Even before the Loyalists were rediscovered in the •96os, Jonathan Boucher was no stranger to revolutionary scholars. There were few characteristics usually associated with Toryism for which Boucher could not be used as a convenient example. He was English-born; an Anglican minister, active in the movement for an American bishop; a political conservative at best, a Filmerite, at worst; and last, but probably not least, the author of both an autobiography and a history of the revolution that made him easily quotable in passing by scholars little interested in Loyalists for their own sake. Thus, unlike most Loyalists, Boucher was not consigned to oblivion. But, as Anne Zimmer notes, he paid a heavy price for this notice: his position on almost all matters has been distorted or misunderstood.


Owing to the limitations of the commonly used water-body information picking up methods in picking-up small water bodies, this paper introduces a new water body information picking-up method. First, the formula TM 2 + TM 3 + TM 4 + TM 5 was used to pick up reservoirs, ponds and broad rivers. Then the false color synthesized map composed of the 3 band waves was converted into HIS colorful space to construct a model to pick up small water-bodies. Finally, the results of the two methods were integrated and thus the water-bodies can be picked up completely. This method improves the accuracy of small water-body picking-up.


Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the broad range of hardware, software, network infrastructure and media that enable the processing, storage and sharing of information and communication both among humans and computers, locally and globally. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a merger of computing and telecommunication technologies for information acquisition, retrieval, and dissemination. Agriculture constantly experiences advances in technology. Recently, the use of information technologies (IT), such as e-mail and the World Wide Web, has become commonplace. Information technologies afford the agriculture industry the opportunity to increase information flow to all industry participants at a decreased cost. The agricultural extension mechanism is becoming dependent on IT to provide appropriate and location specific technologies for the farmers to furnish timely and proficient advice to the farmers IT can be a best mean not only to develop agricultural extension but also to expand agriculture research and education system. The crop forecasting, input management, command area management, watershed management, land and water resources development, drinking water potential mapping precision management, natural disaster management, fishery management , hill area development and postharvest management are the key areas, where Information Technology can play its imperative impact.


The Korumburra Revitalisation Project is a combined project of the Korumburra Railway Station Land redevelopment and town centre upgrade. It also includes the development of a new Community Hub.


The preparation of a study timetable (or schedule) depends on the school or university for which it is made and on the specific work practices applied in this educational institution. The preparation of a school timetable in a school or university aims to plan for the conduct of classes in certain academic disciplines for a certain period of time, while optimally engaging the classrooms and professors available for the relevant period.
The aim of this paper is to provide a mathematical model for rationality in planning a study timetable. This mean to make forecast on whether the accepted number of students, organised in groups, could be instructed during defined period of time in the available classrooms in the educational institution. The developed model aims to make better use of available classrooms and places for students in them. Calculating a rationality ratio will give the educational institution an idea of the:

 Need for more classrooms;
 Need to extend the study period (number of days for the planned semester)
 Need for more optimal planning of the study timetable and better use to the rooms.

The prepared model also includes a coefficient of specific rationality, in case the educational institution has classrooms of different capacities - for lectures and practical exercises.
The developed mathematical model can be useful to higher education institutions for the purpose of planning their educational activity and it can be applied before the actual process of planning a study schedule.
The data used and calculations results serve as the basis for an in-depth analysis related to the requirements for the educational process and the opportunities provided by the educational institution.


The combustion of two agricultural residues, grape and olive bagasses, has been studied. The influence of oxygen partial pressure and gas flow rate have been analysed. The analysis of residual gases, mainly containing CO and CO 2 , shows that there are two successive stages or effects owing to the combustions of volatile compounds and solid. Oxygen partial pressure has a pronounced influence on the temperatures at which combustion effects are observed. In fact, both temperatures of combustion coincide when oxygen partial pressure is higher than 5 x 10 4 Pa. For each run, curves of weight loss and differential weight loss have been followed. From a kinetic model proposed (first and nth-reaction order, between 0.87 and 0.84, with respect to the solid and oxygen, respectively), the activation energy of combustion was found to be between 82.6 and 89.3 kJ mol -1 .


Abstract What is the local? This is one of the most controversial questions the local turn in peacebuilding faces. For some, the local refers to institutions and social movements, while others understand it as networks or processes in flux. Critics argue, among other points, that this literature tends to reify an international-local binary, whereas others emphasize the incoherence of adopting anti-foundationalist ontologies while defending the possibility of emancipation. In this article, I discuss these subjects through the lens of Ernesto Laclau's political theory and propose to frame the local as a form of non-essentialist collective identity. To do this, I review recent contributions to the local turn and identify some of its controversies. Considering the theoretical lacuna found, I propose Laclaunian concepts, such as the people, antagonism, and hegemony, as conceptual alternatives. Finally, I present some consequences to the study of peacebuilding which this type of discussion might open.


Theorem 1.1 (Hardy). Let f : R→ C be measurable and for all x, y (i) |f (x)| ≤ Ce 2 , (ii) |f̂ (y)| ≤ Ce 2 , where C, a, b > 0. If ab > 1 then f = 0 almost everywhere. If ab = 1 then f (x) = Ce 2 . Ifab < 1 then there exist infinitely many linearly independent functions satisfying (i) and (ii). Considerable attention has recently been paid to discover analogues of Hardy's theorem in the context of Lie groups ([28, 27, 5, 1, 16, 25, 24, 12, 8, 22]). Coming back to R, we see that the decay conditions can be stated as ‖eaπf ‖L∞(R) <∞ and ‖ebπ f̂ ‖L∞(R) <∞, where ek(x) = e 2 . So one reasonable question is to ask: what happens if ‖eaπf ‖Lp(R) < ∞ and ‖ebπ f̂ ‖Lq(R) < ∞, where 1 ≤ p, q < ∞? The answer is given by the following theorem due to Cowling and Price ([6]).


Golgi and ultrastructural features of mature and developing dendrites of cerebellar stellate and basket neurons were analyzed in relation to the genesis of parallel fibers in a timed series of rhesus monkeys. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the mature molecular layer demonstrates differences in dendritic patterns and systematic decreases in the volume of dendritic distribution from deep to superficially situated interneurons.


The invention discloses a method for identifying sympathetic inrush current and fault current in transformer protection, and solves a difficult problem in accurate identification of the fault current and the sympathetic inrush current of a transformer. When any one of A phase difference current, B phase difference current and C phase difference current is not lower than a difference current setting value delta I of the transformer, a difference delta S between the high-voltage-side secondary current area Sy(high voltage side) of the transformer and the medium-voltage-side secondary current area Sy(medium voltage side) of the transformer is calculated; when the area difference delta S between the high-voltage-side secondary current area Sy(high voltage side) and the medium-voltage-side secondary current area Sy(medium voltage side) is greater than a current area difference setting value of the difference between the high-voltage-side secondary current area and the medium-voltage-side secondary current area, and a difference between a fundamental wave phase angle of high-voltage-side secondary current and a fundamental wave phase angle of medium-voltage-side secondary current is not greater than 90 degrees, the current of the transformer is the external fault current or the sympathetic inrush current. The method can be used for accurately identifying the fault current and the sympathetic inrush current of the transformer, so that false operation of differential protection of the transformer is avoided and normal running of main equipment of a power grid is guaranteed.


Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a superficial lymphatic malformation presenting with grouped translucent vesicles that often contain blood. In the past, several treatment modalities have been described. Here, we report for the first time on treatment with an intense pulsed light source that led to good cosmetic results.


The chapter considers the origin and meaning of "natural law" and "natural rightness," the core of right conduct, whose origin is sometimes placed in the cogito. This chapter emphasizes, instead, the role of contextual "relationality" in rules, whether "positive" social norms or "divine" rules, such as the Mosaic "laws" which were not imposed unilaterally by a divine potentate but reflected the people's experience and "common sense" of right conduct. The chapter extends this argument to the work of Thomas Hobbes for whom transit from the "state of nature" to the "civil state" depended on reciprocal and relational "natural laws," which he called "immutable and eternal" because they originate at the experiential boundary between life and death. Relationality prevails even when human norms are set aside in favor of "higher" rules—as revealed by Antigone of Thebes who appealed beyond state rules to the relationality between brother and sister.


Many project (such ESCO or BRP) are being implemented for existing building energy saving. Most of medium or large building that use many energy being implemented this project. In the case of large or medium building must implement obligatorily Energy auditing. Therefore, They can be recognize their building energy consumption situation. But, In the case of small building don't need obligatorily energy auditing. Therefore, They can't be recognize their building energy consumption situation. As a result, Small buildings are difficult to participate in energy efficiency retrofit. In this research, Building owners of buildings energy load recognition and energy efficiency retrofit possible participation was analysis though survey. Survey results, Most building owners don't know building energy load. But they have a good mind to retrofit building energy efficiency. As a result, If they have energy load information, they will be participate energy efficiency retrofit.


