Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) affects approximately 15-20% of BC patients, yet accounts for a disproportionately higher rate of BC morbidity and mortality, in part due to lack of targeted therapies. Using well-validated antibodies, Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) protein has been shown to be expressed in approximately 25% of TNBCs and is associated with improved patient outcomes. Using multiple ERβ +/- TNBC cell lines and PDX models, we have demonstrated that ligand-mediated activation of ERβ by estradiol (E2) decreases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, as well as primary tumor growth and metastatic spread in vivo. Methods: To determine the mechanisms by which ERβ elicits these anti-cancer effects, we elucidated the ERβ transcriptome and cistrome via Microarray and ChIPseq, respectively, in TNBC cells stably expressing ERβ in a doxycycline-inducible manner. We also performed gene expression and luciferase assays to assess the impact of ERβ on NFκB signaling, followed by ChIP-PCR and ChIPseq to assess how ERβ modifies chromatin architecture near NFκB target genes. Results: Pathway analysis of ERβ-regulated genes identified NFκB signaling as one of the most suppressed pathways in response to E2 treatment. Indeed, numerous NFκB target genes were among the most down-regulated genes following E2 treatment but only in the presence of ERβ expression. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIPseq) revealed that ERβ primarily associated with estrogen response elements (EREs), but was also enriched around NFκB binding sites following E2 treatment. In fact, 12% of all ERβ binding sites were enriched for NFκB response elements and ERβ was shown to physically associate with NFκB protein. Using an NFκB reporter construct and qPCR, ERβ was shown to block TNFα-mediated induction of NFκB signaling and NFκB target gene expression. Globally, RNAseq identified 200 genes to be significantly regulated by TNFα in TNBC cells, of which 81 were significantly altered in the presence of E2+TNFα. ChIPseq demonstrated that ligand-mediated activation of ERβ significantly diminished an activating histone mark (H3K27Ac) at many of these NFκB target genes while enhancing a repressive mark (H3K27Me3). These modifications are also associated with recruitment of the histone methyltransferase, EZH2, to enhancer elements of these NFκB target genes. Drug-mediated blockade of HDAC and EZH2 activity reversed suppression of NFκB target gene expression by ERβ. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ERβ may elicit its anti-cancer effects in part via formation of a novel co-repressor complex consisting of ERβ, NFκB, and EZH2. These data are in keeping with prior observations of the importance of NFκB signaling as it relates to TNBC cell proliferation and invasion, and that decreased expression of NFκB target genes is associated with improved outcomes in TNBC patients. Currently, a Mayo Breast SPORE prospective study is underway to investigate the role of estradiol in ERβ expressing TNBC and to further evaluate the cross-talk between ERβ and NFκB signaling in TNBC. Citation Format: Aspros K, Nelson A, Ye Z, Sun Z, Chernukhin I, Carroll J, Ingle J, Goetz M, Hawse J. Estrogen receptor beta elicits anti-cancer effects in triple negative breast cancer through suppression of NFκB signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-03.


El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua, in spite of having been the epicenters of the Central American crisis of the 1980s, have made transitions to electoral democracy while consistently denying their major leftist parties control of their governments—until, at last, the Sandinista former president of Nicaragua finally returned to the presidency with a minority vote in November 2006. This article contends that, in distinct ways and for distinct reasons, the Left has ceased to be a serious revolutionary threat in any of these three countries.


A pre-culture stage is required to obtain robustly-dividing cells with high hydrogen (H2) production capabilities. However, a step-by-step process for biohydrogen production is scarcely reported, mainly from palm oil wastewater. Therefore, this study developed a guideline to find the best inoculum heat treatment conditions and implement the selected conditions for biohydrogen production using palm oil wastewater. This study used raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) and POME sludge as substrate and inoculum, respectively. Our findings reveal that 80 C and 30 min were the best conditions for inoculum heat treatment. When testing the conditions on POME sludge and inoculating with raw POME (28 g COD/L) at 37 C (reaction temperature), 24 h (reaction time), and pH 5.5, 34 mL H2/d was recorded. A slight increase (1.1-fold) was observed compared to 5 g COD/L POME co-digested with 5 g/L glucose (31 mL H2/d). This discovery indicates that raw POME is a potential source for biohydrogen production under anaerobic fermentation and can be directly used as substrate up to 30 g COD/L. The proposed guideline could also be implemented for different organic wastes for biohydrogen production study.


This article discusses the main factors that affect styrene suspension polymerization.The experimental results show that the polymer particle diameter can be increased if the concentration of initiator increases at the range of between 1 mol/l and 3 mol/l.And it is an effective way to control the polystyrene particle diameter by selecting reasonable stirring speed,heat-up procedure and the amount of dispersant.


This paper presents a general view of the telematic voting system developed by its authors, with a special emphasis on the important role that smart cards play in this scenario. The use of smart cards as basic pieces for providing secure cryptographic operations in this type of voting scheme is justified. The differences and advantages of Java Cards in comparison with the ?classical? smart cards (those that completely conform to the ISO/IEC 7816 standard) are also discussed. As an example, the paper describes one of the applets implemented in the voting Java Card as part of the general telematic voting application.


We present an analysis of the reconstruction through any intermediate plane by using the cascaded Fresnel diffraction integrals. The realization of the integral with the single fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) imposes inherently the constraints on the pixel resolution and the field of view of the computation window in the intermediate plane. On the other hand, according to the optical diffraction field of the band-limited object, the size of the diffraction field including most energy exhibits a change with the intermediate plane in a different way. Since the field of view of the computation window is usually smaller than the corresponding optical diffraction field, then the simply cascaded FFT-Fresnel diffraction integral algorithms will lose the resolution and degrade the image quality. It is proposed to improve the reconstruction by compensating the field to be close to the optical diffraction field and using the new field as the computation window in the intermediate plane. The numerical simulation and the experimental data-based calculation are performed and demonstrate our proposal.


Gauging the flavor (family, generation, horizontal) index of the chiral fermion fields of the Standard model, for anomaly freedom extended by three sterile right-handed neutrino fields, results in asymptotically free, {\it bona fide} nonconfining $SU(3)_f$ quantum flavor dynamics. Approximate nonperturbative strong-coupling solutions of the corresponding Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equation for fermion self-energies give rise to the complete flavor symmetry breaking by : (1) Three huge Majorana masses of sterile right-handed neutrinos. (2) Three exponentially light Dirac masses common to all fermion sorts in a family. Masses of charged leptons and quarks are further distinguished from Dirac neutrino masses by the weak hypercharge contributions to the universal $SU(3)_f$ kernel of the SD equation, free of unknown parameters. The $SU(3)_f$ dynamics itself thus gives the neutrino mass spectrum in the seesaw form.


Single crystals of natural graphite have been cleaved and the cleavage faces have been studied by using multiple-beam interferometry. The cleavages have been etched in the melts of oxidizing agents. The cleavage faces and their etch patterns have been studied by multiple beam interferometry. The interferometric study has revealed that the etch attack is twofold, one producing the general dissolution and the other revealing the sites of the dislocations. The etch pattern consists of flat and point-bottomed hexagonal pits, which are asymmetric. Correspondence has been established in the etch patterns produced on the matched cleavage faces. Correspondence is also established in the etch patterns produced on the two sides of a thin flake. It is observed that prolonged etching produces holes at the sites of some of the pits. The formation of the holes has been discussed.


Tracer diffusion of $sup 64$Cu in $alpha$-Zr single crystals was measured in the temperature range (615--860)$sup 0$C. The temperature dependences of the $sup 64$Cu diffusion coefficients in directions parallel to and perpendicular to the c axis are given by D/sub parallel/ = 0.40e/sup -1.54 eV/ kT/ and D/sub perpendicular to/ = 0.25e/sup -1.60 eV/kT/ cm$sup 2$/s, respectively. Results are discussed in terms of an interstitial diffusion mechanism. (auth)


We report high resolution imaging of a prominent cometary globule in the Helix nebula in the CO J = 1 − 0 (2.6 mm) and H 2 v = 1 − 0 S(1) (2.12 µm) lines. The observations confirm that globules consist of dense condensations of molecular gas embedded in the ionized nebula. The head of the globule is seen as a peak in the CO emission with an extremely narrow line width (0.5 km s −1) and is outlined by a limb-brightened surface of H 2 emission facing the central star and lying within the photo-ionized halo. The emission from both molecular species extends into the tail region. The presence of this extended molecular emission provides new constraints on the structure of the tails, and on the origin and evolution of the globules.


According to the analysis of the operating characteristics of the air-cooling unit,in terms of the engineering construction of 2 ×300MW subcritical direct air-cooling unit,it's better to configure 3 ×50% of the capacity of the electric feed water pump. To optimize the capacity of the pump electric,each unit is proposed to match 3 electric feed water pump of 50% TRL capacity. Compared with optioning 3 electric feed water pump of 50% BMCR capacity in accordance with the provisions,it can reduce the power consumption of 6. 54 × 106 kWh per year. The saving effect is remarkable.


Pure motor neurologic deficits occur among 3%–14% of all patients with ischemic stroke. Pure motor monoparesis occurs among 2%–22% of patients with pure motor stroke. The authors report the case of a 73‐year‐old woman with isolated finger weakness as the sole manifestation of a small cortical‐subcortical pure motor stroke diagnosed within 4 hours of onset by means of diffusion‐weighted echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging. To the authors' knowledge, the case of a patient with pure motor stroke with finger weakness as the only manifestation has not been previously reported. Increased awareness of this rare clinical presentation of pure motor stroke coupled with the promise of prompt diagnosis by means of diffusion‐weighted MRI should lead to earlier stroke intervention.


