The two-day international webinar, "Dialogues on Psychotherapy in the Time of Coronavirus", organized by the indefatigable Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb with the Istituto di Gestalt HCC Italy of which she is founder and director, was an awesome experience, with a community of almost nine hundred participants convening globally on 15 and 16 May 2020. The webinar was both impressive and daunting: almost nine hundred people were able to feel well connected over continents, physical and virtual spaces, time zones, and multiple languages, and interacted with (through "chat" options), a cadre of stellar psychologists and Gestalt psychotherapists. These specialists talked about their experiences of the coronavirus pandemic and suggested aspects of Gestalt therapy that might help discover ways for this unprecedented event of global trauma to be an opportunity for growth. Ruella Frank's remarks are on the mark: "Participating in the conference was a wonderful experience and much needed. I felt myself as part of this outstanding worldwide Gestalt community, sharing our suffering and with compassion. I felt myself reaching for others and could easily imagine them reaching back".


Between 0.2 and 1.0 per cent of hydrocortisone, applied to normal skin appears in the urine over a period of ten days. Stripping the skin doubles this amount and significantly alters the absorption rate curve. An occlusive dressing increases absorption ten-fold but does not basically alter the absorption rate curve. Evidence is presented suggesting that both the stratum corneum and the Malpighian/basal layers serve as skin barriers.


Research investigating intentional forgetting has found that disregarding information may be more difficult when the to-be-forgotten material is strongly related to information that must be retained. The present study investigated whether mock jurors' capacity to disregard inadmissible testimony would be impaired when the same witness presented admissible evidence. Mock jurors were presented with a murder trial summary in which an incriminating letter was presented, after which an incriminating wiretap was presented and ruled admissible, presented but ruled inadmissible due to unreliability, or not presented at all. The critical items were presented by the same witness or different witnesses. Results indicated that participants successfully disregarded the inadmissible wiretap regardless of whether the same witness presented the letter. The findings are discussed in terms of jurors' organisation of information and the salience of source cues.


The article presents the results on the comparative efficiency of technological complexes of machines in traditional and minimum tillage soil-saving technologies, according to which the replacement of single-function machines with universal and combined staffed with a certain set of implements reduces the load of machine-tractor units on the soil and thereby reduces the negative impact of machines on the soil structure. In the development of universal and combined tools for minimum soil-saving technologies, implements were selected, and their layout schemes ensure the formation of the minimum number of erosion-hazardous particles and high-quality tillage. The design and technological scheme of the universal tool provides for the possibility of its layout with various types of loosening, leveling implements and packer rollers depending on the type of operations and soil moisture.


SUMMARY Parischnogaster alternata Sakagami (Hymenoptera Stenogastrinae) from Malaysia nests in wet dark places such as caves, tunnels and large sewers where it often forms large clusters of nests. Most of the females collected on 50 nests and dissected, were fertilized and almost half of them were potential egg layers. Aggressive interactions between female nest mates were rare and a dominance-subordinance hierarchy of the «Polistes» type was not observed. Division of labour between nest mates was light correlated to their ovarian development. Even foragers often had well developed ovaries.


A process hierarchy has the advantage of giving the business a holistic view at all times, promoting a common terminology for inter-organization communication, maintaining customer-centric focus, and enabling benchmarking with industry best-practices. Today, the same kind of eciency is needed in public sector where government oers services like trac, water, energy and public safety to citizens. Here, a government not only needs to communicate with its own agencies but also external stake holders like citizens, businesses and international organizations. However, despite its success in business sphere, business process hierarchies are not available in public areas like trac. In this paper, we rst articulate design principles


In this paper, we focus on the data-driven discovery of a general second-order particle-based model that contains many state-of-the-art models for modeling the aggregation and collective behavior of interacting agents of similar size and body type. This model takes the form of a high-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations parameterized by two interaction kernels that appraise the alignment of positions and velocities. We propose a Gaussian Process-based approach to this problem, where the unknown model parameters are marginalized by using two independent Gaussian Process (GP) priors on latent interaction kernels constrained to dynamics and observational data. This results in a nonparametric model for interacting dynamical systems that accounts for uncertainty quantification. We also develop acceleration techniques to improve scalability. Moreover, we perform a theoretical analysis to interpret the methodology and investigate the conditions under which the kernels can be recovered. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on various prototype systems, including the selection of the order of the systems and the types of interactions. In particular, we present applications to modeling two real-world fish motion datasets that display flocking and milling patterns up to 248 dimensions. Despite the use of small data sets, the GP-based approach learns an effective representation of the nonlinear dynamics in these spaces and outperforms competitor methods.


