Porcelain tile processing technology is continually evolving and where the tiles are subjected to fast-firing cycles at high temperatures, a problem occurs regarding the red colouring of the ceramic body. As such, colorants which contain iron oxide can degrade due to the vitreous flow effects which can occur, resulting in changes in fired colour. However, Thiviers sandstone is the only natural rock colorant that is not affected by this problem, thus maintaining a typical red body colouring even after rapid rises in kiln temperature to more than 1200°C. It is true that chemists and colourists have tried to synthetically imitate the benefits that Thiviers sandstone can give. But despite Thiviers sandstone being a naturally occurring raw material, it has nevertheless preserved an undeniable economic advantage for the producer of porcelain sandstone tiles. Demand for Thiviers sandstone continues to grow globally with ever changing customer requirements regarding product ranges and quality. In response to this, Cesar (a part of Imerys Tiles Minerals) continues to be proactive in meeting these new challenges.


In recent years,China witnessed the rapid growth of small loan companies which however encountered problems in terms of insufficient funds and operational risks.This paper is an attempt to establish a game theory model in order to theoretically explore the possibilities and conditions for co-operation between small loan companies and commercial banks.Then three possible modes of cooperation were analyzed.Finally,a brief summary is made with relevant policy recommendation.


This work describes the foF2 frequency bands (maximum-noon, minimum-midnight bands) and their main characteristics during magnetically quiet conditions and extreme conditions of solar activity. We have observed that there is a seasonal variation and parallel behavior between frequencies during High Solar Activity and Low Solar Activity. During High Solar Activity we can observe the seasonal anomaly and symmetry between both frequency bands.


The modified out-in fuel management strategy was applied to the core loading design for the first four cycles of the Bushehr (Iran-1) KWU designed Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). The minimum peak-to-average power density was chosen as the objective function of the optimization process. Lattice homogenization and group constants generation were performed by using the LEOPARD computer code. For core calculations the ERUPT code was applied. The optimum core configurations were designed after several hand shufflings of fuel assemblies. For the equilibrium cycle, a satisfactory value of 2.73 was found for the peaking power factor. The average discharge burn-up of this cycle was determined to be around 33,700 MWD/MTU.


This research examined the roles of loneliness and social support as predictors of psychological well-being in awaiting-trial inmates. Participants were 300 awaiting-trial inmates of Enugu Prison Command. There were 200 (73.33%) male inmates and 80 (26.66%) female inmates in the sample. Their ages ranged between 18 years and 69 years (Mean age = 43.50 years; Standard Deviation = 5.21). Purposive sampling method was adopted in the sample selection; and participation in the study was anonymous. Three instruments – the short-form University of California, Los Angeles loneliness scale (ULS-8), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and the psychological well-being scale (PWB-S), were used for data collection. Analysis of data was conducted with multiple regressions and correlations (MRC). Results showed that loneliness and social support were significant predictors of psychological well-being. The findings failed to confirm the first hypothesis, but confirmed the second hypothesis. Discussion highlighted the need to establish vocational training facilities and other social services in prisons to constructively engage prison inmates in meaningful tasks.


: Seismic isolation aims to uncouple the motion of the structure from the ground shaking and thereby reduce structural forces, accelerations, and deformations of buildings under strong earthquakes. Seismic isolation represents an effective strategy to protect buildings structures, and the related contents from earthquake damage and consequently reduce seismic losses. Nowadays, most of Chile's newly designed hospitals incorporate seismic isolations to minimise structural and non-structural damage and ensure operational continuity even after major earthquakes. Seismicity in Chile is strongly dominated by subduction megathrust events, and most structures, including newly designed hospitals, have been designed and verified by considering the seismic hazard resulting from such earthquakes. However, seismologists have recently highlighted another potential seismic hazard, such as earthquakes originating from the San Ramon Fault (SRF), a crustal fault that lies less than 15 km from the city of Santiago and that was recently declared as potentially active. The present study investigates the seismic performance of a real case study seismically isolated hospital in Santiago, Chile, considering sets of ground motion (GM) records generated by either megathrust earthquakes from the subduction margin or crustal fault mechanism. A 3D finite element model of the case study hospital is developed in OpenSees, including detailed modelling of the seismic isolation system. Sets of recorded subduction GMs, and physics-based synthetic crustal GMs, are selected to perform inelastic response history analyses on the case-study hospital. Local and global Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) from the two sets of GMs are compared between them and with code-based capacity limits used during the design. The results show the importance of considering different seismic sources (subduction vs crustal) to better understand/predict the response of isolated structures to GMs.


We develop a resource theory for continuous-variable systems grounded on operations routinely available within current quantum technologies. In particular, the set of free operations is convex and includes quadratic transformations and conditional coarse-grained measurements. The present theory lends itself to quantify both quantum non-Gaussianity and Wigner negativity as resources, depending on the choice of the free-state set --- i.e., the convex hull of Gaussian states or the states with positive Wigner function, respectively. After showing that the theory admits no maximally resourceful state, we define a computable resource monotone --- the CV-mana. We use the latter to assess the resource content of experimentally relevant states --- e.g., photon-added, photon-subtracted, cubic-phase, and cat states --- and to find optimal working points of some resource concentration protocols. We envisage applications of this framework to sub-universal and universal quantum information processing over continuous variables.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the markers related to infectious diseases during pregnancy,before surgery and blood transfusion and understand the incidence of infections so as to provide reliable basis for screening of infectious diseases.METHODS A total of 500pregnant women who needed the surgery and blood transfusion were enrolled in the study,then the fasting cubital fossa vein blood samples were collected,the five hepatitis B indicators,hepatitis C antibody(anti-HCV),syphilis(TP)resistance,and anti-HIV infective indexes were detected,the incidence of infections was analyzed,and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS17.0software.RESULTS Among the 500patients,the HBV infection occurred in 66cases(13.20%),the anti-HCV in9(1.80%)cases,the anti-TP in 4(0.80%)cases,the anti-HIV in 1(0.20%)case.The patients with type O blood were at high risk of positive infective indicator,accounting for 23.2%,followed by the patients with the type AB blood(18.9%),the patients with type A blood(14.5%),and the patients with type B blood(11.7%).As compared with the positive HBV,positive anti-HCV,positive anti-TP,and positive anti-HIV of the patients with different types of blood before the blood transfusion,the risk of syphilis infection was significantly lower in the patients with blood type AB than in the patients with blood type O,the difference was significant(P0.05),the differences in other infective indicators were not significant.Among the 80patients with infections,the incidence of HBV infection combined with positive anti-HCV was the highest(7.5%).CONCLUSIONThe detection of the five hepatitis B indicators,anti-HCV,anti-TP,and anti-HIV during the pregnancy and before surgery and blood transfusion may contribute to the understanding of the prevalence of infections in the patients and the selfprotection of the health care workers during the daily treatment and surgery and define the serological infectious diseases.


Abstract The reproduction of three species of mud snails, Hydrobia neglecta, H. ulvae and H. ventrosa is studied under constant conditions of various temperature/salinity combinations and in seven field populations. Under otherwise constant conditions the egg production of H. neglecta increases with temperature (4-24°C), while it decreases in H. ulvae and H. ventrosa. All species show a general peak in reproductive activity around 20 ‰ salinity. In H. neglecta egg production is retarded at low salinity, which may explain the absence of the species in the inner Baltic Sea. All natural populations exhibit peak reproductive activity during May-June, and total numbers of eggs compare well with the values obtained under constant conditions.


Thank you very much for reading feminist liturgy a matter of justice. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this feminist liturgy a matter of justice, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. feminist liturgy a matter of justice is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the feminist liturgy a matter of justice is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Unmet need for modern contraception represents an increasingly important policy challenge and a threat to women's health and economic autonomy. Although long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is both more effective and longer lasting that short-acting methods, uptake even among clients with demonstrated need, post-abortion, is low. In one of the first experimental evaluations addressing this issue, we evaluate the impact of a social norms behavioural intervention to encourage uptake of long-acting reversible contraception using a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial. The intervention consisted of a prominently-displayed monthly poster which compared the clinic's previous month performance on LARC uptake against peer clinics. The intervention increased uptake of LARC among post-abortion clients by 6.96 percentage points [95% CI: 1.3 to 12.7, p-value < 0.05], which represents a 32% increase from baseline. This increase comes at the intensive margin, shifting clients to long-acting from short-acting methods. We also find that the increase in LARC use persists well after the formal experiment finished. Our results show that this intervention represents a viable option to improve access to long-acting methods, reducing unwanted pregnancies, and increasing female autonomy.


One of the models that combine time and inter-location elements is Generalized Space Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) model. GSTAR model involving exogenous variables is GSTARX model. The exogenous variables which are used in GSTAR model can be both metrical and non-metrical data. Exogenous variable that can be applied into the forecasting of precipitation is non-metrical data which is in a form of precipitation intensity of a certain location. Currently, precipitation possesses patterns and characteristics difficult to identify, and thus can be interpreted as non-linear phenomenon. Non-linear model which is much developed now is neural network. Parameter estimation method employed is Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model approach, which can solve the correlation between residual models. This current research employed GSTARX-SUR modelling with neural network approach on residuals. The data used in this research were the records of 10-day precipitations in four regions in West Java, namely Cisondari, Lembang, Cianjur, and Gunung Mas, from 2005 to 2015. The GSTARX-SUR NN modelling resulted in precipitation deviation average of the forecast and the actual data at 4.1385 mm. This means that this model can be used as an alternative in forecasting precipitation.


