Progression of disease in the native coronary arterial circulation was studied in 121 patients who underwent saphenous vein bypass graft surgery at the University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham, between 1969 and 1972, and who had a second coronary arteriogram at a mean interval of 11.7 months later. Two hundred thirteen arteries (10 triple, 74 double, 37 single) were grafted and 148 were not. Graft patency rate was 72%. Stenotic obstructive lesions in defined arterial segments and major branches were recorded for each artery at each examination. Pre and postoperative arteriograms were reviewed at the same time. Disease was expressed as "% stenosis' of each segment or branch examined. An arterial score, which was the sum of segments and branches seen on each occasion, was calculated for each artery and the scores were compared. New total occlusion, new obstructive lesions, and progression of pre-existing lesions were five times more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries with comparable initial disease. New and progressive lesions were encountered with the same frequency in arteries with patent and occluded grafts. They occurred more frequently in segments proximal to the graft than in distal segments. Arteries with moderate (less than 75%) and arteries with severe (75-99%) stenosis had similar progression rates. Only 2% of segments of ungrafted arteries showed new total occlusions as compared to 60% of grafted arteries. The arterial score fell by 34% in grafted arteries and did not change in nongrafted arteries. These findings suggest that significantly fewer branches and segments of grafted arteries are seen following bypass grafting. New totally occlusive lesions are considerably more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries and are not related to graft patency at one year after surgery. Disease progression in ungrafted vessels is relatively slow. These changes in the coronary arteries should be considered when assessing patients, particularly those with moderate degrees of stenosis, for bypass grafting.


An environmental investigation, aiming characterize and monitor the quality of water on the physical–chemical parameters, review soil and sediment natural contamination and express the amount of metal on the water, soil and sediment. Inserted on the Doce - River basin, the fifth biggest basin in Minas Gerais State, Piranga basin is formed with several rivers, streams and creeks, it plays important rule, with the Carmo River, forms the Doce - River. Located in thesouthern portion of the Iron Quadrangle, Piranga River does not have too much information recorded. The studies about the upper portion of Piranga (in the extension from Bandeira stream to Xopoto River) along with its tributary rivers and streams, took place to get information about the river's environmental quality. In the river and its tributary rivers on a first sample campaign (made in the summer time) 60 samples were collected (28 water samples, 28 sediment samples and 4 soil samples). In the second sample campaign (made in the winter time) 54 samples were collected and analysis (27 water samples and 27 sediment samples).all the samples were submitted to physical-chemical analyses, concentration of Al, As,Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V e Zn weredetermined by inductively coupled plasma method (ICP-OES). With the results, according to CONAMA's Resolution, the river basin water was classified onto 1, 2 and 3 classes. The parameter concentration to turbidity, TDS, chloride, sulphate, Ba, Al and Zn placed the river basin waters onto 1 and 2 classes, Co, Cu, Mn and Fe elements placed the river basin waters onto 1, 2 and 3 classes. As, Cd, Cr, Li, Ni e V did not feature detectable concentrations. With data plotted in "Boomerang" diagrams, seasonal (winter and summer) rain and lithological influences were proved true by the location of the river in the "boomerang" diagram. Soil quality was determined according to CETESB and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA). Co-relationship results of soil-sediment showed that Fe and Al have natural sources of theirs concentrations, although elements such as Ca, K, Mn, Cu, As, Zn and Mg, Mg, have natural sources plus human activities sources increasing their concentration.


: Nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing NSAIDs are a new class of NSAID derivatives with markedly reduced gastrointestinal toxicity. Although it has been demonstrated that NO‐NSAIDs spare gastric mucosal blood flow, molecular determinants involved in this effect are unknown.


Sorting is one of the most frequently used types of processing in computer systems. In presented approach sorting will be considered as an introduction of order into processed input task and algorithm as a physical system (responsible for computations). This analysis shows how the dependencies in processed tasks can influence the behavior of algorithm (or equivalently Turing machine). Normally, analysis of any algorithm behavior is done in terms of classical computational complexity. In this paper the rate of existence of long-term correlations in processing dynamics is calculated basing on Hurst coefficient. Slowa kluczowe: zalezności dlugoterminowe, algorytm szybkiego sortowania, wspolczynnik Hurst'a, samopodobienstwo.


ABSTRACT Since its inception in 1999, the distributed leadership framework of Spillane, Halverson, and Diamond [2004. "Towards a Theory of Leadership Practice: A Distributed Perspective." Journal of Curriculum Studies 36 (1): 3–34. doi:10.1080/0022027032000106726] has supported research into leadership and change in schools. Whilst the conceptual integrity of the framework is sound, research based upon its premises has attracted some criticism. The research has had a narrowed focus which has not generally reflected the inseparability of the elements of the framework and the situation within which leadership is enacted. In addition, it often fails to account for the complexity of critical elements of the environment such as micropolitics. This position paper proposes a reconfiguration of the distributed leadership framework as a research framework in response to this critique. The paper asserts that this new perspective that is presented is able to respond to the critique through an integrated approach that encompasses situation, social distribution and task enactment and which supports an integrated approach to research methodology. This adapted framework has the potential to more fully support research design that is actuality holistic and embedded in the context.


1. Angell TE, Lechner MG, Nguyen CT, Salvato VL, Nicoloff JT, LoPresti JS. Clinical features and hospital outcomes in thyroid storm: A retrospective cohort study. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2015;100:451‐9. 2. Burch HB, Wartofsky L.Life‐threatening thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid storm. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1993;22:263‐77. 3. Bahn RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Garber JR, Greenlee MC, Klein I, et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. EndocrPract2011;17. 4. Papi G, Corsello SM, Pontecorvi A. Clinical concepts on thyroid emergencies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014;5:102. 5. Ashkar FS, Katims RB, Smoak WM 3rd, Gilson AJ. Thyroid storm treatment with blood exchange and plasmapheresis. JAMA 1970;2141275‐9.


The results of vacuum testing and magnet corrections in various chamber sections are described. Applications of traps with thermoelectric cooling for high-vacuum assemblies are discussed. (tr-auth)


Our next example of a coordination-based system is Jini from Sun Microsys-tems. Referring to Jini as a coordination-based system is primarily based on its support for generative communication in the form a Linda-like service called JavaSpaces, which forms the focus of our discussion of Jini. In addition, it provides support for letting clients easily discover services when they become available , as well as a distributed event and notification system. There are also many other services and provisions that make Jini more than just a coordination-based system. However, the services just mentioned justify its treatment as a case study in coordination-based distributed systems. The specification of Jini is available from Sun Microsystems, and is described in (Sun Microsystems, 2000b; and Waldo, 2000). Keith (2000) gives a good introduction to the core facilities of Jini. Jini is a distributed system that consists of a mixture of different but related elements. It is strongly related to the Java programming language, although many of its principles can be implemented equally well in other languages. An important part of the system is formed by a coordination model for generative communication. We first discuss this model before giving the overall architecture of a typical Jini system. Coordination Model Jini provides temporal and referential uncoupling of processes through a Linda-like coordination system called JavaSpaces (Freeman et al., 1999; Sun Microsystems, 2000a). A JavaSpace is a shared dataspace that stores tuples representing a typed set of references to Java objects. Multiple JavaSpaces may coexist in a single Jini system. Tuples are stored in serialized form. In other words, whenever a process wants to store a tuple, that tuple is first marshaled, implying that all its fields are marshaled as well. As a consequence, when a tuple contains two different fields that refer to the same object, the tuple as stored in a JavaSpace implementation will hold two marshaled copies of that object. A tuple is put into a JavaSpace by means of a write operation, which first marshals the tuple before storing it. Each time the write operation is called on a tuple, another marshaled copy of that tuple is stored in the JavaSpace, as shown in Fig. 12-2. We will refer to each marshaled copy as a tuple instance. The interesting aspect of generative communication in Jini is the way that tuple instances are read from a JavaSpace. To read a tuple instance, a process provides …


In this paper we present a mathematical model for CSP-like language. This model handles both safety and liveness properties of "purely parallel" CSP processes, as well as CSP processes with internal machine states. A refinement order is defined in this model which is a combination of the refinement order in CSP's failure model and the refinement order for sequential programs. Finally, related work and applications are discussed.


Auditory development started even before birth. It has interesting potential features that need auditory experience to show them. This article is a short review of auditory development in infants.


The kinetics of anodic oxidation of niobium have been studied in 0.1M L-ascorbic acid without and with addition of a millimole of sodium phosphate at a constant current density of 8 mA.cm-2 and at room temperature (300 K). The addition of phosphate ions found to improve the kinetics of film formation. This trend and mechanism of anodic oxide film growth is confirmed from radio-tracer studies using labeled phosphate ions. The conclusion of the results obtained is migration of anion impurity and accumulation of active phosphate in the inner layers of the oxide film formed.


Huandong heavy oil field has been developed for more than 10 years.The principle blocks have entered late stage of cyclic steam stimulation.Lack of backup resource is a bottle neck restricting oilfield development.Since 2006,the oilfield has enhanced the study and recovery of hard-to-recover heavy oil reserves.Reservoir geological characteristics are meticulously described as per the thought of "integrated study,systematic dissection,object optimization,progressive development".The production performance of vertical wells is analyzed in detail.The feasibility of horizontal well development is studied by numerical simulation.4 blocks are selected to carry out horizontal well development and has achieved good effect.Hard-to-recover heavy oil reserve in Huandong oilfield has been produced effectively.