The present paper presents the results of a needs analysis conducted among Czech students involved in a Master's degree programme English Language Teacher Education. The aim was to identify their academic writing needs on the basis of a needs analysis questionnaire and a linguistic analysis of their written discourse in order to find out whether there are divergences between their 'wants' and 'lacks' (Hutchinson & Waters 1987). The results indicate that the students' previous tuition at Bachelor's level focused primarily on lexico-grammatical features of academic style such as text organizing devices, academic vocabulary, grammatical structures and citation styles. However, other areas essential to writing a successful Master's thesis, such as evaluation and interpretation of results, conveying personal viewpoints and communicating with the reader or acknowledging research limitations, were ascribed a somewhat lower importance by the students, suggesting the existence of a divergence between the students' 'wants' and 'lacks'. The findings concerning the students' perception of the writing process also concur with the finding of the authors' previous research (Dontcheva et al. 2020) into the Theme zone in Czech students' Master's theses, which has indicated that Czech Master's students tend to overuse textual Themes expressed by linkers and underuse interpersonal Themes realised by stance devices.


Introduction - Jens B Asendorpf and Jaan Valsiner Three Dimensions of Developmental Perspectives Modeling Qualitative Change in Individual Development - Eberhard Schroeder Differential Change in Systems of Categorical Variables - Alexander von Eye, Kurt Kreppner and Holger Wessels Commentary - Jeanette A Lawrence and Agnes E Dodds Modeling Qualitative Data Evidential Statistics and the Analysis of Developmental Patterns - Warren Thorngate Commentary - Alexander von Eye Chance Models and the Types of Hypotheses in Evidential Statistics Modeling Quantitative Developmental Change - Francoise D Alsaker Commentary - Jens B Asendorpf Prerequisites and Advantages of the Growth Curve Approach to Developmental Change Continuity and Stability of Personality Traits and Personality Patterns - Jens B Asendorpf Commentary - Lars R Bergman Studying Change in Variables and Profiles Some Methodological Considerations Commentary - Alexander von Eye Going Beyond Correlations Parameter Specificity of Stability and Change Modeling Environmental Development - Thomas A Kindermann and Ellen A Skinner Individual and Contextual Trajectories Commentary - Marcel A G van Aken Modeling Environmental Development Some Comments from a Developmental Task Perspective Commentary - Maris Clotilde Rossetti-Ferreira and Zilma Moraes Ramos de Oliveira Modeling Environmental Development The Necessity of Discussing Some Other Basic Assumptions Description and Explanation in Developmental Research - Cynthia Lightfoot and Trisha Folds-Bennett Separate Agendas Commentary - Wolfgang Schneider The `What' and `How' of Development Really Two Separate Research Agendas? Commentary - Jeanette A Lawrence What if the How is a Why? Integration - Jens B Asendorpf and Jaan Valsiner Six Biases in Contemporary Developmental Psychology


Purpose – The paper aims to show that economic theory has become "desocialised" and separated from social theory through the adoption of individualistic methods and neglect of social relations and structures. It also seeks to assess the upshot of these trends, as well as the prospects for reversing them. Design/methodology/approach – A historical overview traces how the social content of economic theory has diminished, considering the reasons why. This leads on to a wider evaluation of what desocialisation entails and whether economics could be done differently. Findings – Desocialisation stems from the desire for boundaries between academic disciplines, which drove economics towards individualism and other social sciences towards structural methods. Such an artificial divide between economic theory and social theory is argued to be detrimental to all the disciplines concerned. Practical implications – Restrictions imposed by desocialised theory have practical consequences for how we understand and model the economy. Some reforms that would loosen the restrictions so as to promote a resocialised economics are suggested. Originality/value – The idea of desocialisation is defined and interpreted, drawing attention to the changing nature of economics, its isolation from other social sciences, and the possibilities for alternative modes of economic theorising.


In the present paper some formulas for spin invariants of a connected sum of an arbitrary four-dimensional manifold with and in terms of spin invariants of are obtained, and the results are used to get a proof of the Van de Ven conjecture.


The aim of the study is to identify the intellectual pollution and emptiness of university students with Single Minded Personality, and to know the differences in the variables of the study according to the variables: Gender (male, female), scientific / human,. The sample of the study consisted of 400 male and female students from Al-Muthanna University for the academic year 2018-2019. The results of the study have revealed the existence of pollution and intellectual emptiness, and Single-Minded Personality in various degrees in the university students. The study also has found that there is a correlation between the two variables: gender (male, female), and the study specialisation (scientific, human). The study found that there is intellectual pollution and individual intellectual emptiness, and there is a contribution to the pollution and intellectual emptiness in the Single-Minded Personality of university students; based on these results, the researcher put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions.


