Often, our fielded training systems emphasize media for imparting facts, rules, and procedures, followed by simulations or live events where trainees are expected to apply that knowledge. Seemingly missing from this sequence, however, is any support for acquiring the cognitive capabilities that underlie task performance. The result can be trainees who know the facts, but not where and how to use them. Presumably, if we provided specific training on the abilities needed to comprehend, assess, and decide on a course of action, we could facilitate the transition from knowing to doing. We tested this exact hypothesis in a training effectiveness study. We first provided students with interactive multimedia instruction (IMI) on the Marine Air Ground Task Force XXI (MAGTF XXI) simulation controls and displays and the tactics for performing an in-stride breach of a minefield. After a test trial with the MAGTF XXI simulation to establish a performance baseline, half of the participants were randomly assigned to Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) training. The ITS lesson was designed to help the trainees picture the situation the same way experts did and to select actions that implemented the experts' preferred solution strategies. The control group conducted a self-directed review of the IMI, allowing them to study material related to any problems they had experienced in the simulation. After each of two IMI or ITS study sessions, the participants performed the in-stride breach. Across trials, the ITS-trained group showed significantly accelerated mastery of the skill in the simulation environment. Clearly, using an ITS to provide explicit training on an expert's problem representation and solution strategies can accelerate learning and optimize investments in more costly and complex simulations and live training events.


A GM(1,1) model for predicting the trend of stock price based on grey theory is presented,and a suppliment is made for other technical analysis methods of stock.


This article presents a new application of cluster analytic methodology to the study of gender role attitudes. We developed a preliminary typology of men's profiles of masculinity ideology in a sample of 217 upper-level undergraduates stratified across all academic divisions at a large, public university in the midwest. Based on cluster analyses of four dimensions of masculinity ideology, five patterns of endorsement were identified: Moderately Traditional, High Status/Low Violence, Nontraditional, High Violence/Moderately Traditional, and Traditional. Preliminary validity of this cluster solution was demonstrated by significant differences by cluster in gender role egalitarianism.


The paper presents the results of: 1) various technologies testing for the development of low-permeability reservoirs using horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of formation (HW with MHFF); 2) the increase of the repeated fracturing operations efficiency in vertical wells by taking into account geomechanical effects.
 The marker and geophysical methods for determining the flow profile of the HW with MHFF are compared with the calculations results of the hydrodynamic model. The results were applied to determine the optimal types of well completion, planned to further improvement of approaches to the development of low-permeability oil deposits. Also the technological capabilities of the flow profile research methods of and the directions of their further development were determined.


The first case is an 87year‒old woman, without immunosuppressive factors and without risk environment, who started 18 months before with pruritic lesions on the scalp, alopecia, erythema, thick adherent scales, pustules and follicular black dots (Figure 1A) (Figure 1B). Fungal culture was positive for Trichophyton tonsurans. Serologies (VHB, VHC, and VIH) were negative and a complete blood count test and biochemistry analysis was normal. Histopathology showed a follicular involvement by a dermatophyte with an endothrix pattern (Figure 2A). Terbinafine 250mg/day was prescribed for 16weeks. A persistence of residual slight erythema was observed. Control cultures and KOH were negatives.


Ab initio quantum mechanical methods have been used to examine clusters formed of molecules of methane and water. The clusters contained one molecule of one component (methane or water) and several (10, 8, 6, 4, and 1) molecules of the other component. The Moller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2 method) was used in the calculations. The cluster geometries were obtained via optimization and the interaction energies between the nearest neighbors were calculated for the geometries obtained in the first step. It is shown that the interaction energies and intermolecular distances between the molecules of methane and water are quite different in the clusters CH4···(H2O)10 and H2O···(CH4)10. They are also different from those in the water/methane dimer. The structure of the cluster CH4···(H2O)10 is highly affected by the hydrogen bonding among the water molecules, and the methane molecule is located inside a cage formed of water molecules. In contrast, the molecules of methane and water are randomly distributed ...


A wide penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), though their economic and environmental benefits have been proven, would offer some challenges as well. The limited size of batteries and their long charging duration can dramatically increase travel times on long highways where recharging is unavoidable. This paper investigates the impact of key parameters on the duration of traveling for EVs on highways. The capacity requirements of fast charging stations are the main deliverables from this research. The number of charging stations, number of charging sockets per station, charging power and the number of charging sockets per EV needed are among the parameters studied in this paper. Statistical information on waiting times for EVs at charging stations constitutes the output of the study. Fundamental characteristics of EVs and EV drivers such as the size of batteries, state of charge (SOC) of batteries, and traveling speed of EVs are captured through scenarios generated using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The study is applied to a real highway in Finland, with actual traffic data provided by the Finnish Transport Agency.


I have studied geometry of strongly pseudo-convex manifold (in abbreviation s.p.c. manifold), and obtained, as main results, the Serre duality theorem for holomorphic vector bundles over a complete s.p.c. manifold [1],[2], a continuity method for sub-elliptic MongeAmpère equation [3], and a removable singularity theorem for J-holomorphic mappings between s.p.c.manifolds [4]. As examples of s.p.c.manifold, real hypersurfaces in a complex manifold and a unit sphere bundle over a manifold with constant curvature are well studied. Since on a s.p.c. manifold there exist a nondegenerate 2-form induced by a contact form and integrable complex structure J , it is well known that many analogies to symplectic or complex geometry hold. Hodge decomposition of their cohomology groups and ∂∂-lemma for Sasakian manifolds are famous. In particular, I have studied the geometry of s.p.c. manifolds from the view point of similarity to the even-dimensional geometry.


The structure of Troger's Base, 1, a heterocyclic amine containing two stereogenic N atoms, is predicted from ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT), using the B3PW91 and B3LYP functionals and the 6-31G* basis set. Vibrational unpolarized absorption and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra are predicted thence. In the case of VCD, Atomic Axial Tensors (AATs) are calculated using Gauge-Invariant Atomic Orbitals (GIAOs). The predicted structure is in excellent agreement with the X-ray structure of 1. The predicted vibrational spectra are in excellent agreement with experimental spectra of CCl4 and CS2 solutions of 1, supporting the identicalness of the crystalline and solution conformations of 1. No evidence of additional conformations of 1 in solution is found. The VCD spectra require the assignment of the (R,R)/(S,S) absolute configuration to (−)/(+)-1, opposite to that obtained from the electronic circular dichroism spectrum by Mason et al. and in accord with that obtained from X-ray crystallo...


Introduction: Assessment of the current understanding and clinical management of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) among ICU physicians. Hypothesis/methods: A 10-question survey was sent to 4538 ICU physicians from the SCCM data base with a 35.6% return rate. Survey assessed primary training, ICU type, and methods for management of ACS. Results: Surgical intensivists managed the highest number of ACS cases (51% saw 4–10 cases and 19% saw >10 cases). No cases were seen by 34% of medical and 32% of pediatric intensivists. Respondents agreed that both bladder pressures and clinical parameters were needed for the diagnosis of ACS (70%) vs. bladder pressure (7%) or clinical parameters (20%) alone. Two percent of surgical intensivists were unaware of a procedure for bladder pressure measurement as compared to 24% (P < 0.0001) of pediatric and 23% (P < 0.0001) of medical intensivists. Forty-two percent of respondents believed that bladder pressures of 26–35 cmH2O (20–27 mmHg) may cause physiologic compromise. However, 24–27% of pediatric, medicine or anesthesiology trained intensivists felt compromise would occur at pressures between 16–25 cmH2O (12–19 mmHg) as compared to 18% of surgeons. No respondent felt that physiologic compromise occurred at pressures below 10 cmH2O (8 mmHg). Thirty-eight percent of pediatric intensivists felt that physiologic compromise was patient dependent vs. a range of 7–17% from other specialties (P < 0.0001; all comparisons). In managing intraabdominal hypertension 33% of pediatric intensivists and 20% of medical intensivists stated they would never use decompression laparotomy to treat ACS compared to 3.6% of intensivists with surgical training (P < 0.0001; both comparisons). Conclusions: Significant variation across medical training exists in the management of ACS. A large percentage of intensivists are unaware of current standards in ACS management including the monitoring of bladder pressures and decompression laparotomy. Future research and education will be necessary to establish clear diagnostic criteria and standards for treatment of this life threatening disease process. References 1. Saggi BH, Sugerman HJ, Ivatury RR, Bloomfield GL. Abdominal compartment syndrome. J. Trauma 1998; 45: 597–609. 2. Ivatury RR, Diebel L, Porter JM, Simon RJ. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome. Surg. Clin. North Am. 1997; 77: 783–800. 3. McNelis J, Marini CP, Simms HH. Abdominal compartment syndrome: clinical manifestations and predictive factors. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 2003; 9: 133–6. 2 INFUSION VOLUMES BETWEEN 20 AND 100 ML DO NOT AFFECT IAP MEASUREMENT ACCURACY IN A CONTROLLED IAP/IAH MODEL


Abstract Despite emerging research on Latinos and cancer (Carrion et al., 2018), there are no data regarding beliefs about cancer prevention and diagnosis in older Latinos residing in Central Florida. Similarly, to the US in general, Central Florida's older Latino population is growing. Compared with other national samples, Latino immigrants in the southern U.S. report poorer health than in other regions (Siegel et al., 2015). Using convenience sampling (N = 168), univariate analysis was done to recognize the study population's characteristics. Frequencies were assessed to understand participants' responses to questions on cancer-related attitudes. The effects of age, country of origin, length of stay in the U.S., and marital status were assessed using logistic regression. Of the 168 individuals in the study, 34.5% were male with a mean age of 67.9, and a majority had at least a high school education and 25.8 years residing in the U.S. The participants were aware that tobacco use can cause cancer (93.5%) and that smoking affects the smoker as well as their family members (84.5%). They were also aware that mammograms facilitate early diagnosis of breast cancer (81.5%) and of the association between prolonged sun exposure and skin cancer (86.9%). However, specific knowledge about early diagnosis was low. Only 29.2% of participants knew that breast cancer can be diagnosed early, which was similar to the response toward early diagnosis of prostate cancer (24.4%). Among the participants, 26.2% were categorized as having poor knowledge of cancer prevention.


