Comparative study of single infections of domestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) with Nigerian isolates of Trypanosoma brucei (Gboko strain), and Trypanosoma congolense (Binchi strain) was carried out in the laboratory for clinical and haematological effects. Eighteen rabbits of 10-14 weeks old weighing between 600-1200 grams were used for the study. The rabbits of both sexes were randomly selected and divided into groups. The level of infection was studied by determining total red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin estimation, total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count, changes in body weight, mortality, rectal temperature changes and other clinical signs of trypanosomiasis. There was significant reduction (P<0.001) in the total red blood cell counts and haemoglobin level in the infected rabbits when compared to the control rabbits with the effect of being more pronounced in rabbits infected with T. congolense . Both parasites produced similar clinical symptoms which included weight loss, unthriftiness, anorexia, fever, paleness of mucous membrane, and oedema of the facial region. One death was recorded in each of the infected group. Possible reasons for the significant differences in the total red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total white blood cell count are discussed. Keywords: Single infections, T. brucei , T. congolense , rabbits, comparative


Metal nanomeshes are demonstrated as flexible transparent conductors with performance comparable to indium tin oxide. However, it is not known what the performance limits of these structures are in terms of transparency and sheet resistance. More importantly, the haze, which describes how much incident light is scattered by these structures, has not been studied. In this paper, the transmission, sheet resistance, and haze of metal nanomeshes are comprehensively studied to determine their fundamental performance limits as transparent conductors through simulations and experiments. Numerical simulations and analytical calculations are used to evaluate the tradeoffs and correlations between these three figures of merit. A strong correlation is found between haze and transmission, where structures with high transmission tend to have low haze and vice versa. Structures with a pitch above 1000 nm are beneficial for achieving transmission over 80% and larger thickness is favorable in reducing sheet resistance without significantly affecting transmission. Furthermore, metal nanomeshes are fabricated to verify simulation results. The haze may be primarily explained by Fraunhofer diffraction, but the spectral dependence of haze requires analysis with Mie scattering theory. The results should apply to all metal grid or grating‐like structures. The fundamental performance limits evaluated here are helpful for guiding engineering design and research prioritization.


The demographic history of Magnitogorsk in the early 1930s hasn't been studied yet. The author tries to analyze the process of demographic changes in Magnitogorsk and compare the results with everyday life of people, taking into consideration specific features of social and economic conditions.


The present invention discloses a level shift system and method for a voltage drive. One or more switches to control the system and method of the present invention relates to. The system includes a first converter circuit, the second switching circuit and the signal processing components. First conversion circuit configured to convert a first current based on at least a first converted voltage signal generating information associated with the first current. The second conversion circuit configured to convert the second current and voltage at least based on the second converted signal and generating a second information associated with the current. Signal processing component is configured to receive a first signal and the second converted voltage converted voltage signal, and generates an output signal based on at least the first converted voltage signal and the second converted voltage signal associated.


The purpose of our paper is to study the existence of α-fuzzy fixed point for multivalued fuzzy contraction mapping under Ciric type contractive condition in the setting of complete b-metric spaces and an example is given to support the main result.


The energy of a graph began with German physicist, Erich Hückel's 1931 paper, Quantenttheoretische Beiträge zum Benzolproblem. His work developed a method for computing the binding energy of the π-electrons for a certain class of organic molecules. The vertices of the graph represented the carbon atoms while the single edge between each pair of distinct vertices represented the hydrogen bonds between the carbon atoms. In turn, the chemical graphs were represented by an n × n matrix used in solving Schrödinger's eigenvalue/eigenvector equation. The sum of the absolute values of these graph eigenvalues represented the total π-electron energy. The criteria for constructing these chemical graphs and the chemical interpretations of all the quantities involved made up the Hückel Molecular Orbital theory or HMO theory. In this paper, we will show how the chemical interpretation of Hückel's graph energy evolved to a mathematical interpretation of graph energy that Ivan Gutman provided for us in his famous 1978 definition of the energy of a graph. Next, we will present Charles Coulson's 1940 theorem that expresses the energy of a graph as a contour integral and prove some of its corollaries. These corollaries allow us to order the energies of acyclic and bipartite graphs by the coefficients of their characteristic polynomial. Following Coulson's theorem and its corollaries we will look at McClelland's first theorem on the bounds for the energy of a graph. In the corollaries that follow McClelland's 1971 theorem, we will prove the corollaries that show a direct variation between the energy of a graph and the number of its vertices and edges. Finally, we will see how this relationship led to Gutman's conjecture that the complete graph on n vertices has maximal energy. Although this was disproved by Chris Godsil in 1981, we will provide an independent counterexample with the help of the software, Maple 13.


Genetically modified rice that contains beta-carotene, widely known as Golden Rice (GR), has not yet been introduced in any country. It was developed to address Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in low-income rice consumers, but currently needs much more development and testing before it can be introduced into farmers' fields. GR is the most famous biofortification effort undertaken with modern biotechnology, due to the initial publicity (e.g., the cover of Time magazine on July 31, 2000). As such, it has been a lightening rod for the debate about the use of GMOs in meeting nutritional needs. Thus, for this special issue on GM foods and biofortification, a review of the lessons learned from the GR case is crucial to understanding the political landscape for other biofortification efforts. GR shows both the dramatic nutritional benefits that can be achieved with use of modern biotechnology and the considerable hurdles to eventual adoption and impact. Below, this article presents the story of GR, including a review of the controversies regarding its development and the literature estimating ex-ante benefits, risks, and costs. The article closes with an assessment of the current prospects for GR and lessons for other biofortification efforts.


This paper addresses a design aspect of a front rail structure of an automobile body from the point of view of weight efficiency and energy absorption. Various ways of reinforcing the cross-section by an internal flange or diaphragm are investigated. The results are compared with a response of the empty square profile. Also, advantages of a full or partial internal reinforcing by means of aluminium foam of three different densities are assessed. It was shown through extensive numerical simulation that a diagonally positioned internal flange with suitable triggering dents can absorb four times more energy than a referred empty member. At the same time there is 3.4-fold increase in the specific energy absorption. Using the concept of foam filling with 3Mpa foam can still raise the above numbers to six and 3.67, respectively. The above results refer to extruded aluminium profiles.


Objective To study the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal dynamics of HFRS in Junan county to provide scientific evidence for adjustment and optimization of the integrate prevention and control strategy for HFRS in Shandong Province.Methods The probability models on spatial distribution of disease and quantitative indicators on spatial distribution of cases have been applied to analyze the characteristics of spatial distribution of HFRS from 1975 to 2004 in Junan county.Results From 1975 to 2004,the spatial distribution of HFRS in villages in Junan county has gone through from Poisson distribution to negative binomial distribution,and from negative binomial distribution to Poisson distribution.The epidemic process of HFRS in Junan county has gone through the following 5 stages:natural sporadic→local epidemic→outbreak→local epidemic→sporadic.Conclusions At present,the spatial structure of HFRS in Junan county is on low level in case density,and its epidemic characteristic is sporadic.The integrate prevention and control measures for HFRS should be established to keep the ecology balance between house-rat and wild-rat on the basis of the type of epidemic villages,spatio-temporal dynamic characteristic of HFRS,the main host animals and their living habits,and so on.


The paper considers the results of an experimental investigation of the process of compressed air supply between the drum brake friction surfaces. Recommendations are given for its further improvement.


Having been an exchange student, I think Dartington College of Arts taught me to be able to relate to creatives from different nationalities, background and cultures, to extrapolate or to create a common ground. Simon Persighetti once divided us into three groups and gave each group two or three objects, asking us to invent some games. He gave our group three picture-frames made of wood. I was working with another exchange student, Dorota from Poland, and three English students, Laura, Natalie and Robert. In our group we had the advantage of having three different cultures and languages. After half an hour we had tried a lot of possibilities and had even broken one of the picture-frames! At least we invented a multicultural game where the players sit on chairs in a circle. In the middle there is a broken piece of frame on the floor (one of its long sides). One player spins the piece of wood clockwise and whoever it points to when it stops is the person who starts the game. This is a counting game. Going clockwise in the circle we simply count one, two, three, four, five, etc. until one person makes a mistake, in which case they will miss a turn. If someone makes two mistakes they are out of the game. This sounds simple but it is complicated by the fact that everyone speaks in a different language. Dorota spoke in Polish and some of the English students spoke in French, German or Spanish (I spoke in Italian). I also had the possibility to interact with and learn from professionals from different countries, like when I took part in a workshop that started with a performance-lecture by the Norwegian company Baktruppen. They taught us students how to research and create a relationship among unrelated things to set up a performance or a piece of art. During this intensive workshop every student did several performances, often changing partners. In the fields around the college there were a lot of cows so we chose them as our subject. As none of us were vegetarian we developed a performance about how to cook a cow! Baktruppen has a tradition of working within a chaotic environment, so they encouraged us to put on a show in which there were two football teams playing a match, while another team was reading one of Ibsen's plays over a microphone. The names of the teams were Ibsen and Strindberg (citing Scandinavian culture and the origin of the Baktruppen Company). Every time a goal was scored the team that was reading the play would stop and make a note of who scored the goal and at which point in the play it was scored. If someone from a team was tired, they could take the place of a 'reading team' player. The final score was 14 all and at the end all the participants in the workshop ate pizza and chips and drank some beer with the Baktruppen Company. I found it strange how they used Ibsen's play and also their habit of drinking beer during the performance as part of the show with no fear for their voices! They did this so that they and the audience they involve could feel less inhibited. At the same time they used to work hard researching the physical and cultural environment in which they were going to perform.