Modeling of solute transport through fractured rock is an important aspect of many disciplines including groundwater contamination, radioactive and nuclear waste disposal. Several studies have been conducted on fracturematrix coupled system using parallel plate model and recently solute and thermal transport has been numerically modeled. The effect of nonlinear sorption has been studied using the sinusoidal fracture geometry. The results suggest as the sorption intensity reduces, the sorption becomes more favorable and the concentration along the fracture reduces. The sorption intensity has a negligible effect with increase in fracture aperture and the sorption of solutes to the fracture surface is significant for large fracture apertures unlike the parallel plate model due to the curvature of the sinusoidal fracture.


email@example.com w e wat c h t h e l o g s s c r o l l b y, u s e r s in the offices surrounding us using VPN to access specific ports on the specific servers they need in the server room based on business roles that apply to them. My mind shifts down one level. The gateway device allows them access to the Internet, where they loop back to the public VPN endpoint for this building. PKI and LDAP Bind authenticate them to the VPN endpoint, and it creates packet filter rules for them based on the outcome of LDAP queries, loads their rules to the VPN users' PF anchor, and hands them routes to privileged internal subnets. This is the kind of interaction that makes my frontal lobes buzz. Lots of pieces, lots of layers. Physical, logical, human, abstract; lots of things to understand—no, lots of ways to understand, and we do, because we built it.


The chromogenE synthetic medium «Klebsiella 5-ASK CHROM-C» was developedfor isolation and identification of klebsiellae of species of K.pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, K.oxytoca, K.mobilis according chromogenic reaction to enzyme 5-aminosalycilate decarboxylase as a unique marker of genus Klebsiella. The L-proline and L-calcium glutamate are used as a source of nitrogen and carbon in medium. The consistency of composition of growth medium that ensure its regularity. The diagnostic sensitivity of chromogenic medium is 95.3±1.7%; diagnostic specificity is 100%; analytical sensitivity is 1-2 colony-forming units per ml-1. The identification of Klebsiella is achieved simultaneously with their isolation during 24=48 hours. The test of 5-ASK decarboxylase using two chromogenic mediums «Klebsiella 5-ASK CHROM-C» permits identifying additionally K.pneumoniae subsp, ozaenae, K.pneumoniae subsp. Rhinoscleromatis.


We consider an (n−k+1)-out-of-n system with component lifetimes being correlated. The main objective of this paper is to study the conditional residual lifetime of an (n−k+1)-out-of-n system, given that at a fixed time a certain number of components have failed, assuming that the component lifetimes follow a multivariate Erlang mixture. Comparison studies of the stochastic ordering of the (n−k+1)-out-ofn system are presented. Several examples are presented to illustrate and confirm our results. AMS subject classifications: 62G03, 62P30, 62H20


House/Lights, adapted from Gertrude Stein's Dr. Faustus Lights the Lights, directed by Elizabeth LeCompte, The Wooster Group at The Performing Garage, New York; Cab Legs (A Work in Progress), directed by John Collins, head writer/co-director Steve Bodow, Elevator Repair Service, Performance Space 122, New York; Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde, written and directed by Moises Kaufman, Tectonic Theater Project, Minetta Lane Theater, New York; Shopping and Fucking, a play by Mark Ravenhill, directed by Gemma Bodinetz and Max StaffordClark, The New York Theatre Company, New York. All performances from the 1997-98 season.


New results on the planar growth of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at low temperatures will be reported. Optimizing catalyst, catalyst support, and growth parameters yields SWCNTs at temperatures as low as 600 °C. Growth at such low temperatures largely affects the diameter distribution since coalescence of the catalyst is suppressed. A phenomenological growth model will be suggested for CVD growth at low temperatures. The model takes into account surface diffusion and is an alternative to the bulk diffusion based vapor‐liquid‐solid (VLS) model. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes field effect transistors based on substrate grown SWCNTs will be presented. In these devices good contact resistances could be achieved by electroless metal deposition or metal evaporation of the contacts.


Background: Zumba® Fitness is a popular aerobic exercise and sometimes due to its high-intensity is considered sufficient for weight management , , from both trainers and trainees , , regardless of the type of diet followed. Its effectiveness in weight and body fat loss , , with or without dietary intervention has been slightly studied. Subjects and Methods : In the current randomized controlled trial , , thirty two healthy adult overweight women who attended exclusively Zumba® fitness for three times per week , , were randomly divided into 3 subgroups and received parallel dietary advice for two months: Group A did not receive dietary intervention (control group) , . Group B received general healthy eating guidelines based on the Mediterranean pyramid and the food plate model and Group C individualized diet plan according anthropometric characteristics , , lifestyle , , and dietary habits. A Food Frequency Questionnaire used at baseline to assess dietary habits before the study , , and three 24-hour recalls evaluated compliance upon dietary intervention. Results : Significant reductions in body weight , , fat , , hip and waist circumference revealed in Group C , and in body fat of Group B. Conclusions : Zumba® fitness is enjoyable and could be used to enhance weight loss with appropriate dietary individualized advice in overweight subjects. In parallel , . it could be effective when combined with healthy eating guidance for improving fat loss and general well being.


One method of determining the additional correction for presbyopia suggests leaving a percentage of the amplitude of accommodation in reserve. The rationale for this assumption seems logical because using all of the available accommodation is not sustainable without discomfort. However there is no empirical evidence indicating what percentage of the amplitude of accommodation should actually be left in reserve. Common figures adopted have been one‐half and one‐third. In this investigation the percentage of accommodation used is deduced mathematically after having determined the following:


3,768,760 10/1973 Jensen ............................ 428/174 X 4,621,980 1 1/1986 Reavely et al. ..................... 416/226 Kuang-Ming Wu, 1321 Timberly La., 4,882,230 1/1989 Warner ............. . 428/516 4,946,721 8/1990 Kinderwater et al. ............. 428/36.1 5,126,190 6/1992 Sakatani et al...................... 428/225 Primary Examiner-Paul J. Thibodeau Assistant Examiner-H. Thi Lé 57 ABSTRACT The present invention pertains to the layup of laminates that possesses i. concomitant stiffness isotropy in extension, shear, bending, and twisting; and ii. identical stiffness anisotropy in extension and bending as well as in shear and twisting. Although both laminate layups have distinctive applica tions as load-carrying structures, the approaches and models that generate these layups are closely related.


ABSTRACT Older adults are significantly slower than young adults in the naming response in the Stroop Color Word Interference Test. Hypotheses attempting to explain this age-relFted difference in a perceptual-cognitive task have included orthogenic principle, response-competition, and cautiousness. This study examines whether there azia any significant performance differences on the Stroop test by cautious or "risky" older adults. Participants (N -41) were older adults ranging in age from 55 to 81. All participants were administered the Stroop Test and the Hand Test. In the Stroop Test subjects responded to stimuli by naming a color or color word as fast as possible. Participants were categorized as cautious or risky on the basis of the Hand Test. Analysis did not show slower response time for cautious adults. Data suggested that cautiousness increased with age and was manifested more in terms of fewer errors of commission per unit of time than in speed of response. These findings suggest that risky adults may encode stimulus information repeatedly before retrieving a response and that cautious adults might be slower in encoding information but have a higher probability of retrieving a c'orrect response. (ABL)


This article uses a critical evaluation of research on student misconceptions in science and mathematics to articulate a constructivist view of learning in which student conceptions play productive roles in the acquisition of expertise. We acknowledge and build on the empirical results of misconceptions research but question accompanying views of the character, origins, and growth of students' conceptions. Students have often been viewed as holding flawed ideas that are strongly held, that interfere with learning, and that instruction must confront and replace. We argue that this view overemphasizes the discontinuity between students and expert scientists and mathematicians, making the acquisition of expertise difficult to conceptualize. It also conflicts with the basic premise of constructivism: that students build more advanced knowledge from prior understandings. Using case analyses, we dispute some commonly cited dimensions of discontinuity and identify important continuities that were previously igno...


IVe report 12 species of copepods from the lagune Ebrie, bringing the total number of species known from this environment, after correction of some misidentifications in the literature, to a minimum of 30. Apocyclops panamensis is a first record for Africa. Onychocamptus chathamensis is a first record for the IVe.4African toast.


A technique for monitoring the flow rate of granular materials and liquids using Doppler effect is dealt with both theoretically and experimentally. Two methods are used and comparison between them is drawn. The method used is more practical than conventional methods (e.g. obstruction meters and turbine meters) in the sense that it does not obstruct the flow of material, change the flow pattern and assist the formation of blockages.The technique is applicable in wide variety of conveying systems where the material is conveyed on a belt or falls freely under gravity.


Objective: To study the clinical profile of subjects and indications of Gynaecological Hysterectomy in a tertiary care
centre of South Gujarat.Methods:An observational study was conducted by collecting data from medical records of 126
consecutive subjects undergoing hysterectomy for gynaecological reasons in a tertiary care centre over a period of 12
months.Results: 61% of subjects were between 40-60 years of age.50% had studied upto primary schooling,46% were
illiterate.52% had Abnormal uterine Bleeding and the commonest indication for hysterectomy was symptomatic fibroid
uterus in 31.74% subjects. Conclusion: As Hysterectomy being a surgical procedure,it is associated with its own risks
and complications,hence it is important to evaluate the patient properly,monitor and regulate the use of Hysterectomy
particularly for the management of Benign gynaecological conditions.


