A guide was created by the Chicago Healthcare System Coalition for Preparedness and Response to help hospitals and health facilities design, implement, and evaluate emergency exercises following the US Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) format. The HSEEP provides a standardized policy, methodology, and terminology for exercise design, development, conduct, evaluation, and improvement planning. As a part of a toolkit for hospital use, the pediatric at-risk population is represented with an Exercise Evaluation Guide titled "Pediatric Medical Surge". Pediatric Medical Surge is defined as the rapid expansion of the capacity of the existing healthcare system in response to an event that results in an influx of children and an increased need for personnel (clinical and non-clinical), support functions (laboratory and radiological), physical space (beds, alternate care facilities), and logistical support (clinical and non-clinical equipment and supplies). The Exercise Evaluation Guide is fully customizable and includes the following activity sections: (1) Pediatric Pre-Event Mitigation and Preparedness; (2) Incident Command; (3) Pediatric Bed Surge Capacity; (4) Pediatric Surge Staffing Procedure; (5) Pediatric Decontamination; (6) Receive, Evaluate, and Treat Pediatric Surge Casualties; (7) Provide Pediatric Surge Capacity for Behavioral Health Issues; and (8) Demobilization. Each of these sections includes a number of exercise tasks and details the potential tasks/observation keys that are completely modifiable in an electronic format. All or a limited number of these activity sections can be used in an exercise. Following the Activity and Tasks, a section for Observations is provided, and includes Strengths and Areas for Improvement. Upon completion of the Exercise Evaluation Guide, the findings are then utilized to complete the After Action Report for the exercise. This planning document is one tool to assure that children are not neglected in health care based exercises.


The rise of the Republican Right in the 1960s reshaped not only the politics of the Republican Party, but ultimately that of the country as well. What had started as an improbable movement to draft Goldwater for president in 1964 emerged, amid the political and social turmoil of the decade, as the dominant force within the Republican Party. But what has not received as much attention is the significant role that the national Republican Party leadership and the emphasis it placed on party renewal, rather than reform, played in the Right's rapid post-Goldwater ascent. This article examines how the process of party renewal, specifically the emergence of a national "service party" structure, helped not only to unify the GOP after the 1964 Goldwater loss, but also led to the development of a more conservative Republican Party during the second half of the 1960s.


Relevance and methodology . Research was carried out in 2018-2019 in the Moscow region at VNIIO-branch of the Federal state budgetary INSTITUTION FNTSO on the culture of vegetable peas Pisum sativum L. As a result of the assessment of the phytosanitary condition of the collection of pea varieties, it was revealed that the dominant pathogens of both seeds and parts of vegetating plants examined in the field were fungi of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium with a prevalence of 45-65% of colonies isolated in vitro. Using the method of isolation of fungal pathogens from the surface of seeds and seedlings, four isolates of fungi of the genus Fusarium were obtained in pure culture. Five more isolates of Fusarium fungi that cause root rot and withering of plants during the bean formation phase were isolated using the method of isolating a population of pathogens from the organs of vegetating plants. Results . According to cultural and morphological features, four Fusarium isolates were identified as belonging to the species F. oxysporum. Using the method of determining the aggressiveness of isolated isolates on a sandy substrate in vegetation tanks, the most aggressive isolate No. 3 was identified, which will be used in further work on creating an artificial infectious background for the selection of Fusarium-resistant breeding forms of peas. The authors have compiled an up-to-date map of the prevalence and zones of harmfulness in Russia of pea fusariosis, which causes root rot and tracheomycosis wilting.


Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease. This disease mainly involves salivary and lacrimal glands, although it may also involve the musculoskeletal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, hepato‐biliary, hematological, neurological, vascular, or both systems. Small vessel disease may appear in up to 30% of the cases.


Professor Norman Ashton (Institute of Ophthalmology, London): In simple glaucoma, with which we are particularly concerned in this discussion, it is now certain that there is an impediment to aqueous outflow, but as yet the exact site and nature of the obstruction has not been conclusively demonstrated. Some would incriminate the structures of the trabecule and others the outflow channels through the sclera, but it is important to remember that there is no theoretical reason why the obstruction should be as selectively located for it may equally well result from a summation of minimal changes throughout the entire pathway of exit, and these may not be of a wholly structural kind. Nor can one suppose that all cases of simple glaucoma need be identical, for the emphasis of the pathology might vary as between the trabecular meshwork and the scleral outlets. At the Institute of Ophthalmology we have for many years been trying to establish exact criteria of normality in the micro-anatomy of the outflow pathways in order to recognize significant deviations, if such exist, in glaucomatous eyes. The problem is not an easy one. The techniques available so often provide inconclusive evidence and the only human material available for laboratory study is, of course, subject to postmortem degeneration and may grossly misrepresent the conditions pertaining in living tissue. Even when artifact can be excluded in the microscopical study of glaucoma the question remains whether the changes are causative or consequential. As regards the normal meshwork, the chief remaining problem is the role of mucopolysaccharide both in trabecular structure and function. Since the discovery of Barany (1953) that the resistance of the outflow barrier of the animal eye may be decreased by the action of hyaluronidase several workers have tried to demonstrate a hyaluronidase-sensitive mucopolysaccharide within the uveal meshwork of animals and man. A coating substance apparently sensitive to hyaluronidase has in fact been demonstrated in the trabecular meshwork of cattle, sheep and rabbits (Berggren and Vrabec,


Bluetooth technology is the short distance wireless communication technology,it transmit from 10~100 m .In order to realize the heart electricity of the wireless short distance by using the technology of bluetooth,the article designs the amplifier circuit with two amplifiers,which can be used as amplifying the simulation of the electric monitoring system of portable heart,this text has carried on qualitative calculation and emulation . The circuit is high in sensitivity,the stability is good,which amplifies faint signal on human epidermis,then it is sent to A/D,finally it is launched out through the bluetooth chip.


Quantum mechanical operators and quantum fields are interpreted as realizations of timespace manifolds. Such causal manifolds are parametrized by the classes of the positive unitary operations in all complex operations, i.e. by the homogenous spaces D(n) = GL( I CnIR)/U(n) with n = 1 for mechanics and n = 2 for relativistic fields. The rank n gives the number of both the discrete and continuous invariants used in the harmonic analysis, i.e. two characteristic masses in the relativistic case. 'Canonical' field theories with the familiar divergencies are inappropriate realizations of the real 4-dimensional causal manifold D(2). Faithful timespace realizations do not lead to divergencies. In general they are reducible, but nondecomposable in addition to representations with eigenvectors (states, particle) they incorporate principal vectors without a particle (eigenvector) basis as exemplified by the Coulomb field. e-mail adress: firstname.lastname@example.com


Amanita pallidorosea, A. longistriata and A. farinosa are recorded for the fi rst time for Russia from the Primorye Territory. Their descriptions and illustra- tions are provided.


Glaucoma is a major cause of vision loss in the United States, affecting 2.7 million Americans. While there is no cure for glaucoma, research has shown that early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss. The National Eye Health Education Program (NEHEP) of the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health established the Glaucoma Education Program to increase awareness about the disease and the importance of early detection. Glaucoma Awareness Month, observed every January, plays an important role in achieving this goal. Past Data and Projections for Glaucoma (2010–2030–2050)


Three synthetic peptides encompassing the entire cytoplasmic polypeptide sequence (amino acid residues 82‐128) of glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD) were used to immunize mice for the production of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Only the synthetic peptide (GPC‐peptidel) corresponding to C‐terminal residues 112‐128 elicited a MoAb (named BGRL‐100) which could react with native and denatured GPC and GPD. We characterized BGRL‐100 by inhibition using GPC‐peptide 1 and red cell sialoglycoproteins. The ability of BGRL‐100 to interact with native GPC and GPD was assessed by immunoprecipitation with normal red cells (RBCs), and with denatured GPC and GPD by Western blotting of both normal RBCs and RBCs carrying GPC variants. Immunohistochemical staining of human tissue sections was performed using both BGRL‐100 and a rat MoAb (named BRAC‐1), which is specific for an extracellular domain of GPC and GPD. Both antibodies showed strong staining of erythroid lineage haemopoietic cells in fetal liver, sinusoids of adult liver and RBCs in the blood vessels of all tissues tested. Neither antibody reacted with epithelia from a range of human tissues. However, both MoAbs stained neural tissue in a distinctive fibrillar pattern. This suggests the presence of an analogue of erythroid GPC in neural tissues.


Until very recently an immense USSR comprised fifteen republics. Now the three Baltic states are free of Moscow's direction, and an independent Ukraine has joined Belarus and the former Russian Soviet Federated Republic (RSFSR) as the hub in a commonwealth of former republics that have declared themselves independent or "sovereign," but federated through agreements based on economics or defense considerations. Whether one concentrates on the story of Baltic freedom following the abortive 1991 coup, the subsequent dissolution of central governmental power, or the lasting enmities among some of the peoples in Central Asia and the Caucasus, the pivot around which this new interest or heightened curiosity turns is the recent great change within the late Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


Probabilistic load flow has gain attractive attention in electric power system planning, operation, and control. Probabilistic load flow is an efficient tool to access the performance of the power system considering the uncertainties of the load demand and generation. However, future operating condition and operating criteria could not be predicted without considering uncertainty. Due to integration of renewable energy sources into power system network brought uncertainty and dependence factor. Most of the uncertainties in power system are load increment, generation scheduling, and network topology in which engineers are dealing with them. In this paper, Box-Muller sampling algorithm is proposed to solve the probabilistic load flow problems considering uncertainty with generation and correlated loads. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that accurate solution can be obtain with less computation time and can address the dependence between variables. Also, it is almost unconstrained for the probability distributions of the input random variables. The proposed method is compared with correlated simple random sampling Monte Carlo simulation. For the demonstration purpose, the proposed method is investigated using IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems. The simulation results indicate that Box-Muller sampling method is a promising approach in probabilistic load flow evaluation.