Using a torque magnetometer, the crystal anisotropy constants of the permanent magnet alloy Alcomax III have been determined. The type of magneto-crystalline energy after rapid cooling is cubic with a positive constant (iron-like); after slow cooling cubic with a negative constant (nickel-like) and after cooling in a magnetic field uniaxial with a positive constant (cobalt-like). The changes in crystal anisotropy are compared with parallel measurements on the hysteresis curve. A direct experiment shows that when the field applied during cooling makes an angle with the crystal axes, the preferred direction is much nearer to a [100] axis than the field direction.


[Abstract]: Theories of economic and latent deprivation have been used by many researchers to explain the deterioration in well-being typically experienced by unemployed individuals. Using a new scale, this study looks at how well deprivation of the latent benefits of employment (i.e., Time Structure, Social Contact, Collective Purpose, Enforced Activity, and Status) predicts psychological distress after other key predictors have been controlled. A standard multiple regression found that the latent benefits accounted for a significant 14 per cent of the variance in distress, as measured by the GHQ-12, but only Time Structure emerged as a significant unique predictor of distress. After controlling for Self-Esteem, PA, NA, Satisfaction with Employment Status, Employment Commitment, and Financial Strain in a hierarchical regression, the latent benefits were unable to significantly predict well-being. These results cast some doubt over the role of latent deprivation as proposed by Jahoda (1982) and suggest that it could play a more indirect role in the prediction of well-being.


One of the grave consequences of the Chernobyl accident was the in utero irradiation of children. It was the- refore important to study possible effects of prenatal irradiation resulted from the Chernobyl accident on neuro- mental health of the in utero irradiated children. A cohort of 154 children born between April 26 th ,1986 and February 26 th ,1987 to mothers who had been evacuated from Prypiat to Kiev,and 143 classmates from Kiev were examined. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC),the Achenbach and Rutter A(2) tests were used for the children. School performance was also assessed. Mothers were examined with the verbal subs- cale of the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale (WAIS),the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS),PTSD scales (Impact of Events Scale and Irritability,Depression,Anxiety Scales) and the General Health Question- naire (GHQ-28). Neuropsychiatric diseases were diagnosed according to ICD-10. Individual dose reconstruc- tion of the children exposed in utero was carried out considering internal and external exposure. The ICRP Publication-88 was applied for calculation of effective fetal,brain and thyroid internal doses for children of both groups. The mean effective fetal equivalent doses (M±SD) in the exposed group is 65.4±33.9 mSv and in the control group 1.2±0.3 mSv. Prenatal equivalent brain doses were 19.2±11.3 mSv and 0.8±0.2 mSv for the exposed and control groups,respectively. Thyroid doses in utero were 760.4±631.8.1 mSv and 44.5±43.3 mSv for the exposed and control groups,correspondingly. There were 20 children from Pripyat town (13.2%) who had been exposed in utero in total doses >100 mSv and there were 52 children from Pripyat town (33.8%) who had been exposed in utero to thyroid doses >1 Sv. The prenatally exposed children show significantly more diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders. Significant differences on intelligence and emotio- nal and behavioral disorders of exposed children in comparison to the control group were revealed. Exposed children showed lower full-scale IQ due to lower verbal IQ and therefore,an increased frequency of perfor- mance/verbal intelligence discrepancies. The exposed and evacuated mothers did not show differences in ver- bal abilities,but they have experienced much more real stress events and have more depression,PTSD,somato- form disorders,anxiety/insomnia,and social dysfunction than the control mothers from Kiev city. There is a correlation between mothers' mental health deterioration with a decrease of full scale IQ and performance IQ in children. Verbal IQ,however,does not correlate with mothers' mental health. Consequently,IQ discrepan- cies decrease in proportion to mothers' mental health of mothers and neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Among mothers of the exposed group of children with the neuropsychiatric disorders there are much more de- pression and somatization,as well as mental disorders. There is no direct dependence of the mentioned effects on radiation doses received in utero. However,when IQ discrepancies of the prenatally irradiated children ex- ceeded 25 points,there appears to be a correlation with the fetal dose.


The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) is studied for the years of less or more typhoon genesis from 1979 to 2006.It is indicated that the ISO strongly affects the typhoon genesis.In the years of more typhoon genesis,the ISO was weak in the area to the west of the Philippines;at the same time,the ISO was strong in the area to the east of it,with significant northwestward propagation.In this situation,the Walker cell seemed to shift gradually westward from the tropical western Pacific to the tropical eastern Indian Ocean,and then convergent winds appeared in the lower atmosphere while divergent winds in the upper atmosphere,suggesting the presence of enhanced ascending flow in favor of typhoon genesis.Moreover,in the years of less typhoon genesis,the ISO gradually became stronger with a significant eastward propagation from the eastern Indian Ocean to the area around 120 °E.During these years,the Walker circulation gradually moved eastward,and then the divergent winds in the upper and lower atmosphere were not favorable for the typhoon genesis in the Western North Pacific.


Large-area Au∕Pt∕n-In0.2Ga0.8N Schottky contacts have been fabricated for photovoltaic devices. The current transport mechanisms of the Schottky contacts to n-In0.2Ga0.8N with different background carrier concentrations are investigated. The thermionic emission is a dominating current transport mechanism at the Pt∕n-InGaN interface in a low background carrier concentration sample, while the defect-assisted tunneling current and trap-related recombination current play important roles in high background carrier concentration samples. The Schottky diode fabricated using the low background carrier concentration sample gives much better Schottky barrier characteristics and exhibits a three to four order of magnitude higher spectral responsivity and a larger rejection ratio in comparison with those fabricated using the high background carrier concentration samples.


This insightful analysis looks at the power struggles of 1920-1926, a time during which the Ottoman Empire was replaced by a secular and modernist Turkish nationalist regime. * A bibliography of archival sources from the United States, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Turkey, as well as other primary and secondary sources in the Turkish, English, and Ottoman languages


Objective:To observe the effect of buflomedil injection and muscular amino acids and peptides and nucleosides injection to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods:86 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were divided randomly into two groups.43 cases in the treated group were treated with routine treatment + buflomedil injection + Muscular amino acids and peptides and nucleosides injection;43 cases in the control group were treated with routine treatment + vitamin B_1 + vitamin B_ 12.Results:The effective rate of treated group was 88.3%,higher than that of the control group(62.8%)(P0.01).There was no obvious side effect.Conclusion:Buflomedil injection and Muscular amino acids and peptides and nucleosides injection are effective medicine for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.


An overview is provided of materials and processes research currently being conducted in support of MEMS device design at MIT. Underpinning research is being conducted in five areas: room temperature strength characterization, elevated temperature strength characterization, processing of Si/SiC hybrid structures, modeling of wafer bonding processes and development of high temperature fluid interconnections. Emphasis is placed on the key areas of materials science and engineering.


A single-layer wideband reflectarray antenna employing sub-wavelength phase-shifting elements is presented. The element is composed of double concentric square meander line rings and its size is a fifth of a wavelength. By changing the length of the meander line, a phase variation range of about 360° is achieved with an almost constant slop across the 9 to 11 GHz. Using this element, a 48 × 48 - element reflectarray antenna is designed. A measured 1.5-dB gain bandwidth of 18 % is achieved.


A bstract Low Rate of MRSA Colonization Among Residents is Stable Over Time Jennifer Carnell, MD H. Gene Hern, MD Amandeep Singh, MD Paul Cheung, MPH Bradley Frazee, MD Alameda County Medical Center, Highland General Background: Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causes the majority of skin and soft tissue infections in emergency departments (EDs). We hypothesized that house staff at a hospital with a high incidence of CA-MRSA infections might be colonized with CA-MRSA and that MRSA colonization rates might increase with progression in level of training and cumulative time spent within the hospital. Objectives: To examine nasal S. aureus colonization and the proportion that was MRSA among residents in an urban hospital. To annually monitor colonization, including MRSA, and examine longitudinal trends among residents. Methods: This was an observational study conducted in residencies (emergency medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, oral surgery) working primarily at an urban, county, academic hospital. Cultures obtained from the anterior nares with a Dacron swab underwent culture and susceptibility testing and selective MRSA culture. Samples were obtained from residents during June-December 2007. Culture results for each resident were compared to their prior results from June-December 2006, when available. Results: One hundred thirty-seven of 170 residents underwent testing. Five were colonized with S. aureus, yielding an overall rate of 3.6% (95% CI = 1.2 to 8.3%) of which three (2.2%; 0.5-6.3%) were MRSA and two (1.4%; 0.2- 5.2%) methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Culture results from years one and two were compared in the 78 subjects for whom they were available. Colonization rates for S. aureus, MRSA and MSSA in year two were 5.1% (1.4-12.6%), 3.8% (0.8-10.8%) and 1.3% (0.0-6.9%), respectively. Corresponding rates in year one were 6.4% (2.1- 14.3%), 3.8% (0.8-10.8%), 2.6% (0.3-9.0%). Two of three MRSA positive subjects in year one were negative in year two, whereas two of three MRSA positive subjects in year two had previously been negative. Conclusions: Both the overall S. aureus and MRSA colonization rates in our residents were low and remained stable over a one-year period. However, colonization among individuals was dynamic. Volume IX, no . 3 : August 2008 S19 Western Journal of Emergency Medicine


One of the most prominent problems in computer processing of the Chinese language is identification of the words in a sentence. Since there are no blanks to mark word boundaries, identifying words is difficult because of segmentation ambiguities and occurrences of out-of-vocabulary words (i.e., unknown words). In this paper, a corpus-based learning method is proposed which derives sets of syntactic rules that are applied to distinguish monosyllabic words from monosyllabic morphemes which may be parts of unknown words or typographical errors. The corpus-based learning approach has the advantages of: 1. automatic rule learning, 2. automatic evaluation of the performance of each rule, and 3. balancing of recall and precision rates through dynamic rule set selection. The experimental results show that the rule set derived using the proposed method outperformed hand-crafted rules produced by human experts in detecting unknown words.