Measures of high school achievement and scholastic aptitude are often used to predict college freshman grades. Are these predictions biased for members of ethnic minorities? Majority freshmen in a large state university in one year were used to develop a regression equation for predicting first-semester grade point average from high school grade point average and College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. This majority-based equation was used to make predictions in ethnic minority groups of Asian, Hispanic, black, and American Indian students in two successive freshman classes. If unbiased, the predictions would have been (1) at the correct level of achievement in each group, and (2) of equal accuracy in each group. Predictive bias in the form of small but significant over prediction did occur, except among American Indians. Possible bias in predictive accuracy was made difficult to detect because the prediction error variances were moderately high in all ethnic groups in both years. Total error variances were slightly larger in the black and Hispanic minority groups than in the other minority groups, although only a single significant difference was found.


Authors speak about theory of the information convergence in the systems based upon the economics' assimetric information theory, sociological theories of social systems by N. Luhmann and theory of communicative acts by Ju. Habermas. There is an attempt maid to reconsider the role of information convergence in the state system's functioning. Under the convergence of the information systems we mean that information interpenetration of provoking a global system for the reorganization, and this is not due to asymmetric information, and due to its excess. The authors come to the conclusion that in the modern globalizing world the American metasystem is dependent on the systems of other levels. There is a certain fatigue of the meta is taken from the burden of responsibility for the world. This meta-increasingly begins to transmit positive and negative information, destabilizing the international situation, multiplying the conflicts and exacerbating the chaos.


Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. Though historically being considered as a part of the innate immune system, NK cells exhibit adaptive features and can 'remember' stimuli like inflammation or viral infection and hence are capable of responding more robustly upon re-encountering the stimulation. Successful design of an NK cell-based therapy would ideally rely on harnessing NK cell memory, the key drivers and regulators of which remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1α and its substrate transcription factor XBP1 drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mTOR pathway. Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. NK cells with c-Myc haploinsufficency phenocopied IRE1α deficiency, while c-Myc overexpression largely rescued the proliferation defect in IRE1α−/− NK cells. Like c-Myc, IRE1α also promotes oxidative phosphorylation in NK cells. Combined, our study identifies an IRE1α-XBP1-cMyc axis in NK cell immunity; and based on this work, we are currently investigating the role of IRE1 in NK cell memory using novel transgenic mouse models and small molecule drug treatment in primary human cells. We are also evaluating the therapeutic benefit of manipulating IRE1 function in CAR-NK cells to treat cancer. Our ongoing study should advance the current knowledge of NK cell memory and also open new opportunities in cancer therapy for patients with otherwise extremely poor prognoses.


 Step 2  Under FORUM INFORMATION provide a name and optional description  down to FORUM SETTINGS and the radio button for "Grade Discussion Forum: Points possible:" and enter 100 for the number of points possible.  Also in FORUM SETTINGS, check the box next to "Allow Author to Edit Own Published Posts."  the Submit button after you complete the settings.  your newly created forum to enter it.


Inflation is an important indicator of the macroeconomic situation of each country. It is an essential characteristic of the living standards of the population, and its constant study, the identification of problems as well as the search for solutions are simply a necessity. In this context, it is also vital to understand what inflation is like in certain directions of consumption, because in this way it is possible to assess what are significant factors that determine inflation and negative characteristics that affect living standards. For this purpose, the paper addresses the issue of the inflation in consumption directions.


China had already invented the water-propelled large spinning wheel as early as the Yuan Dynasty, but it is not until 16th century that Arkwright had invented water-propelled spinning frame in the United Kingdom. The difference between the two is that Chinese water-propelled large spinning wheel is more than 300 years ahead of Britain's invention, but Chinese water-propelled large spinning wheel didn't trigger an industrial revolution like Britain. Through inspection of Chinese water rights system and cotton yarn production system, this article believed that among the factors that influenced the development of the water-propelled large wheel in ancient Chinese society, not only the technical factors played an important role, but also the water rights system for heavy shipping, irrigation and the cotton yarn production system based on rural sideline industries seriously obstructed the use of the water-propelled large wheel and emergence the industrial revolution in China.


The present invention discloses a support device for a display apparatus having an improved structure so that the space between the walls and maximize utilization of the display device. Means for supporting said display device comprising: a support coupled to the plurality of rear surface of the projection display apparatus; a plurality of walls secured to a first support panel; and are rotatably connected to the plurality of first supporting panel two support panel, each of the second support panel having a receiving area, a plurality of support protrusions that are received in corresponding to said receiving region.


The discovery in the late 1960s of the linear heat flow-heat production relationship was a major advance in the understanding of the thermal structure of continents. However, although heat flow provinces have now been defined in all continents except Antarctica, the full implications of the relationship to deep thermal structure and the limitations of the relationship to applications in all terranes are not yet clear. In addition, despite major advances in the geochemical factors controlling the distribution of heat production in the crust, a geochemical rationale for the relationship is lacking. The relationship was originally interpreted in terms of one-dimensional models, but new two- and three-dimensional model studies suggest more complex interpretations in terms of lower crustal heat flow. Contributions to these problems in this special issue represent new observational, geochemical and modeling studies of the relationship and a renewed attempt to understand the thermal and geochemical implications of the relationship.


Stereo Particle Image velocimetry data was collected over high aspect ratio flexible cylinders (L/a = 1.5 to 3 × 105 ) to evaluate the axial development of the turbulent boundary layer where the boundary layer thickness becomes significantly larger than the cylinder diameter (δ/a>>1). The flexible cylinders are approximately neutrally buoyant and have an initial length of 152 m and radii of 0.45 mm and 1.25 mm. The cylinders were towed at speeds ranging from 3.8 to 15.4 m/sec in the David Taylor Model Basin. The analysis of the SPIV data required a several step procedure to evaluate the cylinder boundary flow. First, the characterization of the flow field from the towing strut is required. This evaluation provides the residual mean velocities and turbulence levels caused by the towing hardware at each speed and axial location. These values, called tare values, are necessary for comparing to the cylinder flow results. Second, the cylinder flow fields are averaged together and the averaged tare fields are subtracted out to remove strut-induced ambient flow effects. Prior to averaging, the cylinder flow fields are shifted to collocate the cylinder within the field. Since the boundary layer develops slowly, all planes of data occurring within each 10 meter increment of the cylinder length are averaged together to produce the mean boundary layer flow. Corresponding fields from multiple runs executed using the same experimental parameters are also averaged. This flow is analyzed to evaluate the level of axisymmetry in the data and determine if small changes in cylinder angle affect the mean flow development. With axisymmetry verified, the boundary flow is further averaged azimuthally around the cylinder to produce mean boundary layer profiles. Finally, the fluctuating velocity levels are evaluated for the flow with the cylinder and compared to the fluctuating velocity levels in the tare data. This paper will first discuss the data analysis techniques for the tare data and the averaging methods implemented. Second, the data analysis considerations will be presented for the cylinder data and the averaging and cylinder tracking techniques. These results are used to extract relevant boundary layer parameters including δ, δ* and θ. Combining these results with wall shear and momentum thickness values extracted from averaged cylinder drag data, the boundary layer can be well characterized.© 2007 ASME


The combined reference and consultation network is currently in the domestic cooperation digital reference fields have a larger effect.After the combined reference and consultation network use,in the paper.I studied the system,elaborated the basic frame of the system,function and development status.


Based on the integrated coefficient measured data within the 1-20 micron wave-length range for the reflection at layers with various thicknesses the optical parameters (absorbance and dispersion factors) are defined for aluminum-oxide ceramics. On base of this investigation the spectral emissivity of the optional thick layers of the material is defined. According to the literature data on the sapphire's absorption factor temperature dependence the temperature dependence of the spectral and total emissivity for alumino-oxide ceramics is simulated. The data obtained can be used in the thermo-physical studying. Ill. 3. Ref. 8.


A history is given of the establishment of the "international" system of electrical units, its operation during the interval 1911 to 1947, inclusive, and of the developments that caused it to be superseded. It includes a record of the international comparisons, which indicated that the units of some countries have at times drifted nearly 0.01 percent from the mean, an account of the maintenance procedures used at the National Bureau of Standards, and brief descriptions of the methods currently available for the absolute measurement of resistance and of current, which will be used in the future as a check on the maintenance


Seventeen insecticide treatments were applied June 21'77 to a four year old bluegrass commercial sod field that was moderately infested with leafhoppers. Treatment plots were 20 x 20 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Granular treatment of Mocap 5G was applied by hand shaker can; the remaining materials were applied by a drop type lawn spreader. Sprayable treatments were applied with a 'sulky' type CO2 boom sprayer at a rate of 30 gpa. The Orthene treatment was dispensed by a home garden pump sprayer. Plots were evaluated on June 23'77 by making 10 short pendular sweeps (12 inch dia net) per plot. Both adult and nymph counts were combined for analysis.


We study the effect of a single nonmagnetic impurity in AyFe2−xSe2 (A = K, Rb, or Cs) superconductors by considering various pairing states based on a three-orbital model consistent with the photoemission experiments. The local density of states on and near the impurity site has been calculated by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations self-consistently. The impurity-induced in-gap bound states are found only for attractive impurity scattering potential, as in the cases of doping of Co or Ni, which is characterized by the strong particle-hole asymmetry, in the nodeless dx2−y2 wave pairing state. This property may be used to probe the pairing symmetry of FeSe-based 122-type superconductors.


