The study starts with the notion that the level of casino gambling addiction is be affected by various determinants including past experiences, demographic variables, personality traits, and social psychological factors. The level of gambling addiction makes different behavioral characteristics at the casino and which, in turn, leads various social problems. Based on the notion, the study classified casino users into two groups by the level of gambling addition. The purpose of the study is to find the differences in the two groups on the previous determinants. The results show that the persons in the group of high level of gambling addition have high levels of sensation-seeking, impulsivity, and cognitive biases, and more positive attitudes toward casino gambling but less controllability of gambling behavior than the persons in the group of low level of gambling addiction. The addicted group also shows statistical differences on the socio-demograhpic variables such as job and gender ratio, motives, and past experience of horse-racing and cycle-racing. The implication of the result also suggested.


Objective To evaluate the result of using A-T flap for repair of the face skin defects. Methods Since 1998, A-T flap has been used to repair skin defects of face following excision of nevus, scars, and basal cell carcinoma in 158 patients. During operation we resected tissue in round or ellipse shape and transformed it into triangle, then designed and formed a A-T flap near the defect, advanced skin from sides to middle and closed the defect. Results Flaps survived with primary healing, and the cosmetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion It is a simple, safe, and reliable method to use the A-T flap for repair of the face skin defects.


Frederic L. Lizzi was a pioneer in the fields of high‐frequency ultrasound and tissue characterization. This report details use of spectral parameter imaging of very‐high‐frequency radio frequency data for characterization of the cornea. The corneal stroma consists of broad 1–2‐micron‐thick belts (lamellae) embedded in a proteoglycan matrix. The lamellae consist of collagen fibrils 30 nm in diameter with center‐to‐center spacing of about 60 nm. Any disturbance to this orderly arrangement will result in loss of optical transparency. Parameter images representing the slope, intercept, and midband fit to the calibrated power spectrum were generated by post‐processing of radio frequency data of 35‐ and 70‐MHz scans of the cornea. Stromal backscatter was significantly higher at 70 MHz than at 35 MHz. In an uncomplicated LASIK‐treated cornea examined 6 years postsurgery, significant differences in backscatter between the stroma anterior versus posterior to the LASIK interface were observed. This may relate to a...


Cross-talk between T cells and macrophages regulates cancer cell PIM2 expression to promote cancer aggressiveness, revealing translational approaches to improve response to ICB in hepatocellular carcinoma.


The neutronic feasibility of typical Korean three-loop 900MWe class PWR core loaded with mixed oxide fuels for both annual and 18-month cycle strategies has been investigated as a means for spent fuel management. For this study, a method of determining equivalent plutonium content was developed under the equivalence concept which gives the same cycle length as uranium fuel. Optimal plutonium zoning within the MOX assembly was also designed with the aim of minimizing the peak md power. Conceptual core designs hate hen developed for equilibrium cycle with the following variations: annual and 18-month cycle, 1/3 and full MOX loading schemes, and typical and high moderation lattice. The analysis of key core physics parameters shows that in all cases considered satisfactory core designs seem to be feasible, though addition of control rod system and change in Technical Specification for soluble boron concentration are required for full MOX loading in order to meet the current design requirements.


The observation of a long-lived NeAr[sup 2+] molecular ion is reported. This ion was obtained by charge stripping of a 900-keV NeAr[sup +] beam in an Ar gas target, and its mean lifetime was determined to be 275[plus minus]25 nsec. This is a direct measurement of the mean lifetime of a doubly charged rare-gas dimer. The ion decay is decribed well by a single exponential decay, suggesting that only one metastable state is populated in the collision. The cross section for the NeAr[sup 2+] production was determined to be (3[plus minus]2)[times]10[sup [minus]18] cm[sup 2]. The existence of this weakly bound molecular ion and the fact that its mean lifetime is known can serve to motivate better theoretical calculations of molecular structure and the dissociation process.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we implemented a diagnostic system for vibration faults that occur on the PUMA helicopter gearbox. We used an approach based on the joint use of the Order Tracking signal analysis and the Genetic Algorithm. To achieve this goal, we first collected a database of vibration signals measured during periodic inspections. The available vibration signals are acquired under a time-varying operating conditions. Therefore, we used the Order Tracking method, which is more accurate in extracting faults features. This technique was performed by resampling the vibration data and then applying the Short Time Fourier Transform. To enable efficient and continuous monitoring of gearbox vibration faults from features, we used Genetic Algorithm to build a rules-based diagnostic model. Genetic operators have been adapted to the specificity of the problem to optimize the parameters of this model. This approach is successfully applied to the diagnosis of vibration defects of helicopter gearboxes. The results have been validated effectively with test data. The diagnostic model can therefore be implemented on helicopter computers to detect faults in flight or on the ground. This approach has been used for the first time in the field of helicopter gearbox vibration fault diagnosis.


Partial Label Learning (PLL) is a weakly supervised learning framework where each training instance is associated with more than one candidate label. This learning method is dedicated to finding out the true label for each training instance. Most of the current PLL algorithms directly disambiguate the candidate labels without correcting the disambiguated results, making the algorithms vulnerable to the influence of instances easily misjudged. In this paper, GraphDCN, an innovative disambiguation correction net with inductive graph representation learning model is proposed. GraphDCN consists of a disambiguation model and a correction model. For a given instance, the disambiguation model tries to fit its underlying ground-truth label through the candidate label distribution of the instances connected with the given one, while the correction model tries to maximize the distance between the disambiguated labels and non-candidate labels, and uses the label probability thresholds to correct the disambiguated labels that may be wrong. As the training goes on, both the disambiguation and correction models alternately and iteratively boost their performance. Moreover, when considering the implementation of the disambiguation model, a partial cross entropy formulation is proposed to estimate the ground-truth label loss by updating the ambiguity confidence matrix, which can be proved satisfying convergence in PLL. Simulation results reveal the overwhelming performance of GraphDCN.


The title compound has a C–H···O hydrogen bond-mediated trigonal network structure that leads to octupolar NLO behaviour in the solid state.


This paper analyzes the performance of encoding, decoding and CRC in downlink and uplink of UHF-RFID with Matlab, as well as how to avoid the collision caused by tags. We compare the experiment wave with the simulation wave and the result proves good communication performance. The solution of eliminating the noise wave in the downlink is proved to be effective. The work of simulation and analysis prepared solid foundation for hardware implementations.


We find strong evidence of time-series and cross-sectional momentum in the long-short returns of a comprehensive sample of anomalies. Strategies that exploit such persistence deliver significant abnormal returns that are robust to the stock momentum effect, cannot be explained by timevarying factor exposures, and are more pronounced when arbitrage capital is scarcer and market liquidity is lower. Our findings are inconsistent with the view that anomalies result from data mining. Although we cannot completely rule out risk-based explanations, our results are more consistent with behavioral explanations in which limits to arbitrage and slow-moving capital allow mispricing to persist.


To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Abe et all concerning single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) investigation of patients with motor neuron disease (MND). We had an interesting patient with classic MND who had selective lesions in the corticospinal tract on MRI and hypometabolism confined in the motor and motor association cortex on PET. We made a diagnosis of MND in a 42-year-old, right-handed woman. Neurologic examination showed severe upper motor neuron (UMN) signs with mild muscle weakness and atrophy. Cognitive function was normal. MRI and PET were performed within 10 months of the onset of symptoms. Brain T2-weighted image (1.5 T, TE = 2,200 msec, TR = 80 msec) revealed areas of hyperintensity from the subcortical frontal regions to the pons, along the corticospinal tract. PET, using ['sF]2-deoxy-~-glucose, disclosed decreased uptake in the left frontoparietal region, corresponding to the motor and motor association cortex (figure). There were no other lesions on MRI and PET. In follow-up, her bulbar symptoms further deteriorated and she became nonambulatory. She also developed respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic weakness 13 months after onset. The clinical features of our patient were early onset, severe UMN signs, and a rapid course. We speculate that the selective MRI and PET lesions in the corticospinal tract may be correlated with severe and rapid progression of UMN signs in MND without dementia. Abe et all suspected the correlation between frontal hypoperfusion of SPECT and dementia in MND. Are there correlations between severity of UMN signs and SPECT? MRI can obviously demonstrate white matter lesions expanding from frontal subcortical regions to the pons, along the corticospinal t r a ~ t , ~ . ~ whereas PET or SPECT shows cortical dysfunction in MND.'s5s6 Which neuroimaging technique can detect earlier abnormal changes in MND? MRI shows not only lesions in the corticospinal t ract but also precentral '(motor area) atrophy in some patients with MND, like primary lateral sclerosis.7 A third question is whether frontal hypoperfusion is correlated with precentral atrophy on MRI or autopsy. Further studies with combined neuroimaging analyses in the different stages and subsets of MND are required to understand the mechanisms of UMN involvement and dementia in this disease.


LEARNED FROM ANGSA FOR FUTURE SAMPLE RETURN MISSIONS. J. Gross1,2,3,4, C. Krysher5, A. Mosie6, R.A. Zeigler1, F.M. McCubbin1, C. Shearer4,7, and the ANGSA Science Team8 (firstname.lastname@example.com). 1ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, TX 77058; 2Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854; 3Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; 4Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston TX 77058; 5HX5 Jacobs JETS Contract, NASA JSC, Houston, TX 77058; 6GeoControl Systems Jacobs JETS Contract, NASA JSC, Houston, TX 77058; 7Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; 8www.lpi.usra.edu/ANGSA/teams/


Electromyography signal also called EMG signal, it is generated in our muscle when our muscle unit is contract or expand. The high speed progression in technology has made us possible to detect the EMG signal and use it as the control signal for other applications. This report describes the development of position control of DC motor with encoder by using EMG signal from biceps brachii muscle. EMG signal is received by using sensor, sending it into microcontroller for feature extraction and classification process. Elbow joint angle is mapped with the EMG signal and the rotation angle of DC motor is synchronized with joint angle. Experiments were conducted to analyze the relationship between joint angle, torque and EMG signal. Results showed that additional torque can increase the signal to noise ration in the equipment. For the relationship between joint angle and EMG signal, it exists 2 type of shape and the mathematics model between each respondent is different. A new mapping method has been designed in this project. It map the EMG signal to joint angle by identify the closest EMG value that represent respective joint angle. Result shows that it can classify the EMG signal but calibration needs to be done to counter the fatigue factor.


