To use the least surface glasses in arbitrary spatial surface curtain wall and decrease the cost,glass planes surrounded by spatial bar structures are gained based on close region properties and process flow diagram is given.The optimal model of simulating spatial surface using plane is established and the complex method is adopted.The program is compiled by ObjectARX tools based on AutoCAD Environment.The theory and method are successfully adopted in the 3D3S software and achieve good effect.


Recently, flood damages has become social problem owing to unexperienced weather condition behind climate change. An initial response to heavy rain and high water condition are important for mitigating social loss and faster recovery. The spatiotemporal precipitation forecast may contribute the higher accuracy of dam inflow prediction forward more than six hours for flood damage mitigation. This paper proposes a rain code approach for spatiotemporal precipitation forecasting. We insights a novel rainy feature fusion that represents a temporal rainy process including several hourly sequences. We demonstrates various range of rain code studies based spatiotemporal precipitation forecasting using the ConvLSTM. We applied to a dam region within the Japanese rainy term hourly precipitation data, under 2006 to 2019 around 127 thousands hours, every year from May to October. We can use the raider analysis hourly data on the central broader region with 136x148 km square, based on new data fusion rain code with 3-hours frames range sequences. Finally we concludes knowledge and lessons such as remarkable capabilities and limitations for dam inflow prediction.


Abstract : The report describes the work performed to design and build a sampled repeater, capable of receiving and transmitting amplitude modulated voice messages within the same UHF channel. The repeater, operating at any of four crystal controlled frequencies in the 225-250 MHz band, was flight tested late in 1967. The flight tests were successful in proving the feasibility of utilizing a sampling voice repeater in an aircraft. The flight tests consisted of actual voice transmission relay by the airborne repeater between two terminals out of line-of-sight. The problem of backscatter of the transmitted signal by the ground back to the relay receiver was solved by offsetting, within the same channel, the transmitting frequency from the received frequency. The amount of this offset, in addition to the sampling frequency, duty factor and pulse weighting were adjustable in order to determine the optimum values of these parameters under flight conditions. The output power was 4 watts carrier, non commutated and 1.8 watts carrier, commutated at a .45 duty cycle. (Author)


The neotropical montane forests are considered as hotspots of biodiversity, where epiphytic cryptogams are an important component related with ecosystem functioning, biomass and biodiversity. Lichens and bryophytes are very sensitive to environmental changes and they are indicators of forest quality. We evaluated the richness and composition of epiphytic cryptogams (bryophytes and lichens) in two different forest types (montane forests and mixed plantation of Juglans neotropica) of "Parque Universitario Francisco Vivar Castro". In the present investigation, we realized 5 plots of 20 cm x 20 cm in each forest type, where registered presence/absence and coverage of epiphytic cryptogams on grids of 20 cm x 30 cm (100 phorophytes). We analyzed the effects of canopy cover and forest type on richness using generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). In addition, we analyzed changes in species composition with a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS); and, a multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). We recorded a total of 135 species of epiphytes (55 bryophytes and 80 lichens). We found that richness and composition of species were influenced by forest type related with changes in light availability.
Keywords: Montane forest; bryophytes, canopy cover, diversity, lichens.


Summary. Mathematically and artistically gifted children and two IQ-matched control groups were compared for their abilities to carry out several types of visual-spatial tasks. One type of task was verbally presented and required a verbally formulated answer, while another was presented visually and the answer involved a choice of one of several visually presented alternatives. Two other types of problem were investigated, and these were respectively concerned with short-term memory for non-verbalisable shapes, and with the capacity to name objects or animals on the basis of minimal visual cues. Mathematically gifted children were better than all the other groups in solving the verbal-spatial problems. On the other hand, artistically gifted children were particularly able at constructive imagination on the basis of minimal perceptual cues. Despite being of different IQ levels, both mathematically and artistically gifted children were equally good and were superior to IQ-matched controls in visual recognition memory. The results justify the inference that level of performance on some of the tasks tested here is to some degree IQ-independent, but is related to specific artistic or mathematical talent.


The functional Fourier transform (FRFT), which is a generalization of the classical Fourier transform, was introduced a number of years ago in the mathematics literature but appears to have remained largely unknown to the signal processing community, to which it may, however, be potentially useful. The FRFT depends on a parameter /spl alpha/ and can be interpreted as a rotation by an angle /spl alpha/ in the time-frequency plane. An FRFT with /spl alpha/=/spl pi//2 corresponds to the classical Fourier transform, and an FRFT with /spl alpha/=0 corresponds to the identity operator. On the other hand, the angles of successively performed FRFTs simply add up, as do the angles of successive rotations. The FRFT of a signal can also be interpreted as a decomposition of the signal in terms of chirps. The authors briefly introduce the FRFT and a number of its properties and then present some new results: the interpretation as a rotation in the time-frequency plane, and the FRFT's relationships with time-frequency representations such as the Wigner distribution, the ambiguity function, the short-time Fourier transform and the spectrogram. These relationships have a very simple and natural form and support the FRFT's interpretation as a rotation operator. Examples of FRFTs of some simple signals are given. An example of the application of the FRFT is also given. >


Changes in growth pattern and phenol levels were studied in sal seedlings in response to low temperature (9-14.1°C, night temp.) in the field and under greenhouse conditions (Temp. 30-32°C, RH 70-76%, Light intensity 33523 Lux). Constant exposure of field grown seedlings to low-temperature (during November to March) resulted in injury. Nearly 80-86% seedlings exhibited desiccated, necrotic leaves and shoots along with severe reduction in dry mass. Abrupt increase in the phenol levels (1.8-2.2 folds) was discernible both in the leaves and shoots with the drop in air temperature below 14.1°C. Overproduction of phenols in aerial parts during this period commensurate with both enhanced activity (1.5 and 1.7 folds in the leaves and shoots respectively) of its synthesizing enzyme L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and simultaneous reduction (8 and 13 folds in the leaves and shoots, respectively) in its degrading enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO). As a result, accumulation of excess levels of phenolics culminates into irreversible injury in aerial parts of sensitive sal seedling in response to low-temperature that is one of the causes of mass scale mortality in these seedlings.


The high-level contributions of this paper are: (1) A generic algorithm to determine connected dominating sets (CDS) for mobile ad hoc networks and its use to find CDS of different categories: maximum density-based (MaxD-CDS), node ID-based (ID-CDS) and stability-based (minimum velocity-based, MinV-CDS); (2) Performance comparison of the above three categories of CDS algorithms with respect to two categories of mobility models: random node mobility models (Random Waypoint model) and the grid-based vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) mobility models (City Section and Manhattan mobility models), with respect to the CDS Node Size and Lifetime. The performance of a CDS is observed to depend on the criteria used to form the CDS (i.e., the node selection criteria of the underlying algorithm) and the mobility model driving the topological changes. For each category of CDS, we identify the mobility model under which one can simultaneously maximize the lifetime and node size, with minimal tradeoff. For the two VANET mobility models, we also evaluate the impact of the grid block length on the CDS lifetime and node size.


The data in an accelerator control system is not only important for the control processes but also serves as the primary source of information required for the understanding of the accelerator's behaviour. The management of this resource is therefore fundamental to accelerator performance and in recent years there have been technological developments which have made new approaches feasible. This paper reviews the impact of database and related technologies on accelerator operation and performance, their implementation and the implications of their use.


Reassessing ecology and political theory, Matthew Humphrey the urban blindspot in environmental thought, Andrew Light ecocentrism, property theory and the concept of interests, Sheryl Breen feminism and ecologism - or what's wrong with ecofeminism?, Lucy Sarglsson balancing political and ecological values, Niraja Gopal Jayal new ethics for old? Or how (not) to think about future generations, Terence Ball ten commandments of how to fail in an environmentalist campaign, Avner de Shalit three conceptions of irreversibility and environmental ethics - some problems, Matthew Humphrey.


The rare decay $b \to s \gamma$ is studied in the left-right supersymmetric model. We give explicit expressions for all the amplitudes associated with the supersymmetric contributions coming from gluinos, charginos and neutralinos in the model to one-loop level. The branching ratio is enhanced significantly compared to the standard model and minimal supersymmetric standard model values by contributions from the right-handed gaugino and squark sector. We give numerical results coming from the leading order contributions. If the only source of flavor violation comes from the CKM matrix, we constrain the scalar fermion-gaugino sector. If intergenerational mixings are allowed in the squark mass matrix, we constrain such supersymmetric sources of flavor violation. The decay $b \to s \gamma$ sets constraints on the parameters of the model and provides distinguishing signs from other supersymmetric scenarios.


ISKI Ataköy Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a biological nutrient removal (BNR) system, consisting of anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zones, with a capacity of 390,000 m/d. Influent wastewater source is mainly of domestic origin; however there is a considerable amount of industrial wastewater contribution. The plant is divided in three parallel lines consisted of an anaerobic tank and, two cascades with pre-denitrification and internal recirculation.


A collaborative chemistry and orthopedics team has developed a technique that, if verified in animal and human tests, might one day be a therapy for osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, joint cartilage loses some of its glycosaminoglycans, highly charged polysaccharides that enable the tissue to retain water, giving it load-bearing capacity and an ability to resist compression and wear. The result is joint pain, for which no direct treatment is currently available. Now, chemist and biomedical engineer Mark W. Grinstaff and coworkers at Boston University, in collaboration with orthopedists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, have devised a method for polymerizing a restorative charged hydrogel network inside damaged cartilage (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511767). Researchers have used hydrogels and polymers to strengthen tissues before, but only at surfaces, not throughout tissues, as in this study. Grinstaff and coworkers soaked cow cartilage with a mixture of 2-methacryloyloxyethy...