3D object detection based on LiDAR point cloud has gained more and more attention from industry and academia. Most of the previous works are carried out on the KITTI dataset, which has the gap with real-world scenes in terms of data size and distribution. Faced with large-scale datasets, existing methods have encountered with some problems, especially in the detection of difficult targets and heading prediction. In this paper, we design an integrated framework to improve 3D object detection accuracy targeting on large-scale datasets. We explore data augmentation methods from the perspective of data-rich scenes. Two well-designed auxiliary losses are introduced into our framework to relieve the problem caused by the diversity of points density and distribution. To promote the performance of heading prediction, the existing heading classifier is replaced by our novel dual heading classifier. Experiments on the largest and most realistic 3D object detection benchmark of Waymo Open Dataset show that our integrated framework boosts the detection accuracy for a large margin.


Conductive fibers are vital for next‐generation wearable and implantable electronics. However, the mismatch of mechanical, electrical, and biological properties between existing conductive fibers and human tissues significantly retards their further development. Here, the concept of neuro‐like fibers to meet these aforementioned requirements is proposed. A new wet spinning process is established to continuously produce pure gelatin hydrogel fibers. The key is the controllable and rapid gelation of spinning solutions based on the salting‐out effect, which is inspired by the Chinese food tofu. The resultant fibers exhibit neuro‐like features of soft‐while‐strong mechanical properties, high ionic conductivity, and superior biological properties including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and edibility, which are crucial for implanted applications but seldom reported. Furthermore, all‐weather suitable neuro‐like fibers with excellent anti‐freezing and water retention properties are developed by introducing glycerol for wearable applications. The optical fiber, transient electronics, and electronic data glove made of neuro‐like fibers profoundly demonstrate their potential in biomedical applications.


Literature and photography have always encouraged critics to explore interactions between text and image. Within the scope of culture, they also show significant potential in terms of their scholarly application, since the photograph becomes a practical tool for studying literary works within the cultural matrix. The paper aims to use this means of visualisation in order to examine the picture bride phenomenon illustrated in Yoshiko Uchida's novel Picture Bride (1987), which reveals that behind the veil of apparently prosperous and lifelong marriages, there is a harsh matchmaking system which—solely on the basis of personal networking and Japanese marriage intermediaries—allows for shipping prospective wives from Japan to Japanese immigrants who settled in the United States a few decades earlier. Thus, the photograph constitutes a tool of analysis, which doubles as a tangible means of representation and a factual visualisation of metacognitive imagery.


This paper considers the formal analysis of particles. It first defines the notion of particle in question, then looks at particles in English, German and Japanese and some formal analyses that have been proposed for them. Finally, it examines some general questions related to particle meaning involving meaning types and restrictions on distribution.


This paper proposes an improved lattice-reduction aided (LRA) MMSE detection scheme, based on the Gram-Schmidt (GS) procedure. The proposed scheme reduces the column vectors of the MIMO channel matrix, by using the LLL algorithm followed by the GS procedure in order to transform the channel matrix into a new one which has mutually purely orthogonal column vectors. Compared to the conventional LRA MMSE detector, the proposed detector achieves a very good BER performance, almost equivalent to those using the ML detector in the 4 × 4 MIMO system at the cost of a slightly larger computational complexity.


In real world, the long sequence prediction of industry kinetic energy index is crucial, which can provide reference for business expansion and risk prevention in the company energy service. However, the existing time-series prediction methods suffer from high time and space cost, the decline of prediction speed, and the difficulty in solving long-term dependence under the long time-series forcast setting. In view of this, we propose a Stacked Transformer consists of stacked encoder and a sequence decoder. Specifically, we split the long time-series sequence into several short sequences, then learn the local and global information of the sequence by stacked encoder to solve the long-range dependency problem. The short sequence contains the position, time, and feature information of the sequence. In addition, fully connected layer efficiently predicts future sequence by one forward operation rather than a step-by-step way.


It describes the development of the step-punching CAPP system with Visual Basic 6.0. This system can exchange the data between the CAPP and the CAD as well as t he NC software. An introduction on the system functions and the main constructio n models are presented in details.


Literature is replete with evidence of deforestation of the tropical forest. In Nigeria, studies on deforestation also abound. This report, which is built on the government forests in South West Nigeria attempts to provide a basic linkage between deforestation and endangered indigenous tree species. Endangered indigenous forest trees in South West Nigeria are further threatened by lack of commitment and business as usual. Deforestation is highly severe and this continues unabated. The stock of the forest is depleted by agents such as saw millers and fuel wood gatherers. They constitute 42% of the agents of deforestation. On the scale of threat, Miliciaspecies comes first with a level of 26, followed by Triplochyton scleroxylon with 20 on the threat incident scale while Khaya species and Mansonia species comes next with a threat incident level of 17. The ratio of regeneration in general is, one cut to two replenishment but the replenishment is based on coppicing, which limits the power of the forest to replace lost volumes. Deforestation apart from its direct effect on endangered indigenous tree species impacts negatively on food supply, soil and landscape of South West Nigeria. For improvement to be engendered in the Zone, more Education is needed for the entire citizenry on the need to conserve the endangered species as well as making sure that forest policies are well fashioned out and followed to the latter, to safeguard the tree species from extinction.

 Key words: Deforestation, endangered species, non-timber forest products, greenhouse, depletion.


We propose a scheme to add/subtract excitations to/from an arbitrary quantum state or the harmonic oscillator. The method displaces the photon-number distribution and leaves its shape unchanged for a wide range of displacements. Mathematically this is realized by the action of phase operators of the Susskind-Glogower type onto the initial quantum state. Consequently, the shape of the phase distribution is preserved unless the number statistics are modified due to displacing it by subtraction onto the vacuum state. Starting with an initially coherent state one may realize pure quantum states displaying either amplitude or phase squeezing. The implementation of the method is based on interactions of the Jaynes-Cummings type, in the case of subtracting quanta one additionally needs to perform measurements on the electronic quantum state of the atoms. Our approach could be used for adding and subtracting both photons on a cavity field and motional quanta of a trapped ion.


Thank you for reading media and the path to peace. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this media and the path to peace, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their computer. media and the path to peace is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the media and the path to peace is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The fatigue of notched components is of main importance for industrial applications. In the case of casting materials, fatigue initiation is governed by micro defects with sizes ranging from the grain size to 100 times the grain size. In this paper, the comparison is done between a notch and a defect in order to evaluate the possibility to consider the defect as a notch. Furthermore, the problem of gradient and size effect under multiaxial loading is discussed. A numerical analysis has been carried out with the commercial finite element program system ANSYS to estimate the stress fields around circumferential notches and spherical defects of different sizes. A relevant multiaxial endurance criterion based on the concept of elastic shakedown occurring at all the scales (from the mesoscopic to the macroscopic scale) was then used to define the fatigue strength conditions. It is well known that components can show a large stress gradient at the notch tip. It becomes zero when going inside the material far from the notch. This gradient must be properly evaluated and taken into account because it is known to be benificial to the fatigue strength. More exactly, from the spatial stress component evolutions along the distance from the notch tip, one must define the real gradient effect. It is shown in this work that the gradient acts mainly on the spherical part of the stress tensor through the hydrostatic stress. The multiaxial endurance criterion makes then appear a dependence on the spatial gradient of the maximum value of the hydrostatic stress over a loading period. The gradient effect is experimentally estimated by tests carried out on a mild steel. Two different stress concentrator geometries are investigated: a circumferential notch of different radius in a smooth cylindrical specimen and a spherical defect of different size also introduced at the surface of a smooth cylindrical specimen. For the two cases, the fatigue limits and the related gradient effects have been estimated for different loading modes. The size effect related to these experiments is also discussed.


The problem of a heated gas at rest in contact with a cold wall has applications in shock tubes when a shock wave reflects at the end wall. A boundary layer arises that can be solved for constant conditions outside the boundary layer. In this paper, this condition is relaxed and the gas is permitted to undergo variations of pressure.

The equation has been derived for the boundary layer under those conditions, and a similarity solution was found for isentropic variations of a perfect gas outside the boundary layer. This solution is only valid for a temperature of the gas much greater than the temperature of the wall, unless the latter would follow a determined variation with time. Two cases were studied; one with thermal conductivity of the gas proportional to a power of the temperature, and the other with conductivity proportional to temperature. In the first case, an integral method has to be used, which gives an excellent approximation. For the second case, the solution is worked out either by similarity procedures or by series expansions.

Heat transfer and temperature in the boundary layer are seen to depend on the pressure, which acts like a weighting factor on time.

For ionized gases, two cases were considered; frozen and equilibrium flow. Similarity solutions do not exist for variable pressure outside the boundary layer unless the variations of pressure with time are small enough. In this case, pressure acts again like a weighting factor on time, although the variations outside the boundary layer cannot be assumed isentropic anymore. At the same time, new equations for the equilibrium boundary layer were derived, in which the excited state of ions and atoms is taken into account.

The effect of the weighting factor of the pressure is applied to explain the experimental results obtained at the end wall of a shock tube, giving explanation to certain differences between experiment and theory.


How to determine the properties of soil sliding zone and the location of sliding plane accurately in the course of landslides investigation is a difficult problem. The structural features of landslide body and soil properties in sliding zone of Xietan landslide on Three-Gorges Reservoir are introduced in this paper. Stria, mirrors and casts of gravels can be clearly bound in soil of sliding zone of Xietan landslide, and even mylonitic and re-cementation of soil can be also found in the sliding zone. Furthermore, landslide-influenced zone was observed under the sliding zone of Xietan landslide. The soil properties in sliding zone of Xietan landslide are very typical, so it is helpful for identifying sliding plane in practice.