Different methods have different applicability and a single test is not a full, objective, realistic way to reflect the operating state of the switchgear. Transient Earth Voltage detection has been widely promoted in the regular testing of the switchgear by virtue of the advantages of non-power failure detection, high sensitivity, strong anti-interference ability and non-invasion, etc. However, the research on the detection mechanism, influencing factors and propagation characteristics of TEV method is still in its initial stage. On the basis of theoretical analysis of partial discharge transmission characteristics and influencing factors, established the finite element model of the switch cabinet and deduced the TEV transmission characteristics and relationship between partial discharge source and its influenced factors. The conclusion was confirmed by using the online measured TEV data.


Age‐related changes in liver function are important because they may promote susceptibility to adverse drug reactions, neurotoxicity, atherosclerosis, and other important diseases in older people. Age‐related changes in the rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, termed pseudocapillarization, have been described recently and these may contribute to hepatic impairment. The present study has examined surgical and post‐mortem specimens with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy to determine whether pseudocapillarization also occurs in older humans. The age of the subject, independent of systemic disease or hepatic pathology in surgical and post‐mortem samples of human liver, was associated with increased peri‐sinusoidal expression of von Willebrand's factor, collagen I, collagen IV, and staining with Masson's trichrome. Electron microscopy revealed significant age‐related thickening of the sinusoidal endothelium (young 165 ± 17 nm, middle age 222 ± 11 nm, older 289 ± 9 nm, p < 0.001) with loss of fenestrations (young 7.7 ± 0.7 per 10 µm, middle age 3.6 ± 0.5 per 10 µm, older 1.5 ± 0.4 per 10 µm, p < 0.001), and age‐related deposition of basal lamina and collagen. In conclusion, ageing in humans is associated with morphological changes in the sinusoidal endothelium and space of Disse which are presumptively related to the ageing process and potentially represent an important link between the ageing process and disease susceptibility. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recent literature describes variability in management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), with evolving evidence that conservative management is non-inferior to intervention.


Objective To study the clinical diagnostic methods in patients with acute abdominal pain and a variety of emergency department of internal medicine.Methods 62 patients with acute abdomen in our hospital from 2011 January~2014 year in January from,take retrospective analysis,study its acute abdomen disease type and diagnosis method.Results after diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis in our hospital,20 cases,accounting for 32.26%,acute and chronic gastritis 22 cases,accounting for 35.48%,myocardial infarction in 2 cases,accounting for 3.23%,17 cases of peptic ulcer,accounting for 27.42%,1 cases of uremia,accounted for 1.61%;auxiliary examination often use medical process for blood routine,abdominal CT,abdominal B ultrasound,ECG,gastroscope,abdominal puncture,renal function,liver function tests.Conclusion acute abdominal pain is a common clinical symptom,physicians need a detailed understanding of the patient's history in the process of diagnosis,reasonable application of various examination means,for patients was fast and accurately,determine the cause,so that patients get the timing of diagnosis and timely,and fundamentally reduce misdiagnosis.


Early clinical trials are often limited by a small sample size or by the length of the study. Rare side effects or metabolic changes are difficult to detect confidently in trials using less than 2000 women. The preferred control group in studies of hormonal contraceptives is women using nonhormonal contraceptives; in practice maintaining long-term participation of this group may be difficult. To further determine utility and marketability Phase II and Phase III clinical trials test promising contraceptives for effectiveness and side effects. In Phase III especially studies become larger and more refined progressively increasing detection and resolution. New contraceptives ultimately must not only prove safe and effective but must also be subject to risk-benefit analysis and to a comparison with alternative products. Study design will vary at different stages of the evaluation process and known indicators of contraceptive effectiveness or adverse reactions are particularly salient. For example blood levels of estrogens and progestogens may provide information about a particular drugs mechanism of action. Pituitary thyroid and adrenal hormones should be measured as well. Standard hematological tests should be performed at various intervals in the trial because steroid contraceptives have well documented effects on iron metabolism. The use of steroid contraceptives is known to sometimes increase coagulation and serum angiotensin and decrease glucose tolerance though no test predicts when there will be an adverse metabolic reaction. Almost all hormonal contraception is associated with some change in menstruation. Women beginning treatment should be informed of what might occur and that often the changes will affect neither their health nor sex life. Another useful indicator is endometrial and cervical cytology. Hormonal contraceptives have no clear effect on cervical cancer rates and may protect against endometrial cancer. When clinical trials fail their flaws tend to fall into one or more of the following categories: failure to use or monitor important variables improper or a too narrow definition of a population or variable or excessive loss to follow-up.


Background: Decreased fetal movement is associated with adverse perinatal outcome, including stillbirth. Objectives: To investigate perinatal outcome for women who seek consultation due to reduced ...


Abstract The rust fungus Puccinia psidii infects the foliage and causes dieback of actively growing tips on several myrtaceous plants in South and Central America. It has recently been discovered in south Florida causing a similar disease on Melaleuca quinquenervia. We therefore evaluated P. psidii as a potential biological control agent of this invasive tree. Typical disease symptoms on M. quinquenervia included distortion and abscission of young foliage and dieback of severely infected tips. Young stems with living bark developed lesions and localized swellings. The stems became brittle and prone to breakage at the point of these swellings. Often, flowers and young seed capsules also developed eruptive pustules. Host range tests were performed on 18 species in 11 genera of Myrtaceae by inoculating expanding leaves with uredospores of two P. psidii isolates: MISOL, obtained from M. quinquenervia, and PISOL, obtained from Pimenta dioica. Results showed Callistemon viminalis, Eugenia reinwardtiana, M. decora, M. quinquenervia, Myrcianthes fragrans, Myrciaria cauliflora, P. dioica, and Psidium guajava to be susceptible to both isolates. Eucalyptus grandis, Eugenia paniculatum, and Syzygium cumini manifested chlorotic halos that developed into brown leaf spots but had no sporulation and were therefore considered resistant. The remaining seven species ( Calyptranthes pallens, Eugenia confusa, Eugenia foetida, Eugenia uniflora, Feijoa sellowiana, Psidium cattleianum, and S. jambos ) exhibited no symptoms and were considered immune to both isolates. The ability of these isolates to initiate pustules on susceptible hosts differed significantly. Overall, both isolates induced more pustules on M. quinquenervia, E. reinwardtiana, and P. dioica than on other susceptible species. Based on host range, both Florida isolates of P. psidii appear similar to one that infects Pimenta spp. in Jamaica. Our studies included a limited number of plant species grown under optimal conditions for disease expression. Field tests will be needed to ascertain their susceptibility under more natural conditions. The P. psidii and M. quinquenervia pathosystem probably represents a "new association," because of the disparate origins of the two species involved and their adventive status in Florida.


While the Internet has revolutionized communication and commerce, it has also created the conditions for a type of crime that can be committed anonymously, from anywhere in the world, and with consequences that are unprecedented in scope. With the failure of traditional law enforcement methods to deal with these challenges, computer crime requires a new approach to thinking about deterrence. Focusing on a particular type of computer crime, unwarranted intrusions into private computer networks, this Note argues that "tailoring the punishment to fit the crime" might mean focusing on something besides punishment. It proposes a regulated system of privately sponsored "hack-in" contests to supplement the criminal law, which has proved inadequate at deterring computer crime. Computer crime comes in many varieties, including online theft and fraud, vandalism, and politically motivated activities. Other hackers simply try to break code, seeking challenge, competition, and bragging rights.


This paper presents a model for architecture level aspect weaving. Its underlying formalism is process algebra. In the model, the base model and aspect models are specified as labeled transition systems, while aspect weaving is interpreted as an algebraic operation between the base model, aspect models and the woven model. Through the model, the logic relationship between the woven model and the base model, aspect models can be achieved, which lays foundations for future reasoning. Moreover, the underlying PA formalism offers the model powerful capability for future analysis.


Objective: to discuss the application effect of task order assessment method in basic nursing technology training class.Method: 56 nursing students of 2013 are selected as the experimental group, using task order assessment method; 55 nursing students of 2013 are selected as the control group, using traditional assessment method. Compare the assessment grade of the two groups of students and learn the experiment group's evaluation on the task order assessment method though questionnaire. Result: the assessment grade of the control group is 87.06 ±3.66, and the grade of the experiment group is 88.48 ±2.48. The comparative difference has statistical significance(P0.05). The grade of the experiment group is higher than the control group in evaluation of patients, communication and humanistic care,health education and nursing operation process(P 0.05). Most of the students in the experiment group support the task order assessment method. Conclusion: the task order assessment method can evaluate the basic nursing skills and comprehensive abilities of the nursing students comprehensively, objectively and fairly.