The utility of δ15N measurements in Padina australis Hauck as a probe for its external nitrogen (N) sources was tested by monitoring the bulk values of chemical components [δ15N, δ13C, and N and carbon (C) contents] and their internal distributions during a 12 d incubation in a controlled environment. Under the saturated conditions of isotopically heavier nitrate than that of original algal tissue, the bulk δ15N in P. australis was enriched, but less than what was predicted from a simple mixing model, signaling possible isotopic discrimination during N assimilation and subsequent N efflux from the cells. The enhanced N content (%), which occurred simultaneously with this δ15N shift, was a useful signal indicating this phenomenon. Bulk δ15N was enriched, especially around the meristem, in tissues growing under conditions of higher irradiance and temperature, probably due in part to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) excretion. The δ13C enhancement in bulk algal tissues, also associated with high photosynthetic activity, may be an additional signal indicating this unbalanced internal δ15N distribution. However, in summer and winter environmental conditions with periodic nitrate supplies simulating typical fringing reef waters, the difference in measured algal bulk δ15N from theoretical predictions was within ±1.0‰. This difference is very small compared with the variation in δ15N in possible N sources in coastal areas. In the field, therefore, δ15N in Padina can be used effectively to trace N sources in both space and time after determining algal N content and δ13C to determine whether large alterations occur in algal δ15N.


Kohlberg's theory in stages of moral development is one of the most important theories of pschology at present.After his long period research,he concluded that,in the child's moral development,there are 3 levels,and each level has 2 stages.The child's moral value develops stage by stage.His achievement of psychology is very beneficial to the education.


Patch test reading at day 7 is suggested in current national (British Association of Dermatologists 2017) and international (European Society of Contact Dermatitis 2015) guidelines to identify late positive reactions. Allergens most established with late reactions are metals, antibiotics, acrylates and preservatives (Viggiano T, Yiannias JA, Yang YW. A retrospective review of late delayed positive patch testing greater than day 8 at Mayo Clinic from 2001 to 2020. Dermatitis 2022; 33:411–16). We report a case of significantly delayed contact dermatitis to four acrylates and ethyl paraben in a 49-year-old immunocompetent woman. She was referred to the cutaneous allergy clinic for patch testing following a rash affecting the torso after application of a sunscreen during a sunny holiday. She reported historical skin irritation after the use of nail lacquer and at the site of a caesarean section wound that was closed with skin glue 14 years prior. Patch test reading at day 4 (96 h) was negative; positive reactions to ethyl paraben, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and ethyl cyanoacrylate appeared at day 23 (552 h). Positive reactions to hexanediol diacrylate and triethylene glycol diacrylate appeared at day 31 (744 h). These were communicated to us by the patient via email, with photographs clearly showing the development of new positive reactions. Of note, there was no reaction to the sunscreen product, although ethyl paraben was identified in the ingredients list, as well as two acrylate-containing polymers. Sensitization from diagnostic patch testing carried out to accepted international guidelines is rare but can occur with some allergens such as strong sensitizers, including paraphenylenediamine. The allergens identified in our case are found commonly in everyday cosmetics, adhesives and preservatives, including some that the patient had identified previous exposure to. Acrylates are acknowledged for causing potential delayed positive reaction by day 8 (Viggiano et al.); one case report describes true allergic acrylate reaction in a dental worker after 5 weeks (Fowler JF Jr. Late patch test reaction to acrylates in a dental worker. Am J Contact Dermat 1999; 10:224–5). There are no established reports of late positive reactions to ethyl paraben. With increasing online resources, delayed reactions beyond day 7 can be established with patient-initiated remote review of photographs taken during and subsequent to patch testing appointments. This case highlights the importance of keeping channels open for patients to contact the cutaneous allergy team after the final in-person reading to ensure (very) late allergen reactions are not missed.


The purpose of this study is to develop criteria for quantitatively measuring organization commitment factors of physical education instructors for infant. For the study, the researcher selected total 230 who registered in the selected preschool education center located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do. And the researcher conducted the survey and analyzed the 220 copies excluding the insincere responses or double-responses impossible to be used in this study. The collected data used the SPSS 17.0 Version to conduct the frequency analysis, the search factor analysis, the reliability analysis, correlation analysis and used the AMOS 18.0 to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis. In conclusion, 4 factors were selected as achievement orientation factors of Job commitment factors to physical education instructors for infant.; Unity, Affection, Ethic, Sustenance , total 11items.


$t\geqq 0$ . In [6], Strassen proved the almost sure invariance principle for martingales and in [31, Jain, Jogdeo and Stout extended the Strassen's results. On the other hand, in [5], Philipp and Stout showed the almost sure invariance principle for mixing sequences. In this Paper, we shall prove the almost sure invariance principle for absolutely regular processes. In particular, we shall prove the following Theorem 1. Assume that $\{\xi_{\ell}\}$ is a strictly stationary, absolutely regular process which satisfies the following conditions;


The paper considers the total effect of primary structure parameters on steel mechanical properties depending on the wall thickness of castings. It is shown that during the formation of mechanical properties with an increase in the thickness of the work-piece, the role of the sizes of primary grains decreases and the role of reducing the dispersion of dendritic crystals increases, due to the process of dendritic branches coarsening.


Objective
To estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in 2016-2017 influenza season.

Methods
Data were collected from SARI surveillance. The case control study design was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of vaccination among influenza positive and negative cases.

Results
During 2016-2017 influenza season, overall adjusted VE against influenza associated SARI was 45.1% (95%CI: 6.7 - 67.7). The VE against influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 was 71.8% (95%CI: -20.1 - 93.4%) and the VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38.0% (95%CI: -10.7 - 65.3). For patients vaccinated only in the current season, the VE was 60.2% (95%CI: -35.8 - 88.4).

Conclusions
The seasonal influenza vaccine of 2016-2017 influenza season showed good vaccine effectiveness against influenza associated SARI. It is recommended that vunerable population of SARI should receive influenza vaccination every year.

Key words:
Influenza; Vaccine; Vaccine effectiveness


Abstract Every quadrangle is the perspective image of a square. We illustrate this statement by using perspective art techniques and by analogy to the visualization of conic sections. We also give examples of how understanding perspective images of squares can be applied fruitfully in the areas of photogrammetry (determining true relative sizes of real-world objects from a photograph) and linear algebra (more specifically, in the decomposition of projective transformations).


The experiment looks into the effects over Cercospora Sojina Hara treatment over leek seed germination and early seedling. It shows that the immersion of seed into 100mg/ L solution for 12- 24h can effectively enhance the leek seed germination momentum and index, and promote the seedling growth. Yet it has no influence over germination rate. In case of direct seedling acceleration with seed immersion, the solution treatment of 200□㎎/ L~300□㎎/ L Cercospora Sojina Hara also can effectively uplift the momentum and index, and the 50 ~100□㎎ / L solution can effectively facilitate the seedling growth.


Abstract A new specific synthesis of ρ-cyclocitral is presented. The key step is the dehydration of the trans 2.2.6-trimethylcyclohexanone cyanohydrin by thionyl chloride.


Our conutry ancient football originate from disappearance when getting late and clear by oneself, kick and bring up change of goal deduced and published different activities and contest ways, It has reflected the change and the rise and decline of ancient football to a certain extent.


Accelerated electrochemical tests of resistance to pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steels alloyed with nitrogen in 3.5 % NaCl solution were conducted: open circuit potentials were determined and potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained to estimate the bases of pitting corrosion resistance. Based on the performed investigations and regression analysis the equation for calculating of the pitting potential of nitrogen-containing austenitic steels, based on their chemical composition was suggested.


A shielding device comprises a shielding housing, a first conductor, a second conductor and a support frame. The shielding shell comprises an upper cover and a lower cover; the upper cover comprises a top plate, two opposite side walls and rear walls; the side walls and the rear walls of the upper cover respectively comprise a body and a folded edge and are respectively connected with the top plate; the folded edges are respectively folded from the tail end of the body of each own towards the lower cover. The lower cover comprises a bottom plate, two side walls and rear walls; the side walls and the rear walls of the lower cover respectively extend out from the bottom plate towards the direction of the upper cover. After the upper cover and the lower cover are assembled, the side walls and the rear walls of the upper cover are overlapped with the side walls and the rear walls of the lower cover; besides, a holding space is formed between the folded edges and the side walls and the rear walls of the lower cover; the second conductor is arranged in the holding space; the first conductor is arranged outside the front end of the shielding housing through self-elasticity; the supporting frame is arranged on the outside of the front end of the shielding housing to support the first conductor. The utility also provides the electric products which use the shielding device.


Dissolution behavior of SKD 61 in molten high Si-Al alloy (B 390 alloy) at 700-800°C was investigated. The 10mmφ test piece was revolved on the 30mmφ orbit at 0-500rpm, that corresponds to 120-7000 of Re number.Results obtained are as follows;1) The compound layer covering the dissolved specimen was FeSiAl3.2) Surface profiles of dissolved specimen were classified into three types. Type I, which appears to be homogeneous dissolution, was observed at low temperature and Re number. The dissolution rate was controlled by the diffusion of Fe in molten Al alloy.3) In case of type II, the dissolution occured mainly at front side of specimen and the dissolution is accelerated by flaking of compound layer, which was caused by negative pressure around the test piece.4) Type III is characterized by uncertain local dissolution and high dissolution rate than type II. Accelerating mechanism of type III cannot be explained by flaking of compound layer or local high velocity by turblent flow.


