The method of transmitting entitlement management message of the present invention (EMM) is the transmission side, as a function of a feature representing the type of data and services provided, comprising the steps of defining the EMM type messages, a plurality of logical transmission It defines the type of channel, and associating the EMM type for each type of channel one parameter (STREAM_TYPE) to notify to the terminal transmitting on the logical channel, logical transmission channel to each EMM message type transmitting and allocating one channel, and transmitting to each terminal device (STREAM_TYPE) parameters and the logical channels, the steps of multiplexing the logical transmission channels in the same data stream, the data stream to the terminal device in comprising the door, on the receiving side, each terminal device (STREAM_TYPE) parameter, and Le of the terminal device As a function of one state parameter determined by routine operation, comprising the step of filtering the input EMM.


Liquid columns lifted on an infinite pool is a problem that has long been an interest. However, most of the studies didn't take into consideration that the top of the liquid column can contract. This effect is especially important when pulling speed is low so that the lifting process can be seen as a quasi-static motion. In this study, we have found 3 stages when the liquid column is lifted up.


Synthesis of Terbutaline sulfate from 3′,5′-dihydroxybenzoic acid was performed in an eight step process. The yield of Terbutaline sulfate was 33.15%, which was 12.5% higher than that reported before. Reaction conditions were mild and the process was simple. A low cost industrial method for the synthesis of Terbutaline sulfate is reported.


By bombarding fluorine target with 5.7 MeV protons, a new gamma radiation of energy 3.86±0.02 MeV was observed with a three crystal pair spectrometer. This gamma radiation was proved to be emitted from 10.98 MeV (or 10.77 MeV) state in 16 O in the transition to 7.12 MeV (or 6.91 MeV) state by gamma-gamma coincidence experiments. No gamma radiation corresponding to the transitions from this state to other lower states in 16 O was observed 0 - (or 3 + ) was assigned to this state. An 8.87 MeV gamma radiation corresponding to the direct transition to the ground state from the 2 - excited state in 16 O was observed. A hard gamma radiation of about 11 MeV energy was found at proton energies between 4.8 and 5.7 MeV and was ascribed to the capture radiation in 19 F( p γ) 20 Ne reaction. A weak gamma radiation of about 4.9 MeV energy was also observed.


Prior research has discovered that groups tend to discuss shared information while failing to discuss unique information in decision‐making processes. In our study, we conducted a lab experiment to examine the effect of prediscussion note‐taking on this phenomenon. The experiment used a murder‐mystery hidden profile task. In all, 192 undergraduate students were recruited and randomly assigned into 48 four‐person groups with gender being the matching variable (i.e., each group consisted of four same‐gender participants). During the decision‐making processes, some groups were asked to take notes while reading task materials and had their notes available in the following group discussion, while the other groups were not given this opportunity. Our analysis results suggest that (a) the presence of an information piece in group members' notes positively correlates with its appearance in the subsequent discussion and note‐taking positively affects the group's information repetition rate; (b) group decision quality positively correlates with the group's information sampling rate and negatively correlates with the group's information sampling/repetition bias; and (c) gender has no statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between note‐taking and information sharing. These results imply that prediscussion note‐taking could facilitate information sharing but could not alleviate the biased information pooling in hidden profile tasks.


Cerny H., L. Brandstatter: The Development of Rudimentary Metapodial and Acropodial Skeletons in the Sheep. Acta vet. Bmo, 1990: 3-11. On the material obtained from six embryos (CRL 18-35 mm), 48 foetuses CRL 70-280 mm) and 12 sheep (14 days-15 months) we investigated the development of the rudimentary skeleton of the metapodium and acropodium in tissue sections using light microscopy. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to van Gieson, with alcian blue and a mixture of Ponceau 2K and acid fuchsin. Mineralization du ring ossification was ascertained by a histochemical calcium examination according to Kossa. The material from the postnatal period was processed by osteological and radiographical methods. The change of the mesenchymal skeleton of the second an fifth primordia of the metapodium into cartilaginous skeleton in the sheep occurs in its late embryonal stage. In this period, the metapodial skeleton becomes clearly differentiated into the main and the rudimentary skeletons, the cartilaginous skeleton of the lateral primordium becoming markedly reduced in comparison with the axial ones. The mesenchymal skeleton of lateral primordia is not subject to a change into embryonal cartilage in its full extent. It morphologically differentiates into the pro ximal skeleton of the second and fifth metapodials and the distal skeleton of the acro podial. The two skeletons are connected by an original mesenchymal blastema. In the course of the development, the metapodial skeleton ossifies, the development of rudimentary skeletons of the second and fifth digits ceases when it reaches the cartilaginous tage. Ossification of the second and fifth metapodials begins on the 50th day of prenatal development in the foetus of CRL 90 mm, i. e. about 7 days later than ossification of the main skeleton, and corresponds to the diaphyseal ossification of the long bone. Calcium distribution showed predominance of the resorption phase over the osteo genous phase during ossification. As a result, distal segments of the skeleton are completely resorbed and only their proximal segments are preserved in the postnatal period. The rudiment of the fifth metacarpal is a needle-shaped bone with a head, whose length varies greatly from case to case. It forms a syndesmotic connection with the fourth metacarpal. The second metacarpal is often missing or appears only as a tiny rudiment synostotically connected to the base of the third metacarpal. Ru diments of the second and fifth metacarpals cannot be demonstrated in the definitive skeleton, because they have been fully resorbed. The one- or two-phalanx skeleton of the acropodium is a cartilaginous cylinder. Proximally, it extends as far as the base of proximal sesamoid bones, while distally it reaches connective structures of the differentiating subcutis. It never ossifies, its development being terminated in the stage of cartilaginous skeleton, which is com pletely replaced by connective tissue already during the prenatal development.


Substation inspection is one of the most vital and time-consuming tasks for non-attended smart substations. Nowadays, a constant-frequency inspection pattern is used for all the devices in a substation by most power grid companies. This inspection pattern fails to utilize the individual characteristics of each device and accumulated operational experiences, resulting in unnecessary waste and potential risks. In this paper, an optimization model is proposed to find the optimal inspection pattern for substation devices based on risk analysis. A Monte Carlo-based simulation method is proposed to solve the stochastic model. The method is verified by a test case with actual data obtained from a smart substation located in South China.


The invention relates to a storing device and especially relates to an expanding plastic particle storing device. The storing device comprises a storing body, a viewing door, a feed outlet, a frame and a feed inlet, wherein the viewing door is arranged at the side end of the storing body and the feed outlet is formed in the side end of the storing body; the storing body is connected with the frame; the feed inlet is formed in the upper end of the storing body; a plastic spring barrel is arranged at the upper end of the storing body; the feed inlet is positioned at the upper end of the plastic spring barrel; hydraulic pressure rods are arranged on the two sides of the plastic spring barrel; a sealing ring is arranged between the storing body and the plastic spring barrel; the top end of the plastic spring barrel is fixedly connected with the hydraulic pressure rods through a fixing rod. According to the invention, the storing device can be subjected to volume expansion in the way that the volume of the storing device is adjusted, so that the cost is saved and the power is increased.


The construction of eco-city is one of the important paths which achieve the basic national policy of protecting the resources and environment in China.The foreign construction of eco-city mainly adopts a government-directed type,science-and-technology-led type,transportation-led type,organization-driven type,urban-and-rural-interacted type,and so on.By using the experience of other countries,this paper points out that it should adopt measures to accelerate the construction of eco-city,such as bring the governmental effect into full play,strengthen the effect of innovation for science and technology,carry out the strategy of key breakthrough,set up the transportation system of eco-city,guide public to participate extensively,and enhance the idea of urban and rural integration.


Filmmaking is a unique, illustrated guide to and appraisal of the basic narrative and structural techniques employed, either consciously or intuitively, by all successful filmmakers. Filled with examples from popular films, the book seamlessly joins theory and practice in an accessible approach to filmmaking that should find an eager audience among filmmakers (directors, editors, cinematographers, producers and screenwriters). Bob Foss is co-writer of the screenplay for Disney's Shipwrecked.


In a globalised world and in knowledge-based economies, every authentic person needs very specialised skills in economics. A special situation arises for entrepreneurs, because they have to face new demands when doing business. Mainstream economics is untrue in terms of the scientific needs of methodological and ontological approaches, also their fragmentation of the economies in question ignoring their integrity and their implicit order, using only a simple mechanical world view. Primary endosomatic economic knowledge produced in universities and research institutes can be explicated and recorded using ICT and CI for easier distribution and dissemination in a community of broad-based contemporary potential users. However, this is not sufficient for the effective survival of a national economic organism in today's complex world. The most difficult problem is to achieve rapid, high quality and efficient secondary endosomatic knowledge creation by all potential users, i.e. current users and certified experts together. This paper provides a framework for understanding the very important task of creating new economic knowledge for competitive success in a highly challenging environment, while demonstrating, through several examples, possible ways and methods for implementing fast and high quality and efficient devices, tools and methods to achieve these goals. Specifically, the author focuses general attention on devices, tools, and methods that provide advanced computational intelligence results. In this article, we do not explore the creation of new knowledge in the education system, but focus our attention on the contemporary selfcreation of new knowledge by authentic persons, aided by new emerging devices and methods primarily using ICT, the Internet, specialized software, simple computational intelligence products and services, and cognitive science tools for these purposes.


