radical is formed from H202 which is thought to be the ultimately responsible 'active oxygen' species for cytotoxicity (4, 5, 7, 22). Dialuric acid spontaneously autoxidizes in solution to yield alloxan (21). Alloxan is not spontaneously reduced and therefore requires as a prerequisite for entering a redox cycle at least the reduction of some molecules to yield dialuric acid through primary interaction with a tissue thiol. A protein particularly sensitive to such an interaction is the pancreatic B-cell glucokinase, which is inhibited by alloxan through oxidation of SH groups in its sugar binding site. This low affinity glucose phosphorylating enzyme in the pancreatic B-cell (14, 17, 20) plays a central role as the so-called signal recognition enzyme for initiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion (8, 9) via an increased signal generating


This study was designed to determine indicators for an objective evaluation of kinematic abnormalities in cerebral palsy. The analysis included 30 healthy children (with a mean age of 4.8 years) and 21 cerebral palsy children (mean age, 5.3 years). Spastic type of CP was observed in 11 (diplagia: 8, quadplagia: 3) of the 21 children, and athetosis type or athetosis with spasticity (mixed type) was observed in the remaining 10 (quadplagia:10). By using cluster analysis, kinematic patterns of the children's rolling over behavior were divided into three types (A, B, and C). The patterns in 19 of the 21 children with cerebral palsy were divided into Type B or C. In Type A, the necks and legs were in flexion when both the scapulas and pelvis were elevated from the floor. The phenomena were considered to be the characteristics of rolling over in healthy children. In Type B, the necks and ankles were in extension and plantar flexion; these traits were considered to be the distinctive kinematic patterns of cerebral palsy. In Type C, rolling over of the upper body preceded extension of the neck, plantar flexion of the ankles, and extension of the legs. These phenomena were also considered to be the characteristics of cerebral palsy.


This paper proposed an improvement method about at present based on the multi-platform patch distribution system in patch management service existence question at present,through establishes a special inspection mechanism to examine the situation of the patch installed,each patch has been established set of characteristic classes,and through this characteristic category inspect the patch whether installed,besides guaranteed distributes from the main distribution server to sub server,then the client may examine the document which choose needs to install. Thus improved the strategy of distribution control,moreover,enhanced the distribution efficiency.


Being a key technology for beyond fifth-generation wireless systems, joint communication and radar sensing (JCAS) utilizes the reflections of communication signals to detect foreign objects and deliver situational awareness. A cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is uniquely suited to form a mobile bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with its serving base station (BS) to sense over large areas with superb sensing resolutions at no additional requirement of spectrum. This paper designs this novel BS-UAV bistatic SAR platform, and optimizes the flight path of the UAV to minimize its propulsion energy and guarantee the required sensing resolutions on a series of interesting landmarks. A new trajectory planning algorithm is developed to convexify the propulsion energy and resolution requirements by using successive convex approximation and block coordinate descent. Effective trajectories are obtained with a polynomial complexity. Extensive simulations reveal that the proposed trajectory planning algorithm outperforms significantly its alternative that minimizes the flight distance of cellular-aided sensing missions in terms of energy efficiency and effective consumption fluctuation. The energy saving offered by the proposed algorithm can be as significant as 55%.


The concepts of k -measures and signed k -mea-sures (nonadditive measures) defined on effect algebras are introduced and investigated in this paper. A few examples of k -measures and signed k -measures are also given. Moreover, the Jordan decomposition theorem for signed k - measures defined on effect algebras is also presented.


The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical properties and compositions of substrates formulated with sewage sludge in different combinations. The substrates were produced using organic waste and vermiculite, in order to obtain an adequate growth medium for the forest seedling. An analysis was made of the total and the available nutrient content on the 26 substrates, made with sewage sludge and vermiculite and waste from coconut fiber, in natura coffee straw, organic compost, carbonized rice husk and in natura rice husk, using the following ratios: 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80 (sewage sludge:material), and also a control consisting of commercial substrate. The commercial substrate provided the highest means for available levels of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The sewage sludge provided an increase of fertility of the substrates, with increased nutrient levels, mainly phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium. The substrates formulated with sewage sludge and organic compost, regardless of their ratios, were considered the most adequate for the production of seedling of forest species.