Guided by the important thoughts of "Threerepresents", to improve the CPC construction work at tertiary level in allround way is an important task. Universities should set up their goal that "Development is the first" based on the important thoughts of "Threerepresents". In doing so, their work in every aspect can be done confidently and creatively.


Rapid thermal annealing of sputter-deposited chalcogenide glasses is demonstrated to yield superior quality films which are used to fabricate low loss (<0.3 dB/cm) photoinduced channel waveguides in chalcogenide glasses. This process also enhances the photosensitivity and the magnitude of photoinduced index changes possible (Δn∼5%) in these glass systems.


A 53-year-old man presented with a rash on the right medial thigh that had been present for 2 years. During that time, he had been treated successively with desoximetasone 0.05% cream, augmented betamethasone dipropionate0.05% cream, and betamethasone/clotrimazole cream. The rash transiently improved with use of these medications but flared with any attempt to discontinue treatment. Physical examination revealed a 5-cm diameter, erythematous, atrophic patch with telangiectasis. No scaling was visible (figure 1). A potassium hydroxide preparation with Swartz-Lamkins stain revealed branching, septate hyphae, confirming the diagnosis of tinea incognito (figures 2 and 3). Topical butenafine hydrochloride cream applied twice a day and pramoxine hydrochloride lotion, a topical anesthetic, were prescribed. Topical steroids were discontinued. The patient reported flaring of redness and pruritus for I week after treatment was initiated and steady improvement thereafter. All treatment was discontinued after 3 weeks, and there was no recurrence of the rash.


ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of type of wooden material and cutting section of wood on the holding strength of screw nut have been researched. For this purpose, the specimens prepared from scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) wood, beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) wood and oak ( Quercus petraea Lieble.) were applied. The tests of static tensile strength according to the standards of ASTM-D 1767-68. As the results, the tensile strength of screw is the highest in oak and the lowest in scots pine wood according to the wood type. The highest value has been obtained as radial to growth rings and the lowest as along the grain. Technical and economical benefits can be provided with taking these test results into consideration.


Background: Rhinoplasty is one of the most popular cosmetic surgical procedures in Iran. Surgery on the vocal tract can potentially change the voice characteristics. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has described voice changes after rhinoplasty, and the results of this study may help physicians to be aware of potential voice alterations following rhinoplasty. Methods: The authors selected 27 patients for this study. Patients completed Voice Handicap Index questionnaires, and the authors performed perceptual and acoustic analyses before and 5 months after rhinoplasty. Results: The Voice Handicap Index score and its physical and emotional subscales showed a statistically significant increase after rhinoplasty, indicating a worsening of voice quality after rhinoplasty. Blind perceptual analysis by six trained listeners revealed a statistically significant increase in hyponasality after rhinoplasty. Acoustic analysis showed that the frequency of the first and second nasal murmurs increased for the phonemes "m" and "n," while the amplitude of these murmurs decreased significantly after surgery. The same pattern was seen for the phoneme "a" when it was produced between two nasal consonants, as in the word "man." Conclusions: Rhinoplasty can change vocal characteristics by narrowing the nasal cavity. Rhinoplasty has some effects on the voice, but these changes are problematic in general for most patients. However, for individuals who rely on their voice for professional reasons, the surgeon should preoperatively discuss these changes with the patient and consider more conservative types of surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.


The measurement of the slip of an induction motor is a common industrial and educational measurement. Traditional methods of slip measurement, of which some of the most common are outlined, tend to be either inaccurate or cumbersome. A recently developed instrument which may be used for both transient and steady-state measurements, is described, which is easy to use and accurate results are quickly obtained. It is not necessary to make any connections to the supply or to fit a transducer to the shaft of the machine.


An apparatus for measuring the cross-sectional area of the solid fraction of individual wood pulp fibers consists of two transparent, optically flat, sapphire anvils between which the fiber is compacted under a high enough stress to eliminate all voids in the fiber structure visible at a magnification of 160x. The compacting force may be varied between 0 and 1000 g (maximum compaction stress about 70 kg/mm 2 ). A variable permanence electrical transducer senses the separation of the sapphire anvils and, hence, the thickness of the compacted fiber. This thickness measurement system has a range of 0 to 17 mum with a sensitivity of 0.02 mum. The compacted fiber width is measured with a Vickers (Dyson) image-splitting eyepiece on the viewing microscope, this system having a range of 600 mum with a sensitivity of 0.08 mum. Cross-sectional area is the product of compacted width and thickness. At these stress levels, airdry wood fibers appear pasty in consistency, readily deforming to void-free, transparent ribbons. This deformed shape is retained on release of compacting stress and also on subsequent wetting with water. After transparency has been reached, further increase in compacting stress causes further decrease in fiber thickness and increase in fiber width, but changes neither fiber segment length nor colculated cross-sectional area. At pressures above 8 kg/mm 2 , liquid water is expressed from some fibers initially in equilibrium with a relative humidity above 65per thousand.


The law governing co-operative housing in Israel is an explicit example of legislative response to social and economic pressures, and psychological needs. In this regard it is, however, not unique, since similar pressures and needs with similar solutions are found in other countries. Here, as elsewhere, the same motivating forces have operated—the desire to possess a home of one's own for reasons of personal dignity and assurance, encouraged by calculated need to hedge against inflation; the increase in population leading to larger demands for housing accommodation, which remained for long generally unsatisfied because of pegged rentals under tenant protection legislation; the high cost of land and building, which called for the optimum utilization of land and raw materials; and the preference for apartment dwelling due partly to the closer social life that it affords, and to which the population was from previous experience accustomed, and partly to the widespread employment of women, which put a premium upon living quarters that required less time and effort for housekeeping. Of these forces, the population pressure, due to natural increase but far more to immigration after the establishment of the State in 1948, and the continuous rise in land prices were particularly significant in Israel.


Microencapsulation is an enduring technology for protection and controlled release of food ingredients. Spray drying is a well-established method for converting liquid foodinto a dry powder form and it is one of the most common and economical method employed for microencapsulation. In this study the polyphenols from Green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) is extactracted using hot water extraction and the extract was spray dried and encapsulated by skimmed milk powder, whey protein isolate and maltodextrin as wall materials. Then encapsulates were analysed for moisture content, powder morphology, solubility, encapsulation efficiency (based on total polyphenols of extract and encapsulates) and antioxidant activity. It was found that whey protein isolate encapsulates exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity.


Robot-assisted rehabilitation devices can provide intensive and precise task-based training that differs from clinician-facilitated manual therapy. However, industrial robots are still rarely used in rehabilitation, especially in bilateral exercises. The main purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate the functionality of a bilateral upper-limb rehabilitation system based on two modern industrial robots. A 'patient-cooperative' control strategy is developed based on an adaptive admittance controller, which can take into account patients' voluntary efforts. Three bilateral training protocols (passive, active, and self) are also proposed based on the system and the control strategy. Experimental results from 10 healthy subjects show that the proposed system can provide reliable bilateral exercises: the mean RMS values for the master error and the master-slave error are all less than 1.00 mm and 1.15 mm respectively, and the mean max absolute values for the master error and the master-slave error are no greater than 6.11 mm and 6.73 mm respectively. Meanwhile, the experimental results also confirm that the recalculated desired trajectory can present the voluntary efforts of subjects. These experimental findings suggest that industrial robots can be used in bilateral rehabilitation training, and also highlight the potential applications of the proposed system in further clinical practices.


This paper has two parts. In Part I, we present an overview of the recent evolution of the banking sector in Brazil and relate it to some of the 10 Principles laid out in the CGD task force report Policy Principles for Expanding Financial Access. In Part II, we study some specific initiatives for improving financial access in Brazil, namely: (i) correspondent banking, (ii) simplified bank accounts, and (iii) payroll bank loans. 1 The authors want to thank Liliana Rojas Suarez for her detailed comments and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Pablo Sanguinetti and Maximo Torero and to the participants in the CGD workshop of July 2010. CGD acknowledges financial support from the Tinker Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Andean Development Corporation (ADC) for the production of this report.


In order to make ATC safety guarantee ability matches with increasing needs from air traffic transportation,an ATC safety guarantee ability model was built based on two aspects,which are static and dynamic capabilities. The static safety operation guarantee ability is divided into four major fields. They are command and control capability,the information capabilities,the weather managing capability,as well as communication,navigation and monitoring capability. Meanwhile,the dynamic capability is divided into six areas. They are risk management,safety culture,safety input,organizational management,staff capacity,and equipment capacity. A model was built for relationship among safety operation capabilities via SEM. It was demonstrated that improved dynamic capability plays an important role in guaranteeing safety operation ability of ATC,that safety input,the equipment capacity,and risk management make the most significant contribution to improving the ability that command and control capability is greatly influenced by information capabilities,the weather managing capability,and communication,navigation and monitoring capability,and that the dynamic capabilities have a significant impact on static capacity,therefore,an arbitrary combination of dynamic capability factors can influence the static capacity.