Many studies empirically shown that both short-term and long term stock return can be predicted by using market variables and interest rate, but no satisfactory theory would argue that the relation between financial markets and the macro economy is entirely in one direction. However, stock prices are usually considered as responding to external forces. In 1976, Ross designed APT as a response to the weakness of CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model), in where CAPM predicts only one systematic risk that will affect return which is market risk. While APT assumed there are more systematic risks that affect return of stocks. Making a decision in an investment needs an overall analysis to factors affecting expected return which are the conditions of macro economy in the country. Chen, Roll and Ross (1980) found out that indicators of macro economy affecting return of the stocks are inflation, GNP, investor confidence (estimated with corporate bond premium) and the change of yield curve. Empirical studies reveal that once financial deregulation takes place, the stock markets of a country become more sensitive to both domestic and external factors. Many studies have documented the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock returns, and they provide different results. This study aims to see and analyze which macroeconomics factors that can affect the stock return in banking sector period of 2005- 2010. Sample used in this study are shares on banking sector that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The macroeconomics variables used in this study are Consumer Price Index, Industrial Production Index, Gold price and Money Supply. The results shows that simultaneously, Consumer Price Index, Industrial Production Index, Gold price and Money Supply do not affect banking sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This finding is consistent with theory and a number of empirical studies. And out of 8 companies tested, the APT model only significant in explaining Bank Central Asia, simultaneously but partially only CPI and Money Supply are significant.


Recent findings show that the use of oral cytology will result in the diagnosis of a significant number of oral cancers in lesions not suspected of being cancerous. Also, lesions suspected of being cancerous will yield a significant number of positive oral cytology findings when the initial biopsy report was a false negative. An excellent adjunct to cancer detection, this technic has also been found useful in the diagnosis of other oral diseases.


Objective The present study was designed to establish a myasthenia mouse experimental model to observe the change of c-fos gene in IMS.Methods Eight-week-old male mice,weight 20±g,were divided into 4 groups at random: normal group;brine group;experiment group.Brine group is muscle injected with brine with the same dose as omethoate.Experiment group is celiac injected with omethoate(50 mg/kg) and atropine(10 mg/kg) at the same time.There are 15 mice per cage which is assigned by 5 time-point(24 h,48 h,72h,96h and 5-7 d) in experiment group.The intramuscular power is evaluated by Lennon's measure in experiment group.The expression of c-fos gene expression in skeletal muscle was detected respectively by immune-histochemisty technique.Results Compared with 5-7 d mice,the percentage of muscle weakness is higher after poinsoning 1-4 d(P0.05).Compared with normal group,brine group and normal muscle group,the c-fos gene expression of muscle weakness in skeletal muscle was obviously increased after poinsoning 1-4 d(P0.01).Conclusion c-fos might act as transcription factor and regulate other gene expression during the early period of organophosphate intoxication.Omethoate poisoning could lead to increased expressions of c-fos gene in skeletal muscle in mice.This suggested that c-fos gene might be closely related to IMS induced omethoate poisoning.


This article provides a case history of the development of Hispanic Student Organizations (HSO) by examining the contextual factors (e.g., demographic, historical, organizational) that impacted HSO development at the University of Florida from the 1970s to 2003. We trace the formation of HSO of cultural, professional, and Greek affiliations. We examine institutional involvement and some recent hate crimes directed at HSO at the university and conclude with future directions and research implications.


A control and actuator system for a press brake having a frame, a bed, a ram, and a pair of hydraulic cylinders for reciprocating the ram, utilizes a jackscrew arrangement in conjunction with positive mechanical stops on the ram pistons to support the ram beneath the cylinders to enable the bottom travel limit of the ram to be preset. The top travel limit of the ram is preset by means of vertically adjustable actuator rods on the ram, which engage actuator stems on valves associated with each cylinder to stop upward travel and hold the ram in position. Tilt compensation is provided at the top and bottom ram limits by independent adjustment of the jackscrews and actuator rods, obviating the need for a complex tape and pulley driven differential valve arrangement. The novel hydraulic circuit provided for powering the cylinders utilizes pilot-driven control valves, and provides for direct venting of the system high-volume hydraulic pump when not in use to maximize system efficiency.


In the paper,the authors present the importance of temperature control in the production of antibiotic and analyze the operating principle of the intelligent thyristor power regulator based on fuzzy control rule.Its usability is shown by some practical examples.: In the paper,the authors present the importance of temperature control in the production of antibiotic and analyze the operating principle of the intelligent thyristor power regulator based on fuzzy control rule.Its usability is shown by some practical examples.


Models are widely used and are one of the advanced tools of software engineering. There is a necessity to export software models from one software development tool or environment and to import them into another tool or environment, especially actual this task is within the ModelDriven Software Development. Despite of the popular model description standard XML Metadata Interchange (XMI), which can be used to perform the task of the model interchange, several problems according to information loss still are appearing. The research is devoted to the comparison of the tools' abilities to exchange the software model presented in the form of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams with other tools, based on a set of test cases suitable to check the completeness of the model description according to XMI standard. Authors open the discussion about the dependency between tools correspondence to the XMI standard and tool's ability of model interchange.


Enterprises need to trust that data they share with other enterprises is not exploited maliciously and cause harm. We describe the development and evaluation of a decision support tool for assessing trust in a partner enterprise. The tool is composed of ten statements spanning four well-established organizational trust factors: ability, integrity, benevolence, and vulnerability. Users rate the statements about a partner enterprise and then rate their trust in the partner enterprise. The tool focuses users on these trust factors and mentally prepares them to make the trust rating. As a first evaluation of the tool, participants read 25 statements each about enterprises in three fictional countries and rated their trust without the tool, using only their intuitions. Then they rated three more enterprises while using the tool. The tool led to trust ratings that were significantly closer to the constructed, expected ratings, and participants rated the tool as useful.


This paper mainly describes the function and installation notes of the DCS of computer and the integrated oil control system applied to the water gas production control , the economical benefit of it compared with the hydraulic automatic operator. The application of the system not only reduces the operation cost of water gas system, but also improves the safety in the production control of water gas.


Crohn's disease is rarely seen in Transvaal Blacks. Three cases are presented. The pathology and radiological features are discussed. The difficulty of diagnosing the extent of the disease in the acute stage both clinically and radiologically is emph,!lsised. The acute case should be recognised at operation and nothing further done. The case presenting with intestinal obstruction should have conservative excision of the organically narrowed segment. Azathioprine may be of some use in the treatment of the acute episode. Its probable chief mode of action is by its antiphlogistic effect.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 580 (1974).


This paper illustrates a technique for studying conceptions of the worth of positions in formal organizations. Basically, it involves subjects' assignment of relative salaries to positions in a set of hypothetical structures. In the experiment reported here, it was found that (1) indirect supervision of subordinates is valued more than direct supervision; (2) a positions's worth increases with additional subordinates; (3) the greatest disagreement occurs over middle-level positions with no subordinates. The paper concludes by suggesting a number of possible adaptations of the technique in future research.


This article examines how educational commons, in which teaching and learning are shaped by the entire educational community on terms of equal freedom, contribute to democratic empowerment and renewal. Intervening in the critical debate over public formal education and the scope it allows for radical democratization, discussion draws on a case study conducted in the self-organized school Solidarity School Mesopotamia in Moschato, Athens, Greece.The Solidarity School is an informal tutoring or supplementary tuition school which is attached to the formal high school curriculum. One of its main objectives is to support students for the courses they attend in public schools and to prepare them for public school and university entrance exams. This attachment foists constraints on education, however, the commons-based organization and the alter-political nature of the school put a crucial twist on educational practice. This generates considerable transformative effects which are reflected markedly in the ambiance of teaching and learning.The School promotes socio-economic and political equality not only by providing free tuition to students whose families may not be able to afford private supplementary teaching and might not be able thus to enter university or to learn foreign languages. The School nourishes also a culture of equal freedom, solidarity and civic engagement which refashions the hegemonic habitus of consumerist individualism, passivity and submission to socio-political hierarchies.The article argues thus that there is room for educational commons and democratic transformation even in structures which remain tailored to formal schooling but refigure educational hierarchies and modes of governance, infusing education with an alternative democratic ethos of solidarity, equal freedom and grassroots self-organization.


The research was conducted in the Animal Biology Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara started from July to November 2013. This aims of research was to determine utilization of pelleting banana crop residu to substitute grass on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of weaning male local sheep. Twenty male local sheeps were used with initial body weight 8,63±2,06 kg/head and divided into four treatments and five replications using completely randomized design as design experiment. The treatments were analyzed level substitution of grass with banana crop residu i;e 0% (P0), 33% (P1), 67% (P2), 100% (P3). Variables were observed consist of feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that utilization of pelleting banana crop residu to substitute grass were not significantly different effect (P>0,05) on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Feed intake (g/head/day) for treatments P0; P1; P2; P3 were 325,32; 369,24; 369,91; 345,36 , respetively, while for body weight gain (g/head/day) were 39,45; 51,24; 59,70; 55,32, and for feed conversion ratio 11,74; 7,63; 6,32; 7,11, respectively. It is concluded that pelleting banana crop residu could substitute grass as much as 100%. Keywords : Performance, Weaning male local sheep, Banana crop residu


The effects of the pituitary adenylase cyclate-activating peptides (PACAP) 27 and 38 on proenkephalin (PENK) gene transcription were examined in PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma) cells using transient transfection assays. Both ligands stimulated PENK gene transcription in a dose-dependent manner, with an apparent ED50 close to 5 x 10(-11) M. Inactivation of cAMP dependent-protein kinase (PKA) with a dominant inhibitory mutant strongly reduced PACAP-stimulated PENK transcription. Using reporter genes driven by either the minimal TPA-responsive element (TRE: TGACTCA) or cAMP-responsive element (CRE: TGACGTCA), we showed that the two PACAPs activate transcription through both regulatory sequences. These effects could result from direct post-translational activation of Jun and CREB, as shown using GAL4-Jun or GAL4-CREB fusion proteins. Expression of a dominant inhibitory mutant of CREB decreased by 60% the response to PACAP, suggesting that CREB is implicated in PENK transactivation. Similarly, expression of c-fos antisense RNA reduced by 80% the stimulatory effects of PACAP. Taken together, these results indicate that PACAP stimulates PENK transcription by members of both the AP1 and the CREB families. However, AP1 by itself is not sufficient to increase PENK transcription, as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), which stimulates AP1 activity but not cAMP production, is unable to stimulate PENK transcription. These results indicate a cooperative effect of AP1 and CREB on PENK transcription.