Active cameras are increasingly used to extend the area coverage and to improve image quality in video surveillance. With such a pan-tilt-zoom camera, operators can control its rotation around two axes and can use an optical zoom to get a better shot. Although multiple video streams are monitored simultaneously on a large grid of displays, they lack spatial correlations that the operators can rely on. In stressful situations, such as during the pursuit of a target, it is hard for the operator to maintain situation awareness while controlling cameras and switching between them. In this work, an interface is presented that helps the operator in controlling the cameras while maintaining spatial knowledge of the environment. Its design extends the work of De Haan et. al. on augmented surveillance interfaces, which only uses static video cameras. First, pan-tilt-zoom camera operation is integrated by providing the user with new camera controls and visual feedback methods. Second, the special hardware joystick is replaced by a simple mouse and keyboard control in order to have a seamless integration with the overall system. Finally, the user is assisted in steering multiple active cameras by automatically determining and focusing an optimal camera based on user-indicated target location and movement direction. As active cameras allow live interaction by the operator, it is difficult to experiment and consistently perform evaluations using real-life surveillance systems. Therefore, the prototype interface is implemented upon a simulator which generates virtual scenarios and live content. Evaluation measures are designed to measure situation awareness and performance of the operator during the pursuit of a target. In the evaluations performed, the prototype was found to have a better learning curve, a better ease of use and user performance is increased in comparison to a classical interface. These findings indicate that the presented interface can enhance operator performance in surveillance control rooms that monitor vast and complex areas.


It is increasingly axiomatic that depression has widespread adverse physiological effects, and conversely that a variety of physiological systems impact the risk for developing depression. This convergence of depression and altered physiology is particularly dramatic during midlife—a time during which reproductive failure presages dramatic increases in prevalence of both heart disease and depression. The potentially meaningful and illuminating links between estrogen (E2) deficiency, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and depression have largely been obscured, first by assertions, subsequently repudiated that the perimenopause was not a time of increased risk of depression, and more recently by the denegration of hormone replacement therapy by initial reports of the Women's Health Initiative. Increasingly, however, research has led to unavoidable conclusions that CVD and depression share common and mediating pathogenic processes and that these same processes are dramatically altered by the presence or absence of E2. This review summarizes data supporting this contention with the intent of placing depression and E2 therapy in their proper physiologic context. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Min Jin Kim, Seung Hun Son, Shin Jae Rhim* and Moon Baek Chang Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang UniversityABSTRACTThis study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of Holstein dairy cow's vocalization in postpartum related with calf isolation. Vocalizations of 16 individuals of cows were recorded 6 hours per day(1:00am~4:00am and 1:00pm~4:00pm) using digital recorder and microphone during October 2008 and May 2009. Vocalizations were divided into 4 types. Characteristics of frequency, intensity and duration were analyzed by GLM(general linear model) and Duncan's multi-test. There were significant differences in frequency and intensity based on analyses of spectrogram and spectrum among 4 types of vocalizations. Frequencies of vocalizations were dramatically decreased on 2nd and 3rd day. Vocalization would be important factor affecting the mother- young bond in Holstein dairy cattle. (Key words : Calf isolation, Cow, Holstein, Postpartum, Vocalization)


It is commonplace to hear of the threat to the nation-state in the contemporary world. Such threats are seen to emanate from many different quarters, at different levels of the international system. Donald Levine classi® es these forces into three levels that exist in relation to nation-states (or the international level)Ð subnational, transnational and supranational. Forces at the `̀ subnational'' (or sometimes called `̀ local'') levels occur from assertions of identity based on `̀blood, race, language, locality, religion, or tradition'' or what Levine, following Geertz, calls `̀primordial'' ties that are not effectively accommodated by the modern nation-state, thought to be earlier associated with the post-colonial new states of Africa and Asia and now recognised as an element of nation-states all over the world. Without going into the problematic use of the category of `̀primordial'', given that all forms of social identity, and primordiality itself, are always socially constructed, I would like to add to this list local claims to resources (assertions of land rights by indigenous groups, access to developmental resources by women's groups, etc.), political participation (demands for democratisation and decentralisation), social measures (demands for provision of basic services, laws for protection from domestic violence, etc.) that often question the legitimacy and add pressure to the authority and power of the nation-state. Forces at the `̀ transnational'' level include, ® rst and foremost, the giant corporations such as General Motors and IBM. It is clear that multinational corporations (MNCs) which consisted of largely self-suf® cient subsidiaries of parent companies being located overseas are now being increasingly replaced by transnational corporations (TNCs) in which production itself is organised globally. In this new structure of production the cessation of production in or cutoff from any particular subsidiary, say in the time of war, would impair the ability of any other subsidiary to function effectively, unlike earlier MNCs that could be nationalised and turned to produce for the host economy. To the extent that modern nation-states depend on the activities of TNCs, this new structure of production has serious inter-national implications. Also included among the transnational forces are intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), such as the


The objective of this study was to compare CA 72-4 with CEA and CA 19-9 in gastrointestinal malignancies. CA 72-4 was assayed by radioimmunoassay and CEA and CA 19-9 with the Abbott IMx analyser. The study included 52 patients with gastrointestinal cancer and 20 controls with benign gastrointestinal diseases. The 52 cases showed marker sensitivities of 39%, 49% and 35% for CA 72-4, CEA and CA 19-9, respectively, and 64% when the markers were combined. Marker expression in serum was highest in colorectal carcinoma followed by gastric and esophageal carcinoma. The sensitivities of the individual markers in colorectal, gastric and esophageal carcinomas, respectively, were: CA 72-4, 56%, 32% and 18%; CEA, 83%, 33% and 18%; CA 19-9, 53%, 25% and 18%. The sensitivity of the three markers in combination was 89%, 50% and 46% in colorectal, gastric and esophageal cancer, respectively. The specificity of CA72-4, CEA and CA 19-9 was 100%, 72% and 86%, respectively. However, CA 72-4 is not a useful a marker for gastrointestinal cancers because of its poor sensitivity. CEA, which had the best overall sensitivity and a reasonable specificity, was the most useful single marker, especially for colorectal cancer. Whereas the single markers were not useful in gastric and esophageal cancer, the combination of the three may be.


We propose a method for the structural analysis of Web documentation. Employing the non-well-founded set theory, we have developed a means of reduction analysis to detect irregularities in the structures of target documents. To test this method's effectiveness, we applied it to Web-based educational materials in actual use and succeeded in identifying structural errors in the documents.


Although myocardial deformation imaging is often used in clinical practice, to date, the spatial resolution of any speckle tracking algorithm has not been tested. The minimum size of the resolvable dysfunctional areas with these techniques remains unknown while this is relevant for reliable clinical diagnosis. The current study therefore aimed at determining the spatial resolution of our previously validated non-rigid image registration (NRIR)algorithm in 2D ultra-realistic in-silico B-mode images with eight varying sizes of dysfunctional regions. A correlation coefficient obtained between the NRIR-end-systolic (ES)strains and the true ones was 0.97, indicating a good tracking performance. The obtained mean ES strain errors and limits of agreement were 0.19% and −3.37~3.76% respectively (p < 0.01). Based on the pixel-wise ES strain differences between the normal heart model and the model with dysfunctional regions, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to detect dysfunction were computed, where a region was considered resolved if more than 60% of the pixels were correctly classified. Furthermore, a correlation coefficient of 0.92 as determined by the correlation between the NRIR-estimated sizes of the dysfunctional regions against the ground truth sizes is suggestive of good tracking resolution. In this way our study revealed that the discriminative power of our algorithm was adequate to resolve dysfunctional areas down to 1.9 cm.


The question 'What is syntax?' has been asked many times.* In the framework of traditional grammar it cannot be answered by a definition. Traditional syntax, the kind of syntax upon which all of us have been brought up, is not a theory but a craft. We were taught by practical example how to find (say) the subject or the predicate of a sentence and how to recognize a given form as a 3rd-person singular verb indicative present active. These technical terms were never properly defined; but with a sufficient number of examples for practice plus some rules of thumb, we soon acquired an intuitive grasp of what they meant, and were thus able to work with them satisfactorily. Sometimes classical grammar did offer definitions, but they were invariably poor and clumsy. Looked on as a theory, traditional grammar consists of primitive notions only. Its definitions are pseudodefinitions, mere embellishments, not taken seriously in practice. The same is true of the various interpretations of these primitive notions which have been popular from time to time, interpretations logical, psychological, metaphysical, functional, or mystical. All these cavalierly disregard the mode of existence (in the philosophical sense) of the primitive notions which they claim to interpret. It was fortunate that under the circumstances the discussion of these interpretations necessarily remained academic. It did not seriously interfere with the practice of grammatical analysis. Traditional syntax consists of two parts: (1) parsing and (2) the 'meaning' of grammatical form classes (such as adjectives or accusatives). PARSING means interpreting any given sentence as representing the single and universal sentence pattern of classical grammar. This pattern includes the elements SUBJECT and PREDICATE as obligatory, and optionally OBJECTS (direct and/or indirect), ADVERBIAL PHRASES, ATTRIBUTES, and APPOSITIONS. Each sentence contains at least one MAIN CLAUSE and may also contain SUBSIDIARY


nutrition, by removing the arm, and by appropriate antibiotic treatment of septicaemia. Cellular and humoral immunity is improved by daily dialysis and feeding, and possibly humoral toxic factors due to a burn are removed across the artificial kidney membrane.5 The close co-operation of all the units concerned and the mobile capability of the two RAF teams made the most comprehensive management possible. Despite the appalling prognosis in such cases, we believe that treatment should not be denied.