Contact of rough surfaces can be replaced by that between a rough surface and a rigid flat one, so that the methods of the 3rd report can be reapplied here. In this report, the factors of surface asperities (for example, slope and height of surface asperities in contact) were synthesized, and formulae for practical use on the elastic and the plastic deformation of rough surfaces in contact when the directions of surface asperities were parallel to each other were suggested. This report revealed that the variance of slope of surface asperities of surface asperities in contact is σθ12+ σθ22, where σθ12, σθ22 are variances of slope of projections respectively. As a result, the relations between the elastic and the plastic deformations δE, δS yielded by the existence of surface asperities and the normal load are as follows. δ^-E=ae{(P^-+P^-0) } where, δ^-E=δE/σ, δ^-S=δS/σ, σ: standard deviation of surface asperity in contact, P^-=P/Apm, A: nominal contact area, pm : plastic flow pressure, ae, as, P^-0 : constants. These constants were given in this research.


This paper expounds the significance of constructing the individual digital library, describes the principles that should be followed in the construction of the individual digital library, and introduces several full-text database management software fitting in with the construction of the individual digital library.


The new industrialization road made an unprecedented new requirement to the mining higher education.Since 1998,the reform of the mining higher education system,the development of higher education has been at low ebb for one time period.At present,"hold high the banner of development of the mining industry;adhere to the unwavering of mining and security features" are the consensus of the mining technology colleges development.The developing strategy of the mining higher education includes the characteristics strategies,the multidisciplinary development strategies,the innovative training strategy and the national service initiatively of independent innovation strategy,and so on.


Simulation of tropical precipitation in global climate models remains a challenge, in which double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias is a prominent manifest. Compared with the original cloud scheme, a new diagnostic statistical cloud macrophysics scheme alleviates the spurious southern ITCZ bias associated with warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias over the central Pacific in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Owing to the reduced net surface shortwave radiation associated with the increased low cloud fraction and liquid water path over the southeastern Pacific Ocean, the new scheme reduced local SST and further suppressed convection and precipitation. Stronger Walker circulation and enhanced tropical easterlies lead to increased tropical ocean zonal currents, which further lead to reduced SST in the central Pacific due to increased oceanic cold advection. As a result, over the central Pacific, SST cooling suppresses precipitation and alleviates the double ITCZ bias. The study suggests that low clouds over subtropical eastern ocean regions can impact tropical circulation and precipitation via a strong coupling with SST and ocean dynamics.


In order to improve the wear resistance of iron base composite materials,WCp reinforced Fe-2Cu-2Ni-1Mo-1C powder metallurgy steels are prepared by high energy milling and spark plasma sintering.The phase composition,microstructure and wear surface morphology of the sintered specimens are analyzed by using X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),etc.Also,the wear performance and wear mechanism of the sintered specimens are studied.The results indicate that the microstructure of the sintered specimens mainly consists of pearlite,austenite and WC particles.With the increase of WC content,the austenite content also increases in the microstructure of the sintered specimen and the pearlite content decreases.Both the average friction coefficient and abrasion loss of the specimens decrease with the increase of WCp content,but an excess of WCp additive is not beneficial to them.The specimen containing 15% WC additive shows a better wear resistance property,with density of 8.46 g/cm3and hardness of 58.2 HRC.The average friction coefficient and abrasion loss of the specimen is reduced by 18% and 97% respectively,in contrast to that of the specimens without WC particles.The main wear mechanism is adhesive wear,accompanying abrasive wear.


A new method to prepare polycrystalline silicon thin film from a-Si thin films using aluminate solution as induced source was introduced in this article. According to the analysis using optical microscope and Raman spectrum, it was indicated that the a-Si thin film could successfully be crystallized in certain Al-salt solutions. Using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy explored by shelling the samples into several sub-layers, the possible chemical reaction between the surface of silicon and aluminate solution was found and the continuous layer exchange process was confirmed. In the end, the mechanism of solution-based aluminum-induced crystallization was discussed.


C/C composites is a kind of new material.The research ofC/C composites processing has become the common and key technology.A comprehensive review on its application in the field of aerospace;Focused on C/C composites processing technology progress,especially in the combined machining of Ultrasonic machining、Electrical discharge machining and Machining;Based on the progress in C/C composites processing technology,the problems are stated and the prospective tasks of this field are proposed.Providing new ideas and direction :the mechanism of heterogeneous material cutting,the key technology of processing and the tool development.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an emergent research area in medical field in finding the exact size, shape, position, appearance, and location of tumor. In this paper, we develop and implement a new method based on mathematical morphology, which can segment brain tumor from MRI images, usable for early detection of intracranial tumors. The method consists of two stages to detect and segment a brain tumor. Firstly, quality of input image is enhanced using morphological operators. Secondly, appropriate threshold value is used to segment brain tumor from MRI images. Experimental result confirms the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of performance preservation.


As my country's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. The scale of the distribution network is gradually increasing, and the manpower, material and financial resources involved are increasing day by day. Therefore, scientific comprehensive investment evaluation and decision-making for the distribution network is of great significance to the sustainable development of the distribution network. Based on hierarchical analysis method and entropy weight method, this paper proposes an evaluation model of analytic hierarchy process based on entropy weight. Score the indicators of 142 substations in a city, and calculate the comprehensive score of each substation. According to the evaluation results, relevant suggestions are given for the next stage of investment in different power supply stations in a certain city. On this basis, the analytic hierarchy process based on entropy weight is improved. Combining the variable weight theory to optimize the weight calculated by the model, and then obtain a more reasonable comprehensive score of the substation.


Bioorthogonal reactions have widespread applications in biological systems, and development of new bioorthogonal reactions has been of great interest over the past two decades. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a family of fluorinated dibenzocyclooctynes (FDIBOs). The electron-deficient nature of fluorine atoms significantly accelerated the reaction of cyclooctynes in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, with either benzyl azide or ethyl diazoacetate, comparing to conventional dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO). In addition, FDIBOs showed unique trackable properties, because of the high NMR sensitivity of naturally abundant 19F isotope. Biological molecules, including monosaccharide, peptide, and protein were tested with FDIBOs, and these reactions could be easily monitored by 19F NMR to evaluate the progress of conjugation reactions. In addition, labeling of live cells was also demonstrated with metabolically modified bacteria to expand the possible applications of FDIBOs.


The doctrine of 'immunity', whether considered in terms of state immunity (the immunity of the state against claims by embassy employees), or diplomatic immunity (the immunity of diplomatic agents against claims by their own employed staff) acts to block employment law claims and therefore prevent access to justice for certain employment law groups. This article discusses recent developments in the doctrine of immunity in the context of the jurisdictional scope of EU (employment) law. In particular, it considers two recent trends in the development of the immunity doctrine. The first trend is the erosion of the 'absolute' nature of state immunity and an increased willingness at both EU and national (UK) levels to consider state immunity as just one factor in the 'balancing' exercise associated with human rights. The second trend considered in this article is that associated with diplomatic immunity. Whilst there have been signs of a relaxation of the strict operation of this doctrine in some cases, there is also evidence of a judicial reluctance to erode diplomatic immunity in others. The article discusses the arguments put forward in both (state and diplomatic immunity) cases, and particularly what they reveal about the current understanding of the jurisdictional scope and public/private divide in EU employment law.


A simpler methodology has reported for the fabrication of non-toxic functionalized soluble carbon nano-rods for the sensing of Fe(iii) and Cr(vi) in aqueous media.


Wet paper coding is a technique that can be used to embed secrets into some specific pixels, called dry pixels, of a digital image. The fully exploiting modifications method (FEM) is a method applied to convey secrets securely from senders to receivers using a stego-image that is slightly modified from the original digital image. Based on FEM, before embedding, we randomly choose pixels in the image to define as wet or dry and treat every pair of two consecutive pixels as a token. If the token consists of at least one dry pixel, it is judged as embeddable; otherwise, it is unembeddable. Experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve very good visual quality and high embedding payload.


The existence or presence of micro, small and medium enterprises ("UMKM") has an economic, social, and political impact. Goods or services produced from UMKM activities have economic value and are cheap. UMKM has advantages, one of which is having a strategic role in dealing with the ups and downs of the economy in Indonesia. Licensing is needed to guarantee the business activities of UMKM actors. Licensing is very important for UMKM players considering the increasingly global business competition and currently entering the process of economic liberalization. It is clear in Government Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning Ease, Protection, and Empowerment of Cooperatives and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, that in order to increase national economic growth, empowerment and licensing of UMKM is needed. The method used in this paper is normative juridical. The legal issue that will be examined in this paper is regarding the licensing of UMKM that provide legal protection and create a welfare state. UMKM licensing as a form of legal protection has an important value and has an impact, namely the business becomes legal, is provided with legal assistance, is used for capital applications with the aim of improving the quality and quantity of products and being able to compete with products from within and outside the country, access to business assistance from the government, and empowerment or supervision from the government so as to create a welfare state.


The problem of eigenmodes of an open transmission resonator with gyrotropic ferrite medium is theoretically solved and existence of surface magnon polariton (SMP) modes with field high concentration on border of the ferrite resonator is determined. All possible combined modes of existence of surfaced and volumetric modes are analyzed, dependences of their resonant frequencies vs. medium material parameters and resonator and ferrite layer geometrical sizes are determined.