The ozonotherapy influence on the postoperative treatment in patients after the radical lung resection due to the lung cancer is analyzed. The studies were performed from 1996 to 1999. The patients were divided into two group: the patients of the first group (40 persons) were treated with the standard infusion therapy in the postoperative period, the patients of the second group (160 persons) werw treated with ozoned crystalloids combined with the standard therapy. Due to the ozonotherapy the purulent complications in the second group reduced by a factor of 12,5 and mortality reduced by a factor of 2,6.


The traditional examination mode has many shortcomings and it is not beneficial to the development of the students' creativity.Besides,it is not suitable for the "problem-based teaching".In problem-based neurobiology teaching,we explored a new examination method which was beneficial for promoting the creativity and independent thinking of the students.


This article deals with didactic elaborations of reading practices produced by undergraduate students in their last phase of a distance learning degree in Portuguese Language, from a university in the south of Brazil. The objective is to characterize methodological approaches, considering the conceptual appropriation of the theoretical-epistemological anchorage of historicalcultural basis, which was assumed in the teaching projects presented. In this research, convergences, divergences or indications of approximation to this theoretical conception were observed, in view of the articulation between theory and practice, considering guidelines elaborated by Correia (2017) about conceptual appropriation and applied by Mossmann (2019). This is a study of qualitative approach through documental research (MINAYO, 2008), which included the analysis of in-class and extra-class teaching projects elaborated during the Supervised Internship of these undergraduates in high schools. For this purpose, we are anchored in theories of bakhtinian philosophy, of the psychology of the vigotskian language, as well as theories regarding reading conceptions. The results show that, regarding the methodological actions, there were no convergences with the historical-cultural ideology, with predominant signs of approximation to this conception, but with frequent references to other theoretical approaches, thus we infer that there was no effective conceptual appropriation by the students for a methodological action centered on 1 Doutora em Linguística pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e professora efetiva de Língua Portuguesa no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, câmpus Itajaí. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 2 Doutora em Linguística pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e professora efetiva de Língua Portuguesa e Literatura no Estado de Santa Catarina, EEB Aderbal Ramos da Silva. E-mail: email@example.com. Revista Trama | Volume 16 | Número 39 | Ano 2020 | pp. 39-53 | e-ISSN 1981-4674 P ág in a4 0 the approach of using the and reflecting about the language. In this way, this study contributes to the discussions of Applied Linguistics, once it indicates the need to reframe teacher training programs with respect to didactic elaboration concerning reading.


Nowadays, safety accidents occur frequently during ship maintenance, resulting in economic losses and personal injury. Most of the existing safety analysis methods focus on hazard identification and causation of faults, errors or accidents, etc. to ascertain what causes safety incidents. However, ship is featured by long service life and increasingly complicated equipment, so these methods cannot be well applied in the safety analysis of ship maintenance or achieve very noticeable effect. Based on the characteristics of ship maintenance, this paper puts forward a safety analysis method to further improve the safety management of ship maintenance and effectively


Providing global educational experiences for students in higher education has been viewed as a desirable educational objective for decades. Although there is a common appreciation that students should be exposed to, and gain awareness of, other peoples and cultures, the majority of community colleges in the United States have done little to provide such opportunities. To better accommodate this need, some are now striving to internationalize both the curriculum and the culture of the institution. This study examined factors that might contribute to, or impede, the development of internationalized general education curricula in Missouri community colleges. Data were collected from 243 general education faculty members who responded to an online questionnaire from each of the 18 community college campuses in Missouri. The paper applies Human Capital Theory and the Developmental Model for Intercultural Sensitivity as theoretical constructs for explaining why colleges should be more actively engaged in globalizing curricula and student experience. This article also applies these constructs for examining how successfully one system of community colleges is internationalizing through its general education offerings.


Objective: To determine the methodical quality of complete economic evaluations published in Cuban medical journals from 1999 to 2014. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of articles classified by their authors as complete economic evaluations and published from 1999 to 2014 in 47 Cuban medical journals authorized by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. The applied evaluation guide included year of publication, journal, objective, problem, options, time frame, prospects, cost, health effects and estimation of the cost/effectiveness ratio. Results: Twenty one papers were found, but in the last three years no paper has been published. These papers were mainly published in eight journals, being the first Revista Cubana de Farmacia, followed by Revista Cubana de Salud Publica and MEDISAN. None of the aspects was correctly addressed in over 80 % of revised papers. The worst results were found in statement of perspective present in less than 20 % of papers in addition to sensitivity analysis in less than 30 % of them. Almost 50 of papers adequately dealt with the submission of research problems, objectives, time frame, costs and the incremental cost/effectiveness ratio. Conclusions: Published economic evaluations are still scanty and most of them exhibit methodological faults. There is insufficient development in this area nationwide, which points to the importance of insisting once again on the dissemination of the basic methodological aspects of these evaluations aimed at researchers who act as reviewers and as editors of scientific journals.


SummaryI DENTIFICATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONWITH PET AND CT MULTISLICE Today non invasive cardiovascular imaging tech-niques exist, such as positron emission tomogra-phy (PET) and 16 multislice computed tomogra-phy (16-MSCT). With these studies, it is possibleto evaluate the function and anatomy of the heartrespectively. There is not enough information inthe literature about the usefulness for 16-MSCTin the evaluation of infarcts. In this article, we showimages of a patient who arrived to our institutionand in whom it was possible to obtain importantinformation with both imaging techniques. Withthe results, we obtained a good correlation of aninfarct zone with PET and 16-MSCT. 16-MSCT isa good technique for observing infarcted zonesof the heart. PET/CT is a non invasive cardiovas-cular imaging technique capable of givingenough anatomic and functional information.(Arch Cardiol Mex 2006; 76: 222-225) Palabras clave: Infarto agudo del miocardio. Tomografia por emision de positrones (PET). Tomografiacomputarizada 16 multicorte (CT-16MC).


Knowledge and achievement evaluation system MISKANTAS-22 based on density matrix and neural network methods were designed as an advisor to the lecturer for automated evaluation of open-type questions. New type of plugin for Moodle system Essay Plus was created, tested, and evaluated for grading purposes. New type of user-friendly interfaces for lecturer and for student in Moodle system was realized. New concept of test of Essay Plus type was created, tested, and realized. System allows to evaluate the student's answers in real time regime.


The present invention, to a subject in need of increased mucociliary clearance and mucosal hydration, by administering the sodium channel blockers and osmolytes described herein an effective amount of mucociliary clearance and mucosal water It relates to methods and compositions for treating diseases ameliorated by an increase in the sum.