An expansion apparatus has been used to measure the density of liquid 2,3-dimethylbutane, from 208 to 298 K and pressures up to 110 MPa. The experimcntal results have been used to calculate the isothermal compressibitity and thermal expansion coefficient in the compressed-liquid region. Especially interesting is the behavior shown by the thermal expansion coefficient at high pressures, presenting an intersection of the isotherms at a single point. The results are compared and discussed with others from literature


In this article, the author defines the formation of the information society and the information space, the role of information and information and communication technologies. It analyzes the information security of the Russian Federation and how to ensure it. The influence of information security on the national security of the state and its stable development is studied. The relevance of ensuring information security and the mutual attempts of its effective implementation between states are analyzed.


CDK2 is one of the most important members of Cyclin-dependent kinases. It is a
critical modulator of various oncogenic signaling pathways, and its activity is
vital for loss of proliferative control
during oncogenesis. This work has focused on developing a pharmacophore model
for CDK2 inhibitors by using a dataset of known inhibitors as a
pre-filter throughout the virtual screening and docking process. Consequently,
the best pharmacophore model was made of one hydrogen bond acceptor, and two
aromatic ring features with a high correlation value of 0.906. The validation findings
proved out that the selected model can be used as a filter to screen new
molecules like Enamine kinase hinge region directed library against CDK2.
As a result, 69 hits were subjected to molecular docking studies. Eventually,
three compounds (5909, 701 and 8397) scored good interaction
energy values and strong molecular interactions. Hence, they were identified as
leads for novel CDK2 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.


Delivering high quality audio over the error prone wireless networks has to address many challenges. Some of these challenges include reducing the packetization overhead of small audio frames as well as protecting audio content against both bit errors introduced by wireless channels and packet erasures introduced by network buffering. We propose a statistical optimization framework for transmitting audio sequences over wireless MIMO channels. Our proposed framework protects audio frames against both temporally correlated random bit errors introduced by a fading channel and packet erasures caused by network buffering. The framework forms a two-dimensional grid of symbols Fig. 1 and forms horizontal packets that are compensated only vertically against both types of errors. Our framework assigns parity bits according to the perceptual importance of frames such that the segmented SNR of a received audio sequence is maximized. In addition, the proposed framework suggests an effective way of reducing the packetization overhead of small audio frames.


Like Oxygen, the world is surrounded by data today. The quantity of data that we harvest and eat up is thriving aggressively in the digitized world. Increasing use of new innovations and social media generate vast amount of data that can earn splendid information if properly analyzed. This large dataset generally known as big data, do not fit in traditional databases because of its' rich size. Organizations need to manage and analyze big data for better decision making and outcomes. So, big data analytics is receiving a great deal of attention today. In healthcare, big data analytics has the possibility of advanced patient care and clinical decision support. In this paper, we review the background and the various methods of big data analytics in healthcare. This paper also elaborates various platforms and algorithms for big data analytics and discussion on its advantages and challenges. This survey winds up with a discussion of challenges and future directions.


Isozymes of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD, EC 18.104.22.168) from Chenopodium rubrum were separated using inverse discontinuous ammonium sulphate gradient solubilization. Leaves were extracted at the 9th h of light and the 9th h of darkness of a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. The ratio of "NADP-GPD I" to "NADP-GPD II" varied with the light/dark cycle. However, the "light" isozyme pattern could be obtained from "dark" plants by including NADP + or NAD + kinase in the extraction buffer. Similarly, the "dark" isozyme pattern was produced in "light" plants extracted in the presence of NAD+. Pyridine nucleotides had no effect on the separated, purified isozymes. It is concluded that differential binding of the isozymes at the moment of extraction to pelletable material in the crude extract determines the isozyme pattern, and that this binding is regulated by the pyridine nucleotide ratio.


Traditionally, it has been the practice to protect iron and steel surf aces from corrosion by the application of paint and to renew the paint film as required from time to time. Since cast‐iron water pipes were introduced 200 years ago it has become necessary to devise alternative methods of protection for buried pipes, as periodic renewal of the protective coating is not possible and a paint film will not in any case withstand normal soil conditions for any period.


Special education in Japan is intended for physically handicapped people. Japan is advanced in this field,a model for China to emulate.