This thesis examines the music of two pioneers of free improvisation in jazz: Lennie Tristano and Ornette Coleman. Besides emphasizing the melodic language of both musicians, this study presents analyses and transcriptions of their compositions and improvisations. The author's approach as a musician-researcher stresses the importance of transcription and emulation as study methods. Because Tristano and Coleman are somewhat controversial figures in jazz history, this study addresses to most commonly asked questions: Was Tristano a genuine modernist and innovator who was ahead his time? Does Coleman's music have inner logic and structure despite its seemingly naive and chaotic surface? Analyzing Tristano's music proved to that he was already using modern harmonic devices in his late 1940's compositions. In his Line Up improvisation, for example, he systematically employed side slipping techniques to create harmonic tension. Although Tristano experimented with odd time signatures and off-kilter melodic accents, his rhythmic concept and phrasing were not significantly ahead of his contemporaries. Analysing Coleman's melodies proved that his melodic language consists of several elements – archaic country and blues, tonal bebop melodies and modal techniques among them – that are used deliberately. Coleman exploits the principles of western tonal music intuitively with great artistic success despite his apparent unfamiliarity with formal music theory. Transcriptions of the music studied are included.


Background: Nuclear power plant emergencies had often been accompanied by radioactivity release into the environment, thyroid cancer is one of the major health consequences due to the effect of radioactive iodine (131I) that emits ϒ ray and β particles resulting in thyroid DNA damage and late onset thyroid cancer. Intake of a single dose of potassium iodide (KI) is recommended to reduce this risk. However in case of prolonged radioiodine release as noticed during Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, more than one dose of KI may be basic to ensure adequate protection [1]. Whereas a single dose of KI is admitted to be safe, knowledge about the effects of repeated KI administration are scarce, few studies demonstrated the potential efficiency of repetitive KI intake in humans [2] and non-human primates [3] without hormonal variations. These studies are relevant in the field of radiation protection and give a base evidence of the possible use of repetitive KI. On the other hand, we have studies on rodents that showed an impact of chronic iodine excess on pituitary thyroid axis function [4]. Our previous work on adult male rats demonstrated the safety of repeated administration of KI over 8 days [5]. Indeed in the elderly persons KI administration in case of nuclear emergency remains a topic of debate, because of the possible impact in cardiovascular diseases. Thyroid hormones are well-known for their profound effects on cardiovascular function and metabolism; myocardial and vascular endothelial tissues have receptors for thyroid hormones and are sensitive even to subtle changes in the concentrations of circulating pituitary and/or thyroid hormones i.e. subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It is well established that hyperthyroidism induces a hyper-dynamic cardiovascular state, which is associated with a faster heart rate, enhanced left ventricular systolic and diastolic function whereas hypothyroidism is characterized by the opposite changes. Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the elderly, the prevalence and incidence increase with advancing age [6]. Several interventional trials showed that treatment of subclinical thyroid diseases improves cardiovascular risk factors, which implies potential benefits for reducing cardiovascular events. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of repeated KI intake on the thyroid function of aged male rats. Methods: A twelve months old male rats were subjected to either KI or saline solution over 8 days. Clinical biochemistry, pituitary and thyroid hormones level, and thyroid genes expression were analyzed 30 days after the treatment discontinuation. Findings: urinary assessment shows a subtle increase of some parameters (Creatinin, Uric Acid, Urea, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium and Chlorine), plasma biochemistry reveals a subtle variation of some parameters (an increase of Creatinin, Glucose and phosphorus; and a decrease of Chlorine level). Regarding pituitary-thyroid hormones we get a significant decrease of TSH level without thyroid hormones variation. At the molecular level, we observe a significant increase of TPO (+100%), AIT (+299%) and Tg (+38%) mRNA expression. On the other hand we get a significant decrease of TSHR (-51%) mRNA expression. Conclusion and perspectives: Our first results indicate that repeated KI intake affects the clinical biochemistry and the pituitary-thyroid axis function in elderly rats. To go further we are investigating the impact of these variations on the cardiovascular function and its parameters. Cardiac output data, cardiovascular gene expression, oxidative stress and inflammatory analysis are being processed. This study will contribute to the evolution of iodine policy and the harmonization of the current KI guidelines.


The head of one of the nation's largest school systems lauds the value of a program focusing on early recognition and intervention for students' mental health problems.


The University at Buffalo, SUNY Occupational Safety and Health Training Project (UB OSH Training Project) produces highly qualified safety and health M.S. graduates to impact occupational safety and health (OSH) practice in NY, and beyond via a rigorous academic program, formal research, practical experiences and training. Master's level students from Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE) complete courses on OSH topics, including safety, ergonomics, industrial hygiene, and epidemiology, and will graduate with a concentration in OSH while obtaining their ISE degree. They also complete OSHA certification training in such topics as Hazardous Materials Handling to expand their knowledge beyond traditional coursework. Further specialization is received through the completion of a mentored thesis research project and a required internship provided in cooperation with the Niagara Frontier Chapter of the American Society of Safety Engineers and the local New York State Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Trainees gain work experience from the internship, preparing them to enter the OSH workforce upon graduation, and the research experience that encourages OSH citizenship and life-long learning. Throughout the program, trainees participate in development activities and engage with local safety professionals at local, regional, and national meetings. Over the past 9 years, trainees within this Program participated in close to 100 OSH professional development activities.


For developing countries that wish to use existing technologies and draw on the experiences of others, a major challenge is the lack of knowledge and proper understanding of the available features, and of the facilities that use new technologies. In response to the growing problems of traffic congestion and air pollution in the central areas of Tehran, since 1980 a restricted zone in the shape of a polygon has been defined in Tehran, which during business hours limits commuting to the downtown area to relief cars and special vehicles. Since 2010, passage into and out of this zone has been controlled by new ANPR technologies using cameras, rather than the police force. Using this technology has indeed improved the control system of the entrance to the restricted zone in most areas but has also created new challenges for the city's traffic management. The first part of this study discusses the challenges of establishing restrictions on cars in Tehran, and with the help of information obtained with cameras of the automated control system, the inbound traffic algorithms are presented. In the final part of this document the problems raised by applying new traffic control technologies in Tehran as a developing city will be discussed.


The present study was carried out from March 2012 to April 2013. The specimens of genus Sphaerophoria St. Farg. et Serv were collected from different localities of Balochistan. Two species namely Sphaerophoria rueppellii Wiedemann, 1830 and Sphaerophoria interrupta Fabricius, 1805 were recorded. These species are described here on the bases of morphological characters, coloration and male and female genitalia. The first time record of these species is a new addition in literature of the insect fauna of Balochistan, Pakistan.


Nowadays, Pd-based catalysts are brought to use in the anode of direct alkaline alcohol fuel cells (DAAFCs), in consideration of their higher electrocatalysis towards alcohol oxidations in basic media than in acidic media [1]. In this regard, the fundamental study of alcohol dissociation and oxidation at Pd electrode in alkaline media is of great importance for designing new efficient and economic catalysts for next-generation DAAFCs [12]. Here, we initially combined attenuated total-reflection surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) and infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (IRAS) to investigate the dissociation and electro-oxidation of alcohols at Pd electrode in NaOH solution [3]. Spectral results have shown that methanol can dissociate to form COad at Pd electrode at open circuit potential as well as at potentials lower than ca. -0.10 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), involving the initial dissociation of O-H bond followed by the stepwise cleavage of C-H bonds. Meanwhile, A dual-pathway mechanism for a complete methanol oxidation to CO2 (or (bi)carbonate) at Pd electrode have been put forward, involving COad and interfacial formate as the intermediates. The formate is also a by-product due to an incomplete methanol oxidation. The proposed reaction pathway at Pd electrode is to some extent similar to that at Pt electrode in alkaline media. Nevertheless, a higher potential is required to oxidize the two intermediates, and the conversion rate from formate to CO2 (or (bi)carbonate) at Pd electrode is less than that at Pt electrode, leaving more formate in the solution as the by-product. In addition, the dissociation and electro-oxidation of ethanol at Pd electrode in 0.1 M NaOH ethanol is also preliminarily measured by combined ATR-SEIRAS and IRAS methods. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that the combination of ATR-SEIRAS and IRAS measurements is more reliable for elucidating electro-catalytic reaction mechanism, thus may be regarded as a new development of electrochemical surface infrared spectroscopy.


Sportdate is an online meeting place for people with an interest in health and fitness. The web service is run by the two companies Sportdate AB and SoftIT AB. Previously, access to the service has been provided through a traditional and a mobile website. For mobile device users, this has meant that no automatic authentication is offered. You also have not been able to receive information using the mobile platform's notification system. The existing system also limits the possibilities of introducing a new type of functionality that utilizes the mobile device's GPS receiver. To solve the issues with the existing system and offer an improved user experience, a mobile application has been developed. The application is designed in such a way that it allows sharing of information with the mobile site to facilitate the maintenance of the two subsystems. Originally, this project was intended to include the development of an application for both of these platforms, but quite early during the work, it became apparent that this would not be possible within the timeframe for the project, it was then decided that this project would prioritize the completion of the application for iOS. This report, therefore, focuses exclusively on application development for this platform. With the exception of a few days working at the client's office, most of the work on the project was carried out remotely. The iOS application that was completed during the project is available today on the App Store, Apple's Marketplace for Applications under the name "Sportdate".


Aim To observe the changes of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with unstable angina after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and to invetstigate the relationship between the peak values of CRP and clinical restenosis. Methods A prospective case study was undertaken in 47 patients who underwent successful PTCA (PTCA group)for unstable angina and another 25 patients as control who underwent coronary angiography. Levels of CRP were measured by RIA at baseline, 48 hours and one week after PTCA. All of PTCA group were followed clinically for 9 months. An exercise testing or a thallium perfusion scan (TPS) was performed within nine months post-PTCA and CAG was repeated in the part of abnormal patients. Results At nine-month follow-up, clinical restenosis developed in 44% of 25 patients with high serum levels( 30 mg·L -1) of CRP, and in 9.1% of 22 patients with normal CRP levels(P 0.01). Conclusion Serum CRP 48 hours after PTCA is a marker of nine-month clinical performance.