The results of a current research on the subject of configuration of professional identity of teachers in the field of scenic arts in the university, are presented in this paper. On the basis of analysis of didactic workshops, the relationships between socio-professional practices of reference and didactic practices are addressed through the study of two typical sequences in scenic training: body and voice. The analysis shows that the variety of social practices of reference may produce differentiated didactic effects, as well as a fine configuration of professional gestures that are specific to the field.


Due to expected benefits such as citizen participation and innovation, the release of Public Sector Information is getting increased attention on various levels of government. However, currently, data release by governments is still novel, with little experience and knowledge thus far about the benefits and barriers of release. This is compounded by a lack of understanding about how internal processes influence data release. Our aim in this paper is to get a better understanding of these processes and how they influence data release, i.e, to find determinants for the release of public sector information. For this purpose, we conducted workshops, interviews, questionnaires and desk research. We find that the way data is used by a department, the way data is obtained, how data is stored, and the suitability of data to become open, as crucial indicators for open data release. We conclude with lessons learned based on the research findings. These are that we should take a nuanced approach towards data release, avoid releasing data for it's own sake and take small incremental steps to explore data release.


The invention concerns anti-ESM-1 monoclonal antibodies and their uses for detecting ESM-1 protein. Different forms of the ESM-1 protein have been isolated by means of said antibodies. Said antibodies and said proteins can be used for treating inflammatory diseases.


Landscape drawing has often privileged a fixed optical view, inculcating an idea of landscape as capable of reaching a stable, finished state as an object or scene. Among the effects of this static view are a loss of public agency. When landscapes are understood primarily as a surface apportioned into legal property, those who live through them are reduced to users and consumers of an opaquely managed resource. In this creative-practice research project I explored relationships between pedestrian agency and the articulation of possible worlds latent in landscapes by mapping a series of walks across Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland. These surveys suggest how a patient practice of relational drawing can disclose new opportunities for finding agency, countering experiences of alienation and disenfranchisement.


The present invention relates to a method for creating an ignition characteristic map for an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, in which, when the engine is running operation repeated at regular intervals, a respective torque for combustion in the internal combustion engine is derived from a characteristic, on an evaluation of a speed a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is based, and is used in starting an operating point starting from a start value for the ignition angle, the value of the ignition angle varied systematically to the start value and the one value of the ignition angle is entered as the optimum ignition angle value in the map, in which a maximum torque is produced. The present invention further relates to a suitable arrangement.


The magnetic field generated by four parallel infinitely long straight current-carrying wires was simulated with the software FlexPDE,and force between the wires was calculated. The results showed that the simulation was correct.The research can help readers understand the distribution of magnetic field around the current-carrying wires more clearly.


Diagnostic criteria for metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have been proposed, but not validated. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the MAFLD definition vs the existing NAFLD criteria to identify patients with significant fibrosis and to characterize the impact of mild alcohol intake.


This paper studies a multi-agent rendezvous problem where the agents' positions are restricted in a circle and each can sense a bearing vector with regard to the center and communicate with its neighbor on the sensed bearing. A bearing-only control law is proposed and is proved to drive the n-agent system to a set of equilibria which contains the rendezvous space (desired equilibrium set). Depending on the interaction graph between n agents, the set of equilibria may also contain some subsets of undesired equilibria. For some specific cases (n-agent system with line graphs and three-agent system with complete graph), we show that the sets of undesired equilibria are repulsive, and thus any trajectory of the nagent system starting outside the undesired equilibrium set approaches the rendezvous space. Simulations are also provided to validate the analysis.


Chronic dialysis patients typically have numerous nutritional disturbances including abnormal lipid metabolism. They may also experience adverse clinical consequences of hemodialysis including intradialytic hypotension, muscle cramping, cardiac arrhythmias, as well as generalized fatigue following dialytic therapy. These symptoms may, in part, be related to abnormal muscle metabolism. Recently, carnitine deficiency has been proposed as a link between some of the adverse nutritional-biochemical consequences of end-stage renal disease and the untoward clinical events listed above. Carnitine, 3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethylaminobutyric acid, is required for shuttling long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondria1 membrane for subsequent P-oxidation and the provision of cellular energy. Carnitine's carrier function in fatty acid metabolism is shown in Figure 1. Carnitine also plays a role in branched-chain amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis (1). Carnitine is not an essential nutrient because it can be synthesized de novo from the amino acids lysine and methionine. Preformed carnitine can be obtained from red meats, which are particularly rich in carnitine, or dairy products. Little, if any, carnitine is found in vegetable products. In tissues and biologic fluids, carnitine is present in a free form as the L-isomer and in an esterified form as shortor long-chain fatty acid acyl-carnitine. Synthetic carnitine may consist of a racemic mixture of Dand L-isomers, or more recently, as L-carnitine alone.


We propose to use Wikidata to provide metadata for datasets when the traditional approach via Schema.org is not feasible. We describe and discuss the proposal, and believe that the process described in this paper can help with increasing findability and accessibility of certain datasets.


A general approach we have proposed for automatically proving geometric theorems requires both Clifford algebraic reduction and term-rewriting. This paper shows how efficient techniques and software tools developed in the areas of algebraic computation and term-rewriting can be combined for our purpose of theorem proving in geometry. Some investigations and experiments for concrete cases have been carried out by combining routines implemented in Maple V and Objective Caml. The experiments together with several examples illustrate the suitability and performance of our approach.


Abstract The enantioselective Michael addition of α-cyanoketones to α,β-unsaturated trichloromethyl ketones was firstly reported. With a phenylalanine-derived bifunctional piperazine/thiourea catalyst, a series of α-trichloromethyldihydropyrans were obtained with up to 95% ee and 99% yield.


In this study, wireless sensor networks and time base generators are used to solve the fixed-time containment control problem in multi-agent systems with fixed topologies. A new event-triggered control protocol is proposed, which combines a fully distributed method and a time base generator (TBG). The goal is to converge the states of all followers to the convex hull formed by the leader. The controller reduces communication and improves control efficiency by integrating a fully distributed control mechanism using wireless sensor networks. In addition, a time base generator (TBG) is added to ensure that the dwell time continues to be pre-specified and independent of initial conditions. Using matrix theory, the original system is transformed into an error system, and its stability is analyzed by the Lyapunov method. The necessary and sufficient conditions for solving the time consensus containment control problem in multi-agent systems are determined and Zeno behavior is avoided. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples.


Objective
To explore the capacity of three-dimensional power doppler sonography (3D-PDS) ultrasound combined with breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) for ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods
The BI-RADS and 3D-PDS were conducted on 257 patients with 282 lesions prior to operation. The conventional ultrasound features and three dimensional vascular features were compared between the malignant lesions and benign ones with histopathological results as the reference standard. The clinical values of BI-RADS alone, 3D-PDS alone and the combination of two methods were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
In total of 282 breast tumors, there were 175 (62.1%) benign lesions and 107 (37.9%) malignant ones. Statistical significant differences were observed in tumor shape, orientation, boundary, margin, posterior acoustic feature and calcification between the two groups in terms of two dimensional sonography features (P<0.01), and the vascular distribution, the morphology of the vessels and the perforator vessel in the 3D vascular features (P<0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined method was greater than that of BI-RADS and 3D-PDS.

Conclusion
There were significant differences in conventional ultrasound features, as well as in three-dimensional vascular characteristics between the malignant breast lesions and the benign ones. BI-RADS and 3D-PDS both have limitations., However, BI-RADS combined with 3D-PDS can improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Key words:
Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography; Breast neoplasms


Power transformers' failures are often catastrophic and almost always cause irreversible internal damage. To optimize maintenance schedules, various condition monitoring techniques of power transformers have been developed in attempt to reduce operating costs, enhance the reliability of operation, improve power supply and service to customers. DGA is a reliable and very sensitive technique to identify the incipient faults in power transformers. To overcome these limitations, this thesis introduces a new fuzzy logic approach to reduce dependency on expert personnel and to aid in standardizing DGA interpretation techniques. The results indicated that the accuracy of predictions of the FL technique were 95% based on IEC ratio methods.


Modern Networked Critical Infrastructures (NCI), involving cyber and physical systems, are exposed to intelligent cyber attacks targeting the stable operation of these systems. In order to ensure anomaly awareness, the observed data can be used in accordance with data mining techniques to develop Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) or Anomaly Detection Systems (ADS). There is an increase in the volume of sensor data generated by both cyber and physical sensors, so there is a need to apply Big Data technologies for real-time analysis of large data sets. In this paper, we propose a clustering based approach for detecting cyber attacks that cause anomalies in NCI. Various clustering techniques are explored to choose the most suitable for clustering the time-series data features, thus classifying the states and potential cyber attacks to the physical system. The Hadoop implementation of MapReduce paradigm is used to provide a suitable processing environment for large datasets. A case study on a NCI consisting of multiple gas compressor stations is presented.