The leaf epidermal characters of 3 species of Vetiveria zizanioides were observed and compared under light and scanning electron microscopes.The results showed that leaf epidermis consisted of long cells,short cells,stomas,micro-hairs,prickle-hairs,macro-hairs and mastoid process.The long cells were rectangle,with shallow or deep wavy anticlinal walls.The short cells has dumbbell,cruciform and nodular types.The stomata were tandem and triangular or dome shaped subsidiary cells.The leaves distributed ad-and abxially epidermis of micro-hairs and mastoid process.The lower epidermis also have prickle-hairs and macro-hairs.The leaf epidermal were covered with thick cutin and strip upheaval.The study could clarify that the same characteristic of microstructure of cotyledon epidermis of V.zizanioides,and the difference in species,so it could provide morphological evidence for stress resistance and taxonomy.


This explorative, interpretive, qualitative study seeks to understand and problematise college alumni's preparedness for engineering workplace writing in English in Oman. The issue of preparing learners to write for workplace writing has been widely contested by social learning theories and previous research on university-workplace transition of novices. This is due to the situated nature of writing which makes teaching genres outside their local contexts problematic. The study has two primary objectives. First, from Social Constructionism and Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) perspectives, the study makes a theoretical contribution to conceptualising workplace English L2 writing preparedness by adopting a social view of writing to explore the contextual and situated nature of workplace writing. Second, the study makes a contribution to knowledge in the field by tackling the issue of alumni's preparedness for workplace writing gained in college writing classes through directly investigating the views of alumni and line managers to understand the factors contributing to the perceived preparedness. To achieve these objectives, I used a multi-perspective approach. I collected qualitative data over a period of one year through 16 semi-structured interviews as the main method for data collection, with 12 Higher College of Technology (HCT) engineer alumni and four line managers at five different private sector companies in Oman. The participants included both new and experienced alumni in different fields of engineering. To better understand the workplace writing in these specific contexts, the interview data was supported with subsidiary data from textual analysis of 29 alumni's workplace written samples. The findings revealed two levels of contextual elements at which workplace writing operates in the studied context: rhetorical and socio-contextual. The former includes audience, purpose and valued style, and the latter collaborative writing, physical environment and level of experience. Participants' perceptions were shaped by factors such as genre awareness, deficiencies in technical writing experiences at the college, such as lack of task authenticity, lack of feedback and graduates' attitudes. The interpretations of the findings suggest that the college role in learners' preparedness for workplace writing is significant and perceived differently by individuals. The findings also provide theoretical, methodological and pedagogical implications for research and teaching in the area of ESP/ technical/ professional writing.


'' This two-hour workshop explores the potential of experimental writing to embody and articulate human relations with more-than-human worlds. In response to the scene of a pop-up cat cafe in Dunlop Art Gallery, workshop participants will experiment with a range of writing methods aimed at offering fresh creative and ethical perspectives regarding the feline denizens with which we share urban space.'' --
Publisher's website


The area of motor control in humans and animals is advancing rapidly on many fronts. Improved knowledge of limb control has immediate implications for programs of rehabilitation for patients with movement disorders. The study of motor control has also proved to be an especially rich platform for the development and investigation of theoretical constructs such as forward and inverse models, multiple learning rates, and performance optimization. More specifically from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics, the field of motor control and coordination provides a rich venue for the exploration of high-order models, dynamical-systems measures, and concepts such as fitness landscapes and fractal time series. Unfortunately, at this point in time, it is largely the case that there are two segregated groups of motor-control researchers. One group stems from a neuroscience and bioengineering background while the other is more closely associated with dynamics, cognitive science, psychology, and kinesiology. While there is some overlap, there is great potential for more extensive interactions between these groups. The articles in this issue are very much from the second group. Perhaps distribution of this special issue to receptive investigators from the first group can be an initial step in establishing dialogue between the groups. The contributions in this special issue on Psychomotor Coordination and Control span a range, from broad overviews of work on motor learning, to studies on the generation of 1/f noise in motor control, to experimental studies of specific motor-control tasks. All have as a common element the interpretation of empirical results in terms of the concepts underlying nonlinear dynamical systems. Mayer-Kress, Newell, and Liu present a rather general overview of motor learning in terms of attractors (fitness landscapes), placing the authors' own works in a broader perspective and providing a framework that can guide


are they related to each other in terms of either common underlying values or consistency of purpose? If Hinduism can indeed be envisaged as a system of social behaviour (as opposed to a mere collection of heterogeneous and uncoordinated ritual activities, which we associate with each other merely through the force of tradition) then what gives coherence to this system? Hinduism is not sustained as a whole by any ecclesiastical or sectarian organization; in the absence of such an institutional framework, at what level ought we to seek continuities between the diverse elements of which it is made?' .


ackground & Aims: Alarm features such as dysphaia, weight loss, or anemia raise concern of an upper astrointestinal malignancy in patients with dyspepia. The aim of this study was to determine the diagostic accuracy of alarm features in predicting maligancy by performing a metaanalysis based on the ublished literature. Methods: English-language studes were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, ochrane Controlled Trials Register, and CINAHL. Coort studies that measured alarm features and comared them with the endoscopic findings were inluded. Studies were screened for inclusion by 2 uthors who independently extracted the data. Sensiivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated y comparing the alarm feature with the endoscopic iagnosis. The summary receiver operating characterstic curve method was used to summarize test charcteristics across studies. Individual alarm features ere also assessed when the study report permitted. esults: Eighty-three of 2600 studies met the initial creening criteria; 15 met inclusion criteria after deailed review. These 15 studies evaluated a total of 7,363 patients, of whom 458 (.8%) had cancer. The ensitivity of alarm symptoms varied from 0% to 83% ith considerable heterogeneity between studies. The pecificity also varied significantly from 40% to 98%. clinical diagnosis made by a physician was very pecific (range, 97%–98%) but not very sensitive range, 11%–53%). Conclusions: Alarm features have imited predictive value for an underlying malignancy. heir use in dyspepsia management strategies needs urther refinement and study.


Selective targeting of CD28 might represent an effective immunomodulation strategy by preventing T cell costimulation, while favoring coinhibition since inhibitory signals transmitted through CTLA‐4; PD‐L1 and B7 would not be affected. We previously showed in vitro and in vivo that anti‐CD28 antagonists suppress effector T cells while enhancing regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression and immune tolerance. Here, we evaluate FR104, a novel antagonist pegylated anti‐CD28 Fab' antibody fragment, in nonhuman primate renal allotransplantation. FR104, in association with low doses of tacrolimus or with rapamycin in a steroid‐free therapy, prevents acute rejection and alloantibody development and prolongs allograft survival. However, when FR104 was associated with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids, half of the recipients rejected their grafts prematurely. Finally, we observed an accumulation of Helios‐negative Tregs in the blood and within the graft after FR104 therapy, confirmed by Treg‐specific demethylated region DNA analysis. In conclusion, FR104 reinforces immunosuppression in calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐low or CNI‐free protocols, without the need of steroids. Accumulation of intragraft Tregs suggested the promotion of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Selective CD28 antagonists might become an alternative CNI‐sparing strategy to B7 antagonists for kidney transplant recipients.


We present a spatially adaptive defogging algorithm for enhancement of color and visibility of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. It is hard to identify an object of interest from airborne image acquired by a satellite, an airplane, and a UAV because of various atmospheric distortions. For overcoming this problem, the proposed algorithm decomposes the input foggy image into the original fog-free component and the atmospherically distorted component, and then estimates the original image based on the image degradation model. We first generate a normalized image using the maximum value among RGB color channels of a foggy Image. We estimate the atmospheric light in the labeled image. We also generate a modified transmission map using the labeled image and a guided filter. A major contribution of the proposed work is the enhancement of details using a guided filter as well as defogging. We can significantly enhance the visibility of a foggy image by using the estimated atmospheric light and the transmission map. The proposed algorithm can remove foggy components better than existing defogging techniques because the specular component and the labeled image are used.


BGP is a gaping security hole in today's Internet, as evidenced by numerous Internet outages and blackouts, repeated traffic hijacking, and surveillance incidents. To protect against prefix hijacking, the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) has been standardized. Yet, despite Herculean efforts, ubiquitous deployment of the RPKI remains distant, due to RPKI's manual and error-prone certification process. We argue that deploying origin authentication at scale requires substituting the standard requirement of certifying legal ownership of IP address blocks with the goal of certifying de facto ownership. We show that settling for de facto ownership is sufficient for protecting against hazardous prefix hijacking and can be accomplished without requiring any changes to today's routing infrastructure. We present DISCO, a readily deployable system that automatically certifies de facto ownership and generates the appropriate BGPpath-filtering rules at routers. We evaluate DISCO's security and deployability via live experiments on the Internet using a prototype implementation of DISCO and through simulations on empirically-derived datasets. To facilitate the reproducibility of our results, we open source our prototype, simulator, and measurement analysis code [30].