EDITOR—We appreciate Fitzmaurice's agreement with us that expert based information sources cannot be trusted.1 We take strong issue with his notion that our research design lacks rigour and is susceptible to bias.

A careful scanning of the complete version would reveal that, although we labelled the design as …


In the Church of St. John in Cappadocia, also known as Ayvali Kilise or Gulu dere 4, on the frescoes which were painted between 913 and 920, particular devotion was shown for the cult of the archangels. The two archangels Michael and Gabriel, were painted in very large dimensions, with inscriptions describing them as 'great', besides giving their names. In addition to that a unique group of two figures was presented. It depicted the monk Archippos turned toward a colossal figure of the archangel Michael, painted strictly frontally. The iconographical relationship of these two figures, unrecorded in scholarly literature, indicates that this was definitely Archippos, the custodian of the important shrine of the Archangel Michael at Chonai, which still existed in those times. This would not only be a very early, but the only preserved presentation of Archippos, other than his appearance in the well-known composition of the Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonai.


The relatively low retention rates of learners have an implication that learners might disengage in a MOOC course. Engagement and motivation always go hand in hand. The elaborate design of strategies to trigger and retain learners' motivation is helpful to increase the rates of course completion. To address this, we applied content analysis method to analyze the micro lecture videos of six courses in Coursera according to ARCS model of motivation suggested by Keller. This study reports the categories of the strategies to motivate learner that used in these videos and the differences between Chinese produced and other countries produced video courses. These results inform some suggestions of future design suggestions for Micro instructional videos.


In this paper, application of numerical-fuzzy logic to choose frequency ratio for pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter is presented. The PWM inverter is a naturally sampled bipolar double-edge modulated. The choice of frequency ratio is based on the total harmonic distortion (THD) and impedance scan of a grid. The THD provides information about harmonic distortion limits. The impedance scan provides information about the harmonic order ( H _ order ) and corresponding principle harmonic voltage (PHV) in utility grid that is to be mitigated. The spectral model of PWM waveform to realize the significance of choice of frequency ratio, harmonic impedance scan procedure of radial grid, and numerical-fuzzy logic applied for choice of frequency ratio are described in detail. The data for numerical-fuzzy controller implemented using MATLAB is obtained from time-domain simulation of the sample system using PSCAD/EMTDC. The individual harmonic distortion profile and instantaneous waveform plot for the choice of frequency ratio using this proposed method demonstrates mitigation of PHV and hence minimization of THD. The Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm (SFLA) based optimization for the choice of frequency ratio for a global minimum of THD is also presented. Proposed method is also simulated in real-time using Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and the results presented.


The article deals with the social functions of philosophical factors in the formation of a modern model of tourism specialist. This model is formed and considered in accordance with the basic normative educational document - the Standard of higher education in the specialty 242 "Tourism" of the field of knowledge 24 "Sphere of service" by educational and professional program (OPP). The author makes a sample of some of the general competences provided by the educational-professional program of preparation of bachelors in the specialty "Tourism" and monitors the provision of appropriate substantiation of the nature of their provision in teaching the course "Philosophy". It is also substantiated that the philosophical and cultural approach in the system of tourism education allows the whole tourism industry to reach a higher level of self-awareness and adequately reflect a deeper understanding of tourism not just as a combination of travel and entertainment, but as a powerful factor in integrating and generating human spirituality. The author monitors these positions on the example of philosophical and cultural provision of relevant competencies of tourism specialists.


We appreciate invaluable comments by Tamanini et al. on our recently published manuscript in the Digestive Endoscopy. In this study, extensive pathological analyses revealed that aggressive pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are characterized by increased intra-tumoral fibrosis and decreased number, diameter, and area of blood vessels1 .


Background: The Japanese Circulation Society survey revealed that Japanese female cardiologists exhibited a trend to refuse the chairperson position; however, the causal factors remain uncertain. Methods and Results: We distributed a questionnaire survey among chairpersons of the Chugoku regional meeting in November 2022. The rate of chair acceptance at the annual meeting tended to increase as the chairperson's experience grew (first time chairing a meeting, 25.0%; 2–3 times, 33.3%; 4–5 times, 53.8%; ≥6 times, 70.0%; P=0.021). Conclusions: Providing inexperienced members with the chance to perform the role of chairperson will lead to them accepting to chair annual meetings.


Abstract: Rеcordеd history dеmonstratеs thе prеfеrеncе for sons in еvеry aspеct of lifе. Today, dеspitе bеing considеrеd a powеrful manifеstation of gеndеr inеquality and discrimination against womеn, thе prеfеrеncе for sons ovеr daughtеrs is still prеvalеnt worldwidе. In this study, wе invеstigatе thе еxtеnt to which son prеfеrеncе influеncеs hеalth disparitiеs bеtwееn sons and daughtеrs in 66 dеvеloping countriеs. Wе find that thе diffеrеncеs in hеight-for-agе and wеight-for-agе z-scorеs bеtwееn daughtеrs and thеir pееrs arе 0.135 and 0.098 standard dеviation lowеr comparеd to thе analogous diffеrеncеs bеtwееn sons and thеir pееrs duе to son prеfеrеncе. Our hеtеrogеnеity analysis furthеr shows that son prеfеrеncе disproportionatеly affеcts childrеn of disadvantagеd backgrounds such as thosе living in rural arеas, born to lowеr-еducatеd mothеrs, and coming from poor familiеs.


Adult melanoma has undergone extensive genomic analysis, but pediatric melanoma has not received such scrutiny. Although rare (incidence rates of


Slices of osteoclast‐enriched endosteal surfaces of 3 week chick tibia were cultured for 1‐3 days. Osteoclasts on the bone surface were made visible by acridine orange fluorescence. Osteoclast area was measured by image analysis. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) caused osteoclasts to increase in area about 40%, and calcitonin (CT) caused a decrease in area also of about 40%. Subsequent addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP to PTH‐ or to CT‐treated cells resulted in a further change of 40 and 30%, respectively. Application of the cyclic AMP analog alone had no effect. All responses were rapid, occurring in 2‐4 minutes.


George Bernard Shaw was an outstanding English realistic playwright.His five-act legendary comedy Pygmalion describes Professor Henry Higgins,a prestigious linguist who buys for 5 pounds Eliza,a poor flower girl in the streets as stakes,to make experiments,trying to change her utterances,package her outward appearance,and cause her to seem like a young noblelady.Eliza born poor,however,is reluctant to live a life ordered about and ill-treated spiritually by others and wants to return to her ariginal life.The story of the play reveals the author's irreversible Fabianist ideas which claim that "one who is respectable respects oneself and one who is humble humbles oneself".


The teaching of a foreign language to any individual necessarily involves the bringing together of two languages and two cultures: the student's native language and culture—the base—and the language and culture being studied—the target. When these are in marked contrast, many special instructional challenges emerge. Students are confronted with totally unfamiliar linguistic patterns and cultural concepts, which require analysis that will be meaningful specifically to them. In the foreign language classroom, serious attention must be paid to the learners and their particular mind-set, through which they will inevitably filter the target language. A recommended approach to this pedagogical challenge is the use of a team of professionally trained instructors that includes targetnatives who, as authentic models of the target, actively and with linguistic sophistication, interact with the students in the target language—the act component—and base-natives, who concentrate on the analysis of the target—the fact component.


Mechanical loading plays a key role in bone formation and maintenance. While unloading induces osteocyte apoptosis and bone loss in vivo, mechanical stimuli prevents osteocyte death through a mechanism involving β‐catenin accumulation and ERK nuclear translocation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a crucial role in bone formation, but its interaction with osteocytes is not completely understood. Of interest, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) has recently been shown to mediate the mechanical response of endothelial cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the putative role of the VEGF system in osteocyte mechanosensing. We show that either short (10 min) mechanical stimulus by pulsatile fluid flow (FF) (10 dyn/cm2, 8 Hz) or exogenous VEGF165 (6 ng/ml) similarly stimulated cell viability, ERK phosphorylation, and β‐catenin membrane translocation. A VEGFR2 antagonist (SU5416) or transfection with specific VEGFR2 siRNAs (siVEGFR2) decreased these events. FF for 10 min increased VEGFR2 phosphorylation at both Tyr‐1059 and Tyr‐1175; an effect that was mimicked by VEGF165 but was unaffected by a VEGF neutralizing antibody. Subsequently (at 6 h), this mechanical stimulus induced VEGF gene overexpression, which was prevented by siVEGFR2 transfection. Depletion of the structural protein caveolin‐1 by using siRNA technology impaired FF‐induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, these in vitro findings point to caveolin‐1‐dependent VEGFR2 activation as an important mechanism whereby mechanical stimuli promote osteocyte viability. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 278–285, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Advances in information technologies and vehicle automation have birthed new transportation services, including shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs). Shared autonomous vehicles are on-demand self-driving taxis, with flexible routes and schedules, able to replace personal vehicles for many trips in the near future. The siting and density of pick-up and drop-off (PUDO) points for SAVs, much like bus stops, can be key in planning SAV fleet operations, since PUDOs impact SAV demand, route choices, passenger wait times, and network congestion. Unlike traditional human-driven taxis and ride-hailing vehicles like Lyft and Uber, SAVs are unlikely to engage in quasi-legal procedures, like double parking or fire hydrant pick-ups. In congested settings, like central business districts (CBD) or airport curbs, SAVs and others will not be allowed to pick up and drop off passengers wherever they like. This paper uses an agent-based simulation to model the impact of different PUDO locations and densities in the Austin, Texas CBD, where land values are highest and curb spaces are coveted. In this paper 18 scenarios were tested, varying PUDO density, fleet size and fare price. The results show that for a given fare price and fleet size, PUDO spacing (e.g., one block vs. three blocks) has significant impact on ridership, vehicle-miles travelled, vehicle occupancy, and revenue. A good fleet size to serve the region's 80 core square miles is 4000 SAVs, charging a $1 fare per mile of travel distance, and with PUDOs spaced three blocks of distance apart from each other in the CBD.