With the growing availability and use of copper based nanomaterials (Cu-NMs), there is increasing concern regarding their release and potential impact on the environment. In this study, the short term (≤ 5 days) ageing profile and the long term (4 months) speciation of dissolved Cu, copper oxide (CuO-) and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS-NPs) were investigated in five different soils using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Soil pH was found to strongly influence the short term chemistry of the Cu-NMs added at 100 mg/kg above background. Low pH soils promoted rapid dissolution of CuO-NPs that effectively aligned their behaviour to that of dissolved Cu within 3 days. In higher pH soils, CuO-NPs persisted longer due to slower dissolution in the soil and resulted in contrasting short term speciation compared to dissolved Cu, which formed copper hydroxides and carbonates that were reflective of the soil chemistry. Organic matter appeared to slow the dissolution process but in the long term, the speciation of Cu added as dissolved Cu, CuO-NPs and CuS-NPs were found to be same for each soil. The results imply that in the short term Cu-NMs may exhibit unique behaviour in alkaline soils compared to their conventional forms (e.g. in the event of an adverse leaching event), but in the long term (≥ 4 months), their fates are dictated by the soil properties and are independent of the initial Cu form, and are likely to present minimal risk of nano-specific Cu-NM impact in the soil environment for the concentration studied here.


A 2.051-µm CPA source based on a Ho:YLF amplifier chain generates 55 mJ picosecond pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate. The system is distinguished by an excellent stability with a pulse-to-pulse rms <0.6%.


INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis, referred to as "silent epidemic" is Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone character ized by reduct ion in bone mass, disease in developed countries. In the United States, as microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue which many as 8 million women and 2 million men have 1 leads to increased risk of fractures. The World Health osteoporosis . Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis as a bone and osteoporotic fractures impose a great burden on density that falls 2.5 standard deviations (SD) below the society and individuals. mean for young healthy adults of same gender (T score 1 of – 2.5) . A loss of one SD gives rise to an enhanced PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROSIS 2 Bone's resistance to fracture is determined by its twofold risk of spine fractures or a 2.5 risk of hip fracture . structural and material characteristics, which are Long term morbidity and lowered quality of life due to determined by life long remodeling of bone by vertebral and hip fractures can be the greatest problem osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone associated with osteoporosis. 3 formation . Bone remodeling repairs microdamage within the skeleton thus maintaining its strength and also maintains serum calcium by supplying calcium from the bone skeleton.Bone remodeling is regulated by several circulating hormones, like estrogen, androgens, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone, as well as locally produced growth factors like IGF-I &II, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, interleukins, prostaglandins and members of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily like Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) which is produced by osteoblasts and activated T cells and is responsible for coupling between osteoblasts, osteoclasts and other marrow cells.


Land clearing for oil palm plantations using heavy equipment will affect the physical properties of the soil, namely increasing soil compaction and decreasing soil porosity and soil moisture content. However, along with the growth of plantation crops such as oil palm, it is suspected that it can restore the physical properties of the soil. The aim of the study was to examine the differences in the physical characteristics of the soil at various ages of oil palm and the slope. The study was conducted in one of the oil palm plantations, Simpang Tuan Village, Mendahara Ulu District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency from March to May 2021. The study was carried out using the survey method, selecting representative areas using the Purposive Random Sampling method on oil palm plantation areas with various ages (newly planted, 5 years old, and 12 years old) and various marbles (0-3%, 3-8%, and 8-15%) with 3 replications. Parameters observed were soil texture, soil organic matter content, bulk density, water content, and soil permeability. The results showed that the older the age of oil palm plantations, the increase in organic matter content, total pore space, water content and soil permeability and a decrease in volume weight. The steeper the slope, the greater the weight of the soil volume and a decrease in the organic matter content, total pore space, water content and soil permeability.


Literature is the true voice of human beings.As a member of human beings,women must have their own feelings and thoughts.Han Dynasty(206 BC——220 AD) was such a period in which feminine poetry is fairly flourishing.In the poetry,the feminine poets expressed their own feelings to inform the world of their existence.Though they lived a hard life,they were strong-willed.The poems,which were created by feminine poets in a body writing way,were powerful songs of life at that time,even to the modern times.


The consumption of added sugars (e.g. sucrose [table sugar] and high-fructose corn syrup) over the last 200 years has increased exponentially and parallels the increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data for animals and humans suggest that the consumption of added sugars leads to kidney damage and related metabolic derangements that increase cardiovascular risk. Importantly, the consumption of added sugars has been found to induce insulin resistance and increase uric acid in humans, both of which increase the conversion of glucose to fructose (i.e. fructogenesis) via the polyol pathway. The polyol pathway has recently been implicated in the contribution and progression of kidney damage, suggesting that even glucose can be toxic to the kidney via its endogenous transformation into fructose in the proximal tubule. Consuming added fructose has been shown to induce insulin resistance, which can lead to hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the immune system, all of which can synergistically contribute to kidney damage. CKD guidelines should stress a reduction in the consumption of added sugars as a means to prevent and treat CKD as well as reduce CKD–related morbidity and mortality.


The Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) is an evidence-based model of instruction implemented by a facilitator (e.g., general or special education teacher, family member, related service professional, transition professional) to enable students to learn to self-regulate problem solving in service to a goal. Students learn how to select personally relevant goals, develop action plans for achieving those goals, and self-monitor and self-evaluate progress toward achieving those goals. To scale-up the implementation of the SDLMI with fidelity by facilitators, there is a need for a systematic coaching model. Researchers have established coaching as a critical aspect of the implementation of evidence-based practices at scale and as a part of ongoing professional development. The purpose of this article is to describe steps taken to develop a systematic coaching model to support the implementation of the SDLMI. We will describe components of the SDLMI Coaching Model and the process through which they were derived from the coaching literature and data gathered during SDLMI research studies. We will conclude with implications for the implementation of the SDLMI Coaching Model at scale while maintaining a focus on individual students' support needs. Causal Agency Theory provides an empirically-validated framework for conceptualizing the development of self-determination across the lifespan. Causal Agency Theory defines self-determination as a "dispositional characteristic manifested as acting as the causal agent in one's life. Self-determined people (i.e., causal agents) act in service to freely chosen goals" (Shogren, Wehmeyer, Palmer, Forber-Pratt et al., 2015, p. 258). Self-determination develops across the lifespan as children and youth have opportunities to build skills and attitudes associated with self-determined actions including choice-making, decisionmaking, problem solving, goal setting and attainment, planning, self-management, self-advocacy, self-awareness, and self-knowledge (Shogren, Wehmeyer, Palmer, Forber-Pratt et al., 2015). The positive impact of promoting self-determination on in-school (e.g., academic achievement, goal attainment; Shogren et al., 2012) and post-school (e.g., employment, community participation; Shogren, Wehmeyer, Palmer, Rifenbark, & Little, 2015) outcomes has been confirmed by multiple research studies (Hagiwara et al., 2017). As such, in both general and special education, there is a growing emphasis on promoting the skills associated with self-determination in inclusive environments aligned with efforts to promote social-emotional learning and college and career readiness (Shogren et al., 2016). Researchers have established teachers can embed instruction in skills associated with self-determination into academic and transition-related content, leading to enhanced selfdetermination and goal attainment (Powers et al., 2012; Test et al., 2009). However, teachers have also identified the need for further support for implementation, particularly as reThis research was supported in part by a grant from the Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Special Education Research, Grant Award R324A170008. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mayumi Hagiwara, Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, 3134 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045. Email: email@example.com Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2020, 55(1), 17–27 © Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities SDLMI Coaching Model / 17 search project-based supports fade. This lead to the activities undertaken to create the SDLMI Coaching Model. Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction The Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI; Shogren et al., 2019) is an evidencebased practice (National Technical Assistance Center on Transition, 2017) designed to embed instruction on self-determination in ongoing curricular activities. The SDLMI is designed to be implemented by a facilitator (e.g., general or special education teachers, career counselors, transition specialists). Facilitators enable students to learn and practice skills associated with self-determination, by providing explicit instruction (e.g., how to make choices, set goals, plan) and embedding opportunities to practice those skills in ongoing instruction to ultimately teach students to self-regulate problem solving in service to a goal. As such, general or special education teachers can use the SDLMI to shape their instruction and teach students how to set and attain goals that are linked to the general education curriculum or students' individualized learning plans, including transition planning. The SDLMI can be implemented with students with and without disabilities, in whole-class, small group, or one-to-one settings. Essentially, the SDLMI was designed as a model of instruction that could be overlaid on any curricular area to support teachers in enabling students to set and work toward goals in that curricular area (Shogren et al., 2019). The SDLMI consists of a three-phase instructional process repeated over time to enable students to work on setting and attaining goals that build on and enhance each other (see Figure 1). Each of the three instructional phases includes four Student Questions that guide students through the problem-solving steps needed to solve the overarching question of each phase (Phase 1: What is my goal?, Phase 2: What is my plan?, Phase 3: What have I learned?). The solution to the problem in each phase leads to the problem-solving sequence in the Student Questions in the next phase. Importantly, each Student Question is linked to a set of Teacher Objectives that provide teachers or other facilitators with a road map for how they can organize instruction to enable students to answer each Student Question. The Teacher Objectives drive teachers' instructional practices and actions and are linked to Educational Supports, which are strategies teachers can use to meet the specified objective based on students' individualized learning needs. Teachers deliver targeted instruction on these strategies to support students in answering the Student Questions. Additionally, teachers integrate the identified goal and action plan into ongoing instructional activities by embedding opportunities for students to apply learned skills in service to their goals. For example, a student might set a goal to ensure they have provided the format of a solution in math class (e.g., most simplified version) by underlining the directions on homework, quizzes and tests. To support the student in achieving their goal and implementing their action plan, the teacher can refer to this goal during core content instruction as well as deliver targeted instruction enFigure 1. The phases of the SDLMI. © 2017 – Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, Lawrence, KS USA. 18 / Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities-March 2020 abling the student to develop a system that prompts them to underline the directions before each beginning each assignment. In a recent, systematic literature review of the SDLMI studies, Hagiwara and colleagues (2017) found that all 21 SDLMI studies produced positive students outcomes (e.g., enhanced self-determination, increased access to the general education curriculum, improved classroom behavior, student-directed transition planning). However, only eight out of the studies identified in the literature that were implemented by teachers and/or other facilitators reported the characteristics of initial training and ongoing technical assistance activities to support the implementation of the SDLMI. For example, Shogren et al. (2012) and Wehmeyer et al. (2012) reported that teachers were trained for 0.5 to 1.5 days prior to implementation and supported through ongoing email support. However, no ongoing, systematic training, professional development, or coaching were delivered. Cho et al., (2011) found that teachers reported a lack of formal training in interventions to promote self-determination as one of the most significant barriers to implementing instruction to enhance self-determination in general and special education. In a recent statewide SDLMI implementation (Shogren et al., 2018), efforts were undertaken to provide teachers with more systematic implementation supports, including coaching and yearly professional development. While coaching played a major role in supporting the teachers to implement the SDLMI with fidelity in this project, the coaching was delivered relatively informally and varied across participating districts when evaluated from the lens of implementation science (Burke et al., 2019). Therefore, researchers recommended establishing a systematic coaching model to ensure that high-quality, consistent coaching is delivered across coaches and their assigned facilitators. Furthermore, researchers suggested improving the coaching system by: (a) asking teachers for feedback on their coaching experiences and (b) establishing a strong, integrated fidelity assessment system to addresses teacher practices in the classroom and coaching practices to ensure high quality implementation (Burke et al., 2019). Development of the SDLMI Coaching Model The importance of coaching in promoting fidelity of implementation of an effective innovation has been widely acknowledged (Fixsen et al., 2005). Coaching also plays a key role in ensuring facilitators of an intervention to have the competencies to implement evidence-based practices as intended over time (Snyder et al., 2015). Additionally, researchers have identified coaching as an effective way to provide face-to-face modeling and guidance on the use of interventions (Fixsen et al., 2010). For teachers and other facilitators to implement the SDLMI with fidelity, best practice recommends the importance of sustained and systematic supports thr