Carcass yield characteristics and economic advantage of skip-a-day feed restriction method at different growth stages of Rhode Island Red chicken was evaluated. Two-hundred forty day-old chicks with average body weight of 48.92±1.5 g were randomly distributed into 12 pens each with 20 chicks, representing four feeding regimen of T1 (Unrestricted, Control), T2 (Restricted at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age), T3 (Restricted at 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of age) and T4 (Restricted at 63, 70, 77 and 84 days of age). Feed restriction was based on skipping a-day once in a week and the next day's feed offer was based on the previous day's feed intake. The experiment lasted for 22 weeks, during which feed intake and body weight changes were monitored. At the end of the experimental period, six pullets from each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate carcass yield, abdominal fat and weights and lengths of different parts of gastrointestinal tract. The daily DM, CP and ME intake as well as body weight changes at different ages were non-significant (P>0.05) for birds in different treatment groups. The DM efficiency ratio also did not significantly varied (P>0.05). In contrast, the total DM intake (g) was signifi- cantly different (P 0.05) affected except liver weight which was higher (P<0.05) for T3. Cost of feed consumed per kg live weight gain was lower for the feed restricted birds compared to the control and it was the least for T4. Besides, the labor cost was lower for the feed restricted groups than the unrestricted group. It is concluded that feed restriction at later days of age (T4) is economically beneficial compared to the other early age restricted groups based on partial budget analysis. The results of this study suggested that the feed restriction at T3 might be considered as beneficial in terms of carcass cut characteristics and T4 on economic return.


The determinant of rows and columns is a tool for dealing with the linear algebra and its usage has been extended to a wider field,including maths,physics and other science.The n-th determinant calculation is a common problem for students.In this essay,the author will introduce some new ways to solve this problem, for example,the making definition,changing into triangle(upper and low),decreasing the degree,adding the margin,splitting some items,recursive algorithm,and induction.


[Objective]To study acute toxicity of sulfide to Penaeus monodon,so as to provide scientific reference for the healthy development of culture of P. monodon. [Method]Acute toxicity experiment was conducted to compute the median lethal concentration( LC50) and safety concentration( SC) of sulfide for P. monodon under different salinity condition. [Results] The 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h LC50of sulfide for P. monodon at the salinity of 25 were 16. 6,14. 7,14. 5 and 10. 5 mg / L,respectively. At the salinity of 20,24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h LC50were 11. 3,9. 6,7. 8 and 7. 3 mg / L,respectively. At the salinity of 15,24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h LC50were 10. 4,9. 4,7. 7 and 7. 0 mg / L,respectively. At the salinity of 10,24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h LC50were 5. 9,5. 7,5. 5 and 4. 3 mg / L,respectively. At the salinity of 5,24 h,48 h, 72 h and 96 h LC50 were 4. 1,2. 3,1. 4 and 1. 0 mg / L,respectively. At the salinity of 25,20,15,10,and 5,the SC were 1. 1,0. 7,0. 7 mg / L,0. 4 and 0. 1 mg / L,respectively. [Conclusion]The toxicity of sulfide for P. monodon is influenced by salinity. The lower the salinity, the higher is the toxicity of sulfide for P. monodon.


Some examples of badly packed radium preparations are discussed. The magnitude of the resulting irregularities of tissue dose has been investigated, and compared with results computed from quantitative study of autoradiograms.


GaAs on Si technology is attractive for an advanced opto-electronic integrated circuit. However, GaAs light emitters that were fabricated on Si so far degraded rapidly due to large residual stress and high dislocation density. We have proposed UCGAS (undercut GaAs on Si) structure to reduce stress and dislocation density down to less than 2 x 108 dyn/cm2 and to less than 5 x 105 cm-Z, respectively.l'2) In this paper, dynamic motion of dislocations in planar GaAs on Si with large stress, stress-released-UccAs and in the homoepitaxial GaAs are compared for the first time. LED performances are also discussed in conjunction with the dislocation dynamics.


Part I. The Absorber-Galaxy Connection Part II. Lyman-Alpha Systems Part III. Models and Numerical Simulations Part IV. Abundances and Dust Part V. High Redshift: Theory and Observations Part VI. Posters.


The article presents the results of scientific research on the growth and development
of Tograikhan (Origanum tytthanthum Gontsch) in the climatic conditions of Termez,
Surkhandarya region, seed germination and the impact of environmental factors on the plant, the
ether of the plant oil and medicinal properties.


Ticks are obligate blood feeding ectoparasites of vertebrates incurring huge production loss in livestock industry & creating serious public health problems in the world. This review explores the acaricides resistance & ethnoveterinary practices to control ticks infestation. Long-term use of acaricides has generated resistance in many tick species. The use of phyto extract might play an important role in addressing the ticksmanifestation as ethnoveterinary plant has demonstrated repellent & toxic effects on ticks. They are of course less expensive, but they are often regarded as being more effective& therefore can be developed further for tick control & management. In regard to our literature survey the biological & parasitic activities of the plant species & status of acaricides resistance are given herein. It is hoped that our review would help to facilitate selection for further investigation of Plants & Acaracides with relatively high levels of potency & a wide range of biological activities


Flatfish(Paralichthys olivaceus) skin is used as a new kind of collagen resource, firstly retreat the raw material, then 2709 alkaline protease was used to hydrolyze. The single factor experiment and Response Surface Methodology were used to optimize the technical parameters, the optimal technical parameters were obtained as following: pH 10, concentration of substrate 70 g/L, ration of 2709 alkaline protease 4 %, temperature 55 ℃, and the maximum hydrolysis degree was 22.36 %.Then the hydrolysates was treated, we gained a suit of whole technics to produce fishskin collagen oligopeptide. MALDI-TOF-MS was used to determine the molecular weight distribution of hydrolysates, the results indicated that the molecular weight of the majority was between 0.6 kD and 1.8 kD.


Originality: This chapter provides systematic qualitative evidence for and adds to the limited body of knowledge on innovative talent management strategies, programmes, and practices of hospitality companies. Furthermore, the chapter considers both strategic and operational views on talent management.


Due to various seasonal and monthly changes in electricity consumption, it is difficult to model it with conventional methods. This paper illustrates an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach based on supervised multi layer perceptron (MLP) network for household electricity consumption forecasting. This is the first study which uses MLP for forecasting household electricity consumption. Previous studies base their verification by the difference in error estimation. However this study shows the advantage of MLP methodology through design of experiment (DOE). Moreover, DOE is based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMLT). Furthermore, actual data is compared with ANN-MLP and conventional regression model. The significance of this study is integration of MLP and DOE for improved processing, development and testing of household electricity consumption. Moreover, it would provide more reliable and precise forecasting for policy makers. To show the applicability and superiority of the integrated approach, annual household electricity consumption in Iran from 1974 to 2003 was collected for processing, training and testing purpose.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Molatore, Thomas Lee, "A comparison of the effects of biofeedback and meditation treatment on essential hypertension" (1979). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2936.


The infrared absorption bands due to the O=C–C=N–OH system have been investigated by the use of diacetyl monoxime, isonitrosoacetone, and their O-deuterated and O-methylated derivatives. All the bands observed have been reasonably assigned. So far as the infrared spectra are concerned, the degree of conjugation in the C=O bonds is between those of saturated ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones. The degree of conjugation in the C=N bonds is greater than those of conjugated imines and of aldoximes containing a C=C–C=N group and is approximately equal to those of vic-dioximes containing an N=C–C=N group. Under the influence of conjugation, the N–O bonds have a greater double-bond character than those of unconjugated oximes. The bond character varies with the hydrogen bonding, the type of which is not –O–H…N=C, but –O–H…O=C. In general, the bands due to the C=N bonds of oximes are weak. However, they are intensified by deuteration and are intensified remarkably by methylation.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between curative effects of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia and serum homocysteine levels.Method:A total of 68 patients with schizophrenia were divided into high homocysteine(HHcy) group and non-HHcy group according to the serum homocysteine level.They were treated with olanzapine for 12 weeks,and serum homocysteine levels were tested by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.The patients assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) and clinical global impressions scale(CGI) before and after treatment.Results:There was significant difference in the effective rate between the HHcy group and non-HHcy group(P0.05 or P0.01)(41% vs 65%).After 2 weeks treatment,the total score of PANSS and CGL-SI in both groups decreased significantly compared with that before trentment(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion:The serum homocysteine level has certain influence on curative effects of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.