The master thesis concentrates on a study of the possible use of irradiated polymer products after their lifetime period. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the issue and the practical part describes the preparation of material and its mixture with the irradiated material, injection of specimens and the tests themselves. The basic material, a low density polyethylene (LDPE) was mixed with the irradiated LDPE in the given proportion. The main advantage of polyolefins is their crosslinking ability without the need of the crosslinking agent. As a reset, the chase of LDPE mechanical properties was studied.


This research report looks empirically and critically at gender and sexuality in a selection of primary and secondary Polish EFL classrooms, in terms of representation in textbooks and classroom discourse overall.


We construct a simple example of an integrable function on the ring of integers of the $p$-adic field $\Q_p$ having an almost everywhere divergent Fourier series. On the other hand, we prove the pointwise convergence of the Fourier series of functions in $L^p(\D,w)$, $1<p<\infty$, where $\D$ is the ring of integers of a local field $K$ and $w$ is a weight in the Muckenhoupt $A_p$ class. This result includes, as special cases, when $\D$ is the ring of integers of $\Q_p$ or the field $\mathbb{F}_q((X))$ of formal Laurent series over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, and in particular, when $\D$ is the Walsh-Paley or dyadic group $2^\omega$. To achieve this, we establish a weighted estimate for the maximal operator corresponding to the Fourier partial sum operators for functions in $L^p(\D,w)$. As an application, we characterize the Schauder basis property of the Gabor systems in a local field $K$ of positive characteristic in terms of the $A_2$ weights on $\D\times\D$ and the Zak transform $Zg$ of the window function $g$ that generates the Gabor system. Some examples are given to illustrate this result. In particular, we construct an example of a Gabor system which is complete and minimal, but fails to be a Schauder basis for $L^2(K)$.


An analytical comparison between three techniques for the identification of modal properties of structures when subjected to ambient vibrations is performed. The algorithms examined include the eigensystem realization algorithm with data correlations, the prediction error method through least squares, and the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) technique. Both analytical and experimental data from a four-storey building scaled at 1:3 are used to perform these evaluations. The level of noise added to the simulated data is varied to study the robustness of the techniques. All techniques are fully automated, allowing for assessments to be conducted through Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that the SSI technique provides the most accurate identification of natural frequencies and mode shapes even with high noise levels, all while requiring the least amount of experience for implementation.


Simple parametrized analytic expansions for both the velocity autocorrelation function and its associated memory function are presented. Two methods have been used to fix the parameters. One is to use the Maclaurin expansion of the velocity autocorrelation function through terms in t4. The other is to assume that the velocity autocorrelation function decays exponentially for long times and to use only the coefficients of t2 in the Maclaurin expansion. The results are compared to the molecular dynamics calculations of Rahman and Levesque and Verlet.


A class of optimum IIR discrete time systems based on the impulse response symmetry criterion is presented. Optimization of rational transfer function parameters of the second to the tenth order, with (i) zeros at the origin and (ii) zeros located on the real axis, is carried out. The optimum systems have the smallest symmetry error for a given system order. In the frequency domain they approximate a constant group delay and have a quasi Gaussian amplitude response. The filter design procedure is outlined. The impulse invariance method based on continuous time systems with symmetric impulse response is also considered.


Objective: Examine the effect of both local and systemic dexamethasone administration on facial nerve return of function after complete axotomy and immediate microsurgical repair in a rat model. After nerve injury, an exaggerated neuro-inflammatory process may hinder regeneration. Therefore, our hypothesis is that glucocorticoid administration will improve nerve recovery. Method: A total of 74 Wistar rats underwent facial nerve axotomy with immediate neurorrhaphy. Blinded and randomized, rats were assigned a postoperative group: control (no therapy), systemic dexamethasone 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 3 doses, or topical dexamethasone 2 or 4 mg/mL. Standardized facial assessments and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed. Results: At 8 weeks, rats receiving systemic dexamethasone at 1 and 5 mg/kg attained greater eye blink closure (P = .014 and P = .018, respectively) and vibrissae motion (P = .018 and P = .023, respectively) compared with controls. Systemic dexamethasone at 0.5 and 10 mg/kg had similar facial motion to controls. Intraoperative topical application of dexamethasone 2 or 4 mg/mL to the neurorrhaphy site was not superior to controls. Gross facial motion assessments were corroborated with vibrissae motion frequency video analysis. NCS's indicated an increased return of compound muscle action potential amplitude levels to baseline among rats that received systemic dexamethasone 5 mg/kg (P = .048). Conclusion: In a rat facial nerve axotomy model, postneurorrhaphy systemic dexamethasone therapy improved functional and neurophysiological outcomes at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg. Locally delivered steroid was not beneficial compared with control groups. Therefore, systemic glucocorticoid administration may provide a substantial recovery benefit after facial nerve injury.


This paper aims to explore the integration of field spectroscopy and satellite remote sensing approaches to detect underground structures in Cyprus. A SVC-HR1024 field spectroradiometer was used and in-band reflectances were determined for medium resolution Landsat 7 ETM satellite sensor. In order to study possible differences of the spectral signature of vegetation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Simple Ratio (SR) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) have been used for the detection of underground military structures. The simulation results show that Vegetation Indices are highly useful and extremely valuable for detection underground infrastructures in Cyprus. In this study, two test areas were identified, analyzed and modelled: Area (a) which is a Vegetation Area covered with vegetation (barley), in the presence of an underground military structure, and Area (b) which is a Vegetation Area covered with vegetation (barley), in the absence of an underground military structure.


STANDARDS
There is insufficient evidence to support treatment standards.

GUIDELINES
There is insufficient evidence to support treatment guidelines.

OPTIONS
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) should be avoided if possible or corrected as soon as possible after acute spinal cord injury.Maintenance of mean arterial blood pressure at 85 to 90 mm Hg for the first 7 days after acute spinal cord injury to improve spinal cord perfusion is recommended.


This brief introduces Topology Voltage Frequency Scaling (TVFS), a performance management technique for embedded Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) deployed on low-power CPUs. Using TVFS, pre-trained ConvNets can be efficiently processed over a continuous stream of data, enabling reliable and predictable multi-inference tasks under latency constraints. Experimental results, collected from an image classification task built with MobileNet-v1 and ported into an ARM Cortex-A15 core, reveal TVFS holds fast and continuous inference (from few runs, up to 2000), ensuring a limited accuracy loss (from 0.9% to 3.1%), and better thermal profiles (average temperature 16.4 °C below the on-chip critical threshold).


Discrepancies between chiroptical data from the literature and our determination of the structure of the title compounds (+)-5 and (+)-9a were resolved by an unambiguous assignment of their absolute configuration. Accordingly, the dextrorotatory cis-3-hydroxy esters have (3R,4R)- and the laevorotatory enantiomers (3S,4S)-configuration. The final evidences were demonstrated on both enantiomers (+)- and (−)-5 by biological reduction of 4 by bakers' yeast and stereoselective [RuII(binap)]-catalyzed hydrogenations of 4 (Scheme 2), by the application of the NMR Mosher method on (+)- and (−)-5 (Scheme 3), as well as by the transformation of (+)-5 into a common derivative and chiroptical correlation (Scheme 4).


Abstract : Aqueous phase pulsed corona discharge is considered an alternative for wastewater treatment. This report presents an analysis of the physical and chemical aspects of corona discharge in water, in salt solutions, and in solutions containing added particles. The addition of activated carbon to liquid phase corona discharges leads to enhanced streamer production and higher sparkover voltages. Higher sparkover voltages and enhanced streamer production are expected to lead to enhanced production of reactive species that lead to pollutant degradation. A mathematical model describing bulk solution chemical reactions, chemical reactions in the particle phase, and diffusion into the particle phase, has been developed using the methods of spatial averaging. Measurement of phenol degradation and byproduct formation in the liquid phase corona reactor with and without added particles and at various applied voltages was performed. Experiments with corona in the presence of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) indicate that corona is able to mechanically disrupt the structure of the foam and that a corona discharge can be created in the presence of a foam. Foamability measurements indicate however, that the pulsed corona may not significantly chemically degrade the AFFF.


Previously we have reported that cross-reactive memory CD8 T cells specific for the Flu-M158-66 epitope (GILGFVFTL) respond to the EBV-BMLF1280-288 epitope (GLCTLVAML) during the course of EBV infection and contribute to the onset of infectious mononucleosis. Recently we have found that the memory CD8 T cells specific for the Flu-M158-66 are also cross-reactive to an additional EBV epitope, EBV-BRLF1109-117 (YVLDHLIVV). Here we sought to determine the cross-reactive properties of the Flu-M158-66 specific cells in EBV sero-negative individuals. CD8 T cells cultured in the presence of the cross-reactive EBV epitopes preferentially expanded the Flu-M158-66 specific cells. Although these expanded cells did not stain with EBV pentamers they were able to produce cytokine in response to EBV peptides. Additionally these cells were capable of killing autologous EBV infected targets. Interestingly the T cell repertoire demonstrated unique characteristics including nearly complete domination by a single Vβ17 and Vα27clonotype with a unique CDR3 motif. Taken together these data suggest that an altered T cell repertoire could mediate protection against viral infection.