—Neuropeptides exert their diverse biological effects by interacting with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review we address the question, What regulates the ability of a target cell, in particular a neuron, to respond to a neuropep-tide? Available evidence from studies of many GPCRs in reconstituted systems and transfected cell lines indicates that much of this regulation occurs at the level of the receptor and serves to alter the capacity of the receptor to bind ligands with high affinity and to couple to heterotrimeric G proteins. Although some of the knowledge gained from these studies is applicable to the regulation of neuropeptide receptors on neurons, at present there are far more questions than answers. NEUROPEPTIDES REGULATE multiple cell types in the gastrointestinal tract and participate in the control of all aspects of digestive function in health and disease states. They exert their diverse biological effects by interacting with members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Communication between a peptidergic nerve and a target cell requires release of the neuropeptide into the interstitial fluid after stimulation of a reflex pathway, diffusion of the peptide to the target cell (which may include another neuron or an epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle, or immune cell), interaction between the neuropeptide and the cell surface GPCR, and finally, appropriate coupling of the activated receptor to heterotrimeric G proteins that transduce the signal, triggering the cells to secrete, contract, or divide. At each of these steps there is ample opportunity for regulation and integration of the signal. What regulates the ability of a target cell, in particular a neuron, to respond to a neuropeptide? Assuming that the neuropeptide is appropriately released from a nerve and is at a sufficiently high concentration in the extracellular fluid, a simplistic view is that signaling requires interaction of the neuropeptide with a GPCR at the plasma membrane that is in a high-affinity state and appropriately coupled to the machinery of signal transduction. But what determines whether the receptor is appropriately located at the plasma membrane in the vicinity of a peptidergic nerve fiber? What governs the ability of a GPCR to bind to a neuropeptide? And how is the interaction between the agonist-occupied receptor and the heterotrimeric G proteins regulated? In an attempt to answer these questions, we discuss some of the events that alter receptor function after neuropeptide binding and signaling. Biological responses to GPCR agonists are …


Never before in human history has per capita income been so high and the percentage of poor people in the global population so low. Not only got »the rich« richer: Efforts to reduce absolute poverty were particularly successful, incomes at the bottom of the global distribution pyramid grew significantly over 25 years, and so did the physical quality of life of the poorest 40% of the world's people. Success in poverty alleviation brought about some improvements in global income distribution, developed countries as a whole suffered a worsening of income distribution due to globalization impact or technology change. (The World Bank 2017; Kharas & Seidel 2018).


This paper is based on texture recognition and heterogeneous database of concrete painting in the context of watercolor nationality recognition, image-based classification and recognition, and the use of gray-level co-occurrence matrix-based texture feature extraction. Taking the 8-bit grayscale image as the research object, the image is scanned in 4 directions (o, 450, 90, 1350) in sequence, and the aesthetic concept of concrete expression painting is considered. Analyze the experience and works of the concrete expression masters based on the heterogeneous database and establish the friendship cooccurrence matrix respectively to extract the texture feature parameters, and then establish the BP neural network model, and use the extracted texture feature values to train the BP neural network model to make the network model Able to identify the content of the image.


Book into Evesham Library, on Tuesday 15th August, for fun facts about our K-9 friends. Stick around after for extra fingerprint fun with Bart the Bloodhound.


Improving the device structure and quality of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films is essential for enhancing the performance of poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs). A multigate structure can potentially be used to realize ideal poly-Si TFTs. We combined a self-aligned metal double-gate structure (i.e., a structure with metal top and bottom gates) with a large-grained poly-Si film. Then, we fabricated high-performance n-channel (n-ch) and p-channel (p-ch) low-temperature poly-Si TFTs on a glass substrate at 550 °C. The nominal field-effect mobilities of the n-ch and p-ch TFTs were 638 and 156 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, and the s-values of both the TFTs were nearly 130 mV/dec.


Chapter 4 details results that underpin power spectral density analysis and applications of the power spectral density. Results include how to simplify evaluation of the power spectral density, definition of the cross power spectral density, the power spectral density of the sum of N random processes, and the power spectral density of a periodic signal.


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has been widely used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, but there are some problems such as high data dimension and unclear characteristics. The nonlinear complex network of different brain regions based on the Lyapunov exponents and approximate entropy are extracted in this work. The open data set ADNI (Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative) are used to test. The results show that in the other three different groups and patients with Alzheimer's disease, the accuracy of the classification results using SVM (support vector machine) classifier at the whole brain voxel level can reach more than 99%, which is better than the classification results using the correlation of the original time series. Our findings provide new insights into the complexity of brain structural networks in the process of Alzheimer's disease and other mental diseases.


Between 1992 and 1995 the percentage of illiterate women in Morocco fell from 63% to 58%. Generally households were better off in 1995 than in 1992 (e.g. electricity and drinking water 57% vs. 49% and 55% respectively). Fertility fell from 4.2 to 3.6 and was higher in rural areas than urban areas (4.9 vs. 2.2). The proportion of unmarried women aged 15-24 has been stable since 1987 (about 90% for 15-19 years and about 60% for 20-24 years). The proportion of women who want to limit births space births and want children right away stayed approximately the same (49% 24-26% and 18-17% respectively). Contraceptive use among married women increased from 42% to 50% (rural 32-39%; urban 55-64%). In 1995 it was highest in the Center (63%) and South-Center (57%) regions and lowest in the South (37%) and the North-Center (41%) regions. Contraceptive use increased with schooling (45% for illiterate women 63% for those with primary education and 66% for those with secondary education). Between 1992 and 1995 the increase in contraceptive use was greatest among illiterate women (25% vs. 11% for those with primary and 2% for those with secondary education). In both years oral contraceptives were the primary contraceptive method (68% in 1992 and 64% in 1995). In 1992 and 1995 the major sources of modern contraceptives were dispensaries and pharmacies. Child mortality rates did not improve in Morocco between 1992 and 1995 (e.g. 76/1000 vs. 80/1000): the slight increase was due to increases in neonatal and infant mortality rates. Prenatal care by health personnel increased from 32% to 45%. Childbirth attended by health personnel also increased (31-40%). The proportion of women receiving at least one tetanus toxoid vaccination increased from 54% to 60%. Complete vaccination coverage among children increased from 76% to 85%. Fewer children had diarrhea in the last two weeks in 1995 than in 1992 (10% vs. 14%). Oral rehydration use increased from 15% to 29%. Fewer children were fully breast feeding (69-45%) and more were bottle feeding (22-31%). Most household expenses went to food (47% in 1995 and 46% in 1992).


The present invention discloses a combustor fuel nozzle assembly for a gas turbine. The fuel nozzle assembly comprising: a first passage connected to the fourth passage and the gaseous fuel source; a second passage may be connected to a source of oxidant gas; and a third passage connected to the diluent gas source, wherein the first channel is a central channel, and configured exhaust gas from the fuel nozzle at the discharge end of the central passage, the second oxidant gas passage proximate to the exhaust nozzle and the nozzle of the central passage configured to, the the third channel is configured to be discharged through the nozzle adjacent to the nozzle of the second diluent gas passage, and the fourth channel is configured in the first, second, and third discharge outlet position of the passage the downstream end of the fuel gas.


In this study, the dynamic joint scheduling problem for processing machines and transportation robots in a flexible job shop is investigated. The study aims to minimize the order completion time (makespan) of a job shop manufacturing system. Considering breakdowns, order insertion and battery charging maintenance of robots, an event-driven global rescheduling strategy is adopted. A novel memetic algorithm combining genetic algorithm and variable neighborhood search is designed to handle dynamic events and obtain a new scheduling plan. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to test the effect of the improved operators. For successive multiple rescheduling, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparing it with three other algorithms under dynamic events, and through statistical analysis, the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Abstract In popular, academic and policy discourses it is taken for granted that consumption plays a vital role in the obesity epidemic. Mass consumption, associated changes to 'lifestyle' and the emergence of 'obesogenic' environments are viewed as underpinning the dramatic rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. As a result, excess body weight has transitioned from risk factor to 'disease' status, with overconsumption identified as the principal culprit. Using mall walking as a case study, this paper aims to critique the way in which consumption is understood within the obesity literature. Rather than view consumption within a dualist framework of either 'neoliberal choice' or 'modern evil', we seek to establish a theoretical foundation for consumption in obesity literature. Mall walking provides a unique opportunity to examine the multiple, complex and contradictory facets of consumption, of how bodies and spaces are reappropriated and transformed by people who are located in an environment that is characterised as 'obesogenic'. In addition to the generation of identities and social relations, mall walking highlights the inherent paradoxes of consumption: of how consumption is positioned as the problem, and at the same time, as the solution to excess. It is via the ethnographic examination of bodies engaged in consumer spaces that new possibilities for thinking about the analytical relationship between obesity and consumption are opened up.