This papercontrasts these contexts anddescribes analternative modelofcatch-up thatcanbediscerned through anexamination oftheindustries inwhichChinese firmsare competing successfully. Thepurpose ofthis paperistoidentify thekeyfeatures oftheChinese catch-up process topropose an alternative modelofcatch-up thattakesintoaccountkey features ofthecurrentenvironment, someofwhichdiffer critically fromJapan.First we review theJapanese catch-up processes during the1960s-1980s tohighlight keyfeatures. Next, we introduce ourframeworkthatisgroundedinChina's experience, anddescribe China's on-going catch-up process in thoseterms.We thenlookspecifically atthemobilephone handset industry toillustrate thecatch-up process inChina. Finally, we discuss thegeneral implications ofourframework forbothresearch andpolicymaking. I.INTRODUCTION Inthedecades that thetopic hasreceived attention, two approaches andexplanations haveemerged toexplain the process bywhichdeveloping countries maybeable to"catch up";namely, accelerate their development andreduce thegap betweenthemselves and the technologically and economically advanced countries. Oneextends theearly neoclassical growth models (29)inwhichtechnology freely spills across country borders andthis drives convergence. Another isbased inhistorical, institutional andevolutionary traditions andrejects suchasimplifying assumption about technology. Technology andinnovations arenotseenas flowing freely across country boundaries. Instead, technology andespecially theinnovative process fromwhichitarises and applied areclosely related tospecific firms, networks and economic institutions (12,24). In thisperspective, technology andinnovation arecentral tothecatching-up process, andacountry orfirm mustbeable touseaspecific "window ofopportunity" that mayarise intheevolution ofa technology system tocatch-up; otherwise, itwill continue to lagbehind(14). Many countries andeconomies have successfully exploited their windowofopportunity, suchas theUSA intheI9th century, Japanfromthe1960s, later Korea, Taiwan andSingapore, andmostrecently China. Whiletherole ofgovernment vs.market hasbeencentral tosomeanalyses oflatecomer Asian countries (32, 2),others approach theanalysis fromtheperspective oftechnological learning andnational systems ofinnovation. LeeandLim (20), forexample, emphasize that thetechnological regime plays animportant roleascontext andinexplaining why someindustries insomecountries havecaught upandothers not.Theyarguethat thetechnological regime affects the nature andsuccess oftheinnovative activities ofthose firms trying tocatch-up. Tounderstand outcomes, theyclassify industries basedonthedegree towhichindustry-related innovations arepredictable andfrequent. Furthermore, notallcountries havetheopportunity or ability tocapitalize onthechance tocatch up. Fora developing country, itisnoteasytoproceed fromstage of imitation tostage ofinnovation. Pavitt (27) pointed out, just installing large plants withforeign technology andforeign assistance willnothelpinthebuilding oftechnological capability. Inmanydeveloping countries, suchasBrazil, theprimary method oftechnology transfer hasbeenthrough subsidiaries ofmultinationals ortheimport of"turn-key" plants designed andbuilt byforeign contractors. Theformer Soviet Unionusedreverse engineering like Japan, butinthe Soviet Union, muchoftheresponsibility fordiffusion and development rested incentral research institutes rather in large industrial firms inthecaseofJapan(13).Insuch cases, therecipient enterprises andcountries gained little in termsofinnovation capabilities which, we differentiate between those whocatch upandthose whocontinue tolag behind. II. CATCH-UP:THEJAPANESEMODEL Workoncatch-up asitrelates tonational innovation systems (12, 24)hasbeenbased onthree assumptions. The first isthatthereareadvantages tolatedevelopment. Gerschenkron inhisstudy ofthecatch-up process in Germany's steel industry intheI9th century, observed that pioneering firms andcountries hadalready established a growing worldmarket, solatecomer firms didnothaveto face all theuncertainties, costs anddifficulties ofopening up entirely newmarkets. Heargued that itwasveryimportant forlatecomer totarget progressive anddynamic industries to competeglobally through investing inthemostmodern equipment andplants. Thesecond assumption isthat theinstitutional context in whichtechnology isembedded iscentral tothecatch-up process, thereby focusing attention onhistorical patterns and institutions. Freeman(12) explicates this linkage through his study ofJapanese experience incatching upwithdeveloped countries. Similarly, PerezandSoete(26) extend this perspective into normative directions, arguing that there isa "window ofopportunity" forcountries tocatch-up ifthey


In this article, we describe Device Communication: a protocol and architecture to enable new TV viewing experiences driven by a sophisticated platform between the TV and modern tablets, mobile phones, and laptops. Beyond simple keyboard and remote control navigation, the device connectivity platform provides a channel for two-way, application-specific message passing over a new secure and open-sourced protocol over a local network. This platform is informed by current research, W3C reference specifications as well as advertiser and broadcaster requirements. We further describe its integration and deployment into a large, commercial Internet TV framework.


C++ as C language of inheritance and development,Only retain the C language many merits,Also contains object-oriented characteristics,Become a new generation of software system construction of tool.If the C++ programmer bad design and habits,Not only can improve programming efficiency but wasteful resource.


Dust deposition onto mountain snow cover in the Upper Colorado River Basin frequently occurs in the spring when wind speeds and dust emission peaks on the nearby Colorado Plateau. Dust loading has increased since the intensive settlement in the western USA in the mid 1880s. The effects of dust‐on‐snow have been well studied at Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in the San Juan Mountains, CO, the first high‐altitude area of contact for predominantly southwesterly winds transporting dust from the southern Colorado Plateau. To capture variability in dust transport from the broader Colorado Plateau and dust deposition across a larger area of the Colorado River water sources, an additional study plot was established in 2009 on Grand Mesa, 150 km to the north of SBBSA in west central, CO. Here, we compare the 4‐year (2010–2013) dust source, deposition, and radiative forcing records at Grand Mesa Study Plot (GMSP) and Swamp Angel Study Plot (SASP), SBBSA's subalpine study plot. The study plots have similar site elevations/environments and differ mainly in the amount of dust deposited and ensuing impacts. At SASP, end of year dust concentrations ranged from 0.83 mg g−1 to 4.80 mg g−1, and daily mean spring dust radiative forcing ranged from 50–65 W m−2, advancing melt by 24–49 days. At GMSP, which received 1.0 mg g−1 less dust per season on average, spring radiative forcings of 32–50 W m−2 advanced melt by 15–30 days. Remote sensing imagery showed that observed dust events were frequently associated with dust emission from the southern Colorado Plateau. Dust from these sources generally passed south of GMSP, and back trajectory footprints modelled for observed dust events were commonly more westerly and northerly for GMSP relative to SASP. These factors suggest that although the southern Colorado Plateau contains important dust sources, dust contributions from other dust sources contribute to dust loading in this region, and likely account for the majority of dust loading at GMSP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present invention, amino pyrroline derivatives of the novel, their pharmacologically acceptable salts, and their use in the prevention and / or treatment of metabolic syndrome.


This focus paper gives a panorama of galvanically isolated power/data transfer systems. It starts from a review of state-of-the-art isolation technologies and describes most advanced system architectures. Among these, approaches capable of reducing the number of isolated links, while preserving power and data functionalities will be presented. Main research aims such as the improvement of the isolation rating, data rate, isolated power level and power efficiency, along with the isolator size and cost will be considered.


1. INTRODUCTION The Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (henceforth CFFC) is an experiment that was designed to take advantage of the zero gravity environment of the Spacelab to effect studies of rotating convection In a spherical shell with radial gravity. The radial gravity is possible because in the absence of the Imposed uniform gravitational acceleration that dominates the terrestrial laboratory, other forces that mimic buoyancy can be substituted. In the GFFC, a hemispherical shell of dielectric fluid is subject to a radial electric field. The resulting polarization forces are in the radial direction and directly proportional to the density of the dielectric fluid. Thus, a radially oriented buoyancy force is simulated in a manner that is exactly analogous to that occuring in planetary atmospheres and oceans. Unfortunately, however, this dielectric buoyancy or dielectric gravity is rather weak for applied fields that don't cause breakdown in the fluid. Thus it is necessary to conduct experiments using It in the zero-gravity environment. The uniform gravity of Earth, would, for example, completely dominate the motions in the GFFC, and these motions would not be good models for the geophysically interesting problems. The GFFC was designed to generate a dielectrtc gravity as


With the increase in construction scale and difficulty of large and complex bridges in China, it has become increasingly difficult to assess the safety risks of bridges during the construction period. Therefore, how to reasonably assess the safety risk of large, complex bridges during construction has become particularly important. Existing assessment methods are subjective in assigning weights, and it is difficult to select representative important factors to focus on for the prevention and control of numerous risk sources; they do not comprehensively consider the correlation of various risk sources during the construction period. To address the above shortcomings, a safety risk assessment of large and complex bridges during the construction period based on the Delphi-improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) factor analysis method is proposed in this paper. First, the Delphi method was used to conduct a general survey of safety risk factors during the bridge construction period, and then the work breakdown structure-risk substructure (WBS-RBS) was used to establish the evaluation index system. Second, the improved FAHP was combined with it to calculate the weight of each risk factor. Finally, the factor analysis method was used to determine the correlation degree of each risk factor, and representative factors were selected to express the risk degree of the object to be evaluated to screen out major risk factors in the construction process. Finally, the feasibility and practicality of the method are verified by combining an actual engineering case with AHP (analytic hierarchy process) to perform a comparative study, which provides a reference basis for subsequent bridge construction risk prevention.


A novel membrane bioreactor has been used for the treatment of an industrially produced wastewater arising in the manufacture of 3‐chloronitrobenzene. This wastewater is not amenable to direct biological treatment without some form pretreatment or dilution, due to the inorganic composition (pH <1, salt concentration 4% w/w) of the wastewater. In the membrane bioreactor, the organic pollutants are first separated from the wastewater by selective membrane permeation, and then biodegraded in the biological growth compartment of the bioreactor. At a wastewater flow rate of 64 mL h−1 (corresponding to a contact time of approximately 1.7 hours) over 99% of the 3‐chloronitrobenzene and over 99% of the nitrobenzene in the wastewater were degraded. Degradation of 3‐chloronitrobenzene was accompanied by evolution of chloride ions in a stoichiometric ratio. Both 3‐chloronitrobenzene and nitrobenzene degradation were accompanied by the evolution of carbon dioxide; approximately 80% of the carbon entering the system was oxidized to CO2 carbon. Analysis of mass transport across the membrane revealed that 3‐chloronitrobenzene and nitrobenzene are transported more rapidly than phenol. This is explained in terms of a resistances‐in‐series model, which shows phenol transfer to be rate limited by the membrane diffusion step, whereas the chloronitrobenzene and nitrobenzene transfer are rate limited by the liquid film mass transfer. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.


I introduce new Langlands duality conjectures concerning skein modules of 3-manifolds, which we have made recently with David Ben-Zvi, Sam Gunningham, and Pavel Safronov. I recount some historical motivation and some recent special cases where the conjecture is confirmed. The proofs in these cases combine the representation theory of double affine Hecke algebras and a new 1-form symmetry structure on skein modules related to electric-magnetic duality. This note is an expansion of my talk given at String Math 2022 in Warsaw, and is submitted to the String Math 2022 Proceedings publication.