School-age children are currently experiencing tremendous family change and loss. It is estimated that onethird of American children will spend the first 18 years with only one parent, one in 20 will lose a parent by death before 18, one in five families will move each year (Hayes, 1984) and as of 1990, one in three children under 18 has divorced parents (Cantrell, 1986). Other studies acknowledge the large numbers of children who also experience the deaths of, or separation from siblings, grandparents, pets, and friends through illness, accidents, deployment, and nonfamilial custodial care (Considine & Steck,1994: Glass,1991; Holland,1993:Nelson,1977). School personnel have increasingly become concerned about these children, who often have difficulty coping with the school environment after a loss and exhibit behaviors such as lack of concentration, inability to complete tasks, fatigue, excessive displays of emotion, withdrawal, and aggressiveness (Fox Valley Hospice, 1987; Glass, 1991; Holland,1993; Oates,1993;Webb 1993). Fortunately, adults who work with children in schools are coming to believe "grief is a normal reaction to loss, whether a person, place, thing or idea" (Fox Valley Hospice,1987, p 1) and to recognize that all the losses children face should be grieved. (Glass,1991; Holland,1993; Jewett,1982 Webb,1993).There is also acknowledgment that schools should offer support for students experiencing loss (Considine & Steck,1994; Glass, 1991; Guthrie, 1992; Holland, 1993) and that schools should consider such support a valid part of the school's mission to "educate children in areas of academic and life skills" and "guide children through difficult life experiences" (Webb, 1993, p.217). The literature reflects the ways schools have responded to the needs of grieving children. Many have appropriately formed crisis action teams in case of a death or other related loss (Guthrie,1992; Oates,1993;Webb,1993;Wenckstern, 1993). School counselors and psychologists are offering individual and group counseling for bereaved children (Glass,1991; McGlauflin, 1992; Moore & Herilihy, 1993). Other sources suggest training and educational materials for teachers and other school staff (Considine & Steck, 1994; Fox Valley Hospice,1987;Webb,1993;) or encourage schools to incorporate death and change education into the classroom (Considine & Steck, 1994; Lagorio, 1993; Nelson, 1977; Westmorland,1996). Although schools need to be prepared for death-related crises, to offer bereavement support for students after a death, and to educate students and staff about death and grief issues, helping children grieve at school should mean more than addressing the needs of students grieving a death. An equally important goal should be to create a school climate that is sensitive to the significant number of children experiencing loss regularly and, presumably, grieving some sort of family separation and change. With these goals in mind, helping children grieve at school means raising an entire school's awareness of the regularity of loss and grief and how the grief process effects all the community's members. By integrating an understanding and acceptance of grief, schools can reach the children already grieving, and teach nongrieving children that the grieving process is a natural and normal response to loss. This article addresses important considerations for counselors, teachers, and school personnel interested in helping all children grieve by honoring and integrating the grief process into a school.Three areas vital to affecting an entire school climate will be emphasized: Being knowledgeable about the grief process Being open to the grief process Integrating the grief process into the daily operations of a school BEING KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE GRIEF PROCESS To successfully and comfortably integrate the grieving process into a school community, both the adults and the children of the community should become knowledgeable about the grief process (Glass, 1991; Holland, 1993; Nelson, 1977;Westmorland, 1996). …


THE FUNDAMENTAL POLITICAL POLARITIES in Upper Canada are often viewed as having proceeded from the Constitutional Act of • 791, which created an hiatus of responsibility between an executive, responsible to a ministry in England, and a popularly elected Assembly, responsive to the demands of a local electorate. The 'racial' or cultural conflicts which polarized politics in Lower Canada are thought of as being virtually absent in the upper province. There, party divisions are perceived as having emerged, not from national division, but from constitutional impasse. Anti-executive representatives, who by the •82os were coalescing into the Reform party, are treated as being in fundamental conflict with the tory supporters of the embattled executive, giving rise to a contest only finally resolved with the achievement of'responsible government' in • 848. In accord with this analysis, opponents of the executive tend to be categorized in terms of the moderation or extremism of their opposition. Thus, in contrast with 'moderates' like the Bidwells and Baldwins stand 'extremists' like W.L. Mackenzie, who were driven to republicanism and rebellion. Beyond these two categories there exists a third grouping of simple 'trouble-makers' consisting of persons who appear to have been actuated by no discernable principles, or whose alleged principles eem only to have masked petty intrigue. Such roles, for example, are generally assigned to Judge Thorpe, in the commotions of 18o67, and to Judge Willis, in the controversies of • 827-8. Polarities induced by the act of • 79 • certainly existed and were of prime importance. It is argued below, however, that they have been regarded too exclusively in terms of their resolution of 1848. This view from hindsight, it is contended, has imposed false perspectives upon the past and has blinded historians to the significance of polarities other than the tory-reform divi-


Location management is essential task in current cellular system. Mobility prediction is widely used to assist handoff management, resource reservation and service pre-configuration. Location management methods are to find out mobile unit current location. Location update and paging have to maintain efficiently to minimize location management cost in cellular network. This paper introduce new user movement pattern according to particular time slot based algorithm reducing location management cost. This algorithm is based on user's daily predefined moving geographical activities pattern, according to time. Paging decision for user is based on this predicted location for any instance of time interval. This predicated value again sort by higher probability of user finding in any cell for that time duration. This prediction information is saved by mobile unit in its memory for every fixed time interval. The results confirm the effectiveness of this method compare to existing method for real time in mobile services and proposed method.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the polyphonic debate on the future of interpretive accounting research (IAR) by addressing the issues of cumulative knowledge and embedment of IAR in wider literatures. Design/methodology/approach - McCracken's method of inquiry, adapted to incorporate meso-level considerations, can be used to help resolve these issues. Accounting-related phenomena can be studied by first identifying the cumulative knowledge contributed by different theoretical perspectives that provides broad skeletal categories to be investigated in the context of an interpretive study. In addition, micro- and macro-level "external" theories are incorporated in a global meso-level framework to provide a high-level lens to guide data generation and analysis, fostering the embedment of IAR in wider literatures. Findings - Meso-level research implies thinking organizationally and behaviourally, and thinking about linkage. By extension, it requires reflecting on the characteristics of the context in which the phenomenon occurs and the actors behave, the nature of the task or decision to perform, and possible links between macro- and micro-factors that help identify "external" theories and frameworks that contribute to understanding the phenomenon. Research limitations/implications - The contribution of the suggested approach is highlighted in the context of financial accounting research. Reflexive accounts on the choice and use of a meso-level approach are presented, and the issue of appropriate balance between theoretical and empirical material is addressed. Originality/value - Creativity is fostered when cumulative knowledge about a specific phenomenon is embedded in wider meso-level theoretical perspectives, leading to the discovery of new insights about the topic under study and contributing to the advancement of knowledge.


Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Area U (WMA U) is in the 200 West Area on the Hanford Site. The area includes the U Tank Farm that contains 16 underground, single-shell tanks and their ancillary equipment and waste systems. WMA U is regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as codified in 40 CFR Part 265, Subpart F and Washington's Hazardous Waste Management Act (HWMA, RCW 70.105) and its implementing requirements in the Washington State dangerous waste regulations (WAC 173-303-400). Releases of hazardous wastes from WMA U have contaminated groundwater beneath the area. Therefore, the WMA U is being assessed to determine the rate of movement and extent of the contamination released and to determine the concentrations in groundwater. The original finding of groundwater impact was determined from elevated specific conductance in downgradient well 299-W19-41. The elevated specific conductance was attributed to the nonhazardous constituents calcium, magnesium, sulfate, and chloride. Tank waste constituents nitrate and technetium-99 are also present as co-contaminants and have increased over the past several years; however, at concentrations well below the respective drinking water standards. Chromium concentrations in downgradient wells have generally exceeded background levels, but similar levels were also observed in upgradient well 299-W18-25 in early 2000 before it went dry. The objective of this report is to present the current conceptual model for how and where contaminant releases have reached the water table and how that contamination has dispersed in the groundwater system. These efforts will achieve the requirements of a groundwater quality assessment under RCRA [40 CFR 265.93 (d)(4)]. On that basis, a monitoring schedule with appropriate analyses and proposals for new wells and tests are presented in this document.


The present paper deals with anisotropic corrections factors proposed as a function of the clearness index in order to correct the diffuse solar irradiance measured with the Melo-Escobedo Shadowring Measuring Method (ME shadowring). The global irradiance was measured by an Eppley PSP pyranometer ; direct normal irradiance by an Eppley-NIP pyrheliometer fitted to a ST-3 sun tracking device and the diffuse irradiance by an Eppley-PSP pyranometer fitted to a ME shadowring. The validations were performed by the MBE and RMSE statistical indicators. The results showed that the anisotropic correction factors were appropriate to correct the diffuse irradiance.