Abstract Teacher performance evaluation of SMK Negeri 1 Beringin Deli Serdang Regency was conducted on 3 teachers as samples of teacher performance appraisal data as material for consideration of the continued relationship of cooperation for the future budget. Components of performance appraisal of teacher performance at VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 1 Beringin Deli Serdang Regency are work performance, performance quantity, performance discipline, cooperation, and loyalty. Problems with the teacher performance appraisal process that occur due to unclear criteria and assessment weights. A method in a decision support system can help the optimal decision making process, the AHP method in determining the performance evaluation of honorary employees. There are three employee performance weights, which are very good, good, sufficient and good enough, from 3 employees who are categorized by performance appraisal, after applying the AHP method, it is obtained Irmala, S.Kom value = 1.139 Iswadi, S.Kom value = 0.739 and Hadi Suprayetno, ST value = 0.79, the three teachers were categorized with very good performance assessments.


Surabaya is the area with the highest spread of the Covid 19 virus in East Java. Every day more people infected with this virus in the city of Surabaya. With the high number of the spread of the Covid 19 virus, the Surabaya city government and the East Java provincial government imposed large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) to break the chain of spreading the virus. In addition, nationally, the minister of national education, with the COVID-19 pandemic, issued regulations for learning from home for schools from elementary to high school and university. The problem arises when learning activities from home for students who are in a boarding house because it is affected economically, socially and psychologically. There are those who cannot go home because of PSBB regulations, they are afraid that their home area will be in the red zone and various other reasons that require them to stay in the boarding house. This community service has a target of increasing nutritional resilience and immunity, especially to ward off disease and maintain body immunity so that it remains excellent for students who survive at the boarding house. The method used was data collection of students affected by Covid 19 who survived in the boarding houses around the Ketintang UNESA campus and the distribution of nutrition and immunity enhancing food ingredients. As a result, there were 35 packages distributed to Unesa FE management students who were affected by Covid 19 to survive at home until now. The recipient of the package considers that the package is very important to maintain endurance so that it is not susceptible to disease. Keywords: Strengthening nutrition, immunity, management students, covid 19


Making use of an universal quantum network or QCPU proposed by me [6], some special quantum networks for simulating some quantum systems are given out. Specially, it is obtained that the quantum network for the time evolution operator which can simulate, in general, Schr\"odinger equation.


Curious parallels have been drawn between Okolo, the central character in The Voice, and a number of other literary characters. For instance, Sunday Anozie sees Okolo in the light of Hamlet seeking to get to the "bottom" of things, but having to run his head against the wall constituted by the usurping King Cladius. He also identifies in The Voice thematic echoes from Conrad's Victory and claims that the tragedy of Okolo is comparable to that of Axell Heyst. Eustace Palmer likens Okolo to Christian in Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, and to Man in Armah's The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born because all these characters in their search for salvation "play symbolic roles, representing forces and ideas much larger than themselves." He goes further to recognize in Okolo's quest something of the search for the Holy Grail in Eliot's "The Waste Land." He then compares Okolo's persecution in Sologa with that of Clarence in Part I of Camara Laye's The Radiance of the King, and finds in Okolo the picaresque heroic qualities of Don Quixote. In his own study of the novel, Emmanuel Obiechina virtually makes a Christ of Okolo in an attempt to establish the presence of all the main stages of the Passion story in Okolo's life.


In the first quarter of 1997 R.V. "Walther Herwig III" took part in the internationally (ICES) coordinated International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) in the North Sea. A total of 365 half-hour tows using a standardized GOV-net were made by seven research vessels in order to determine the strength of incoming yearclasses of cod, haddock, whiting, Norway pout, herring, sprat, and mackerel. Overall results, though preliminary show a considerable increase of the index figures for cod, Norway pout, herring, and mackerel whereas the indices for haddock, sprat, and whiting indicate lower recruitment figures. Water temperatures and salinity values were unhomogeneously below and above of the longterm mean.


Background Real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) is non-invasive and reliable for quantitatively evaluate stiffness of tissues and organs. Until now, little researches have applied SWE to evaluate brain tissue of premature neonates. This study sought to compare differences in the average brain tissue elasticity modulus (Emean) values of neonates, and explore the factors affecting these differences. Methods In total, 159 neonates admitted from December 2019 to February 2021 were taken as the study subjects and divided into 2 groups based on their time of birth. Premature neonates, full-term neonates, and neonates with neonatal pneumonia were included in this study. Of the 159 neonates, 76 were premature and 83 were full-term. SWE was used to quantitatively evaluate the Emean of bilateral paraventricular white matter, thalamus, and choroid, and to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and Emeans in both groups of neonates. Results The Emeans of the paraventricular white matter, thalamus, and choroid of the premature neonates were lower than those of the full-term neonates (P<0.001). The BMI of the premature and full-term neonates was positively correlated to the bilateral paraventricular white matter, thalamus, and choroid Emean. Conclusions SWE can be used to quantitatively evaluate the brain tissue stiffness of neonates, and as a reference for neonatal brain-related diseases.


Lithium naphthalenide presents itself as a mild and efficient reagent for the cleavage of α,β-epoxy ketones to give the corresponding β-hydroxy ketones in good yields.


Evaluation of ecological environment frangibility is important for knowledge,preservation,reform of the ecological environment,and harmonious relation between man and nature.This paper analyses the connotation and mechanism of ecological environment frangibility,holding that ecological environment frangibility is characterized as being compound,dynamic,relative and controllable.A comparative analysis of the static evaluation and dynamic evaluation of ecological environment frangibility is made.The result shows that,the static evaluation is qualitative description of the nature of ecological environment frangibility,which can not meet the demand of man to know,preserve and reform the ecological environment,and the dynamic evaluation takes into consideration its driving mechanism,evolution process and developing trend.The dynamic evaluation is the developing trend of research on ecological environment frangibility.


Objective To accommodate to the requirement of medical market,promote the development of nursing,and improve patients' satisfaction.Method We set up charge nurse posts in the related sections of outpatient department,specified the responsibilities,duties and objectives,and provided standardized management,training,and evaluation.Result This practice improved the quality of nursing,and strengthened the focus of quality control in outpatient department.Conclusion Setting up charge nurse posts could promote the control and constant improvement of the quality of nursing.


Contemporary American playwrights like Eugene O'Neill,Arthur Miller,Edward Albee,Tennessee Williams,Sam Shepard and Lillian Hellman have all in their works depicted the changing of family ethics in a serious but also profound way.Affected by the values of commercialism,the relationship of married couples and different generations are confronted with imbalance and alienation in modern American society.The dramatists point out that as money becomes the only measure of human value,and men are reduced to commodities,the ethical relations between family members are changing gradually,which subsequently leads to social problems such as the disintegration of the family,the vulnerability of marriage,and the plight of human survival.The playwrights advocate the return of the traditional family ethics,approving the wife-husband relationship based on love,affirming duty-based and mutual-love rooted relationship between generations while condemning money-oriented family ethics.


Dosimetric measurements are carried out on an inhomogeneous anatomical phantom of definite size to assess both incident skin and ovary doses resulting from certain routine pelvic radiographs and fluoroscopic examinations, as a function of X-ray quality and ovarian position.


Rational Fitting with Weighted Iteration (RFWI), a novel approach to high frequency circuit analysis is presented in this paper. It has a capability to extract an analytical rational function from the system response in frequency domain as a surrogate function and then easily build the equivalent circuit as a surrogate circuit. Its flexible weighting factor allows the key region of the response to be emphasised. This reliable and efficient approach is demonstrated by an application in a chassis antenna with two resonators. The RFWI technique is a key feature to find a surrogate model, which could be combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to realize the automated design in the future.


This case is a follow up to a previous case on the Chinese company BYD which had hoped in 2008 to soon become the world's largest car company. With the support of American Warren Buffett, the company which had only been in existence for a few years at that time caught the attention of not only Mr. Buffett, but also many in the auto industry. This case re-examines the Company, explains the progress made by the Company since the original case was written, and explores its current strategic position. From rather humble beginnings not long ago BYD has become a major player in the Chinese auto industry and a global leader in electric vehicles


Abstract Participation in the European Economic Area (EEA) and the intention to join the monetary union increased the motivation of the new Member States to achieve a high level synchronisation of economic activity with the euro area. This paper aims to characterise fluctuations of economic activity that are common for the Baltic States, Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, euro area countries, and Russia. For analysis of real standardised GDP growth, the dynamic factor model is employed. The results of the study show that the Baltic economies are similar in economic development and share a common factor. After 2000, GDP growth between the Baltic States and the main euro area countries indicates growing synchronisation of economic development between these country groups.


Clinical summary. A 19-year-old woman from Albaniawas admitted for respiratory distress. One month previously,she had a normal uncomplicated delivery. Fifteen days later,leg edema, left-sided chest pain, and progressive dyspneadeveloped. On admission, physical examination revealed anill-looking woman with a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min, apulse rate of 150 beats/min, an arterial blood pressure of80/40 mm Hg, and a temperature of 38.3°C. Ascites andpleural fluid were detected on percussion and auscultation,and veins in the neck were dilated. Computed tomographic(CT) scan of the thorax demonstrated an extended mass of theanterior and middle mediastinum, exerting pressure on theright subclavian vein and superior vena cava. An extrinsiccompression on the right superior lobar bronchus, atelectasisof the middle lobe, and right pleural effusion were revealed(Fig 1). CT scanning of the abdomen showed extensivehepatomegaly and prominent abdominal effusion. Echo-cardiography revealed an extracardiac mass encircling theposterior surface of the right and left atria and partly encir-cling the right and left ventricles. This mass resulted in com-pression of the superior vena cava and distention of the infe-rior vena cava. On diagnostic aspiration, the pleural fluidThoracic actinomycosis is a rare pathologic condition fre-quently masquerading as cancer of the lung. The mistakendiagnosis may result in thoracotomy and pulmonary resectionas treatment, given that the majority of the cases initiallyremain undiagnosed. Because of the high mortality of the dis-ease, if untreated, it is imperative to obtain the diagnosis assoon as possible. Appropriate treatment may ensure a goodprognosis.