This is the first time that SIGMOD is held in Asia and the second time that it is held outside North America. The amazing growth rates of China in both its technology and economy fronts do not alter the image of its capital city, Beijing, being an ancient city whose recorded history stretches back more than 3,000 years. With a landscape dotted with ancient palaces and temples in the midst of modern infrastructure and architecture, Beijing is indeed a good venue for a forum of serious academic and professional exchanges, and an ideal place for meaningful entertainment and cultural immersion on the side.

As in previous two years, SIGMOD 2007 accepted all papers that the Program Committee considered appropriate to accept, with no predefined "quota" based on the duration of the conference or other non-technical factors. The 88 members of the Program Committee were very thorough and dedicated, and accepted only 70 papers out of the 480 submissions giving an acceptance ratio of 14.6% (which is slightly higher than SIGMOD 2006). We adopted the author feedback process started in SIGMOD 2005 and the two-phase review process initiated in SIGMOD 2006. Two reviews were requested for every paper in the first phase and only papers that were deemed interesting by at least one of the two reviewers were considered for an additional review and for follow-up discussions. However, for a small number of papers, the third review was initiated due to the uncertainty shown in the first two reviews. In total, around 60% of the submissions were reviewed in the second phase and the author feedback process was then initiated for papers in which the Program Committee had a divided opinion or explicitly sought for feedback. All submissions were then actively discussed during the 18 days of online discussion. The double-blind reviewing process was further strengthened in SIGMOD 2007 by the non posting requirement of the submitted papers on the web during the reviewing period. For the benefit of the authors, the review process and the author feedback dates were clearly stated in the submission guidelines.

In SIGMOD 2007, we have invited three distinguished members from our own community as keynote speakers. As in SIGMOD 2006, we have a plenary session on SIGMOD Awards Technical talks, apart from the research papers, industrial talks, demos and tutorials. For the industrial talks, there is a session dedicated to database system development in the Far East industry. The quality and variety of the research papers, industrial talks, demos, tutorials, invited and keynote presentations have allowed us to assemble a diverse and vibrant technical program. However, with the increase in the number of research and industrial papers, as well as the plenary session, we now have five parallel tracks compared to the usual four.


Background: Laparoscopic surgery is preferred for its advantages in shorter hospital stay, less amount of blood loss and aesthetic incisions. The problems are however evident when the complications of hemodynamic disturbances are enhanced due to pneumoperitoneum. Several newer formulations have ben tried to overcome this problem so that issues of hemodynamic stability can be addressed. Aim: The present study aims to comparatively evaluate the hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in subjects undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries. Methodology: The study involved a subject pool of 60 patients who were divided equally in two groups and administered the study drugs. Parameters of hemodynamic stability were recorded and analysed to ascertain comparative efficacy. Observations: The mean HR, SBP, DBP, MAP and sedation score were better in dexmedetomidine group as compared to fentanyl group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is an effective adjuvant to anaesthetic medications in laparoscopic surgeries with a disadvantage of longer surgery duration as compared to fentanyl.
Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Comparative evaluation, fentanyl, Laparoscopic surgeries


We discuss the general decomposition and possible general parameterizations of the processes e+e−→γ*→P1P2γ, where P1P2 = π0π0, π0η, or π+π−, for s1/2 ≈ MΦ. Particular attention is devoted to the amplitude where the two pseudoscalar mesons are in a JCP = 0++ state, where we propose a general parameterization which should help to shed light on the nature of light scalar mesons.


Worlds die. Although not like us. We have our little exit stage left scrawled once, somewhere in our life. A world dies more like a tree; creaking, snapping, falling, thudding, lying and then decaying, importantly decaying.


In order to investigate the switching dynamics of ferroelectric materials at nanosecond time scales, we have measured the nonlinear response of ferroelectric-loaded transmission lines at microwave frequencies. We analyzed the third harmonic and intermodulation products produced by planar transmission lines incorporating ferroelectric thin films, and obtained the rf nonlinear capacitance C(Vrf). We also directly measured the change in capacitance of the same structures due to a dc applied voltage, C(Vdc). By comparing these two experimentally-determined nonlinear capacitances, we are able to directly determine if the mechanisms responsible for the capacitance tuning in these materials are able to responsd on nanosecond time scales.


Middle to Late Jurassic samples have been collected from granitic rocks in three geological subdivisions of South Korea, from north to south: Kyonggi Massif, Okchon Folded Belt and Ryongnam Massif. Triassic samples (granites and sediments) were collected in the Ryongnam Massif and its border area with the Okchon Folded Belt. The Jurassic declinations of the two massifs are northeasterly (mean D/I = 39.6°/+57.6°, N = 7 sites, k = 31, α95 = 11.1°), whereas the intervening Okchon Folded Belt reveals northwesterly Jurassic declinations (D/I = 337.5°/+47°, N = 7 sites, k = 32, α95 = 10.8°). Reversed-polarity directions are rare, but have been observed in three localities. The widespread occurrence of similar directions in a given province argues against major tectonic tilting of the granites; two sites in Jurassic sediments provide additional structural control. We interpret the direction difference between the Okchon belt and the adjacent massifs as due to left-lateral shear in an actively deforming continental margin during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Daebo Orogeny. The Triassic directions from the Ryongnam Massif and its border area are east–northeasterly (D/I = 62.9°/+35.7°, N = 5, k = 27, α95 = 15°) with the sediments showing normal and reversed polarities. Comparisons with Jurassic and Triassic paleomagnetic results from adjacent blocks in Asia (Eurasia, North Korea, North and South China) are hampered by a paucity of reliable paleopoles. What seems clear, however, is that North and South China and the major part of Korea yield Jurassic and younger paleopoles that are to first approximation similar; the exception is formed by the results from the Okchon Folded Belt. The aggregate of the China and Korea Blocks yields mean paleopoles for this interval that are different from those published for Eurasia, but this may be due to imperfections in the Eurasian reference poles. For the Triassic, the directions and paleopoles of the China Blocks and the Ryongnam Massif of South Korea are dissimilar, resulting in interpretations of the area in terms of relative motions (mainly rotations).


Analyzing subway operation logs can help the management of the subway. In order to make the analysis results accurate, it is important to ensure the integrity of the collected subway logs. This paper proposes a subway log collection system based on Flume in which the integrity of the collected logs is checked. This paper describes the integrity check module in which HBase is used to store the large volume of logs. Through the preliminary processing of collected data and the design of HBase tables, it implemented the integrity check of collected data. After the integrity check, missing data is found and retransmitted for the following analysis.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder comprising both motor and cognitive disability. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear; however, neuroinflammation seemed to play a role. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported an association between HLA-DRA rs3129882 and the development of PD in Caucasian populations. In this study, we observe no association between this single nucleotide polymorphism and PD in a Taiwanese population. The possible reasons include different ethnicity with genomic differences and environmental factors in different geographical regions. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


We examine the hypothesis that the red near-infrared colors of some L dwarfs could be explained by a "dust haze" of small particles in their upper atmospheres. This dust haze would exist in conjunction with the clouds found in dwarfs with more typical colors. We developed a model that uses Mie theory and the Hansen particle size distributions to reproduce the extinction due to the proposed dust haze. We apply our method to 23 young L dwarfs and 23 red field L dwarfs. We constrain the properties of the dust haze including particle size distribution and column density using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We find that sub-micron-range silicate grains reproduce the observed reddening. Current brown dwarf atmosphere models include large-grain (1–100 μm) dust clouds but not sub-micron dust grains. Our results provide a strong proof of concept and motivate a combination of large and small dust grains in brown dwarf atmosphere models.


The paper will describe the multi-step Wavefront Sensing and Controls process that will be used to align and commission the James Webb Space Telescope in flight. We will also show results from a recent experiment on a 1/6th scale functional model of JWST, demonstrating the end-to-end commissioning of the telescope. Article not available.


In the short time since the introduction of imatinib in 2001, investigators have already defined the primary mechanisms of drug resistance: mutations in the BCR-ABL gene that affect drug binding or an overall increase in the level of BCR-ABL protein due to gene amplification. In this issue, Branford


We show that a UV divergence of the propagator integral implies the divergences of the UV/IR mixing in the two-point function at one-loop for a $\phi^4$-theory on a generic Lie algebra-type noncommutative space-time. The UV/IR mixing is defined as a UV divergence of the planar contribution and an IR singularity of the non-planar contribution, the latter being due to the former UV divergence, and the UV finiteness of the non-planar contribution. Some properties of this general treatment are discussed. The UV finiteness of the non-planar contribution and the renormalizability of the theory are not treated but commented. Applications are performed for the Moyal space, having a UV/IR mixing, and the $\kappa$-Minkowski space for which the two-point function at one-loop is finite.


Through the illustration of the law of GTM design method and the selection of the mixing rate design of asphalt and concrete,it discusses how to control construction quality and puts forward attentions in construction,and points out that only through careful research on the quality control technique of the key joints in road surface construction,the road surface construction quality can be improved.