A highly efficient Graphics Processing Unit(GPU) based method for decomposing SAR azimuth signal is presented.SAR azimuth signal is decomposed by the four-parameter Chirplet decomposition method.This method needs excessive computation mainly to construct Chirp atomic dictionary and decompose SAR azimuth signal in the over-complete dictionary.Compared with CPU,GPU is well suited for data parallel computations with high arithmetic intensity.A new method is introduced that takes full advantage of GPU's computation capability by transferring the key part of the algorithm to GPU.The experimental results shows that this method is more than ten times as fast as traditional CPU based algorithms.


In the polymerization of isobutyi vinyl ether, Et2AlCl was inactive by itself and highly activated by oxygen. A limited amount of oxygen contacted with Et2AlCl at −78°C gave a stereoregular polymer in a good yield. The catalytically active species was stable only at low temperatures. Iodometrical titration and low temperature IR spectroscopy indicated that the concentration of the active species was proportional to that of the peroxide, e.g., EtAl(OOEt)Cl, a thermally unstable intermediate formed in the course of oxidation of Et2AlCl by oxygen. EtAl(OOCMe2Ph)Cl catalyses the process in a similar fashion to that of the "low temperature Et2AlCl–O2catalyst system." The oxidation of Et2AlCl and the catalytic activity of the products are studied. The effects of carbon dioxide are reasonably interpreted in terms of the competitive coordination between oxygen and carbon dioxide toward organo-aluminums.


Objective To value 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT) for mediastinal lymph node metastasis after treatment of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Retrospective analysis of 46 such patients treated by 3-DCRT was conducted.Lymph node diameter was : 2 cm in 5 patients,2~3 cm 25 patients and 3 cm 15 patients.For postoprative 25 patients,the average time of relapse was 19.2 months and postradiotherapy 21 patients,14.3 months.Patients after surgery accepted conventional radiotherapy at the dose of,DT 40Gy~44 Gy/20 fx~22fx, then received 3-DCRT,the dose was boost to 60~68 Gy.Patients after radiotherapy were all treated by 3-DCRT,dose was 60~68 Gy,2~2.5 Gy/fx,5fx/w,3~5field/fx.Results Complete response rate of Postoprative patients and Postradiotherapy patients was 88.0% and 71.4% respectively.Three month later the treatment was concluded and the result is statistical significant(P0.05).Radioactive lung symptoms occurred at a rate of 68.0% and 71.4% in the two ases respectively,not statistically significant(P0.05).Radioactive esophagus symptoms occurred at a rate of 24.0% and 66.6% respectively,statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Three-dimmensional conformal radiotherapy,with little side-effects,can markedly improve the local control rate and suvival rate of patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis after treatment of esophageal carcinoma.


This paper discusses the problems of short-term forecasting of cryptocurrency time series using a supervised machine learning (ML) approach. For this goal, we applied two of the most powerful ensemble methods including Random Forests (RF) and Stochastic Gradient Boosting Machine (SGBM). As the dataset was collected from daily close prices of three of the most capitalized coins: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and Ripple (XRP), and as features we used  past price information and technical indicators (moving average). To check the effectiveness of these models we made an out-of-sample forecast for selected time series by using the one step ahead technique. The accuracy rate of the forecasted prices by using RF and GBM were calculated. The results verify the applicability of the ML ensembles approach for the forecasting of cryptocurrency prices. The out of sample accuracy of short-term prediction daily close prices obtained by the SGBM and RF in terms of Mean Absolut Percentage Error (MAPE) for the three most capitalized cryptocurrencies (BTC, ETH, and XRP) were within 0.92-2.61 %.


The need for energy efficient computing has established performance-per-watt as a first-class metric for evaluating HPC applications. Consequently, optimizations that target HPC systems and data centers are required to dynamically monitor system power consumption in order to be effective. Although newer architectures are making power sensors available on the chip, the general state of power measurement tools across different architectures remains deficient. This paper describes a neural-network based model for fine-grain, accurate and low-cost power estimation. The main novelty of the proposed approach is its portability. The methodology can be adopted to predict power consumption not only on a range of current processors but future architectures as well. This portability is achieved by taking advantage of performance monitoring units (PMU) available on current systems and applying a carefully constructed sequence of feature selection techniques. We evaluate our models along several dimensions on multiple platforms. The experimental results show that the constructed models are able to predict power consumption with high accuracy at a low overhead. The results also provide key insight as to the number of features necessary to achieve reasonable prediction accuracy.


The design of RF cavities is a multivariate multiobjective problem. Manual optimisation is poorly suited to this class of investigation, and the use of numerical methods results in a non-differentiable problem. Thus the only reliable optimisation algorithms employ heuristic methods. Using an evolutionary algorithm guided by Pareto ranking methods, a crab cavity design can be optimised for transverse voltage (V ) while maintaining acceptable surface fields and the correct operating frequency. Evolutionary algorithms are an example of a parallel meta-heuristic search technique inspired by natural evolution. They allow complex, epistatic (non-linear) and multimodal (multiple optima and/or sub-optima) optimization problems to be efficiently explored. Using the concept of domination the solutions can be ordered into Pareto fronts. The first of which contains a set of cavity designs for which no one objective (e.g. the transverse voltage) can be improved without decrementing other objectives. EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS (EA) Evolutionary algorithms are an example of a parallel meta-heuristic search technique inspired by natural evolution. Unlike many optimisation methods, EAs work from a population of solutions. Recombination operators are applied to share information, and mutation operators to explore new regions of the search space. This allows for complex, epistatic (non-linear) and multimodal (multiple optima and/or sub-optima) optimization problems to be efficiently explored. [1] Real-coded EAs (RCEA) are used in a wide range of scientific applications and their characteristics are well understood. They are well suited to performing optimizations in problems with a high dimensionality. RCEAs are distinct from genetic algorithms in that they manipulate the parameters numerically rather than encoding them as binary information. [ 1] The problem is represented using the abstraction of individuals in populations. Each individual has a decision vector (the inputs to the simulation or calculation) and a solution vector (the outputs) and so maps the independent variables onto the dependant. It is the manipulation of these vectors which the EA performs. A basic optimisation algorithm of this kind uses 4 distinct blocks (see fig 1). An initialiser which produces the initial population of guess decision vectors. The calculation block which evaluates the decision vector to find the solution vector. The selection block which determines the best individuals (using a property known as fitness) to take part in the final block, recombination. This stage combines the decision vectors of the best of the population to create an individual which is expected to be "fitter". The final three stages are then repeated until a stop condition is met. Figure 1: Basic evolutionary Algorithm Structure. If a single objective is to be used then the fitness is defined to be this objective. However if there are multiple objectives this definition is more complex. Multiple Objective EAs (MOEAs) In any multi-objective simulation there exists a set of solutions which are demonstrably superior to all other solutions. Such a set is known as a Pareto optimal set, critically no member of this set can be said to be superior to any other. [3] Classical methods, such as objective weighting, often converged to a single value of the Pareto optimal set. Modern Multiple Objective EAs (MOEAs) allow the full front to be found and are often based on the concept of domination (see fig 2): where denotes all components are greater than or equal to and a and b are solution vectors. These vectors can be arranged into Pareto fronts (solution vectors where no one characteristic can be further optimised without detrimental effect on the other characteristics) the first of which is the Pareto optimal set and contains no dominated individuals. Figure 2: The effect of on the space behind a series of points. The darker colours represent a more highly dominated area. TUPEC056 Proceedings of IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan 1850 05 Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Fields D06 Code Developments and Simulation Techniques SPEA2 [2] (Strength Pareto EA 2) and NSGA-II [3] (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm*) use the concept of domination to simultaneously converge on a set of Pareto-optimal† solutions. A single solution can then be selected from the set by an informed design engineer. The two methods show differing convergence characteristics depending on the type of problem. In some complex problems, it is possible for the algorithm to converge to a Pareto-optimum set which is not truly optimal. The use of an EA can return surprising results, such as the Tech-X simulation of a Periodic Band Gap cavity. [4]


The purpose of this study is to look into whether there is a possibility to develop the image of the local community in conjunction with green tourism, thus to explore the concrete ways to vitalize local community with diversified green tourism programs. In the pursuit of relating the research of community image-building with comprehensive local characteristics, this study selected the case of Jung Bang I village near Daejeon and analyzed the case through both written materials and on-site investigation. As a result of analysis, first, it was found that community image-building contributed positive effects in terms of the commercialization of the local community and its revitalization. Second, it was observed that community image-building led to form a "green route" that played a role as a passage to link townspeople to the country. It was also verified that those country villages that succeeded in image-building provided the places where people could experience the country and arts, which showed the potential of their roles as educational opportunities. In conclusion, this study will be able to suggest the direction to where the green tourism and image-building projects of the small communities near towns should go, and also provide a substantial guideline to related people regarding how to operate and maintain the local community.