From the roots of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Royle ex Benth.. a new bitter cucurbitacin glycoside was isolated together with three known indoidal glycosides, amphicoside (picroside-Ⅱ) (3), catalpol (4), aucubin (5), a phenol glycoside, androsin (6) and a known cucurbitacin glycoside (2). By means of spectroscopic evidence (UV, IR, FAB-MS, 1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY), the structure of the new compound was elucidated as 2β-glucopyranosyloxy-3, 16, 20, 22-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5, 24-diene (1). The results show that the chemical constituents of P. scrophulariiflora are very similar to those of P. kurrooa. Further considering the resemblance in plant morphology and the continual distribution in geography, it could be concluded that the two species are very close in the phylogeny, and both can be used as the same traditional drug.


Longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetry in Bq → l l (q = d, s and l = e, μ, τ) decays is investigated. The analysis is done in a general manner by using the effective operators approach. It is shown that the longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetry would provide a direct search for the scalar and pseudoscalar type interactions, which are induced in all variants of Higgs-doublet models. E-mail : email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com, http://phya.yonsei.ac.kr/ ̃cskim/ E-mail : email@example.com http://lipi.fisika.net It has been already pointed out by several authors [1, 2, 3] that the pure leptonic B decays Bq → l l (q = d, s and l = e, μ, τ) are very good probes to test new physics beyond the standard model (SM), mainly to reveal the Higgs sector. Those previous works were focused on the contributions induced by the scalar and pseudoscalar interactions realized in Higgs-doublets models. Within the SM, the decays are dominated by the Z−penguin and the box diagrams, which are helicity suppressed. We notice that Higgsdoublet models can generally enhance the branching ratio significantly. Also, as discussed in recent works, the decays are strongly correlated with the semi-leptonic B decays [3] and even with the muon anomalous magnetic moment [4]. Experimentally, it is expected that present and the forthcoming experiments on the B−physics (B−factories) can probe the flavor sector with high precision [5]. If we detect large discrepancy between the theoretical estimation of the decay branching fractions and the actually observed experimental results, then this could be either an evidence of new physics or of our lack of knowledge of the decay constants of B mesons, fBq . Therefore, the main interest would be a direct observation of new physics contributions belonging to the non-SM interactions, i.e. the scalar and pseudoscalar interactions, because within the SM the decay is through the axial vector interactions only. In this letter, we propose a new observable, namely the longitudinal lepton polarization asymmetry (ALP). Though the measurement may be very difficult and challenging, we point out that this observable is very sensitive to those non-SM new interactions, and provides a direct evidence of their existence. Taking into account all possible 4-fermi operators which could contribute to Bq → l l, these processes are governed by the following effective Hamiltonian [6], Heff = − GFα 2 √ 2π ( V ∗ tqVtb ) { CAA(q̄ γμγ5 b)(l̄ γγ5 l) +CPS(q̄ γ5 b)(l̄ l) + CPP(q̄ γ5 b)(l̄ γ5 l) } , (1) by normalizing all terms with the overall factors of the SM. In particular, within the SM one has CSM PS = CSM PP ≃ 0 and CSM AA = Y (xtW )/sin θW , where Y (xtW ) is the Inami-Lim function [7] with xtW = (mt/MW ) . The contributions proportional to md,s are neglected, and the neutral Higgs contributions in CSM PS and CSM PP are proportional to mb/mW , and therefore also neglected. After using the PCAC ansatz to derive the relation between the operators, the most general matrix element for the decay is M = ifBq GFα 2 √ 2π V ∗ tqVtb [( 2mlCAA − m2Bq mb + mq CPP ) l̄ γ5 l − m2Bq mb + mq CPSl̄ l ] . (2) Using Eq. (2), the branching ratio for Bq → l l becomes B(Bq → l l) = G2F α 2 64π ∣


A case of hidroacanthoma simplex is reported. The patient was a 53-year-old woman who presented with a mass with a size of 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm × 0.8 cm on lateral side of right lower extremity for eight years. Histological examination revealed well-circumscribed intraepidermal nests. The tumor cells were uniform in shape and size and sweat duct structure was found in the tumor. The diagnosis was made as hidroacanthoma simplex. Immunohistochemical study of skin specimen showed negative staining for CK1, CK5, CK8, CK10, CK11, CK18, CK19, CEA and EMA,while strongly positive for CK14 and CK17.


A short, efficient synthesis of 22-hydroxyacuminatine, starting from a readily accessible hydroxy pyridone, is presented; key steps include a Heck coupling with methyl pentadienoate, a flash vacuum pyrolytic cyclization, and a Friedländer condensation.


I describe the observed departures of strongly‐gravitating systems from the predictions of Newton's theory and summarize one of the most powerful techniques to model general‐relativistic effects, based on the concept of a 3+1 decomposition of Einstein's equation and a direct numerical solution of the resulting system.


In order to identify molecular markers of the inhibiting action of auxin and those of the promotive action of cytokinin on indole alkaloid accumulation in a 2,4-D-dependent Catharanthus roseus cell line, protein changes were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis


<OBJECTIVE: To develop/validate a semi-structured interview to screen MS patients for cognitive impairment (CI) in a clinic setting.
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychological evaluation can be time consuming and difficult to access. During routine visits, clinicians are not always able to adequately determine if CI is present.
METHODS: This interview was designed to guide a discussion regarding five domains of everyday life to determine change in functional ability related to CI. Tasks/scenarios were identified from each domain and explored regarding subjective complaints and feedback received from others, such as a supervisor or family member. Phase 1 (Interview development): 20 MS patients with subjective complaints of CI were interviewed and tested with the MACFIMS battery. Questions regarding the five categories were refined. Prompts regarding suitable tasks for the interviewer were developed. Phase 2 (Interview Validation): A neurologist/MS specialist, MS clinic nurse practitioner or community neurologist used the interview tool on 60 MS patients with subjective complaints of CI, which was objectively assessed by MACFIMS. Bayesian statistics were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).
RESULTS: Data from phase 2 is presented. Subjects had a mean age of 44.4 years (SD 10.6), years of education 13.9 (SD 2.9) and were diagnosed with MS 8.9 years (SD 10.0) ago. Most were female (48, 80.0[percnt]), Caucasian (55, 91.7[percnt]) and had RRMS (44, 73.3[percnt]). Median EDSS was 3 (range 0 - 7.0) and 30 (50[percnt]) were taking disease modifying medications. 50 (83.3[percnt]) were impaired on at least one test in the MACFIMS battery, most frequently the SDMT (37, 61.8[percnt]). The interview had a sensitivity of 95[percnt], specificity of 40.0[percnt], PPV 76.0[percnt] and NPV 80.0[percnt].
CONCLUSIONS: This interview tool can be used to screen MS patients for CI in a clinic setting.
The study was funded by an unrestricted grant from BiogenIdec. Disclosure: Dr. Morrow has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Genyzyme, and Novartis. Dr. McEwan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Steckley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mendonca has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosehart has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kremenchutzky has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Sanofi, Genzyme, Novartis, Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corp., Teva Neuroscience, and EMD Serono as a consultant. Dr. Kremenchutzky has received research support from Biogen Id


BEFORE the war Belgium had about one and a half million wage-earners spread throughout 22 large industrial firms. In addition, 300,000 workers were employed in commerce, banking, insurance, and miscellaneous other industries. Of this total of 1,800,000 workers, about one million were members of trade unions. These unionized workers were grouped in three principal organizations: the Socialist Confederation Gendrale du Travail de Belgique ("Belgian Federation of Labor") numbering 550,000; the Confe'ddration des Syndicats Chretiens ("Federation of Christian Trade Unions") with a membership of 350,000; and the Syndicats Libdraux ("Liberal Trade Unions") with about 60,000 members. Other trade unions, supposedly neutral or independent-trotskists, anarchists, or fascists-grouped together wageearners estimated at between 20 and 40 thousand. These diverse organizations had no influence whatsoever upon Belgian social life, and their activities were limited to restricted circles, either local, political, or professional.


This paper deals with two main subjects encountered in the design of linear accelerators: the beam dynamics and the electrodynamics. Although at first intended as a simple summary of relevant formulae and enumeration of important facts, it was soon realised that a better use of the paper could be obtained by including several derivations and explanations. In this way, the paper became necessarily heavier, but at the same time it evolved into both a collection of formulae and a tutorial on some critical issues. Ion linacs occupy most of the text, but electron linacs are also treated.


Although many aspects of occupational stress have been investigated individually, few studies have successfully integrated different characteristics of stress. Moreover, little attention has been focused on staff stress in nursing homes. This article examines the literature on occupational stress in nursing staff and offers a comprehensive model of long-term nursing care stress. The literature review shows that a large number offactors affect occupational stress,from workplace issues such as institutional policies and residents' disabilities to the personal lives of the nursing staff. The stress in turn causes work dissatisfaction, followed by staff intent to leave, resulting in increased turnover. Staff stress also affects the individual worker in many ways. The model encompasses the antecedents, responses, and consequences of stress for individuals in an organization. The outcome variables affect the initial sources of stress and resources both at the job and at the personal levels, producing a cyclic process.


DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/19820194201500008 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Conflicts of interest: there are no conflicts of interest. Abstract Objective: To assess treatment adherence in patients with heart failure receiving nurse-led home visits after hospital discharge. Methods: This was a before-and-after study involving patients who had been recently hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. Three home visits were conducted within 45 days of hospital discharge. Treatment adherence was assessed in the first and third visits through a 10-item questionnaire (cutoff point: 18 = 70% adherence). In the first and second visits, patients were educated as to their condition, treatment adherence and self-care. Results: There were 32 patients included, mean age 65±16 years, 18(58%) male. The 32 patients received a total of 96 home visits. Treatment adherence scores were of 16±2.6 vs 20.4±2.7 in the first and third visits, respectively (p=0,001). Weight monitoring and liquid restriction behaviors improved significantly following the intervention. Conclusion: The in-home educational intervention led to significant improvements in the treatment adherence of recently-hospitalized patients with heart failure.