The present invention relates to a radio base station a network system that has a base station and a regional center, which oversees them arranged in a plurality of cells are connected by a wavelength division multiplexing transmission in the optical fiber, and the base station is a tunable transmitter for transmitting an optical signal of a predetermined wavelength , the wavelength and an optical coupler for multiplexing to wavelength division multiplexing transmission optical signal from the variable transmitter, the regional center is the wavelength of a plurality of optical receivers and a plurality of the base station that receives the wavelength of the optical signal the wavelength multiplexing transmission provided and, when changing the base station and a communication wireless communication base station that the mobile station moves to communications, the destination base station of a wireless communication terminal wherein the optical coupler for branching the optical signal which has been multiple-transferred from each of the optical receiver in each of the wavelength controlling the wavelength of the tunable transmitter and the same optical wavelength and the optical signal transmitted by the base station a destination The number wavelengths to a radio network base station system for transmission to the regional center.


A Special Issue of the Journal of Moral Education on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of Lawrence Kohlberg's (1958) doctoral dissertation is most appropriate and fitting. Commemorating the dissertation is not solely an acknowledgment of a historical piece or of a historical figure in the study of moral development. Lawrence Kohlberg's research findings, insights and theoretical formulations about moral thinking and development still permeate, implicitly and explicitly, much of the current research in psychology. Of course, it is not the dissertation itself that has had so much influence. Doctoral dissertations are read usually by very few people (though it is conceivable that Kohlberg's dissertation was read by more people than usual). Kohlberg's influence was due to a number of seminal, empirically based articles and essays that were widely read and cited and which, together, had a great influence on his fields of study. Kohlberg produced a set of publications in the 15 years or so following the dissertation that made him very visible and respected in psychology and especially within the sub-discipline of developmental psychology. These publications included journal articles (e.g. Kohlberg, 1963a; Kohlberg & Kramer, 1969); essays that also presented his research findings in conjunction with analyses of existing data calling into question the validity of the then dominant approaches to moral acquisition (e.g. Kohlberg, 1963b, 1964); essays in which he linked his work on morality to general theory about social development and children's interactions with the social environment (e.g. Kohlberg, 1969), as well as moral education based on developmental principles (e.g. Kohlberg, 1966; Kohlberg & Turiel, 1971; Kohlberg & Mayer, 1972); and essays in which he tackled the problem of connecting social scientific research on morality with substantive philosophic-epistemological formulations about the moral realm (e.g. Kohlberg, 1971). However, commemorating Kohlberg's dissertation is more than an arbitrary choice of simply the first of his writings. The dissertation actually launched many of his other writings, contained the central research on stages of moral judgement (at the time he referred to these as Types 0–5 and later changed the designation to Stages 1–6) and contained the seeds of his critiques of other approaches and of his


The author argues that the colleges in the VCCS must offer the services that make study in the U.S. successful for its international students. The presence of international students on our campuses enriches the collegiate experience of all of our students. International students bring with them a wealth of diverse ideas, challenging their classmates to see the world from a variety of perspectives. As a result, students enrolled in courses from art and literature, social sciences, math, or natural science will consider global perspectives on subjects they may in the past have only considered from their own familiar cultural vantage points. Although VCCS colleges recognize the value of enrolling international students on our campuses, we must also recognize that we have an ethical obligation to provide a range of support services that enhance our international students' chances of success. First, VCCS colleges that enroll international students present on F1 visas must employ a professional international student advisor and provide funds to support the advisor's continuous professional development. The laws governing international students are complex and change with great frequency. A professional international student advisor can provide the critical guidance that international students need to navigate the complex waters of immigration regulations. International students are frequently confused by U.S. immigration regulations and often do not have the English language skills necessary to understand their rights and responsibilities. A professional international student advisor understands this and can interpret the rules for students and help them to apply the regulations to their individual circumstances. At the very least, colleges should provide the funds for international student advisors to join NAFSA: The Association of International Educators. NAFSA provides a wealth of professional development opportunities from F1 101 workshops to professional development training on advanced F1 topics. NAFSA also publishes professional development materials such as the best selling NAFSA Advisor's Manual of Federal Regulations Affecting International Students and Scholars. Second, our colleges must provide a full range of services for students whose first language is not English. After colleges assess the English skills of all international applicants, they should place the students in the appropriate sequence of ESL courses. Further, ESL programs must be sufficiently rigorous to build students' academic English skills and enhance their chances for academic success. Colleges that decide that they do not have the resources available to support non-English proficient international students must not admit these students. And VCCS colleges must also set admissions standards, including TOEFL requirements, which ensure the English proficiency of applicants. Finally, our colleges must provide international students with opportunities to engage in co-curricular activities that will introduce them to their new environment and encourage them to establish relationships with their peers. Culture clubs, international dinners, film festivals, and other cultural activities provide the context for students to socialize and share their perspectives. We should also encourage our students to explore and fully participate in the communities where they live and experience the rich diversity of life in the United States. By doing so, international students will return home with a first-hand understanding of what it means to be an American. We value the contribution of international students on our campuses and would like to attract more students from abroad to study in Virginia's community colleges. However, we must be sure that we have the necessary support Page 1 of 2 Meeting Our Obligations to International Students http://www.vccaedu.org/inquiry/inquiry-spring2005/i-10-1-natali.html services established before recruiting or enrolling students with unique needs. Dr. Jeanne B. Natali, coordinator of international programs at Tidewater Community College, is a member of the National Advisory Panel of the American Council on Education's Global Learning for All project, the Advisory Board at the Meadowbrook School for International Studies, Norfolk Public Schools, and the American Council on Education's Internationalization Collaborative. Page 2 of 2 Meeting Our Obligations to International Students http://www.vccaedu.org/inquiry/inquiry-spring2005/i-10-1-natali.html