Objective To review the early complications of trabeculectomy and the efficiency of the treatment in glaucoma patients undergoing trabeculectomy.Methods One hundred and ninety seven patients(211eyes)who performed trabeculectomy surgery in our hospital from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006 were reviewed. The procedures include trabeculectomy only(103eyes)and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C(MMC)application (108eyes). The early complications were described and the mechanisms were analyzed. The treatments were also discussed.Results Most of the early complications were treated by medicines(50 eyes 92.59%). There was no significant difference between trabeculectomy group and trabeculectomy with MMC application group in the incidence of some early complications.Conclusion Most of the early complications may be effectively treated by medicine. Choose surgical procedures individually may reduce complications of trabeculectomy surgery.


This video presents the Hello.Wall artefact in a mixedmedia set-up to support spontaneous, informal encounters in two remote lounge spaces of a distributed team. The Hello.Walls are used as awareness tools to know more about the remote team's state and at the same time as a tool to smoothen transitions to place-based video communication among the remote teams' members. This connecting-remote-teams scenario was tested in a living-lab evaluation for several weeks and proved to foster remote informal encounters and thereby contributed to smooth and fluent project work in our Ambient-Agoras project.


The dynamics of quasi-horizontal motions in a stably stratified fluid have been simulated for Froude numbers of order 1, so that the flows are strongly affected by the stable density stratification, and for a range of Reynolds numbers. It is found that the horizontal scales of the motion grow continuously in time. The vertical scales decrease and the vertical shearing increases with time, maintaining the Richardson number of order 1, as suggested by Lilly [J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 749 (1983)] and Babin et al. [Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 9, 223 (1997)]. Small-scale instabilities and turbulent-like motions are observed to occur in the high shearing regions, while the larger-scale motions appear to evolve somewhat independently of the Reynolds number. The results suggest that the larger-scale, quasi-horizontal motions would be a continuous source of smaller-scale turbulence until the local Reynolds number drops below a critical value, which is estimated. Finally, a Froude number based upon a vertical differential scale and used in previous scaling arguments and theories is estimated in terms of other parameters.


MAST cell neoplasia is rare in ruminants (Johnstone 1972, Stephens and Mullowney 1986, Khan and others 1995). Although visceral mastocytosis has been reported previously in a goat (Khan and others 1995), to the authors' knowledge, this short communication represents the first report of a cutaneous mast cell tumour in a goat. A small subcutaneous swelling located approximately 7-5 cm caudal to the base of the right ear of a six-week-old female nubian goat was surgically excised one week after its detection. The kid was bright, alert, and in good nutritional condition. Its owner stated that the kid was one of triplets and had been born on her breeding goat farm in Anderson County, Tennessee. The kid was bottle-fed pasteurised goat's milk after receiving colostrum at birth. At one week of age it was fed a 16 per cent protein commercially prepared goat feed, ad libitum, in addition to the milk diet. At five weeks of age, the owner noticed a slight swelling which was assumed to be the result of an insect bite. The mass grew rapidly and the owner requested its surgical removal one week later. The excised swelling was fixed in 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin for histological examination. Grossly, the fixed specimen contained a slightly elevated, discrete, convex, 2 x 1-75 x 0-5 cm, tan-green mass. Microscopically, the mass was well circumscribed, nonencapsulated and bordered on its deep margin by panniculus carnosus. The mass was composed of coalescing islands of fairly uniform oval cells with distinct cytoplasmic borders, moderate amounts of pink to colourless cytoplasm and round, oval, indented or convoluted, open-faced nuclei (Fig 1). Many of the cells, which were interpreted to be neoplastic, contained small vacuoles, fine eosinophilic granules or a few larger eosinophilic globules. Numerous foci of eosinophils were surrounded by islands of neoplastic cells. Cytoplasm of a small number of neoplastic cells contained metachromatic granules in sections stained with Giesma and toluidine blue. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells were oval with a single, irregular-shaped nucleus which was positioned centrally within the cell (Fig 2). The cytoplasm of these cells was filled with numerous vacuoles, some of which were clearly membrane bound. Often within the vacuole was a single granule of medium electron density (Fig 2). Within many of the neoplastic mast cells was a single cytoplasmic aggregation of membranes known as annulate lamellae. Admixed among tumour cells were numerous eosinophils (Fig 2), some of which had characteristic crystalline cores within the cytoplasmic granules. The lack of surrounding membrane and granular core of many of the mast cell granules may have been due to fixation artefact. However, the granules were morphologically consistent with scroll-poor mast cell granules. It is not known if there is any significance of annulate lamellae within the cytoplasm of the neoplastic mast cells in this case. Annulate lamellae are sometimes found in both normal and neoplastic cells (Ghadially 1985, 1988). Some authors


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene regulators, which are often deregulated in cancers. In this study, the authors analyzed the microRNAs profiles of 78 matched cancer/noncanerous liver tissues from HCC patients and 10 normal liver tissues and found that 69 miRNAs were differentially expressed between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and corresponding noncancerous liver tissues (N). Then the expressions of 8 differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by real time RT PCR. The set of differentially expressed miRNAs could distinctly classify HCC, N and normal liver tissues (NL). Moreover, some of these differentially expressed miRNAs were related to the clinical factors of HCC patients. Most importantly, Kaplan‐Meier estimates and the log‐rank test showed that high expression of hsa‐miR‐125b was correlated with good survival of HCC patients (hazard ratio, 1.787, 95% confidence interval, 1.020–3.133, p = 0.043). The transfection assay showed that overexpression of miR‐125b in HCC cell line could obviously suppress the cell growth and phosporylation of Akt. In conclusion, the authors have demonstrated the diagnostic miRNA profile for HCC, and for the first time, identified the miR‐125b with predictive significance for HCC prognosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The aim of this paper is to present axiological rsearches that were going on during the work on the Polish Constitution in the early years of transformation. One of the fundamental discussions at the initial stage of the work on the Constitution was a discussion that often took the form of a dispute about values. One of the elements of the dispute was the problem of dependence between ius and lex. In this context, references were made to the European legal heritage and concepts such as European identity or the common European legal heritage. The main challenge for all post-socialist countries was the need to 'decode', or explain the concept of 'common legal heritage'. This concept became a peculiar founding myth in the new democracies of Central Europe. In this context, the Venice Commission (formed in 1990) played an extremely important role by helping countries to discover what evolved from the common European legal tradition to become a European standard, and consequently, a model for concrete legal solutions. In the general category, therefore, the so-called European standard was perceived as a central value and a reference to it was an important verifier in the process of reviewing the internal legal system and, particularly, in the process of constitutional changes, especially on issues such as the rule of law, separation of powers, or the independence of the judiciary and judicial control over the constitutionality of the law. Despite disputes concerning specific political regulations, the consensus that prevailed was that the rules which referred to the 'axiology' of the previous system could not pretend to constitute an element of the European legal heritage and thus could not serve as a basis for the drafting of a new Polish Constitution.


A series of tests of outdoor wood-plastic composite products had been conducted at major weather test sites in China,as well as accelerated laboratory tests and forced oxidation tests.Wood plastic products of PVC substrates aging was very serious,with the loss of impact strength up to 70%and serious fading.Some PE substrate of plastic wood products after aging can keep the mechanical properties and fade slowly.