Multimedia services generate an important part of the Internet traffic and the request for such services is increasing continuously. The characteristics of these services and their QoS requirements generate new challenges for the communication protocols. In order to cope with heavy congestions and the feedback implosion phenomenon Forward Error Correction (FEC) mechanisms were integrated into protocols controlling content distribution services and network coding techniques were proposed for peer-to-peer communications. The paper proposes a data transport protocol with integrated FEC mechanism intended to control the transmission between gateway nodes. The gateway level implementation allows protecting aggregated flows against packet drops generated by congestions and channel erasures. The proposed FEC enhanced data transport mechanism is combined with multipath transmissions between gateways, being exploited the diversity offered by such transmissions. A prototype protocol was implemented and experimentally evaluated on simulated transmission channels. The performance improvements of the proposed protocol in terms of packet erasure rate and jitter observed after decoding was demonstrated.


The catalogue includes a b&w portrait of Still at work, six b&w images of ceramic pieces and a short article by Vincentelli


SUMMARY Waveform patternsofP,ST andT vectorfunctions ofFrank-lead restandexercise vectorcardiograms (VCG)of375ostensibly normal males, aged50-70 years,were evaluated bywaveformvectoranalysis (WVA).Thisprocedure suitably quantified waveform information, providinga stable reduced databasecomprising mean vector(MV),gradient vector (GV),convex vector(CV),sigmoid vector(SV),andquaternary vector(QV).Inresting VCG,most ofthe waveform vectors were clustered fairly uniformly inspace withtight directional distributions ofwidely varied magnitudes; normallimits ofthese magnitudes were established andtheir spatial frequency distributions mapped.Individual vectors' contributions to theoverall waveform pattern ofthevectorfunction were quantified withwaveform power indices. TheGV accounted for>90%ofST waveform power, whereas theCV andGV jointly accounted forabout90% ofT waveform and>80%ofP wave waveform variation. Exercise elicited significant changes inmagnitude andorientation ofsome vectors.AllP wave vectorsincreased; by an average of 68%inP-MV,80%inP-GV,64%inP-CV,andby41%inP-SV.TheP waveform changes were compatible withenhancement of-surface potentials associated withexcitation oftheright atrium. Bycontrast, T-CVandT-QVdecreased slightly. ST-MVshifted clockwise totheright andupwardwhereas ST-GVrotated intheopposite direction towardinferior andleft. ST-segment gradients andthecorresponding ST-GVwere independent ofheart rate,whereas the(conventional) STslope tended toincrease unpredictably withincreasing heart rate.


A mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. In order to achieve stable clusters, the cluster-heads maintaining the cluster should be stable with minimum overhead of cluster re-elections. In this paper we propose a Probability Based Adaptive Invoked Weighted Clustering Algorithm (PAIWCA) which can enhance the stability of the clusters by taking battery power of the nodes into considerations for the clustering formation and electing stable cluster-heads using cluster head probability of a node. In this simulation study a comparison was conducted to measure the performance of our algorithm with maximal weighted independent set (MWIS) in terms of the number of clusters formed, the connectivity of the network, dominant set updates,throughput of the overall network and packet delivery ratio. The result shows that our algorithm performs better than existing one and is also tunable to different kinds of network conditions.


Since 1950 s,the role of innovation in driving economic growthattracts more and more scholars and practioners. After decades of development,research on innovation has become increasingly multi-disciplinary as scholars from different disciplines collaborate to address the significant issue of innovation management.Enterprise is the main actors for innovation. Thus,innovative enterprise is micro-foundation of sustainable economic development.Due to weak technological base,enterprise in China has experienced technology catch-up phase based on the advantage of latecomer.However,firm innovation system building activities in these enterprises are still stay in the technical management phase. Most enterprises in China simply consider innovation as technological issues,rather than a sort of totalinnovation management paradigm that including strategy, market, organizational, institutional, and cultural elements in building firm innovation system. Following Schumpeter's view that innovation is a new combination of elements,enterprises in China make great efforts in building a technological system,rather than a firm innovation system. This paper argues that firms overestimating technological issues and overlooking nontechnological issue result in a lack of innovative vitality.By backtracking relevant theories on innovation,this paper suggests that research on innovation can be divided into two categories:innovation of economics and innovation of management. The former emphasizes exploring the macro level mechanisms of the way innovation drives economic development,and the latter concentrates on the micro-level analysis of the mechanisms of leveraging firms' innovative capabilities. However,the issue of driving forces of firm innovation system is less discussed.Based on the theoretical background,this paper put forward a dual core model that may helps firms build a successful firm innovation system. The dual core refers to firm's innovative capabilities and driving forces for innovation. On the one hand,firm's system of innovative capabilities should include technological,financial,cultural and all-involvement innovation( AII) activities.Specifically,technological capabilities is key to firms' competitive advantages; financial capabilities can facilitate the knowledge accumulation by providing enough RD expenditure; cultural capabilities can help guide,regulate and coordinate the behavior of the members of the organization and thus affecting the organization's ability to innovate; AII is key to boosting innovation by high involvement of employees. On the other hand,firm's system driving forces of innovation should include technology-push,market-pull,governance-push and all innovators-pull. Specifically,technology change helps firms update their knowledge base and promote more innovative products; market orientation helps firms better understand customer needs and develop more new products through user innovation paradigm; the governance and entrepreneurship helps point out the firms' direction for innovation and future development; all innovators can help implement the firms' innovation strategy by high involvement of employees.


This paper presents the performance of uncoated carbide cutting tool when machining cast iron in dry cutting conditions. Experiments were conducted at various cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut according to Taguchi method design of experiment using a standard orthogonal array L9(34). The effects of cutting speeds (100-146 m/min), feed rates (0.20-0.35 mm/tooth) and depths of cut (1.0-2.0 mm) on the tool life, surface roughness and cutting forces were evaluated using ANOVA. Results showed that the effects of cutting speed, depth of cut and the feed rate were similar affecting the failure of the carbide cutting tools within the range of tested machining parameters. The contribution of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut in controlling the tool life were 32.12%, 38.56% and 29.32% respectively. Whereas, the cutting speed was the main factor influencing the average surface roughness (Ra) value followed by feed rate. These factors contribute 60.53% and 35.59% respectively to the Ra value. On t...


234 Background: There is limited evidence supporting improved overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer with isolated lung metastases compared to other metastatic sites. We reviewed our experience with patterns of metastases and outcomes in pancreatic cancer. Methods: A retrospective review of 378 patients who underwent potentially curative pancreatic resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma at a tertiary care cancer center between 1997-2010. All patients were restaged in accordance with AJCC 7th edition guidelines. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test and Cox regression was used to compare median overall and disease-free survival (OS and DFS). Results: Patients were divided into 8 groups based upon site of first recurrence. 40% of patients were without evidence of recurrence at time of last follow up (n=165). Sites of first recurrence are as follow: liver (n=93, 24.6%), lung (n=37, 9.8%), locoregional (n=49, 13%), peritoneum (n=17, 4.5%), bone (n=6, 1.6%), and distant (n=2, 0.5%). 23 patient...


The collective investment schemes in Kenya have witnessed increased volatility in their earnings, resulting in irregular growth in the industry. This necessitates the need to understand the factors contributing to poor financial returns from collective investment schemes. Hence this study sought to investigate the effect of equity investments and bond investments on Kenyan CIS's performance. The specific objectives were: To assess the effect of equity investments, bond investments on financial performance of collective investment schemes in Kenya. The study was anchored on: modern portfolio theory and the efficient market hypothesis. The positivism philosophy was applied, with the firms adopting an explanatory research design. The target population was 17 Collective Investment Schemes registered by the Capital Markets Authority and were operational in the period 2010 to 2018.  Secondary data was sought from the Capital Markets Authority Annual reports and from the respective websites of the CIS'. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and panel regression analysis. Hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. Findings indicate that equity investment, bond investments have an insignificant effect on CIS' return on assets. Further, equity investments had a positive and significant effect on liquidity whereas bond investments had an insignificant effect on liquidity. The study recommends that CISs actively revise their equity investments and bond investments to stimulate financial returns.


Following go/no-go discrimination training, cats with large anterior or posterior association cortex lesions were tested for excitatory and inhibitory generalization of response to line tilt. Frontal Ss were slightly, but insignificantly, impaired in learning the go/no-go discrimination relative to the posterior and control Ss. There were no differences between lesion groups in form or level of generalization gradients. Generalization decrements following excitatory training were much more pronounced than those following inhibitory training, although there was some evidence of inhibitory control. cortical produce a severe form of disinhibition in which is manifested as an abnormal difficulty in suppressing positive responses


• The metrics used in the US to track students do not include adults and part-time students. This has led to the development of a massive data initiative that uses predictive analytics to trace the progress of all types of students in the system. • The Predictive Analytics Reporting (PAR) framework provides actionable, institution-specifi c insight about what affects undergraduate student success and failure to member institutions from twoand four-year public, proprietary, traditional, and progressive institutions. The institutions then exchange information about the tools and practices that they have found measurably improve student outcomes. Collaboration and leadership are vital to the identifi cation and use of those tools and practices. • Viewing normalized data through a multi-institutional lens and using a common set of measures with common data defi nitions leads to insights that are not available when looking at records from a single institution. • PAR helps members eliminate redundant programs, understand the scale of their programs, match interventions with the causes of student academic risk, measure the impact of student-success programs, and respond to budget cuts with informed decisions. • PAR also helps member institutions remedy their local data problems; organize data across silos; uncover gaps, errors, and overlaps in student-data elements; and compare themselves to other campuses.