There were 11 cases with hemorrhagic fever occurred in Aksakmaral area of Bachu County in 1965 and 8 cases were found in the next year. From April 1967 a large number of people came there for (reclaimation) of waste land but no cases occurred in this year neither in the natives nor in the strangers. In 1968 two native herdsmen suffered from hemorrhagic fever. In the winter of 1966 the weather of this area was inclemancy, the atmospheric temperature under-10℃ continued as long as one month. It might be the reason for no patient in the spring of 1967. The flood of Yerkan river came ahead of time and the volume of flood over (1 000) cubic meters per secound sustained for 19 days, about 80% of pastureland was inundated. There was no ticks in flooded plain where the strangers resided. The tick index on livestocks was less than 20 in the uninundated high ground. It indicated the influence of natural condition on the epidemics and the appearrence of two cases in 1968 showed this influence on the focus of hemorrhagic fever to be temporary


In the present context of medical science and technology advances, growing cultural diversity and the internationalisation of higher medical education, the problem of refresher training for Medical English teachers is becoming ever more relevant. The aim of the paper is to provide a scientific basis for creation of a relevant advanced training programme for Russian university teachers of Medical English. The results of the content-analysis of both national and international higher educational documents, a review of research, theory, and current foreign language teaching practice in Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (KrasSMU) and I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) allowed us to determine five principles that formed the basis for the design of a relevant advanced training programme for teachers of Medical English. Among the core principles of the programme development we suggested the principles of teacher's autonomy, professionalisation, problem-based training, innovation, and internationalisation. Within the scope of these principles, characteristics of the proposed novel approach to the organisation of professional development courses for Medical English teachers make this approach effective and relevant to the modern educational context. The proposed approach to an advanced training course design is based on the use of some novel professionally focused forms of communication between students, teachers, experts and clinicians. Our findings indicate that this approach is beneficial for modern teachers of Medical English.


Disponible via le sudoc Local Environment The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability Volume 14, Issue 2 February 2009 , pages 155 - 172 Authors: Katherine N. Irvine a;  Patrick Devine-Wright b;  Sarah R. Payne b;  Richard A. Fuller c;  Birgit Painter a; Kevin J. Gaston c Affiliations: a Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK b Manchester Architecture Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK c Biodiversity and Macroe...


Active peptides are special protein fragments which play an important part in the function.Inhibitory peptide on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE) is significant to blood pressure regulation and inhibit the activity of ACE.Chickpea separation protein is enzymed by alkaline protease to produce ACE inhibitory peptide.The effect of temperature,pH,time,and enzyme substrate ratio is investigated to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of chickpea separation protein through Box-Benhnken response surface analysis on the basis of single-factor experiments,and ACE inhibition percent is analysised. The optimal hydrolysis temperature,pH,time,and enzyme substrate ratio are indicated to be 50 ℃,8.0,4% and 4.0 h.Under these conditions,the predicted percentage is(59.01±0.58) %.


Given the limitation of optimization models of grid-connected wind capacity in dealing with randomness of wind power,a novel optimizing flexibility model based on the research on flexible analysis of power system is proposed,considering the influence of operation value of wind power.In this model,the randomness of wind power is expressed by introducing flexible parameters and quantified as a penalty cost into the operation value of wind power.By adopting the saddle node theory of Lagrange function,the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into two single-objective problems.The calculating results on IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate that the model reflects the randomness of wind power adequately,and the economic and security of planning are combined organically by adopting the proposed model.It enables a compromised decision-making between grid-connected wind capacity and operation value of wind power.


There are difficulties in detecting and separating rice prolamin polypeptides by 2D-PAGE analysis because prolamin polypeptides are insoluble, and the amino acid sequences show high homology among them. In this study, we improved the prolamin extraction method and the 2D-PAGE procedure, and succeeded in separating prolamin polypeptide species by 2D-PAGE and in identifying major prolamin polypeptide sequences.