At a time when sin is little discussed either among the general public or even within ecclesial and theological circles, Professor Christof Gestrich of Humboldt University in Berlin has set himself the task to write a major study on the topic. He stresses that it is this very absence of discussion and knowledge of sin that closes us off from "the meaning and hope for our future" (xiii). "Invariably the knowledge of sin is no longer pursued by anyone, by any group that could act as a representative of society as a whole: it is this lack of knowledge that seals our doom. This is the main reason I am writing this book" (170). What is important to grasp already at this juncture is that, for Gestrich, only a proper and comprehensive understanding of sin, in all of its sociological, psychological, philosophical, and theological dimensions, can provide humankind with hope. Unless and until humankind regains a right understanding of sin, there is little, if any, hope for God's response to sin in Jesus Christ to achieve its goal-that is, the return of splendor. Gestrich sees his book then not as a gloomy study narrating humankind's desperate plight in the face of sin, but rather as an attempt to uncover the means whereby, in recognizing the truth of sin, humankind is able to appropriate the salvation offered in Jesus Christ. Here, I believe, Gestrich is absolutely correct. The splendor of the cross and the glory of the resurrection are only thoroughly manifested against the somber backdrop of sin. According to Gestrich, contemporary men and women tend to think that the evil they are suffering comes from "outside themselves," instead of discovering that their suffering is due to "their own 'sin'" (36). Thus "forgiveness of sins seems to have become an embarrassment for theology and a vague experience among Christians, who desire it in declining numbers" (36-37). But how did such a situation develop? Gestrich is convinced that present-day theology, in its understanding of sin, is "paralyzed" by the Enlightenment's religious agenda (11). Modern theological hamartiologies consider sin only in relationship to "the human pursuit of freedom and identity," and as such are modeled after various eighteenth-century philosophies (75). To confirm this point, as well as to bring new clarity to the truly biblical concept of sin, Gestrich devotes a substantial portion of his book to examining the notion of the Fall and sin within the writings of such men as Herder, Rousseau, Fichte, Holderlin, Schiller, Freud, and especially Kant. While this makes, at times, for some rather dry and heavy reading, Gestrich is quite insightful in his commentary. However, it is his conclusion that is significant. He judges that Kant and Schiller (though similar judgments could be made of many of the above named),


Driven by unprecedented urbanization and ever-changing applied technologies, urban planners and designers are exploring how to create comfortable living experience in fast-paced cities, thus rises the concept of "slowing city." By reviewing years of design practices of Sasaki Associates, this article is focused on the core idea of "slowing city," i.e., "making good use of local resources," and its application into a number of urban regeneration practice. Further, by taking "user demands" as a critical reference, the article discusses how to coordinate the interests of a wide range of user groups and then facilitate cooperation among the government, citizens, and designers to ensure the long-term benefits of construction projects. Finally, critical thoughts are given to how the emerging technologies could contribute to urban construction and life quality, and the new opportunity that they may bring to the planning and design industry.


A cable damper assembly is provided to increase the vibration absorbing efficiency of a cable using a damper having excellent damping efficiency. The cable damper assembly(100) connected to an upper plate of a bridge to absorb the vibration of a cable caused by load added on a cable for supporting an upper structure of the bridge contains a cable clamp(20), a damper bracket(30) and a damper(10). Hereon the damper contains a cylinder provided with an upper plate and a lower plate and coupled to the cable clamp or the damper bracket rotatively, a primary piston placed in the cylinder to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, a secondary piston placed in the cylinder to be spaced out from the primary piston to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, a rod coupled to the cable clamp by a rod ring rotatively and fixed to the primary piston via the upper plate of the cylinder, oil filled in a primary space between the upper plate of the cylinder and the primary piston and a secondary space between the primary piston and the secondary piston, compressed gas filled in a third space between the secondary piston and the lower plate of the cylinder, and an oil passage formed on the primary piston to move the oil between the primary space and the secondary space.


Daylighting is the cornerstone of low energy building design. Therefore, the adoption of a daylight – harvesting lighting control system can substantially increase lighting energy savings. These are strongly depended on the determination of daylight zones (DZ) which in turn help to identify the lighting loads that must be controlled separately. The Daylight Zone (DZ) is defined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 as the floor area substantially illuminated by daylight. However, the DZ is defined differently in several standards and building codes. Lighting design plays also an important role since it determines the number of luminaires in the daylight zone and thus the resulted energy savings due to the daylight harvesting techniques. Each one of these luminaires inside the DZ should be dimmable and must be controlled by either a stand-alone photosensor or one photosensor per control zone. In order to investigate the influence of the DZ in lighting energy savings several simulations were conducted in five (5) office spaces - part of the reference office building used to determine cost optimal energy performance for office buildings in Greece. DZ area was estimated using three (3) different definitions according to a) EN 15193.1 as implemented in Greek regulation of Energy Efficiency in Buildings, b) CEN Technical Committee 169/WG11 'Daylight', and finally c) using dynamic daylight metrics for typical working hours in all four cardinal orientations. Results indicate that due to the differentiation of the DZ depth as this is calculated by the aforementioned methods, there is an associated variation of the calculated lighting energy savings. The extend of the DZ varies between 30-100% of the total area in each office when DZ is calculated using the geometrical method, 50-100% when daylight factors are used and 30-60% with dynamic daylight metrics. The number of luminaires within the DZ vary between 30-100% in the same space depending on the calculation method, the geometry of the room and the Window to Floor Area. As already mentioned, lighting energy savings for the examined test spaces vary, since these are strongly depended on method for the calculation of the DZ's depth from 61% to 89%, 53-72% and 69-91% correspondingly.


This study was conducted to investigate the effect of branch managers' transformational leadership on job performance and to understand the mediating effect of psychological empowerment in the financial sector. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted on all employees except the branch manager working at N Bank, and the responses of 243 copies were used for analysis. For hypothesis verification, SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to analyze factor analysis, correlation analysis, and estimate coefficients in structural equations. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the branch manager's transformational leadership had a positive (+) effect on job performance and psychological empowerment, and psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance. This study presented theoretical and practical implications in terms of how branch managers should demonstrate leadership for members in the financial sector, which is highly dependent on excellent human resources due to the nature of providing face-to-face services to customers.


Employing the 12 NaI detectors in the Fermi GBM, the Earth Occultation Technique (EOT) can be used to measure the fluxes of x-ray and gamma-ray sources. Each time a source passes behind the Earth (or emerges from behind the Earth), a step-like feature is produced in the detector count rate. With a predefined catalog of source positions, the times of the occultation steps can be calculated, the individual steps fit, and the fluxes derived. However, in order to find new sources and generate a complete catalog, a method is needed for generating an image of the sky. An imaging algorithm has been developed to generate all-sky images using the GBM data. Here we present imaging results from ~2.5 years of data in the 12-25 keV and 100-300 keV energy bands.


Part 1 The foundations: Kiev Rus the Mongols the rise of Muscovy and Ivan III Ivan IV. Part 2 The Russian empire to 1894: Peter the Great the eighteenth century - Catherine the Great the Russian empire and the world the peoples of the Russian empire life in Russia in the nineteenth century government and oppposition in the nineteenth century Marxism. Part 3 Prelude to revolution, 1894-1917 foreign policy in 1914 the growth of opposition, 1894-1904 the dress rehearsal, 1905 the lull before the storm. Part 4 Revolutions and civil war: the March revolution and the end of Tsardom coming to power experiment and civil war, 1917-21. Part 5 The USSR under Stalin: Joseph Djugashvili or Stalin, 1879-1953 the second revolution, 1928-39 the results of war in the USSR growing up under Stalin Stalin and the world. Part 6 The USSR since 1953: the Khrushchev era, 1953-64 relations with other countries, 1953-64 Breszhnev and his successors. Part 7 Soviet society: the soviet economy social policies religion recreation, leisure and the arts.


The paper introduces its concept,types and characteristics about an-quenched and an-tempered steel,and sum- marizes the application of un-quenched and un-tempered steel for sucker rod developed in China,then analyses the mechanism of strengthening and toughening.The article points out that new developing un-quenched and an-tempered steel will impulse the preduetion of sucker rod.


The de la Vallee-Poussin kernel (V")n6fj0 is defined for a class of orthogonal polynomial sequences {Rn)nm0 · We give sufficient conditions for the de la Vallee-Poussin kernel to be an approximate identity with respect to the Banach spaces C(S) and V(S,n), 1 < ρ < oo, where S denotes the support of the orthogonality measure π. For this purpose we derive a result on the convergence of transferred sequences. Some important examples like Jacobi polynomials and generalized Chebyshev polynomials are discussed. 1991 Mathemat ics Subject Classification. 42C15, 40A05


D. Klobčar, J. Tušek, S. Simončič, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; M. Bizjak, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; V. Lešer, Faculty of Health Sciences Novo mesto, Novo mesto, Slovenia The paper presents the effects of flux assisted tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding of 4 (10) mm thick austenitic stainless steel EN X5CrNi1810 (AISI 304) in the butt joint. The sample dimensions were 300 ́ 50 mm, and commercially available active flux QuickTIG was used for testing. In the planned study the influence of welding position and weld groove shape was analysed based on the penetration depth. A comparison of microstructure formation, grain size and ferrit number between TIG welding and A-TIG welding was done. The A-TIG welds were subjected to bending test. A comparative study of TIG and A-TIG welding shows that A-TIG welding increases the weld penetration depth.