Abstract COUPLE TREATMENT: ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION, by Judith C. Nelsen. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson, 1998, 412 pp., $ 60.00 (cloth). Reviewed by Scot M. Allgood. WHY DO FOOLS FALL IN LOVE?: EXPERIENCING THE MAGIC, MYSTERY AND MEANING OF SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIPS, by J. R. Levine and H. J. Markman (Eds.) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2001,220 pp., $19.95 (cloth). Reviewed by Kevin P. Lyness. COUPLES AND PREGNANCY: WELCOME, UNWELCOME, AND IN-BETWEEN, Barbara Jo Brothers (Ed.) New York: The Haworth Press, Inc., co-published simultaneously as Journal of Couples Therapy, VolumeS, Number!, 1999, 99pp., $39.95(cloth), $15.95(paper). Reviewed by Barbara Wetzel. ACCEPTANCE AND CHANGE IN COUPLE THERAPY: A THERAPIST'S GUIDE TO TRANSFORMING RELATIONSHIPS, by Neil S. Jacobson and Andrew Christensen. New York: Norton, 1996, 283pp, $25.00 (paperback). (Publishedpreviously under the title: Integral ve Couple Therapy: Promoting Acceptance and Change). Reviewed by Gary H. Bischof.


A continuous mathematical model of the progress of cereal rust disease was developed by including many of the natural processes underlying each recurrent infection cycle. This model is subsequently reduced to a single equation and compared with four other models prevalent in the literature: the logistic, Kiyosawa's modified logistic, Waggoner's modified logistic, and the Gompertz. The equation developed here provides a basis for exploring causal linkages between these four models and illuminating some of their implicit assumptions. It is argued that single first-order equation models must contain one or more parameters which group a number of effects to be fitted to disease progress data. This precludes unique biologically meaningful definitions for parameters of such single-parameter models as the logistic with respect to the processes underlying disease progress (e.g., infection, sporulation). The differential equation dx/dt = ax(1−x)/(1 + alx), where a is a rate parameter, l is the length of the latent...


A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) was employed to find out the correlation between the structural properties and angiotensin II receptor antagonistic activity of 4,5-dihydro- 4-oxo-3H-imidazo(4,5-c)pyridines collected from the literature. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and non-linear regression (NLR) analyses have been carried out to derive best QSAR models. The developed models were cross-validated by the 'leave one out' technique as well as by the calculation of statistical parameters. The present investigation indicated the importance of the quantum chemical descriptor, energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, LUMO and the lipophilic parameter, log P, in contribution to the studied biological activity. The results of NLR showed that neglecting log P, based on its low correlation by MLR, as followed by most of the QSAR studies, can lead to fortuitous results and one must perform non-linear regression before coming to a decision on the contribution of the lipophilic parameter, log P.


Designing and developing a good quality software product requires efficient measures to accurately monitor the internal software quality attributes, such as coupling, cohesion, size and complexity, throughout the course of a software development life cycle. Over the years, software metrics have been widely and successfully used to measure such internal quality attributes for object-oriented software systems. Coupling has been defined as one of the most basic qualitative measures for measuring the performance of software at design or implementation phase. It is normally defined as the degree of interdependency among modules. Coupling quantifies the external complexity of a class, i.e. how dependent a class is on other classes. A low level of coupling is desired among the classes of an object- oriented application. The theory behind this measure contributes to the external quality attributes of a software application, such as its maintainability, reusability, testability, fault-tolerance etc. The metrics available for coupling measurement belong to two major categories i.e. static and dynamic. Static metrics that are applied to the design/source code can only measure the expected coupling behaviour of object-oriented software and not the actual behavior. This is because the behaviour of a software application is not only influenced by the complexity but also by the operational or runtime environment of the source code. Dynamic metrics on the other hand can capture the actual coupling behaviour as they are evaluated from data collected during runtime.


Operated on was 231 patient with chronic recurrent cholecystitis caused by cholelithiasis. Sonography (SG) was performed in 176 patients, cholecystocholangiography (CCG)--in 55. The advantages of SG over CCG were revealed.


This study aimed to make the initial assessment of sustainability indicators in seven farmers transition from conventional agriculture to agroecology in the settlement Ladario-72 in MS. The aim of this study was to avaliate assessment of sustainability indicators of seven farmers in transition process from conventional production to agroecological system, at settlement Ladario72, municipality of Ladario-MS. The indicators were evaluated in the dimensions crops health, soil quality, and family life quality. In participatory process it were defined 10 indicators in each dimension, each of which was scored from 1 to 10, 1 being the worst possible situation and 10 the ideal to be achieved. The results showed that the main production bottlenecks in the first two dimensions and the main obstacles to the development of farmes families . It also allows to make comparisons between the properties. In addition, it was created a landmark from which each property can evaluate his progress toward sustainability in the future.


Abstract : The system for LEED study of Cs deposited on single crystal Ag is described; processing and preliminary testing procedures are discussed. The experimental system established for fabricating metal-semiconductor-metal diodes by the deposition of a thin metal overlayer on S-1 surfaces is described. Provision for measurement of characteristic S-1 response, high-field I-V characteristics, and internal photoemission characteristics are described. Procedures used for the growth and handling of alkali antimonide crystals are presented. An experimental system for structural and photoemission studies on cleaved Na3Sb is described. A description is given of an experimental system for the investigation of the formation of various Alkali antimonides by thermal evaporation of the compounds. (Author)


Speradine A is a derivative of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) found in culture of an Aspergillus tamarii isolate. Heterologous expression of a predicted methyltransferase gene, cpaM, in the cpa biosynthesis gene cluster of A. tamarii resulted in the speradine A production in a 2-oxoCPA producing A. oryzae strain, indicating cpaM is involved in the speradine A biosynthesis.


Dynamic properties of 7000 - series aluminum alloys at large strain rates This paper presents test results of mechanical properties of EN AW-AlZn5Mg1Zr and EN AW-AlZn5Mg1, 5CuZr aluminum alloys for various tensile strain rates. Static tests were conducted with the use of MTS 810.12 tension test machine, and dynamic tests - with RSO rotary impact test machine. The work was aimed at determination of effects of strain rate and notch geometry of specimens on their material mechanical properties and damage mechanisms.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) for treatment of gallstones with common bile duct stones.Methods Clinical data of 652 patients who were treated by LCs and ESTs were retrospectively analyzed.Results ESTs were successfully accomplished in 634 patients(97.2%),and LCs were successfully accomplished in 621 among the 634 patients(97.9%) after ESTs.The mean length of hospitalization after LCs was 4 days(2 ~ 15 days).In all 652 patients,there were 233 cases of acute pancreatitis,including 171 cases before ESTs and 62 cases(13.1%) after ESTs,and they were all cured after ESTs.In 621 patients after LCs,bile leakages occurred in 8 patients(1.2%) and they were cured with intraoperative drainages.Local fluid accumulations occurred in 120 patients(19.0%),and 118 cases of them healed without management,and the other 2 cases were cured with percutaneous tube-placement drainages guided by ultrasonography because of abscesses.Conclusion It is safe and effective to treat gallstones with common bile duct stones by LC combined with EST because of its high success rate,short hospital stay and mild complications.


PURPOSE
To analyze the preferences and attitudes of listeners in relation to regional (RA) and softened accents (SA) in television journalism.

METHODS
Three television news presenters recorded carrier phrases and a standard text using RA and SA. The recordings were presented to 105 judges who listened to the word pairs and answered whether they perceived differences between the RA and SA, and the type of pronunciation that they preferred in the speech of television news presenters. Afterwards, they listened to the sentences and judged seven attributes in the contexts of RA and SA using a semantic differential scale.

RESULTS
The listeners perceived the difference between the regional and softened pronunciation (p<0.0001). They preferred the SA in the presenters' speech in all variants studied (p<0.0001). There was an association between linguistic variants and the judgment of attitudes (p=0.002). The listeners regarded the presence of SA in the presenters' speech as positive in all variants studied (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION
The listeners prefer and assign positive values to the SA in the speech of television journalists in all linguistic variants studied.


Purpose – This paper sets out to highlight conclusions from computer‐supported cooperative work (CSCW) research, which are relevant to e‐learning environments, in this case, WebCT.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses the CSCW literature and identifies the main findings relating to the use and acceptance of collaborative technologies. These findings are applied to the analysis of 65 free‐form accounts of the use of WebCT obtained from student users in a higher education institution.Findings – The challenges to cooperative work tools widely demonstrated within the CSCW research community since the early 1990s are alive and well in the context of e‐learning technology more than ten years later. In particular, there is strong evidence of discrepancies in benefits for different stakeholders, the need for a critical mass of users, and problems with lack of fit with social norms.Research limitations/implications – Conclusions are based on computing students from one institution, but there is no reaso...


The neutron intermolecular radial distribution functions gm (r) of liquid CO2 (at T ⋍ 222 K, θ = 1·15 g cm-3) have been computed for four different potential models, namely a two-centre Lennard-Jones potential with and without point quadrupole, a three-centre Lennard-Jones with point quadrupole and the partially 'ab initio' potential recently proposed by Bohm and Ahlrichs. The features of the radial distribution functions gm (r) are discussed in terms of the partial site-site distribution functions g ij(r) and the important role of the electrostatic interactions is stressed. The two- and three-centre Lennard-Jones potentials with point quadrupole satisfactorily reproduce the main features of the experimental radial distribution function.