Marriage culture history is an important part of human society progresses in cultural accumulation.Datong area has succeeded since the Western Zhou Dynasty marriage customs "six ritual",during the same time,it also formed its own unique concept of special marriage culture in the unique natural geographical environment,political environment,economic environment and other factors,there is not only the integration of Hu and Han,but also the mark of the times on the history,therefore it has important research significance.


We discuss design tradeoffs for the use of SIMMWIC circuits in system applications. Taking a simple communication system and a multi-beam Doppler radar as example, we present measured performance results and discuss unsolved problems.


This article aims to demonstrate and investigate how natural law and law of nations theories were used and adapted within the context of the Italian peninsula of the late eighteenth century. It proposes to retrace the ways in which the texts of the so called Ecole romande du droit naturel and particularly the Droit des gens ou principes de la loi naturelle, appliqués à la conduite et aux affaires des Nations et des Souverains by Emer de Vattel (1758) were used in and adapted to the Italian environment, which was extremely different from the one in which these texts were written and published, in order to contribute to the legal transformation process of the Italian states during the eighteenth century.


In the field of bioinformatics,recently more and more researches are launched on the studies of the structure and topology of metabolic networks.We first review the progress for metabolic network reconstruction and representation.Then we look into the macro-structural and topological properties of metabolic networks which are meaningful for uncovering how metabolic networks evolve and why they are robust.Finally we expound our viewpoints on the current issues and the prospective studies in this field.


A fluid pressure regulating valve is described comprising a flow rate position control diaphragm means, a pressure regulating spring means bearing on the diaphragm means, first means for adjusting a high flow rate position of the spring means, second means coaxial with the first means for adjusting a low flow rate position of the spring means and pressure changeover means coaxial with the first and second means for adjusting the spring means between a first and a second regulating pressure diaphragm actuating means including an armature having a first end operatively associated with the first means, the second means and the changeover means and a second end operatively associated with the pressure regulating spring means. It also includes a selectively energizable solenoid coil, a hollow valve body enclosing the diaphragm and a valve orifice and the selectively energizable solenoid coil arranged to urge the armature to a first position in opposition to the spring means, and an adjusting assembly means mounted on a wall of the valve body for coaxially supporting the first means. The second means and the changeover means and the first end of the armature and a stop means is captured on the first end of themore » armature to limit the movement of the first means, the second means and the changeover means.« less


1. DeBakey M, Ochsner A: Bezoars and concretions: A comprehensive review of the literature with an analysis of 303 collected cases and a presentation of eight additional cases (Parts and 2). Surgery 1938; 4:934-963; 1940; 5:132-160 2. Wortzel E, Ferrer JP, DeLuca RF: Medical treatment of the postgastrectomy bezoar: Report of four cases treated with a cellulase enzyme preparation and review. Am J Gastroenterol 1977; 67:565-569 3. Allred-Crouch AL, Young EA: Bezoars-When the 'knot in the stomach' is real. Postgrad Med 1985; 78:261-265 4. Valberg LS, McCorriston JR, Partington MW: Bezoar: An unusual cause of protein-losing gastroenteropathy. Can Med Assoc J 1966; 94:388-391 5. Deslypere JP, Praet M, Verdonk G: An unusual case of the trichobezoar: The Rapunzel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 1982; 77:467-470 6. Grant JA, Murray WR, Patel AR: Giant trichobezoar-An unusual case. Scot MedJ 1979; 24:83-86 7. McGehee FT Jr, Buchanan GR: Trichophagia and trichobezoar: Etiologic role of iron deficiency. J Pediatr 1980; 97:946-948 8. Bernstein LH, Gutstein S, Efron G, et a!: Trichobezoar-An unusual cause of megaloblastic anemia and hypoproteinemia in childhood. Am J Dig Dis 1973; 18:67-71 9. Davies IJ: Hair-balls or hair-casts of the stomach and gastro-intestinal tract. Lancet 1921; 2:791-795 10. Charache H, Polayes SH, Behr IS, et al: Trichobezoar: Report of a case of gastric trichobezoar complicated by multiple polyps with malignant degeneration of one ofthe polyps. Ann Surg 1957; 145:282-286 11. Hossenbocus A, Colin-Jones DG: Trichobezoar, gastric polyposis, proteinlosing gastroenteropathy and steatorrhoea. Gut 1973; 14:730-732


Not available – first paragraph follows:
Summer squash fruits remained in marketable condition for about 14 to 17 days when stored at 32° F; for about 14 days at 50° F; for eight days at 60° F; and for six days at 70° F.


An ESR method was used to study the structure of the macroradical of the propagating chain Rp in the low-temperature, solid-phase polymerization of p-diethynylbenzene (DEB). The ESR spectra for γ-irradiated DEB samples and those of DEB deuterated in the ethynyl group showed that in the range 77–230 K, the unpaired electron of the macroradical was localized on one of the monomer links. At 230–310 K, its delocalization in a polyconjugated system took place because of addition of a linear macroradical to a double bond of a polymer molecule. The encounter of the macroradical with double bond probably occurs as polymer chain propagation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Since the Smith-Hughes Act in the early 1900's, there has been a continuing need to prepare people who possess competence in occupational fields to teach in high schools, technical colleges, and community colleges. Most often these people begin teaching with little teacher education. They are hired first, and later receive in-service teacher education while they are teaching. Originally, most states offered these in-service courses through land grant institutions that were subsidized with funds from the Smith-Hughes Act. Itinerant teacher educators were hired to provide the new occupational teachers with the needed pedagogical instruction. As the fields of trade and industrial and technical education grew, the need for occupational teachers and, consequently, for in-service teacher education increased. In an effort to become more efficient and to provide more opportunities for new teachers to receive in-service training, there was a move to develop teacher education modules that could be offered to occupational teachers and be supported by local resource personnel and teacher educators. Some institutions, such as Ohio State University, continue to use modules as a key part of their career and technical education (CTE) teacher education programs. As the technology for teacher education became more sophisticated, some institutions began to provide instruction through interactive television. More recently, there has been a move within teacher education in general, and career and technical education in particular, to provide Web-based instruction (WBI). Some institutions, such as Northern Arizona University, offer entire ________________


Infrared spectra of the cyclic peptide cyclosporin A and three analogues have been measured in a number of organic solvents (CCl4, CDCl3, acetonitrile, DMSO, and 50:50 acetonitrile:D2O). Seven of the eleven amide groups of cyclosporin A are methylated, the remaining four N-H protons forming strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal and in CDCl3 solution. These hydrogen bonds give rise to amide I (C=O stretching) bands at positions characteristic of β-turns, γ-turns, and β-sheet domains in proteins and model polypeptides. Increasing the polarity of the solvent eliminates some of these features; however, the spectra in DMSO and acetonitrile–D2O retain strong amide I absorptions characteristic of hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups. The conformation of cyclosporin A in water cannot be observed directly due to low solubility; these findings suggest that the structure likely retains strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Spectra of the three analogues are consistent with this interpretation. Implication...


Zhao Shi-yan is a proletarian revolutionist of our party in the early stage. His progressive and revolutionary journalist activity is an important part in his political career. He regarded his press career as sharp weapons for political struggle. The journals of all kinds he sponsored and many articles he published played important roles in the revolutionary struggle.


The present doctoral thesis concerns the wake dynamics from uniform and tapered bluff bodies. Bluff body configurations characterized by both arbitrary separation points and fixed separation points were considered, i.e. both the circular cylinder configuration and the normal flat plate configuration were used. Different flow regimes, from steady laminar wakes to transitional and turbulent wakes were explored. In all the cases, Direct Numerical Simulations were performed to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for an isothermal and Newtonian flow. Some results from the in-house PIV measurements were also presented. The characteristic features of the flow were investigated by means of frequency (both Fourier and Wavelet) analysis, three-dimensional flow visualizations and two-point correlations. Variations of the velocity and the pressure fields were also explored. The impact of the base pressure on the vortex formation process was elaborated. Reynolds-averaged statistical quantities were presented and the underlying flow physics were discussed.


Significant improvement of energy confinement has been observed on JFT-2M during ICRF heating. This improvement is preceded by a sudden drop in the Hα/Dα emission and a successive increase in stored plasma energy, electron density and radiation loss. This is believed to be the same phenomenon as the H-mode transition observed in ASDEX, and in PDX divertor experiments with neutral beam injection. However, in JFT-2M, this transition is observed both in limiter discharges and in open divertor configurations.


Total synthesis of 9,10-dideoxyrhodomycinone(30) which is the late-stage precursor of naturally occuring -rhodomycinone(1) is described. After phthalide sulfone 4 was converted to naphthalide sulfone 12 by the several step. Michale addition of naphthalide sulfone 12 which was converted to an anion with 5-ethyl-1,3-cyclohexenone(21) gave a good yield of linearly condensed tetracyclic ketone compound 26. The keto group of 26 was reduced with sodium borohydride and protected by methyl group to afford compound 28. 9,10-Dideoxy--rhodomycinone(30) was synthesized from pentamethoxy tetracyclic compound 28 by oxidative demethylation and demethylation of 29.