What constitutes "ideal weight" and "ideal diet" for women remains controversial. The assumptions of scientists differ, yet they usually study body mass index (BMI), rather than weight, when making recommendations. Often the concern is about whether there is a relationship between BMI and chronic morbidity leading to mortality. The best research, of course, is longitudinal, following the same individuals over time rather than taking cross-sectional snapshots of a population. Scientific research recommendations in the 21 century are published in journal articles and/or textbooks, and subsequently, research findings may or may not get passed on to patients via health care practitioners. As a symbolic interactionist and a gerontologist, I know that women's weighty concerns are socially constructed in interactions with others. These "others" may or may not include health practitioners, but certainly do include romantic partners, tabloid idols, friends, and family members. I suggest that many of us who are not health practitioners consider short-term expectations of others, including what makes us attractive to others, what makes us happy when we interact with others, and what others expect of us and we expect of ourselves on a daily basis when we think about ideal weight. Am I wrong to suggest that the primary concern with weight is more about how we think we appear to others than it is about BMI? In this issue of Health Care for Women International authors add to our knowledge of weighty issues. The phenomenological work of Groven and Glenn is helpful in explaining what is important to women when they consider weight loss surgery, and, if they decide to pursue surgery, whether it is successful months later. Sang-Yeon Kim and colleagues provide data explaining how weight is a component of self-image, and how this component differs by culture. It is interesting that Japanese women perceive themselves to be heavier than do Korean women, and that a self-constructed view of physical appearance may contribute to decisions regarding whether to accept health care advice. After reading further research by Groven on weight loss surgery, this time co-authored with Braithwaite, I inferred that advertisements for weight-loss surgery targeting women over-emphasize the benefits of surgery based on ideals for physical attractiveness post-surgery, while simultaneously under-emphasizing whether surgery will contribute positively to fulfilling other role expectations judged to be important to women. Finally, we publish Kitae Sohn's work in which she estimates the degree to which age at menarche can serve as a predictor of future body fat in Indonesia. The author conducted this study to see if findings regarding such a relationship in more developed countries would also persist in Indonesia. She found that they did


This paper analysed pulses,glitches and interference of digital geomagnetic observation data recorded by Jingyang station,and processed data for noise reduction by using wavelet transform modulus maxima method.The results show that the geomagnetic signal characteristics of the processed data can be retained,and signal to noise ratio are improved.So wavelet transform method has an inhibitory effect on interference.


Electronic business refers to the use of Internet for doing business. Rush to E-Business sites attitude affects the quality of such sites in many ways. The increase of popularity of the e business sites are creating challenges everyday for the service provider. For developing an extensive E-Business model we have to analyze the various performance affecting issues and E-Business essentials. The primary aim of this paper is to discuss the issues which are affecting the quality of e business sites. Among that some of the major issues are scalability and security. Scalability is one of the important issue because, the lack of resource allocation leads to the loss of potential customer that will lead to the revenue loss of a particular concern. On the other side security issue creates bad image to the whole business that's why trust building is an important target of every concern with proper security mechanism. In this paper we are trying to present the various methodologies involved in sorting out these issues and the future directions towards building most effective E-Business model.


In order to be successful in the market it is not sufficient to attract new customers managers must concentrate on retaining existing customers implementing effective policies of customer satisfaction and loyalty. In hotel industry customer satisfaction is largely hooked upon service quality. A management approach focused on customer satisfaction can improve customer loyalty, thus increasing the positive image of the touristic destination. Hence, exploring the importance for customers of hotel attributes in hotel selection is indispensable. Research on the topic of guest satisfaction, which translates into the consideration of whether or not customers will return to a hotel or advise it to other tourists, is pivotal to the success of the hospitality business. Neglecting to pay attention to those hotel attributes considered most important by guests, may lead to negative evaluation of the hotel, thus restricting the chance of repeat patronage. We perform a qualitative analysis of a large hotel in Sicily (IT), the Sporting Club Hotel in the town Cefalu, using the Critical Incident Approach (Hayes, 2008). Through the analysis of this case we evaluate the overall customer satisfaction level for the hotel and for each supplied service . We conclude discussing the result and proposing improvement in customer satisfaction management of the hotel.


Patterns of diseases and resulting well-being, morbidity and mortality have changed considerably in the last decades namely in developed countries. Infection-contagious diseases are no longer a major threat and other chronic ailments such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer are today major factors in lack of health and mortality. In developing countries parasitic and infectious diseases are still major sources of illness while chronic diseases are not so easy to diagnose due to lack of proper equipment, staff and financing. A vast list of clinical, physiopathological, and epidemiological studies has underlined the detrimental or beneficial role of nutritional factors in some chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. It has been described that lifestyle, environmental conditions, and nutritional compounds influence gene expression. Nutritional interventions and using low-dose immunotherapy as a foundation to rebuilding healthy immune systems through feeding may change the pattern of chronic diseases. An enormous amount of natural products, foods or dietary supplements, are considered to help to prevent cancer although most lack scientific and consistent evidence performed on experimental and clinical trials.


The laser-induced stabilisation of atoms producing new chemical species has been evidenced before in the case of helium atoms in high-frequency strong laser fields producing quasi-stable dimers with a strong chemical bond. In the current work, it is shown that the laser-dressed orbitals of helium atoms retain their atomic character, for feasible laser parameters. Namely, the laser-dressed electron density of helium atom peaks at the atomic position. Yet, because of light-induced polarisation two other smaller peaks are obtained at the two classical turning points of the electronic quiver motion. The situation is remarkably different for the case of many-electron atoms such as sulphur. The laser-dressed electron density does not peak at the atomic nucleus (as in the case of helium in laser fields), but maximises at the two classical turning points of the electronic quiver motion that is induced by the high-frequency strong laser field. In the presence of high-frequency strong linear polarised laser field sulphur atoms and helium atoms interact to produce a strong chemical bond which is three orders of magnitude stronger than conventional chemical bonds and the laser-dressed bond in helium dimer. Moreover, as we show here, by varying the quiver length parameter of the laser field and the inter-nuclear distance, the structure of HeS changes from one isomer to another, as evidenced by the double minima in the laser-dressed Born–Oppenheimer potential energy curves.


The present work was aimed to study the effect of extracted phenolic compounds from Salicornia air part by several solvents as natural antioxidants on preservation of corn oil comparing with synthetic antioxidant (TBA) on the oil stability against oxidative rancidity during storage at 70 °C for 5 days. The results indicate that the best solvent for extracting polyphenolic compounds was methanol followed by ethanol, chloroform and water. HPLC analysis for the total polyphenols extracted from the air part of salicornia fruticosa indicated to presence high percentages of Pyrogallol, Ellagic, B-OH Benzoic and Catechin. The extracted phenolic acids were tested against corn oil keeping quality. Results show that peroxide value and TBA values of corn oil that treated by different types of extracts at different levels were lower than control. Keywords: Salicornia fruticosa; DPPH; Corn oil; Phenolic extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18856 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(1) , 53-58, 2014


Origin of tosudite is controversy and two hypotheses have been postulated including the diagenesis of precursor materials or the direct precipitation from hydrothermal solutions. The newly-discovered dioctahedral Li-tosudite from the kaolin deposits of north-west of Gonabad, Mashhad, Iran was studied in the current paper to examine its origin on the light of these hypotheses. The studied tosudite occurs as soft, white to grayish white and fine-grained lenses ranged in diameter from 30 cm up to 2 m in diameter. The lenses are composed of thin uniform flakes (up to 5 μm in size) with very fine and rounded anatase crystals between flakes. In the XRD pattern, the characteristic basal spacing of 27.6A for the air-dried mineral was changed to 30.1A when glycolated and to 22.5A upon heating. Infrared and differential thermal analyses confirmed the occurrence of tosudite and suggested that it is Li-tosudite. Chemical analysis indicated that the studied tosudite is composed mainly of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 with relatively high TiO 2 content (0.9%) due to the presence of anatase. The high Li 2 O content (1.4%) confirmed the Li nature of the tosudite. Ba, Pb, V, and Zr were detected in relatively high concentrations compared to other trace elements. Chondrite-normalized REEs patterns exhibited LREE enrichment relative to HREE as shown by (La/Yb) N ratio of 35 and negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu * = 0.57). The occurrence of tosudite as uniform and homogeneous lenses as well as the absence of any preexisting minerals suggests the authigenic origin of the studied tosudite as direct precipitation from hydrothermal solutions that was previously reported in association with the magmatic activities of the studied locality. The relative enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and the Eu anomaly suggests an acidic igneous rock as a possible source of the studied tosudite.


Mobile ground based terminals observe significant Doppler on the forward channel when communicating through mobile satellites as LEO.In this paper,the characterization of Doppler shift in mobile satellite communication systems is analysed.And then an optimal scheme is introduced with no on board processing.


mold remediation often involves personal possessions: should they be cleaned or discarded? Defense wants to just HEPA-vacuum the surfaces of the items, while plaintiff wants all soft-surface items to be discarded. But why do these disagreements occur so frequently? Part of the reason may be due to the selection of the sampling method. If the sampling method cannot differentiate between "contamination" and "colonization," then sample results may be difficult to interpret.


JAKE LYNCH, Reporting the World (Conflict and Peace Forums, Taplow, 2002), 103 pp., ISBN 0-9542064-0-1 MONROE E. PRICE and MARK THOMPSON (eds), Forging Peace: Intervention, Human Rights and the Management of Media Space (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002), 408 pp., ISBN 0-7486-1501-6 PIERS ROBINSON, The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and Intervention (Routledge, London, 2002), 177 pp., ISBN 0-415-25905-3


The system of reliability in the process of shipbuilding shows the characteristics of dynamics, randomness and uncertainty, and the system is a typical non-linear system. Due to the limitations of traditional mathematical methods solving the non-linear system, this paper applies the wavelet neural network model for reliability evaluation based on the index system and weight algorithm. Results prove that the wavelet neural network model can solve the evaluation problems in the non-linear system, and it can do better than the BP artificial neural networks in fitting accuracy and convergence rate, so the application of wavelet neural network model has an important value.