Optical research methods are widely used to study gas-liquid systems. In practice, mobile experimental stands are in demand. This article describes the work of an experimental stand for observation, measurement of parameters of a gas-liquid flow. The measured parameters of the gas-piston flow regime correspond to the known research results. The presented technique is applicable for the implementation of a mobile measuring stands.


We present two- and three-dimensional nonseparable wavelets. They are obtained from discrete-time bases by iterating filter banks. We consider three sampling lattices: quincunx, separable by two in two dimensions, and FCO. The design methods are based either on cascade structures or on the McClellan transformation in the quincunx case. We give a few design examples. In particular, the first example of an orthonormal 2-D wavelet basis with symmetries is constructed. >


The growth process of low-temperature plasma-nitriding layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The layer is composed of expanded fcc phase(γN),whose lattice parameter of the layer increases with process time resulting from increasing the nitrogen content.The layer hardness increases gradually with nitrogen content.The high slip band density on the layer surface observed in situ by SEM shows that the surface yield occurs when supersaturated nitrogen content in the layer attains to some value,which is also responsible for the increase in layer hardness.


In this study the effect of constraint on the critical Mode I stress intensity factor for the onset of crack cnrowth was investigated in a particulate composite material, contaimng hard particles m a rubbery matrix. Uniaxial specimens with different specimen thicknesses and mitial crack lengths were tested under a constant strain rate of 8 cm/cm/min at room temperature. The tested data was analyzed and the results are discussed.


Discloses an audio or video encoder, an audio or video decoder and encoding and decoding methods, the synthesis of two audio or video channel based on the first synthesized signal to obtain a signal and the signal originating from the utilization-side prediction signal obtained out of the residual signal. A first synthesis signal and the prediction residual signal along with the prediction direction based on a direction indication optimization target and an indicator associated with the prediction residual signal derived from the optimizer information is encoded and written together with the data stream. Used decoded prediction residual signal, a first combination signal, the prediction information prediction direction indicator and a first channel signal and second channel decoded signal obtained after decoding. In encoding or decoding instance, the real part - imaginary transform may be applied to the estimated spectrum of the imaginary part of the first composite signal. To calculate the prediction residual signal derived signal used in the first synthesized signal by a real-valued real part of prediction information and the estimated imaginary part of the first synthesized signal by the imaginary part of the complex prediction information.


This paper presents the experimental comparison of vector quantization (VQ) methods for Thai text image. The compared methods include of Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG), Enhanced LBG (ELBG) and Genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of VQ over gray image is measured with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and processing time. The studied parameter are including of codebook number, cluster size, training image type, number of training image and noise. In addition, the results are shown in the verities aspects which are conducted to the appropriate approach in compression of Thai text image.


A semiconductive shielding layer compound for mine cable has been developed.The formula based on NBR is as follows:NBR2707 100;conductive filler 100;zinc oxide 10.0;TMTD 4.0;DOP 23.0;other ingredients 13.0,total 250.0.The formula based on EVA is as follows:EVA Levaprene 560 100;conductive filler 100;DCP 3.0;triallyl isocyanate 3.0;DOP/dinbutyl phthalate 15.0;other ingredients 29.0,total 250.0.The both compounds possess good processibility,the physical properties of their vulcanizates meet the requirements in the national standard GB 7594—87,and the performances of finished cable meet the requirements in the national standard GB 12972—91.


Inquiry in the courtroom is the core of in-court investigation. Thus, the legal principle of prohibiting inductive inquire directly affects the realization of the course of justice, the efficiency and so on. The paper based on a clear understanding of the essence of the rule of prohibiting inductive inquire and an analysis of the role it plays, it evaluates the rule and present a deeper thinking over our inductive inquire and the rule, and proposes some suggestions on improving the principles in criminal court.


For determining the distribution model of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) reliability data,the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is applied to simulating the original reliability data,and more reliability data are achieved that have the same distribution rules with the original reliability data. The cluster learning algorithm is chosen as the learning method of the neural networks. The data centers of hidden nodes are determined by unsupervised learning,and the extended constants of the hidden nodes are determined by the distances of each data center,then the output weights of the hidden nodes are achieved by the supervised learning method. After simulating and calculating,the extended reliability data is achieved by the trained RBF neural networks,and the reliability distribution model of WEDM reliability data is confirmed as log-normal distribution model by the graphical estimation method and Kolmogorov-smirnov (K-S) test method. And it is more accurate for estimating characteristic parameters of the reliability distribution model.


Ocular trauma is an evolving sub-specialty. Over the last two decades, various societies and groups of consultants have devised standardized and unambiguous terminologies, classifications and predictive models to keep all ophthalmologists on the same grid.1,2 Naqvi et al in their above mentioned manuscript published in Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 32 (6) 2016, have highlighted the etiology and severity of various forms of ocular war injuries. Ocular war injuries are bilateral in 15-25% of cases.3 In a study, where IED blast and splinter injuries are the most frequent mode of injury; not a single case of bilateral ocular injury is quite unusual and in contradiction to published data. Moreover, Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETTS) is the standardized and acceptable classification of mechanical eye injuries which is not followed in the study. As per BETTS, , the word 'blunt' should be replaced by one of the more appropriate terms i.e 'contusion' or 'rupture'. Otherwise the ambiguity remains whether the inflicting object is blunt or the consequences of trauma are blunt. According to BETTS, the term 'rupture' is an open globe injury due to blunt trauma. In Table-I none of the patient had open globe injury due to blunt trauma, while in Table-III, it is mentioned that six patient had rupture, which is not understandable. Ocular trauma score (OTS) is a predictive model that can predict final visual outcome on the basis of initial raw score recorded at the time of injury. On the basis of raw score patient is divided into one of the 5 different categories (1-5), rather than grades (I -V). Moreover, OTS has been widely used as a predictive model in open globe injuries. Head to head comparison of OTS in open versus closed globe injuries is not a valid option. However, OTS can be used to validate the final visual outcome separately in open and closed globe injuries.


Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a non-lethal skin condition of unknown aetiology, affecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the UK since 2003. It has since spread to 50 % of sites farming rainbow trout. Table-sized fish, normally sold as whole fish, are mostly affected, and downgrading of the product causes great economical losses to the farmer. Outbreaks of RMS generally occur at water temperatures below 16oC, and are associated with high morbidity but low mortality. Fish behave normally and appear unaffected with normal appetite and growth. There is of course a welfare issue associated with the disease because of the large red lesions present on the fish. The aetiology of RMS remains unknown, but is thought to be caused by a bacterium. In 2006, an association was made between RMS and Flavobacterium psychrophilum [1]. The bacterium was detected in lesions on the skin and in the heart of formalin-fixed waxembedded archive material from RMS-affected fish [2], with the 16S gene of F. psychrophilum amplified from DNA extracted from these samples. Heart lesions commonly seen in rainbow trout fry syndrome were also observed. Meanwhile, preliminary work at the University of Stirling, using polyclonal (PAb) and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Piscirickettsia salmonis in IHC indicated the presence of Piscirickettsia-like antigens in RMS tissue samples (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Immunohistochemisty with spleen from RMS-infected fish using an anti-Piscirickettsia salmonis monoclonal antibody, indicating the presence of Piscirickettsia-like antigens in RMS tissue samples [3]. A skin condition similar to RMS is present in rainbow trout in USA i.e. strawberry disease (SD). As with RMS, the aetiological agent of SD was also unknown. However, SD samples were negative for F. psychrophilum. In 2008, Lloyd et al. [4] found a strong correlation between SD lesions from the USA and the presence of a Rickettsia-like organism (RLO) 16S rRNA sequence. This led us to compare RMS samples from UK with SD samples from USA to determine if there is a link between the two diseases. Similar pathology was found between the two conditions, an RLO was associated with both conditions by nested PCR, and both conditions were positive with the anti-P. salmonis PAb and MAbs in IHC. Samples were negative for P. salmonis by PCR. Rickettsia-like organisms and Piscirickettisa-like organisms (PLOs) belong to different classes of the protobacteria [5]. The RLO associated with RMS most likely shares antigens with P. salmonis. It seems there is an association of RMS with a RLO and there is a connection with SD disease in USA [3]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the RLO and F. psychrophilum in RMS/SD. Fish were sampled from four UK trout farms, two with on-going RMS outbreaks and history of the disease and two that never had any outbreak of RMS and were not located on water systems with farms with a history RMS outbreaks, one farm in the USA with SD, and one in the Netherlands that received fish from Denmark (both the Netherlands and Denmark are RMS/SD-free). Ten fish were sampled from each farm for histology, bacteriology, IHC (skin (lesion/normal), heart, liver, gill, kidney, spleen) and qPCR (using samples from the same tissues as IHC). Pathology was used to confirm fish as RMS-positive from RMS-affected sites, while no pathology was seen in fish from the RMS-negative sites. Although fish from positive farms had signs of RMS, there was a difference in the severity in the pathology between the two positive farms, with three fish in the first farm showing no signs of RMS and the remainder mild to moderate pathology, while all ten fish from the second farm had moderate to marked RMS-pathology. A positive reaction was seen in IHC with most fish from affected farms with anti-P. salmonis MAb 23. Fish were also screened by IHC using a combination of two rabbit anti F. psychrophilum sera. Two RMS-affected fish were positive in skin and an internal organ (spleen or heart), one sample with positive staining was also seen in unaffected skin, but the skin, kidney and gill of three non-RMS-affected fish also showed a slight reaction with the anti F. psychrophilum sera. Bacteriological samples were taken from skin lesions (affected and unaffected skin) onto TSA, MVA (for F. psychrophilum) and specialised media for P. salmonis. The cultures on TSA were discontinued because of over-growth. The swabs on the special media for P. salmonis had very faint growth of white colonies, but it was not possible to subculture these and the colonies were lost. Four dominant yellow/white colonies from each MVA plate were analysed using Gram stain, APIzym, and Nested PCR [6] and potential F. psychrophilum isolates were analysed further by MALDI-TOF-MS (Fig. 2) (the reference Flavobacterium stains used in the analysis are shown in Fig. 3) and 16S DNA sequencing (Fig. 4). No F. psychrophilum isolates were identified in either RMS-infected or un-infected fish. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 RMS108 RMS132 RMS133 RMS146 RMS134 RMS139 RMS144 RMS150 RMS135 RMS137 RMS57 RMS82 RMS2 RMS3 RMS16 RMS35 RMS24 RMS83 RMS147 RMS112 RMS5 RMS125 RMS62 RMS141 RMS7 RMS88 MSP Dendrogram