Objective To investigate effect and mechanism of Qindan capsule(QC)-containing serum on proliferation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts(AF).Methods AFs from the thoracic aorta of rats were cultured in vitro by a tissue explant.The proliferation and migration of AF affected by siRNA-Smad2 and QC-containing serum with high [750mg/(kg·d)] or low doses [150mg/(kg·d)] were detected by MTT and Transwell.mRNA and protein expressions of Smad2 and Smad7 were observed by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results After stimulation by TGF-β1 for 24 h,the proliferation and migration of AF were higher compared with those untreated.Knockdown of Smad2 and QC-containing serum with high and low doses inhibited proliferation and migration of AF(P0.05).And drug-containing serum could downregulate expression of Smad2,while up-regulating expression of Smad7(P0.01).Conclusion QC-containing serum has a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and migration of AF induced by TGF-β1.The mechanism may be related to the TGF-β1/ Smads signaling pathway.


Abstract : An aerodynamic molecular beam and phase sensitive detection system were used to investigate the spatial distributions of nitrogen molecules scattered from solid nitrogen for (1) incident beam energies of 0.44 ev (source stagnation temperature (T(o)) = 1440K) to 0.88 ev (T(o) = 2760K), (2) incident angles (with respect to surface normal) of 30 to 70 deg, and (3) a surface temperature of 23K. Highly lobular reflected distributions centered 15 deg from the surface opposite the incident beam were observed with position and shape independent of incident energy and angle. The capture coefficient decreased sharply with increasing beam energy and incident angle from normal. A limited investigation of a nitrogen-argon mixture was also undertaken. The reflected spatial distributions for the components were similar to those observed for the individual pure gases. A seeding effect in the expansion was observed to accelerate the heavier gas. Transient effects were also investigated.


to continue, but probably will increase and be buttressed by actions from the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice. So once again it appears that medicine and health become the crucible in which social policy for the future is formed. It is easy enough to dismiss all of this simply as harassment, as one more undeserved and malicious attack upon medicine, or as a further expression of antiprofessionalism and anti-intellectualism in our egalitarian society-or even as a federal agency simply doing what it was created to do. But it is more than these. It is yet another rather simplistic approach to solving the problem of the rising cost of health care, and another one based on a false assumption-the assumption this time apparently being that the cost can be controlled if health care is considered as a simple trade and if the rules of the marketplace are imposed upon it. This assumption is apparently made in the face of a substantial amount of evidence that the rules of the marketplace are inappropriate and ill-fitted to the problems of health care, and simply do not work in this area. But beyond this, the FTC approach to health will have profound technologic and social consequences if it is pursued to its conclusion. If the apparatus by which the professions perform their special role in their special disciplines is destroyed, the professions themselves will become impotent and unable to meet the needs for special knowledge and skills which are utterly essential for the smooth working of an increasingly complex technological society. So far as is known there has been no thought given to this outcome, nor has there been any discussion of it. In medicine the FTC approach would return quality control of medical education and patient care to the marketplace, which is precisely where it was before 1910, when there were no professional standards or controls on medical education or patient care. One can only conclude that this is likely to be a significantly retrogressive step in the further evolution of American medicine and of the American dream. But whether retrogressive or not, it is even more disturbing that a step which is likely to have such profound societal consequences should have been decided upon in the relative secrecy of an independent federal agency with no apparent consultation or discussion with anyone concerning the possible consequences of its actions. But be this as it may, what then is the recourse? The dollar costs of opposing actions of the FTC can be very great and it is already clear that they are beyond the means of many professional organizations who consequently have had no alternative but to capitulate. Perhaps the FTC staff and the commissioners themselves can become better informed of the likely social consequences of dismantling the professions of this nation in today's complex technological world. And perhaps, best of all, this important policy issue can and should be taken to Congress where it should probably have been decided in the first place. It is not yet too late and we urge that this be done soon. This is a civic responsibility in the interest of the citizens of the nation. -MSMW


Signs and Symptoms of Athletic Injuries provides a comprehensive analysis of injuries that can occur, their signs and symptoms, accompanied by visuals. The first chapter provides definitions of terms that are used throughout the text and a classification of injuries. The following chapters discuss the general body areas and the specific injuries that occur to these areas, and lists the injuries by their medical terminology, common terminology, mechanism or cause of the injury or condition, symptoms, signs, classification of the injury, and special test for evaluating the injury or condition. A chapter is also included on the symptoms and signs of general medical conditions related to sports, accompanied by photographs and visuals.


The author of "How We Die" combines his clinical knowledge and a sense of wonder to explore the human body, explaining how our myriad, multifarious cells work and how they organize themselves to protect our bodies from threats to our wellbeing and safety. The book's topics range from the complex detail of DNA to the engineering of the circulatory system, and through accounts of life-and-death emergencies and case histories the author takes readers close to his own experience as a practising surgeon and physician. He also seeks to move beyond mechanics and biology to explore the human spirit.


SUMMARY In1986 a RoyalCollege ofSurgeons WorkingParty published guidelines, based on over 15yearsofclinical research bothhereandintheU.S.A., on whentoperform skull X-rays on a headinjury patient. Inthisretrospective studytherecorded details of405patients whopresented toan accident andemergency(A&E)departmentover a 3-monthperiod in1991areanalysed, andtheReport criteria applied toeachone toassesswhethertheguidelines arebeingfollowed inperforming a skull X-ray. According totheseguidelines, 191ofthesepatients (47.2%) should havebeenX-rayed, however, only83were. Onlyone patient was thought tohave beenX-rayed inappropriately. TheReport criteria mostcommonlythought bythe A&E doctors nottowarrantskull X-ray, were lossofconsciousness, amnesia, dizziness, blurred vision, headache, andalcohol intoxication. Thereasonswhythese criteria arebeing ignored areexamined, andtogether with reference torecentstudies, slight alterations totheWorkingPartyguidelines are suggested tomakethemmore applicable toeveryday clinical situations ofhead injury encountered ina casualty department.


HE NATIONAL income and product accounts (NIPAs) of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) include two alternative measures of economic output: gross domestic product (GDP) and gross do mestic income (GDI). GDP is an expenditure-based measure and is estimated based on spending on final goods and services. GDI is an income-based measure and is estimated based on income generated in the production of goods and services. Before the recession that began in the fourth quarter of 2007 and ended in the second quarter of 2009, GDI growth was generally lower than GDP growth, which has generated discus sion about whether the source data and adjustments that underlie GDP reflect enough economic cyclicality. This article explores an alternative: whether the source data and adjustments that underlie GDI reflect too much economic cyclicality and whether this effect may explain a significant share of the difference between GDP and GDI during the downturn. In particular, this article identifies and explains the following four factors that require adjustments to convert financial- or tax


In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of people experienced travel disruptions and tourism destinations felt the economic sting of low visitor numbers. Using online interviews, this study followed 29 surfers over the course of 6 months to explore their experiences of the pandemic as travelers and hosts within tourism destinations in the U.S., Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, the Caribbean, and Latin America. It examines the effect of the pandemic on their travel plans, travel experiences, and tourism destinations where they lived. Many participants experienced travel disruptions and had to go through different decision-making and behavioral processes when they did travel. They also had conflicting feelings about decreased numbers of tourists at the beginning of the pandemic and when tourists began to return. The results have implications for travel companies to maintain flexible policies and the need to diversify coastal economies and possibly implement more separation between tourists and residents.


In this paper we describe our solution to the WSDM Cup 2017 Triple Scoring task. Our approach generates a relevance score based on the textual description of the triple's subject and value (Object). It measures how similar (related) the text description of the subject is to the text description of its values. The generated similarity score can then be used to rank the multiple values associated with this subject. We utilize the Paragraph Vector algorithm to represent the unstructured text into fixed length vectors. The fixed length representation is then employed to calculate the similarity (relevance) score between the subject and its multiple values. Our experimental results have shown that the suggested approach is promising and suitable to solve this problem.


Various generalizations of binary Boolean bent functions have some applications in both binary and multiple-valued domain. The generalized Boolean functions having binary variables but taking four different values are of a special interest due to simple realizations. In this paper, we study how relationships between binary bent functions and generalized Boolean bent functions with quaternary values can be used to construct these functions.


The Indonesian nation does not yet have its product national criminal system. The current national criminal law system is the legal system left by the Dutch colonialists. The national criminal law system must be built based on the ideals of the nation contained in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution. The research aims to formulate a future profile of national criminal law in Indonesia. This research uses a philosophical approach, which is to analyze the ideal law in the future. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate the existence of criminal law in society as crime prevention through criminal law laws. Criminal law has a repressive and preventive function. Criminal law is part of the overall law that applies in a country in implementing criminal provisions. The Indonesian nation needs its own national criminal law system. The national criminal law is a criminal law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution which applies nationally in Indonesia. Having its national criminal law for the Indonesian people is an effort to reveal national identity by the hopes and ideals of the independence of the Indonesian nation. The national criminal law profile ideally is the ideal of Pancasila law which is the perspective of the Indonesian people and places the bonds of togetherness and kinship ties as the core of the social life of the Indonesian people. The national criminal law system must be oriented to three pillars, namely: oriented to the values of "God"; oriented to the values of "Humanity"; and oriented to "Society" values.


Disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are a method of sending a message in local area network, a local area network gateway, and a wearable device, for intelligently and accurately establishing a service communication between a local area network member and a called party when the local area network member is not sure whether or not the called party is carrying a communication device, and does not know the location of the called party. The method in the embodiments of the present invention comprises: receiving, by a local area network gateway, a service request sent by a first device accessing the local area network and containing a called object identifier and a service type; sending, to a wearable device corresponding to the called object identifier, a notification message containing a second device list supporting the service type; acquiring information of the second device selected by a user via the wearable device; and establishing a communication connection supporting the service type between the first device and the second device such that the first device and the second device communicate.