In  the following paper the form  is  described  like  the  application  was  developed  that allowed to make use of one of the techniques of test non destructive (NTD), as it is it the artificial vision for the determination of the quality in the superficial area of industrial pinions. With the use of diverse techniques of Artificial Vision you achievement to obtain a characterization  of  the  object to  study (An  Industrial  Pinions), where  parameters  like radios, diameters, quantity of teeth, fissures, among other characteristics were the basics for the determination of the Quality. Additionally the techniques of illumination and conversions of units in pixels to real units make part of the efficiency of the application allowing to improve and to simplify prosecution in software, creating an atmosphere in hardware that allows that the application is quicker. This way with this group, the application you more autonomous restitution for the determination of the quality of the product.


With the presently increasing trend of etourism, Travel Blog aims to allow travelers to post their travel experiences online to share information and opinions about various destinations. Set up in 2002, Travel Blog is one of the pioneers to popularize the trend of online travel blogging, and it is presently one of the most popular travel-related web 2.0 sites on the Internet. The website has more than 100,000 members worldwide with a daily increase of approximately 100 new members. The website also hosts a broad variety of information—including over 400,000 blog entries, 50,000 maps, and 3 million photos. At present, there are a number of websites that provide similar functions. Travel Blog, however, has been very prominent in the field. This is evidenced by the positive feedback received from various media sources and periodicals. The site was even listed as one of the top travel websites.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to summarize findings from research into knowledge sharing and to provide suggestions for further research.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review was carried out through three phases – review protocol, conducting the review and reporting the review. A thematic analysis was carried out on 61 peer reviewed studies.

Findings
The review looks at the impact of knowledge sharing in three categories – individual, team and organizational. The main factors studied were creativity, performance and learning. Knowledge sharing goes beyond work-related impacts and has a positive effect on team climate, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Directions for future research were identified as adopting an interaction and process perspective, investigating negative, differential and psychological impacts and improving methodology through use of qualitative and longitudinal studies.

Practical implications
As knowledge sharing does have positive psychological effects including enhanced job and life satisfaction it would be beneficial to build it into the organization's well-being program.

Originality/value
This paper has an original approach as it is the first systematic review to be carried out on research into knowledge sharing and suggests areas for further investigation.


This paper mainly discusses the transmission performance of terrestrial digital multimedia-television broadcasting (DTMB) and Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T). The Modulation Error Ratio (MER) was discussed using different carrier modulation QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM under a noise Ratio of -30dB. The PN Sequence patterns of the protected interval were 420 symbols and 945 symbols, respectively. The bandwidth is 8MHz. The experimental results show that DTMB becomes the highest in QPSK, and MER is about 37.6dB higher than DVB-T by about 3dB, and is capable of supporting multiple services with different quality of service requirements.


This study discusses the origins and characteristics of the 'general assembly' (generalis congregatio), which can be regarded as the classical palatinal judicial forum outside the seat of the palatine from the XIVth century on. The institution came into existence in the XIIIth century, the first palatinal assembly was convoked by Denes from the Pec kindred in 1273. According to the general characteristic of the palatinal assembly, the palatine judged in a concrete county the local malefactors with the Tocal lord' (Latin: comes, Hungarian: ispan) of the county, the administrative officers of the noble county (Latin: iudex nobilium, Hungarian: szolgabiro, i.e. 'judge of servitors'), the twelve assessors and the nobility of the county. Concerning the origins, I presume a model, which differs from the previous ones. According to my assumption, the roots of this institution do not go back to the beginning of the XIII01 century, as it is often can be read in scholarly literature. In my opinion the antitype of the palatinal assemblies and the ones convoked by the bans, is to be found in the royal assemblies which had the same name. In the early 1270s the palatine, the ban of Slavonia (and later the voivode of Transylvania) were only temporarily assigned to supervise these royal assemblies. Laws ratified this situation only in 1290. Thus, although in theory, the palatines convoked general assemblies since 1273 on a temporary hasis (otherwise only in exceptional cases), the palatinal generalis congregatio that was held on the palatine's own right, emerged only after 1290.


The paper explores the influences of emotions on human decision making, especially in context of finance. It reviews the psychological, neuroscientific and neuroeconomic evidence about the topic and shows which applications these insights have found in behavioral finance and the new subject of neurofinance. Several descriptive and formal approaches are introduced and their usefulness is discussed.


This document presents the systematic series of steps taken in order to identify potential areas of improvement in techniques for Operations Research and Management Science (OR/MS). The process used to determine the set of actionable research statements (produced as part of Project Deliverable P1) is a robust system that can be used to identify opportunities for improvement in the future. This multi-stage procedure is centered on incorporating the knowledge and experience of current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) professionals, with the knowledge base of the OR/MS community, to identify the areas and activities of TxDOT that can realistically and significantly be improved with the incorporation of OR/MS techniques.


The present article examines the First Crusade's passage through the Kingdom of Hungary. Basing on the two main narrative sources: the Historia Ierosolimitana of Albert of Aachen and the chronicle of the William of Tyre the author comments on the relationship between the king of Hungary, Coloman the Learned, and Western European crusaders, which is the starting point to discuss a wider problem of opinion on newly christianizeed Hungary from the post-Carolingian Europe's point of view. As it has been shown, the Kingdom of Hungary at the time of the First Crusade was perceived as a member of Latin Christendom. Furthermore there is no evidence in contemporary Latin narrative sources for the chroniclers' negative approach towards Hunagarian Monarchy.


Method and system for determining the filling sufficiency of electrochemical biosensor by determining the capacitance of the electrochemical test cell is provided. .FIELD 9E


We compare roles of propagating modes in resonant and non-resonant dielectric double-groove gratings that exhibit spatially asymmetric diffraction phenomena by accounting for the mode profiles and the coupling strength between the modes and diffraction orders.


This paper describes and analyses the performance form,basic meaning and grammatical fuctions as well as the singularization of plural form of personal pronoun in Yanggao dialect. It is concluded that the personal pronoun in Yanggao dialect has uniqueness:by using two sets of phonetic forms "A","B"to express different gramatical meanings,the two are complementary distribution on semantics;the plurality of the three personal pronoun have respectful name forms,plural form expresses singular meaning.


In this dissertation I validated a serious game for cognitive assessment that was originally developed in my Masters thesis (Tong, 2014). I used a whack-a-mole game that requires response inhibition, by adding a distractor character that should not be hit. I evaluated the game as a potential screening tool for the clinically relevant condition of delirium, and I examined how game performance was correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a standard assessment of cognitive ability in the elderly. Patients 65 years and older presenting at the Sunnybrook emergency department participated in three clinical studies and response time (RT) on the game was found to be significantly correlated with MMSE scores, and sufficiently predictive of whether the person had delirium as determined by the Confusion Assessment Method. Comparing game performance at 8-hour intervals, I found that game RT showed good test-retest reliability in the second clinical study. In the third clinical study, I found that false alarm rate provided a useful supplement to median correct RT in predicting clinical measures. Following the clinical studies, I evaluated the game with healthy adults in a pilot study to determine how the duration of character appearance affected whether the task was speeded or


The objective of this study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of sperm collection methods on the post-thaw viability of cat semen. The cat semen was collected by artificial virginal (AV) and electronic ejaculate (EE) methods. The composition of semen extender was consisted of Tris-buffer supplemented with 20% egg yolk and 1% P/S antibiotics in Ext I, and more added 8% glycerol, 1.0% Equex STM paste of total volume in Ext II. The collected semen was adjusted the concentration and then diluted in Ext I for optimal concentration. The diluted semen was cooling to 5℃ temperature in refrigerator for at least 2 hrs and then diluted stepwise with Ext II for at least 1 hrs. After an equilibration for 1 hrs, the cooled semen was packaged in 0.5 ml straw and then freezing on the LN2 vapor over 5 cm above from LN2 and then immersed directly in LN2 for cryopreservation. The frozen semen was thawed in 38℃ water for 15 sec and then evaluated the motility, viability, and morphology. Post-thaw semen were calculated the motility by SMI (sperm motility index). The live-dead sperm was evaluated by Eosin-B and morphological evaluation was by Diff-quik kit staining. The post-thaw concentration (89×106 /ml vs. 128×106 /ml), viability (22.6±10.6% vs. 37.1±26.1%), morphological normality (27.0±50.2% vs. 45.6±123.0%) of EE and AV groups were not significant different, but the post-thaw motility was significant lower in EE than that in AV group (53.1±3.6 vs. 73.6±5.7) (p<0.05). In conclusion, semen collection methods did not significant different between EE and AV groups except of post-thaw motility and so both semen collection methods could be applied in feline semen collection methods.


Intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding impacts disease transmission dynamics; therefore, understanding the host factors associated with individual variation in pathogen shedding is key to controlling and preventing outbreaks. In this study, ileum and bursa of Fabricius tissues of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV) were evaluated at various post-infection time points to determine genetic host factors associated with intraspecific variation in viral shedding. By analyzing transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-seq), we found that LPAIV-infected mallards do not exhibit differential gene expression compared to uninfected birds, but that gene expression was associated with viral shedding quantity early in the infection. In both tissues, immune genes were mostly up-regulated in higher shedding birds and had significant positive relationships with viral shedding. In the ileum, host genes involved in viral cell entry were down-regulated in low shedders one day post-infection (DPI), and host genes promoting viral replication were up-regulated in high shedders on two DPI. Our findings indicate that viral shedding is a key factor for gene expression differences in LPAIV-infected mallards, and the genes identified in this study could be important for understanding the molecular mechanisms driving intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding.


Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis, usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor associated with psoriasis [Taylor et al. 2006; Reece et al. 1999].

Although PsA was first described and classified in the 1970s it is only in more recent times that its serious consequences have been studied and understood more widely, not only among rheumatologists but also in the broader medical community. The clinical phenotype varies widely, which has led to difficulties with classification, diagnosis and therefore predicting prognosis. Initially, PsA was considered a benign disease, one study suggesting only 11% of patients developed erosions over 7 years [Shbeeb et al. 2000]. However, in the same journal it was highlighted that a number of reports suggested a high occurrence of erosions in as many as 46—62% of patients [Veale, 2000]. The incidence of PsA varies from 5.4 to 42% depending on the report. In a Finnish population-based study 46% of patients developed erosions [Kaipiainen-Seppanen, 1996] and in another study 62% of patients worsened and the pattern of disease changed over time [Jones et al. 1994]. Several recent studies, however, suggest PsA is progressive, often disabling and associated with increased mortality [Gladman, 2008]. In a study of early arthritis clinic patients, PsA accounted for 13% of new patients and progressive, erosive damage occurred in almost 50% of patients in the first 2 years [Kane and Pathare, 2005].

In the absence of evidence from randomized clinical trials, methotrexate is generally accepted to be useful for controlling peripheral arthritis, but it has little efficacy in spinal disease [Van Der Horst-Bruinsma et al. 2002]. In a study of early PsA, however, erosive damage appeared to develop even when methotrexate therapy was commenced early [Kane and Pathare, 2005]. This raises the question, should anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents be introduced early? Remission implies the reversibility of functional impairment, minimal or no progression to joint destruction, and at least a theoretic potential to heal a damaged joint [Emery et al. 2007]. Recent studies suggest remission may now be attainable in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the advent of anti-TNF therapy [Breedveld et al. 2004], however RA remission has been defined by different criteria: a Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) value of 2.6 or lower [Saleem et al. 2006]; imaging — no progression on X-ray/ultrasound/MRI; or American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria [Arnett et al. 1988]. Drug-induced remission may be defined as minimal or no clinically detectable disease activity in the presence of continuing drug treatment, which is not stopped or interrupted, but is required to retain the remission state [Goekoop-Ruiterman et al. 2005]. Drug-free remission persists in the absence of medication. In a recent editorial, de Vlam and Lories highlighted that remission may now be a possible goal in PsA [de Vlam and Lories, 2008] and our group have published our latest PsA cohort analysis of remission following TNF therapy [Saber et al. 2010].


We have examined the stepwise-resonant three-photon-ionization spectrum of neutral Zirconium atoms using three separately-tunable pulsed visible dye lasers. The ground-level (first-step) transitions were chosen on the basis of demonstrated 91Zr selectivity. Lifetimes of even-parity levels around 36000 cm-1, measured with the delayed- photoionization technique, range from 10 to 100 nsec. Direct ionization cross sections appear to be less than 10-17 cm2; newly-detected autoionizing levels give peak ionization cross sections (inferred from saturation fluences) up to 10-15 cm2. Portions of Rydberg series converging to the 315 and 763 cm-1 levels of Zr+ were identified. 'Clumps' of autoionizing levels are thought to be due to Rydberg-valence mixing.


Various formats to perform editing documents in machine-readable format are proliferating. The race for hegemony in control "electronic document" only just begun. Each company or group of companies has its own rules. Who will prevail? This report analyzes the technical characteristics of the major formats and standards available in the market to place electronic information products. An increasing number of "documents" that are published in computer-readable form. And, thanks to the "media revolution", they can contain text, numerical data, graphics, images (still or moving) and / or sound. But it can easily happen that the various electronic information products that are produced are isolated from the rest because they are not adjusted to standards that will facilitate consistent management of heterogeneous products. This can produce the paradoxical situation of increased products and electronic information services, but do not grow at the same rate the facilities for the public at large access to all of them.


The invention provides a loop circuit heat tube type solar energy system which comprises a solar water heater and a heat utilization device. The loop circuit heat tube type solar energy system comprises an auxiliary heating device and further comprises an auxiliary electric heater, wherein the auxiliary heating device is in parallel connection with pipelines of a solar water heater system, the electric heater is automatically started according to the temperature of water fed into the electric heater and heats hot water. The energy-saving loop circuit heat tube type solar water heater improves the solar heat utilization capacity.


The invention discloses a clustered data query method, a client side and a system. The clustered data query method includes: connection is established with a data base agent device; query conditions are sent to the data base agent device; results which are respectively obtained on the query conditions by data base servers, obtained through each data base server in a data base cluster and returned from the data base agent device are received as first query results; the first query results are stored in an appointed data base server; query results which are obtained by dividing the first query results into groups according to preset conditions and returned by the appointed data base server based on grouping query conditions and stored data are received. According to the clustered data query method, the client side and the system, collective processing in data query is carried out without adopting MAPREDUCE, and simple operation of inserting data in the appointed data base server and returning to the inserted data again replaces the MAPREDUCE, so that the processing efficiency is high, and query response time delay is reduced.


Grain finishing of cattle has become increasingly common in Australia over the past 30 years. However, interest in the associated environmental impacts and resource use is increasing and requires detailed analysis. In this study we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate impacts of the grain-finishing stage for cattle in seven feedlots in eastern Australia, with a particular focus on the feedlot stage, including the impacts from producing the ration, feedlot operations, transport, and livestock emissions while cattle are in the feedlot (gate-to-gate). The functional unit was 1 kg of liveweight gain (LWG) for the feedlot stage and results are included for the full supply chain (cradle-to-gate), reported per kilogram of liveweight (LW) at the point of slaughter. Three classes of cattle produced for different markets were studied: short-fed domestic market (55–80 days on feed), mid-fed export (108–164 days on feed) and long-fed export (>300 days on feed). In the feedlot stage, mean fresh water consumption was found to vary from 171.9 to 672.6 L/kg LWG and mean stress-weighted water use ranged from 100.9 to 193.2 water stress index eq. L/kg LWG. Irrigation contributed 57–91% of total fresh water consumption with differences mainly related to the availability of irrigation water near the feedlot and the use of irrigated feed inputs in rations. Mean fossil energy demand ranged from 16.5 to 34.2 MJ lower heating values/kg LWG and arable land occupation from 18.7 to 40.5 m2/kg LWG in the feedlot stage. Mean greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the feedlot stage ranged from 4.6 to 9.5 kg CO2-e/kg LWG (excluding land use and direct land-use change emissions). Emissions were dominated by enteric methane and contributions from the production, transport and milling of feed inputs. Linear regression analysis showed that the feed conversion ratio was able to explain >86% of the variation in GHG intensity and energy demand. The feedlot stage contributed between 26% and 44% of total slaughter weight for the classes of cattle fed, whereas the contribution of this phase to resource use varied from 4% to 96% showing impacts from the finishing phase varied considerably, compared with the breeding and backgrounding. GHG emissions and total land occupation per kilogram of LWG during the grain finishing phase were lower than emissions from breeding and backgrounding, resulting in lower life-time emissions for grain-finished cattle compared with grass finishing.


The study discusses several problems : The increasing flow of information inside the governmental and non- governmental bodies which become a basic trait of our information era imposes a necessity of having a special administrative body working with in a comprehensive electronic information system in order  to facilitate the use of information any time and in any from the user demands, and The disability of the traditional information systems to meet the needs of the information centers user , and The lack of awareness of the importance of information technology inside the information centers.


From ancient times, plants have been regarded as therapeutic agents, in addition to their usage as food. Plants are rich sources of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis are medicinal herbs rich in antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant and anticancer properties of Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis extracts using aqueous, ethanol and methanol solvents, to select the best extraction methods and solvents and to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the extracts on HeLa, OVCAR-3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Methanol, aqueous and ethanol extracts were obtained from the dried leaves of the plants and the antioxidant activities of each extract were Received 27.02.2020/ Revised 21.05.2020/ Accepted 07.06.2020/ Published 10.06.2021 :تفايرد ٠٨ / ١٢ / ١٣٩٨ :حلاصا / ٠١ / ٠٣ / ١٣٩٩ :شريذپ / ١٨ / ٠٣ / ١٣٩٩ :راشتنا / ٢٠ / ٠٣ / ١٤٠٠ [ D O I: 1 0. 52 54 7/ nb r. 8. 1. 20 ] [ D O R : 2 0. 10 01 .1 .2 42 36 33 0. 14 00 .8 .1 .1 0. 9 ] [ D ow nl oa de d fr om n br .k hu .a c. ir o n 20 21 -1 124 ]


Due to the high cost of Pt-based materials for electrocatalysis, substitute catalysts composed of nonprecious metals have been in high demand. Herein, an ultrastable electrocatalyst with cobalt nanocrystals grown through the plane of graphene subunits of nitrogen-doped graphenes was synthesized via a one-step route. The catalyst has more positive onset and half-wave potential than Pt/C, high methanol crossover tolerance, and superior stability. It is the introduction of strongly bonded cobalt nanocrystals into the network of graphenes that modulate the electronic properties of the latter, resulting in the superb electrocatalytic performance.


Crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymer films with a different content of an azobenzene moiety were prepared by in-situ photopolymerization, and their photoresponsive behavior was investigated. Observation of the films by polarized absorption spectroscopy and polarizing optical microscopy has revealed that the azobenzene moieties are aligned along the rubbing direction in the films. Upon irradiation with UV light, a film with 5 mol% of the azobenzene bent toward an actinic light source along the rubbing direction. The bent film reverted completely to the initial state upon irradiation with visible light. On the other hand, films with 3 and 1 mol% of the azobenzene showed no obvious bending by continuous irradiation with UV light. The bent film also reverted to the flat state upon continuous irradiation with UV light.


Photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) have high voltage hold-off and fast rise times. When operated in the nonlinear mode the requirement for optical trigger energy is reduced. A two dimensional time dependent computer model has been developed to investigate laser triggering and gain of GaAs PCSS. The role of transport of band-to-band recombination radiation in switch operation is discussed. The location of the laser spot which activates the switch is also investigated.


This article presents a classification tree with predictive and prescriptive capabilities for the management of ground fractures in a crowded suburb in Tláhuac, a municipality of Mexico City. The tree is trained with observations of fractures parametrized with basic geotechnical and geological variables and specifications of the urban environment where they manifest. With the trained tree, the complexity of the scenario affected by the subsidence phenomenon is cleared because the relations between parameters can be viewed easily. With the trained tree, the influence of stratigraphic arrangements (geotechnical properties), geological conditions, size of roads and inhabited units, and location of water-pumping infrastructure in the appearance and exacerbation of cracks in soils is recognized, and this offers citizens and government administrators the possibility of anticipating damages and working on programs for improving structures and foundations, including relocation programs for communities at risk.


Reaction of RNAase A with bromoacetate at pH 5.5 for 1–42 days results in multiple reactions. Alkylation of residues proceeds in the sequence: (1) N-1 of histidine-119; (2) methionine (probably methionine-30); (3) N-3 of histidine-12; (4) N-3 of histidine-105 and N-3 of 1-carboxy-methyl histidine-119; and (5) lysine-1. Both histidine-12 and histidine-119 of the same active site are carboxymethylated. A derivative carboxymethylated at both active site histidines is obtained in 1 day and probably some of this derivative is obtained in short reaction times. This is contrary to the conclusions of earlier investigations. Histidine-48 undergoes little or no reaction. The results are in accord with the X-ray structure of RNAase.


A new process, the Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System (GMODS), has been invented for the direct conversion of plutonium metal, scrap, and residue into borosilicate glass. The glass should be acceptable for either the long-term storage or disposition of plutonium. Conversion of plutonium from complex chemical mixtures and variable geometries into homogeneous glass (1) simplifies safeguards and security; (2) creates a stable chemical form that meets health, safety, and environmental concerns; (3) provides an easy storage form; (4) may lower storage costs; and (5) allows for future disposition options. In the GMODS process, mixtures of metals, ceramics, organics, and amorphous solids containing plutonium are fed directly into a glass melter where they are directly converted to glass. Conventional glass melters can accept materials only in oxide form; thus, it is its ability to accept materials in multiple chemical forms that makes GMODS a unique glass making process. Initial proof-of-principle experiments have converted cerium (plutonium surrogate), uranium, stainless steel, aluminum, and other materials to glass. Significant technical uncertainties remain because of the early nature of process development.


In order to generate high-energy densities of 13.5nm radiation, an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Schwarzschild mirror objective with a numerical aperture of 0.44 and a demagnification of 10 was developed and adapted to a compact laser-based EUV source. The annular spherical mirror substrates were coated with Mo∕Si multilayer systems. With a single mirror reflectance of more than 65% the total transmittance of the Schwarzschild objective exceeds 40% at 13.5nm. From the properties of the EUV source (pulse energy 3mJ at 13.5nm and plasma diameter approximately 300μm), energy densities of 73mJ∕cm2 at a pulse length of 6ns can be estimated in the image plane of the objective. As a first application, the formation of color centers in lithium fluoride crystals by EUV radiation was investigated. F2, F3, and F3+ color centers could be identified by absorption spectroscopy. The formation dynamics was studied as a function of the EUV dose. By imaging of a pinhole positioned behind the plasma, an EUV spot of 5μm diameter...


This study demonstrates that the structure of social comparison effects depends on the type of activated self-cognitions and the type of measure that is used. When neutral or negative self-cognitions are activated, social comparison information is processed defensively (both upward and downward comparison standards lead to positive explicit self-ratings). On an implicit level, however, upward comparison standards increase negativity. When positive self-cognitions are activated, explicit self-ratings show non-defensive contrast effects (upward standards lead to negative self-ratings and downward standards lead to positive self-ratings). On an implicit level no negative consequences surface. These results suggest that social comparison effects can manifest themselves in different forms, and that these will paint different pictures of the social comparison outcomes. Therefore, it is argued that future social comparison research should incorporate both explicit and implicit measures.


"C Programming Language" is one of the necessary courses of college students in science and engineering studying and can electe one of the students learning process design technology-oriented courses. This article assesse the methods described in reforming on C programming language teaching form inspireing students to learn from the interest and enthusiasm, and the comprehensive understanding of the course content, teaching experimental ,approch of testing.


Watermelon Fusarium wilt is an important soil-borne disease,that restricts watermelon production in all areas in the world. The status and prospects of wateremlon Fusarium wilt management are outlined in this article based on authors experiences and literature review.


Sensor node intermittent faults which sometimes behave as fault-free are common in wireless sensor networks. Intermittent faults also affect network performance and faults detection accuracy, so it is important to diagnose the intermittent faulty nodes accurately. This paper proposes a distributed clustering intermittent faults diagnosis method. First, the network is divided into several clusters with the cluster heads should be diagnosed as good. Then, the cluster members are diagnosed by their cluster head. In order to improve the validity of proposed diagnose method, a strategy which collect data for many times is adopted. Analysis of fault diagnosable is given, and simulation results indicate the proposed algorithm has high fault detection accuracy.


Colleges of education can achieve their stated goals with careful and well-defined organisational culture, climate and employees' evaluation system. The study examined the correlation between organisational factors and job performance of non-teaching staff of colleges of education. Relationship between each of the organisational factors (climate, culture and performance appraisal) and performance of non-teaching staff were examined. Non-experimental design of correlation type was adopted. Stratified and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select 234 non-teaching staff of colleges of education. Adapted Organisational Factors Questionnaire (OFQ) and Job Performance Questionnaire (JPQ) with 0.891 and 0.801 were used for data collection. The result showed that organisational factors are positively and significantly correlate to job performance (r- value = 0.873, p=0.000). The implication of this is that organisational culture, climate and performance evaluation have a positive correlation with non-teaching staff's job performance. The study therefore recommended that colleges' administrators should consider improving organisational factors in order to increase staff's performance for global competiveness. Moreover, administrators are to create a sustainable working climate that will promote productivity of non-teaching staff via effective communication and participatory approach.


ABSTRACT Background: Maternal mental illness is a major public health issue and can adversely affect the whole family. Worldwide, about 10% of pregnant women and 13% of women who have just given birth experience a mental illness, primarily depression and anxiety. Increasingly, research and policy are recognising the benefits of a family focused approach to practice. This approach emphasises the family as the unit of attention. Currently, little research is available which has explored Family Focused Practice (FFP) in health visiting. Objective: This study aims to explore health visitors' FFP with mothers who have mental illness and their partners. Methods: A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design consisting of two phases; quantitative followed by qualitative, will be utilised in this study. In the first phase, the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire will be used to measure the extent of health visitors' FFP, and factors that enable and hinder it. The questionnaire will be distributed to practicing health visitors (n = 410). In the second phase, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with health visitors, mothers who have mental illnesses and their partners, to further explore and explain the findings from phase one. Discussion: While the evidence base for the adoption of a family focused approach is growing, there is little understanding of health visitors' FFP with mothers who have mental illness and their partners. This study will develop understanding of health visitors' FFP, from multiple perspectives, that can be used to inform practice, education, research and policy.


Between 1969 and 1976 the price of rhino horn in Kenya rose 446 per cent — from K£8.24 per kilogram to K–44.6. Between 1972 and 1976 the average amount exported each year represented the product of 1197 rhinos. Most of it went to Hong Kong, but demand was rising in southern Arabia, especially North Yemen. In March 1979 rhino horn imports were totally banned in Hong Kong, but the authors believe that the price in North Yemen will continue to rise, and with it the demand for rhino horn.


The importance of transport resistance (distance between source and sink) on assimilate partitioning in tomato is questioned. Slack and Calvert (Journal of Horticultural Science52: 309–315, 1977) concluded that, in tomato, excising of fruit trusses showed a direct influence of distance from source on assimilate partitioning. A dry matter distribution model for tomato, based on the hypothesis that distribution is regulated by the sink strengths of the plant organs and that no influence of transport resistance on partitioning exists, has been described and validated by Heuvelink (Annals of Botany77: 71–80, 1996). Using this model, it is shown that the results of Slack and Calvert (1977) can be explained more simply on the basis of the succession of trusses with growth shifted with respect to time. Therefore, their results do not prove that transport resistance plays a role in assimilate partitioning.