During 2010 and 2011, one hundred thirty one symptomatic samples of tomato leaves and fruits were collected from commercial greenhouses in Lithuania and analyzed for the presence of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). Two isolates of this virus (NV and KK) were found in two different greenhouses on a tomato plant exhibiting mild yellow leaf spotting and on tomato fruits with marbling symptoms, respectively. The presence of the virus was confirmed by RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA, using commercial antibodies (DSMZ, Germany). Filamentous virus particles were observed by electron microscopy. The coat protein (CP) gene of the two viral isolates was amplified using a two-step RT-PCR with the PepTGB-F/PepUTR-R primer pair (Mumford and Metcalfe, 2001). A specific 845 bp PCR product was obtained, purified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the CP gene of PepMV-NV and -KK was submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers JQ979169 and JQ979170, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the two Lithuanian PepMV isolates differ from each other and belong to two distinct PepMV genotypes. PepMV-NV belongs to the EU genotype while PepMV-KK was assigned to the CH2 genotype. These results are consistent with an expansion of the distribution of PepMV in many European countries, including Poland (Pospieszny et al., 2008). They also show that both PepMV EU and CH2 genotypes are becoming common in Europe.


Preface I. THE MIND/BODY CONNECTION 1. Psychoneuroimmunology - The Mind/Body Connection 2. Coping With Stress II. PERSONALITY STYLES AND HEALTH 3. The Disease - Prone Personality 4. Anger, Hostility, and Health 5. Worry, Fear, and Health 6. Depression, Despair, Anxiety, and Health 7. Insomnia and Sleep Deprivation. Health Effects and Treatment 8. The Disease - Resistant Personality III. SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HEALTH 9. Social support, Relationships, and Health 10. Loneliness and Health 11. Marriage and Health 12. Families and Health 13. Grief, Bereavement, and Health IV. SPIRITUALITY AND HEALTH 14. The Healing Power of Spirituality, Faith and Religion 15. Forgiveness and Health 16. Altruism and Health 17. The Healing Power of Hope and Optimism V. PERCEPTION AND HEALTH 18. Explanatory Style and Health 19. Locus of Control, Self Esteem and Health 20. The Healing Power of Humor and Laughter 21. Nutrition and Mind/Body Health VI. TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS AND HEALTH OUTCOMES 22. Behavioral Medicine Treatment: Effects on Medical and Health Outcomes and Costs 23. Methods of Intervention Epilogue Appendix A. The Elements of Human Fulfillment Appendix B. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People Name Index Subject Index


The output characteristics of LD-pumped Yb~(3+)-doped double-clad fiber lasers with linear cavity are studied.By means of numerical analysis,the distribution of pump light,laser power and the gain character along the fiber with different pump modes has been researched on.The results show that end-back-pumped is the optimum for low power fiber lasers.And the further research is conducted on the relation of output power with pump power,as well as the effects of fiber length and cavity reflectivity on output power.It will be helpful for improving the power of fiber lasers in theories and experiments.


The structure of the odd-$A$ isotopes $^{193,195,197}\mathrm{Pt}$, which lie along the line of stability, has been studied up to high spin through multinucleon transfer reactions. Positive- and negative-parity sequences in $^{193,195}\mathrm{Pt}$ have been considerably extended and multiple band crossings established. An isomer with ${T}_{1/2}=5.0(5)$ ns and ${I}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}=25/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is present in $^{195}\mathrm{Pt}$. The isotopes $^{193,195}\mathrm{Pt}$ are characterized by moderate oblate deformation, and angular momentum generation at high spin in the yrast, positive-parity sequences is attributed to the rotation alignment of ${i}_{13/2}$ neutrons and ${h}_{11/2}$ protons. A detailed understanding of the observed features is presented using calculations based on tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory as well as others with the ultimate cranker code.


Abstract The present study was carried out at ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru to assess biomass accumulation, nutrient distribution, nutrient/water/energy use, plant available soil nutrients and carbon storage in different categories of roses in open-grown and protected systems. In open-grown roses, biomass of leaves, stalk and flowers represented 31.9%, 41.1% and 26.95%, respectively. In protected condition, flower biomass accounted for 17.62% of the total compared to leaf (51.0%), and stalk biomass (31.4%). The carbon stocks in plant biomass and soil accounted for 22% and 78% of total in open-grown rose system. In protected condition, plant and soil carbon stocks accounted for 11% and 89% of the total carbon stocks. Soil carbon stocks increased from 2.214 to 3.958 kg m−2 during 4-year period in open field. In protected condition, soil carbon stock was increased from 3.315 to 5.104 kg m−2 registering an increase of 1.789 kg m−2. In rose production system, leaves registered highest levels of macronutrients while flowers acquired more micronutrients. The water use was 45% higher in protected cultivation (344 L yr−1 m−2) than in open condition (232 L yr−1 m−2). Based on nutrient use indicators and energy use of nutrient inputs, Arka Savi and Arka Swadesh were identified as efficient nutrient use and energy use (74.6% and 37.3%) genotypes in open and protected conditions, respectively. Plant available nutrient stocks in soil were optimum to above optimum in rose system. The results imply that precision nutrient application is most important to save inputs/energy, avoid environmental pollution and to develop sustainable land use system.


Abstract Health care decisions are based not only on clinical and technical grounds, but also on ethical grounds. Although we carefully weigh the clinical and technical aspects, ethical issues involved may be overlooked. A legal framework or code of conduct governing doctor's decisions and behaviour may help overcome this problem but they often provide rigid guidelines for a limited number of situations. Earlier education in ethics might have some advantages to build a good medical character. The perception of the importance of medical ethics could also had an effect to the expectation of a good medical doctor should be. This research was a cross sectional study in first grade medical students of medical faculty Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak, conducted in the last week of April, 2014. All of first grade medical students participated in this study. This subjects given questionaire contained several questions : did they ever get a lesson of ethics in their Senior high schcol, how important the medical ethics and after studied medical ethics, what were their expectation ?. 86 subjects participated, 3'1 (36,05%) subjects are male and 55(63,95%) subjects are female. The Age range from 16-20 years old, median 1B years old and mode 1B years old. The subject came from 39 senior high school, was spread from papua, java dan kalimantan. Only 10(25,64%) senior high school had been given ethics in their curriculum and this'1C school all located in Kalinrantan. One subject (1,16%)stated that ethics just a common lesson while 35 (40,7A %)subjects stated ihat ethics was inrportani and most of the subjects, 50(58,14%) subjects stated that ethics was very important lesson. The expectation after studying medical ethics are : 39(45,35 o/o) subjects: respect and emphatize the other people, 17 (19.77%) subjeets : be a betier person, 14(16,28o/c) subjeets: hospitable docior, 11 (12,79o/o) sub;ects :Apply the basic principle of bioethics and 5 (5,81%) sublects :treat the other like we'd like to be treated. Twenty five point sixtyfour percent of the prirhary school of first year medical student gave ethics lesson. Most of Subject stated that medical ethics is a very important lesson. The expectation after studying medical ethics varies: respect and emphatize the other people, be a better person, hospitable doctor, Apply the basic principle of bioethics and treat the other like we'd like to be treated. Affiliasi Penulis: l.Departement of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Universitas Tanjungpura,2.Depa(ement of tr4icrobiology Medical Faculty Universitas Tanjungpura, 3. Departement of Anatomy Medical Faculty Universitas Tanjungpura, Korespcndensi :Arif Wicaksono, email :drarii,email@example.com. *@ TEil Supplen-ren Majalah Kedokteran Andalas' Vol' 37' No Supl'1' Maret 2014 ETIKoLEGAL,SEcoNDoPINIONDENGANSENGKETAMEDIS Noorman Herryadi Korespondensi : Noorman Herryadi' email : noormanherryadi@yahoo'com' oortr"lu,,.an ini mencoba mengetengahkan hubungan antara second opinion dengan sengketa medis dari aspek Etikolegal Kedokteran, kaitannya dengan perlindungan bagi dokter dan bagi pasien. Second Opinion Jdatan hak pasien dan kewajiban dokter untuk melaksanakannya dalam menjalankan profesi r"oort","nnya. Dalam kenyataan banyak sengketa medis, dimana pasien atau keluarga/ahli warisnya melakukan fenuntutan hukum kepada dokter atau Rumah Sakit yang merawatnya, v*g olr"nabkan oten-reterangan atau opini dokter lain atau pihak lain yang dianggap berkompeten-untuf memberi keterangan atau opini' r{nkrar - nerlindunoar Kata kunci: second opinion - sengketa medis - perlindungan dokter perlindungan paslen


In the fuel cell, however, this simple chemical reaction is prevented by the electrolyte that separates the fuel (H2) from the oxidant (O2). The electrolyte serves as a barrier to gas diffusion, but permits ion transport. Accordingly, half cell reactions occur at the anode and cathode, producing ions that can traverse the electrolyte. For example, if the electrolyte conducts protons, H2 will be oxidized at the anode to form protons and electrons; the protons, after migrating across the electrolyte, will react at the cathode with O2 and electrons (Fig. 1): Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e(1) Cathode: 1⁄2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e→ H2O (2) Overall: 1⁄2 O2 + H2 → H2O (3) The flow of ionic charge through the electrolyte must be balanced by the flow of electronic charge through an outside circuit, and it is this balance that produces electrical power. Electrolytes in which protons, hydronium ions, hydroxide ions, oxide ions, and carbonate ions are mobile are all known, and are the basis for the many categories of fuel cells under development today. Desirable characteristics of fuel cell electrolytes are not only high ionic conductivity (which results in high efficiency), but also impermeability to gases, negligible electronic conductivity, chemical stability under a by Sossina M. Haile Materials for fuel cells


As the development of distributed photovoltaic (PV), the power flow distribution and the voltage level of the distribution network change dramatically, which increases the difficulty and complexity of the distribution network regulation. In this paper, a complex affine distribution power flow considering the power correlation of distributed photovoltaic generations is proposed, which improves the accuracy and effectiveness of power flow calculation of the distribution network. Firstly, the k-means clustering algorithm is used to divide the distributed photovoltaic into several clusters, and the complex affine model of distributed generations (PVs) and energy storage system (ESS) is established. The forward-backward sweep power flow based on the complex affine arithmetic is used to solve the problem. Compared with other algorithms, the completeness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are verified. Two different scenarios are formed by establishing the complex affine power model of the energy storage element before and after accessing ESS. By comparison, the effect of energy storage on the reduction of distributed PV fluctuations is verified.