The National Ignition Facility requires a radiation-hardened, megapixel CMOS imaging sensor-based camera to be a direct physical and operational replacement for the CCD cameras currently used in x-ray streak cameras and gated imaging detectors. The first phase is a radiation-tolerant camera for characterization of radiation effects on the imaging sensor. This will be followed by a fully hardened version. The radiation-tolerant camera, based on the 2k by 2k CMV4000 sensor from CMOSIS Inc., has been built and optical performance was measured. Camera parts were selected to operate up to 10 krad(Si) and the camera incorporates a fast charge and dump of the sensor pixels, followed by image readout. This allows the dumping of charge due to the prompt radiation noise and then readout of the longer persistence phosphor signal from the x-ray diagnostics.


Electrochemical passivation of InAs/GaSb type-II strain layer superlattice detectors is presented. Thickness and composition of the deposited sulphur coating were determined using auger electron spectroscopy. Passivation lead to a decrease in the dark current density and the dynamic impedance-area product at zero bias (R0A) improved by three orders of magnitude at 50 K.


: Surface texturing is one of the surface modification techniques which deliberately change the texture of the surface, in order to improve, among other things, its tribological performance. This is obtained through different patterns, which can be on micro or nano scale, created on the contact surfaces. The performance of a textured surface depends on the shape, geometry and pattern of the surface texture and the operating condition of the components in contact. There is a number of various techniques for surface texturing, among which laser surface texturing is most often used. The different surface texture shapes, different textured area ratios and patterns, different lubrication regimes with different contact geometries and materials have been subject of theoretical and experimental research for many years. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of researches that consider various surface texturing for tribological application, as well as its effect on performance enhancement. Conclusions of this paper may provide guidance for optimal design of surface textures in practical engineering applications.


PURPOSE: A sterilizer using atmospheric pressure plasma and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to enable rapid sterilizing process and to prevent the damage due to heat using plasma of a low temperature in the atmospheric pressure. CONSTITUTION: A sterilizer using atmospheric pressure plasma comprises: a first electrode(110) which is connected to a ground voltage; a second electrode(120) which is located on a position facing to the first electrode; an insulator(130) which is located between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a power supply unit(140) sanctioning the power to the second electrode. The plasma is atmospheric pressure plasma which is generated on the upper part of the first electrode.


The structure and functions of SmartPM5100 fire appliances power monitoring system were introduced.The network topologies of device power monitoring system were analyzed,and the design guidelines were described. The fire appliances power monitoring system judges the faults,such as open circuit,short circuit,overpressure,under voltage,over current,default phase,and overload,by monitoring the current,voltage and switching value. The power monitoring system can alarm and record the faults,and carry on the self-inspection.


This paper deals with some topics linked to Mediterranean greenhouses design, giving a special emphasis on the estimation of greenhouse cooling needs in order to avoid heat and crop water stress during the warm season. The following issues will be discussed: (i) the estimation of greenhouse cooling requirements, taking into account the outside climate and the rate of crop evapotranspiration (ii) the formulas and procedures for designing the cooling equipment, giving a particular attention to natural ventilation and evaporative cooling systems, (iii) the relevance of using canopy temperature as a design criterion and (iv) the usefulness of greenhouse climate models as a tool for optimizing greenhouse design. In the conclusion, some general recommendations and criteria are highlighted in order to improve the design methodology, with a better integration of agronomic criteria (crop requirements) and grower's objectives into the classical approach currently used in greenhouse engineering.


Abstract Recognizing the inflexibility inherent in standard capital budgeting analysis, recent research has provided new insights using a real options framework. This paper uses the explicit finite difference approach to value real options. However, instead of assuming a constant return and volatility term, we assume that these variables are sensitive to changes in the economic environment. Accordingly, we adapt our approach to incorporate a Markov switching feature. Further, we recognize that some of the modeling assumptions can be violated in a practical application. Therefore, we recommend using range based estimates of the real option value, as opposed to a point estimate. *This research was initiated when Andrea Vidozzi and Luca Vidozzi were graduate students at the College of Business and Management, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago.


In order to study the properties of radiation noise of single-propeller and contra-rotating propellers, the numerical simulation and computing was accomplished by using RNG turbulence model, LES turbulence model, FW-H acoustic analog equation and dynamic grid model. The open water performance of single propeller and contra-rotating propellers is calculated respectively, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the published results. Then the flow field properties of single propeller and contralateral propeller are compared and analyzed, on this basis, acoustic signature analysis and computing on properties of radiation noise from underwater single-propeller and contra-rotating propellers was accomplished, the properties of pulsating sound pressure at the monitoring point are solved. From the computing results, it can be seen that there are line spectral components related to front and rear blade frequency in the noise power spectrum, the low frequency line spectrum of contra-rotating propellers is more abundant than that of single propeller.


At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations around the world rapidly transitioned to enforced remote work. We examined the relationship between personality and within-person changes in five job outcomes (self-reported performance, engagement, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intentions) during this transition. We conducted a four-wave longitudinal study, from May to August 2020, of employees working from home due to COVID-19, N = 974. On average, self-reported performance decreased over the course of the study, whereas the other outcomes remained stable. There was also significant between-person variability in job outcomes. Extroversion and conscientiousness, two traits traditionally associated with desirable outcomes, were associated with deteriorating outcomes over time. Extroverted employees and conscientious employees became less productive, less engaged, and less satisfied with their jobs; and extroverted employees reported increasing burnout. These results add to our understanding of how personality predicts within-person changes in performance, well-being, and turnover intentions during the pandemic.


The inclusion of the filmy fern Trichomanes petersii Gray in the Louisiana flora was previously based on a 1924 collection from near Covington in St. Tammany Parish (Brown & Correll, 1942). I am reporting seven new locations for this fern in Louisiana. Throughout most of its range, T. petersii grows on rocks or soil and is rarely reported as an epiphyte. But in all Louisiana locations, it was epiphytic. I found T. petersii on Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) and on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). On American Beech the fern usually occurs as a small population (ca. 25 cm2 or less) very close to the ground, usually on the buttress sides. On Southern Magnolia it usually forms large populations (ca. 900 cm2 or more) and is 3-10 dm above the base of the tree. In one location, the fern was about 3.5 m above the tree base. Southern Magnolia seems to be the preferred habitat; I have found 10 populations on it but only five on American Beech.


In surface reconstruction from slice samples (typical from medical imaging, coordinate measurement machines, stereolithography, etc.) the available methods attack the geometrical and topological aspects or combinations. Topological methods classify the events occurred in the 2-manifold between two consecutive slices. Geometrical methods synthesize the surface based on local proximity of contours in consecutive slices. Many of these methods work with modifications of Voronoi Delone (VD) techniques, applies on slices i and i+1. Superimposed 2D Voronoi Diagrams V Di and V Di+1 (used in surface reconstruction) present topological problems if, for example, a site of V Di lies on an site or an edge of V Di+1. The usual treatment of this problem in literature is to apply a geometrical disturbance to either V Di or V Di+1, thus eliminating the degeneracy. Recent works seek to quantify the amount of the disturbance applied in relation to the probability distribution of the event "change in the topology of VD". In this article, in contrast, virtual disturbances are proposed and implemented, which allow the application of subsequent steps of the algorithm at hand (in this case, tetrahedra construction for surface reconstruction) without regard to the geometrical exception. Tetrahedra (or any other downstream constructs) can then be instantiated as per non-degenerate conditions. Although this method is applied for surface reconstruction, it gives insight as to how to circumvent degeneracies in procedures based on VD methods.


Abstract. According to research to date, sprawl negatively affects the lives of millions of Americans annually. Fortunately, in the U.S., several states have designed and enacted growth management programs to curb its expansion. But have they been effective? Following up on work by just a handful of other research teams, we control for land area, population, fuel cost, per capita income, passenger-miles of public transportation use, congestion, and crime rates as factors causing change in land area in a 1982-2005 panel data of 85 metropolitan areas. We examine so-called "smart growth" programs by state from their effective dates of implementation rather than their enactment dates. We find that anti-sprawl policies only in the State of Washington seem to curb sprawl. Additions to highway mileage induces sprawl in metropolitan areas regardless of the status of state smart growth programs. In contrast, additions to principal arterials roadways appear to increase sprawl only in states without smart growth programs. So transportation planners in smart growth states may be "damned if they do and damned if they don't" since not only does highway building cause sprawl but so does the non-build alternative since it results in greater congestion, which also seem to induce sprawl there. Finally, we find evidence that reducing central-city violent crime rates and increasing fuel costs also appear to most effective in reducing sprawl.


Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. Among patients infected with influenza, the presence of bacterial co‐infection is associated with worse clinical outcomes; less is known regarding the clinical importance of viral co‐infections. The objective of this study was to determine rates of viral co‐infections in emergency department (ED) patients with confirmed influenza and association of co‐infection with disease severity.


Recent (2000–2009) achievements on ditopic ligands are reviewed. The ditopic ligands are mainly represented by N-, P-, O-, and S-containing organic molecules or their N, O-, N, S-, and N, P-combinations with azine, azole, amine, azide, β-diketone, crown ether, carboxylate, phenanthroline, oxazoline, phosphole, and thiophene moieties, among others. A series of mono- and polynuclear transition and f-metal complexes with these ligands, in particular cluster- and supramolecular unit-containing complexes, have been obtained and characterized spectroscopically and electrochemically.