INTRODUCTION: Chronic cervical pain constitutes one of major orthopedic ailment that is unpleasant to both patient and surgeon. A study is done to analyse the various modalities being practiced to mask the symptoms complex arising out of it. METHODS: The study conducted between May 2013 to December 2013 involve retrospective analysis of 300 patients aged between 30 to 60 years visiting orthopedic OPD since last 2 years and had used some form of treatment modality whether non-operative or operative for chronic neck pain. Patients were divided into 4 groups involving a) Neck muscle strengthening exercises (NMS) b) Pharmacological regime c) Combined muscle strengthening and drug regime (CMD) d) surgical intervention. RESULTS: On analysis of results with 90 patients each in group a, b, c and 30 patients in group d, the patient relief was higher in group c planned for CMD regime followed by group b, group a and group d in decreasing order of response rate. The pain relief was not as good as expected in group d comprising of patients planned for surgical intervention comprising decompression with dissectomy. CONCLUSION: It is seen that chronic neck pain being one of very common disease complex is very disabling to patient and irritates the surgeon also because of nonrespondness of patient to treatment and complexity of surgical intervention if undertaken. Our study analyses that among the various methods given in literature CMD regime respond best to majority of cases. The regime is cheap, easy to follow and had best response rate as compared to other modalities compared.


Background: Previous studies have indicated dysfunction of neuromotor control of neck muscles in chronic whiplash and tension type headache. This may implicate that the central nervous system is part of the pathophysiology of these deseases. For further verification, we used a laser tracking method for standardized and quantitative measurements of voluntary movements of head and hand. The hand was included as a presumed normal reference to the head movements.

Methods: A new laser tracking instrument was used to monitor the ability of a test-person to track a reference point on the wall by a laser fixed to the forehead or held in the hand. The reference point moves in runs of a circle or a square at three different speeds 10, 20 or 30 cm/sec thus providing 6 runs for both head and hand per test-person. We used a 1x1x1 m set-up geometry. The data of each run was processed on-line. Groups of 22 patients diagnosed with chronic whiplash associated disorder, 19 patients diagnosed with chronic tension type headache and 37 control persons were tested.

Findings: A small but highly significant dyscoordination of head movements was observed in both patients groups, and in whiplash also of the hand.

Interpretation: We interpret the observed dyscoordination as a dysfunction of the neuromotor control of the implicated muscle groups, and suggest that the central nervous system is involved in the primary pathology of both chronic whiplash and tension type headache. Accordingly, we suggest a provisional term 'cervical dyssynergia' for these diseases.

Funding Statement: Funding within institutions, no external funding.

Declaration of Interests: None.

Ethics Approval Statement: The protocol for this project was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of Region Hovedstaden as protocol H-6-2014-015 including directions for oral and written information and informed consent for all participants.


....................................................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Input Data ............................................................................................................................................. 1 3.0 Brightness Temperature Offsets ............................................................................................................ 1 4.0 Data Quality Testing ............................................................................................................................. 2 5.0 Output Data ........................................................................................................................................... 2 6.0 Examples .............................................................................................................................................. 3 7.0 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 5 8.0 References ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Appendix A – Input Data .......................................................................................................................... A.1 Appendix B – Output Data ........................................................................................................................B.1 KL Gaustad, et al., July 2011, DOE/SC-ARM/TR-081.2


Occurrence of MRSA was assessed on 42 organic and 88 conventional pig herds in different regions of Germany by taking dust samples and nasal swabs. The number of nasal swabs was adapted to the herd size so that a MRSA-prevalence of 5 % could be detected. All samples were selectively enriched and cultured on MRSA-selective chromagar. All cultured isolates were confirmed by PCR. In addition, the spa-types were identified. The results of this cross-sectional study showed that 11 of the 42 (26%) examined organic pig herds were identified as MRSA-positive, whereas 92 % of the conventional pig herds were identified as MRSA-positive. In both husbandry systems, similar spa-types (t011, t034) were identified, which are associated with the MRSA ST398. To find out the specific risk factors for the occurrence of MRSA in pig herds questionnaires were used in both husbandry systems and will be evaluated in the second part of this ongoing study.


Intracellular recordings were made from neurones of the coeliac ganglia of the guinea‐pig in vitro. In addition to the fast excitatory post‐synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) repetitive stimulation (10‐20 Hz, 1‐2 s) of the left greater splanchnic nerves elicited a slow depolarization in about 70% of the neurones examined. This depolarization lasted for minutes and was resistant to nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists; it was abolished reversibly in a low‐Ca2+, high‐Mg2+ solution. The response is henceforth termed non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p. In about 10% of the neurones the non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p. exhibited a biphasic pattern. The fast as well as the non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p. could be effectively induced by stimulation of any of the several nerve trunks that enter the ganglion. Moreover, simultaneous stimulation of two separate nerves resulted in a much larger non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p. than could be achieved by stimulation of a single nerve. When the membrane potential was manually clamped, the non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p. was associated with an increase of membrane resistance in the large majority of cells tested. Membrane hyperpolarization generally caused an increase in the amplitude of the non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p.; a decrease was observed in only a few cells. Subthreshold depolarizations induced by direct intracellular stimulation as well as fast e.p.s.p.s elicited by heterosynaptic nerve stimulation were facilitated during the course of a non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p., often resulting in spike discharges. A potentiation of lesser magnitude occurred when the membrane potential was manually clamped during the course of the slow response, indicating that the facilitation may be attributed to both membrane depolarization and increased membrane resistance. These results indicate that the non‐cholinergic e.p.s.p. constitutes an integral part of synaptic transmission in coeliac ganglia, and that its function may be to provide a mechanism for increasing the responsiveness of sympathetic neurones to incoming fast e.p.s.p.s.


Catalog of an exhibition held at the High Museum of Art, 10 Dec. 1991-9 Feb. 1992, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Tex., 8 Mar.-3 May 1992, the Concoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 31 May-9 Aug. 1992, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, N.Y., 12 Sept.-25 Oct. 1992, the Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, N.Y., 13 Nov. 1992-10 Jan. 10 1993, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, Calif., 18 Feb.-25 Apr. 1993.


Abstract : The Air Force aircraft modification system has a complex and dynamic nature which continually challenges management's ability to develop effective policy to support decision-making. With the invaluable assistance of key managers within the modification process, a policy model of the process has been developed using the system dynamics concept. The formal and informal system structure and policies which currently exist for the aircraft modification process are addressed in the research. The purpose of the dynamic policy model is to provide a tool to assist Air Force strategic managers in understanding the complex nature of the system and to identify the most important areas that are sensitive to changes in either structure or policy. The model, thus, provides a device for policy development. (Author)


This research was motivated by language errors in the writing skills of Thai students in the BIPA program. In this study researchers analyzed spelling, words, and sentences in the description text written by Thai students. This study aims to determine the extent of BIPA students in writing skills at level B1. The method in this study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the spelling mistakes in the decryption text of Thai students in the BIPA learning program at B1 level can be seen as follows, found spelling errors in the use of punctuation, preposition, and capital letters. Then, the writing of the error word is found in the use of the standard word. Based on the results of this study the most common errors were errors in the use of punctuation and capital letters. Furthermore, in making sentences it is still ambiguous. Based on writing in the context of BIPA, writing like the data above is in the form of progress contained in level B1.


Recent work in our laboratory has shown that 31P{1H} dynamic NMR (DNMR) spectroscopy is useful in studying restricted rotation about the metal‐phosphorus bonds in bulky bis‐phosphine‐di‐halo complexes of platinum(II). Decoalescence is observed and the 31P{1H} NMR chemical shift is clearly sensitive to changes in molecular conformation. However, in most instances, the spectrum of a given conformation is a simple singlet which inherently contains no information regarding molecular geometry. Assignment of a given singlet to a specific conformation is problematic. A method is described for obtaining unequivocal assignment of NMR signals to specific molecular conformations by using DNMR spectroscopy. x‐ray crystallography and dissolution of the conformationally homogeneous crystals at very low temperatures ('molecular conformation trapping'). This methodology should be useful for the analysis of any multi‐conformation system which has a sufficiently high energy barrier to conformational equilibration.


Measurements are presented of thermospheric electron temperatures made by a Langmuir probe mounted on the polar-orbiting satellite Esro 1 before, during, and after the geomagnetic storm of October 31 to November 1, 1968. The data cover a complete time sequence over a period of 9 days while the satellite covered the altitude range 280–1500 km and remained in the noon/midnight local time zones. The data clearly show the development of enhanced temperatures at mid-latitudes associated with stable auroral red arcs in the midnight time zone, trace the latitude dependence of the heating during the progress of the storm, and show the persistence of the zone of elevated temperatures after the magnetic activity has declined. The heating of electrons in the noon time zone is not observed to follow the same pattern as that in the midnight time zone.


Thermomechanical behavior of inhomogeneous viscoplastic structures under cyclic loading is investigated for the problem of harmonic bending and dissipative heating of a three layer beam. Two problem statements are used. One is based on the generalized thermomechanically consistent flow theory (complete problem statement) and the other one is the approximate scleronomic model implementation (approximate problem statement). Aluminium alloy and steel are chosen as the materials of layers. Comparison of the results obtained for complete and approximate problem statements is performed. Comparative estimation of beam loss coefficients for different configurations is also performed.


This special report covers current state-of-the-art developments, representing products and services now on the market or imminent. To produce it, the editors consulted with more than 180 experts in the various fields represented. Sections are included covering the topics of computers, communications, solid state, instrumentation, automation, power/energy, consumer electronics, transportation, aerospace/military, medical electronics, education and sociotechnology.