【Objective】 The study was to provide information about materials selection and depth design of cover in waste landfill,and to leachate pollution control in loessial area by studying purification of loessial soil.【Method】 Collecting soil samples in cultivated horizon(0-25 cm),plow pan(25-60 cm),argillic horizon(60-120 cm) and calcic horizon(120-175 cm),adding leachate in terms of different ratios of solvent to soil(Vloume(mL) to mass(g) ratio,the same with below;5∶1,10∶1,20∶1,30∶1) by static and dynamic adsorption experiments,adsorption characteristics of COD and NH+4-N in different layer loessial soil,and changes of COD removal rate are researched.【Result】 The results show that adsorption amounts of cultivated horizon,argillic horizon and calcic horizon to COD in leachate reach the maximum amounts,which are 100,80,60 mg/g,respectively when oscillation time is 4 h.Those of plow pan,argillic horizon and calcic horizon to NH+4-N in leachate reach the maximum amounts,which are 13.76,13.24,10.76 mg/g,respectively,when oscillation time is 2 h.But the maximum adsorption amounts of cultivated horizon to NH+4-N is 26.12 mg/g when oscillation time is 1 h.With the increase of ratio of solvent to soil,the adsorption amounts of different layer soil to COD and NH+4-N are increased gradually(except plow pan).【Conclusion】 The purification of loessial soil to COD divides into three stages which are complete adsorption,partial adsorption and saturation adsorption.Considering purification of different soil layers,cultivated horizon and argillic horizon should be selected as materials of cover in waste landfill,and cover depth is 100 cm properly.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been with us now for over a decade, providing positioning information across a broad range of applications. In the geographical information systems (GIS) area, the potential of GPS technology is really only just starting to be realised. The major areas of use have been for mapping the locations of features, particularly for asset management. This paper describes a few of the issues involved in using the Global Positioning System to acquire data for GIS. This paper also describes one of the technology integration projects currently being undertaken at the School of Surveying, that explores the potential of integrated technologies for space-time monitoring of any phenomena. A prototype DGPS/GIS system was developed using lightweight, inexpensive, off-the shelf parts. The development of this type of technology promises to revolutionise the way one can acquire space-time data, providing us with an expanded vision of how to monitor the environment and manage all types of assets.<<ETX>>


In (3 + 1) spacetime dimensions, the Rainich conditions are a set of equations expressed solely in terms of the metric tensor which are equivalent to the Einstein-Maxwell equations for non-null electromagnetic fields. Here we provide the analogous conditions for (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity coupled to electromagnetism. Both the non-null and null cases are treated. The construction of these conditions is based upon reducing the problem to that of gravity coupled to a scalar field, which we have treated elsewhere. These conditions can be easily extended to other theories of (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity. For example, we apply the geometrization conditions to topologically massive gravity coupled to the electromagnetic field and obtain a family of plane-fronted wave solutions.


Based on the meaning of work (MOW) research and the typology of work-leisure relations developed by Wilensky and Parker, this study investigates the relationship between work-leisure orientation and the meaning of work domain variables, including work centrality, work ethic, intrinsic value, extrinsic value, and job satisfaction. The 2006 Korean Value Survey (KVS) dataset was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results show that work-oriented respondents have larger value for work centrality variable and smaller value for work ethic than the leisure-oriented. The work-leisure relations for the work centrality and the work ethic are characterized as an 'identity/spillover' model. No significant difference was found between work-oriented and leisure-oriented respondents regarding both the intrinsic value and the extrinsic value. This implies that a 'separateness/segmentation' model properly characterizes the work-leisure relations for intrinsic and the extrinsic values. The multinomial logistic regression analysis of work-leisure relations shows that as job satisfaction increases in value, the likelihood of being leisure-oriented decreases, suggesting that a 'contrast/compensation' model be the proper characterization of the relations. The nature of the relationship between meaning of work variables and leisure orientation defies any simple generalization, and contradicts the conventional approaches that consider work and leisure to be unitary concepts and attempt to establish which of the three models best characterizes their relationship.


We report the effect of oleic acid-capped magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs, γ-Fe2O3) on the morphology and phase separation behavior of diblock copolymer thin film, polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate), PS-b-PMMA, under various experimental conditions such as the casting solvent, mNPs concentration, and the annealing time. If chloroform (CHCl3, slightly selective for PMMA) is selected as the casting solvent, the morphologies of the PS-b-PMMA thin film are affected by the embedded mNPs, while there will be no such effect when toluene (slightly selective for PS) is used. In toluene systems, at lower mNP concentration, lateral microphase separation occurred faster than that without mNPs, but at higher concentration, the underlying self-assembled diblock copolymer structure is no longer correlated with the mNPs assembly. Increasing the annealing time of the PS-b-PMMA/mNPs nanocomposite thin film causes a similar effect as that of increasing the concentration of mNPs.


Malaria is a health problem for the world's population and is predominantly located in tropical and subtropical areas. The three countries with the most malaria cases are India (58%), followed by Indonesia (20%), then Myanmar (16%). This study aims to determine the effect of neem leaf extract on increasing TGF-β expression and decreasing TNF-α expression in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. In this study there were four groups, namely Treatment 1 (in Plasmodium berghei infection without therapy). Treatment 2 (in Plasmodium berghei infection and treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract at a dose of 0.25 mg / g BW). Treatment 3 = (in Plasmodium berghei infection and therapy with Azadirachta indica leaves at a dose of 0.5 mg / g BW). Treatment 4 = (in Plasmodium berghei infection and treated with Azadirachta indica leaves at a dose of 1 mg / g BW). TGF-β examination by elisa method and TNF-α by immunohistochemistry. Data analysis using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) The results of treatment 1 and 2 showed a decrease in plasma TGF-β expression (t = 1.13; tcount = 1.93; ≥ttabel = 1.96) and spleen (tcount = 1.53; tcount = 1.45; ≥ttabel = 1.96) but there was an increase in spleen TNF-α expression (tcount = 1.77; tcount = 1.00; ≥ttabel = 1.96). Groups 3 and 4 showed an increase in plasma TGF-β expression (tcount = 5.13; tcount = 2.42; ≥ttable = 1.96) and spleen (tcount = 2.00; tcount = 1.97; ≥ttabel = 1.96) but there was a decrease in spleen TNF-α expression (tcount = 2.03; tcount = 2.11; ≥ttabel = 1.96). Conclusion: Azadirachta indica leaf therapy can increase TGF-β expression and decrease TNF-α expression in the spleen.


The buoyancy driven flow within uniformly heated eccentric annulus has been numerically predicted. The annulus that formed between two eccentric circular cylinders is placed horizontally and its inner wall is heated at uniform heat flux while its outer wall is isothermally cooled. The results for induced laminar natural convection flow were carried out at modified Rayleigh number of 10 and at different values of outer to inner cylinder radius ratio, eccentricity and angle of inclination of annulus symmetry line (ASL) to the horizontal. The results for local and average temperature of the inner wall are obtained and discussed together with the details of both flow and thermal fields. The study has predicted the global flow circulation around the inner cylinder. The study has shown that the steady average temperature of inner wall decreases for negative eccentricities while it increases for same but positive eccentricities. The study has also shown that as the angle of inclination of ASL increases from 0 to 90 the steady average temperature of the inner wall decreases for negative eccentricities while it increases for same but positive eccentricities.


The report presents the results of simulations carried out at the ECDIS laboratory of the Maritime University in Szczecin. Their purpose was to verify the correctness of results obtained from authors' programme, in particular the calculated meeting parameters of vessels and the collision prevention manoeuvre made. Słowa kluczowe: zderzenie, system wspierania decyzji, ECDIS


The article presents the research results on the cultivation of a new perennial cereal crop of winter wheat hybrid and wheatgrass—perennial winter wheat (Trititrigia) of the "Pamyati Lyubimovoy" variety (hereinafter—Trititrigia) in the southern zone of the Rostov region over two years. The purpose of the research is to assess the degree of suitability for the use of a new perennial cereal crop—Trititrigia in the southern zone of the Rostov region. The yield, technological indicators of grain, and baking properties of flour were taken as evaluation criteria. The study of all aspects of Trititrigia cultivation was carried out in comparative sowings with winter wheat of the Stanichnaya variety, common in the Rostov region, of the Agricultural Research Center "Donskoy" (ARC Donskoy). As a result of the research, it was found that the average biological yield of Trititrigia in the southern zone of the Rostov region in two years was 4.28 t ha−1, which was 1.57 t ha−1 less than that of the control sowing of winter wheat of the Stanichnaya variety. The weight of the straw part with an ear of Trititrigia is 1.9 times higher than that of winter wheat of the "Stanichnaya" variety. Technological indicators of the quality of Trititrigia grain corresponded to the first class in terms of amount of protein (more than 19%), gluten (33.34%), and falling number (274 s); the third class according to the gluten deformation index (GDI) (81.5 points); the fifth class according to the natural mass of grain (691 g L−1). The general baking evaluation of Trititrigia grain allowed it to be classified as valuable wheat.


Bacteriophage λ repressor binds co‐operatively to adjacent pairs of DNA target sites. A novel combination of positive genetic selections, involving two different operon fusions derived from P22 challenge phages, was used to isolate mutant λ repressors that have lost the ability to bind co‐operatively to tandem sites yet retain the ability to bind a strong, single site. These cb (co‐operative binding) mutations result in 10 different amino acid changes, which define eight residues in the carboxyl‐terminus of repressor. Because challenge phage derivatives may be applied to study essentially any specific protein‐DNA interaction, analogous combinations of genetic selections may be used to explore the ways that a variety of proteins interact to assemble regulatory complexes.