Magnetic skyrmions are nano-scale magnetic states that could be used in various spintronics devices. A central issue is the mechanism and rate of various possible annihilation processes and the lifetime of metastable skyrmions. While most studies have focused on classical over-the-barrier mechanism for annihilation, it is also possible that quantum mechanical tunneling through the energy barrier takes place. Calculations of the lifetime of magnetic skyrmions in a two-dimensional lattice are presented and the rate of tunneling compared with the classical annihilation rate. A remarkably strong variation in the onset temperature for tunneling and the lifetime of the skyrmion is found as a function of the values of parameters in the extended Heisenberg Hamiltonian, i.e. the out-of-plane anisotropy, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and applied magnetic field. Materials parameters and conditions are identified where the onset of tunneling could be observed on a laboratory time scale. In particular, it is predicted that skyrmion tunneling could be observed in the PdFe/Ir(111) system when an external magnetic field on the order of 6T is applied.


Problems with ensuring the safety of navigation of vessels in waves and with optimizing the parameters of the vessel's movement currently arise, in particular, due to the inability to use new achievements in navigation of related scientific disciplines, such as the theory of ship pitching, oceanography. This is partly due to the lack of methods for obtaining the spectrum of actual waves in the vicinity of a ship that is on an operational voyage and does not have the ability to make stops to record waves, the absence of ship pitching recorders in the widespread practice of navigation and the lack of software for complex processing of the necessary information. At present, the SGUVT has created software and hardware complexes suitable for use by the full-time crew on ships in operation.
Modern software and hardware complex provides the possibility of automated recording of the ship's pitching and its processing. The pitching record can be processed to obtain an amplitude.


Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) is a kind of deep learning and it has become a current hot topic in the field of image recognition. In the CNN, Output layer consists of Euclidean Radial Basis Function, unit matrix column as CNN's label vector. The category of the input image can be interpreted as the nearest label vector. This paper addresses a question: what is CNN's optimal label vector? We show that label vector influence CNN's accuracy. Most surprisingly, we show that the new label vector achieves the lowest known error rate on the Convolutional net LeNet-5, unprocessed MNIST dataset (0.45%).


According to the analysis results of phytoplankton collected after July 2007, the dominant population is chlorella or cyclotella, and cell density of phytoplankton and content of chlorophyll-a are different as seasonal change. In 2007, reservoir water is classified as light eutrophic. Later degree of eutrophication declines and water quality become better. The occurence of eutrophication is promoted by something including much of nitrogen and phosphorus from upstream water, suitable temperature and illumination. Controlling nitrogen and phosphorus sources and strengthening artificially biologic chain are adopted to prevent eutrophication. Obvious effect has being achieved in recent years.