In hammer throw it can be considered that the body weight affects the throwing distance because the muscle volume is directly proportional to the body weight. The pulling force of the hammer may also be affected by the body weight. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the body weight on the pulling force during throwing motion in hammer throw.


Hypocotyl protoplasm were isolated from sterile seedlings of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). After the purification of protoplasts, a high protoplast yield (1.5~2×10~6 g~(-1) FW) was obtained. The purified protoplasm were cultured in MS-1 medium. It was observed that the division frequency of the regenerated cells was about 240A. It indicated that gelrite embedding culture floating in liquid medium is the most suitable one for the hypocotyl protoplasts of catuliflower in the culture methods tested, which include thin liquid culture, gelrite solid layer culture and liquid over gelrite double layer culture. Intact plantlets quickly differentiated from the regenerated calli after they were transferied onto a differentiation medium (MS-5A or MS-5B). 78 plantlets were regenerated from3 cultivars, and normal cauliflowers were obtained after the transplantation of the plantlets into pots.


In this study a numerical method is developed to solve the Hammerstein integral equations. To this end, the kernel has been approximated using the least-squares approximation schemes based on Legendre-Bernstein basis. The Legendre polynomials are orthogonal and this property improves the accuracy of the approximations. Also the nonlinear unknown function has been approximated by using the Bernstein basis. The useful properties of Bernstein polynomials help us to transform Hammerstein integral equation to solve a system of nonlinear algebraic equations.


Two cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) with known, and different, grain-Cd accumulation were used to compare root tissue accumulation of Cd with root morphology. Six-day-old 'Kyle' and 'Arcola' seedlings were exposed to a range of Cd2 + concentrations (3.91 × 10-8 - 3.91 × 10-7 M) for 0-200 min, and root Cd contents for the two cultivars were compared with root morphological characteristics. 'Kyle' roots contained 35% less Cd per root system after 200 min of exposure and had less root surface area and fewer root tips than 'Arcola'. 'Kyle' roots also contained 30% less Cd per gram of dry weight than 'Arcola' roots after 200 min of exposure. 'Kyle' roots also had fewer root tips per unit of root dry weight and less surface area per unit of dry weight (DW) than 'Arcola'. When cadmium concentration data (µg·g-1 DW) were expressed per unit of root surface area (µg·cm-2) and per number of root tips (µg·tip-1), the difference in root Cd content between the two cultivars was smaller. These results su...


The pump intensity required to achieve operation of an optical parametric oscillator based upon a resonantly enhanced four- wave mixing process is examined. The effects of a finite phase mismatch and of absorption of the generated waves are treated. Numexical calculations for an atomic system ma) and two molecular systems (HQ, CO) reveal acceptably low pump intensity requirements and suggest that such a device is potentidly an efficient, scalable source of tunable coherent radiation.


In this paper,the current situation of diamond super-thin cutting blade was analyzed.The diamond-nickel composite films were prepared by electrotyping method,the influence of electrotyping parameter such as current density of cathode,stirring speed and the position of impeller,the obliquity of cathode and the electrotyping temperature on the quality of the film was discussed,The downstream processing for the electrotyping diamond-nickel composite film was as following: electric discharge machining(EDM) could efficiently remove the burr of the deposited film,it was a useful machining method of the super-thin cutting blade.The diamond super-thin cutting blades were prepared and the application of the blades were studied.


The utility model discloses a high-speed wire-drawing die. The high-speed wire-drawing die comprises a die sleeve and a die, wherein the die is arranged in the die sleeve; a cooling water storehouse is arranged between the die sleeve and the die; and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed on the cooling water storehouse. The high-speed wire-drawing die has a reasonable structure, a good cooling effect, small deformation of die holes and high quality of products, and is suitable for high-speed wire drawing.


The paper introduces the basic thought about how to build a 2D and 3D pressing dies- tandard-parts database, and describes the key points to a typical example by using the secondary developing tool VBA in AUTOCAD Platform. The paper also introduces the assemble method to 3D pressing die shelf and 3D pressing die typical structural, and studies the animation showing technique for 3D pressing die typical struc- tural.


The aim is to model treatment pathways and outcomes of opiate users at intake and at 1- and 3-year follow-up and to assess the implications of these for treatment policy. Opiate users entering a new treatment episode were recruited. Tree diagrams were used to map treatment relapse and re-entry. A within subjects repeated measures analyses of variance was conducted on each of the outcomes. The effect of being in treatment at 1-year on the 3-year outcomes was measured controlling for the value of the outcome variable at intake. A total of 404 opiate users were recruited. Follow-up interview rates were 88.4% at 3-years. Three years after intake 15% were drug free, 70% were in treatment and 15% were not in treatment and were using illegal drugs. Analysis revealed that there were no differences between the three outcome groups at intake. Those who were not in treatment and using at 3-years had displayed little improvement at 1-year and those who were not in treatment and not using at 3-years had displayed improvements in physical and mental health outcomes at 1-year. Regardless of treatment modality, treatment policy needs to reflect, support and encourage individuals during the treatment relapse cycle.


Isotopic labeling with deuterium oxide (D2O) is a common technique for estimating in vivo protein turnover, but its use has been limited by two long-standing problems: (1) identifying non-monoisotopic peptides; and (2) estimating protein turnover rates in the presence of dynamic amino acid enrichment. In this paper, we present a novel experimental and analytical framework for solving these two problems. Peptides with high probabilities of labeling in many amino acids present fragmentation spectra that frequently do not match the theoretical spectra used in standard identification algorithms. We resolve this difficulty using a modified search algorithm we call Conditional Ion Distribution Search (CIDS). Increased identifications from CIDS along with direct measurement of amino acid enrichment and statistical modeling that accounts for heterogeneous information across peptides, dramatically improves the accuracy and precision of half-life estimates. We benchmark the approach in cells, where near-complete labeling is possible, and conduct an in vivo experiment revealing, for the first time, differences in protein turnover between mice and naked mole-rats commensurate with their disparate longevity.


In flow through tubes or other channels it can be shown that polymeric species dissolved in the fluid tend to diffuse away from the walls of the duct. This generates a region of low viscosity fluid adjacent to the surfaces of the channel with the result that the bulk of the fluid appears to slip more readily through the channel than if its concentration were uniform. Experimental results are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. The significance of the slip phenomenon in enhanced oil recovery is discussed.


Impacts of climate change on crop production systems decision support system tool was developed, under funding support from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and the International Consortium for Agricultural Systems Applications (ICASA). The CropDSS tool allows users to link four spatial databases; namely, administrative, crop planted areas, soil boundary, and climate grid maps with four crop simulation models in DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer). The models have been extensively tested in Thailand, requires a minimum data sets of climate data such as solar radiation, temperature, and rainfall. Users may use CropDSS program to study the impacts of climate change on agricultural systems in an integral approach.


Cyberspace has become a place where Internet users, in addition to performing everyday activities, such as communicating with other users, having fun or doing business, can very easily become victims of various cybercriminal activities. Criminals have improved and adapted their traditional criminal methods and with the help of digital technologies, they can harm both gullible individuals and governments themselves. Unlike real space, in the digital environment, cybercriminals can remain anonymous and avoid sanction by the authorities. Such cybercrime groups are often organized and operate at the international level, which makes it even more difficult to identify criminals. The aim of this paper is to inform about the methods used by individual cybercriminals, but also organized criminal groups, and suggests the need for international joint cooperation of all competent authorities, but also the need to inform and harmonize laws in this domain, in order to combat such illegal cyber activities more effectively.


For conventional density functional theories (DFTs), the mean-field perturbation theory was commonly invoked to evaluate the excess free energy due to attractions in the bulk fluid of an inhomogeneous system. This simplification caused inaccuracies in the predictions. We develop here a version of the DFT based on the functional Taylor expansions of the intrinsic free energy functional F[ρ] and the singlet density ρ(1)(r) to arrive at closed-form expressions for these quantities without truncations. This is made possible by incorporating the bridge functional and a "star function" proposed earlier in J. Chem. Phys. 1992, 97, 8606. The results are generally applicable to both repulsive and attractive potentials. The new formulation is applied to the Lennard−Jones molecules adsorbed on a planar hard wall. It is demonstrated that without using the mean-field approximation, we can obtain accurate density profiles for this system. A "two-way street" formulation between the uniform fluids and the nonuniform flui...


Prof. Jortner reviewed the main points of the discussions, the need to cooperate on education issues, the public image of chemistry and global chemical legislation and government issues. Prof. Jortner pointed out that the role of IUPAC in regional collaboration will be: • Catalysis of regional collaboration • Supplement regional collaboration by global international activities • Assistance in information flow • Enhance (but not mediate) direct interregional interaction The participants agreed that the meeting had been extremely useful. The group will meet again at the occasion of the IUPAC General Assembly (at Berlin in 1999). The time and location of meetings in the non-General Assembly years will be determined at a later date.


Purpose: Theories to evaluate fluency disorders are limited to cultivating the ability to appropriately respond to various cases faced in clinical scenes. I suggest in this paper a model of simulation education based on fluency disorder cases and aim to study the efficacy of the education program by...


Changes in the quality of concrete due to ambient conditions start from its surface immediately after the demolding, whereby the quality of cover concrete, particularly strength and durability, is likely to be lower than that of the interior parts. This study deals with effects of drying on the compressive strength of cement paste and concrete. Cement paste specimens with a very small cross section were prepared using normal portland cement, and the relationship between the pore structure and the compressive strength was investigated. Finally, the distribution of compressive strength from the surface layer to the interior of the concrete was estimated, using two equations relating pore volume to compressive strength. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) The relation between the total pore volume and the natural logarithm of compressive strength obtained from the hardened cement paste a linear correlation for each water-cement ratio. (2) The smaller was the distance from concrete surface, the larger was the total pore volume. This tendency was greater for the concrete of larger water-cement ratio and for the concrete of earlier drying initiation. (3) Compressive strength of concrete near the surface was lower in accordance with the increase of total pore volume. The difference of the strength between the surface layer and the interior of the concrete was approximately 20 MPa. (4) It was at most to the depth of 5 cm from concrete surface that the compressive strength decreased due to drying, in the case of concrete with water-cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.6; and it was at most to the depth of 10 cm in the case of concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.8.