Abstract: Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are the cooperation between the state and the private sector in the planning, realization, financing and operation of traditionally public services. In the area of road infrastructure, they are implemented as F-, A- or V-models. Statements on the profitability of PPP projects are always subject to case studies. As a rule, financing costs for PPPs will be higher than for conventional procurement. Cost savings in PPP, on the other hand, are empirically relatively low, since independent and transparent studies hardly exist. Finally, there are considerable doubts as to whether PPP projects contribute to an increase in efficiency from a macroeconomic perspective and deliver a relevant contribution to the solution of infrastructure problems in Germany. This seems especially to be true with respect to the intended establishment of a federal infrastructure company for motorways.


The spring-and-bead model proposed by Rouse and Zimm can theoretically treat the viscoelastic behaviour of polymers. In this paper, we first point out that the Rouse and Zimm matrices in the molecular theory of polymer viscoelasticities are equivalent to the adjacency matrix and admittance (or Kirchhoff) matrix in graph theory, respectively. In order to solve the eigen-value problems of Rouse and Zimm matrices, the matrices are first represented by their corresponding eigen-graphs, which reflect the topological structure of the real chain. Starting from the eigen-graph, instead of tedious mathematics, the eigen-value problems are solved by a series of simple graphic operations, such as cutting-off the bonds, removing the closed pathways, etc. The eigen-polynomial of Rouse and Zimm matrices and the viscoelastic properties of the chain are obtained by using the theorems given in this paper. It is also shown that the eigen-polynomial of the chain can be greatly reduced if the chain graph has elements of symmetry. As the Rouse theory of viscoelasticity is closely related to the conformational statistics of Gaussian chains, it is demonstrated that the graph-theoretic approach developed here can also be applied to solve the configurational properties of Gaussian chains, such as the distribution function of the radius of gyration and its moments, the shape of a Gaussian chain, etc. We have also demonstrated that the graph-theoretic approach developed here is also applicable to copolymeric chains.


ICBC has invested over $110 million in road safety mitigations through the Road Improvement Program since 1991. The past 20 years' experience has shown sustainable benefits and helped to expand the knowledge base of road safety in BC. This presentation will provide a brief summary of the past and present achievements and what the direction is for the future. Through partnerships, the RI Program has leveraged over $750 million in different types of mitigation measures. Some examples of successful projects will be highlighted.


Abstract Cavum vergae (CV) cysts are developmental cysts of the midline of the brain that is formed from the posterior extension of the cavum septum pellucidum. Several cases of enlarged CV have been reported previously, but prenatal diagnosis of this condition is very rare. We report a case of isolated dilated CV diagnosed prenatally. When midline intracranial cysts are determined prenatally, first physicians must pay attention to distinguish them from pathologic cyst and determine whether associated malformations are present or not. The sonography is a useful tool for both the differential diagnosis and identification of associated malformations. Although CV may be present as a normal variation without clinical findings, it has been also considered as a marker of impaired neurodevelopment. Although the relationship between the CV and the various clinical findings such as headache, papilla edema, cognitive and behavior disorders, and psychiatric problems has not been fully elucidated, an accurate evaluation will be helpful for estimation of prognosis, the assessment of the risk for the other related malformations, and for the follow-up of the patient. Also, it is important to identify these kinds of findings, to clarify their clinical importance and for genetic counseling.


Lima and snap bean varieties that are currently being used to culture the Mexican bean beetle (MBB)and its parasite, Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford), were examined to identify the most efficient variety for the culture of MBB. 'Top Crop,' 'Provider,' 'Spartan Arrow,' and 'Burpee's Stringless' snap beans and 'Henderson' lima beans were compared by constructing life tables for MBB on each variety. Varietal growth rates and responses to MBB culture conditions were also compared. Mean durations of immature MBB development were significantly different between all varieties, being shortest on 'Spartan Arrow' at 19.9 days. The preoviposition period was shortest and oviposition period longest on 'Provider,' being 8.9 and 27.2 days, respectively. Larval and pupal survivorships were higher on 'Henderson' (61.7%) and 'Provider' (60.4%) than on the other varieties. MBB females produced significantly more egg masses (16.5) and eggs (839.7) on 'Provider' than on any other variety. The highest net reproductive rate occurred on 'Provider' (222.5 female progeny per female), but the shorter generation times were on 'Spartan Arrow' (48.0 days) and 'Henderson' (48.1 days). As a result of these differences, MBB on 'Provider' and 'Henderson' exhibited higher intrinsic rates of increase (0.1172 and 0.1112, respectively). These results and observations on growth rates of the varieties and their responses to MBB culture conditions indicated that 'Henderson' lima beans was the best variety of those studied for culturing MBB.


A photoelectric conversion element which is obtained by having a thin film of fine oxide semiconductor particles support a methine-based dye that is represented by formula (1), said thin film being provided on a substrate. (In formula (1), m represents an integer of 1-5; each of l and n represents an integer of 0-6; each of j and k represents an integer of 0-3; each of X and Y represents a hydrogen atom, an aromatic residue, an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or the like; each of Z1, Z2 and Z3 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like; each of A1, A2, A3, A5 and A6 represents a hydrogen atom, an aromatic residue, an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or the like; A4 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or the like; each of A7, A8, A9 and A10 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue or the like; R1 represents a group having a specific structure, an organic metal complex residue or the like; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon residue, an organic metal complex residue or the like.)


Coccidioidal granuloma, a disease in many ways resembling blastomycosis and tuberculosis, but entirely distinct from them, results from infection withCoccidioides immitis, a mold of theAscomycetesgroup. Since the first report of this disease by Wernicke1and Posadas2from Buenos Aires in 1892, which to date seems to be the only instance mentioned outside North America, there have been recorded about fifty additional cases, most of them from California. Rixford and Gilchrist3in 1896 reported the first two cases from California, and regarded as protozoon parasites the spherical-shaped organisms present in the tissues, the confusion having been introduced by Wernicke and Posadas in the original descriptions of the disease. Ophuls and Moffitt,4in 1900, however, demonstrated by cultures of organisms taken from lesions that the causal agent is a mold. Excellent summaries of the disease have been made from time to time by Hektoen,5


Computation offloading is emerging as an effective approach to extend the capabilities of mobile devices by offloading tasks from resource-poor mobile devices to resource-rich clouds. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy and time optimization for wireless computation offloading under the scenario with multiple mobile device users. Firstly, for the case with energy minimization as the objective, we formulate the computation offloading decision problem among multiple mobile device users as a computation offloading game with random access. We analyze the structural property of the game and then devise an algorithm to achieve the Nash equilibrium by exploiting its finite improvement property. Secondly, for the case with time minimization as the objective, we derive the optimal portion of task to be offloaded for each mobile user. Numerical results validates our theoretical analysis.


If food acquisition, preparation and eating over a lifetime have personal and collective meaning, can the memory of these events contribute to residents' well being? This innovative program shows you how.


The effects of final freezing temperature,freezing rate and frozen storage temperature on myofibrillar protein of silver carp muscle were studied, monitoring changes in the Ca 2+ -、Mg 2+ -、 EDTA- ATPase activities as the indexes of protein denaturation in the present study. The results showed that (1) different final freezing ultimate temperatures and freezing rates had no remarkable effect on the denaturation of myosin, even if the sample was frozen from 0℃ to -40℃ after 72 hours(3 day), the changes of Ca 2+ -、Mg 2+ -、EDTA- ATPase activities were not obvious. Moreover, the difference between quick freezing and slow freezing was also not found during the subsequent frozen storage. (2) The lower frozen storage temperature, the more stable the myofibrillar protein; moreover, it can be concluded that frozen storage temperature has great effect on protein denaturatin, compared with the effect of freezing rate and final freezing temperature.


A matrix touch panel device includes input resistive films formed on a first substrate, and output resistive films formed on a second substrate placed face to face with the first substrate and intersecting with the input resistive films in a matrix with a gap therebetween, and by detecting whether any of the input resistive films and any of the output resistive films are in contact at a crossing of the input and output resistive films, detects that the first substrate is pressed against the second substrate at the crossing. The matrix touch panel device includes a voltage applying unit that applies voltage for detecting contact to each input resistive film, a voltage acquiring unit that acquires an output voltage value from each output resistive film, and a determining unit that, for each crossing, based on the acquired output voltage value, determines whether the output is attributed to a contact state.