Well DC202 is a well with the longest section of cementing using the lowest density cement in Wellblock Che43. the cement formula for the completion technique is introduced, the measures for blowout prevention, leakage control and weight loss control and the precautions for improving displacement efficiency for the key techniques of casing setting and cementing management are put forward herein.


Objective: This essay seeks to determine how the corporate responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies in relation to access to medicines can be clarified and enforced.Method: Two cases, one each from India and South Africa, are examined to determine how the domestic courts in both countries indirectly utilized the right to health to ensure that pharmaceutical companies did not impede access to affordable medicines through exercising their patent rights.Summary of findings: There is a need to clarify and enforce the responsibilities pharmaceutical companies have to promote the right to health. The two cases from India and South Africa demonstrate the potentials of domestic courts as forums where these responsibilities can be effectively enforced.Implications: In the absence of a global enforcement mechanism for enforcing the right-to-health responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies, domestic courts can effectively fill this gap. In addition, this essay demonstrates that domestic courts can equally serve as forums for health diplomacy.


Classic accounts of people-environment interactions in the archaeology and palaeoecology of Southwest Asia tend to conceptua-
lize human impact on vegetation as an agent of significant, long-term negative change in the regional landscapes. In the case of archaeobo-
tanical analysis, such approaches have been further influenced by ethnographic models of woodland exploitation positing sequential switches
to �glower value�h fuel species over time as �gpreferred species�h are over-exploited. An additional influence form traditional accounts of vege-
tation ecology that describe climate and/or edaphic �gclimax�h plant associations while attributing their decline or downright absence to
long-term �gdestructive�h human impacts. This paper summarizes recent results of macro-charcoal analysis from the long-term habitation
(~7400-6200 cal BC) of Neolithic Catalho.yuk in south-central Anatolia indicating switches in fuel/timber exploitation that bring into ques-
tion the assumptions of these models. Drawing on these results, alternative frameworks are proposed for conceptualizing prehistoric human
impacts on woodland vegetation.


CIRCSIM-Tutor Version 3 includes a reactive planner, APE - the Atlas Planning Engine. By using this planner, we are able to effectively respond to dynamic changes in the environment of tutoring students to solve problems in cardiovascular physiology dealing with the regulation of blood pressure. Use of the reactive planner allows us to adapt to student initiatives or unpredictable answers to questions by replacing the planner's responses with newly computed better reactions and allows us to specify new goals to the ITS and have it alter its reaction so as to achieve these new goals. The result is a more cohesive dialog with the student.


The tremendous demand for advanced microprocessors is making developers offer a superior product at a competitive price which meets specific performance, power, and reliability requirements. Today's products are designed and built with essentially the same design, fabrication, and test tools used by all industry manufacturers and are constrained by the same device physics, package impedance, heat dissipation capability, and battery energy density limitations. In addition, the current technology generation presents a new set of difficult challenges for the treatment of power dissipation. Lowering voltage to reduce power diminishes FET overdrive and the performance of the device. Recapturing performance by migrating quickly to the next scaled technology generation, however, makes low-power designs expensive, and is not always necessary. Standard full scaling preserves physical and electrical relationships between parameters. On the other hand, selective scaling of specific device parameters may allow the exploitation of existing tools and designs by the use of a different design point on the process "surface". This paper describes recent attempts to explore the feasibility of selective scaling and anticipated constraints associated with future technology generations.


The Caribbean's susceptibility to natural disasters was reinforced after the multi-hazard impact of the 2017 hurricane season. Multiple disasters have caused severe physical, social, and economic loss in the region since the Caribbean's disaster susceptibility encompasses more than physical exposure. These susceptibilities, however, have not translated into heightened disaster data collection or risk assessments. The fact is that the region currently lacks a standardized methodology to assess risk. In response to this absence, the 'Caribbean Risk Information Tool' (CRIT) was developed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Since assessing risk is a key aspect to increase resilience, this study seeks to investigate the usefulness of this community-based risk information tool, within the Caribbean context. The paper accordingly aims to examine the role of community-based and local-level approaches using a small island developing state case study. The present results are significant in at least three major respects. From the information collected through the CRIT in the Sangre Grande regional corporation, it was possible to identify the peak months of disasters, the hazards with the highest impact in the regional corporation, the most susceptible communities, the communities that are in immediate danger or crisis, as well as the natural and man-made triggers of the most impactful disasters. The continuous collection of this qualitative data hopes to, therefore, consistently inform mitigation and resilience strategies in the Caribbean.


In this paper we present a parallel global routing algorithm for general cell layout. The algorithm applies a hierarchical decomposition strategy that recursively divides routing problems into simple, independent subproblems for parallel processing. The solution of each subproblem is based on integer programming and network flow optimization. The algorithm is implemented on a shared-memory machine and experiment results on different examples show relative speedup between 4 and 5 for 8 processors. The speedup is achieved without compromising the quality of the routing results.


This paper selects the second-order equivalent circuit model (2nd ECM) as the battery model and proposes decoupled recursive least squares with adaptive moving window forgetting factor (AMWFF-DRLS), and the algorithm decouples different dynamic impedances in the 2nd ECM. The objective function solves the interference between each other and successfully combines the proposed AMWFF technology to make adaptive weight adjustments through historically predicted voltage response error data points, effectively reducing the amount of algorithm calculation and improving parameter identification accuracy. Finally, this paper establishes a mathematical model of Lithium-ion batteries on the MATLAB platform and selects a dynamic stress test (DST), to verify the model parameter estimation ability of the AMWFF-DRLS. The estimation performance is compared with traditional RLS methods. Under the DST working condition, the average absolute error (MAE) of AMWFF-DRLS is improved by 16.67 % compared to the traditional RLS, while the root mean square error (RMSE) is improved by 14.93 %.


Inspired by the rich physical properties of IV-VI compounds, we choose polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.01}\mathrm{Se}$ to investigate its structural, vibrational, and electrical transport properties under pressure up to 50 GPa. The structural transitions from the $B1$ to $Pnma$ phase and then to the $B2$ phase in this sample are verified by the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements. The formation of the intermediate phase is suggested to be mediated by Peierls distortion, and the broad hump in the temperature-dependent resistivity in the intermediate phase gives further evidence of this phenomenon. When the material evolves into the $B2$ phase, superconductivity is observed to emerge, accompanied by suppressing the broad hump of resistivity at intermediate temperatures. Meanwhile, Hall coefficient measurements indicate that the carrier type changes during the structural transitions. These results suggest that the superconductivity in the $B2$ phase for this material is originated by ``melting'' the Peierls lattice distortion. By extending the present findings to other similar IV-VI semiconductors, we propose that all group IV-VI compounds could exhibit superconductivity in their $B2$ phase due to the lattice melting at high pressures.


Linear quadratic (LQ) optimal regulator theory is often applied to the design and control system of a dynamic positioning system for ships. However, it is very difficult to select suitable weighting matrices in the performance index at the design stage. From a viewpoint of practical use, inverse linear quadratic (ILQ) optimal servo theory has recently been proposed which makes the design of the control system easier in comparison with LQ optimal regulator theory. In this paper, the ILQ optimal servo theory is applied to the control system of DPS for ships and the performance of the control system in comparison with the control system designed using LQ optimal regulator theory is examined.


Background: AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) synergistically inhibit eukaryotic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). How did this property evolve? Results: Directed mutations, kinetics, and structure determinations link the central cavity of FBPase to AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 synergism. Conclusion: A central cavity in any FBPase implies AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 and AMP/Fru-6-P synergism. Significance: AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 synergism of eukaryotic FBPases probably evolved from AMP/Fru-6-P synergism of an ancestral FBPase. The effects of AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) on porcine fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (pFBPase) and Escherichia coli FBPase (eFBPase) differ in three respects. AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 synergism in pFBPase is absent in eFBPase. Fru-2,6-P2 induces a 13° subunit pair rotation in pFBPase but no rotation in eFBPase. Hydrophilic side chains in eFBPase occupy what otherwise would be a central aqueous cavity observed in pFBPase. Explored here is the linkage of AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 synergism to the central cavity and the evolution of synergism in FBPases. The single mutation Ser45 → His substantially fills the central cavity of pFBPase, and the triple mutation Ser45 → His, Thr46 → Arg, and Leu186 → Tyr replaces porcine with E. coli type side chains. Both single and triple mutations significantly reduce synergism while retaining other wild-type kinetic properties. Similar to the effect of Fru-2,6-P2 on eFBPase, the triple mutant of pFBPase with bound Fru-2,6-P2 exhibits only a 2° subunit pair rotation as opposed to the 13° rotation exhibited by the Fru-2,6-P2 complex of wild-type pFBPase. The side chain at position 45 is small in all available eukaryotic FBPases but large and hydrophilic in bacterial FBPases, similar to eFBPase. Sequence information indicates the likelihood of synergism in the FBPase from Leptospira interrogans (lFBPase), and indeed recombinant lFBPase exhibits AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 synergism. Unexpectedly, however, AMP also enhances Fru-6-P binding to lFBPase. Taken together, these observations suggest the evolution of AMP/Fru-2,6-P2 synergism in eukaryotic FBPases from an ancestral FBPase having a central aqueous cavity and exhibiting synergistic feedback inhibition by AMP and Fru-6-P.