We present an overview of the oceanic chemistries of the bioactive trace metals, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn; we combine field data with results from laboratory phytoplankton culture-trace metal studies and speculate on the potential influences of these trace metals on oceanic plankton production and species composition. Most field studies have focused on the effects of single metals. However, we propose that synergistic and antagonistic interactions between multiple trace metals could be very important in the oceans. Trace metal antagonisms that may prove particularly important are those between Cu and the potential biolimiting metals Fe, Mn, and Zn. These antagonistic interactions could have the greatest influence on biological productivity in areas of the open ocean isolated from terrestrial inputs, such as the remote high nutrient regions of the Pacific and Antarctic Oceans. The emerging picture of trace metal-biota interactions in these oceanic areas is one in which biology strongly influences distribution and chemical speciation of all these bioactive trace metals. It also seems likely that many of these bioactive trace metals and their speciation may influence levels of primary productivity, species composition, and trophic structure. Future investigations should give more complete consideration to the interactive effects of biologically important trace metals.


In order to release the fear of learning MCU,the course group adopted the action-oriented methodology to reform the MCU application course.It designed some teaching projects meticulously,and applied the 4-step method of the individual operation.In the teaching practice,there existed limitations,such as the lack of exchange between teachers and students,and the shortage of student participation etc.To solve the problems,it put forward some effective solutions,such as inducing and summarizing by stages,and mainly using individual assessment,assisted by the group assessment


A method for mapping and multiplexing of constant bit rate (CBR) signals into optical transport network (OTN) frames is provided. The method, in addition, enables the transpor tation of data from a plurality of SONET/SDH clients through a single OTN frame. The preferred method thereby enables efficient adoption of SONET/SDH legacy equip ment by OTN networks.


is a kososul written on the background of Imjinwaeran. So it has been classified as a variant of . It is a...


Let q be a prime power, 𝔽q be the field of q elements, and k, m be positive integers. A bipartite graph G = Gq(k, m) is defined as follows. The vertex set of G is a union of two copies P and L of two‐dimensional vector spaces over 𝔽q, with two vertices (p1, p2) ∈ P and [ l1, l2] ∈ L being adjacent if and only if p2 + l2 = p  1kl  1m . We prove that graphs Gq(k, m) and Gq′(k′, m′) are isomorphic if and only if q = q′ and {gcd (k, q − 1), gcd (m, q − 1)} = {gcd (k′, q − 1),gcd (m′, q − 1)} as multisets. The proof is based on counting the number of complete bipartite INFgraphs in the graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 322–328, 2005


This study aims to reveal the tourist attractiveness and application of community based tourism (CBT) in the agro-tourism of Café Sawah Pujon. The research method used is qualitative with ethnographic techniques. Researchers experienced and interacted directly at Café Sawah Pujon Kidul. The results showed that the tourist attraction presented by Café Sawah Pujon Kidul Malang is a natural tourism that uses agricultural land as a tourist attraction. This tourist attraction uses a CBT application model in developing agro-tourism. The village community plays an important role in the management and development of this agro-tourism. The manager welcomes tourists friendly, the use of uniforms, the use of digital ticket confirmation, and the role of tourists in managing the agro-tourism offered. The accessibility of this agro-tourism is easy to pass, has good roads, and clear directions, the manager of the tourist attraction is also on guard to take tourists to tourist sites. The CBT concept that is applied to tourism development is managed entirely by utilizing the community in the Pujon Kidul rice fields. People can also do entrepreneurship by selling souvenirs, such as souvenirs, clothing, plantation products (chilies, mustard greens, broccoli, and other vegetables), as well as parking management.


Using the technique of fluorescent-labled mRNA differential display, new apoptosis related gene 2ass-bnip3 of type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy was found, the sequence of 1594 bp with coding 187 amino acids was obtained by the full-length clone, and its structural and functional predictions were performed. 2ass-bnip3 may play an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy via a regulatory pathway of calcium regulation and apoptosis.


As solar energy will be an increasingly important renewable energy source in future years, the study of how climate change affects both its temporal and spatial variability is very relevant. In this paper, we study future changes of the solar radiation resource in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) through a set of simulations from ESCENA project (generation of regionalized scenarios of climate change in Spain with high‐resolution models) until mid‐century. The evaluation of the simulations against observations indicates contrasting biases for the different regional climate models (RCMs) in terms of solar irradiation amount and its inter‐annual variability. We propose a diagnostic for the quality of solar energy resource, in which the gridpoints are classified in four categories depending on the combination of solar irradiation amount and variability. The observed large percentage of points in the optimal category (high irradiation/low variability) in the IP is well‐captured by the RCMs in general terms.


Abstract Infrared data gathered by the NOAA 3 and 4 satellites have made it possible to construct a detailed synoptic view of sea surface temperatures in the northern Gulf of Alaska. These satellite data are compared with simultaneous oceanographic data to yield information on vertical subsurface features. Generally two surface temperature regimes characterize the northern gulf throughout the year. Relatively Warm surface water occurs over the continental shelf, while colder water is found farther offshore, beyond the shelf break. A narrow (5–10 km) coastal band, with relatively low temperatures, apparently due to terrestrial runoff, was not always present. Wave or eddy-like features were observed along the boundary between the warm and cold surface water regimes. Lateral advection and vertical mixing both contribute to maintenance of these two major surface temperature regimes. Offshelf lateral advection and/or upwelling brought colder water into the northern gulf between July 1974 and February 1975, and...


The article investigates the issues of the person ecological attitude to natural objects on the example of Pets; the reality developing in the process of mutual influence and the person's interaction with the real and virtual pet is analyzed. The aim of the study is to analyze the features of the relationship and perception of real and virtual animals by modern man, to identify how in the modern world people relate to real and virtual animals. The leading method for the study of this problem is the questionnaire method, which allows to highlight the features of human interaction with real and virtual animals, and to establish the role of real and virtual Pets in the life of modern man. The article analyzes the changes in attitudes to Pets in connection with a specific cultural and historical situation, reflecting the different forms and types of attitudes to Pets. Intensity is considered as a parameter of a person's ecological attitude to nature. The value of a pet for its owner is revealed. The relation of the modern person to real and virtual Pets is shown. The novelty and originality of the study lies in the fact that the analysis revealed the presence of views' development on the behavior of animals, depending on the cultural and historical era. It is shown that the images of animals in human perception are social constructs. It is established that people really consider their pet a full member of the family, only a few believe that the animal cannot be considered as such. It is shown that half of the respondents have a pet for the soul and mood, which confirms the version that Pets, as a companion and friend, help to cope with life's adversity and to feel good. Both the real and the virtual animal is perceived as an assistant in improving mood and wellbeing. It is established that the love of real Pets from their owners began to spread to the Internet. Respondents spread photos of their Pets not only on their pages in social networks, but also have such pages for their animals. Moreover, the survey participants themselves make their Pets' memes, actively post videos with them in video hosting. It is revealed that pet owners almost every day read various articles on the Internet or watch videos with animals' participation. The data obtained in this work can be used in environmental psychology, zoo psychology, age psychology, social psychology, pedagogy, sociology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue.


Films of titanium oxynitride are assessed for their potential as heat mirror coatings oil window glass, as a function of the film thickness. The coatings are deposited from the atmospheric pressure (AP) chemical vapor reaction of TiCl4 and ammonia. The heat mirror properties are evaluated using transmission and reflection spectroscopy. The composition of the samples is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the thickness of the films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results suggest that an effective heat mirror can be formed by a 100 nm thick coating of titanium oxynitride, which has a transmission of 49 % in the visible (6 10 nm), and a reflection of 46 % in the near infrared (1320 nm).


Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the results of a systematic review that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise interventions in people living with HIV/AIDS and to discuss the implications for physical therapy practice, education, and research. Summary of Key Points: A systematic review was conducted based on the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. Eleven randomized trials of HIVpositive adults who performed aerobic exercise three times per week for at least four weeks were identified. Thirteen meta-analyses were performed. The main results indicated that aerobic exercise was associated with significant improvements in some outcomes of cardiopulmonary status (maximum oxygen consumption) and psychological status (depression-dejection symptoms). Conclusions: Performing continuous or interval aerobic exercise or a combination of continuous aerobic exercise and progressive resistive exercise for at least 24 minutes three times per week for at least five weeks appears to be safe and may be beneficial for adults living with HIV. These findings should be interpreted cautiously owing to small sample sizes and high withdrawal rates within individual studies. The results of this review support the role of exercise and, more broadly, the role of rehabilitation practice, education, and research in the care and treatment of persons living with HIV.


A method to analyze automotive bumpers in radar applications as a composition of geometrically simpler flat and bent dielectric slab waveguides is presented. Based on the known exact electromagnetic propagation solutions for the slab waveguides and on mode matching techniques for obtaining coupling coefficients at the interfaces, an approach for the analysis of more general 2-D bumpers is described. Results obtained following this approach are compared with fields calculated numerically. The fields are showing a good accordance to each other. This approach is a powerful tool to get a deeper understanding which influences a Radome takes onto the radar performance of an automotive radar system.