Use of linear programming models has grown so extensively in recent years that the whole concept for organizing a computer code has undergone a radical change. It no longer is adequate merely to reduce a mathematical algorithm (i.e. the simplex method) to a computer code. An advanced code must cope with such a variety of situations that the respective computer subprograms must be organized into an integrated system.Emphasis in this paper is devoted to the underlying principles upon which future linear programming systems must be based. These viewpoints are influenced by the new demands that applications within the petroleum industry are placing on such systems. Some of the components of such a system are: translation of problem statement in terms of basic data to linear programming matrix coefficients, data transmission for direct computer entry, data file at the computer center, data processing and editing prior to solving the simplex algorithm, an efficient and reliable code for solving the above-mentioned algorithm, and flexible means for summarizing the results.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject composition which is free from the loss of volatile component at the time of blending with feed and is harmless to a human skin as well by covering a carrier absorbing a volatile and stimulus produce with coagulated protein fine grain. CONSTITUTION: First of all, after (A) the volatile product (e.g. thymol) and/or the stimulus product (e.g. capsaicine) are dissolved to (B) a first coagulant (desirably cresols and/or resorcin) consisting of replacement phenol, the solution is absorbed by (C) granular vegetable and/or organic carrier (sawdust, expansive silica, etc.). Successively, after an obtained lump is mixed with (D) the coagulated protein (e.g. casein), water is sprayed to the lump under the presence of (E) a second coagulant (e.g. tannin powder). Then, a solution obtained by dissolving the component A into the component B is absorbed to the component C and in order to reduce a free contact area, the component C is combined and covered with the component D to obtain the desired component. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is a most usually technique for medical image segmentation. But conventional FCM fails to perform well enough on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with the noise and intensity inhomogeneity (IIH). In the paper, we propose a Gamma correction conditional FCM algorithm with spatial information (GcsFCM) to solve this problem. Firstly, the pre-processing, Gamma correction, is introduced to enhance the details of images. Secondly, the spatial information is introduced to reduce the effect of noise. Then we introduce the effective neighborhood mechanism into the local space information to improve the robustness for the noise and inhomogeneity. And the mechanism describes the degree of participation in generating local membership values and building clusters. Finally, the adjustment mechanism and the spatial information are combined into the weighted membership function. Experimental results on four image volumes with noise and IIH indicate that the proposed GcsFCM algorithm is more effective and robust to noise and IIH than the FCM, sFCM and csFCM algorithms.


Objectives of this work are to experimentally analyse the dynamic impact of dry avalanches on structures and to examine the possibility of extending the results to debris flows; to identify structure efficiency in terms of extension and shape of the deposition area; to numerically validate the adequacy of shallow-water equations in reproducing the impact process and the maximum force on the obstacle; finally to propose an analytical expression for estimating the design force. Experiments were carried out on two dry sandy mixtures flowing down a steep chute and impacting on obstacles of different shape that reproduce check-dams, filter-dams, "houses" and flow-breakers. Effects of mixture composition, obstacle shape and orientation— with respect to mean flow direction—on force values and deposit extension were examined, showing that only check-dams can significantly reduce the kinetic energy and retain the flowing material. Numerical simulations were performed with a 1D code, based on shallow-water equations and the weighted average flux method, to represent forces on an infinite high obstacle (i.e., a wall) in time. Promising results allowed the use of a simple expression directly derived from momentum balance to compute the force exerted by the flow on the structure for given upstream flow depth and velocity. Limitations of the experiments in reproducing impact on defence works in real events are highlighted and suggestions for improving structural design are drawn.


The population distribution range is wide,the medical resources is mainly existed in big and middle-sized city,how to use the the medical resources reasonably,solve the problem of difficulty and expensive expense in searching for medical treatment,achieve effective transferring consultation,is a problem that we are facing.In the research we found: By advanced staff the transferring rate is high,speed is fast,the satisfaction rate of the patients and relatives is high;To those 100 cases who are suitable to transfer to the local hospital,by advanced study staff the success rate is 96%,transfer directly,the success rate is 65%.We can draw a conclusion that by advanced study to achieve bidirectional transferring consultation can get remarkable effect.


Soil compaction is an undesirable consequence of land use for crop production, especially under cultivation with minimum soil turnover as in the no-tillage system (NTS). However, the compaction caused by machine traffic on soils under NTS does not make crop production unviable, indicating that some intrinsic mechanisms promote the reversion of soil compaction. In this study, the influence of alternate contraction and expansion cycles was evaluated with regard to the bulk density (ρ) of a Latossolo Vermelho argiloso (clayey Oxisol) (0.57 kg kg-1 clay, and 0.12 kg kg-1 sand) and the temporal change in ρ in the field. Soil samples were compacted in the laboratory to reach a ρ of 1,464 kg m-3 and subjected to five cycles of contraction (air drying) and expansion (saturation). During the contraction process, soil gravimetric water content and ρ were monitored. Soil ρ was also measured in the field in the years 2010, 2011, and 2013. A decrease in soil water content in the samples increased the ρ according to a sigmoid function with two asymptotes, and the increase in ρ was significant at water contents lower than that of the permanent wilting point (1.5 MPa). Although there was an increase in ρ during contraction, successive contraction and expansion events steadily reduced ρ from 1,713 to 1,570 kg m-3 (end of contraction), and from 1,464 to 1,385 kg m-3 (near saturation). In the field, a decline in ρ was observed in compacted soil (from 1,406 to 1,327 kg m-3) at a rate of -26 kg m-3 yr-1. We conclude that the decrease in the state of field compaction is largely linked to the same mechanisms that cause the decrease in compaction in the samples in the laboratory. We conclude that for the soil used in this study, contraction and expansion cycles may reverse most of the compaction that machine traffic causes to the soil.