Lope's La dama boba seems simple enough. A socially prominent madrileno has two very different and difficult daughters to marry off. One, Nise, is a bluestocking whose lovers press their suit with so literary a fervor that they form a miniature academia. But they are affected types who do not inspire confidence in her father. The other, Finea, is mentally retarded. Her uncle, however, has left her so large a dowry that many socially impeccable males are eager to marry her. As the play begins, it looks as if the girls' father's troubles are about to end, for Octavio has betrothed Finea to Liseo, a wealthy and well-born Toledan, and Nise seems on the point of accepting Laurencio, an impoverished aristocrat. Yet even before Liseo arrives in Madrid, he learns of Finea's mental defects, and when he meets her he finds that he cannot accept a physically lovely but simple-minded wife. Accordingly, his thoughts turn to her sister, Nise. At the same time Laurencio decides that, despite the community of feeling and intellectual interest between him and Nise, he must have a great deal of money. He therefore undertakes to court Finea so as to secure her dowry. As the courtship proceeds, Finea succeds in learning to read, write and dance. Indeed, she so far develops her mental faculties that she learns to practice duplicity for the sake of her love. Nise has been ill for a good part of this period. She is enraged when she learns of Laurencio's project and tries to stop it. But the bond between her sister and her former lover is now so strong that she allows herself to be betrothed to Liseo, whose addresses she had steadfastly rejected. Thus do both girls marry more or less suitably, although Nise has clearly come off second-best. The central event unmistakably is Finea's awakening to the mind of love. It also permits one, rather too neatly, perhaps, to classify the play as a work dominated by the Ovidian theme of love as the transforming teacher. That appealing motif finds its voice very charmingly in Laurencio's longish speech at the beginning of Act II:


A novel depth-from-focus technique is introduced that needs only a single image. It is based on a precise knowledge of the 3-D point spread function and requires objects of uniform brightness and simple shapes. Using adequate low-level image processing techniques, the true area of the object and the distance from the focal plane is obtained from parameters such as the apparent (blurred) area of the object and the mean brightness in this area. The technique has been applied to measure the size distribution of bubbles submerged by breaking waves. A depth criterion is used to define a virtual measuring volume that is roughly proportional to the size of the bubbles.<<ETX>>


Along with the application of modern information technology,quantities of CD and online databases, voluminous Internet search engines are used frequently in consultation work within libraries. Digital reference resources are brought forward to centralize the mature digital information resources to provide better information service.


Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the theoretical, methodical and practical foundations of financial resources management in the public sector in the context of strengthening the financial security of economic entities, identifying positive, negative and problematic results and, on their basis, formulating the most important conceptual approaches to development in modern economic conditions.

Methods of research. A number of scientific approaches, general scientific, specific scientific and special methods were used in the process of scientific research. The dialectical approach is based on the use of categories and laws of dialectics, the management process is considered in its development and the relationship between individual components. The institutional approach was focused on the study of stable forms of organization and regulation of financial relations in society with the help of certain norms and institutions. The hermeneutic approach was based on a set of approaches to the interpretation of financial categories and phenomena based on financial law, taking into account the opinions and proposals in the economic literature. The comparative approach made it possible to identify similar and different features when explaining the essence of financial resources, threats and challenges to financial security. The system approach made it possible to consider financial resources, financial security as a whole set of individual constituent parts that interact with each other and make up a single whole. The analytical method was used in the review of the literature on the problems of financial resources and financial security. The classification method made it possible to differentiate the components of financial security, financial challenges, threats and risks. The description method is used to characterize financial phenomena and processes. The generalization method made it possible to form conclusions and recommendations as a result of the research.

Findings. The current state of management of financial resources of economic entities in the public sector is considered, a conceptual approach to the interpretation of the essence of management, as well as its purpose, is defined. The main features of financial resources in the public sector are characterized and their definition is given. Conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of financial security of enterprises and financial risks are clarified. Potential threats are summarized, their classification is given. Administrative and economic methods of state regulation of enterprises, organizations and institutions are considered. The characteristics of the means of institutional regulation of the activities of enterprises, the types of influence of the institutional regulation of the financial security of business entities, and its directions are given. Methods and tools, objects and subjects, structural components of financial security of enterprises are revealed. The reasons and consequences of inadequate guarantee of financial security, as well as financial indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the state of financial security of economic entities of state and communal forms of ownership are clarified.

Originality. Conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the management of financial resources, as well as the essence of financial resources of business entities, have been formed. The concepts of object, subject and subject of financial resources management are clarified and the main features of financial resources in the public sector are proposed. Approaches to determining the essence of financial security of enterprises, financial risks, threats, challenges, methods of state regulation of enterprises, causes, consequences of inadequate guarantee of financial security, as well as financial indicators, which are expedient to use for a comprehensive assessment of the state of financial security of enterprises, have gained further development.

Practical value. The conclusions and proposals contained in the article have a theoretical basis and practical significance. Recommendations regarding the organization of financial resources management in the public sector, as well as the determination of challenges, threats, risks, causes, consequences of inadequate funding guarantee of financial security, financial indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the level of this security can be used in the practical activities of enterprises, organizations, state and communal institutions forms of ownership. Such recommendations will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of financial resources, prevent or minimize the negative impact of possible financial challenges, threats, risks, and strengthen the level of financial security of economic entities.

Key words: public sector, financial resources, financial security, economic entities, financial challenges, financial threats, financial risks, state regulation, institutional regulation, financial indicators.


Land cover classification is an important application for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR). Target polarimetric response is strongly dependent on its orientation. Backscattering responses of the same target with different orientations to the SAR flight path may be quite different. This target orientation diversity effect hinders PolSAR image understanding and interpretation. Roll-invariant polarimetric features such as entropy, anisotropy, mean alpha angle, and total scattering power are independent of the target orientation and are commonly adopted for PolSAR image classification. On the other aspect, target orientation diversity also contains rich information which may not be sensed by roll-invariant polarimetric features. In this vein, only using the roll-invariant polarimetric features may limit the final classification accuracy. To address this problem, this work uses the recently reported uniform polarimetric matrix rotation theory and a visualization and characterization tool of polarimetric coherence pattern to investigate hidden polarimetric features in the rotation domain along the radar line of sight. Then, a feature selection scheme is established and a set of hidden polarimetric features are selected in the rotation domain. Finally, a classification method is developed using the complementary information between roll-invariant and selected hidden polarimetric features with a support vector machine (SVM)/decision tree (DT) classifier. Comparison experiments are carried out with NASA/JPL AIRSAR and multi-temporal UAVSAR data. For AIRSAR data, the overall classification accuracy of the proposed classification method is 95.37% (with SVM)/96.38% (with DT), while that of the conventional classification method is 93.87% (with SVM)/94.12% (with DT), respectively. Meanwhile, for multi-temporal UAVSAR data, the mean overall classification accuracy of the proposed method is up to 97.47% (with SVM)/99.39% (with DT), which is also higher than the mean accuracy of 89.59% (with SVM)/97.55% (with DT) from the conventional method. The comparison studies clearly demonstrate the efficiency and advantage of the proposed classification methodology. In addition, the proposed classification method achieves better robustness for the multi-temporal PolSAR data. This work also further validates that added benefits can be gained for PolSAR data investigation by mining and utilization of hidden polarimetric information in the rotation domain.


The Q function in the undamped Jaynes-Cummings model for a coherent initial state in the rotating-wave approximation is investigated. By applying the method of steepest decent and saddle-point integration in the limit of high photon numbers, closed analytic expressions for the Q function at different times are given, from which analytic expressions for the Rabi frequency, revival times, envelope shapes of the inversion, beat frequencies, etc. are derived. As Eiselt and one of us have shown [J. Eiselt and H. Risken, Phys. Rev. A 43, 346 (1991)], the Q function first splits into two peaks which counterrotate in the complex plane and then collide on the opposite side of the plane. This behavior of the Q function leads to an interpretation of the collapses and revivals of the Rabi oscillations and a better understanding of expressions for the Rabi frequency, revival times, envelope shapes of the inversion, beat frequencies, etc. The results are generalized to N-photon processes; in particular, the cases N=2 and 4 are treated in some detail.


OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students' knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.


1079 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved PFS and OS in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), but benefit is limited to PD-L1 positive tumors. Metastatic tumors are notorious for deficient immune cell infiltration and immunosuppressive features that may limit responses to ICI in mTNBC. However, the underlying mechanisms for the weak immunogenicity of the metastatic tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and related poor ICI responses are still not well understood. The current study was designed to investigate the evolution of the TIME between paired primary and metastatic TNBCs. Methods: Spatial distribution of 37 key immune regulators using the NanoString digital spatial profiling (DSP) platform was analyzed. 452 regions of interests (ROIs) from 33 primary tumors (PT) and 29 metastatic tumors (MT) including 28 paired specimens, were selected based on CD45+ immune hotspots, and the protein expression levels of the key immune regulators were quantified within pan-cytokeratin (panCK) and CD45 masked regions, respectively. In parallel, we examined the clonality of tumor infiltrating B cell receptors by reconstructing the immune repertoire from bulk RNA-seq data. Results: Using the DSP platform, we confirmed reduced immune infiltration (e.g., CD3 and CD20) in both panCK and CD45 masked regions of MT, while CD8A and CD11c (padj = 2.8×10-7 and 2.1×10-6) expression was only observed in panCK masked regions of MT compared with PT. A significant shift in myeloid composition between PT and MT as evidenced by increased CD68 signal (padj = 5.8×10-4) in CD45 masked regions of MT was identified. Within MT, PD-L1 signal was substantially higher (padj = 0.030) in CD45 masked regions only, while PD1 counts were lower (padj = 0.035) in panCK masked regions. This suggests the limited responses to ICI for MT may stem from relatively low expression of activated and targetable T cell subsets in MT islands. In support of the lower CD20 counts in MT, immune repertoire analysis revealed B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire diversity (represented by Gini index) was substantially lower in MT than PT (p = 0.041) suggesting that the ability of B cells to recognize a wide variety of tumor antigens in MT is greatly reduced in contrast to PT. Conclusions: Through comprehensive analysis of the TIME spatial organization within paired PT and MT, a significant reduction in dendritic cell/macrophage ratios (CD11c/CD68), reduced tumor localized T cell activation (CD8, PD1, PD-L1), and reduced B cell diversity (BCR clonality) are key features of the reduced immunogenicity of the metastatic TIME in TNBC. Further work to understand key mechanistic features driving the evolution of these differences in TIME between primary and metastatic tumors are ongoing.