The deposit of nonradiative heat and momentum in the mantle of a hot star affects the interpretation of the stellar spectrum in two ways. First, a superheated and moving plasma should be considered when doing the analysis, and second, a model atom which is appropriate for the physical state of the line forming regions. Some examples are presented for H and He showing how the changes in the electron temperature affect the solution of the equations of statistical equilibrium. The observed spectra of the Wolf-Raynet stars HD 191765, HD 192103, and HD 192163 are compatible with a normal H/He abundance ratio.


Electronic image sensors used for nearly all imaging purposes today rely on measuring electrons produced by the photoelectric effect. An inherent limitation of counting electrons produced by the photoelectric effect is that chrominance information is lost. Each measured photoelectron indicates only that a photon was absorbed – current electronic photodetectors have no intrinsic process by which to discriminate absorbed photons of the 400nm wavelength variety (blue light) or the 700nm variety (red light), or any other wavelength in its response spectra, and therefore regards them as the same thus the basic electronic image sensor is inherently monochromatic. A number of schemes are currently used with electronic image sensors to derive color, each with advantages and tradeoffs. New schemes and modifications of existing ones seek to lower cost; improve resolution and color accuracy; and decrease light-loss relative to the base monochromatic sensor.


PURPOSE: To absorb stress in a connection terminal of a substrate by making a part of a connection terminal joined to a bump electrode rise from an upper surface of an adhesion layer. CONSTITUTION: A bump electrode 24 formed of gold provided to a lower surface peripheral part of a semiconductor chip 23 is joined to a first connection terminal 15 by gold tin eutectic junction. Furthermore, an opening part 25 is formed in an adhesion layer 12 below the junction part. A part of the first connection terminal 15 which is joined to the bump electrode 24 is raised from an upper surface of the adhesion layer 12 and bent properly. The first connection terminal 15 in the raised part can be displaced to a film substrate 11. Therefore, stress can be absorbed in the first connection terminal 15 and conduction defect is hardly caused.


O v e r the past several decades, the demand for childcare providers has increased, largely because of the increase in the labor-force participation of women with young children (Rix, 1991). Studies suggest that the demand for care has not been met (see Browne Miller, 1990; Hayes, Palmer, & Zaslow, 1990), Traditionally, women often relied on female relatives (children's aunts, grandmothers, older siblings) as a source of childcare (Hayes et al., 1990), but recent research indicates that, in general, the use of female relatives as care providers has declined, partly because of an overall increase in women's labor-force participation and the likelihood that women will remain in the labor force for longer periods of time (Hayes et al., 1990; Presser, 1989). In other terms, the pool of available care providers is shrinking as a result of increased activity by women in the paid labor force, However, African-American women are still more likely to use relatives for child care than are white women, suggesting that high labor-force participation rates do not fully account for who is used as a childcare provider. Researchers note that the reports of fathers acting as primary care providers have remained stable over the last 20 years (Coverman & Sheley, 1986; Hayes et al., 1990; Presser, 1989) even though women's labor-force participation has increased, However, Presser (1986, 1988, 1989) argues that dual-earner couples often employ the strategy of shift work (scheduling paid labor time in such a way as to avoid overlap in work schedules so that each spouse can be available for childcare) as a way of accommodating their childcare needs. Some researchers also report that African-American fathers are more likely than white fathers to take part in childcare tasks and that African-American families are more egalitarian in the distribution of family


T he first part of this two-part article, published in the January 2012 issue, described the principles of phaco chopping and explored the technologies involved. In this second part we describe the techniques used in phaco chopping and explore how to choose the best technique for a particular patient. As noted in part 1, there are two basic approaches to chopping: horizontal and vertical (Table 1). Each has the same goal—the fracture of the nucleus with minimal expenditure of phaco energy—but each achieves this end with different maneuvers.


This paper examines the legal and scientific aspects of expert psychological testimony in the United States and discusses the possible implications for such testimony of a recent decision by the United States Supreme Court. We consider expert testimony on eyewitness identification issues as an illustration of the reaction of the courts to, particularly, novel scientific evidence offered in adversarial settings. First, an historical perspective on the use of expert testimony is traced with particular attention to the criteria that state and federal courts have used in determining whether to admit expert testimony. We then examine the new Supreme Court decision and discuss its implications for the use of expert eyewitness testimony. We conclude by illustrating how eyewitness research and research on jury decisionmaking is likely to assume new importance in light of new expert evidence criteria.


The aim of this paper is to explain the Dharmakîrti's view on the relation between thought, language and reality – which is related to the Buddhist theory of meaning (Apohavâda). Diïnâga, the preDharmakîrti Buddhist scholar, maintains nominalism which asserts that universal is not real, it has no reality, only the unique particular (svalakùaõa) is ultimately real (paramârthasat). According to him, word as a linguistic sign cannot refer to the reality; it refers only to the method of exclusion or the negation of others (anyâpoha). Dharmakîrti admits the above doctrine of apoha and he pays the great attention to the Buddhist epistemology, logic and ontology to develop this theory very systematically. Here, I have tried to present a new exposition of Dharmakîrti's view on the following questions: Is there any relation between thought and language? If yes, then how can thought (kalpanâ) be related to the language? And, does language refer to the reality?


In this research, the synthesis of manganese dioxide(MD) by 12 different methods were stuied, and the nascent manganese dioxide(NMD) as the new material was characterized in the detail. The experimental results showed that the NMD has high adsorption of phenol and it was δ-MnO2 with quasi-spherical shape ,surface area 325 m2/g.


Let G be a group of homeomorphisms of a locally compact Hausdorff space X onto itself. If for each disjoint pair of compact sets there is a non-empty open set, no image of which meets both of the compact sets simultaneously, then there is a non-trivial regular Borel measure on X which is invariant under the action of G (a Haar measure). In particular if the group is equicontinuous, there exists such a (Haar) measure; in this case, Haar measure is unique if and only if the group is weakly transitive.


Purpose – In this time of disequilibrium, old approaches are not capable of meeting our growing challenges. In addition to worrying about customers, employees, products, and services, managers and business owners have to consider matters such as globalization, the environment, instant communications, and technologies once only imagined in science fiction. Not surprisingly, there is a growing perception that we need new ways of thinking about business, economics, and society. The aim of this paper is to address this urgent matter.Design/methodology/approach – This paper addresses this urgent matter through the lens of an underlying theme of this issue: "care is worthy of investment, policy, and practice because it delivers both measurable results and a more humane world".Findings – Offering a perspective that goes beyond the capitalism vs socialism debate, it shows that the failure to recognize the economic value of the work of caring and caregiving has been a major obstacle to more equitable and sustainab...


Jingjing Zhang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Aimin Wu Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Hengling Wei Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Pengbo Hao Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Qi Zhang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Miaomiao Tian Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Xu Yang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Shuaishuai Cheng Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Xiaokang Fu Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Liang Ma Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Hantao Wang (  email@example.com ) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute Shuxun Yu (  email@example.com ) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-00029715-3462


The past five years have seen the successful commercialization of diamond films and the introduction of products as protective coatings and thermal management devices. Widespread use of these films is limited by manufacturing cost and improved quality is required to exploit diamond's potential in optoelectronics. To this end an improved understanding of the kinetics of nucleation and growth is required. A combined approach of experimentation and detailed kinetic modeling has been used to identify and quantify the critical reactions in the low pressure chemical vapor deposition of diamond films. Although diamond a pure form of carbon, the important reactions in diamond CVD synthesis are dominated by atomic hydrogen. A three dimensional heat transfer model which included radiation and conduction was developed that successfully predicts substrate temperatures. A major finding of this work was the discovery that exothermic recombination of atomic hydrogen on the growing surface is an important mechanism of heat transfer to the substrate. Further studies of the hot-filament system using finite element techniques showed that the atomic hydrogen distribution is controlled by heterogeneous production at the filament and recombination on the growing surface. Simulations also identified the presence of natural convection in the reactors, but the impact on film growth is negligible due to high diffusivities and the filament substrate proximity.


Power-free ammonia recovery unit was an energy conversation and environment technology used in recovery of gaseous ammonia in the releasing gas of synthesis ammonia,author has introduced the process flow,design parameters,technical indexes and process equipment features in the power-free ammonia recovery unit with a capacity of 4 000 m3,built by Jiangsu Hensheng Chemical Fertilizer Company Ltd.;has analyzed the energy conversation and environment benefit of this unit.Running effect in near time indicates that using this unit can recover liquid ammonia about 7 000 t/a,can reduce the emission of waste water containing ammonia about 5 000 t/a,can create economic benefit about 1 500 000 Yuan RMB/a,investment recovery period is one year.


This paper studies and analyses the effect of new thin wall and side opening type dropping belt to cotton yield, stanza water result and cost efficiency at different soil condition and different install type. The result expresses that deep sub-surface type drop irrigation in sand soil (under ground 35 cm) can increase cotton yield,marine products ratio, the proformance, profits and decline lower cost obviously. Although shallow sub-surface can lower cost greatly, the stanza water result and the result of boosting production is worse, so we should pay more attention to using drip irrigation in sand soil.