In this paper, through the analysis and study of simple genetic algorithm(SGA) and its research state and through the comparison and analysis of the characteristics of complex system and SGA, the author suggested a new multiagent based genetic algorithm, defined the SGA' s environment, agent structure, genetic operator, target/evaluation function, and flow chart. At last ,the author verified this new GA with a test function and a multiapex function in complex environment. The results indicated that this new GA had many merits and advantages, suiting to resolve the problems of complex system.


if this had not been so, the use of the calibration relationship appropriate to each model would have allowed for any differences which there may have been). Under 'minimal leak' conditions, wall pressure equalled airway pressure in both model-. This suggested that the differences between models in the way in which the cuffs applied pressure to the windows were also trivial. We were surprised that, in the 20 mm model, the cuff pressures appeared not to be completely transmitted to the wall, even for the largest and most compliant cuffs. This observation underlies the observation (fig. 6 in our article) that the deviation of 'difference pressure' from wall pressure for a particular cuff depended on which of the two tracheal models was used. We came to no definite conclusion as to the cause of the observation, but cited the engineering analysis of McGinnis et d . , l as providing a theoretical basis for the expectation that tracheal size should modify some, at least, of the pressure relationships of endotracheal tube cuffs. We apologise for omitting the reference to Barth (Dr Brandt's reference'), and extend the apology on behalf of those other chauvinists who find it difficult to be aware of most of what is published other than in the English press. In red rubber tubes with mildly perished pilot balloons, aneurysmal changes do take place in the pilot balloon, and these do have an appreciable effect on the pressure volume relationships of the cuff-plusballoon system. Having said that, we were wrong to mention the pilot balloon in connexion with the pressure volume relationship shown in our fig. 2, though not for the reason given by Dr Brandt. We had specifically removed the contribution of the pilot balloon in the correction procedure described in the appendix (page 510 of our article). With the inflating syringe removed, the valve to the Lanz pilot certainly did operate as a one-way system as regards acute rises in cuff pressure induced by rises in airway pressure or by manual compression of the cuff. Dr Brandt's relatively recent observations that gradual rises in cuff pressure induced by inward diffusion of N,O are treated differently are reassuring. We await our English translations with interest!


Catches in light-traps adjoining cotton were obtained at the time of seasonal southward movement of the Inter-Tropical Front (ITF) in October, and during most of the following two months. Taxa studied were mostly Orthoptera and moths, many associated with sorghum, others long-distance migrants. Suction-trap catches at three heights up to 50 ft were obtained for short periods in October and November, and aircraft catches at 250 ft were also available on two days. Suction-trap catches of grass-feeding Homoptera suggest that displacement of these insects was associated with changes in wind direction marking movement of the ITF in October. The exact form of the displacement system in relation to the front cannot be reconstructed from catches at a single place, but it seems likely that proximity of the front at or soon after the time of a brief period of crepuscular activity stimulates insects to take flight and rise to 50 ft or more so that they are displaced. In many taxa, light-trap catches showed a regular pattern of increase, with only slight nightly fluctuations from a logarithmic trend, following full moon. Other increases were superimposed on this pattern at times when the ITF passed north of the trap site, and in some taxa particularly when it was far north. The pattern of change after full moon, shown most clearly in taxa with source populations close to the trap, was related to the moon's influence on the range of trap effectiveness. But various qualitative variations suggest that, in addition, aspects of behaviour or development may have adaptive relationships to the lunar cycle; variations include differences between taxa, particularly in timing of catch changes, and increasing proportion and decreasing maturity of females of certain taxa at the time of the regular increases in catch.


This article provides a general overview of methodology as a cyclical process of conceptually integrating assumptions, theory, phenomenon, and methods with the goal of deriving data appropriate for the elaboration of the theory. Next it considers the role of the researcher's subjectivity in the methodology cycle, and issues of validity, meaning, and interpretation. Then, it approaches the issue of methodology by linking a particular conceptual framework, a cultural psychology, and a focal phenomenon, personal meaning construction, with a suit able method for its investigation, the reflective interview. Finally, it presents empirical material derived using the reflective interview as a data construction method in a study of personal meaning construction, conducted with upper-middle class, professional, U.S.- American women with young children. Analyses of this empirical material examine meaning construction processes as modes of "working through" cultural material to construct the personal.


The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.


The dietary status of 64 elderly Japanese-American women in Los Angeles was in general not completely satisfactory. It was observed that the total amounts of foods consumed were less than the average, and that they ate out either on Saturday or Sunday.Most of them had bread, coffee, vegetables and fruit for breakfast; totally in American style. That they took sandwiches and favor meat for lunch and dinner were also American customs.Japanese cooking style was observed more at dinner than at lunch, and included steamed rice, soup, boiled food, and pickled food. As described above, their food habit was almost the same as that of native Japanese except breakfast.