This paper introduces the reason of the establishment of the reference service center of digital library of Guangdong Province,expounds the contents and features of its reference service,and points out the achievements of and gap existing in this center.


Hamas has suffered serious blows over the course of Israel`s 23-day war on Gaza, but the civilian population has suffered enormously. Against the loss of 10 Israeli soldiers and four civilians, more than 1,300 Palestinians have been killed in the war, of which the overwhelming majority are non-combatants, including approximately 300 children. Nonetheless, much like the Lebanon war of 2006, Israel`s strategic gains in Operation Cast Lead have dissipated day by day. Had Israel inflicted a fierce three or four day campaign upon Hamas and its infrastructure, the Islamist group would have enjoyed less sympathy in the Arab world and it might have been possible to restore a ceasefire under terms dictated by Israel. After 23 days of fighting, Israel has fallen well short of a clear-cut strategic victory. History`s lesson is that peace in this region if in fact that is the goal can be imposed neither with bombs nor rockets. The Gaza war only verifies the lesson.


In this paper, we find two auxiliary functions and make use of the maximum principle to study the level sets of harmonic function defined on a convex ring with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in R2. In higher dimensions, we also have a similar result to Jagy's. AMS Subject Classifications: 35B45, 35J92, 35B50 Chinese Library Classifications: O175.25


LKAB produce several different highly refined iron ore products, fines and pellets, for the manufacturing of iron and industrial minerals applications. The different industrial minerals products ha ...


An environmentally benign photochemical thiolation and trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl dihydropyridines were devel-oped. The alkyl radical could be generated smoothly without any photocatalyst via modification of chromophores of alkyl dihydropyridines and...


Global health challenges are increasing. So are the costs. Despite large progress in healthcare, the world is far from achieving the health related sustainable development goals. Is there any answer to this global crisis? Here we propose that seven shields of Ayurveda can indeed reduce the years lived in morbidity and extend healthspan (i.e., diseasefree lifespan).People today are approaching the age of decay much earlier, particularly in India. For example, non-communicable diseases NCDs are normally present in individuals aged 55 years or older in many developed countries, yet their onset occurs in India a decade earlier,i.e., >45 years of age (1). The reason is that a large majority of population has breached the six, out of seven, fortifications or ramparts that must exist between healthspan and morbidity. These are Ahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle), Swasthvritta (healthy regimen or code of personalized health-conduct), Sadvritta (code of personal good-conduct), Panchakarma (five procedures for periodic detoxification), Rasayana-Vajikara (rejuvenation and restoration of vitality and vigour), and Aushadhi (medicine).


Main aim of the present thesis is firstly the literature review of the international discourse about Mergers & Acquisitions in the banking sector and secondly the empirical analysis by using selected ratios. The key question called into consideration is the role of Mergers & Acquisitions in the development of Eurobank. By analyzing basic ratios from 1997-2014 is being revealed that Eurobank has positive expansive effects from the implementation of the Mergers and Acquisitions strategy.


Standard bacteriology and enzyme-linked imrnunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to detect Aeromonas salmonicida in samples of hdney, intestine and mucus from pre-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with stress-inducible furunculosis infections. No A. salrnonicida was isolated by bacteriological culture of samples from 30 unstressed salmon. In the same samples. ELISA detected antigen in 15 intestinal samples, but none in any of the kidney or mucus samples. The frequency of stress-inducible infections in a paired group of Atlantic salmon was 7/29 when the kidneys of the stressed fish were examined bacteriologically and 13/29 when ELISA results from kidney, intestinal content and mucus were combined. If ELISA results from kidneys alone were considered the frequency of detection was 8/20. In 2 separate experiments brown trout enrichment was used to detect A. salmonicida in pre-smolt Atlantic salmon with stress-inducible infections and compared to the standard stress test. The pathogen was detected in the combined mucus, fins and gills of 7/20 and 14/20 fish and in the blood of 3/20 and 2/20 fish respectively. The frequency of stress-inducible infections in paired groups of fish from the same populations was 10/20 and 16/20 respectively. These data suggest that the intestine may be the primary location of A. salmonjcida in salmon with stress-inducible infections and that colonisation of the mucus, fins and gills may also occur. The implications of these findings for the design of methods to eliminate such infections are discussed.