We show that the measured abundance of ultra-faint lensed galaxies at z ≈ 6 in the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) provides stringent constraints on the parameter space of (i) dark matter models based on keV sterile neutrinos; (ii) "fuzzy" wavelike dark matter models, based on Bose–Einstein condensates of ultra-light particles. For the case of sterile neutrinos, we consider two production mechanisms: resonant production through mixing with active neutrinos and the decay of scalar particles. For the former model, we derive constraints for the combination of sterile neutrino mass m ν and mixing parameter sin 2 ( 2 θ ) which provide the tightest lower bounds on the mixing angle (and hence on the lepton asymmetry) derived so far by methods independent of baryonic physics. For the latter we compute the allowed combinations of the scalar mass, its coupling to the Higgs field, and the Yukawa coupling of scalar to sterile neutrinos. We compare our results to independent existing astrophysical bounds on sterile neutrinos in the same mass range. For the case of "fuzzy" dark matter, we show that the observed number density ≈ 1 / Mpc 3 of high-redshift galaxies in the HFF sets a lower limit m ψ ≥ 8 · 10 − 22 eV (at the 3-σ confidence level) on the particle mass, a result that strongly disfavors wavelike bosonic dark matter as a viable model for structure formation. We discuss the impact on our results of uncertainties due to systematics in the selection of highly magnified, faint galaxies at high redshift.


Objective To explore the role of microRNA-488-3p (miR-488-3p) in podocytes apoptosis induced by homocysteine (Hcy). Methods Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the ratio of podocytes apoptosis after treated with 0 μmol/L Hcy (control group) or 80 μmol/L Hcy (Hcy group) for 48 hours. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-related X protein (BAX), and caspase-3 were measured by Western blot analysis in podocytes, after cells were treated with 80 μmol/L Hcy (Hcy group) for 48 hours, and the expression of miR-488-3p was detected by real-time PCR. The transfection and apoptosis ratio of podocytes were also detected after cells were transfected with miR-488-3p inhibitor. Results The apoptosis rate of podocytes increased in cells treated with Hcy, compared with control group. The expression levels of BAX and caspase-3 increased significantly in Hcy group, while Bcl2 expression was suppressed by Hcy. Furthermore, the expression of miR-488-3p increased in Hcy-induced podocyte. On the contrary, podocyte showed an decreased apoptosis rate, expression levels of BAX and caspase-3 decreased after cells were transfected with miR-488-3p inhibitor. However, Bcl2, which was not in this line, showed an increase when the cells transfected with miR-488-3p inhibitor. Conclusion Hcy promotes apoptosis of podocyte by up-regulating the expression of miR-488-3p.


The anomalous plasmon linewidth dispersion (PLD) measured in K by vom Felde, Sprosser-Prou, and Fink (Phys. Rev. B 40, 10181 (1989)), has been attributed to strong dynamical electron-electron correlations. On the basis of ab initio response calculations, and detailed comparison with experiment, we show that the PLD of K is, in fact, dominated by decay into particle-hole excitations involving empty states of d-symmetry. For Li, we shed new light on the physics of the PLD. Our all-electron results illustrate the importance of ab initio methods for the study of electronic excitations.


* This study was supported, in part, by funding from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (No. 325B120004) for the Early Childhood Personnel Center, University of Connecticut Health Center. The contents and opinions expressed, however, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy or official position of either the Department or Office and no endorsement should be inferred or implied. The authors report no conflicts of interest.


Tomography image analysis is one of the most important
steps in clinical diagnosis for many different pathologies, as
they provide a great amount of visual information of virtually
inaccessible areas of the body, such as the brain.


In a previous study, we reported the antispasmodic and gastroprotective effects of the Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd., Sapindaceae, extract. In the present study, we evaluated the LD50, hemolytic and antispasmodic activities of its fractions and characterized its major constituents by isolation and GC–MS. The animals showed non-toxic symptoms with oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg, suggesting a safe oral administration. Furthermore, a low hemolytic activity was detected for the saponin fraction. Antispasmodic activity of the fractions was evaluated through carbachol-induced contractions in rat ileum. The hexane fraction was the most potent (IC50 68.4 ± 5.9 g/ml) followed by the dichloromethane fraction (IC50 161.3.4 ± 40.7 g/ml). Butanol fraction was the less effective (IC50 219.8 ± 60.3 g/ml). The phytochemical study of the S. caracasana fractions afforded the isolation of friedelin, -amyrin, allantoin and quercitrin. This is the first time that the presence of allantoin and quercitrin in the Serjania genus has been leum rat xtract toxicity reported. Among the isolated compounds and those characterized by GC–MS, -amyrin and -sitosterol were present in the most active fractions, hexane and dichloromethane, and they may be related to its antispasmodic activity. In addition, spathulenol was only found in the hexane fraction and its presence might justify the highest antispasmodic activity observed for this fraction. © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Abstract The formation, via pulsed laser excitation, from amorphous material of a new crystalline silicon phase with a hexagonal structure is described. The lattice image obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy and the selected-area diffraction patterns provide direct information on this amorphous-to-crystalline transition. It is proposed that laser-induced electronic excitation of amorphous material plays a dominant role in this metastable phase formation.


Boddie v. Connecticut held that filing fees could not bar access to divorce courts by the poor. This article summarizes the events leading up to the decision, the positions of the parties; the opinions of the Justices; and the implications for other cases. It particularly develops the competing due process and equal protection theories in the case. Although limited by the Court's subsequent decision in In Re. Kras, Boddie remains today one of the most frequently cited due process decisions by the Supreme Court.


ABSTRACT Using the General Social Survey, this article examines the gender difference in attitudes toward divorce. Although previous studies have found that women have more tolerant attitudes toward divorce compared to men, we find that this gender difference depends on the measure. Our analysis indicates that women are more likely than men to advocate making divorce more difficult to obtain. We find a significant link between the Protestant faith and conservative attitudes toward divorce; taking into account religious factors reduced the gender difference in attitudes. Consistent with prior literature, our results indicate that different factors affect men's and women's views of divorce.


This paper proposes a new explanation for the apparent slow growth in employment during the past two recoveries. The authors' explanation emphasizes dynamics within growing organizations and the intertemporal substitution of organizational restructuring. A key implication of the analysis is that recoveries from recessions following long expansions will have slower employment growth. Empirical analysis shows that the recovery that began in 1970 also exhibited slow employment growth, consistent with this prediction of the analysis.


In section two (Glaciology, Permafrost, Climatology, Geomorphology, etc.) there are thirty papers on Alaskan, Canadian, Greenland, and general studies. The thirteen papers of sections three (Logistics and Exploration) give details of some of the organizations currently working in the North American and Scandinavian Arctic. The scale of some of these enterprises illustrates the remarkable post-war increase of scientific effort in the Arctic due to the sudden realization of its economic and strategic potential. This publication forms an important summary of progress. P. F. F.


(I) Aims and function of the Union (1) The objects of the International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics are advancement of education in theScience of Biophysics. In furtherance of this aim the Council may exercise the following powers: (a) to organize international cooperation in Biophysics and to promote communication between the variousbranches of Biophysics and allied subjects; to encourage within each adhering body cooperation between the societies that represent the interests ofBiophysics; to contribute to the advancement of Biophysics in all its aspects. (2) For these purposes it shall have power: (a) to set up commissions or bodies for special purposes; (b) to organize international meetings and conferences; (c) to collaborate with other scientific organizations; (d) to act in all ways as a constituent union of the International Council of Scientific Unions in accordance with thestatutes of that body; (e) to develop any lawful activity deemed helpful to the forwarding of its declared objects.


The novels of Alexei Ivanov are a noticeable phenomenon in modern Russian literary life and attract the attention of literary critics. An important role in the artistic structure of the novel "The Rebellion's Gold" is played by folklore-mythological elements, which are the original author's system of pseudo-folklore texts created according to the model of traditional oral folk art. The focus of our attention is the functional significance of legends and traditions, manifold on the pages of the novel by A. Ivanov. It was revealed that the author's legends and traditions in "The Rebellion's Gold" are distinguished by polyfunctionality. On the one hand, they are used as a means of assessing and characterizing the characters, playing the role of "folk truth," a moral landmark with which the actions of the characters of the novel are measured. On the other hand, they are used in the process of plot formation, ensuring the dynamics of events. The most important function of the author's "folklore" in the novel is the world-modeling. With the help of folklore texts, the novel chronotope is saturated with magical elements that are relevant in modern neorealist works. At the same time, the author's mythology goes beyond the limits of the artistic text and transfers its world-modeling properties to the real geographical space of the Urals, which undergoes remifologization. Thus, the author's pseudo-folklore text turns into a way of reconstructing ancient meanings and creating a new national identity in a modern cultural situation.


In order to develop a new epoxy resin (EP) possessing good thermal and mechanical properties as well as flame retardancy performance, the compound POSS-bisDOPO consisting of one polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and two unit of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was synthesized and used as co-additive with tetrabutyl titanate to construct a phosphorous–silicon–titanium synergy system. Compared to pure EP, the char yields of the EP composites were increased. The LOI value and UL-94 ratings of the EP composite with a loading of 5% POSS-bisDOPO reached 31.0% and V-0 grade, respectively. The PHRR and THR reduced to 28.4 W g−1 and 1.7 kJ g−1. SEM results indicated that the char of the EP composites had an alveolate inner layer and continual compact outer layer, which was conducive to form effectively physical barrier to hinder the penetrating of oxygen and heat. DMA and three-point bending test results showed the mechanical property of the EP composites had no decline.