The 21 st century is widely perceived as being the era of globalization. In an attempt to briefly describe the concept, globalization "pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody on one side of the world can interact, to mutual benefit, with somebody on the other side of the world". 1 More and more people choose or are even forced by the circumstances, to live in another country willing to participate in all aspects within society. In the above described social environment, the protection of fundamental rights faces new challenges. The increasing number of people residing in another state generally represents a different cultural background and as individuals, different perceptions and beliefs, all of which are elements that compose the notion of personality. One of the most significant elements, integral to the human personality, is the approach towards religion and the subsequent rights to express and manifest religious (or atheistic, sceptic, agnostic) beliefs. This explains the characterization of the right to religious freedom as fundamental and its insertion in all legal texts of constitutional nature in Europe and the US even from the 16 th century. 2 Accordingly, freedom of religion has been included to all international human rights treaties, the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (article 18) and the European Convention on Human


This paper provides a historical perspective on the political culture of public health in India. It examines the genesis of the state's commitment to provide for the health of the people, but argues that in that original commitment lay numerous contradictions and fractures that help to explain the state's relative ineffectiveness in the field of public health. It argues that the nationalist movement's initial commitment to the state provision of welfare arose from a complex combination of motives – a concern with democracy and equity as well as concerns about the "quality" and "quantity" of population. The depth of ambition for public health was unmatched by infrastructure and resources; as a result, the state relied heavily on narrowly targeted, techno-centric programmes assisted by foreign aid. The paper also examines the malaria eradication programme as a case study which reveals the limitations and weaknesses of that approach; the ultimate failure of malaria eradication left a huge dent in the state's commitment to public health.


The title compound, [Li(C15H26NSi)(C4H10O)(C5H5N)], contains a Li atom with approximately trigonal planar coordination whose principal coordination sphere consists of one N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)amido, one pyridine and one diethyl ether ligand. There is a further possible bonding contact between the Li atom and the N-ipso C atom of the 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group.


The immunological changes underpinning acquisition of remission (also called sustained unresponsiveness) following food immunotherapy remain poorly defined. Limited access to effective therapies and biosamples from treatment responders has prevented progress. Probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy is highly effective at inducing remission, providing an opportunity to investigate immune changes.


The study is a conceptual descrption of the effects of enterprise training on youth employment from disciplinary and methodological perspective within the kumasi metropolis of Ghana.


The ionization coefficients of electrons and holes (i.e. α and β) have been determined only by the voltage and current characteristics of targets of a-Se APD in the operation state of pick-up tubes. These determinations were based on selfconsistently solving 12 simultaneous transcendent Webb's equations by using random numbers and linear approximations. The values obtained for β and α(1/cm) varied from β=7.36×106 exp (-8.24×106/E) and α=8.09×102 exp (-0.04×106/E), to β=24.6×106 exp (-9.80×106/E) and α=3.60×102 exp (-0.11×106/E) (unit of E; V/cm). The excess noise factor (K') for a gain equaling 10 varied from 2 to 3. The differences in the obtained values were attributed to differences in sample histories.


The characters of the 4-DOF series-parallel robot with two perpendicular moving joints and two rotational joints and the "small displacement perturbation method" of position and pose error analysis were introduced.By the method,the position and pose error model of this kind of robot was established,and the influences of its generalized coordinates deviation and structure deviation on ite end-effecter were analyzed by simulation experiments.The simulation results show that generalized coordinates deviation has obvious influence on the end position error,structure deviation has little influence on the end position error,and the feasibility of the position and pose error model is confirmed.It provides reference for robot position error compensation and accuracy optimum design.


rT HE GROUP of Corinthian earthenware basins characterized by a deep bowl set on a high stand with a base has been studied on occasion but never treated comprehensively. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, for many years involved in a systematic exploration of ancient Corinth, has given me the opportunity to gather a significant number of basins for study. 1 After a careful examination of their distinct morphological characteristics, it is now possible to establish a new class of Corinthian artifacts. By including the fragments of undecorated bowls, stands, and bases which have generally been neglected in favor of examples decorated in relief, it is now possible to make up a sufficiently full and homogeneous picture of this class, which can be clearly delineated in its technical and typological evolution. Examples of marble basins in Corinth are rare. Inasmuch as the area possesses no marble or other hard stone for cutting, Corinthian artisans and artists thoroughly explored the plastic possibilities of the local clay. Earthenware basins, in fact, constitute some of the most frequently documented objects in Corinth, especially in deposits of the Archaic and Classical periods. Thanks to evidence of nearly all the "links in the chain", it is possible to follow the well-defined development of the class's evolution from the end of the 8th century B.C. to the Hellenistic period. The earliest type of basin (1-6) spans from the last decades of the 8th century to the beginning of the 6th century B.C. It is a rather thin basin, made with quite pure clay and covered by fine slip or smoothed with a spatula only. The few deep bowls have a straight profile with flared, thickened rim, flattened on top and with a vertical side. Already at the end of the 7th century, however, the variant with the vertical side shaped in ridges (3) has appeared. Stands are mostly cylindrical or tapered towards the top and pierced by openings. Bowls from the close of the 7th century B.C., with more substantial thickness, seem to have I This work would not have been possible without the generous support of Professor Antonino Di Vita, Director of the Italian School in Athens, who furnished me with the necessary academic and economic assistance. I am, in addition, most grateful to Professor Stephen G. Miller, then Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, for his generous permission to study the finds in the collection of the American School. I would like to thank Professor P. A. Clement, Director of the U.C.L.A. excavations at Isthmia, and Professor J. McK. Camp II, Assistant Director of the American School excavations of the Athenian Agora, for their kind permission to study the finds from those areas under their guidance. I am deeply indebted to Professors E. Paribeni and E. Gebhard, to Drs. B. Lindros Wohl and D. Pullen, and to H. Butzer and M. Camp for many helpful suggestions gleaned from numerous fruitful conversations and for having facilitated my work in innumerable ways. I am appreciative of Dr. Elena Ghisellini's assistance in my quest for clarity of expression. I would especially like to thank Dr. C. K. Williams, II and the indefatigable Dr. Nancy Bookidis for their great kindness and for their advice and encouragement throughout all stages of my work. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge with immense gratitude the help of the architect, A. Alan Ortega Jimenez, who devoted a great deal of his time to revision of the drawings. The text of this paper was translated from the Italian by Alice Boccia Paterakis. For bibliographical abbreviations, see pp. 414-415 below.


UNFCCC was adopted in 1992 in order to prevent global warming. However, as a lack of concrete reduction goal and implementation plan, UNFCCC could not...


KJ-Editor simulates the arranging activity of index cards on a desk. Such activity is essential for carrying out the so-called KJ method, which is very popular in Japanese business society. The KJ method itself is briefly described. The most serious problem when the card arranging activity is simulated on a computer is how to get a panoramic view of all the cards, and a trial for this problem is presented. The authors' experience of software requirements analysis and design using the KJ-Editor is also presented.<<ETX>>


An ultra-low-power protocol is proposed for wireless sensor network based on two-channel communication.By analyzing the anti-collision theory of the protocol,the design principles of the network parameters are given.It shows the association algorithm between power consumption of the sensor node and the lifetime of sensor network,and this algorithm is validated by the network simulation software named OMNeT++.The result shows that by reducing the complexity of the protocol and controlling the working process of the network,it can reduce the energy consumption,extend the life of the entire wireless sensor network,and forecast the lifetime of wireless sensor network.


Securing mobile devices present unique challenges and there is considerable interest in identification of new biometric modalities for active authentication of mobile users. Naïve extension of desktop and other fixed asset biometric modalities to mobile environment is limiting because (a) mobile use provides a richer usage context including location and motion which should be exploited, and (b) biometrics like mouse and eye movement don't simply extend to the mobile usage. We present a new mobile biometric that combines behavioral elements corresponding to what, where, when, and how of the mobile device usage. We propose a representation scheme and a classification model for the new biometric. We also outline an active authentication framework and a test and evaluation approach for using the new biometric.


Administrative Regulations on Safety in Construction Projects defines supervision companies as one of the main units of assuming construction production safety responsibilities.There are some different opinions about this in the building trade.This paper considers that the evidences about supervision companies assuming construction production safety responsibility are not plentitude from discussing in the nomology and the international traditions.However,in the austerity position of construction production safety in the domestic,it is necessary that supervision companies actualize construction production safety supervision and assume a part of construction production safety responsibility.It is suggested that this problem should be dealt with in the emending of the Construction Law.


ABSTRACT Fluidized bed combustion stems out as one of the most feasible technology to burn sewage sludge. However, the performances of bubbling fluidized bed combustors fueled with pelletized sewage sludge are still lacking at pilot scale. In this work, an experimental campaign on a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor (FBC370), was carried out to investigate the effect of sewage sludge pelletization on combustion behavior. The gaseous and particulate emissions during stable thermal regimes for thermal power ranging roughly from 50 to 65 kWth were measured. Under the experimental conditions investigated, a stable and efficient combustion behavior was obtained in terms of low emissions of unburnt species, but a train of cleaning processes is necessary to reduce gaseous and particulate emissions. A two stage de-dusting system for the capture of fine and ultrafine particles and the proper units for the abatement of the NOx, SO2, and HCl produced in high concentrations are needed. The temperature profile in the post-combustion zone and stable combustion conditions are critical for the formation of dioxins. On the whole, the sewage sludge pelletization plays an important role in fuel conversion and in the formation of particulate and gaseous macro pollutants. In particular, it is observed that: 1) the partitioning between fly and bottom ash significantly changes reducing the generation of fines particles produced; 2) the stratified combustion of volatile matter and char particles can be enhanced at low fluidization velocity favoring bed agglomeration phenomena; 3) NO emissions are affected by ash accumulation inside the bed when efficient fuel mixing conditions are achieved.