The ultimate goal of the authors is to apply inverse problem techniques to image land mines using an electromagnetic signal originated by ground penetrating radar. Specifically, the intention is to use the recently developed elliptic systems method, which has been successfully applied by these authors to the problem of imaging biological tissues using lasers. As the first step it is necessary to develop a fast and accurate numerical method for the solution of the forward problem to simulate data for the inverse problem. The main challenge is the requirement of solving a Helmholtz-like equation for high frequencies which is excessively time consuming using standard direct solution techniques. A novel accurate and rapid numerical procedure for the solution of this equation is described in this paper. The kernel of this algorithm is a combination of GMRES and a carefully chosen preconditioner, the solution of which is found using a fast transform method. The extended problem of solving Helmholtz-like equations for many frequencies is also considered. Numerical results for realistic ranges of parameters in soil and mine-like targets, the investigation of the impact of the size of the truncation region on accuracy, and the sensitivity of detector readings to changes in the media are presented.


A number of optical signal processing techniques are reviewed which allow to realise high-capacity multi-service multimode fibre networks in the user environment.


Optical sensors have been proposed as one solution to monitor water quality. In this paper, we provide a solution that permits use of digital holographic microscopy as an online water quality sensor.


The concept of multiple partonic interactions in hadronic events is vital for the understanding of both minimum-bias and underlying-event physics. The area is rather little studied, however, and current models offer a far from complete coverage, even of the effects we know ought to be there. In this article we address one such topic, namely that of rescattering, where an already scattered parton is allowed to take part in another subsequent scattering. A framework for rescattering is introduced for the Pythia 8 event generator and fully integrated with normal multiparton interactions and initialand final-state radiation. Using this model, the effects on event structure are studied, and distributions are shown both for minimum-bias and jet events. ∗Work supported by the Marie Curie Early Stage Training program "HEP-EST" (contract number MEST-CT-2005-019626) and in part by the Marie Curie RTN "MCnet" (contract number MRTN-CT-2006-035606) firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com


In the original evaluation for the paper, a second term given by perturbation theory in the anharmonic rate calculation was not included. Thus, Eq. (A6) for the transition rate is modified to include this term (last line of the equation below), With this correction, there is a cancellation between the last two terms, which causes the anharmonic structure factor to scale as ∼ q 4 rather than ∼ q 2 . There are corresponding changes to Eqs. (13), (17), (22) – (26), and (46) – (47) for the anharmonic matrix element and structure factors.


The article reviews key aspects of the "Indian question" in those Latin American countries, where politicians of the modern left wave have recently come to power. It concerns the main issues on the agenda raised by indigenous peoples today, as well as the states' response to their demands. Historical struggle for ethnic rights constituted a part of the extensive left platform on the continent. However, significant transformation of both, the left and indigenous movements, determine the relevance of the current research question. On the case studies of Bolivia, Colombia and Chile three different scenarios of the interaction between governments and indigenous rights organizations are considered.


The purpose of this study is to clarity the mechanism of how software engineering capabilities relate to the business performance of IT vendors in Japan. To do this, we developed a structural model using factors related to software engineering, business performance and competitive environment. By analyzing the data collected from 78 major IT vendors in Japan, we found that superior deliverables and business performance were correlated with the effort expended particularly on human resource development, quality assurance, research and development and process improvement.


Abstract:  Phytobezoars associated with diabetic gastroparesis are often sources of diminished quality of life for patients. Poor blood sugar control has been associated with increasing gastroparesis. For recipients of pancreas transplants to correct diabetes, phytobezoar treatment post‐transplant can typically be limited to invasive procedures and prokinetic agents. We present the case of an alternative treatment to phytobezoar, cola libation, i.e., "cola‐lysis."


Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) has classified the Indian peninsula into several seismogenic zones. Considering the seismotectonic setting of the Sikkim Himalaya, sources 2, 3, 4, 5, 25, 26, 27 and 86 may be critical in contributing to the seismic hazard of the region. These seismogenic zones have been classified as Himalayan source (25, 86), extension of Tibetan plateau (26, 27), Burmese arc subduction zone (4, 5), Shillong plateau (3) and the Indian Shield region (2). The probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the region necessitated prediction of Maximum Credible Earthquake magnitude for each source with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Considering the widespread damages caused in the state capital of Sikkim due to the recent earthquakes of 1934 (Mw = 8) and 1988 (Mw = 7.2) a 50-year prediction seemed to be reasonable. Gutenberg–Richter (b-value) approach and Gumbel's method of extreme value statistics have been used in the present analysis for the prediction of Maximum Credible Earthquake magnitude, results of both being comparable to each other. The maximum credible earthquake magnitude as predicted by both the methods are above 6 except for zone 26, the highest being in the Burmese arc with a magnitude of 8.5 by Gutenberg–Richter approach and a magnitude of 7.7 by Gumbel's method


Introduction. The steppe zone of the Volga basin is interesting in connection with the study of the Orlovskaya, Cis-Caspian, and Khvalinskaya cultures. These cultures have an important significance for the prehistorical archaeology of Eastern Europe. The Orlovskaya culture is characterized by the appearance of the most ancient ceramics in the region, early signs of domestication are connected with the Cis-Caspian culture but the earlier metal items were found in the Khvalinskaya culture. Together with the main features of these cultures, the important question is a determination of reliable boundaries of them. From 2007 more than 60 radiocarbon dates were obtained. The basis consisted of the materials of the Varfolomeevskaya site. The most of dates had been done on the organics from ceramics. That was under dispute. Methods and materials. During the last eight years, more than 30 radiocarbon dates were obtained on the different organic materials (charcoal, animal bones, and food charred crusts) from new open stratified sites – Algay and Oroshaemoe. This set of dates gave the possibility to develop a reliable chronological schema for the Neolithic-Eneolithic in the region under consideration. The comparison of dates on the different organic materials has been done. Results. The chronological framework of the Orlovskaya culture, the Cis-Caspian culture of transition period and the Eneolithic Khvalinskaya culture for the steppe zone of the Volga basin was determined. The place of the Orlovskaya cultural antiquities among of Neolithic cultures of neighboring regions was established. The age of transitional Neolithic-Eneolithic Cis-Caspian culture with the earliest pieces of evidence of domestication in Eastern Europe was definite. The chronological framework of the Khvalinskaya Eneolithic culture in the steppe zone was considered and made the comparison with the Cis-Caspian culture. Authors' contribution. A.A. Vybornov is prepared the archaeological part of the article and did analysis and their interpretation of the radiocarbon dates on the Neolithic of the steppe zone of the Volga basin. F.F. Giljazov collected all dates of the Orlovskaya culture of the Algay and Oroshaemoe sites. N.S. Doga did an analysis of dates of the Cis-Caspian and Khvalinskaya cultures on these sites. M.A. Kulkova obtained the radiocarbon dates for different layers of the Algay and Oroshaemoe sites and did the correlations on the different organic materials. B. Philippsen obtained the AMS dates on charcoal, bones, charred crusts and did their correlation.


Micromachining technology presents a great opportunity for developing on-chip mechanical components that can be integrated with a laser diode (LD). We have developed micromachined external mirrors to composite a compact coupled-cavity LD for both optical-communication and optical-sensing systems.


For the audiological assessment of the speech-in-noise abilities of children with normal or impaired hearing, an appropriate test material is required. However, there is no standardized speech material for children in Denmark. The purpose of the current study was to develop a Danish sentence material suitable for school-age children. Based on the 600 test sentences from the Danish DAT corpus (Nielsen et al., 2014), 11 test lists comprising 20 sentences each were carefully compiled. These lists were evaluated in terms of their perceptual similarity and reliability with a group of 20 typically-developing normal-hearing children aged 6-12 yrs. Using stationary speech-shaped noise and diotic stimulus presentation, speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured twice per list and participant at two separate visits. The analyses showed that six test lists were perceptually equivalent. These lists are characterized by a grand average SRT of −2.5 dB SNR, a test-retest improvement of 0.4 dB, and a within-subject standard deviation of 1.1 dB SNR. The remaining test lists produced slightly higher SRTs but were generally also usable. Altogether, it is concluded that the developed test material is suited for assessing speech-in-noise reception in Danish school-age children.