When I began work on this book, I asked myself first of all about its future readers, especially those citizens of the former USSR who had lived for decades under the Soviet state, the "dictatorship of the proletariat," real socialism, the undivided rule of socialist ideology or Marxism. Of course, I could not fail to think of my fellow citizens who had taught "Marxism-Leninism" and the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union [CPSU] and even engaged in research in this field to the extent, understandably, to which this was permitted by dogmatic stereotypes and ideological prescriptions. Immediately after the collapse of the socialist system in the USSR and other European countries, lecturers and scholars, including myself, since a number of my works were devoted to the history of Marxist philosophy, inevitably faced questions such as the following: Was this really socialism? Is the socialist reconstruction of society possible at all? Is socialism the only possible alternative to the capitalist system? Is it necessary and possible to remain a Marxist today, despite the substantial arguments and historical facts that refute it? Is it possible to overcome the delusions of the founders of Marxism and their successors without denying the foundations of Marxism, in particular the materialist understanding of history? How is one to explain the enormous influence of Marxism on the course of social de-


The usefulness of TV techniques fur transmission of chest radiographs has been investigated. Diagnostic accuracy has been evaluated by means of a test series of radiographs containing normal and abnormal films. This series was presented to a number of observers in various display modes and their responses scored. Transmission via microwave links over a 3-mile distance was evaluated by comparing observer performances with those obtained via closed circuit television and direct viewbox viewing. Our findings show that with suitable electronic processing closed circuit television yields error rates comparable with direct viewing but that the microwave link used yields a degraded performance even with processing. This indicates that remote viewing without loss of diagnostic accuracy is feasible using closed circuit television but further electronic processing methods need yet to be developed to bring microwave transmission up to par. A technique for the remote selection of multiple views has also been developed to enable film reading with the use of a single monitor. Television techniques may thus yield methods for the remote display of radiographs both for diagnostic and consultative purposes.


Aiming at monthly load of power system, it is forecasted by using the method of partial least squares regression and the model of improving grey prediction.First, using improved grey prediction model to forecast impact factors,then establishing partial least squares model according to the characteristics of the monthly load and the change of the main impact factors. The final fitted out a linear relation between load and impact factors. Practical example shows that the method has higher prediction accuracy, effectiveandfeasible.


The urinary excretion of histamine was followed in female rats after adrenalectomy or sham operation. The urinary histamine in adrenalectomized rats kept on saline showed a progressive increase from the 4th postoperative day. In rats kept on water the urinary histamine was unchanged until the 8th day when an increase took place. At 7 to 16 days after adrenalectomy, the high urinary histamine level in rats kept on saline could be lowered by changing over to water as drinking fluid. The substitution of saline instead of water had the opposite effect on the urinary histamine excretion. Cortexone did not prevent the increase in urinary excretion of histamine in adrenalectomized rats kept on saline. Cortisone and cortisol caused an immediate increase in urinary histamine levels in adrenalectomized rats on saline with a subsequent slow reduction. Sham operation induced a small temporary increase in the urinary histamine. Several observations indicate that hormones of the adrenal cortex influence the actions and the metabolism of histamine. Thus Dale (1920) found that a cat deprived of its adrenal glands is much more sensitive to histamine than before the operation. Similar results were obtained in the rat (e. g. Wyman 1928; Marmorston-Gottesman Se Gottesman 1928). These observations are in ac¬ cordance with later findings in rats (Rose Se Karady 1939), cats (Haeger Se Kahlson 1952) and guinea-pigs (Kahlson et al. 1953) of a diminished histaminase * Address: Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgren's Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 11/23/2018 02:27:42PM via free access activity in the tissues. This decrease is probably caused by the outflow of the enzyme into the lymph (Carlslcn 1950). The decrease in histaminase activity after adrenalectomy led Rose Se Browne (1941) to study the effect of adrenalectomy on the tissue histamine content in rats. They found an increase in certain tissues. This has been confirmed by Marshall (1943), Geiringer Se Hardwick (1953), Hicks Se West (1958) and Bartlet Se Lockett (1959), although the results have varied as to the magnitude of the increase and the tissues affected. As entirely new aspect of the relation between histamine and the adrenal cortex has been provided by Schayer and his co-workers (Schayer et al. 1955; Schayer 1956). Using 14C-labelled histidine they found that the rate of forma¬ tion of 14C-histamine in vitro by some rat tissues, notably skin and lung, was diminished after treatment with cortisone and increased after adrenalectomy. The stomach reacted in a reverse manner, showing an increase in histamine formation after cortisone and a decrease after adrenalectomy. These observa¬ tions suggest that the rate of histamine synthesis is controlled by the adrenal cortex. This affords another explanation for the changes in tissue histamine content after removal of the adrenal glands. The present paper describes experiments in which the urinary excretion of histamine was followed in rats before and after adrenalectomy. It was felt that analysis of the urinary histamine might give complementary information about histamine metabolism as a whole in the adrenalectomized animal. Some of the findings have been published in a preliminary report (Bjurö Se Westling 1959).


The divergence of a group is a quasi-isometry invariant defined in terms of pairs of points and lengths of paths avoiding a suitable ball around the identity. In this paper we study"random divergence'', meaning the divergence at two points chosen according to independent random walks or Markov chains; the Markov chains version can be turned into a quasi-isometry invariant. We show that in many cases, such as for relatively hyperbolic groups, mapping class groups, and right-angled Artin groups, the divergence at two randomly chosen points is with high probability equivalent to the divergence of the group. That is, generic points realise the largest possible divergence.


Micro- and nanoelectronics are extremely rapidly evolving fields, which involve interdisciplinary knowledge in such diverse fields as physics, chemistry, electronic engineering and computation. Hence, especially in under-graduate electrical engineering courses with a broad curriculum, future engineers are only poorly prepared to enter one of the world's largest professional markets. Therefore, it is desirable to involve undergraduates in activities offered by more specialized graduate programs in electronic engineering. Here the experience with a model developed at Purdue university is reported. Instead of written exams, graduate students develop educative computational applications about emerging fields in micro- and nanoelectronics to obtain their module grade. The developed applications could be used in under-graduate classes and could be even graded by freshmen. Both would serve to involve under-graduates in early stages of their academic career and would amplify the educator's reach. Examples of tools developed during an one semester microelectronics class are given.


Rationale: Nuss procedure is a safe and popular minimally invasive surgical technique for the correction of pectus excavatum in adolescents. Acquired scoliosis over 50 degrees after Nuss procedure has never been reported. Patient concerns: A 14-year-old boy was referred to pediatric surgery for pectus excavatum deformity. He underwent a successful Nuss procedure. At follow up, the patient was noted having an asymmetric back whole spine X-ray showed a right-sided thoracic curve with a Cobb angle of 54 degrees. Interventions and outcomes: We obtained a satisfactory result by removing the pectus bar and prescribing the patient a brace. Lessons: This report demonstrates that the spine should be evaluated routinely before and after Nuss procedure. Besides, spinal fusion is not recommended for acquired scoliosis following pectus excavatum surgery.


A newly discovered large-pore titanosilicate molecular sieve, ETS-10, has found increasingly important commercial use such as a desiccant in chlorofluorocarbon-free air conditioners. Its useful properties are due to unique three-dimensional channel structure and charge distribution in the material. Although the framework structure of Na-ETS-10 was established recently, the effect of cations on the local pore structure remains to be described. This issue is systematically investigated as a function of proton exchange in the present work using 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. Different from the behaviors of conventional zeolites such as Y and ZSM-5, the "porosity" of ETS-10 is significantly affected by proton exchange:  the effective "pore" diameter and Xe uptake are both reduced due to the formation of defects in 12-member ring channels. Xe adsorption isotherms reveal that energetically different adsorption sites coexist in the 12-member ring channels of Na-ETS-10. Proton exchange reduces the difference by proton d...


The outcomes of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection are diverse, ranging from asymptomatic carrier, self‐limiting acute infection, and fulminant hepatitis to persistent infection. This is closely associated with the immunological status of the host. This study aimed to understand the innate cellular immunity as the first‐line defense mechanism in response to HEV infection. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, a hallmark of the activation of antiviral interferon (IFN) response, was observed in the liver tissues of the majority of HEV‐infected patients but not in the liver of uninfected individuals. In cultured cell lines and primary liver organoids, we found that HEV RNA genome potently induced IFN production and antiviral response. This mechanism is conserved among different HEV strains, including genotypes 1, 3, and 7 as tested. Interestingly, single‐stranded HEV RNA is sufficient to trigger the antiviral response, without the requirement of viral RNA synthesis and the generation of an RNA replicative form or replicative intermediate. Surprisingly, the m7G cap and poly A tail are not required, although both are key features of the HEV genome. Mechanistically, this antiviral response occurs in a retinoic acid–inducible gene‐I–independent, melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5–independent, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein–independent, and β‐catenin‐independent but IRF3‐dependent and IRF7‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the integrity of the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway is essentially required. Conclusion: HEV infection elicits an active IFN‐related antiviral response in vitro and in patients, triggered by the viral RNA and mediated by IFN regulatory factors 3 and 7 and the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription cascade; these findings have revealed new insights into HEV–host interactions and provided the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and outcome of HEV infection. (Hepatology 2018;67:2096‐2112).