In March,2008,the tomb of Fu Bi,a famous Northern Song dynasty prime minister,was discovered at a construction site in the northern suburb of Luoyang.Rare wall paintings with images of door guards and a Black Tortoise were found.To protect this important cultural relic,the Luoyang Museum of Ancient Arts removed and restored the tomb wall paintings.The paintings were removed by using adhesives and gauze,and then Primal SF- 016 was used to penetrate and therefore enhance the paintings.Primal SF-016 and fine sand were mixed to form an isolating layer.An alveolate- aluminum panel was chosen as the support material.The damaged and lost area was completed by using the"Projected line method".Now,the wall paintings appear in excellent condition after conservation. This work provides a good example for conservation and protection of wall paintings in China.


During the past few decades, eastern China has experienced a summer precipitation regime shift characterized by a "southern flood‐northern drought" pattern. Among numerous studies explaining this phenomenon, few have quantified dynamic‐thermodynamic contributions at daily‐synoptic scales. Using a self‐organizing map approach, summertime daily atmospheric flows during 1961–2015 are clustered into 20 circulation patterns (CPs), each of which is assigned to an attribute among wet, dry, and neutral according to their synchronous precipitation anomalies. We find that decreases in wet CPs for the north and increases (decreases) in wet (dry) CPs for the south are robustly significant and can well explain the contrasting precipitation trends. Dynamic and thermodynamic processes jointly produce more precipitation in the south but less precipitation in the northern half of the north region, with thermodynamic contributions being 30–40% larger. Dynamic influence and its interaction with thermodynamic factors dictate the latitudinal boundary between the drying and wetting regions.


Zoning for recreational purposes is understood as the division of territories into landscape complexes (natural and geographical zones, zones, districts) that make up their integral structure. For this purpose, the territory of the region is divided into recreational provinces, districts and microdistricts, and a cartographic scheme has been created. According to the cartographic scheme, plans for the development of sanatoriums, health resorts and tourist facilities will be developed.


【Objective】 In order to investigate the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and norepinephrine (NE) in myocardium during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and research the mechanism of cerebral cardiac syndrome. 【Methods】 The rats were divided into three groups: sham control group (n = 48), ischemia group (n = 80), and ischemia / reperfusion group (n = 80). The area of cerebral ischemia, the concentration of serum CK-MB, and the concentration of myocardial NE and ET-1 were determined at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cerebral ischemia and cerebral reperfusion,and compared at the same and different time. 【Results】 Cerebral ischemia focus might be observed after 6 hours of cerebral necrosis in cerebral ischemia group , and was the largest after 12 hours (P 0.05). The concentration of CK-MB increased gradually after cerebral ischemia, and peaked at 12 hour (P 0.05). The content of ET-1 in myocardium began to increase at 6 hours after cerebral ischemia, and peaked at 12 hours (P 0.05). The myocardial concentration of NE peaked at 6 h, and gradually decreased after 12 h (P 0.01). In ischemia / reperfusion group, all of cerebral necrosis size, CK-MB concentration and myocardial ET-1 concentration peaked at 12 hour and gradually decreased (P 0.05). The peak time of myocardial NE was not changed, but the high level of NE was delayed over 48 h. Compared with ischemia group, the size of cerebral necrosis reduced obviously at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in cerebral ischemia / reperfusion group (P 0.05). The concentration of CK-MB in ischemia / reperfusion group was higher than in ischemia group (P 0.05). The peak of myocardial ET-1 advanced to show up in in ischemia / reperfusion group. The peak time of myocardial NE was not changed, but the high level of NE was delayed over 48 h (P 0.05). The pathological change of myocardium included inflammatory cell infiltration, endocarditis, myofibrosis, and focal necrosis. 【Conclusion】 Cerebral ischemia might cause myocardial injury. NE and ET-1 involved in the course of myocardial injury following cerebral ischemia. Though cerebral reperfusion protected brain tissue, it made myocardial injury more serious. NE and ET-1 participated in this course.


Evaluation of the efficacy of a wireless high‐frequency stimulator placed over selected DRG of exiting nerve roots for the treatment of chronic low back pain.


The political-economic cycle can be caused as the consequence of the wrong political decisions, made with the aim of re-election and maintaining the political power. These decisions influence the macroeconomic indicators of the country and their presence is problematic in the advanced economies. The main objective of this study is to verify the existence of the political-economic cycle model in the case of Greece and to identify the type of this cycle. The basement is given by the approach of Alesina and Roubini (1992), which observes the relationship between the political dummy variables and the selected macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate and inflation rate. The eight linear regression models are developed in the R software environment, while the three of them are opportunistic and the five are ideological. These models are identified as statistically significant and according to the methodology, tested for the presence of serial correlation, heteroscedasticity and residual normality. As the models do not confirm the presence of an opportunistic or ideological political-economic cycle, according to the data, the influence of the political parties on changes in the macroeconomic variables before the election is not proved for the case of Greece.


The use of a PWM inverter with high switching characteristic for adjustable speed drive systems causes an overvoltage with steep‐fronted waveform on the motor terminals. Since this steep‐fronted transient voltage in an inverter drive heavily loads the terminal coils of the motor winding, insulation failure in the motor winding occurs mostly in the terminal coils. Therefore, it is reasonable to reduce the turns of only the terminal coils and to increase the dielectric strength of the interturn insulation.


In recent years, there has been a wealth of new science involving low-energy antimatter (i.e., positrons and antiprotons) at energies ranging from 10 to less than 10 eV. Much of this progress has been driven by the development of new plasma-based techniques to accumulate, manipulate and deliver antiparticles for specific applications. This article focuses on the advances made in this area using positrons. However many of the resulting techniques are relevant to antiprotons as well. An overview is presented of relevant theory of single-component plasmas in electromagnetic traps. Methods are described to produce intense sources of positrons and to efficiently slow the typically energetic particles thus produced. Techniques are described to trap positrons efficiently and to cool and compress the resulting positron gases and plasmas. Finally, the procedures developed to deliver tailored pulses and beams (e.g., in intense, short bursts, or as quasi-monoenergetic continuous beams) for specific applications are reviewed. The status of development in specific application areas is also reviewed. One example is the formation of antihydrogen atoms for fundamental physics [e.g., tests of invariance under charge conjugation, parity inversion and time reversal (the CPT theorem), and studies of the interaction of gravity with antimatter]. Other applications discussed include atomic and materials physics studies and study of the electron-positron many-body system, including both classical electron-positron plasmas and the complementary quantum system in the form of Bose-condensed gases of positronium atoms. Areas of future promise are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief summary and a list of outstanding challenges. ∗ Contact information: email@example.com † Contact information: email@example.com ‡ Contact information: firstname.lastname@example.com § Contact information: email@example.com


Forty-eight kindergarten children observed a model choosing instances of animal and food for 20 pairs in a two choice discrimination task. The model was reinforced either categorically or randomly for half of the choices with either RW (Right-Wrong) or RN (Right-Nothing) combinations of reinforcement. The children in the RW group imitated the model's responses, receiving positive reinforcement more frequently than "Wrong" responses. In the RN condition, there was no significant effect of the reinforcement condition nor any significant difference between imitation for the model's "Right" and "Nothing" responses. These findings are discussed in terms of the discriminative function of vicarious reinforcement and children's cognitive mode for it.


Purpose

This case study aim to investigate the impacts of insurance agents' positive attitude toward inappropriate product recommendations on the insurance agents' intention to make the inappropriate product recommendations. This study further checks how the attitude and intention could be enhanced by the insurer's manipulation of sales compensations, the agents' perception of information asymmetry between customers and insurance agents and the insurer's sales orientation.

Design/methodology/approach

Full-time insurance agents from the life insurance industry in Taiwan were surveyed. To test the hypotheses, hierarchical regression analyses were used in the study.

Findings

The main results showed that the respondents' positive attitude toward inappropriate product recommendations was the influential predictor of the respondents' behavioral intention. Nevertheless, the positive attitude was enhanced by the manipulation of sales compensations and the insurer's sales orientation.

Originality/value

Very few studies have investigated the relationships among information asymmetry between customers and agents, management's sales orientation, management's manipulation of sales compensations and the problems of selling unsuitable insurance products to customers. This study may contribute to the relevant literature by discussing these issues.


The transfer of entanglement from optical fields to qubits provides a viable approach to entangling remote qubits in a quantum network. In cavity quantum electrodynamics, the scheme relies on the interaction between a photonic resource and two stationary intracavity atomic qubits. However, it might be hard in practice to trap two atoms simultaneously and synchronize their coupling to the cavities. To address this point, we propose and study entanglement transfer from cavities driven by an entangled external field to controlled flying qubits. We consider two exemplary non-Gaussian driving fields: NOON and entangled coherent states. We show that in the limit of long coherence time of the cavity fields, when the dynamics is approximately unitary, entanglement is transferred from the driving field to two atomic qubits that cross the cavities. On the other hand, a dissipation-dominated dynamics leads to very weakly quantum-correlated atomic systems, as witnessed by vanishing quantum discord.


In this study, the seismic performance of the Buckling Restrained Knee Bracing (BRKB) system was evaluated through a pin-connected one-bay, one-story frame. The BRKB system developed in this study was composed of a steel plate as a load-resisting core member and two channel sections to restrain local and global buckling of the core plate. The main purpose of the BRKB system is to restrengthen/rehabilitate old low- and mid-rise RC buildings, which, it is assumed, were designed with non-seismic designs and details. The main variables for the test specimens were the size of the core plates and the stiffeners, and the condition of the end plates. The test results showed that the size of the core plate, which was the main element of the load-resisting member, was the most important parameter in achieving a ductile behavior under tension as well as compression until the maximum displacement exceeds twice the design drift limit.