Motivated by the work of Vishik on the analytic torsion we introduce a new class of generalized Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary value problems. We are able to derive a full heat expansion for this class of operators generalizing earlier work of Grubb and Seeley. As an application we give another proof of the gluing formula for the eta invariant. Our class of boundary conditions contains as special cases the usual (nonlocal) Atiyah-Patodi-Singer boundary value problems as well as the (local) relative and absolute boundary conditions for the Gauss-Bonnet operator.


It is hitherto first found home and abroad that the mineralized micron-sized biological spherical structure,sub-micron-sized biological granular structure and biological induced sheet organic structure are well preserved in the laminations of Miocene stromatlite in the western Qaidam basin. Combined with the recent study home and abroad,the micron-sized spherical structure is a kind of sulfate reducing microorganism similar with the Coccoid,and the sub-micron-sized granular structure is an important part of the EPS and may be the product of shrinking microorganisms under extreme conditions,and the sheet structure is the mineralized EPS and biofilm. Based on the analysis of the biological structure above and the crystals,such as quartz,salt and calcite,it can be confirmed that the formation of stromatolite in the study area may undergo two processes,the organic active mineralization for the dark lamination and the inorganic in-situ precipitation for the light lamination,among which,the mineralization of the dark lamination may be furthermore divided into two phases:the photosynthesis within the upper enclosed acid micro-environment and the sulfate reduction and EPS mineralization by means of degradation in the lower semi-enclosed micro-environment,in contrast,the light lamination is mainly the product of in-situ inorganic precipitation with some influence from the organic matter preserved in the dark lamination during the lithofication.


Core yarns are known as multi-component yarns in which one component, the core material, stays nearly at the center of the yarn while the others cover it. Core-spinning is a process by which fibres are twisted around an existing yarn, either filament or staple spun yarn, to produce a sheath core structure in which the already formed yarn is the core. ... Generally continuous filament yarn is used as core and the staple fibres used as sheath covering. Core spun, or "poly core", yarn is created by twisting staple fibers around a central filament core, usually made of polyester for extra strength. It is 40% to 50% stronger than normally spun yarn of the same weight, and reduces the number of broken stitches when sewing seams and hems on denim. In this work a simple positive driven gear attachment is fabricated to provide drive to feed the core yarn to the existing drafting unit and also the effective guiding roller is also incorporated in the front drafting zone of the spinning machine to ensure the position of core yarn at the center of yarn during twisting. For producing the core yarn lycra with 7 denier is used. The core yarn of two verities has been produced (cotton sheath - lycra core, and Viscose staple staple fibre sheath – lycra core). The properties of yarn is analyzed with respect to tenacity and elongation


The Radon transformation,as one popular essential imagery processing method,provides the theoretic foundation for image reconstruction technology,mapping a straight line to a point of transformed domain and get sparse representation,good for further processing,but the transitional method does not work regarding the non-straight line processing,neglecting image multiple information. Based on the generalized Radon transformation method,in view of multiple information of object's shape,a new general target identification algorithm is proposed.The image point mapping(IMP) improved the actual practical performance,and it makes a good effect when accurate information of object is available.Corresponding experiment carried on which according to this method,also got a good verification.


The purpose of our current research is to investigate the design and implementation of a Genetic Programming platform in C++, with primary focus on efficiency and flexibility. In this chapter we consider the lower level implementation aspects of such a platform, specifically, the Genome Interpreter. The fact that Genetic Programming is a computationally expensive task means that the overall efficiency of the platform in both memory and time is crucial. In particular, the node representation is the key part of the implementation in which the overhead will be magnified. We first compare a number of ways of storing the topology of the tree. The most efficient representation overall is one in which the program tree is a linear array of nodes in prefix order as opposed to a pointer based tree structure. We consider trade-offs with other linear representations, namely postfix and arbitrary positioning of functions and their arguments. We then consider how to represent which function or terminal each node represents, and demonstrate a very efficient one to two byte representation. Finally, we integrate these approaches and offer a prefix/jump-table (PJT) approach which results in a very small overhead per node in both time and space compared to the other approaches we investigated. In addition to being efficient, our interpreter is also very flexible. Finally, we discuss approaches for handling flow control, encapsulation, recursion, and simulated parallel programming.


ABSTRACT Comments made by a UK Government minister in 1989 concerning poverty, or rather the lack of it, amongst elderly people once again reflected the idea that the majority are well-off and less in need of State support than was the case in the past. The idea of a new group of Woopies (well off older persons) has been used as justification for debate about the introduction of means-testing for certain benefits directed at the elderly population. This paper challenges that view. It traces the evolution of the Woopie using published data and then examines the socio-economic characteristics of such a group. In a series of logit estimates to determine what factors are of importance in determining 'Woopie status', unsurprisingly receipt of income from assets and from an occupational pension are the most significant variables. Finally the scope for policy changes is examined.


Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs are tasked with developing cultivars that meet the standards of the vegetable processing industry and ultimately that of the consumer, all the while matching or exceeding the field performance of existing cultivars. While traditional breeding methods have had a long history of meeting these requirements, genetic marker technology, combined with the knowledge of important quantitative trait loci (QTL), can accelerate breeding efforts. In contrast to dry bean, snap bean immature pods and seeds are consumed as a vegetable. Several pod traits are important in snap bean including: reduced pod wall fiber, absence of pod suture strings, and thickened, succulent pod walls. In addition, snap bean pods are selected for round pod cross section, and pods tend to be longer with cylindrical seed shape. Seed color is an important trait in snap bean, especially those used for processing, as processors prefer white-seeded cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic control of traits important to snap bean producers and processors. RR6950, a small seeded brown indeterminate type IIIA dry bean accession, was crossed to the Oregon State University (OSU) breeding line OSU5446, a type I Blue Lake four-sieve breeding line to produce the RR138 F4:6 recombinant inbred (RI) mapping population. We evaluated the RR138 RI population for processing and morphological traits, especially those affecting pods. The RR138 population was genotyped with the BARCBean6K_3 Beadchip, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to assemble a linkage map, and identify QTL for pod traits. The linkage map produced from this study contained 1689 SNPs across 1196cM. The map was populated with an average of one SNP per 1.4 cM, spanning 11 linkage groups. Seed and flower color genes B and P were located on Pv02 and Pv07, respectively. A QTL for string:pod length (PL) ratio was found on Pv02 controlling 32% of total genetic variation. QTL for a suite of important processing traits including pod wall fiber, pod height, pod width, and pod wall thickness were found clustering on Pv04 and controlled 21%, 26%, 18%, and 16% of genetic variation for each of these respective traits. A QTL for PL was found on Pv09 controlling 5% of genetic variation. Snap bean or ''green bean'' is the vegetable form of common bean, and are harvested before seeds mature. Whole pods are prepared by cooking, or preserved by freezing or canning. Several pod traits are important in snap bean that differentiate them from dry bean. The most important traits in snap bean include reduced pod wall fiber, absence of pod suture strings, and thickened, succulent pod walls. Unlike dry bean pods, snap bean pods have been selected for round pod cross-section and long cylindrical seed shape. During the first half of the 20th century, bean geneticists described several qualitative genes that affect pod shape and fiber. Tschermak (1916) followed by Lamprecht (1932, 1947) described Ea and Eb polymeric genes for pods with elliptical cross section vs. ea and eb that conditioned round pod cross section. The Ea and Eb allele series affect pod shape but are independent of pod wall fiber. In this same work, Lamprecht (1932, 1947) characterized pod wall fiber with Fa conditioning a pod membrane and fa showing a weak pod membrane. Fb and Fc were described as modifiers of Fa with the genotype fa fb fc having the least podmembrane. In dry pods of this allelic series, the triple recessive would show a wrinkled pod wall constricted around the seeds. The Fa-Fb-Fc series do not necessarily affect pod cross-section shape. Another polymeric set of genes (Lamprecht, 1932, 1947, 1961) include pod shape and fiber. Received for publication 22 Oct. 2015. Accepted for publication 23 Dec. 2015. We are grateful for the assistance of Randy Hopson for his expertise in managing the field plots. We thank Deborah Kean, Joel Davis, Shawna Zimmerman, Kara Young, and Annie Chozinski of the Myers vegetable breeding group for their contributions in the field, greenhouse, and laboratory. Thanks are due to Ryan Graebner for valuable discussion. This research is part of an MS thesis by C.H. Hagerty and supported by a grant from Seneca Foods Corporation. CHH contributed to design, conducted experiments, and drafted the manuscript. AC-M assisted CHH with linkage map construction and QTL analysis. PC and QS developed the SNP platform used in the study and conducted allele calling of SNPs. PM contributed data from the Stampede · Redhawk RI population, with physical location of SNPs and gene annotation from the Phaseolus genome sequence. JRM conceived of the project, developed the recombinant inbred population, supervised the research and assisted in writing the publication. Corresponding author. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 141(2):131–138. 2016. 