Social CRM is a new technology that integrates social networking activities within traditional CRM itself. Social media might be the most effective strategy in the context of CRM technology concerning the availability of efforts and time by owners. Therefore, it's important for financial institutions to take advantage of it upon this opportunity by considering social CRM as part of development and enhancing relationship with their customers. Nevertheless, little empirical studies have focused on adoption of social CRM in banking sector. This research paper aims to investigate the factors that impact banks' intention to adopt social CRM, based on combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. TOE variables such as top management support and relative advantages found to have a direct impact on the two TAM mediating variables (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), and an indirect impact on social CRM adoption. Further, results suggested that consumer pressure and competitive pressure have a direct impact on social CRM adoption. The researcher tested the hypothesis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings from a survey of 220 employees in banks in Palestine showed that all eight hypotheses were supported as both consumer pressure and competitive pressure in the environmental context have a significant direct impact on social CRM adoption intention, followed by top management support in organizational and technological contexts; relative advantages have the most significant impact on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness which in turn, have a direct and significant impact on social CRM adoption intention. The contribution of the study, limitations, future studies and conclusion are presented.


Objective To observe the effect of combination of Chenxialiujun decoction and chemotherapy on non-small lung cell cancer. Methods 63 cases with non-small lung cell cancer were divided into two groups. Patients in control group (n=30) were treated by chemotherapy. Patients in treatment group (n=33) were treated by combination of Chenxialiujun decoction and chemotherapy. The therapeutic course in two groups was four weeks. After a course clinical effect before and after treatment were observed. Results The total effective rate in treatment group (51.5%) was higher than that in control group (36.7%,P0.05). Life quality in treatment group (84.8%) was superior to that in control group (60.0%). Conclusion Combination of Chenxialiujun decoction and chemotherapy can protect marrow,lessen poison and side effect,and improve quality of life on non-small lung cell cancer.


The factors which causes the short-circuit accidents of transforwers are all andysed.Fror the poird of view of design.technics and test.The measures of enhancihg the short-circuit ability of transformers are pointed out.


Abstract An Sn–Ag–Cu based solder alloy, including Ni, Bi and Sb additives, is investigated in this study under isothermal aging conditions. Shear creep tests are conducted on different aged solder joints with copper substrate, giving the creep resistance evolution with aging time. Microscopy analyses reveal the limited growth of the Cu-rich intermetallic layer due to the Ni content and allow for determination of the time-dependent growth of the Sn-rich intermetallic layer. The aged specimens also exhibit a partial dynamically recrystallized microstructure after creep deformation and a brittle-to-ductile fracture transition is found with occurrence of intergranular cracking in the joint.


Many developing countries lack the financial resources to fulfill their basic educational needs. Consequently, individuals are unable to move out of poverty. The challenge lies in undertaking innov ...


The right to privacy as an aspect of consumer protection is a matter which has received little attention in South Africa. The aim of this paper is to consider how the common law action for invasion of privacy may be used as a weapon of consumer protection, and whether it is necessary to supplement it with legislation.


The uncertainty of medical technology experimenting on human being is a threat to our life,health,zoology,ethics and law.The employment of Admittance System is necessary.This essay analyses the laws of medical technology experimenting on human being of Taiwan puts forward suggestions for lawmaking for medical technology ex-perimenting on human being of China.


The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has touched various aspects in the domain of transport engineering and logistics (TEL). As the development of TEL tends to be more complex in operation and large in scale, recent practices start to pay more attentions on improving system robustness and reliability. In addition, current ICT innovations (such as WSN and IOT) could record and deliver system descriptors (physical measurements, virtual resources, operational configurations) in real time. Such large-stream and heterogeneous data requires an integrated framework to process and management. To address such challenges, in this paper, a novel concept of context-aware supervision is proposed. An intelligent system with integration of semantic web and agent technology is proposed to support the concept realization, which aims at providing condition-monitoring and maintenance service to relevant user. A generic ontology-agent based framework will be illustrated. Finally, it will be applied for the supervision of a large-scale material handling system- belt conveying system as a proof-of-concept.


The continuous release of existing and new/exotic chemicals in the biosphere raises concerns for the sustainability of ecosystems. Ecotoxicology is broadly defined as the study of impacts of environmental contaminants to ecosystems (population and community) and organisms. This discipline is relatively new and is confronted to the daunting task of the understanding of toxicity of chemicals and their mixtures in various species of the food chain from bacteria, yeast, cyano/bacteria, algae, the diverse group of invertebrates (worms, micro crustacean, mollusks) and vertebrates. The continuous progression of our technology contributes to the production of new and exotic chemicals that could find their way in various ecosystems with unknown long-term impacts. It is estimated that 84 000 chemicals exist although not all of them are actually marketed (National Academy of Science, 2014). The Society of Chemical Manufactures indicates that at least 25 000 chemicals are produced/used in the commerce [1]. In addition to the "usual" contaminants released in aquatic ecosystems mostly from municipal discharges (i.e., heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, flame retardants, pesticides), exotic/emerging chemicals such as (new) pharmaceuticals, personal care products, electronics (rare earths for technological devices) and products derived from nanotechnology are also being released in the environment from which long-term effects on ecosystem are not well understood at the present time [2]. The safe and durable management of these substances requires a minimal understanding of their hazards not only individually but in mixtures found in the environment. Hazard assessment requires dose-responses investigations i.e., to determine the dose (concentration) that could lead to harmful effects in a given exposure time frame, and the understanding of the mode of action for prediction. Products from nanotechnology have grown exponentially in the last decades and they are found in many applications as drug vectors, imaging agents, microelectronics, solar energy conversion, fuel additives, paints/dyes and waste remediation technologies. Nanotechnology industry represents between 15-55 billion US dollars market producing in the order of million tons per year of nano products [3]. A corollary to nanoparticle contamination is the production of plastic nanoparticles (NPs) from the degradation of plastic waste. The exponential production of plastic materials has lead to major plastic waste problems and they are now found in nearly all ecosystems of the planet [4]. Indeed, plastic materials are currently found everywhere in the planet even in remote places such as the poles and deep sea abyss. These products can degrade into smaller microplastics and nanoplastics (1-100 nm). Plastic and other NPs are readily internalized in cells [5,6]. These NPs could therefore contaminate the space where essential life-sustaining biochemical processes are at play involving enzymes, membranes and protein networks. A recent study revealed that the infusion of just one plastic tea bag released over 14 billion of plastic NPs finding their way in the drinker's digestive tract [7]. This raises the question whether plastic NPs reaching the intracellular environment could produce effects resulting from the contamination of the space domain where biochemical reactions are at play.


Recent studies and research have centred on new solutions in different elements and stages to the increasing energy and data rate demands for the fifth generation and beyond (B5G). Based on a new-efficient digital beamforming approach for 5G wireless communication networks, this work offers a compact-size circular patch antenna operating at 60 GHz and covering a 4 GHz spectrum bandwidth. Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M–MIMO) and beamforming technology build and simulate an active multiple beams antenna system. Thirty-two linear and sixty-four planar antenna array configurations are modelled and constructed to work as base stations for 5G mobile communication networks. Furthermore, a new beamforming approach called Projection Noise Correlation Matrix (PNCM) is presented to compute and optimise the fed weights of the array elements. The key idea of the PNCM method is to sample a portion of the measured noise correlation matrix uniformly in order to provide the best representation of the entire measured matrix. The sampled data will then be utilised to build a projected matrix using the pseudoinverse approach in order to determine the best fit solution for a system and prevent any potential singularities caused by the matrix inversion process. The PNCM is a low-complexity method since it avoids eigenvalue decomposition and computing the entire matrix inversion procedure and does not require including signal and interference correlation matrices in the weight optimisation process. The suggested approach is compared to three standard beamforming methods based on an intensive Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate its advantage. The experiment results reveal that the proposed method delivers the best Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) augmentation among the compared beamformers.


Occurrence and development of animal immunity system is a lengthy process, and it is formed and developed and perfected gradually during age-long evolution and adapting development of biology. Invertebrate has only non-special immunity; vertebrate forms powerful special immunity on the basis of non-special immunity; while human immunity system has developed fully, its structure has been perfect and its function has become powerful.


Now at : Institut du Physique du Globe, 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (email@example.com) The 3465 Ma old Apex Chert is probably the most studied Precambrian rock to date, since carbonaceous filaments, interpreted as cyanobacteria, were found more than two decades ago [1]. The occurrence of microfossils has been recently contested on the basis of the mineralogy of the sample and the carbon isotopes of the filaments, which suggests an inorganic, hydrothermal origin for the carbon [2]. Apex Chert has been studied with the most advanced techniques in microscopy and geochemistry, yet there are not evidences of other bacteriomorph structures than the carbonaceous filaments above mentioned. We analyzed a slightly polished section of Apex chert using a HITACHI S-4300SE/N with field effect scanning at variable pressure at GEOTOP. The sample was collected at the « Schopf Locality » at Chinnaman Creek, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. SEM-EDX analyses allowed identifying euhedral and anhedral barite; native metals containing Zn, Cu and As; rare euhedral Ca-aluminosilicates; jarosite-alunite. The observed mineral assemblage is consistent with an hydrothermal origin of the chert [2]. We observed isolated sinuous flatted silica filaments and clusters of silica needles (0.1 µm wide; 2 µm long). Silica needles have rounded extremities, smoothed surfaces and several among them show an open tube in the centre. These morphologies are similar to those observed during encrustation of unsheathed microbes by amorphous silica. More interesting, we found ramified, sinuous, tubular structures in cavities previously occupied by sulfates (likely jarosite-alunite). These morphologies look similar to cyanobacterial mats observed in Paleozoic jaspilites. We cannot yet decipher if these silica structures are syngenetic to Apex Chert or of secondary origin. However, these results clearly show that Apex Chert has not yet completely revealed its content and new investigations are neded to resolve its origin. [1] Schopf (1993)


We theoretically study the differential conductance of a graphene/graphene superconductor junction, where the valley polarization of Dirac electrons is considered in the nonsuperconducting region. It is shown that the subgap conductance will increase monotonically with the valley-polarization strength when the chemical potential µ is near the Dirac point µ ≤ 3Δ (Δ is the superconducting gap), whereas it will decrease monotonically when µ is far away from the Dirac point, µ ≥ 5Δ. The former case is induced by the specular Andreev reflection while the retro-reflection accounts for the later result. Our findings may shed light on the control of conductance of a graphene superconductor junction by valley polarization.