There are numerous strategies and programs to support small business development and improve their
prospects for long-term success. Native American entrepreneurs face even greater challenges than the
average business owner, including few previous mentors to draw upon, lack of access to capital, lower
education levels, and focus on commercial efforts in Indian Country by tribes themselves.
To achieve wealth creation, economic development strategies on reservations must include tribal
member owned small business. Business Incubators, as physical spaces, have generated some positive
results for small businesses' success and industry best practices now exist. A physical location can be a
valuable contributor to incubation, provided the right foundational elements, sufficient funding, and
potential tenants are available


Quantum memories can substantially increase the efficiency of long-distance communications by synchronizing entanglement swapping operations in quantum repeater nodes. To build a quantum memory, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic vapors can be exploited to coherently store light pulses even at room temperatures. As a quantum source of light, semiconductor quantum dots (QD) offer bright on-demand single photons with high purity.4 Interfacing QDs with atomic vapors has been shown by "slow light" but a quantum memory for QDs is yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we develop an EIT quantum memory hosted in warm cesium vapor. Storage of faint coherent light pulses on the single photon level shows high storage efficiency. A measured bandwidth in the order of 200 MHz makes the memory compatible with the Fourier-limited emission of QDs embedded in micropillar cavities. We show the first attempts to interface the emission from a QD-micropillar with our quantum memory by finetuning the emission wavelength of the emitters to one of the hyperfine transitions in Cs, where the EIT memory takes place. This work sets the base for a hybrid quantum memory based on atomic ensembles for an on-demand semiconductor single-photon source.


Shallow landslides are a major cause of sediment-related hazards as well as debris flows in Japan. Given that many shallow landslides occur with heavy rainfall every year causing damage and the loss of human lives, it is desirable to predict the occurrence of shallow landslides and their areas of influence. A two-dimensional model of rainfall infiltration was applied to a slope where a shallow landslide had actually occurred. The model well simulated the occurrence time. In addition, an extended distinct element method was applied to the landslide and well calculated the distance travelled.


This study aims to identify the types of learning logs that can measure learning skills. By using the learning analytics approach, the learning process can be analyzed… Identifying learning skills from the behavioral level can be linked to students' learning behaviors and how they support their own learning…However, the skills identified from those logs were not particularly clear. Therefore, we reviewed previous studies from the databases of educational papers "ERIC" and "Google Scholar", linked the behaviors with the skills and identified the logs that can objectively reflect the behaviors. In this study, the learning skills that could be analyzed through learning logs were presented.


Contrary to the traditional PID tuning methods by experiences,a novel algorithm to tune PID parameters is proposed.By PD-type iterative learning control(ILC),tracking the desired trajectory is achieved and the input-output data series of ILC are simultaneously acquired so that optimized PID parameters corresponding to the desired trajectory are identified by the proposed strong tracking filter(STF).The condition for convergence of ILC and how to identify the parameters with STF are also presented.The simulation and experimental results both show that the controlled system with the proposed PID controller can achieve perfect dynamic performance and strong robustness.


Cardiac markers are more likely to be elevated in dialysis patients than in patients with renal failure not on dialysis. In this study, 31 patients (20 males, 11 females) undergoing chronic haemodialysis were enrolled. The effect of haemodialysis on cardiac troponin T (cTnT), I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CKMB) mass, CKMB activity and myoglobin assays was assessed by comparing pre‐ and post‐haemodialysis determinations. After correcting for haemoconcentration, significant differences were observed (mean ± SEM, pre‐ vs post‐dialysis) for myoglobin (178.9 ± 19.3 vs 225.0 ± 28.4 ng/ml; p=0.006) for cTnT (0.111 ± 0.028 vs 0.148 ± 0.037 ng/ml; p=0.004), for CKMB mass (2.75 ± 0.37 vs 2.59 ± 0.37 ng/ml; p=0.000) and CKMB activity (14.8 ± 0.9 vs 13.1 ± 0.9 U/l; p=0.000) assays. Our study questions the reliability of cardiac markers in dialysis patients and suggests that the clinical threshold value and diagnostic efficiency of each assay needs to be validated. Although these differences exceeded clinical threshold values in only a few patients, serum markers of myocardial damage in dialysis patients should be interpreted with caution.


In 1851, Bilharz (1852) first discovered paired adult trematode worms originally named after him in the portal system of an Egyptian fellah. Subsequently, investigations of the deposits of ova in excreta were made, but numerous attempts by Cobbold, Sonsino, Lortet and Vialleton (1894) and others, to unravel the life history of the parasite, failed. Looss (1896), appreciating that the digenetic trematodes must necessarily pass through a molluscan intermediary, dissected many species of snails collected from the fresh-water canals around Cairo. He failed to find the cercariae of bilharzia, and discarded the hypothesis of an intermediate molluscan host. As, however, the miracidium of Schistosomum haematobium contained germinal cells within its body cavity, it must, naturally, he argued, have been destined to produce sporocysts at some stage of its life cycle. In view of this, Looss evolved the hypothesis that man acted simultaneously as the intermediary, as well as the definitive host of this parasite.


The photovoltaic effect of a background beam do not affect the spatial-charge field in a photovoltaic crystal with a constant external applied field, but has an effect on the current density in the crystal.If the crystal is connected with an external circuit which includes a resistor and a constant voltage source, the photovoltaic effect of the background beam will affect the full width at half maximum of the solitons, even switch the bright solitons, to the dark solitons, or vice versa.


4 The study determined the performance of small-scale commercial 5 firewood processing operations under the typical work conditions of 6 southern Europe. In particular, five units were tested, fed with the same 7 2.1-m long beech logs. All machines were tested with sorted and unsorted 8 logs. Productivity varied between 1.1 and 2.1 t h -1 , and cost between 20 9 and 39 € t -1 . There were significant differences between machines, which 10 may partly be attributed to operator effect. Feeding the machines with 11 sorted logs has a strong and significant effect on the productivity of all 12 machines on test, increasing production by 40% and reducing cost by 13 34%. Fuel use varied between 1.3 and 2.8 l t -1 . The energy balance was 14 always very favourable. The ration between output and input was never 15 smaller than 59 and peaked at 130. In other words, processing required 16 about 1% of the energy contained in the firewood - or 1.7% in the worst 17 case. The productivity figures reported in this experiment were much lower 18 than reported for northern Europe, which seems to confirm the significant 19 effect of regional work conditions – especially different wood species - on 20 firewood processing performance. 21


During much of the 20th century, human diversity and prehistory in the Pacific Islands were often framed in simple terms. Many agreed that there were two kinds of native peoples on the Pacific Islands, sometimes labeled as Polynesians (including Micronesians) and Melanesians and now more often as Austronesians and Papuans. Furthermore, it was said that these two peoples had arrived in the Pacific during two separate periods of settlement. Some questioned the simplicity of this story, but it continued to dominate how many thought about the islanders and their past. The simplicity of this chronicle masks its deficiencies as a framework for understanding human diversity and prehistory in the Pacific. It is not just simple, it is too simple. It is also based on unrealistic assumptions about the character and differentiation of human populations.


We give a graphical calculus for a categorification of a Clifford algebra and its Fock space representation via differential graded categories. The categorical action is motivated by the gluing action between the contact categories of infinite strips.


This article explores the political and social orientations of over one-quarter of the city managers and city administrators in the United States. It was found that city managers perceive themselves as more conservative than liberal even though their political affiliations are quite evenly split between Republicans, Democrats and independents. A majority of the managers gave conservative responses an three out of four propositions concerning economic welfare and on issues related to labor union involvement in the public and private sector. Responses on the manager survey also reflected a reasonably high degree of political tolerance, but a relatively conservative attitude toward federal involvement in areas which have been considered to be within the local prerogative (schools, health care, etc . ). Finally, the results of this survey of city managers indicates a much stronger tie to the business community than previous sweys have indicated, both in terms of alternative vocations and in terms of conservat...


Personalization – most often understood in terms of granting patients greater opportunity to participate in, and make choices about, the services they receive – has become a key principle guiding reform of the English NHS.


1,190,418. Screw extruders. EGAN MACHINERY CO. 8 Aug., 1967 [29 Sept., 1966], No. 36402/67. Heading B5A. [Also in Division F2] In a fluid thrust bearing of an extruder, fluid is supplied to a gap between an end of a thrust screw 42 and end member 56 by rotation of screw 42 in the bore 41 of barrel 40. The fluid returns to the other end of the bore 41 through passage 60. A roller bearing 58 takes the thrust at low speeds of the screw 42. In Fig. 2 an extruder has a pair of extruder screws in a barrel 17 each feeding plastics material to a die 20. Each extruder screw is connected with a respective thrust screw in barrel 40, the connected screws being coaxial but having threads of the opposite hand. The axial thrust on the extruder screws during operation is balanced by that on the thrust screws produced at the bearing. The temperature of the bearing fluid is controlled by a heating or cooling fluid flowing through a jacket around barrel 40. The bearing fluid temperature may be controlled by the speed of the extruder screws.