Abstract AMYLOIDOSIS has been induced in a variety of mammals using various stimuli. The rabbit and the mouse have been studied most extensively. Serial injection of sodium caseinate is the method of choice for induction of amyloid degeneration in mice. Amyloidosis has been classified as primary (spontaneous) and secondary. Primary amyloidosis has been described in the cow (Primgaard, 1930; Radostits and Palmer, 1965), dog (Hjarre, 1933), mouse (Dunn, 1944), Horse (Hjarre, 1933), tortoise (Trautwein and Pruksaraj, 1967), cat (Hjarre, 1933), baboon (Gilman and Christine, 1955), and the tenrec (Osman Hill, 1954). However, generalized secondary amyloidosis is the type most commonly encountered in mammals. In contrast to mammals, there is little information regarding amyloidosis in the avian species. Serial injections of living Staphylococcus aureus cultures were employed to produce amyloid in hens (Maximow, 1898). Since the discovery of a more exact delineation of the immune mechanism of birds, there has been a…


The objective of this study was to examine local community participation in the conserve candle festival for sustainability, and to study development guidelines for local community participation in the festival. We used quantitative and qualitative methods. For the qualitative method we provided 400 questionnaires and analyzed them using mean, standard deviation, and Chi-Square tests. For the qualitative approach, we used an invited focus group, including an academician, a businessman, government agencies, and a local philosopher, to discuss and identify development guidelines, and we performed data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results indicate that local community participation in the conserve candle festival for sustainability is important, since the conservation and restoration of the Ubon Ratchathani candle festival is a cultural tourism attraction. However, the local government invited residents to a candle festival meeting at a low level (S.D. = .828); participants in planning (S.D. = .785); had knowledge and understood history (S.D. = .794); community was subsidized from government (S.D. = .811), community acknowledged conservation and restoration (S.D. = .923); government emphasis on community participation in conservation and restoration (S.D. =1.06); and community participation in the transfer of historical and traditional knowledge to the public (S.D. = .756). The guidelines for local community participation in the conserve candle festival for sustainability iterates six goals: 1) transfer knowledge of local culture to local youth; 2) encourage the museum to be the center of local cultural learning; 3) print pictures and descriptions of the candle festival in student notebooks; 4) transfer knowledge of the candle sculptors and carvers to youths; 5) the provincial government should support local philosophers in candle sculpture and transfer their skills and knowledge to local youth; 5) encourage the establishment of the temple as a candle festival learning center; and 6) encourage community enterprises to produce goods and products that communicate the candle festival


Studies on adolescent health are instruments that allow us to both evaluate how healthy young people are and to guide preventative public policy. They contribute to the construction of representations of adolescence articulated both with a culture of risk and a perspective based on health promotion. Based on the analysis of different HBSC reports concerning the health of high school students aged between 11 and 15 years old, this article shows that at the turn of the 21st century, healthcare concerns relating to obesity, media dictates about body image stereotypes, suicide, and depressive symptoms among young people were guides for the detection of unprecedented risks. New figures of adolescence are emerging through the extension of risk indicators and the evolution of interpretative models of health. The result is an image of adolescence subject to many different vulnerabilities.


The analytical and experimental results of the behaviour of dielectric sphere loaded corrugated conical horn is discussed. Scattering theory is used to obtain mathematical expressions of gain and far-zone fields. The directivity is improved by dielectric sphere loading and is with reduced sidelobes. It is noticed that the beamwidth of the system varies with the dielectric sphere diameter.


This paper responds to two interests of mine: one is pedagogical and the other is exegetical. First, my pedagogical interest. Even a cursory review of those think-tanks interested in church renewal these days tell us that the topic de jour at least in the first world church is how to bring disaffected Christians back into the fold. The current handwringing is not about an apologia that would convince non-Christians of the intellectual fluency or existential relevance of Christian discipleship, but a gospel for disaffected ex-believers whose faith no longer holds their interest. I meet them all the time in my Bible classes at SPU. The reasons they give for their disinterest in the Christian faith are many and varied. The Barna Group and Pew Research have recently catalogued most of them, although my sense in interacting with these students is that they just prefer other gods offered them on social media and by peers.1 I would add in passing that I detect a difference in this regard between the millennials I taught 5-10 years ago and the centennials I now teach: the current cadre of students no longer require reasons for their disinterest; they simply have no existential need for a life with God. Addressing an audience at Davidson College, David Brooks recently observed that American college students have lost a sense of our nation's "Exodus" narrative, especially those students from more marginal social groups. These are the outliers who for generations have told their stories, whether as immigrants or plotted by their struggles for civil rights, in ways that resonate with a truncated version of the Exodus narrative. They tell of their departure from a land of death and oppression to enter into a promised land of equal opportunity where all had access to the resources of a good and happy life. Their present narrative, even if unwittingly shaped by Marxist ideology, is one of disillusionment and disaffection with the so-called American dream, whose promises have never been realized in their experience. The problem with this version of the Exodus story as Brooks tells it is that its narrative fails to mention its middle. Stories have a beginning, middle, and an ending. They tell of their exodus and they hope for their promised land, but they fail to receive the existential middle ground of a wilderness journey fraught with temptation and struggle. These disaffected citizens and immigrants comprise a wilderness generation without knowing so. Yes, they are citizens of a liberal democracy who enjoy the benefits of freedom, but many have yet to experience the blessings they were promised: life, liberty, and happiness. And so they grumble and complain of unrealized promises. This has become a generation of protest in America: MeToo, BlackLivesMatter, DACA,


We present an experimental realization of the Smolin state using hyperentangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric downconversion, to our knowledge the first optical demonstration of bound entanglement that does not simulate mixture using random unitaries.


The protective action of Ca2+ and a series of other divalent cations on heat inactivation (48°C, 30 min) of [125I]ω‐conotoxin (CTX) binding sites was investigated in membranes prepared from rat forebrain. Moreover, the influence of GABA (500 ω) on this protection was studied. Binding of [125I]CTX as well as its inhibitory action on K+ (55 mM) stimulated, Ca2+‐dependent transmitter release were studied in rat cerebellar granule neurons cultured in the presence or absence of the GABAA receptor agonist THIP (4,5,6,7‐tetratydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol). In cells cultured in the presence of THIP (150 ω) it was investigated whether the ability of THIP to inhibit evoked transmitter release could be influenced by CTX. Ca2+ and other divalent cations could effectively protect against heat inactivation of [125I]CTX binding sites in rat forebrain membranes, but this protective action was not influenced by the presence of 500 ω GABA. The cultured cerebellar granule neurons exhibited specific binding sites for [125I] CTX, the number of which was independent of exposure of the cells to THIP during the culture period. Evoked transmitter release was inhibited by CTX with an IC50 value of 13 nM. In neurons cultured in the presence of 150 ω THIP, THIP could dose‐dependently inhibit evoked transmitter release, but this inhibitory action was not influenced by CTX (20 nM). The results show that cerebellar granule neurons exhibit functionally meaningful CTX binding sites. An association between such sites and GABA receptors is not apparent. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Summary

A MicroGrid (MG) can be operated in two main situations: grid-connected mode and autonomous mode. Power electronics (PE) are required to interface the DG units with the MG. This paper presents an optimal operating strategy and cost minimization scheme for an electronically weak-coupled MG. The major objective of the paper is to minimize the overall cost considering both the power system and the power electronics constraints in the two modes of operation. The paper presents steady-state models of power electronic converter/inverter systems for coupling distributed generation (DG) units to the grid based on Newton–Raphson method. A Matlab program is developed to represent the proposed algorithm. The program is tested in various network conditions and verified by applying it to an MG with three different DG units. The main contribution of the study is to ensure that the converter constraints are satisfied for both types using DC/AC inverter and AC/AC matrix converter. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study examines the effect of geographic scope in mitigating the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the real estate sector. Utilizing the Chinese setting over the two-month period in 2020 from the beginning of the outbreak to the successful containment of the spread of virus, we show that while the pandemic has negatively impacted real estate firm returns, firms with broader geographic scope and more geographically diversified property allocations have managed to better endure the crisis. We further find that firms with higher leverage report lower returns during the pandemic irrespective of their geographic scope, but larger firms can lessen the adverse impact of the pandemic only if they have adopted a more diversified strategy. Overall, our study provides novel evidence on the benefit of diversification by demonstrating the importance of geographic scope and diversification at times of crises. Specifically, we show corporate diversification could be especially useful to mitigate the negative stock market reactions resulting from the pandemic. Moreover, diversification could even become essential for larger firms that are expected by the market to be more diversified.


STUDIES of peripheral nerve and sympathetic ganglion in vitro have demonstrated that impulse propagation is associated with increases in oxygen consumption and CO, production (CRANEFIELD, BRINK and BRONK, 1957; DOLIVO and LARRABEE, 1958; MAJNO, GASTEIGER, LA GATTUTA and KARNOVSKY, 1958). Electrical stimulation of cerebral tissues in vitro has also been associated with increased respiration (MCILWAIN, 1956). There is evidence in sympathetic ganglion that the increment in CO, production during activity is derived principally from glucose carbon (HOROWICZ and LARRABEE, 1962). However, the picture of the influence of activity on the pathways followed by glucose carbon in nervous tissue remains incomplete. Several investigators have suggested that impulse propagation by nerve is accompanied by a shift in the intermediary metabolism of glucose in the direction of more complete oxidation of carbon via the Krebs cycle (BRINK, 1957; GERARD, 1932). As evidence supporting this hypothesis, these investigators cite the following observations. In peripheral nerve, stimulation leads to an increase in oxygen consumption, but may fail to produce a corresponding increase in glucose consumption. The R.Q. of peripheral nerve shifts from 0.8 at rest to 1.0 during activity (GERARD, 1932). Sodium azide in low concentrations depresses the increase in oxygen consumption associated with activity, but does not affect the resting oxygen uptake (HURLBUT and BRINK, 1954; CHENG, 1961). The present study is an attempt to determine whether or not a shift in metabolism in association with activity does indeed occur and, if so, to elucidate the nature of this shift. Guinea pig sciatic nerve segments were incubated in media containing glucose, pyruvate, or acetate, labelled uniformly or in specific carbons with 14C. The appearance of "CO, in the CO, evolved by the nerve segments from these various substrates was measured during rest and during electrical stimulation. The influence of activity upon the conversion of specific glucose carbon atoms to I4CO, could then be determined, and from these data some information concerning the influence of activity upon the oxidative pathways of glucose could be inferred.