Apparently, conservation agenda around the globe is getting more significant nowadays. In the quest to safeguard and sustain invaluable heritage assets remaining today, it is evident that more new: guidelines being regulated, approaches being introduced, courses being offered, and, growing interests being projected. Architecture discipline which melds together different areas such as: history, humanity, science, art, and technology, has emerged a new branch of specialization known as built heritage conservation. Realising the importance of Western's experience as precedence for the relatively new Malaysian conservation industry, this paper collectively highlights on the execution of built heritage conservation projects across Ireland. Through a series of reflection sessions shared by practitioners based on their involvements on respective case studies, this paper summarises four arising issues of: an enquiry on praxis and compliance of conservation doctrines, essentiality of engaging the public in decision-making process and volunteerism, obsolescence and dereliction of historical buildings and sites as the diseases to heritage tourism, and, achieving environmental sustainability demand through energy efficiency and building retrofitting. Prior insights and recommendations based on these arising issues are presented for the attention of heritage stakeholders and conservation actors of Malaysia.


Significance Quantitative mass spectrometric profiling of the extracellular matrix composition of normal lung, fibrotic lung, primary lung tumors, and lung metastases to the lymph nodes uncovered specific signatures distinguishing these tissues. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene activation of one of the identified factors, Tenascin-C (Tnc), showed that this protein plays a role in mediating lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Tnc expression is repressed, directly or indirectly, by the transcription factor Nkx2-1. Bioinformatic analysis shows that expression of three matrisome factors (TNC, S100A10, and S100A11) can predict survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These factors could serve as disease markers that could be exploited for better diagnosis of lung cancer, and their future study could be used to inform the design of more potent treatments for patients. The extracellular microenvironment is an integral component of normal and diseased tissues that is poorly understood owing to its complexity. To investigate the contribution of the microenvironment to lung fibrosis and adenocarcinoma progression, two pathologies characterized by excessive stromal expansion, we used mouse models to characterize the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of normal lung, fibrotic lung, lung tumors, and metastases. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified and assayed the abundance of 113 ECM proteins, which revealed robust ECM protein signatures unique to fibrosis, primary tumors, or metastases. These analyses indicated significantly increased abundance of several S100 proteins, including Fibronectin and Tenascin-C (Tnc), in primary lung tumors and associated lymph node metastases compared with normal tissue. We further showed that Tnc expression is repressed by the transcription factor Nkx2-1, a well-established suppressor of metastatic progression. We found that increasing the levels of Tnc, via CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation of the endogenous gene, enhanced the metastatic dissemination of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Interrogation of human cancer gene expression data revealed that high TNC expression correlates with worse prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma, and that a three-gene expression signature comprising TNC, S100A10, and S100A11 is a robust predictor of patient survival independent of age, sex, smoking history, and mutational load. Our findings suggest that the poorly understood ECM composition of the fibrotic and tumor microenvironment is an underexplored source of diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for cancer patients.


In 1904 Erlanger and Hooker1 suggested that the product of the pulse pressure (P. P.) and the pulse rate (P. R.) might be used as an index to the circulation rate (C. R.), or, expressed differently, the pulse pressure as an index to the stroke volume (S. V.), provided changes in systolic time and elasticity of the arteries do not disturb too much the direct relation of the P. P. to S. V.In order to ascertain what the relation is, four normal individuals were studied under four relatively normal conditions. The conditions studied were the recumbent and standing postures and light and post-heavy exercise. Arterial pressure determinations could not be made during heavy exercise; therefore, they were made immediately afterwards.The arterial pressure readings were made simultaneously by the oscillatory (Erlanger) and the auscultatory methods. The circulation rate in liters per minute was determined by the Henderson and Haggard2 method, involving the inhalation of ethyl iodide. Ten arterial pressure determinati...


It was demonstrated by Bowman et al (1) that an intravenous injection of epinephrine (EPI) caused an increase or a decrease in the tone of the chronically denervated cat mus cles and the effects were mediated by the (l-receptor. In our previous study in vivo (2), denervated rat muscles responded to EPI by a contracture mainly through the a-receptor, while rabbit muscles responded by a fall in the resting tension through both a and fl-re ceptors. The reason for the discrepancy is not clear, though it may in part be due to spe cies difference. In the present paper, effects of EPI and other adrenergic amines were fur ther studied in vitro using chronically denervated rat muscles. The sciatic nerve of male rats (Sprague-Dawly, 4-5 weeks of age) was sectioned under pentobarbital-Na anesthesia. The extensor digitorum longus muscle and the soleus mus cle were isolated 10-21 days after the operation and were suspended in a 10 ml bath of mammalian Ringer's solution according to Isaacson et al (3), which was aerated with a mixture of 95 %02 and 5 % CO2 and kept at 37-1-1°C (pH 7.5). In order to examine twitch response, field stimulation was applied to the muscle by platinum electrodes with the rec tangular pulses of suprarnaximal voltage and 5 cosec duration at 0.1 Hz frequency. The initial tension of the muscles was maintained within the range of 0. 1-0.3 g. Semi-isometric responses of twitch and resting tension were recorded on an ink-writing oscillograph through a strain gauge. Drugs were added to the bath in 0.1 ml volume to make the final required concentrations. EPI, norepinephrine (NOR) and trimetoquinol (TMQ) were used as sympathomimetics. TMQ is known to possess more potent (l-stimulating activity than isoproterenol in the tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs (4, 5), and the drugs also showed only a fl-action in the skeletal muscles of rats and rabbits (2, 6), while isoproterenol had a weak a-action besides (l-action (6). EPI in a concentration of 10-' g/ml caused an increase in the resting tension (con tracture) of the chronically dencrvated extensor digitorum longus muscle, as shown in Figs. I and 2. Higher concentration (10-6 10-5 g/ml) of the drug produced more remark able contracture with a steeper slope of rising phase and a larger peak of the tension, while lower concentration (10-e g/ml) sometimes failed to elicit the effect. This contractural response was differentiated into two components, …


This study aimed to identify the influence of sow parity on the meat quality of progeny. A total of 656 progeny from 196 sows were categorised into three different groups based on parity: stage 1 (gilt), 2 (second to fourth parities), and 3 (over fifth parity). According to the significant differences between the parity stage groups in the multiple meat quality properties (P < 0.05), the parity stage 1 had higher muscle pH and lower drip loss in meat quality traits and showed smaller area composition of type IIb muscle fibres in muscle fibre characteristics than the other older groups. Moreover, the parity stage 1 group had significantly higher springiness, adhesiveness and chewiness (P < 0.001), whereas the stage 3 group showed relatively lower cohesiveness (P < 0.05) in the meat texture properties. The principal component analysis displayed more distance between stage 1 and other two groups than the distance between stage 2 and 3. Therefore, we suggest that maternal parity may affect pork quality in progeny and the younger stage group could have better meat quality than the older group.


Addiction to drugs and alcohol is a dynamic and multi-faceted disease process in humans, with devastating health and financial consequences for the individual and society at large. The recently released fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) combined the previously separate abuse and dependence classifications for licit and illicit drugs of abuse into a single syndrome called substance use disorder (SUD). This new definition includes diagnostic criteria that are largely overlapping with previous criteria (DSM-IV), and new diagnostic thresholds wherein physicians are charged with classifying the severity of an individual's SUD based on the number of criteria met. More specifically, mild SUD requires that two to three symptoms be met, moderate SUD requires that four to five symptoms be met, and severe SUD requires that six or more symptoms be met. One notable addition to diagnostic criteria is craving, which can be defined broadly as a strong desire or urge to use drug/alcohol. Different classes of abused drugs can have different biological consequences and different co-morbidity risks, but SUDs are defined and diagnosed according to a single set of behavioral symptoms that are common to abuse of all drugs. These behavioral symptoms include compulsive drug use, loss of control in limiting drug intake, the emergence of a negative emotional state in the absence of the drug, and increased vulnerability to relapse triggered by stress or cues previously associated with drug availability. Each of these symptoms can be modeled to various degrees in animals, and animal models are particularly useful for exploring the underlying neurobiology of SUD and for identifying promising new targets for treatments aimed at curbing excessive drug and alcohol use in humans.


Objective To study the proteins related to invasive potential of ovarian cancer cell line.Methods The nude mice were intraperitoneally injected with the human ovarian cancer cell line(SKOV-3). The metastatic tumors were cultured in vitro for cell line establishment and transplantion.We evaluated the invasive potential of cell lines by adhesive test and matrigel invasion assay.Different cell lines with different invasive potential were tested for by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS)proteinchip array technology and compared their proteomic fingerprint patterns.Results SKOV-3F_3 showed more invasive capacity than SKOV-3 in adhesive test in vitro and Matrigel invasion assay and so on.By comparing their proteomic fingerprint patterns,we identified six distinct proteins(6249,14675,15425,15717,17123 and 17660 at M/Z value) only expressed in SKOV-3.To the contrary,three distinct proteins(4355,4823 and 5763 at M/Z value)only expressed in SKOV-3F_3.Furthermore,two distinct proteins(1842 and 3145 at M/Z value) were only be detected in SKOV-3F_1,SKOV-3F_2 and SKOV-3F_3.Besides,five distinct proteins(1242,5465,6899,6568 and 14027 at M/Z value) and a mass cluster expressed in SKOV-3 and its sublines,but their abundance were different.Conclusion The ovarian cancer cell lines with different invasive potential could be screened by in vivo passaging combined with test in vitro.These distinct proteins were closely correlated with high invasive potential.