Fifteen years after the discovery of superconductivity at high temperature in copper oxides, this field of investigation remains very attractive and very promising for numerous applications as well as for high currents and for electronics. A short presentation of the structural and superconducting properties of the layered cuprates is drawn. The recent progresses concerning the optimization of these materials especially from the viewpoint of enhancement of critical current density of the ceramics are described. The developments and potentiality of thin film deposition for the optimization and realization of new frameworks are presented. The future for the discovery of new superconductors, other than copper oxides, is also discussed.


Exoplanet characterisation is a challenging task. In addition to the uncertainty in the observed planets' fundamental parameters, theoretical models are limited due to the degeneracy in determining the planetary composition. We employ a full probabilistic Bayesian inference analysis in order to quantify the degeneracy of the planetary structural parameters for a large parameter space. Using this analysis, we identify what constraints can be placed on the planetary composition and internal structure, and show how the inferred structure depends on the observed mass, radius, and their uncertainties. We also study the demographics of transiting planets with masses < 100 M_Earth, using an updated exoplanet catalog built on accurate and reliable mass and radius measurements. We propose a new empirical M-R relation based on these data, and identify trends in the M-R relation of exoplanets. Since observational uncertainties are decreasing rapidly, the theoretical uncertainty (i.e., model assumptions) could become comparable to the observational one. We therefore also explore how various model assumptions affect the inferred M-R relation. EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-633-2, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license.


We obtained high-quality InGaAsN quantum wells (QWs) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Our InGaAsN QWs showed low threshold current densities and high-temperature characteristics (550 A/cm2, 150 K at 1275 nm for 3QWs) in broad-area lasers. High output power (2.8 mW at 1280 nm) was also obtained from the room-temperature continuous operation of InGaAsN 3QW vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. We revealed the first solid evidence that unexpected Al incorporation (Al contamination) occurred in InGaAsN QWs continuously grown on GaAs/AlGaAs structures by MOCVD. Our results suggest that Al contamination leads to a rough surface and low photoluminescence intensity of the InGaAsN QWs. By minimizing Al contamination, high-quality InGaAsN QWs were obtained. Al contamination in InGaAsN QWs should be carefully considered in the MOCVD growth of InGaAsN-based devices.


Survivin is a member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP) family. It plays a critical biological role in many aspects including inhibiting apoptosis, regulating cell cycle and angiogenesis. Overexpression of Survivin exists in a variety of tumors, which is associated with the poor prognosis and drug resistance. As a potential target for cancer treatment, the small-molecule inhibitors of Survivin is becoming the hot point. This review provides a brief overview about Survivin structure, function, distribution in tumor, and a summary of the current progress of small-molecule inhibitors targeting Survivin.


Under the action of random exciting displacement, the response of a simple pendulum with large displacement was studied in this paper by means of nonlinear spectral analysis. It is not necessary to have the nonlinear term linearized in this method, so that the errors introduced by linearization can be eliminated. The study indicates that the linearized solution gives reasonable approximation when the displacement being small. When the displacement becomes large enough, the errors introduced by linearization increase significantly. Therefore, the nonlinear effect due to large displacement should be taken into consideration.


Objective To study the interference action of self-made kangnaoye(from traditional Chinese herbal medicine) on pia mater microcirculalion after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats.Methods The revised method described by Bannister was adopted to establish the experimental model of rats common cartoid arteries ischemia and reperfusion injury.Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the two groups: kangnaoye treatment group and model control group.The rats in kangnaoye group were intubated orally with 2 ml kangnaoye once daily for 18d,the kangnaoye replaced by the equivalent volume of normal saline(NS) in model group.For recording of microcirculalion images in pia mater,skull windows were performed to investigate the internal diameter of pia mater micro-vessels(A_(1),A_(2),V_(1),V_(2)),micro-blood flow condition and capillary intersections by using a vital microscope with TV recorder before and after making model .The analysis of blood flow condition by Tian's multiple score method was used.Results 1.The distubance of the pia mater micro-blood flow condition was improved.The micro-blood flow speed was very fast before making model,there was no difference between the two groups(P0.05).The micro-blood flow speed slowed(P0.01) and the red cell aggregated after making model,but the kangnaoye group was obviously lighter than that of model group both at ischemia and reperfusion stages(P0.05-0.01).2.The effect of diameter contraction ofpia mater microvessels caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was antagonized(P0.05-0.01).The diameter of pia mater arterioles during ischemia 15-30 min and reperfusion 15-120 min,venules at ischemia 15 min significantly contracted in model group,but they were not changed during experiment in kangnaoye group(P0.05).3.The capillary intersections were increased.The blood flow in arterioles decreased and many capillaries closed in model group,but the capillary intersections in kangnaoye group were more than those in model group(P0.05-0.01).Conclusion Kangnaoye could markedly improve the pia mater microcirculalion and had a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.


Turbine inlet temperature is reaching values far above acceptable material temperatures. Thus the thermally highly loaded components have to be cooled intensively. One of the most thermally loaded components is the over-tip casing. In recent years research on heat transfer at the over-tip casing received a big boost by availability of faster and more accurate measurement techniques. So far the investigations are limited to design condition, no information is available at off-design conditions. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the major phenomena governing heat transfer in the over-tip casing region, including the influence of different operating conditions. Using an HP-turbine at different flow conditions, extended measurements were performed at DLR's wind tunnel for Rotating Cascades (RGG), Gottingen, including the flow field in the tip gap and close to the over-tip casing. The Nusselt correlation for a flat plate was investigated for it's applicability to the over-tip casing. The influence of the incidence angle on the heat transfer levels at the upstream part of the over-tip casing is investigated. Also the influence of the rotational speed on tip-leakage flow and casing heat transfer will be discussed. These results are compared to flat plate heat transfer correlations for design and off-design conditions.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


A novel compact wideband high‐rejection LPF using H‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS) elements is presented. The performance of the new H‐DGS was analyzed together with its effect on the filter performance. A wide rejection band and steep transition region was obtained. The filter was fabricated and the measurement and simulation results showed good agreement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 771–775, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23189


In analogy to classical spherical t-design points, we introduce the concept of t-design curves on the sphere. This means that the line integral along a t-design curve integrates polynomials of degree t exactly. For low degrees we construct explicit examples. We also derive lower asymptotic bounds on the lengths of t-design curves. Our main results prove the existence of asymptotically optimal t-design curves in the Euclidean 2-sphere and the existence of t-design curves in the d-sphere.


Zhang reflects upon scholarship on Chinese cinema, a field he has been engaged with for over a decade. He revisits the thorny issue of what constitutes "Chinese cinema" and points out the insufficiency in defining it by privileging the linguistic over the national, in terms such as "Chinese-language cinema" or "Sinophone cinema." Zhang moves his focus from the definition to a more productive approach to Chinese cinema. In terms of discipline, he prefers comparative films studies to transnational film studies because "comparative studies is more likely to capture the multidirectionality" (p. 31) and the connotation of the national in transnationalism is unsettled (p. 40). Within the comparative paradigm, Zhang differentiates the framework of comparative film studies from comparative literature. In particular, he notes that comparative film studies moves beyond the nation-state model, disavows the elitism in comparative literature, and encompasses influences, parallels, interrelations and cross-fertilization between disciplines, media and technologies (p. 33). Shifting the paradigm beyond the national, Zhang is able to open up underdeveloped and obscure sectors in Chinese cinema studies. He attentively sheds light on marginality in Chinese cinema, while attending to its centralized counterpart; for example, independent versus institutional film making, audience versus auteur in film research, Beijing versus Shanghai in polylocality, documentarists' collective versus individual articulation of subjectivity, performativity versus objectivity. Zhang's demystification of the claim by notable sixth-generation directors – "my camera does not lie" – is remarkable. He keenly identifies what lies behind this collective claim by distinguishing the actual truth from what the film makers perceive as truth. Zhang's book illustrates the productiveness of space as a conceptual and thematic term in contemporary Chinese cinema in particular and cinema studies in general. The treatment of space as a critical term, however, is uneven across chapters. Zhang's preference for the prefix of "multi" and "poly" over "trans" implies the heterogeneity inherent in Chinese cinema in the global age including the capital, politics, aesthetics, consumption and discourse. It also shows his open-mindedness and inclusiveness in considering his research object. Zhang gives the nature of the subject equal importance regardless of the amount of invested capital or size of box office returns, whether elite or plebian in content, by famed or obscure director, distributed legally or otherwise. For this reader, it is arguable whether parody, either through intertexuality or intercontexuality, should be considered as a form of piracy. The concept of piracy seems to be expanded so broad as to leading to a limitless tolerance of the alternative in film circulation, distribution, making and remaking. Finally, still shots that illustrate issues under discussion would be better than the DVD covers or posters of such films that are used here.


We describe a computer-generated film which shows an expanding wavefront as seen from a coordinate frame relative to which the source moves with constant velocity. An expression for the wavefront as a function of time is derived, and features of it are discussed in terms of the relativistic laws for the addition of velocities. Sample stills from the film are presented and used in discussing the shape of the wavefront, the velocity of the center of the wavefront, and the headlight effect, all as functions of the signal velocity and the velocity of the source.