The article examines the social relationships to which the punished women of the N° 50 prison of the Batan Penitentiary Complex are subject, through an analysis of daily punishment practices. A copy of the Book of faults of the prison is the documentary source, which details the punishments applied in the period covered from June 2010 to August 2013. Our  findings indicate that daily punishments are characterized by cynicism and violence. They are polyvalent in their functions, to the extent that beyond being a form of direct government, they also contribute to the functioning of the prison control outsourcing, to the functioning of an informal market, and to a concealment of torture practices. On the other hand, results also allow us to observe practices of resistance of the punished women and, consequently, corroborate that power relationships need a daily exercise to ensure their reproduction.


A Study on effect of various aqueous leaf extracts on egg hatching and subsequent larval penetration of Meloidogyne incognita in banana cv. Basrai roots, indicated that aqueous leaf extracts of argemone (Argemone maxicana, L.) and lantana (Lantana camera, L.) and neem seed kernel suspension NSKS (Azadirachta indica Juss.) proved to be the most effective in almost complete inhibition of nematode egg hatching at 48, 96 and 144 hrs, indicating ovicidal effect. Ipomea (Ipomoea fistulosa) and castor (Ricinus communis) leaf extracts were the least effective. There was no larval penetration from egg masses previously treated with argemone and lantana leaf extracts and NSKS treatment. Significantly more nematode larval penetration was recorded from egg masses treated with castor and Ipomea leaf extracts, indicating their ovistatic effect.


Abstract : A low temperature, aqueous electrolyte fuel cell employing new, Conducting-Porous-Teflon Electrodes is described. The new electrodes show excellent performance characteristics with a variety of fuels (including hydrocarbons) and with both oxygen and air as the oxidant. Preparation methods are discussed, and performance data obtained with ambient temperature, hydrogen- oxygen and hydrogen-air cells are presented to illustrate their properties.


Models of trust for microelectronic systems are difficult to create due to the large variety of adversarial strategies available. Building on previous work, we present a new adversary model that considers the large heterogeneous attack surface that is realistically available on a diverse microelectronic system. We also present an expanded game theoretic model that permits reasoning about optimal adversarial and defensive strategies across this varied attack surface.


The present invention relates to a floating car data map matching method and system for preprocessing. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: initializing the system parameters set; receiving GPS positioning data, the gyro and accelerometer data, and extracts the GPS speed, angular rate gyro measurement values of heading angle, calculates an acceleration value measured Acc to the difference of gravity g; determining whether the first positioning, it is determined whether the vehicle is stationary, and determines whether the vehicle is traveling slowly, like the location data update operation according to determination conditions. The method and system of the present invention may utilize GPS location data history to solve the problem at low speeds of the vehicle heading angle is allowed, and when the vehicle is stationary drift GPS location data generated, thereby improving the performance and accuracy of map matching matches in order to properly match positioning data to the corresponding sections and congestion analysis, to provide comprehensive technical support for the positioning of urban congestion toll roads.


To Survey and provide some suggestion to the amendment of the package inserts of Chinese patent drug and references of rational drug use in the clinic by analyzing the problems existing in these package inserts.Item setting and contents of eighty-six package inserts of Chinese patent drug were analyzed in our hospital.The common problems existing in the package inserts of Chinese patent drug were absence of important items such as pharmacokinetics,dosage of children and elder patients,dosage of pregnant and lactation women,adverse drug reactions,drug interaction,contraindication,precautions,pharmacological and toxicity action etc,item setting is simple,'nuclear' is too more to hard to understand.The research of traditional China medicine should be strengthened,the regulations related package inserts of Chinese patent drug need be amend.It is urgent to standardize the package inserts of Chinese patent drug,standardizing the package inserts of Chinese patent drug for guarantee the safe and reasonable use of medicines.


A purely sequence‐dependent approach to the modeling of protein–protein interaction was applied to the study of C‐phycocyanin αβ dimers. The interacting pairs (α and β subunits) share an almost complete structural homology, together with a general lack of sequence superposition; thus, they constitute a particularly relevant example for protein–protein interaction prediction. The present analysis is based on a description posited at an intermediate level between sequence and structure, that is, the hydrophobicity patterning along the chains. Based on the description of the sequence hydrophobicity patterns through a battery of nonlinear tools (recurrence quantification analysis and other sequence complexity descriptors), we were able to generate an explicit equation modeling α and β monomers interaction; the model consisted of canonical correlation between the hydrophobicity autocorrelation structures of the interacting pairs. The general implications of this holistic approach to the modeling of protein–protein interactions, which considers the protein primary structures as a whole, are discussed. Proteins 2003;51:299–310. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


English-teaching among medical students is an important method to improve the teaching quality of foreign students and to train medical professionals capable of international communi cation.In the English-teaching among foreign and native undergraduate students,the course wares and teaching methods were designed after summarizing the features of students and teaching contents and were further improved during the practice.The continuing improvement of teachers′ English proficiency is also necessary to achieve good teaching quality.

Key words:
Clinical pulmonary function;  Teaching in English;  Undergraduate


Geoscience applications of active microwave remote sensing systems are examined. Major application areas for the system include: (1) exploration of petroleum, mineral, and ground water resources, (2) mapping surface and structural features, (3) terrain analysis, both morphometric and genetic, (4) application in civil works, and (5) application in the areas of earthquake prediction and crustal movements. Although the success of radar surveys has not been widely publicized, they have been used as a prime reconnaissance data base for mineral exploration and land-use evaluation in areas where photography cannot be obtained.


Hospitality industry "is in the midst of a sustainability awakening" (Prairie, 2012). Many hospitality managers seem to be willing to adopt sustainability practices in order to obtain a competitive advantage. Using Barney's VRIO framework (value, rareness, imitability, and organizationally embedded), this paper provides an exploratory examination of the role of resources or capabilities in developing and maintaining competitive advantage through the development of sustainability practices in the hospitality industry. Our qualitative, exploratory study is based on in depth-interviews conducted with 17 hospitality managers from hotels established in Mexico and recognized as "champions" in sustainability. Results contribute to a better understanding of the factors that can determine competitive advantage in the hospitality industry through sustainability practices. Leadership, organizational culture and human resource management (HRM) practices appear to be among the most important. The results reveal practi...


An analytical model has been proposed for predicting the vibration frequencies of rolling bearings and the amplitudes of significant frequency components due to a localized defect on outer race, inner race or on one of the rolling elements under radial and axial loads. The model predicts a discrete spectrum having peaks at the characteristic defect frequencies and their harmonics. In the case of an inner race defect or a rolling element defect under a radial load, there are sidebands around each peak. The effect of load and pulse shape on the vibration amplitude has been considered in the model. Typical numerical results for a 6002 deep groove ball bearing have been obtained and plotted. A comparison with the experimental values obtained from published literature shows that the model can be successfully used to predict amplitude ratios among various spectral lines.


Pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) are established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, which contribute to heart failure (HF) with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) were found to be useful tool for CV risk stratification among patients with pre-diabetes and T2DM regardless of HF. Previous clinical studies have shown that elevated levels of NPs predicted all-cause and CV mortality, risk of HF manifestation and progression, as well as risk re-admission due to HF. The discriminative potency of NPs for CV death and HF-related events in pre-diabetes and T2DM populations has not been demonstrated beyond traditional CV risk factors. The aim of the review is to accumulate knowledge regarding differential prognostic role of circulating NPs in patients with prediabetes and established T2DM. Presences of HFrEF or HFpEF in T2DM patients may require modification of NP cut-off points to primary diagnose HF and determine HF-related risks. There are several controversies between clinical outcomes and dynamic of circulating levels of NPs in diabetics treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors that requires to be elucidated in large clinical studies in the future.


A number of legacy codes make use of linearized array references (i.e., references to one-dimensional arrays) to encode accesses to multi-dimensional arrays. This is also true of a number of optimized libraries and the well-known LLVM intermediate representation, which linearize array accesses. In many cases, the only information available is an array base pointer and a single dimensional offset. For problems with parametric array extents, this offset is usually a multivariate polynomial. Compiler analyses such as data dependence analysis are impeded because the standard formulations with integer linear programming (ILP) solvers cannot be used. In this paper, we present an approach to delinearization, i.e., recovering the multi-dimensional nature of accesses to arrays of parametric size. In case of insufficient static information, the developed algorithm produces run-time conditions to validate the recovered multi-dimensional form. The obtained access description enhances the precision of data dependence analysis. Experimental evaluation in the context of the LLVM/Polly system using a number of benchmarks reveals significant performance benefits due to increased precision of dependence analysis and enhanced optimization opportunities that are exploited by the compiler after delinearization.


At present, a great deal of scholarly research on Indonesia focuses on processes of Islamisation and the notion of an Islamic modernity. This paper will discuss a phenomenon that seems to point in a different direction, namely the contemporary reconfiguration of dukun/spiritual experts called paranormal or supranatural. These can be seen as an assemblage of tradition and modernity, locality and translocality, religion and mysticism, spirituality and business, global esotericism and popular psychology. Most of them belong to the urban middle-class, are highly professional, and make extensive use of modern mass media to advertise their supernatural skills. Yet how do they position themselves in Indonesian and global cultural contexts? Which representational strategies are prevalent in which situation? How does their cosmopolitan identification reconcile claims of "Eastern spirituality"? And embedded in all this: what role does the positionality of a Western ethnographer play in the transcultural research encounter?