This paper shows that a new trade-off arises in the optimal contract when contracting takes place with vague information (objective ambiguity), reflecting that real-world contracting often takes place under imprecise information. The choice-theoretic framework captures a decisionmaker's attitude towards vagueness by his optimism. The new trade-off is between incentive provision and exploitation of heterogeneity that arises endogenously because of the vague environment. Consequently, the optimal contract may distort effort in order to relax incentive compatibility and fully exploit the endogenously created heterogeneity, even when the agent is risk neutral and there is no insurance need in the relationship. (JEL D81, D82, D83, D86, L14)


Objective To observe the hemodynamic change and stress reaction of target-controlled infusion(TCI) of propofol and remifentanil guided by bispectral index surveillance(BIS) for anesthetic induction in elderly and hypertensive patients.Methods Sixty elderly and hypertensive patients undergoing colorectal surgery were randomly allocated into two groups.In group Ⅰ,propofol and remifentanil were performed in the form of TCI guided by BIS and hemodynamic parameters for anesthetic induction.In group Ⅱ,propfol and remifentanil were pumped and guided by hemodynamic parameters at constant rate.HR,SBP,DBP,BIS,blood glucose,and serum cortisol were recorded at the time of ante-induction(T0),loss of consciousness(T1),intubation(T2),and at 1 min(T3),3 min(T4),and 5 min(T5) after intubation.Results SBP,DBP and HR were lower at T1,T2 than at T0(P 0.05) in two groups,and at T3 and T4,SBP,DBP and HR in groupⅠwere lower than those in groupⅡ(P 0.05).Cortisol concentration was lower at T2 than at T0(P 0.05) in two groups;cortisol concentrations at T3,T4 were higher in group Ⅱ than those in groupⅠ.Conclusion TCI of propofol and remifentanil guided by BIS in elderly and hypertensive patients undergoing colorectal surgery can control the depth of anesthesia better,attenuate the stress reaction caused by tracheal intubation,and keep hemodynamic smooth during anesthesia induction.


The proximity of antiferromagnetic order in high-temperature superconducting materials is considered a possible clue to the electronic excitations which form superconducting pairs. Here we study the transverse and longitudinal spin excitation spectrum in a one-band model in the pure spin density wave (SDW) state and in the coexistence state of SDW and the superconductivity. We start from a Stoner insulator and study the evolution of the spectrum with doping, including distinct situations with only hole pockets, with only electron pockets and with pockets of both types. In addition to the usual spin-wave modes, in the partially gapped cases we find significant weight of low-energy particle-hole excitations. We discuss the implications of our findings for neutron scattering experiments and for theories of Cooper-pairing in the metallic SDW state.


Lancashire County Council Property Group is devising proposals for the future of a derelict building at 2A Accrington Road in Burnley, Lancashire (centred on NGR
383183 432679). One option that is being considered, in recognition of the very poor condition of the building, allows for its demolition. The building comprises a three storey property, with a basement, situated at the junction of Accrington Road with Westgate and Trafalgar Street, some 0.75km to the west of Burnley town centre.
Whilst it does not have any statutory designation, the building has been Locally Listed by Burnley Borough Council as a structure that offers a positive contribution to the
historic townscape. The site lies within the Canalside Conservation Area, which was designated initially in October 1988 in recognition of the concentration of important
former industrial buildings that dominate the area.
Documentary research has concluded that 2A Accrington Road was erected in c 1841, and was one of a group of buildings that represented the earliest development along
the western end of Westgate, pre-dating the prominent industrial buildings that were erected subsequently on Trafalgar Street. It seems likely that it was intended as retail premises, and was occupied during the later nineteenth century by a variety of tradesmen, including a draper, a butcher, and a grocer. The building was subject to
some alterations in 1891, which included a new shop front window and, in the early twentieth century, it was converted for use as public dining rooms, a function that it continued to fulfil until the 1950s. It was used most recently as a control centre for a local taxi firm, but has since been vacated and is presently in a derelict and poor condition.


The usage of the Chinese personal pronoun has always been an important issue that has received considerable attention from scholars in the field of the Chinese grammar. This essay explores personal pronouns in poems written by Cao Pi and Cao Zhi and discusses their usage primarily by examining the structure of their poems, an approach which from traditional grammatical analysis.Personal pronouns appear in over half of Cao Pi's and Cao Zhi's extant poems. Several poems use more than one personal pronoun. One reason for this may lie in the face that their poems belong mainly to either yuefu or the ancient style of poetry and they were influenced by folk songs and the vernacular. Actually, the two poets didn't only mimic former styles, they also created new stylistic features that relate to the thought and expression of themselves as authors, the artistic features in the structure of the poems, and readers' explanation and evaluation of the poems.This essay discusses several poems in which specific personal pronouns were used and focuses on their usage. Moreover, it seeks to identify the similarities and differences between the two brothers' poems. It is hoped that this essay will contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the two brothers and their poetry.


. Porous glass fiber and paper layers were tested for application in thermally induced self healing epoxy laminates as healing porous layers. Both types of layers were impregnated using high purity bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) epoxy with ability to crystallize during storage under 25°C. Absorption capacity of porous layers was evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate BADGE healing agent recrystallization process. Healing porous glass layers (HPGL) were selected for further tests. Liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy provided information about average molecular mass of embedded healing agent and functional groups in HPGL layers. Self-healing efficiency of three different laminates with HPGL layers was calculated based on the results of three-point bending test and Charpy impact test. Also, flexural properties and impact strength of laminates were evaluated. The obtained results confirm competitive self healing ability of composites with HPGL.


Nyimak.net is a web application for finding news and trending topics on a local or international level, and the purpose for which nyimak.net is created is to make simple topics from the case and present them in a brief and easy to understand manner. most millennials and z generations assume that politics and government have a bad reputation, and millennials or z usually hate difficult topics and hard to understand. They even make an assumption without trusted sources, therefore nyimak.net makes trusted news and topics to make it easier for users to read trending topic and follow current vocabulary. Nyimak.net uses Wordpress 5 and the Megazine template. Each news and topic will be managed by staff to find out whether the case is false or true and then staff will write in simple language for easy reading. the result of this final project is to make it easier for users to find reliable sources and make news that suitable for the millennial and z generations.


custody. It is not surprising that Commissioner Muirhead observed that "I have no doubt as to the significance of alcohol as a factor in custodial deaths, a significance not confined to the deaths of Aboriginal people". 2 It bears reiterating that the issue of Aboriginal deaths in custody is serious. However, deaths in custody is not simply an Aboriginal problem, and it is not a problem that is unique to Australia. Thus, it is germane that concern has been expressed recently about an approximate doubling of the numbers of suicides by prisoners in England in 1987-1988;9 this coincides with the period of greatest increase in the numbers of these in Australia. It is understandable that we seek meaning and explanations when death occurs. This is nowhere more evident than when death is by suicide when in custody. The aftermath of suicide and its effects on the family has been well-documented'? and it is proper that compassion be felt for those who are bereaved in this manner. However, such compassion must be tempered with the knowledge that families sometimes find it impossible to accept that a suicide has occurred. Indeed, it has been noted that;" friends and relatives will often refuse to acknowledge the act of suicide, arguing that the death was really caused by an accident, mu~der, or ~o~e sort of natural demise [...1the refusal to accept the verdict of SUICide can occur even when the evidence is absolutely clear. The issue of Aboriginal deaths in custody remains a troubling and complex phenomenon, and many of the issues that are involved only now are being clarified. What is clear is that deaths in custody, and


Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity sharing or trading can empower consumers and prosumers, incentivize the balancing of generation and demand locally, increase system resilience and reliability, and help in achieving societal goals, such as increasing renewable energy penetration. Nevertheless, the development of P2P trading in actual environments has been slow due to the unclear position of P2P markets in the power system. Recent developments in the European legislation are promising for the establishment of P2P markets and energy communities. Hence, the interplay between local trading and existing market structures needs to be addressed carefully. Furthermore, P2P trading with distributed resources presumes that electricity end users will become active players in the power system. This paper proposes a bidding and pricing mechanism for local markets, considering the external markets; a new approach to balance settlement and balance responsibility when local trading occurs; and an interface to promote end-user interest in, and interactions with, local energy trading. The proposed local market concept and interface solution promote the coupling between local and existing retail, wholesale and ancillary service markets, and can be seen as a step towards the establishment of local energy markets in real-life settings.


The purpose of this study was to investigate conditions in private high tuition fee institutions and also assess mothers'' perception for their children''s preschool education. Participants were 37 mothers in Seoul and Geonggido, whowere interviewed individually. Results were as follows: Firstly, 78.9% of the mothers hadtheir children attend private high tuition fee institutions five days a week. Furthermore, 70% of their children aged three to five were enrolled in more than three early educational programs. Secondly, 43.2% of the institutions charged over 600,000 Won by month. 48.7% of the mothers have paid over 900,000 Won by month. Thirdly, 89.2% of the mothers were satisfied with the institutional services and convinced that the institutions would benefit in developing their children''s wholesome characters and academy.