Background: Considerable attention has been paid to evaluating the roles and relationships of professionals participating in team-based or collaborative practice; however, less attention has been paid to exploring the patients' views and impact of such practice despite claims of it being patient-centred. Objectives: To examine the relationship between patient and provider characteristics and patients' ratings of measures of quality of care and integration, and to explore the patient views of care delivered in a patient-centred collaborative study involving chiropractors and physicians. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Method: A mixed methods sequential approach with a quantitative priority was used in data analysis. Quantitative data were collected from 2597 patients participating in a collaborative study involving chiropractors and physicians and 530 patients attending chiropractors not


Purpose: To report a case of extensive syphilitic punctate inner retinitis (SPIR) triggering bilateral macular ischemia after intravitreal triamcinolone injections, and the multimodal retinal imaging findings.Case summary: A 69-year-old male patient with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was transferred to our hospital because of bilateral visual deterioration (to counting fingers) after the first intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Fundus examination revealed numerous yellow punctate precipitates in the superficial retinae, retinal arteriolitis, and vitritis. The punctate lesions and surrounding retinal regions showed decreased vascular density on optical coherence tomography angiography, and focal hypofluorescence on fluorescein angiography. The patient was positive for all of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination; we diagnosed bilateral SPIR. After treatment with aqueous crystalline penicillin solutions (24 million units per day for 14 days), the punctate lesions reduced but arteriolitis progressed to obliterative vasculitis. After 6 months, the bilateral SPIR and vitritis resolved, and the bilateral visual acuity improved to 20/100. However, inner retinal and macular ischemia persisted because of capillary nonperfusion attributable to obliterative vasculitis.Conclusions: Extensive SPIR can develop after an initial intravitreal steroid injection; the inner retinal ischemia and visual loss may persist after treatment because obliterative vasculitis develops. Therefore, patients scheduled for intravitreal steroid injections should be screened for syphilis infection.


In this paper, our main goal is to design a solution that adds expressive smart contract execution support as a subsystem to existing legacy blockchain systems. The primary usage of our solution is to enhance systems like Bitcoin that have no built-in smart contract capabilities. The secondary usage is to extend the contract execution capabilities of platforms like Ethereum that support contracts but have severe limitations on the complexity of allowed computations.


Photoinduced intramolecular events of newly synthesized bis(carbazole trimer)-C60 adducts have been studied by laser flash photolysis techniques in polar and nonpolar solvents. For bis(tert-butyl-substituted carbazole trimer)-C60 adduct, charge separation takes place via the excited singlet state of the C60 moiety in polar solvents as revealed by the combination of the C60-fluorescence quenching and transient absorptions of the radical ion pair. On the other hand, for bis(nonsubstituted carbazole trimer)-C60 adduct, although charge separation takes place, the charge recombination is fast because of the lower electron-donor ability.


Due to the integration of the European market, the globalization process, and the rising importance of technological innovation, there has been a surge in cross-border acquisition strategy for European firms. Innovative technology and experience are the main drivers behind firms' acquisition imperatives to realize sound performance. Based on the resource-based view and organizational learning perspective, our empirical research focuses on the effects of European firms' innovative capabilities and experience on their acquisition performance when targeting United States firms. The results indicate that both innovative capabilities and experience have a positive effect on acquisition performance. This suggests that in order to have successful acquisition performance, European firms need to reinforce their innovative capabilities and commit to accumulating experience in articulating cross-border acquisition strategy. In addition, we discuss the interaction effect that relatedness has on the acquisition performance of European firms. Our findings indicate that related acquisitions associated with redundant or similar innovative capabilities and acquisition experience hinder acquisition performance. We posit that relatedness has a negative moderating effect on acquisition performance.


This paper focuses on the way in which Feuerbach's attempt to develop a naturalistic, realist remodeling of Hegel's relational ontology, which culminated in his own version of "sensualism", led him to emphasize the vulnerability of the subject and the role of affectivity, thus making object-dependence a constitutive feature of subjectivity. We find in Feuerbach the first lineaments of a philosophical theory of object-relations, one that anticipates the well-known psychological theory of the same name, but one that also offers a broader metaphysical basis in which all types of "essential objects" are shown to matter to subjectivity. This Feuerbachian theory of object-relations, the paper then argues, foreshadows a number of important developments in 20th century post-Hegelian philosophy. In it can be found an anticipation of Adorno's later theory of mimesis. Equally, this theory already emphasizes the "libidinal" nature of intentionality, in a way that announces Merleau-Ponty's ontology of the flesh. Finally, the last section of the article proposes a model with which we might reconstruct the way in which object-relations and self-relations can be brought together consistently. In this instance, Feuerbach uses concepts that announce Freud's notion of "primary narcissism". One contemporary philosopher who has proposed a sophisticated model of subjectivity, in which primary narcissism is shown to complement object-dependence, is Axel Honneth. The last section argues that Feuerbach's full image of subjective identity as reciprocal scaffolding of self- and object-relations reminds strongly of Honneth's core concept of "positive self-relation".


We demonstrate a polarization independent semiconductor optical amplifier using low tensile bulk separate confinement heterostructure. Internal gain as high as 30 dB with polarization sensitivity lower than 1 dB is obtained in a structure with 0.15% tensile strain.


Aim: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and spectrum of parasites in chronic diarrhea among AntiRetroviral Therapy (ART) naive, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients in Kano, northern Nigeria. Recently, coepidemic of diarrhea and HIV has been on the increase especially in the developing areas of sub-Saharan Africa resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of parasitosis and spectrum of associated parasites were determined in 95 ART naïve HIV infected patients with chronic diarrhea at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH), in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Stool samples were analyzed microscopically using concentrated method; Kinyoun modified acid-fast stain and trichrome stain techniques for the detection of oocytes and spores of parasites respectively. The prevalence of parasitosis was evaluated in relation to demographic characteristics of the study population. Results: Analysis showed that 52 (54.7%) ART naïve HIV infected patients had parasitosis comprising mainly Entamoeba histolytica (21, 22.1%), Microsporidia (16, 16.8%), Cryptosporidia (12,12.6%), Hookworm (6,6.3%). Multiple parasitosis were observed in 13 (13.7%) patients. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in age (P=0.23), gender (P=0.06) and weight (P=0.90) of the patients in relation to the prevalence of parasitosis. Conclusion: The high (54.7%) prevalence of parasitosis among ART naïve HIV infected patients at AKTH and IDH calls for adoption of routine diagnosis with specific and sensitive technique for the detection of parasitosis to guide all inclusive chemotherapy for this category of patients.


It was studied the recovery of body condition (BC) and carcass electrical stimulation (ES) on the yield, carcass and meat characteristics of Santa Ines ewes, discarded by age and slaughtered immediately after weaning or after a 45 days of recovery period. The recovery of BC increased the slaughter weight (+3.60%) and carcass weight (+16.10%) decreased the loss during the refrigeration (-47.00%) and increased the yield carcass (+12.00%), increased the subcutaneous fat thickness (+ 47.80%) and fat pelvic and renal deposition (+ 69.20) increased the height (+8.30%) and the total weight of loin (24.60%) and do not changed the decline of temperature and carcass pH. Electrical stimulation of the carcass do not changed the temperature variation but accelerated the decreased in pH values of 6.50 and 6.59; 5.98 and 5.91; 5.88 and 5.84 and 5.78 and 5.76, respectively for times of 15 min., 6; 12 and 24 hours after bleeding for thin and fat animals respectively. The body condition recovery and the electrical stimulation of the Santa Ines ewes carcass, discarded by age, increased the yield and carcass characteristics and accelerated the meat pH decline, providing adequate conditions for the muscle conversion into meat.


This article aims to establish that there has been a Mexican experimental literature going on for the last two decades. Since said concept is usually associated with the narrative of the 1970s, we take on the authors of the so-called "Crack Generation" and their Manifesto to recall their intentions to write demanding novels following those experimental models from the past. Therefore our first intention is to draw back from that term and then offer a brief overview of what it is actually happening in contemporary Mexican narrative in relation with that kind of literature and the authors who want to bring it back. Then we will analyze Ricardo Chavez Casatneda's Fernanda y los mundos secretos, mostly focusing on both its structure and the use of language. Our aim is to highlight those elements to be helpful on establishing if there is a possibility to either think if the category "experimental" is appropriate or not. On studying one work in detail, our main objective is to prove the existence of texts that show formal risks that allow us to think of a category such as "experimental" to define them.


Jin Shang brought about the development of North China regional economy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.They advanced the economic exchanges between North China and the other regions of the country and helped North China integrate into the nationwide market through engaging in transporting different goods for sale over a long distance,played a positive role in pushing forward the rise and prosperity of new commercial cities in North China through setting up all kinds of shops in these cities,played an important role in adjusting finacial circulation through opening all kinds of finacial organs such as pawnshops,money houses,exchange shops,etc.


In a river, sediment discharge, which goes through erosion, transport, and deposition by flowing water, is important data for river projects. The transport of river sediment occurs depending on the conveyance of a channel as the basin sediment discharge, which has been introduced to the river via the outflow of the basin by the erosion of fertile topsoil or ground surface due to rainfall in the target basin, and the sediment eroded within the channel is mixed together. River sediment is a major factor for river formation and ecological habitat, and is a field that is difficult to analyze or predict. For the abandoned channel restoration of the Mangyeong River, this study aimed to develop a discharge-suspended sediment load rating curve by collecting suspended load and bed material at the Bong-dong gauging station, which is a test section. The developed discharge-suspended sediment load rating curve was proposed based on the existing discharge data and the measured sediment load. The measured data and the rating curve will be used as the major data for stability and habitat restoration during channel restoration.