We demonstrate 80 nm of tuning in the 1400 nm range with 116 mW maximum output power in an Nd3+ doped fiber oscillator with distributed spectral filtering.


Zeugma is a figure of speech used frequently in our daily conversation,commercial ads, stories and novels. It usually has six application forms. It's characteristic is unique, new and original.Being applied properly, it can make the writing style concise, vivid, humor and produce great logic power.


Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) has been and remains one of the most widely used herbs for medicinal purposes since its discovery. It is used in cosmetics, personal care products, food and pharmaceutical products both because of its taste and aromatic properties. In addition, mint is used for non-medical purposes, which makes its cultivation economically feasible. Information about the introduction of peppermint in Russia since the beginning of the XVIII century is scattered and / or incomplete. The purpose of this work is to provide an extensive descriptive overview of the introduction to the cultures of this species in imperial Russia (from the beginning of the XVIII century to the October Revolution). Archival and historical documents on the cultivation of medicinal herbs and the development of peppermint culture in Imperial Russia, virtual herbariums of the V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University were studied.


This study was designed to evaluate the ScoliometeF, an instrument that measures axial trunk rotation in individuals with scoliosis. m e objectives included determining I) the ScoliometerS@ screening capability and validity and 2) the intraratw and interrater reliability of ScoliometeP measurements. Scoliometer@ measurements made @ two raters on 65persons with idiopathic scoliosk were correlated with radiographic asrement of vertebral (pedcle) rotation and lateral curvature (Cobb method). Correlations ranged @om .32 to .46 with pedicle rotation andfrom .46 to .54 with the Cobb angle. Frequency analysis revealed relatiz~ely good pciJicity, sensitivity, and predictive capability of the Scoliometer@. Zntraratw and interrater reliability coeficients wwe high (r = .86-.97). %se results indicate good measurement reproducibility. me less-than-optimal betweenmethod correlation coeficients suggest that the z~alidity of Scol iomet~ measurements b not suficient to use this method alone for deternziningpatient dkzgnosis and management. Based on the positive-pequency anulys& however, the use of this tool as a screening device would be appro-te. (Amend LE, Ause-Ellias ICC, Eybers JL, et al: Valzdity and reliability testing of the Scoliometw@. Pbys Thw 70:108-117, 19W]


Bench-scale experiments were conducted to establish the feasibility of a steam reforming technology for destruction of hazardous waste and low-level mixed wastes. Two surrogate feed mixtures were prepared. During both tests, hydrochloric acid condensed and attacked the metal component of the system, resulting in severe corrosion. Destruction rate efficiency (DRE) data indicated that reformer temperatures should be increased to 1900 or 2000 F to increase the DRE for 1,2-dichlorobenzene. However, these high temperatures vaporize inorganics that then condense downstream in processing equipment. A bench-scale experiment was devised to evaluate a high-temperature, second stage reactor. By increasing the residence time in the second stage reformed and/or by changing the catalyst type, the destruction efficiency of 1,2-dichlorobenzene was increased to the desired level of 99.9999 percent.


Red Book 2010 includes the latest pricing and product information for more than 100,000 prescription and over-the-counter items to help pharmacists keep their practice efficient and current, as well as support their growing role in patient counseling. This edition includes more than 20,000 price updates from the previous year and over 7,000 new listings. It also provides helpful information on practice management, manufacturer and wholesalers, poison antidotes, drug interactions, dosing instructions in Spanish, and more.


The post-processing (punching or trimming) of high-strength parts reinforced by hot stamping requires punch molds with improved mechanical properties in hardness, resistance to wear, and toughness. In this study, a semi-additive manufacturing (semi-AM) method of heterogeneous materials was proposed to strengthen these properties using high wear resistance steel (HWS) powder and directed energy deposition (DED) technology. To verify these mechanical properties as a material for the punch mold for cutting, specimens were prepared and tested by a semi-AM method of heterogeneous material. The test results of the HWS additive material by the semi-AM method proposed in this study are as follows: the hardness was 60.59–62.0 HRc, which was like the Bulk D2 specimen. The wear resistance was about 4.2 times compared to that of the D2 specimen; the toughness was about 4.0 times that of the bulk D2 specimen; the compressive strength was about 1.45 times that of the bulk D2 specimen; the true density showed 100% with no porosity. Moreover, the absorption energy was 59.0 J in a multi-semi-AM specimen of heterogeneous materials having an intermediate buffer layer (P21 powder material). The semi-AM method of heterogeneous materials presented in this study could be applied as a method to strengthen the punch mold for cutting. In addition, the multi-semi-AM method of heterogeneous materials will be able to control the mechanical properties of the additive material.


The paper explores the effects of supplier-buyer network structure on the innovation performance of supplier firms. Most previous studies focused one-dimensionally on the goals and the performance ...


Environmental management (EM) practitioners around the world struggle to incorporate public comment when it does not use technical rationality, which is based in the norms of science. Considering comments based on cultural rationality, which is based in lived experience, story, and analogy, can create tensions for the individuals and project teams tasked with achieving robust, sustainable decisions. This qualitative, interpretive study collected data from the primary investigator's work at the Idaho National Laboratory combined with interviews with 16 EM practitioners. Participants in this study recognized the value of both technical and cultural rationality in the decision-making process. The participants' acceptance of the two forms of rationality demonstrated dialectical complexity and reduced the tensions inherent in these decision-making processes. Effective incorporation of public comment requires transdisciplinary project teams with relatively flat power structures that enable dialogue and deliberation. Introduction Public participation is a required element of decision-making processes in democracies around the world. However, even when public comments are requested, members of the public may wonder whether their comments are meaningfully considered during the decision-making process. Although the public comment process itself is highly visible and has been researched extensively, the incorporation of public comments by decision-making teams (and the lack of transparency surrounding it) has been the focus of much less research. The primary investigator took advantage of her working relationship with the Idaho National Laboratory, an energy research facility in the western United States. During the course of more than 5 years supporting public participation projects, she observed that some individuals and project teams accepted and incorporated the public's comments into their decisions more readily than others. The primary investigator's experience with complex environmental decision-making suggests that incorporating public comment can be extremely challenging for environmental management (EM) practitioners, often creating tensions for individual practitioners and teams. This research reported here is a preliminary description of the characteristics and communication strategies that enable individuals and teams to more thoroughly consider and incorporate public comments, resulting in decisions that are robust to the needs and values of the public. Literature Review Communication scholars have identified two common approaches to decision-making in public participation processes, each of which is logical and coherent on its own terms. Technical rationality is a formal Western linear decision process that emphasizes scientific norms of 1 Cassandra J. Hemphill is adjunct faculty in the Department of Applied Arts and Sciences at University of Montana, Missoula College, and professional development manager at International Association for Public Participation (IAP2). 2 Gavin W. Ploger is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Communication Studies, University of Michigan. The authors would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of the two anonymous reviewers.


The poet LiuYuxi of mid-Tang Dynasty creates massive poems during his twenty-three reugation years,and these poems mostly have used analogy and metaphor,but the usage is different in earlier and later periods.The earlier work takes the satiric poetry as representative,it totally has metaphor meaning,strong resentment,and concrete significance,it puts analogy in an important place.The later work totally contains deep history and the life sign with emotion,taking the 'zhuzhici' as reapresentative.It uses analogy and metaphor in sentences,which usually includs hidden bitterness without explicit significance but focusing on metaphor.


Introduction: Lunar meteorites are complementary to the suite of rock and regolith samples collected by the Apollo missions. While the Apollo samples represent the most pristine material we have from the Moon, lunar meteorites represent a more global sampling of the lunar crust, albeit without geologic context [e.g. 1]. As such, lunar meteorites are important for understanding the composition of the lunar crust and the processes responsible for its formation and evolution. This work aims to understand the observed differences in accessory phase chronology and volatile chemistry between lunar meteorites and Apollo rocks. For example, apatite ages in Apollo samples range from ~3.83 to 4.28 Ga [e.g. 2, 3], while apatites in lunar meteorites range from ~3.00 to 4.44 Ga [e.g. 4, 5]. Additionally, a much larger range of Cl isotope compositions and concentrations is observed in lunar meteorites as compared to Apollo samples [e.g. 6]. It has recently been shown that impact metamorphism can influence both chronology and chemistry of phosphates [e.g. 7, 8]. Here we present the first chronologic results from a consortium study pairing chronology, volatile chemistry, and crystal structure of apatites in a lunar breccia meteorite. The results of this work will help inform interpretation of ongoing analyses of apatites separated from Apollo soils. Sample: NWA 12593 is a clast-rich, lunar fragmental breccia meteorite found in Mali. The meteorite has abundant clasts including basaltic, granulite, and crystalline impact melt, embedded in a fine-grained matrix [9]. It is moderately altered and may be moderately shocked [9, 10]. Previous studies have analyzed the Cl and H isotope composition of apatites from NWA 12593 [11]. The H and Cl isotopes are mainly within the range of Apollo samples (+10‰ to +24‰), however there is a subset of grains with high d37Cl (~ +55‰). We obtained a 4.48 g slice of NWA 12593 that contains abundant mineral fragments and small lithic clasts and only a few larger clasts. Our section is therefore dominated by fine-grained impact melt matrix (Fig. 1). We identified 66 apatites, 105 merrillites, 21 baddeleyites, and two zircons. There are some large grains up to ~100 μm, however, most are small with grainsizes <30μm. This abstract focuses on the apatite and baddeleyite grains. The apatites are mainly found in the fine-grained matrix, however some are in clasts; the baddeleyites are found both in the matrix as well as associated with apatite and merrillites in small clasts (Fig. 2). Only clast baddeleyites were analyzed herein. Methods: Here we summarize the analyses that have been conducted thus far as part of a consortium effort. The original specimen was divided into three sub-sections, each of which were mounted in 1-inch epoxy rounds (Fig. 1), and polished for EBSD analyses. Microstructural EBSD analyses of apatite and baddeleyite grains was collected at NASA JSC using a 7900F Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sulfur oxidation state of apatites has been assessed via XANES using the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, the results of which are summarized in (Brounce et al., LPSC 2022). For some samples, EBSD was performed prior to XANES to test for electron beam effects on sulfur oxidation state. Relative sulfur concentrations of apatites were assessed wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) using the ThermoFisher Magnarary Spectrometer mounted on the JEOLIT500HR Field Emission SEM at Southern Methodist University. Elemental maps of the sections were collected using the JEOL JXA-8230 electron microprobe at the University of Colorado Boulder (Fig. 2). Finally, 207Pb-206Pb geochronology was measured for a subset of apatite and baddeleyite grains using the Cameca ims1290 at the University of California, Los Angeles. Samples were analyzed with the Hyperion II ion source using a 5nA 16Oprimary beam and ~10μm spot size.