SLon vertical ring pulsating high gradient magnetic separators possess the advantages of a large beneficial ratio, high processing efficiency, strong adaptability, high resistance of the magnetic matrix to clogging, and high equipment availability. In recent years, these separators have been successfully applied to the beneficiation of ilmenite ores at the Panzhihua Ilmenite concentrator, and several other ilmenite processing plants, promoting the rapid development of the ilmenite industry in China.


Abstract Left truncation is a feature of many clinical trials and survival analysis in which lifetimes are observed conditionally on being greater than random truncation times. The subjects of such studies are exposed to an event prior to the event of interest and both times are recorded for each subject. In other words, left-truncated data arise when we only observe these subjects whose failure event times are limited below by truncation event times. For such type of data, the most commonly used class of two-sample tests is the weighted log-rank class. The aim of this article is to use saddlepoint approximation techniques to calculate p-values from the null permutation distributions of tests from the weighted log-rank class. The saddlepoint p-values are almost closer to the exact mid-p-values. The weighted log-rank tests are inverted to determine nominal 95% confidence intervals for the treatment effect in the presence of left-truncated data. Such analytical inversions lead to permutation confidence intervals which are easily computed and virtually identical with the exact intervals that would usually require huge amounts of simulations.


With the support of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, via Protection Engineering Consultants, the University of Texas at Austin tested 13 shores [3,4] in its Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory. These 4-m high southern pine LP and PLP shores were exposed to a variety of combinations of vertical loads and lateral loads and lateral displacements. The tests demonstrated that an average reduction of vertical load capacity of 22 percent and 53 percent occurred at 4 percent and 10 percent lateral displacement or drift, respectively, for LP and PLP shores. Still the shores were able to achieve vertical loads of up to twice the 142-kN design vertical load.


Using hierarchy-ability of electronic system,and according to the granularity of fault diagnosis,electronic systems can be separated into different modules from the realization of their functions.Starting with the function modeling of granularities,electronic system can be realized and simulated.It is an effective and feasible modeling method,which is one of the key technologies that can be used to realize fault diagnosis knowledge-acquisition based on simulation technology.


The primary purpose of the seminar was to examine the prehistoric evidence in several archaeologically and environmentally distinct zones in order to isolate, if possible, some of the cultural processes and ecological factors promoting or retarding cultural change. Consideration was limited largely to technological and economic matters, particularly subsistence patterns, since archaeology undeniably lends itself most readily to this sort of interpretation. With more sophisticated methods of assessing the economic bases, descriptions of prehistoric communities as a whole should prove more definitive than they have in the past. In light of the vast amount of material involved, it was agreed that the seminar should concentrate on data ranging from advanced hunting and gathering groups of the late Pleistocene up to the point when urban settlement and/or historical records first appeared in any given region. During the sessions, a series of papers and informal presentations were given on Southwestern Asia, Southwestern United States, Eastern United States, Northwestern Europe, SubSaharan Africa, and Latin America. These provided much of the framework for subsequent discussions, giving us a cross-section of subsistence types and environments which we hoped would shed some light on the respective roles of each in channeling cultural change. General interest was expressed in the alternative modes of subsistence characterizing different times and places, and some attempts were made to define subsistence types along lines similar to those sketched by Braidwood (Braidwood and Reed 1957; Braidwood 1960). More specific considerations centered about agricultural transitions-both (1) indigenous domestication of plants and animals and (2) the impact of foodproducing economies in non-nuclear areas with respect to such things as cultural resistance and selectivity or the ecological settings of the contact zones. Another recurrent topic of discussion concerned postglacial climatic changes and the role these played in altering economic adjustments.


Porous scaffolds made of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite were prepared via freeze-drying method. In this matter, three different volume ratios of polymer solutions (1:1, 1:3, 3:1) and constant hydroxyapatite mass ratio were blended. Glutaraldehyde and glycerol were added as a polymer-chain crosslinker and plasticizer, respectively. The obtained scaffolds were used to test bone proliferation and potential for bone regeneration and they were characterized through FTIR, mechanical tests, cell cultures and swelling tests. Every quantitative measurement was statistically tested using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with $\rho \lt 0.05.$ Partial results from cell culture have been obtained, showing faster cell differentiation in the scaffolds combined with glutaraldehyde and glycerol. Crosslinked scaffolds showed better swelling conditions than those that were not subject to this chemical reaction. Besides, samples with higher chitosan ratio exhibited better swelling behavior. Experiments suggest that the bio-polymeric system has potential for bone tissue regeneration.


The great eruption of the Icelandic Eyjafjallajokull volcano that occurred from the 14th of April to the 23rd of May 2010 injected large and dense ash clouds into the atmosphere, causing major international air traffic disruption worldwide.


The purpose of this paper is to determine the scale of economic shocks (SES), considering a new indicator based on the duration (in months) of contractions and expansions within Business Cycles and their amplitude, measured by GDP percent change based on chained 2000 dollars. Data of US Business cycles are used. The result is that the SES shows the real economic impact of contractions and expansions over time and serves as a warning signal that the economic system is entering into a turbulent state in the short-run.


The DDD-FM9001 is a 32-bit general purpose microprocessor formally derived directly from Hunt's mechanically veriied Nqthm FM9001 microprocessor speciication. The exercise was part of a project to construct an implementation of the FM9001 by applying the DDD design derivation system to the Nqthm FM9001 speciication. The main thesis of this work maintains that derivation and veriication represent interdependent facets of design and must be integrated if formal methods are to support the natural analytical and generative reasoning that takes place in engineering practice. In this paper we describe the continuation of previous work in which the DDD system was applied to Hunt's FM8501 speciication. This paper describes the derivation of the DDD-FM9001 and compares the derived architecture and hardware realization with that of the FM9001 in an eeort to better understand the interplay between derivation and veriication.


Background/Aim. Bronchial asthma is a disease that is characterized by the
 variability of the clinical picture, physical and functional status and the
 existence of bronchial hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity with varying
 degrees. Bronchial responsiveness and sensitivity is tested in patients with
 clinically suspected existence of asthma and normal spirometry test. The aim
 of the study was to analyze the patients with atopic asthma and study test
 results of skin sensitization to inhaled allergens, nonspecific bronchial
 hyperreactivity and specific hyperreactivity estimated by bronchial
 provocation tests with inhalant allergens. Methods. The prospective study in
 the Pulmonology clinic, the Military Medical Academy, Serbia, during 2014,
 included 70 male subjects aged 18-30 years, who had perennial asthma
 symptoms. All subjects were nonsmokers, normal spirometry findings, normal
 radiological chest findings and there were no symptoms of respiratory
 infection over the past two months. All respondents were tested with skin
 prick tests with inhalant allergens and nonspecific bronchial provocation
 test with histamine. On the basis of histamine test subjects were divided
 into two groups: group I, in which there is a slight degree of
 hypersensitivity (PC20=6.09±1.1 mg/ml) and group II with negative histamine
 test (PC20=14.58±6.34 mg/ml). Specific bronchial provocation test was
 performed in all patients, and the selection of the allergens was carried out
 based on the results of testing of skin hypersensitivity. Results. Results of
 skin sensitization show the highest incidence of mites Dermatophagoides
 pterronissinus (83.3% group I and 85.0% group II) followed by grass pollen
 (53.3% group I and 52.0% group II) and house dust (33.3% group I and 50.0%
 group II). There were no statistically significant differences in allergens
 between groups (p>0.05). In both groups, spirometry findings were within
 normal values (FVC and FEV1 >80% predictive value), but statistically
 significant difference was found in FEV1 between groups (p<0.05). Specific
 bronchial provocation tests with solutions of inhaled allergens in both
 groups caused a significant decline in FEV1 (≥20%) in all patients
 individually. There were no statistically significant differences neither
 between groups and nor between individual allergens (average decline in FEV1:
 Group I 32.9±2.4% and group II 31.5±2.2%). Conclusion. There is no
 relationship between the degree of specific and non-specific bronchial
 hyperreactivity in patients with allergic asthma.


Abstract The Chaplygin gas model is both interesting and important in the theory of gas dynamics and conservation laws, all the characteristic families of which are linearly degenerate. Majda conjectured that the shock formation never happens for smooth data. In this article, we prove the conjecture for the two space dimensional axisymmetric case. Different from previous approaches to study wave equations with different speeds, we reformulate the problem in the Lagrangian coordinates and consider a single wave equation with variable coefficients. This not only gives a simpler proof but also enables us to treat the case with large angular velocities.


Objective:To observe the efficacy of treating spontaneous and night sweats after thoracotomy with modified BuZhong YiQiTang.Method:46 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of postoperative spontaneous and night sweats were treated with modified BuZhong YiQiTang,one dose daily.5 days for a course of treatment,observed the therapeutic effect after one course of treatment.Result:Among 46 patients,26 cases were cured,accounting for 56.52%;18 cases were effective,accounting for 39.13%;2 cases were ineffective,accounting for 4.35%;the total effective rate was 95.65%.Conclusions:Treating patients with spontaneous and night sweats after thoracotomy with modified BuZhong YiQiTang have a more significant effect.