This research work investigates factors affecting personal financial decisions by examining the relationships among three factors including personal financial experience, financial thinking and financial knowledge. The research model is examined using a survey approach on the management students in Coimbatore. In the paper, Frequencies, Mean, ANOVA and SEM Model were used in carrying out analysis. The study identified that overall financial decision of the students is affected by some of their demographic, educational and personality characteristics. Students need a little help with budgeting, understanding credit and skills to save for the future. This paper could be useful references for related organizations as well as financial institutes that are interested in developing personal financial management in a context of emerging economies like Coimbatore.


Graphical Abstract The fi gureshowstheincidenceofclinicalversustotalstrokesasdeterminedbysymptomsandMRIimaging. Strokeswhether diagnosed by symptoms or only by MRI imaging, without typical clinical symptoms, were associated with impaired cognition and quality of life.


The ultrasonic method developed to measure the dispersed phase holdups in dispersion systems is based on the fact that the velocity of ultrasound in the dispersion is different from that in the liquid. The relationships between velocity differences in the term of transmission time differences of ultrasound and gas holdup in a gas-liquid system and solid holdup in a liquid-solid system were derived. The holdups became linearly dependent on the time differences, which is in agreement with the experimental data. Based on those relations, a model for simultaneous measurement of gas and solid holdups in three-phase systems is proposed. The model permits measurement of the dispersed phase holdups by measuring the transmission time of ultrasound transmitted through the dispersions in two frequencies. It allows investigation of local holdups distributions in a bubble column and in a suspended bubble column.


100 mucocysts were reviewed in 93 patients. Surgical removal was done in 66 cases, associated with an osteophytectomy in 38 cases (57 p. cent). Among the 5 recurrence observed (7.6 p. cent), 3 occurred after simple excision, 2 occurred after associated osteophytectomy.


Rationale: Patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) have increased morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive assessment relies on echocardiograms (echos), which are technically challenging in this population. Improved assessment could augment decisions regarding PH therapies. Objectives: We hypothesized that neonatal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will correlate with BPD severity and predict short-term clinical outcomes, including need for PH therapies for infants with BPD. Methods: A total of 52 infants (31 severe BPD, 9 moderate BPD, and 12witheither mild ornoBPD)wereimagedbetween39and47weeks postmenstrual age on a neonatal-sized, neonatal ICU – sited 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. MR left ventricular eccentricity index(EI),mainpulmonaryartery – to-aorta(PA/AO)diameterratio, and pulmonary arterial blood fl ow were determined. Echos obtained for clinical indications were reviewed. MRI and echo indices were compared with BPD severity and clinical outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), duration of respiratory support, respiratory support at discharge, and PH therapy. Measurements and Main Results: PA/AO ratio increased with BPD severity. Increased PA/AO ratio, MR-EI, and echo-EIs were associated with increased LOS and duration of respiratory support. No correlation was seen between pulmonary arterial blood fl ow and BPD outcomes. Controlling for gestational age, birth weight, and BPD severity, MR-EI was associated with LOS and duration of respiratory support. Increased PA/AO ratio and MR-EI were associated with PH therapy during hospitalization and at discharge. Conclusions: MRI can provide important image-based measures of cardiac morphology that relate to disease severity and clinical outcomes in neonates with BPD.


Recently, Social Network Service(SNS) has been increasingly recognized as not only an important part of individuals' lives and our society but also one of major business areas in today's internet environment. Many companies use SNS to communicate with their customers, enhance the image of the brand and encourage repeat visits. The aims of this study is as follows : (a) to investigate the characteristics of the SNS message, and (b) to examine how these factors influence the message attitude and willingness to revisit a store. The characteristics of SNS messages are categorized as information, customer communication, and customer participation in this study. And for the empirical study, the survey of questionnaire was investigated. The subjects of the questionnaire were limited to experienced SNS users. The results of the data analysis showed that the characteristics of information and customer participation message had a positive influence on the message attitude. Also, the message attitude had a significant impact on the continuous intention to revisit.


Abstract
Because it has good intra and interobserver reproducibility, Gleason`s score is widely used for the histopathological assessment of prostate carcinomas. This was a nationwide study assessing the interobserver agreement of uropathologists, general pathologists and pathology residents, concerning the use of Gleason`s score. Slides from 30 patients, with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma confirmed by analysis of the prostatectomy specimen and immunohistochemical analysis of high-molecular weight cytokeratin, were randomly selected from the needle-guided prostate biopsy specimens of the Cito Cytopathology Laboratory, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, during the period June 1998 through July 1999. Each slide was photographed at three magnification powers: 40, 100 and 200x. The photos from the 30 cases were made available on-line, for grading of the biopsy materials, in the website of the Pathology Department of the School of Medicine of the Juiz de Fora Federal University (www.patologia.ufjf.br), along with an invitation letter and demographic questionnaire, addressed to pathologists accessing the PATOCTO website (email@example.com). Grading results were graphically plotted according to the percentages of correct diagnoses and against the demographic data. "True" diagnosis was considered that for which Gleason`s score reached higher consensus. Mean total agreement was 65.20%, with maximum agreement of 79.68% for the score considered to be the "true" diagnosis. This reproducibility index with identical score, with + or – 1 variation in the score considered to be the "true" diagnosis, reached 85%, consistent with data by Gleason himself and the literature. This experience presents an important on-line tool which may be used for continuing medical education.
Key words: Prostatic neoplasms; observer variation; Biopsy, Needle; internet;


Scott, F. R.S., for saying that the amount of rainfall is well determined in scarcely a large town in England; and in Plymouth the gauges are peculiarlymisplaced, being either on the tops of houses where the draught through the streets interferes considerably with correct results, or in sheltered spots. In my own case, the gauge is situate on the edge of a vertical wall twenty-six feet six inches from the ground, and is sheltered from S. S.W. to W. by N. by another house. Experiments conducted by Mr. Chrimes of Rotherham, and published by Mr. J. G. Symons in his British Rainifall, show that the amount decreases with elevation ; and for the height of my gauge about i6 per cent. should be allowed. From the Rotherham experiments, -extending over fifty-six months, Mr. Strachan, F.M.S., has calculated that the mean inclination of rain is 42 deg. from the vertical (Brit. Rainfall, 1870, p. 53); and, as the highest part of the chimneys of the adjacent house makes an angle of 45 deg. with the vertical, there can be but little effect from its position, although with a strong wind some rain must be lost to my gauge. Then, again, I have observed that, when the rain accompanies a south-east wind, the latter strikes against the wall, is forced over it, and carries the rain away from the gauge. From these causes it would be manifestly unfair to draw comparisons between the amount as measured by me and the rainfall at other places. For example, at Tavistock, about fourteen miles due north, and nearer the moor, the measurement is many inches more than at Plymouth, whilst at Dartmoor prisons nearly double the amount is registered. Although so near the sea, and in the path of the counter trades, yet we sometimes, but rarely, experience a want of rain; for example, from March i8th to July 2nd, I870, during which time, if we omit a thunder-shower on the 12th May, only 1.3 inches of rain fell in io6 days: in fact, the whole year was very dry, there being but -§of the average rainfall. We go many days in the year without a sight of the sun, the sky being completely overcast ; and it is but seldom our atmosphere is free from cloud. I have said nothing about the ozone at Plymouth, because I have kept no record of the amount; and until some method be adopted for measuring the amount of nitric and other acids in the atmosphere, with the quantity of air which passes over the test-papers, no reliance can be put in the amount of ozone measured by the colour given to these papers. When I speak of ozone, I mean that peculiar condition of oxygen which renders it more readily able to combine with other elements, and thus it neutralises what obnoxious gases the atmosphere may contain. From its powerful oxidising properties, it is generally considered an allotropic condition of oxygen; and Professor Tyndall


The goal of the research is describing the green hotel application program of the hotel industries in Yogyakarta, creation of competitiveness in tourism destination. Subject of the research is whole member of Indonesia Hotel & Restaurant Association, (PHRI) Yogyakarta, which classified as four and five star hotel, and have an environment document or green hotel certificate. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The research shows that the green hotels standard application in Yogyakarta, in general have done environmentally friendly practice, but there are a few problems such as inconsistency done of hotel staff, consciousness of guest is less, not enough socialization and some have perception that green hotel application need high cost. Such problems necessary to be resolved by training socialization, build commitment, make green team and apply green tourism marketing strategy.


The clinical features, the principles of differential diagnosis, development of the concept of the pathogenesis of changes in the oral cavity using ceramic-metal dentures were determined. The degree of impact of dentures on the tissues of the oral cavity depends on the quality of their manufacture, physical-chemical properties of structural materials. Recently, there has been a tendency to increase the number of patients suffering from intolerance to metal inclusions located in the oral cavity (removable and non-removable dentures). In connection with the development and implementation in practice of a large number of new structural materials, which often have not passed full-fledged laboratory and clinical trials, as well as with the significant prevalence of immunodeficiency conditions among the population, the issues of biological tolerance of materials and prevention of possible electro-galvanic complications are especially important [5]. Thus, the prophylaxis of stomatitis and paresthesias before orthopedic treatment should consist in expanding a comprehensive examination of patients in the following areas: conducting microbiological studies and bio-potentialometry, monitoring oral hygiene, studying somatic status. Measurements of the pH of the patient's oral fluid were performed thrice, the readings of the device were recorded in the examination map. The accuracy of pH determination was established using preliminary testing of the device using standard solutions and litmus paper. Most (66.7%) patients had no visible pathological manifestations in the mouth, only 33.3% showed inflammation of the mucous membrane in the form of hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips, tongue, gingival hyperplasia.