Chinglish has been identified by many English teachers and scholars as one of the major mistakes Chinese ESL students make in writings.This paper categorizes and analyzes five major error types in 120 assigned writings of non-English major students of HNU,and offers several suggestions to reduce Chinglish.


Tiling is a well-known te hnique for sequential ompiler optimization, as well as for automati program parallelization. However, in the ontext of parallelization, tiling should not be onsidered as a stand-alone te hnique, but should be applied after a dedi ated parallelization phase, in our ase after spa e-time mapping [17℄. We show how tiling an bene t from spa e-time mapping, and we derive an algorithm for omputing tiles whi h an minimize the number of ommuni ation startups, taking the number of physi ally available pro essors into a ount.


kountry standardizes names of countries from various datasets. For example, the codes 2 (COW code), 111 (IMF), 840 (UN Stats), and the names United States of America, U.S.A., USA, U.S., US, UNITED STATES, etc., lower or upper case, with or without the definite article "the", will all be converted to "United States". The command makes it easier to merge data sets that use different codes and names to identify the same countries. The command is described in an article in Stata Journal, 8:3, 2008, updated in 10:4, 2010.


Reflected light with a grazing angle from a gear tooth surface is put into a hologram recording a standard surface. Deviation of reconstructed wavefront from the standard one gives a surface error, and is detected by a simple photodetector with a small pinhole and by the fringe scanning technique.


The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the utility of intersectionality as a conceptual framework in special education discourse. More specifically, it is posited that intersectionality is necessary for understanding the experiences of Black girls in schools. In the discussion below, I use Black feminism and critical race theory as the theoretical framework, and use narratives derived from a qualitative study with undergraduate college students to demonstrate how Black girls are often misidentified for special education services. The shared narratives reveal how Black girls from lower-income and working class families may be at higher risk of being identified as learning disabled and/or as having a behavioral or emotional disability compared to their middle class and White peers. Due to racial and gender discrimination in schools, many Black girls experience schooling in a state of liminality. The article has implications for special education, teacher education development, and social work.


The formation and structure of the films of nanocompositions based on a crosslinked PAA-PVA matrix containing up to 50-60 vol % copper and cadmium sulfides formed in situ were studied. It is suggested that the CdS-containing systems form by a condensation mechanism involving the stage of a critical nucleus formation. The most probable mechanism of the CuS nanophase formation is related to the production and association of monomer units,' representing S-containing copper complexes. The main difference between the structures of compositions containing cadmium and copper sulfides, observed at moderate degrees of filling (≤25-30 vol %), is that the former system features small (∼5 nm) polycrystalline CdS particles, while the latter contains greater (up to ∼15 nm) single-crystal CuS particles. The differences in the mechanisms of formation and structures of the systems under consideration are probably related to dissimilar thermodynamic characteristics of the highly disperse phases in CdS- and CuS-containing compositions.


Abstract The wavelet scalogram has been widely used for vibration signal analysis, but it has low frequency concentration at small scales and low time concentration at large scales owing to the limitation of Heisenberg–Gabor inequality. In addition, misleading interference terms would appear in the scalogram at some conditions. All of these would influence scalogram analysis seriously. In this paper, a reassignment method is used, which can improve the concentration of the scalogram and weaken the interference terms to a certain extent; thus, the readability of the scalogram can be improved. The experimental data for three kinds of faults in rotating machinery: rotor-to-stator rub, oil whirl, coupling misalignment and the actual measurement data from a Pumped Storage Power Generator Unit are analyzed by the scalogram and the reassigned scalogram, and the results by FFT analysis are also given. A comparison among three kinds of analysis results is carried out, and the comparison results indicate that the scalogram can not only reveal the time–frequency features of vibration signal but also highlight the components of low energy. Therefore, it is suitable to extract features of faults at an early stage.


Speleopsobius weaveri, n. gen., n. sp., is described from lava tubes in southern Idaho, USA. The new taxon, and species of the genera Buethobius Chamberlin, 1911 and its probable synonym Yobius Chamberlin, 1945, are members of the family Anopsobiidae, not previously reported from North America. All known species of Henicopidae and Anopsobiidae from North America north of México are listed and briefly noted, along with all known anopsobiids from the northern hemisphere. Anopsobiella dawidoffi Attems, 1938 (Vietnam) is likely not a member of the family Anopsobiidae.