It is known that the level of ATP in the interstitial spaces within the heart during ischaemia or hypoxia is elevated due to its release from a number of cell types, including cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanism by which ATP is released from these myocytes is not known. In this study, we examined a possible involvement of the ATP‐conductive maxi‐anion channel in ATP release from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in primary culture upon ischaemic, hypoxic or hypotonic stimulation. Using a luciferin–luciferase assay, it was found that ATP was released into the bulk solution when the cells were subjected to chemical ischaemia, hypoxia or hypotonic stress. The swelling‐induced ATP release was inhibited by the carboxylate‐ and stilbene‐derivative anion channel blockers, arachidonic acid and Gd3+, but not by glibenclamide. The local concentration of ATP released near the cell surface of a single cardiomyocyte, measured by a biosensor technique, was found to exceed the micromolar level. Patch‐clamp studies showed that ischaemia, hypoxia or hypotonic stimulation induced the activation of single‐channel events with a large unitary conductance (∼390 pS). The channel was selective to anions and showed significant permeability to ATP4‐ (PATP/PCl∼ 0.1) and MgATP2‐ (PATP/PCl∼ 0.16). The channel activity exhibited pharmacological properties essentially identical to those of ATP release. These results indicate that neonatal rat cardiomyocytes respond to ischaemia, hypoxia or hypotonic stimulation with ATP release via maxi‐anion channels.


The goal of the paper is to verify Hörmander's strongly coprime condition for two Bessel functions (of the first kind), adjusted not to vanish at zero, whose indices have a certain relationship. These Bessel functions, and , must have indices which differ by a positive integer, i.e., , and the index . As a consequence of satisfying Hörmander's condition, these two functions are then known to generate (algebraically) the space of Fourier transforms of the space , by means of writing The results are also applied to radial functions in R n .


Addresses two important issues in generating spoken language within a multimedia system: the design of a speech generator to facilitate coordination between media, and extensions to the functionality of a written-language generation system to produce natural speech output. We demonstrate how a speech generator can produce information that allows for temporal coordination between multiple media. We describe how our speech generator takes advantage of rich and accurate syntactic and semantic information during text planning and speech realization. This enables the system to accurately predict, generate and utilize prosodic features to facilitate the coordination of speech with graphical actions such as highlighting.


Tax policy should promote not only economic growth but also the well-being of citizens. Otherwise, the problem of economic growth will arise again. This issue is relevant for many low-income countries. The governments of such countries can achieve some GDP growth and stabilize public finances. However, if such growth is accompanied by impoverishment of the population that is unable to meet the corresponding consumer demand, it leads to GDP fall and lack of financial resources. We seek to find out how the tax burden and tax structure affect economic growth and welfare in Ukraine taking into account international experience. For this purpose, we analyze the correlation between the tax burden and GDP and based on the method of chain substitutions reveal the impact of the compensation of employees (salaries), taxes and gross surplus on GDP growth and confirm our main hypothesis that the tax burden increase does not lead to GDP reduction in Ukraine. There is a direct connection between the tax burden and GDP in Ukraine. The GDP decreases with a lowering in the tax burden and, accordingly, grows with its increase. Such correlation complicates the decision-making on further improvement of the tax system of Ukraine to realize the purpose of sustainable economic grows. On the one hand, in comparison with other countries the tax burden in Ukraine is not much higher, but it is criticized by the business. On the other hand, the Ukrainian Government has a permanent problem which is a lack of necessary resources for funding public expenditures. Therefore, when making decisions, the impact of certain types of taxes and changes in the tax structure should be taken into account. The study showed that the corporate income tax rates reduction had a positive effect on investment dynamics, and excise taxes increase has led to the reduction of legal production and increase of shadow sector. VAT (20%) has a neutral effect on GDP growth in Ukraine, while the introduction of 7% VAT on medicines has led to an increase in prices and changed the structure of consumption towards the low-priced goods. The changes (increase) in personal income taxation have reduced consumer demand and hampered GDP growth and welfare. The authors give the recommendations regarding changes in the tax policy of Ukraine based at own empirical findings and with regard to the current institutional peculiarities of Ukraine.


Cyclohexylmethyl substituted derivatives of general formula I wherein R1 is alkyl C1-C8, in each case branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; aryl or heteroaryl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; cycloalkyl C3-10 saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; one aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-4 alkyl chain, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; (CH2) Mchn-OH, (CH2) NNR 6 R 7 or (CH2) nOR 8, n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3 and m 0, 1 or 2; or represents a group C (O) OR 9 or CONR 10 R 11 attached via a C1-3 alkyl group which may be saturated or unsaturated; R 2 means H or OH; or R1 and R2 together represent or = N-OH; R 3 signifies aryl or heteroaryl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or represents an aryl radical bonded via a C1-3 alkyl group which may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted; R 4 and R 5 independently of one another represent H; C1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted meaning no R 4 and R 5 simultaneously H, or the radicals R 4 and R 5 together are CH2CH2OCH2CH2, or (CH2) 3-6; R 6 is H; C1-8 alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; aryl, heteroaryl or C3-10 cycloalkyl, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or an aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-4 alkyl chain, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; R 7 means H; C1-8 alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; aryl, heteroaryl or C3-10 cycloalkyl, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or an aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-4 alkyl chain, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; C (O) NR 10 R 11, C (S) NR 10 R 11 SO 2 R 12 or C (O) R 13; R 8 means H; C1-8 alkyl, in each case branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; C3-10 cycloalkyl, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; one aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-4 alkyl chain, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; R 9 is H; C1-8 alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; R 10 and R 11 independently of one another represent H; C3-10 cycloalkyl, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; aryl or heteroaryl, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or an aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-4 alkyl chain, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; R 12 means aryl or heteroaryl, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; C1-8 alkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; C3-10 cycloalkyl, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or an aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-3 alkyl chain, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; R13 means C1-8 alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; C3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or an aryl or heteroaryl radical bonded via a C1-4 alkyl chain, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted, the alkyl chain may be branched or unbranched, and unsubstituted or substituted be a or polysubstituted; as the racemate; enantiomer, diastereomer, mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers or an individual enantiomer or diastereomer; the bases and / or salts physiologically acceptable acid.


An extended free fermionic construction of the internal N=1 worldsheet supercurrent for four-dimensional superstring theory is given. We show how it can describe theories with massless fermions, and we discuss the corresponding N=2 superconformal algebra. As an intermediate step, we show that an internal N=2 global superconformal invariance occurs in any superstring theory with massless fermions at tree level. To demonstrate this fact, we give the N=2 supercurrents for a model with N=1 spacetime supersymmetry and a model without spacetime supersymmetry.


Objective: To investigate the effect of porosity on the mechanical properties of dental glass-ceramic. Methods:The porosity of dental glass ceramic was analysed by image manipulation device. The control group was free of pore. Themechanical properties were measured, including flexural strength, elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness. Results:The flexural strength and elastic modulus of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the control group.The mechanical properties decreased linearly with the increase of porosity. The indentation technique was unfit forinvestigating the relationship between porosity and hardness fracture toughness. Conclusion: Pore was importantfactor affecting the mechanical properties of dental glass ceramic.


Russia's annexation of Crimea and its actions in eastern Ukraine have led to a fundamental shift in Europe's security environment. Jonathan Eyal argues that NATO will have to find a way to reassure its Eastern European members without repudiating existing structures for co-operation with Russia.


Since there is disagreement with regard to a single definition of energy in the literature, knowing how a discipline introduces energy, because of the direct effects of teaching conditions on students' learning, maintains its importance. From this point of view, the objective of this research is to determine the teaching conditions with regard to energy of a discipline in a university in Turkey. In order to achieve this, an institutional analysis was conducted based on the Praxeological Approach. Several important results were obtained from the study such as the fact that the teaching of energy processes at the year 1 level in a Turkish University is performed from a restricted perspective, using an operational approach. The results of this study emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary approach and multiple representations, including conceptual activities as a means of introducing energy concepts. As a general recommendation, it is also recommended that the analysis of the interaction between teaching and learning conditions may be useful for the development of a new approach with regard to energy concepts. Keywords: Energy; Characteristics of Teaching; Praxeological Approach.


Published the 2nd issue of the 6th volume (Jul-Dec 2013) of our international bilingual English & Spanish journal, totally open access free of charge for everyone in all the processes & peer reviewed journal (reviewed by 32 experts from 19 countries of the 5 continents): Library andn Information Science Critique (aka: LIS Critique): Journal of the Sciences of Information Recorded in Documents. We are about to enter our 6 anniversary in 2014 and counting. Ten issues fully edited by Zapopan Muela (Founder, Director & Editor-in-Chief) since its foundation on May 31st, 2008 and counting. The deadline extended for the Vol. 7 No. 1 (Jan-June 2014) is August 15, 2014. Thank you for reading us, may you send your manuscripts for the next issue as well (we accept articles, essays, & book reviews). And many thanks to E-LIS for making possible to host our journal as a permanent archive.


This chapter examines low levels of terrorist violence in Muslim-majority societies. Studies of terrorism have tended to view the relationship between religion and violence through the narrow lens of security, thereby overpredicting the extent of terrorist violence across societies. After reviewing the various explanations for terrorist violence, and applying them to Central Asia, this chapter explores the conditions under which a state's involvement in illicit economies—specifically its collusion in the drug trade—can dampen levels of terrorist violence. Combining quantitative analysis (including GIS-enabled tools) with a series of in-depth expert interviews conducted in Central Asia, it emphasizes the complex political economy of security that defines infrastructurally weak states, where political and security apparatuses are often immersed in informal and illicit economies. This approach helps uncover the complex links between religion and organized violence, where state apparatuses are often drawn into collaborative relationships with nonstate actors.