This article examines the factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy in ARVT among HIV-infected children. HIV infection is a chronic infectious disease with a progressive course, characterized by a specific lesion of the immune system with the development of immunodeficiency, which is manifested by secondary diseases. In this connection, people living with HIV (PLHIV) need medical care for the rest of their lives. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the only possible way to extend the life of people living with HIV (PLHIV), improve its quality and reduce the transmission of the virus to others. ART should be aimed at suppressing HIV replication with minimal risk of early and late side effects and drug resistance, as well as minimal disruption to normal life. Suppression of HIV replication helps to restore the function of the immune system, ensure the normal physical and mental development of PLHIV, minimize the risk of opportunistic infections and cancer, and reduce AIDS and mortality rates.


Otosclerosis is an abnormality of the otic capsule bone that typically presents with a conductive hearing loss due to a fixation of the stapes.' Small otosclerotic lesions are usually located anterior to the oval window at the fistula ante fenestra, but may occur anywhere in the otic capsule. Cochlearotosclerosis may present with mixed hearing loss or, less commonly, a purely sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Thepathologic findings in otosclerosis vary tremendously between temporal bones, butnearly all specimens contain areas ofdense, nonlamellar "sclenun axial precontrast T1-weighted images (TRffE = 580/15) through the posterior fossa, and axial 3-mm interlaced Tl-weighted images (TRffE = 580/15) through the posterior fossa aftergadoliniuminfusion. The T1-weighted images revealed a shell of moderately intense' signal in the perilabyrinthine bone anterior and medial to the cochlear capsules bilaterally (Fig 2A) with minimal gadoliniumenhancement (Fig 2B). The diagnosis ofcochlear otosclerosis was confirmed with a subsequent CT scan with 1.5-mm sections through the temporal bones (Fig 3).


Aims  Despite an increasing number of reports of ketoacidosis in populations with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the pathophysiology of the ketoacidosis in these patients is unclear. We therefore tested the roles of three possible mechanisms: elevated stress hormones, increased free fatty acids (FFA), and suppressed insulin secretion.


RAROC and other risk-adjusted profitability measures are used to measure the risk-adjusted return on banks' investments. The use of these measures in bank management is currently the focus of intensive discussion both in practice - where these measures were developed - and in academia. In this paper we analyze the incentives provided by linear, asymmetric payment functions which are based on risk-adjusted profitability measures. Besides those measures that are already being used in bank management, i.e., RORAC and RAROC, which are based on the value at risk, we also consider measures that are based on the standard deviation and the lower partial moment one. We show that even if appropriate measures of risk are used in the computation of risk-adjusted profitability, agents might be steered toward wrong investment decisions.


Abstract We would expect that the process of globalization between 1870 and 1914 and subsequent disintegration of the world economy during the interwar period would have led first to income convergence and then to income divergence between the participating countries. But in fact we find stronger evidence for income convergence during the interwar period than during the first globalization. Similarly, the average level of import protection in the world cannot be shown to have either helped or hampered convergence. The evidence for trade-induced convergence is therefore weak.


The invention relates to a production line (100) for the production of sheet metal parts (300), in particular vehicle body parts, with - a plurality of press bonded tools, in which the rhythm of the production line (100) consecutive forming and / or cutting operations for the continuous production of the sheet metal parts (300) are executed; - a transfer system (110) for the parts transfer between the tools; and - at least one measuring device (200), the geometry of the shaped sheet metal parts produced at the rhythm of the production line (100) (300) is checked; It is contemplated that the measurement device (200) is arranged within the production line (100) at a free press tool location or at an intermediate station, so that each sheet metal part (300) produced in the cycle of the production line (100) to the to the production line (100) belonging to transfer system (110) can be inserted into the measuring device (200) and removed again after the cyclical checking. The invention further relates to such a measuring device (200) for use in such a production line (100).


April 12, 2011 marked the 50th anniversary of the first human being— Yuri Gagarin—sent into outer space. This event, as well as the Soviet's launch of the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik in 1957, had a tremendous impact on the whole world and especially on the United States. Everyone knows the history, but not everyone knows that these events meant the beginning of creativity research and creativity management in the United States and had a tremendous impact on the most epochal projects of the 20th century. This article examines a great project undertaken afterward the Gagarin's historical flight into space—the Apollo project—and its impact on creativity and innovation management in such an innovative and successful company as Sony. The practical implications for project managers and lessons learned are also discussed.


AbstractThis study is anchored on the premise that school-based management (SBM) training improves the capability of the school heads in their school governance along the following domains: Instructional Supervision, Leadership and Administration, Fiscal Management, Human Resource Development, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Planning and Development. The improved capabilities and competencies of school heads are manifested in the interventions employed in addressing the developmental needs and challenges encountered in their respective schools. It presupposes that with the acquired knowledge and skills, school heads have developed good practices in governing their respective schools of assignment .Results of the study show that school principals significantly differ in the extent of application of their knowledge and skills in school based management approaches. Student outcomes can be most powerfully impacted through improvements in curriculum and instruction, and school-based management efforts were found to have failed in addressing these areas in the school systems of public secondary schools. The school based management approaches are significant factors in affecting the development of performance standards of students and staff in the public secondary school system. Such results imply that the secondary schools should establish a substantial realization of their vision, mission and goals embarking on institutionalizing quality improvement measures in all areas of program provisions as their mandate in their respective school systems.


1,2Department of Electrical Engineering, E-Max School of Engineering and Applied Research, Kalpi-Naraingarh Road, VilageGola, Maulana, Ambala-Haryana, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Fuzzy Logic Controller are evaluated as one of the best controller to the servo motors due to its less complexity in the mechanism and did not include any of the mathematical models. The purpose of this study is to regulate the change in induction motor speed by enhancing the traditional technique by using the BAT optimization algorithm for the selection of parameter of Ki and Kp for PI controller. The reason behind choosing the .bat paradigm has several merits, and the most important benefit is that is offers very rapid convergence at a very starting stage through switching from exploration to exploitation. For applications as a rapid resolution is required then this prepares it an effective paradigm.


Pedernales belongs to Manabi province is located in the north of the cost region. It was considered canton on June 4 of the 1878, it has an extension of 1.460,7 square kilometers, occupying the 10 percent of the province. Talking about tourism, is one of the biggest producer of shrimp pools, also by the extension of the beach provides several seafood like shrimp, different kind of fish and Shell. Besides the craftsmanship is very present at Pedernales. The last earthquake occurred in April 16 of the 2016, at cost left some cantons and provinces with huge damages to the point od demolishing large buildings and much more people´s house, some people allied themselves to the cause by providing financial aid as support for those who were affected. From this it was thought a way of collaborating is through being able to reflect a cantonal renewal so the way of contribution is with a redesign on cantonal branding. So it will reflect a canton with a high level of tourism that will grow up in the future. Base don the book 5 pilares del branding written by Joan Costa and with the reference of the surveys and interviews which were taken of Quito and Pedernales; it was succeeded in obtaining a strong brand that reflects what Pedernales is made of.


Internet of Thing's or better known as IoT, is a concept that aims to expand the benefits of continuously connected internet connectivity. Internet of Things has several concepts and one of them is Smart Cities. The design of mobile applications that will author discussed focused on the design of the Smart Mobility is one part of the Smart Cities, which will design based mobile application maps will take advantage of GPS that has been provided by Smart Phone, where as to display the GUI (Grafical User Interface) on maps of the using help from the Google Maps API. The design of this mobile application using Java programming language, Android Studio version 2.3.3 and to connect with data base using google firebase. The design of this application is expected to help and realize sukabumi smart cities, with functions provided.


Properties of the plasma and beam flow produced by tufted carbon fiber cathodes in a diode powered by a ∼500 kV, ∼400 ns pulse are investigated. Under electric fields of 230–260 kV cm−1, the electron current density was in the range 210–280 A cm−2, and particularly at the diode gap of 20 mm, a maximum beam power density of about 120 MW cm−2 was obtained. It was found that space-charge-limited current exhibited an evolution behavior as the accelerating pulse proceeded. There exists a direct relation between the movement of plasma within the diode and the evolution of space-charge-limited current. Initially in the accelerating pulse, the application of strong electric fields caused the emission sites to explode, forming cathode flares or plasma spots, and in this stage the space-charge-limited current was approximately described by a multiple-needle cathode model. As the pulse proceeded, these plasma spots merged and expanded towards the anode, thus increasing the emission area and shortening the diode gap, and the corresponding space-charge-limited current followed a planar cathode model. Finally, the space-charge-limited current is developed from a unipolar flow into a bipolar flow as a result of the appearance of anode plasma. In spite of the nonuniform distribution of cathode plasma, the cross-sectional uniformity of the extracted electron beam is satisfactory. The plasma expansion within the diode is found to be a major factor in the diode perveance growth and instability. These results show that these types of cathodes can offer promising applications for high-power microwave tubes.