The consumption of bread is globally increasing. However, due to increased costs associated with production of bread from 100% wheat flour especially in developing countries, other cereal based flours are now being blended with wheat flour to produce bread. This study was carried out to assess the effect of using two differently processed cassava flour (fermented and unfermented) and substitution level on proximate composition, sensory characteristics and overall acceptability of bread made from wheat-cassava flour blends. Bread was made using wheat flour incorporated in fermented and unfermented cassava flour at the ratios of 100:0, 90:10 and 80:20 for wheat: cassava flour, respectively and baked using a Morphy Richards (serial number 20076019) bread maker. The results showed that both the cassava flour and cassava flour substitution levels significantly affected (p<0.05) proximate composition, sensory characteristics and overall acceptability of the bread. Regardless of flour type, increased cassava flour substitution progressively decreased the crude protein and fat contents while the ash content was increased. The trend in significant differences as a reflection of the effect of cassava flour type and substitution level for the bread sensory characteristics was not consistent. Bread made from the 100% wheat flour was not significantly different from breads made from the following cassava flour type and substitution levels: 10% fermented cassava flour, 10% unfermented flour and 20% unfermented cassava flour in colour, texture, aroma and taste. Significant differences were observed between bread made from the 100% wheat flour and breads from the following cassava type and substitution levels: 20% fermented cassava flour, 10% and 20% unfermented cassava flour in colour, texture, aroma and taste. Overall acceptability and index to volume were both significantly affected by the cassava flour type and substitution levels. In conclusion, cassava flour substitution levels in wheat-cassava flour blends for bread making should not exceed 10% regardless of how the cassava flour has been processed to ensure bread with improved proximate composition and acceptable sensory attributes.


Part III: Assessment Policies Course Credit 8-9 Incomplete Grades 9 Change of Grade Policy 9 Grade Appeal Policy 9-10 Grade Point Average 10-11 Petitions for GPA Adjustment 11 Course Evaluation Compliancy Policy 11-12 Peer Assessment Policy 12-13 Peer Assessment Counselor 13-14 Professional Behavior Evaluation 14 Subject Examination Policy 14-15 Clinical Performance Assessment and Remediation (CPAR) Policy 15 United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Policies 15-16 Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) 16 Mid-Rotation Formative Assessment 16 Policy on Timely Submission of Final Grades 17 Examination Materials Policy 17


Summary The supply of carbon to fruit on whole apple trees of 'Scifresh' grafted onto M.9 rootstock was altered by adjustment of the crop load [43% removal at 60 d or 90 d after full bloom (DAFB)], by three periods of 75% shading (from 60 – 90, 90 – 120, or 60 – 120 DAFB), or by a combined treatment of fruit removal at 60 DAFB and shading from 60 – 120 DAFB. Altering the timing and duration of shading, and crop load adjustment, resulted in changes in fruit dry matter concentration (DMC), with a range at harvest from 14.0 – 17.5%. Thinning to reduce the crop load enhanced fruit DMC, with greater effects on both fruit DMC and mean fruit fresh weight the earlier it was done. Shading reduced fruit DMC, with greater reductions the longer the shade was left over the trees. All treatments had greater effects on fruit DMC and fruit quality (flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration) at harvest than on mean fruit fresh weight. This trial also provided fruit samples for measurements of both the carbohydrate content and apoplastic composition of cortical tissues. Starch contents and total apoplastic sugar concentrations were increased by reductions in crop load and were decreased by shading, with starch content being the most responsive. Apoplastic sugar concentrations increased during fruit development. The relative order of abundance of sugars in the apoplast and in the symplast plus vacuole was similar, although differences in the ratios of sugars were evident, with sorbitol accounting for ≤ 10% of the total sugar content in the apoplast and ≤ 3% in the symplast plus vacuole. This work has revealed the possibility of using apoplastic sugar concentration as an indicator of the carbohydrate supply to apple fruit.


In current drilling system,the efficiency of top drive system can greatly be improved.The reduction gearbox is a core component of a power system.In terms of lower drilling capacity in the current drilling system,with the analysis of drilling process,using the theory of parameterized modeling,this study designs the structure of gearbox and simulates its engagement force.Based on Hertz theory,the contact force parameters are derived and the gear model is built.Its kinematics and dynamics performance are analyzed using ADAMS.Therefore,the curve of time domain and frequency in engagement force is obtained.Through design and analysis,the virtual prototype meets the design requirements and saves drilling time.The study provides a technological reference for future research on deep exploration technology.