No elaborate analysis of the figures is justified when the initial hypotheses are borne in mind. However, it may be noted that the first of these hypotheses is confirmed. If the P and E groups (there were no cross-diagnoses between these groups) are compared in respect of those with a history of deprivation of any kind and those without such a history, there is a significant difference between them (x26.7, P=0.01). This difference could be interpreted as indicating that deprivation of parents increases liability to mental ill-health (though no figures for a probably more important history of unhappiness, brutality, etc., are available). Alternatively, it could be claimed that the mentally unstable tend to exaggerate a history of parental loss, or that they inherit their predisposition from parents whose own instability contributed to the breakdown of home life. Or, again, it is possible that the mentally healthy forget or gloss over parental deprivation. The difference between the two head injury groups is in the expected direction, but is small and not significant. The effects of wartime evacuation of children, and war service by the father, on these statistics, which were collected during 1956 and 1957, are very obvious in the high incidence of separation from parents in the early age groups. The Table shows also a high recorded incidence of death of fathers, and, to a less degree, mothers, for the age group 0-5 years. In this connexion it should be remembered that this group covers six years of life, unlike the other groups. Wartime casualties, particularly among the fathers, must also be considered. Even so, the incidence of maternal deaths in this period still seems high, and may be accounted for (a) because in the case of the P and HS groups such maternal loss does, in fact, cause behaviour disturbances, or (b) because of unreliability inherent in the nature of the inquiry. While it is reasonable to compare the different groups, the absolute figures may need to be treated with caution because of the rigid form of the questions asked. There was no mandate for questions about illegitimacy or adoption; and, indeed, to ask such questions of a patient referred for E.E.G. examination because he had crashed his aircraft and sustained a head injury might have led to justifiable complaints. Consequently the figures for the 0-5 age group, in particular, may be distorted owing to untrue or evasive answers.


The usual methods, skills and access used in the development of database by Visual Basic 6.0 are presented in this paper. The VB6.0 database-operating technology is utilized in the research about creation and maintained database of dampers, conductors, and damping cable.


The abundance of rare species of plants and animals may often prove difficult to estimate due to the isolated patchy distribution of individuals. Adaptive sampling may prove more effective than other sampling strategies for such species. In adaptive cluster sampling an initial SRS of population units is selected. Further adaptive sampling in the neighborhood of these units is then carried out whenever the value of y in a selected unit meets or exceeds a criterion value, c, which may often be just a single individual. This sampling procedure can be shown to lead to selection of clusters of units for which, with the exception of edge units, all units in the selected clusters have y≥c. If the initial sample is large enough to encounter some isolated patches of individuals, this approach may outperform SRS with mean-per-unit estimation. Drawbacks of this approach include the facts that the eventual number of population units which will need to be measured is random and unknown prior to execution of the survey, and it is difficult to specify the magnitude of the adaptive sampling criterion, c. Therefore, the total cost and time needed to complete an adaptive sampling survey can be highly unpredictable. Nevertheless, the theory is intriguing and has obvious intuitive appeal. Once a very rare individual has been encountered, it makes good sense to search very carefully in the neighborhood of the location where that rare individual has been found.


AUTHORS Dr. Annegret Schneider, Dr. Christie Cabral, Dr. Natalie Herd, Dr. Alastair Hay, Dr. Joanna May Kesten, Dr. Emma Anderson, Dr. Isabel Lane, Dr. Charles Beck, Dr. Susan Michie University College London, London, UK NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions Bristol, UK University of Bristol, Bristol, UK NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West Bristol, UK Public Health England Bristol, UK


Background: In recent years, a few studies have addressed the effect of chronic heroin use on brain structure with respect to volume and shape; however, the literature in this field is sparse and further studies are necessary to generate robust replications. Objectives: In this study, we intended to assess gray matter density (GMD) differences between successfully abstinent heroin dependents and healthy subjects. Indirect evidences for the causal role of drug use in the GMD differences are also targeted here by testing the hypothesis on the correlation between GMD differences and duration of drug use. Patients and Methods: Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphology (VBM) technique, changes in gray matter volume and density were evaluated in 18 abstinent heroin dependents and 20 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Heroin dependents were all male, and at least 3 months successfully abstinent (mean abstinence duration = 9.2 ± 5.2 months). Results: Decreased GMD in the right anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral putamen were found in abstinent heroin dependents in comparison to controls, corrected for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). Also, partial correlation analysis, corrected for age, showed negative correlations between total intracranial volume (TIV) and total GMD (r = -0.61 and -0.44, respectively) with the duration of opiate usage in heroin dependents. GMD in the right putamen also had negative correlation with the duration of drug abuse (r = -0.49) and a weak negative correlation was observed between left putamen density and duration of drug abuse (r = -0.42). Examination of the negative correlation between the duration of drug abuse before the age of 25 years and total GMD, while controlling for age, showed weak negative results (r = - 0.44). Conclusion: Specific structural changes were noticeable in prefrontal and striatal areas in the heroin dependents even after a period of successful abstinence. Our results on the interaction between duration of drug use and some of these structural changes provides preliminary ideas for reciprocal cause and effect roles for brain structural changes and heroin abuse. These findings might also imply that brain structures are unable to return to normal state and cannot recover spontaneously even after months of abstinence. This evidence reminds us of the importance of neurorehabilitation interventions after termination of drug use.


This paper proposes restriction space projection (RSP) method to generate accurate direction of force reflection when a bilateral teleoperation system (BTS) is kinematically dissimilar. Through examples, it is shown that the previous force reflection methods are not applicable to the kinematically dissimilar BTSs. Two kinds of RSP methods using a novel concept, instantaneous restriction space (IRS), are implemented for impedance and admittance type of BTSs. Especially, new developed obstacle avoidance algorithm using the redundancy of the slave manipulator makes the RSP method applicable to all kinds of kinematically dissimilar BTSs. Experiments verify that the RSP method is powerful to describe the restriction space at the slave side without force sensors


Coaxial cables were developed originally to provide large groups of telephone channels, but their wide frequency range has led to experiments with the transmission of signals for television. High-quality signal generating and receiving equipment was used to send 240-line motion-picture images from New York to Philadelphia, as described in this article; distortion introduced by the wire-line circuits could be made so small as to be inappreciable.


Abstract Accounting educators and employers of accounting students are extremely concerned with the weak writing proficiency of graduates of accounting programs. Our purpose in this article is to identify and describe a useful methodology for measuring writing skills. This method, known as holistic scoring, evaluates writing skills on the basis of the overall impression the writing makes on the reader. The use of the holistic method gives the accounting educator a vehicle to evaluate writing skills without the need for extensive training. We also report on a successful application of the holistic scoring methodology in evaluating the writing skills of undergraduate accounting theory and auditing students. The experiment demonstrates that holistic scoring can be successfully applied in an accounting setting with a high level of reliability between evaluations of different readers.


Two different papers enumerating the Ohio species of mammals known as mice have been published. Jared P. Kirtland, in the Ohio Geological Survey Report for 1838, named four species as follows: house mouse, common white-footed mouse, jumping mouse and the meadow mouse. All of these are common in the state today, although the jumping mouse is reported as rare in some localities, but in other localities it certainly is rather plentiful. About the year 1878 A. W. Brayton of Irvington, Indiana furnished the manuscript for a report on the Mammals of Ohio, in which he listed the house mouse, whitefooted mouse, rice field mouse, pine mouse, common meadow mouse, prairie meadow mouse, and jumping mouse. Two other species, namely: Cooper's mouse and the northern golden mouse were mentioned as of probable occurrence within our limits. There appears to be some mistake about the record for the prairie meadow mouse for no specimens have been reported in recent years and the material on which Brayton bases his record turns out to be the pine or mole mouse. Cooper's mouse ha-s been taken in various parts of the state and in some places is known to be common, but no record for the golden mouse is yet reported. Of the nine species mentioned by Brayton therefore, further records of seven are at hand. Brayton's paper was published in the Report of the Ohio Geological Survey, 1882, Volume IV. The collecting that has been done in more recent years has brought together Ohio material of at least nine species and varieties, while the work in adjoining and neighboring states suggests the possibility that four or more additional may be procured when further work has been done and all favorable localities investigated.


This is an investigation of trophic interrelationship in the Tortuguero estuary on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Basic physical and chemical features of the estuary are described, and a preliminary carbon budget is calculated for the estuarine ecosystem. Seasonal cycles in the estuarine watershed follow the rainfall pattern with two wet and two dry seasons per year. Planktonic primary production was found to be higher during dry seasons. However, the input of allochthonous materials by river flow is greater during wet seasons. The preliminary carbon budget indicates that estuarine respiration accounts for more organic material than is produced in the estuary during either the wet or dry seasons. During wet seasons there is an increase in the number of typically freshwater fish species, and an increase in the number of typically marine forms during dry seasons. The most striking seasonal difference in the estuarine community is in the presence, during dry seasons, of dense aggregations of tismiche composed principally of larval shrimp and larval fishes.


We propose a method for selectively applying automatic differentiation (AD) by operator overloading to develop the discrete adjoint of a turbomachinery flow solver.
A fully differentiated version of the solver is generated by operator overloading using the tapeless tangent mode of ADOL-C.
The differentiated solver is coupled to an undifferentiated version of the same code using message passing.
The automatic differentiation is used to calculate derivatives of the flux calculation routines.
The flux derivatives depending on inner cell states are sparse, and this sparsity is exploited using analytical differentiation of the spatial discretization scheme. Subsequently the sparse matrix is communicated to the undifferentiated code for solution.
Turbomachinery boundary conditions may have dense Jacobians and are therefore only evaluated during the solution process.
The solution of the adjoint system of equations is achieved through a preconditioned GMRES, implemented inside the undifferentiated code.
A modern three dimensional contra-rotating fan stage with engineering parameterization serves as application example in order to demonstrate the technique and to perform numerical validations.
The validation of gradient results is performed by comparing against results from finite differences, and the tangent forward mode.