This study is to examine the effect of diltiazem and esmolol on the electrophysiological characteristic of atrial muscles and evaluate their effects on the recovery of action potential after rapid stimulation.Method:Using standard microelectrode technique to record action potentials in atrial muscle of guinea pigs during three different pacing rate(500,1 000,1 500 ms) before and after 1.1,3.3μmol/L diltiazem and 4,12 μmol/L esmolol infusion.Then 150 ms rapid stimulation was given for 20 minutes and the recovery course of 5 groups were recorded also.Action potential duration(APD),effective refractory period(ERP),action potential amplitude(APA) and resting membrane potential(RMP) were measured.Results:Diltiazem and esmolol had no major electrophysiological effects on the atrial myocardium.After rapid stimulation,APD 90 and ERP recoverd in the fourth minute in control group but in the second minute in 3.3 μmol/L diatiazem group and 12 μmol/L esmolol group.The two drugs accelerated the recovery of shortened ERP and APD after short term tachycardia.Conclusion:Calcium overload is one of the mechanisms of electrical remodeling.Calcium antagonism and β blocker can attenuate the electrical remodeling of short term tachycardia.


Mobile applications and Internet-based platforms continuously foster the rise of the sharing economy business model that can nowadays be found in various industries. In this paper, we focus on potential customers in the ridesharing industry. We use the setting of 'BlaBlaCar', a popular ridesharing platform, to investigate the implications of 'trust' and 'distrust' on the users' intention to engage in a sharing encounter. In particular, we extend the research model by Mittendorf (2017) which investigates the influence of trust and risk in the sharing economy. In this regard, we differentiate between the platform and the sharing partners, while incorporating both trust and distrust. Our study employs survey data (n = 238) and structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our results provide empirical evidence that trust and distrust have unequal effects on the respective user intention, which contributes to the understanding of two-sided market platforms. Academic and practical implications are discussed.


South Asia's groundwater economy stands at the threshold of a revolution in adoption of solar irrigation pumps (SIPs). This has potential to unlock the region's perverse energy-groundwater nexus. In much of South Asia, the price of energy used in irrigation, the only surrogate for water price, fails to signal the abundance or scarcity of groundwater, resulting in myriad distortions. We analyse these in South Asia's eight distinct energy-groundwater interaction settings. We then explore SIP promotion policies to ease pressure on scarce groundwater in South Asia's 'groundwater depletion zone' and accelerate groundwater irrigation for poverty reduction in its 'groundwater abundance zone'.


[1] Near-global analysis of 183 GHz measurements from the NOAA-15 advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) B was conducted to investigate the impact of cold (< 240 K at 11 μm) clouds on upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) observations and in assessing the potential for deriving cloud microphysical properties. Collocated advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data aided in identifying clouds and isolating the ice-cloud-scattering effect. This effect was determined by subtracting the measured AMSU-B brightness temperature (Tb) from a background Tb estimated using AVHRR-derived cloud optical depth data. Results for December 1999 over land and ocean show that nonprecipitating cold clouds have a measurable impact on 183 GHz Tbs although the average effect is rather weak (1.4 K). Cold clouds associated with precipitation had a much larger average effect (7 K); therefore only for these types of clouds is there sufficient information for potential quantitative estimation of cloud/precipitation physical properties. Nonprecipitating cold clouds bias estimates of UTH, on average, by 5% but can reach 20% for optically thick clouds. Precipitating clouds produce an 18% average bias. On the basis of these results it is recommended that UTH retrievals undergo filtering for precipitation (using combined microwave and infrared window channels) as well as for optically thick nonprecipitating cold clouds that fill a sensor's field of view, which may be screened using infrared split window techniques.


ABSTRACT A new impregnation method was tested in this study. Without a stabilizing agent, silver and copper metallic compounds were directly impregnated on activated carbon using vacuum impregnation followed by drying at 100°C and vacuum impregnation followed by thermal decomposition at 350°C in an ambient atmosphere. The effect of thermal decomposition on the structural, morphological, and textural characteristics of the modified nanomaterials was analysed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray, and transmission electron microscopy. The characteristics of the produced materials were not altered. Silver and CuO nanoparticles were identified in the samples with average diameters ranging from 33.3–36.8 nm and 29.0–33.3 nm, respectively. The materials were tested for their antibacterial capacity and for their potential to leach Ag and Cu into water, thus analysing the effect of the thermal decomposition process on the impregnation process. The vacuum impregnation process followed by thermal decomposition produced the best results, with the resultant material reducing bacterial abundance by 5.31–6.61 log and leaching only low concentrations of metals into the water (Ag – 0.010–0.025 mg L−1 and Cu – 0.270–0.361 mg L−1). Samples produced without the thermal decomposition step reached bacterial reductions of 1.86–1.97 log and yielded higher concentrations of metals in the water (Ag – 0.051–0.086 mg L−1 and Cu – 0.819–0.894 mg L−1). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The world is witnessing a rather dire situation in terms of the spread of the coronavirus, however in the second half of January 2021 positive trends were evident: many hard hit by the coronavirus countries have demonstrated either stabilization or gradual decline in the recorded daily new cases. Granting restrictive measures being in place (in particular, in the EU) and the launch of mass vaccination, these trends can get momentum further down the line.


Objectives: Background: Hypothyroidism (both subclinical and overt) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. About 3% hypertensive patients found to have hypothyroidism during the routine investigations. Objectives: To assess the effect of thyroid hormone replacement on the level of blood pressure in the cases of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: Patients above the age of 15 years admitted to various wards (Indoor) or attending Endocrinology OPD at teriatary care health centre of north India were enrolled during the period of one year. The cases were divided into two groups, normotensive and hypertensive. Cases with subclinical hypothyroidism after evaluation were prescribed thyroxine replacement therapy to achieve euthyroid function. Each group followed periodically at 1 ½, 03 and 06 month with measurement of blood pressure and serum TSH, T3 and T4 level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in cases of subclinical hypothyroidism in this study was 33.4 per 100 populations. There was no correlation between serum TSH level and blood pressure level in hypertensive group (p > 0.05). In hypertensive group mean fall in blood pressure after thyroxine replacement therapy was systolic blood pressure 20.10 ± 11.2 diastolic blood pressure 13.16 ± 3.8 and in mean arterial pressure 15.2 ± 4.7. With replacement of thyroxine hormone, the blood pressure was normalized in 47.4% (45 out of 95 cases) cases with elevated blood pressure. Conclusion: The effect of thyroxine replacement therapy in cases of hypertension with subclinical hypothyroidism on blood pressure was significant reduction in blood pressure after achieving normal thyroid function.


It is well known that quantum dot-sensitized solar cells based on nanostructured
semiconductor films are considered as a promising alternative to silicon-based solar cells. The
aim of this paper is to investigate the structural and morphological properties of CdS/CdSe quantum
dot sensitized photoanodes based on nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films considering their performance
can reach an efficiency of 2.7%.

 TiO2 thin films were prepared on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) glass via the chemical route
using commercial Degussa 25 and crystallized at 550°C. Furthermore, a layer of CdS and CdSe
nanoparticles was deposited on the titania film by a sequence of successive ionic layer adsorption
and reaction (SILAR) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods. After preparation, samples were
analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
and Raman spectroscopy for their structural properties and composition. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate their surface morphology, while energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometry (EDS) was used to analyze the sample stoichiometry.

 The structural properties and morphology of quantum dot sensitized photoanodes revealed
that the titania thin films were highly crystalline belonging predominantly in the tetragonalanatase
structure, while the CdS/CdS quantum dots were in the cubic phase. Furthermore, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) along with energy dispersive X-Ray mapping EDS showed little contamination.

 Combined analysis suggests that our preparation route leads to highly crystalline,
stoichiometric photoanodes. This plays an important role in the performance of the quantum dot
sensitized solar cells.


The linear regressive model with multiple objectives was built by taking the basal diameter and the seedling height as evaluation indexes to analyze the impact of 12 influencing factors on the growth of Pinus densata seedlings in the cause of forest gap regeneration.The 12 influencing factors were chosen from five aspects,i.e.,the site environmental factors where the seedlings grew,the influence of the trees growing around the forest gap on the seedling growth,the impact of forest litter,the shrub effect and the feature of the gaps.The results showed that the model fitted well,and it could solve the study problem reasonably.In the progress of P.densata seedling regeneration,the age of the forest gap formed was the most influential factor,whereas the altitude was a very important influencing factor upon the basal diameter and height growth of the seedlings.Seven factors,which included the gradient,slope position,coverage and thickness of forest litter,shrub coverage and the average height of the shrub storey,and the distance between P.densata seedlings and the nearest bordering trees,were the major factors affecting the growth of seedling basal diameter in the forest gaps.The height of the nearest bordering trees laid important affect on the height growth of the seedlings.


An emerging body of research in international business examines firm response to challenging environments involving disasters, conflict and crime. This work has two salient characteristics: (a) a f...