In response to similar challenges, an online platform called the Prescribing Safety Assessment was developed by the British Pharmacological Society and the Medical Schools Council Assessment in the UK.3,7 This teaches and assesses multiple domains relevant to pharmacological therapy,3,7 raising the profile of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics in the curriculum. It provides students with a breadth of clinical scenarios in which to legally practise multiple facets of prescribing and medication reviews, with timely feedback. Before full registration as independent prescribers, UK medical graduates are required to demonstrate a basic level of knowledge and skills by passing the Prescribing Safety Assessment.


This paper considers whether the separation of financial and management accounting in France is an irreversible trend. We in particular consider the role of the State in this separation. We begin by showing that the integration of financial and management accounting is a "natural" phenomenon which was common until the 1940"s. We then show that after this date, the standardization by the State of financial accounting generated a separation between the two types of accounting in the 1980"s. We finally study the efforts of an influential individual to promote a return to the integration of these accounting systems. His efforts were in vain, in spite of his relations in the world of accounting standards, the attempts to put his system in place in industrial groups in whose management he was involved, and the widespread publications and writings directed at academics. For us, this failure was not due to technical reasons but can rather be explained by the various interests of the main actors. Among these actors, the French state played a predominant role.


Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is very frequent in offender populations. 'Pure' ADHD seldom occurs in these persons. The majority of individuals suffer from ADHD in combination with c


Surgical reconstruction of vascular access in hemodialysis patients requires solid information on the site and type of the shunt failure. In 21 cases (16 patients) analysis of angioaccess failure included digital subtraction angiography. With this technique, information on anatomy and rheological pattern enabled us to plan specific surgical procedures during which preoperative diagnoses were confirmed.


This paper proposes an MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) algorithm for estimating continuous phase-type distributions (CPHs). In Bayes estimation, it is well known that MCMC is one of the most useful and practical methods. The concrete MCMC algorithm for CPHs was developed by using Markov jump processes by Bladt et al. (2003). However, the existing MCMC algorithm spends much computation time in some cases. In this paper, we propose a new sampling algorithm which is based on uniformization technique and backward likelihood computation. The proposed algorithm is easier to implement and is more efficient in terms of computation time than the existing method.


BORON ACETATE denotes the crystalline product obtained from the reaction of orthoboric acid and acetic anhydride. Some investigators (1, 8) contend that this product has a boron-to-acetate ratio of 1 to 3, and a structure corresponding to B(OOCCH,),. Others (2,4,6, 7) claim that it has a boron-to-acetate ratio of 1 to 2 and a structure of (CHaC00)2B-0-B(OOCH3)2. Both structures have been named according to several systems: boron triacetate, triacetyl borate, and triacetoxyborane for B(OAc)3; pyroboron tetraacetate, tetraacetyl diborate, and tetraacetoxy diboroxane for (AcO)~B-O-B(OAC)~. The product which Hayter and others (6) obtained from the reaction of orthoboric acid and acetic anhydride was pyroboron tetraacetate. However, Dukelski (3) indicates that the boron triacetate structure may exist under certain conditions.


Oxytocin is a cyclic nanopeptide synthetized in hypothalamus, best known for inducing contractions of smooth muscles during birth (in uterus) and milk ejection (in breast) during breast feeding. Recent studies have demonstrated various effects that oxytocin might have on different tissues and organs, such as lungs, kidneys, adipose tissue, liver and pancreas. Oxytocin has also been found to affect food intake and body weight as well as modulate reactivity to stress. Moreover oxytocin appears to have an association and influence on development and progress of various diseases including asthma, obesity and fatty liver, hence the pharmacological use of that hormone or its analogues should be possible. Variety and multiplicity of effects induced by oxytocin suggests that its role in physiology is not fully understood.


The normal ways to deal with networks programming are hard to the freshman,how to divide the users task into se- veral parts then distribute them to different CPUs and how to communicate between the CPUs maybe need the genius.The new framework of networks parallel computing put forward in this paper tries to let the system to deal with these difficult problems when running the task,and the user just submits the data and operates them.


This study contributes to a growing body of literature on uncertainty communication. It uses quantitative and qualitative methods to explore a user-centred framework for uncertainty communication design for the non-expert audience, and a user study investigating how uncertainty representation methods influence behaviour of non-expert audiences in an online game.


Car rental is a high capital input and high-risk industry. It is true that the risks from finance, rental fraud, and traffic accidents are the three main risks faced by the car rental industry in China, and endanger the survival and development of such trade. In this paper, we will make analysis on the above three risks, and then we will present corresponding counter-measurements for car rental companies to manage and control these risks. At last, we will put forward some proposals for the car rental industry and the government.