With the advent of the financial crisis of the 1970s, colleges and universities have been encouraged to improve the quality of their budgeting processes and to expand participation as a means of creating "a more effective use of resources." As a result, nowhere in universities are decision possibilities greater than in the budgeting process. Budgets are important because they represent decisions that are both critical and contested. The budget is, at base, a plan of operating, expressed in dollars, for a given fiscal year in a given institution. It itemizes expected revenues by source and proposed expenditures by organizational unit for the various functions or programs of the institution. Budgeting has always been conceived, at least in part, as a process for systematically relating the expenditures of funds to the accomplishment of planned objectives. It also provides a forum for assessing how these objectives might best be achieved and provides the structure for controlling the expenditure of funds to achieve the objectives. Frequently, budgetary decisions are made through the exercise of power in complex political behaviors. Wildavsky, who has written eloquently of political activity in public sector budgeting, puts it quite succinctly:


In a paper on the relation of light perception to colour perception,* and in previous writings,f I have stated that if a portion of the spectrum be isolated, it will appear monochromatic, the length of the monochromatic region varying with the intensity and wave-length of the light and the colour perception of the observer. Most normal sighted persons make about eighteen such divisions in a bright spectrum. In a paper in the ' Proceedings of the Royal S ocie ty ,L ord Rayleigh,, whilst agreeing that the facts were as I stated in the conditions described by me, expressed the opinion that he could distinguish between the wave lengths included in a monochromatic division to the extent of discriminating between the colours of the two D lines. Lord Rayleigh kindly lent me the colour box with which he had made the experiments, and, on repeating them in the manner described by him, I arrived at similar results. I hope,, however, to be able to show that the results obtained by Lord Rayleigh were due to the admixture of small quantities of white and coloured light and to certain physiological influences which had not been taken into consideration,, and which prevented him from arriving at a correct interpretation of the colours. If a prism, even of the finest polish, be examined with a strong light against a dark background, numerous small particles and irregularities of the surface, which irregularly disperse the light, will be seen. The reflections from the sides of the prisms, lenses, and sides of the box have also to be taken into consideration. The amount of this irregularly dispersed light is small, but is a very important factor taken in conjunction with other facts. I t is necessary, therefore, in order to get rid of the greater part of this irregularly dispersed light, to allow the light included in a monochromatic region to pass through a second aperture, such as that in my spectrometer. When this is done, I have found it impossible by any method which I have adopted to distinguish between the various waves included in the mono


The paper applies the clustering method in image recognition system. Because of the illumination、geometry distortion and the angle of camera,it results in getting multiple geometry centers in the process of template match to the images shooted by the camera. In order to solve the problem,the clustering operation to the matching centers by the improved clustering method is carried out. Then the unqiue geometry center is gotten.


Zingiberaceae plants in Indonesia has been widely used as traditional medicine, such as Curcuma mangga , C. zedoaria , and Kaempferia rotunda . These three plants known as the temu putih. This study aims to determine the chemical content, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, in order to obtain characteristics of each of these plants as an aid for identification. Macroscopic examination is conducted by observing the characteristics of the rhizome in both fresh and dried state, while the microscopic examination is done by observing the microscopic characteristics of the powder and fresh rhizome. Examination of the essensial oil is conducted to determine phytochemical compound by using GC-MS method. Result shown these three specimens, macroscopically have different taste and smell. Microscopically, these three specimens have different cork thickness, secrete cell colors, and different amylum size. As identity compound, for C. mangga , C. zedoaria , and K. rotunda oils are mirsena, germakrona and benzilbenzoat respectively.


This paper expounds the significance of Liaoning transportation logistics industry development, analyzes the advantages and the restriction factors of the development, puts forward the general idea, the basic principles, the main tasks and the safeguard measures in the meanwhile.


Enzymatic hydrolysates from honeybee-collected pollen of Cistus ladaniferus prepared by six proteases and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities were investigated. The yields of hydrolysates were fairly high, about 34-60%, and large amounts of proteins were contained in these hydrolysates. The activities of these hydrolysates were extremely high, similar to various fermented foods such as fish sauce, mirin, sake, soy sauce, vinegar, cheese, miso, natto, and so on. These results suggest it is expected the higher ACE inhibitory activities in hydrolysates from honeybee-collected pollen of Cistus ladaniferus in the body system. That is, it can fully absorb the useful components from pollen to digest using the gastrointestinal enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin. The present study indicates that honeybee-collected pollen peptides can be applied to various fields of functional foods and medicine.


Background. In later years, several characteristic acquired chromosomal aberrations have been identified in mesenchymal tumors. Many of these aberrations, either alone or with histopathologic and clinical data, are useful in diagnosis. The cytogenetic profile of hemangio‐pericytomas has been poorly investigated.


Abstract : An improved chemical sensor matrix is provided for sensing the presence of chemical agents by chemo-electronic means. The chemical sensor matrix is comprised of a plurality of resonators embedded in a single monolithic piece of piexoelectric crystal. The resonators are arranged in rectangular row and column configuration including m rows and n columns, each of the resonators being separated from its neighboring resonators by distances such that the resonant energies do not overlap. Each of the resonators is provided with etch tunnels that are coated within by a chemical substance particular to that resonator and different from the chemical substance used to coat any other resonator, the chemical substance being sensitive to a chemical agent to be detected so that when the chemical agent reacts with the chemical substance the frequency f subscript mn changes. Each of the rows of resonators bears a metallic electrode stripe for that row, and each of said columns of resonators bears a metallic electrode stripe for that column. Two diode arrays are positioned on the periphery of the crystal for addressing the individual row electrode stripes and the individual column electrode stripes so that the desired resonator can be activated by connecting the stripe corresponding to its row address and the stripe corresponding to its column address to suitable active oscillator circuitry and signal processing means. The resonators f subscript mn can then be interrogated sequentially and frequency change registered.


A method for producing a substrate with a cavity is disclosed. The method includes: (a) forming a barrier around a predetermined range, in which the cavity is to be formed on a laminated with a copper foil Master, an inner circuit is formed in the laminated with a copper foil Master; (B) applying a thermosetting resin in the region in which the cavity to be formed; (C) laminating a dielectric layer and a copper foil layer is coated on the laminated with a copper foil master on which the thermosetting resin; (D) pressing the laminated dielectric layer and copper foil layer using a press plate on which a protruding part is formed in a region corresponding to the region in which the cavity to be formed; (E) forming an external circuit pattern on the upper part of the laminated dielectric layer; and (f) releasing the applied thermosetting resin using a solvent, and forming the cavity. The method of the present invention can fix by reducing the thickness of a substrate a plurality of integrated circuits on a housing.


The hydrophobic double modified starch was prepared from corn starch with cross linking agent Sodium Hexametaphosphate and organosilane coupling agents KH-570.By means of orthogonal experiment and four-factors quadratic orthogonal rotation combination experimenent design,the process parameters of hydrophobic doublemodified starch was optimized.Results indicated that the optimized process parameters of cross link modified starch including: pH 11,Sodium Hexametaphosphate 1.5%(dry starch based),temperature of reaction 40 ℃,time of reaction 2 hours.The optimized process parameters are alcohol concentration 95.70%,amount of KH-570 dosage 1.68%(dry starch based),dilution 2.81%,time of reaction 29.61 min.when taken these process parameters,the minimum absorption rate of double modified starch is 16.23%.


The (1+1)-dimensional SU}(N) Yang-Mills Lagrangian, with bare mass M, and gauge coupling e, naively describes gluons of mass M. In fact, renormalization forces M to infinity. The system is in a confined phase, instead of a Higgs phase. The spectrum of this diverging-bare-mass theory contains particles of finite mass. There are an infinite number of physical particles, which are confined hadron-like bound states of fundamental colored excitations. These particles transform under irreducible representations of the global subgroup of the explicitly-broken gauge symmetry. The fundamental excitations are those of the SU(N) X SU(N) principal chiral sigma model, with coupling e/M. We find the masses of meson-like bound states of two elementary excitations. This is done using the exact S matrix of the sigma model. We point out that the color-singlet spectrum coincides with that of the weakly-coupled anisotropic SU(N) gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions. We also briefly comment on how the spectrum behaves in the 't Hooft limit, with N approaching infinity.


Abstract The Purdue Regional Objective Analysis of the Mesoscale (PROAM) is a successive correction type scheme for the analysis of surface meteorological data. The scheme is subjected to a series of experiments to evaluate its performance under a variety of analysis conditions. The tests include use of a known analytic temperature distribution to quantify error bounds for the scheme. Similar experiments were conducted using actual atmospheric data. Results indicate that the multiple pass technique increases the accuracy of the analysis. Furthermore, the tests suggest appropriate values for the analysis parameters in resolving disturbances for the data set used in this investigation.