Thiourea dioxide in water was found to be an efficient and reusable organocatalytic system for the one-pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives via the Hantzsch-type coupling of aldehyde, di...


mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;113:318–27. 6. Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Maeda LS, Advani R, Chen CC, Hessler J, et al. Dose-adjusted EPOCH-rituximab therapy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1408–16. 7. Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, Somers R, Van der Lelie H, Bron D, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1540–5. 8. Zinzani PL, Ribrag V, Moskowitz CH, Michot JM, Kuruvilla J, Balakumaran A, et al. Safety and tolerability of pembrolizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2017;130:267–70. 9. Zinzani PL, Santoro A, Gritti G, Brice P, Barr PM, Kuruvilla J, et al. Nivolumab Combined With Brentuximab Vedotin for Relapsed/ Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Efficacy and Safety From the Phase II CheckMate 436 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:3081–9. 10. Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Jacobson CA, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO, et al. Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1–2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:31–42. 11. Neelapu SS, Jacobson CA, Oluwole OO, Munoz J, Deol A, Miklos D, et al. Outcomes of older patients in ZUMA-1, a pivotal study of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.1182/blood.2019004162 [Epub ahead of print]. 12. Maude SL, Frey N, Shaw PA, Aplenc R, Barrett DM, Bunin NJ, et al. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1507–17. 13. Herrera AF, Chen L, Khajavian S, Chase M, Darrah J, Maloney D, et al. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Provides Durable Remission in Patients with Primary Mediastinal Large B Cell Lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25:2383–7. 14. Shadman M, Gauthier J, Hay KA, Voutsinas JM, Milano F, Li A, et al. Safety of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant in adults after CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. Blood Adv. 2019;3:3062–9. 15. Meignan M, Gallamini A, Haioun C. Report on the First International Workshop on Interim-PET-Scan in Lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50:1257–60.


Recently an emerging area that focuses on mining data across domains is Cross Domain Similarity Mining and analogical reasoning for data analysis. Geospatial domain is highly interdisciplinary with methods that incorporate multiple other domains; this research focuses on analogy reasoning using geo-ontology matching. Here a framework is proposed for analogy reasoning. Using an example of road networks, it is explained how analogy can be formulated and transferable and learnable patterns are generated.


We evaluated the combined effect of decreasing the temperature to a mild hypothermia range (34 and 31oC) and switching to a slowly metabolizable carbon source (glucose substituted by galactose) on the growth and production of a recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rh-tPA) by Chinese hamster ovary cells in batch and semi-perfusion cultures. In batch cultures using glucose as a carbon source, decreasing the temperature caused a reduction in cell growth and an increase in specific productivity of rh-tPA of 32% at 34oC and 55% at 31oC, compared to cultures at 37oC. Similar behaviour was observed in cultures at 34oC using galactose as a carbon source. Nonetheless, at 31oC, the specific productivity of rh-tPA strongly decreased (about 58%) compared to the culture at 37oC. In semi-perfusion culture, the highest rh-tPA specific productivity was obtained at 34oC. Similarly, whether a decrease in the temperature is accompanied of the replacement of glucose by galactose, the rh-tPA specific productivity improved about 112% over that obtained in semi-perfusion culture carried out at 37oC with glucose as the carbon source. A semi-perfusion culture strategy was implemented based on the combined effect of the chosen carbon source and low temperatures, which was a useful approach for enhance the specific productivity of the recombinant protein.


In the framework of the JT‐60SA project, TF coils design activities have led to the development of TEXTO (Thermo‐hydraulic EXtended TOol), a dedicated simulation tool centred on the GANDALF code for calculating the temperature margin (ΔTma) central criterion. From a first version providing conservative results, this tool has been upgraded to a pseudo 3D model by integrating a 1D thermo‐hydraulic approach in ANSYS, leading to an additional and independent module named TACOS (Thermo‐hydraulic Ansys COmputation Semi 3D).By providing He temperature in conductors, TACOS is well adapted for evaluating the impact of TF coils design choices in the framework of cost and feasibility optimization. TACOS also provides more accurate values of transverse heat flux from case to conductors, which can then be injected into TEXTO and allow the calculation of the temperature margin, thanks to the functionalities of GANDALF.Several validation calculations have been performed for the reference operation scenario, by compariso...


In order to investigate variety-specific reflected by peanut from different origin, we use a scanner to capture the images of the same species (Huayu 22) from three different regions, Each variety includes one front and two side images of 100 peanuts respectively. For each image, we have acquired 50 characteristics including shape, color and texture characteristics. We built artificial neural network model for identification based on these characteristics and those optimized by PCA, Result shows that for different species origin the maximal detectable rate reaches 100%. Methods and conclusions of this paper have positive significance to the DUS testing of peanut.


Network congestion in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) leads to packet drops, throughput reduction and degradation of channel quality which in turn decrease network performance. A novel cross-layer congestion control strategy for WSNs is presented. The strategy performs the bandwidth and delay estimation in MAC layer for the current link, and feedbacks them to the transport layer through the cross-layer interaction mechanism. The transport layer of source nodes adjusts the congestion window and slow start threshold based on the received information of path bandwidth and delay and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), for mitigating network congestion. The simulation results show that the strategy can improve the utilization of network resources, reduce unnecessary packets retransmission, and significantly improve the performance of WSNs.


Studying the system of the non-Hermitian (NH) generalized parametric oscillator, we use the Wei–Norman factorization method, as well as the biorthonormal basis formalism, in order to initiate a complex probability density. Generalizing the usual Yuen procedure for the calculation of the variances Δq, Δp in terms of the complex probability density, we obtain a reduction in the position and an increase in the momentum uncertainty, in discrete time intervals. In the framework of the macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) effect, such a suppression of the matter wavepacket spreading provides a mechanism to localize a quantum particle, and is responsible for its behavior as a macroscopic state, inhibiting the tunneling process. Applications of squeezed matter wavepackets can be found in the control of excited-state chemical reactions, in MQT for Josephson junctions, and in the tunneling of trapped atoms in optical crystals.


Conversion of socialistic economic structure is the only historical experiment cannot be explained with the theories of exiating economic structure. A successful converstion of the structure mens the effective introduction of privatization, marketbility and d ecentralization. This study investigates and analyzes the problems found in the process of converstion of conversion of structure through the limitation of the theories of existing economic structure and the discussion of the scholars who are relate to the conversion of the economic structure. Consequently, the facts which are available for establishing the future theory of the conversion of economic structure are found, b ut most of the scholars restrict the object of research within their own areas. In other words, the obvious opinions about individual items are suggested, but the theoretical system is not established. It is too early to evaluate the entire process of the conversion of socialistic economic structure. Therefore, the extensive research of the wide area from long-term viewpoint will be a great help to achieve this goal. Then the problems treated in this study will be pointed out. The experiences of the nations that converted their system are referred to the instructive cases and the systematic analysis of the conversion of structure can offer the politic suggestion requirid for the converstion of North Korea's system which will be raised as one of the most important matters when the economec structures of both Koreas are integrated. Accordingly, the method which can establish the general theory of the above stages through the systematic research and develop it to the rational and systematic theory of the conversion of structure should be devised.


In this paper, we describe the K-forms of 2-step splitting trivectors of rank 8 where K is any field of characteristic other than 2 and 3 . Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 05C38, 15A15; Secondary 05A15, 15A18


We report 2 cases of adult silent coeliac disease (CD) presenting with arthritis of a knee and a sacro-iliac joint, respectively. In both patients the arthritis was relieved on a gluten free diet. The literature on arthritis in adult CD is reviewed.


The observation of biphasic Bronsted plots (β1ca. 0.7 and β2ca. 0) in the aminolysis (alicyclic amines, pyridines) of 4-nitrophenyl N-benzylsulfamate 1a in MeCN is interpreted as being due to a mechanistic change from (ElcB)irrev to (ElcB)rev; the change in rate-determining step occurs at approximately the pKa of 1a and other more basic substrates give straight line plots; an entropy study supports the change from a bimolecular to a unimolecular mechanism.


HeinOnline's State Constitutions Illustrated database contains historical and current constitutions for all fifty U.S. states. Law Journal Library Search Tips


Culturing islets can add great flexibility to a clinical islet transplant program. However, a reduction in the islet mass has been frequently observed during culture and its degree varies. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with a significant islet loss during culture. One‐hundred and four islet preparations cultured in an attempt to use for transplantation constituted this study. After culture for 20 h (median), islet yield significantly decreased from 363 309 ± 12 647 to 313 035 ± 10 862 islet equivalent yield (IE) (mean ± SE), accompanied by a reduction in packed tissue volume from 3.9 ± 0.1 to 3.0 ± 0.1 ml and islet index (IE/islet particle count) from 1.20 ± 0.04 to 1.05 ± 0.04. Culture did not markedly alter islet purity or percent of trapped islet. Morphology score and viability were significantly improved after culture. Of 104 islet preparations, 37 suffered a substantial islet loss (>20%) over culture. Factors significantly associated with risk of islet loss identified by univariate analysis were longer cold ischemia time, two‐layer method (TLM) preservation, lower islet purity, and higher islet index. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent predictors of islet loss were higher islet index and the use of TLM. This study provides novel information on the link between donor‐ isolation factors and islet loss during culture.


It is a field of great interest to develop therapies to rejuvenate photoaged skin. However, the treatment response can not be ideally determined due to lack of a reliable non-invasive method to quantify photoaging. In this study, the photoaging process of skin is investigated by use of a multiphoton fluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. We obtain the autofluorescence and second harmonic generation images of superficial dermis from facial skin of individuals of different ages. The results show that autofluorescence signals increase with age while second harmonic generation signals decrease with age. The results are consistent with the histological findings in which collagen is progressively replaced by elastic fibers. In the case of severe photoaging, solar elastosis can be clearly demonstrated by the presence of thick curvy autofluorescent materials in the superficial dermis. We propose a second harmonic generation to autofluorescence aging index of dermis to quantify the photoaging changes. This index is shown to be a good indicator of photoaging. Our results suggest that multiphoton fluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy can be developed into a non-invasive imaging modelity for the clinical evaluation of photoaging.