Fresh mass of fodder galega is protein rich and contains bio-active substances (vitamins, especially C, carotene, and minerals), and therefore is high valuable fodder. Moreover, fodder galega produce heavy yield (60–70 t ha fresh mass, 15 t ha hay, and 12 t ha dry materials) without mineral fertilizer supplement, thus biomass is ecologically safe feed. The main object of this study was to evaluate galega chemical composition, selective consumption as well as the effects of increasing cattle daily liveweight gain of stable feeding and grazing. Feeding and grazing experiments were carried out at organical farm conditions during years 2008–2009. Agrochemical analyses of timothy, red clover and galega biomass were done at Agrochemical Laboratory of Lithuanian Agriculture University. Biomass of fodder galega has better chemical content and metabolisable energy (9.6 MJ kg) than traditional feed grasses, namely timothy (8.1 MJ kg) and red clover (9.3 MJ kg). Moreover, galega fresh mass and hay of fodder galega were suitable for feeding due to good edibility (4–5 points). Galega enriched animal ration with protein' (223.2 g kg), vitamins' as well as with Ca (12.41g kg), Mg (3.62 g kg), Fe (80 mg kg) and Cu (8.0 mg kg). Therefore galega improved feed value and selective consumption of animal feeds. The daily liveweight gains of free grazing and stall-feeding heifers came up to 634 and 863 g, respectively, and average increase by 70 and 61 g in comparison with heifers' intake of cultural pasture grass was observed.


Do you have a well-thought-out plan for your career, or do you just keep your head down and see what interesting things come along? If you haven't taken the time to figure out what you want, how do you know when you are successful in getting it? By investing some time to create an end goal, and a flexible plan to get you to that goal, you will be more likely to have the career of your dreams. Short term. The easiest things to set are usually your short-term goals—those having to do with improving yourself in your current job, covering the next 18 months or so. Ideally, they will also set you up for the next stage of your career. These goals should be specific and readily achievable: attend a specific course, learn a new technique, give a presentation at a conference. You may want to discuss these goals


Effects of different planting row space on corn yield and machinery harvesting results were studied with Hybrid Ludan9002 as field test cultivar. Take 50, 60 and 70 cm row space as three different treatments on the premise that other production conditions were keeping the same.


The electronic and magnetic properties of galvinoxyl is determined by using the spin density functional theory and the self consistent norm conserving pseudopotentials. The calculations reveal that galvinoxyl has a ferromagnetic phase at 0K temperature. The spin magnetic moment per cell is given quantitatively.


Most expert computer systems are based on production rules, and to some readers the terms expert computer system and production system may seem almost synonymous. However, there are problem domains for which the best way to represent the knowledge appears not to be production rules at all. The paper discusses one alternative to production rules which has proven useful in several medical diagnostic problems and at least one nonmedical nondiagnostic problem. This method, which is based on a generalization of the set covering problem, provides an intuitively plausible method for diagnostic reasoning which is sometimes preferable to production rule techniques. 14 references.


Three‐dimensional (3‐D) inversion of gravity data has been widely used to reconstruct the density distributions of ore bodies, basins, crust, lithosphere, and upper mantle. For global model of 3‐D density structures of planetary interior, such as the Earth, the Moon, or Mars, it is necessary to use an inversion algorithm that operates in the spherical coordinates. We develop a 3‐D inversion algorithm formulated with specially designed model objective function and radial weighting function in the spherical coordinates. We present regional and global synthetic examples to illustrate the capability of the algorithm. The inverted results show density distribution features consistent with the true models. We also apply the algorithm to a set of lunar Bouguer gravity anomaly derived from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) gravity field and obtain a lunar 3‐D density distribution. High‐density anomalies are clearly identified underlying lunar basins, a wide region of the lateral density heterogeneities that exist beneath the South Pole‐Aitken basin are found, and low‐density anomalies are distributed beneath the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane on the lunar far‐side. The consistency of these results with those obtained independently from other existing methods verifies the newly developed algorithm.


Introduction Of all food safety challenges facing the beef industry, Escherichia coli O157:H7 has consistently presented the greatest economic remonstrance to meat packers and retailers. Cattle naturally shed E. coli O157:H7 in their feces, and it is a source of carcass contamination at harvest. If contaminated trim enters the food supply and is subsequently prepared incorrectly, it can lead to the human condition known as hemorrhagic colitis. In children or elderly people, an E. coli O157:H7 infection may lead to a more serious form known as hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is potentially lethal. Although the majority of previous research has been dedicated to reduction in contamination post-harvest, recent focus has shifted to pre-harvest mitigation of E. coli O157:H7. Post-harvest procedures are effective, so there is less room for improvement than in pre-harvest mitigation. Also, reducing the E. coli O157 burden entering the plant may improve the efficacy of post-harvest tools and ultimately reduce human illness.


Landscape design preliminary course of landscape architecture professional courses in our school continues the early education mode of'Bouza system'through drawing based instruction mainly.'Bouza system'was criticized for ignoring space and structure which is emphasized by modern architecture.But the'modern system'is based on model.In the process of teaching,students have a chance to choose their favorite designer's works for doing spatial analysis and model making.Combined with the courses of composition,spatial definition and constitution theory,and through three-dimensional constitute exercises,the students' sense of space and space imagination ability could be further strengthened.At the same time through intensive training of the plane composition and color composition,students can handle the overall space and greatly improved their design capabilities.


Recently, Tijet et al. evaluated the Carba NP test ([1][1]), which we developed in order to identify carbapenemase producers. Our first study included 316 carbapenemase- and non-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates ([2][2], [3][3]). Tijet et al. confirmed


Monitoring and controlling the speed of the distributed dropping set is always an intractable problem. To solve the problem, a centralized monitoring and controlling system (CMCS), composed by a main node, several appurtenant nodes and an extra simulated appurtenant node, was proposed. Owing to the MAX485 and AVR SCM, the main node can monitor every appurtenant node in time and make an alarm when the liquid is not enough. Using the keyboard, node information can be set into the extra simulated appur-tenant node. Experiment shows that, this system is suitable for the large scale dropping monitoring.


Due to its characteristic, apart from nutritive and medical signifcance, raspberry is particularly important for our country in social and economic terms, since its export attracts foreign currency inflow. Since the quality of raspberry decreases rapidly after picking, it is utterly important that the whole process, from picking to cold storage of fruit, should be rationally organized, thus fnally reducing the costs and increasing the production value. For these reasons precisely the research deals with organization of the entire process, from repurchase to cold storage of raspberry fruits, as well as the analysis of pertaining costs. Necessary information for the preparation of the paper has been obtained from cold storage plants engaged in raspberry storage and preservation. Necessary information has been gathered using several methods, viz: observation, interview and content analysis methods. Furthermore, analysis, comparison and calculation methods have also been used in the preparation of the paper. The raspberry fruit repurchase, transport and storage costs range from 1,6 to 1,8 EUR per kg, exclusive of storage (store-housing). To this one should add store-housing costs ranging from 0,009 to 0,013 EUR per kg on a monthly basis. Modern organization of production and communication between producers, repurchasers, processors and exporters is essential in order to decrease fluctuations in repurchase and sales price of fresh raspberry and its products and the improvement of overall fnancial effect of all links within the chain of this economy activity. Cold storage plants, even if of minor capacities, are benefcial not only for the immediate participants in the producer-buyer chain, but it also makes an important stimulating factor for rural development and economy of the country.


The first two locomotives exported to China from Britain were built by Dubs & Co at Queen's Park in 1886 and named 'Speedy Peace' and 'Flying Victory'. Dubs & Co were founded in 1863 and built locomotives for railways in many parts of the world. Their engines gained a reputation for reliability and longevity. Engines originally supplied in the 1880s were seen in service in Africa 100 years later.


The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of the interest rate parity in China's different economy reform stage positively, based on Multi-stage linear regression and Chow's Test and the new analysis framework of new institutional finance.We find that the effect is not such obvious as that in the developed countries due to some institutional factors.But,it shows a trend to grow more explicit with the establishing of the property-rights institution,and with the deepening of the reform of the liberalization of interest rate as well as the realizing of the free exchange rule of currency in China.


Background: The gall bladder is one of the abdominal organs that are frequently affected in sickle cell disease. This results from chronic hemolysis with its accelerated bilirubin turnover, which leads to a high incidence of gall bladder diseases. Ultrasonography is a cost-effective and noninvasive modality that permits a quick evaluation of the gall bladder in patients with sickle cell anemia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in gall bladder in children with sickle cell anemia using ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of radiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (AKTH). One hundred children with sickle cell anemia and age and sex-cross-matched 100 healthy controls aged 15 years and below were recruited for this study, (in accordance with what is obtainable at AKTH, Kano). The examination was performed using an ultrasound machine equipped with a 3.5 MHz curvilinear ultrasound transducer. The gall bladder changes that were assessed include cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, biliary sludge, and volume. Results: From the 100 children scanned, there were 68 (68%) males and 32 (32%) females in each of the study groups, with an age range of 2–15 years. The mean age of the cases and controls was 9.63 ± 3.79 years and 8.49 ± 3.39 years, respectively (P = 0.024). Among the patients; 19 (19%) had cholecystitis, 9 (9%) had gallstones and 8 (8%) had biliary sludge, with no detectable abnormality in the controls. Conclusion: The ultrasonographic prevalence of gallbladder abnormality is higher in patients with sickle cell anemia when compared to normal healthy controls showing increased prevalence with age.