THE objects of this study were twofold: to determine if indices of prolificacy could be developed; to ascertain the cause of the difference in prolificacy in two inbred strains of rats. Studies with chickens (Hays, 1924), and with turkeys (Asmundson, 1941) have shown an inverse relationship between age at sexual maturity and egg production; the early maturing birds produced a greater number of eggs. Thus it would appear that age at sexual maturity is an index, at least in part, of the fun tional capacity of the ovary in these species. A similar relationship apparently exists between sexual maturity and prolificacy in swine. Phillips and Zeller (1943) found that sexual maturity occurred at an earlier age in largetype Poland China sows than in small-type animals and Hetzer and Brier (1940) working with the same stocks found that prolificacy was greater in the large type. In other words, the more prolific strain matured earlier.


This study is part of an ongoing research effort at Los Alamos to understand the hydrologic cycle at regional scales by coupling atmospheric, land surface, river channel, and groundwater models. In this study the authors examine how local variation of heights of the two mountain ranges representative of those that surround the Rio Grande Valley affects precipitation. The lack of observational data to adequately assess precipitation variability in complex terrain, and the lack of previous work has prompted this modeling study. Thus, it becomes imperative to understand how the local terrain affects snow accumulations and rainfall during winter and summer seasons respectively so as to manage this valuable resource in this semi-arid region. While terrain is three dimensional, simplifying the problem to two dimensions can provide some valuable insight into topographic effects that may exist at various transects across the Rio Grande Valley. The authors induce these topographic effects by introducing variations in heights of the mountains and the width of the valley using an analytical function for the topography. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is used to examine these effects.


Bacteria can coordinate group behavior using chemical signals in a process called quorum sensing (QS). The QS system in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is largely governed by the LasR receptor and its cognate chemical signal, N‐(3‐oxo)‐dodecanoyl L‐homoserine lactone (OdDHL). LasR also appears to share this signal with an orphan LuxR‐type receptor in P. aeruginosa, termed QscR, which represses LasR activity. Non‐native molecules that modulate QscR would represent valuable tools to study the role of this novel QS repressor protein in P. aeruginosa. We performed a critical analysis of previously identified, non‐native N‐acylated L‐homoserine lactone (AHL) activators and inhibitors of QscR to determine a set of structure–activity relationships (SARs). Based on these SAR data, we designed, synthesized, and screened several second‐generation libraries of AHLs for new ligands that could target QscR. These studies revealed the most active AHL agonists and antagonists of QscR reported to date, with activities ranging from nanomolar to low micromolar in a QscR bacterial reporter strain. Several of these AHLs were highly selective for QscR over LasR and other LuxR‐type receptors. A small subset of the new QscR activators, however, were also found to inhibit LasR; this demonstrates the exciting potential for the synergistic modulation of these integral P. aeruginosa QS receptors by using a single synthetic compound.


In view of wear out-of-tolerance of hydraulic support jack's parts.combining with inspection in our company,crock body and guide sleeve are renovated using felt technology.The effect is good.The experiences for inspection of hydraulic support in our company are accumulated.


Today data holder want to utilize and release data to third party for analyzing or researching however, but they not required to disclosing any individual data within its privacy interval to anyone. Here find the answer to what extent confidential information in a perturbed database can be compromised by attackers or snoopers. key of element is preserving privacy and confidentiality of data is the ability to evaluate the extent of all potential disclosure for the data. Several randomized techniques have been proposed for privacy preserving data mining of continuous data. These approaches generally attempt to hide the important data by randomly modifying the important data values using some additive noise and aim to reconstruct the original distribution closely at an aggregate level. The main contribution of this paper lies in the algorithm to accurately reconstruct the community joint density given the perturbed multidimensional stream of data information. Any statistical question about the community can be answered using the reconstructed joint density. In our research objective is to determine whether the distributions of the original and recovered of important data are close enough to each other despite the nature of the noise applied. We are considering an ensemble clustering method to reconstruct the initial data distribution.


From the Publisher:
Virtual reality is probably the biggest breakthrough in computing since the invention of the microprocessor. By allowing us to explore artificial worlds generated entirely by computer, it's a technology full of startling possibilities for professionals in the fields of architecture, industry, engineering, medicine, science, and entertainment.


Proof of the curative action of vitamin D for rickets was established by the studies of many investigators (1, 2). It is now known that therapeutic doses of this vitamin bring about increased calcium absorption from the intestinal tract (3), while massive doses induce hypercalcemia (4) and, experimentally at least, a combination of skeletal resorption and vigorous bone-matrix formation (5-7). Also, in the hypoparathyroid individual, administration of vitamin D results in an increased excretion of phosphorus and usually of calcium (8, 9). Knowledge of the biochemical or enzymatic means by which vitamin D induces the foregoing effects would greatly enhance our understanding of mineral and bone metabolism. An approach to the study of this problem was afforded by the reports of Warkany and his co-workers (10-12) on bioassays of vitamin D in sera of animals and humans. Vitamin D in aqueous solution, however, is known to be readily oxidized and thereby rendered inactive (13). This suggests that the vitamin, as it exists in serum, is in some manner protected and may not be in a free or unaltered state. Therefore, in our initial studies on vitamin


: The kinetic of thermal degradation study was performed on Nogoz pesticide to find out its effect on its biological activity in struggle against Aphids living on bean plant at various temperatures ( 278, 293, 313, and 333 Kelvin ) and various periods ( 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours ) . The study involved the effect of that on the Bean production. It was concluded from this study that the exhibition of Nogoz pesticide to 600C has reduced its efficiency in its straggle to reduce its percentage from 23.6 to 9.8 on treatment at 00C. The results have illustrated that the quantity of production was raised to its maximum level (3151 kg/D) in treatment of Nogoz pesticide at 50C, while it was decrease to lower level ( 2880.8) on treatment at 600C. It was found in this study that the thermal degradation of Nogoz pesticide has increased in terms of liberated phosphor ions concentrations while PH values were decreased with increasing of period of temperature effects The kinetic study has clarified that the rate of reaction was of first order when Ln (P0/ Pt) was plotted against temperature periods which have indicated linear relation and the temperature has great effect on its value.


Abstract N-acyliminium reagents formed in situ from benzothiazole and alkyl chloroformates react with hydroxyarenes in a Friedel-Crafts manner, providing access to 2-(hydroxyaryl)-benzothiazolines with antibacterial properties. Graphical Abstract


In this study 18 early-maturing spring Brassica napus lines and their two parents including two Brassica campes and Brassica napus(D9946R and E144R)were used to analyze the relationship of combining ability with genetic distance and genetic components by using SSR and SRAP molecular markers.The main results are as following: coefficients between genetic distance based on polymorphism of two markers and the special combining ability(SCA) of grain mass was negatively related(-0.35**,highly significant difference),and other traits were not correlated with SCA,such as yield per plant and pod number per plant.No significant correlation was detected between the rate of cabbage-type bands in restorer lines and general combining ability(GCA) of other main agronomic traits.


Significant progress has been made over the past 3 decades in understanding the acoustic phenomena that affect the operation of high‐frequency (i.e., 10 kHz–60 kHz) sonars utilized by systems in the undersea environment such as weapons and autonomous underwater vehicles. The specific underwater acoustic research interests have somewhat paralleled and been motivated by the technology developments for these applications. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, experiments and model development focused on understanding the processes of signal propagation, scattering from the ocean medium (reverberation), and target reflection to predict signal levels for energy detection systems. Recently, systems have evolved to exploit more advancd signal processing concepts that have established a new set of scientific issues. Accordingly, underwater acoustics research has been focused on time/frequency/spatial distribution of energy, temporal, and spatial coherence of signals and background, and a broader scope of complex env...


Spain has old and complex legislation with regard to water, which has recently undergone some modification (the 1999 Act). The water market has been introduced, with emphasis on environmental protection aspects, while continuing traditional management through hydro basins. The current state of evolution in water law is one of vagueness, with contrasting lines of tension; in some, the old type of focus predominates but there are others in which the so-called new water culture can be detected. The National Hydrological Plan (with its proposal for a major inter-basin transfer) and the application of European Community law (water framework directive) are going to set the trail for development over the next few years, and this will resolve the above-mentioned lines of tension.