131 These traits associated are Ia and Ib, which conditioned parchmented pods with elliptical cross section vs. ia and ib that produced round pods with weakly expressed parchment. The stringless gene (St) described by Prakken (1940) is unusual in that the recessive form expresses suture strings whereas the dominant allele conditions stringlessness. A second stringless gene (Ts for temperature-dependent suture string formation) was described by Drijfhout (1978). He found that St-tsts is without string, St-Tsexpresses incomplete string, and ststTsand ststtsts have complete string.With the exception of St, none of these traits have been placed on a linkage map or have been characterized using modern molecular tools. Seed color is an important trait in snap bean, especially those cultivars used for processing. Canners prefer white-seeded cultivars because the flavonoids present in colored seeds are water soluble and will discolor the liquor in canned green beans, or leave a colored ring where the testa is exposed in a cut bean in a frozen product (Myers and Baggett, 1999). Seed color specifications are less stringent for snap beans destined for fresh markets, and while the majority of cultivars used for fresh market have white seeds, some have colored seeds. The flavonoids that conditioning seed color have important effects on germination and emergence, resistance to pathogens, and human nutrition. White-seeded beans show reduced germination and emergence relative to their colored seeded counterparts (especially in cold and wet soils), which appears to be related to the antimicrobial properties of flavonoids (Cowan, 1999). The flavonoids in dry bean are strong antioxidants and their presence may be related to the anticarcinogenic properties of some dry bean types (Patterson et al., 2009). Mapping phenotypic traits can give plant breeders important insight into the location of traits in a genome, which assists breeders in making targeted efforts to develop superior cultivars. Knowledge of important QTL for a given trait can help us to understand the magnitude of genetic factors and trait linkage. In addition to QTL discovery, mapping populations can serve to generate transgressive segregates. Transgressive segregates are progeny phenotypes that fall outside of parental means; these phenotypes can be very useful novel combinations of genetics that can surpass performance of parental types. We expected to see the occurrence of transgressive segregation in our study due to the nature of the inter gene pool cross used. Other evidence for transgressive segregation in interspecific crosses has been outlined in tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. (deVicente and Tanksley, 1993)]. As those authors explain, if species carry a large frequency of complementary alleles, then crossing has the promise to create novel genotypes, including transgressive segregants. Transgressive segregation can result from complementary, additive gene action following recombination of genotypes that differ in the directionality of their antagonistic QTLs (Rieseberg et al., 2003). Previous mapping efforts with snap bean have identified QTL for disease resistance and some pod traits. In one study, two QTL conditioning resistance to white mold in snap bean were mapped to PV06 and PV08 (Miklas et al., 2003). The QTL on PV06 was located in close proximity to the Ur-4 bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus F. Strauss) resistance gene, and was associated with architectural disease avoidance. The QTL on PV08 was associated with increased internode length, which may prohibit use of this QTL (Miklas et al., 2003). In a wax snap bean x wild bean population characterized using restricted fragment length polymorphisms, pod wall fiber and suture string length cosegregated on Pv02 (Koinange et al., 1996). VandenLangenberg et al. (2012) identified QTL for pod sugar concentration, an important trait in the flavor and taste perception of snap bean. Other important snap bean pod traits such as pod wall thickness and pod cross-section shape remain to be mapped. The objective of this study was to identify QTL associated with important processing traits in a dry bean · snap bean RI population. The work of Lamprecht and others implies that several of the pod traits are under relatively simple genetic control, but we employed a quantitative approach because we generally observed continuous distributions for phenotypic variation, and were unsuccessful in determining an objective way to distribute the RI population into discrete classes. Materials and Methods PLANT MATERIALS AND TRAIT PHENOTYPING. Common bean lines OSU5446 and RR6950 were selected as parents to cross and develop the RR138 RI mapping population. OSU5446 is a white-seeded bush blue lake four-sieve (80% 1–4 sieve size pods at optimum processing maturity) green bean breeding line with type I growth habit (Singh, 1981) suitable for commercial harvest and processing. RR6950 is a Mesoamerican small brown seeded accession with type IIIA growth habit [received from J.R. Baggett (ultimate origin is u


This paper proposes a new topology of three-phase split-source inverter (SSI) with only one auxiliary power electronic switch inserted into the three-phase full-bridge inverter. Split-source inverter is a single stage topology, which combines the boosting stage with the DC/AC converter stage. The proposed three-phase SSI has fewer passive components than impedance source converters (like ZSI). Switching states of the conventional three-phase VSI can be used with the SSI to control the output voltage. An independent control for both DC link voltage and output AC voltage is achieved using model predictive control. The DC link voltage can be controlled via duty cycle obtained by a maximum power point tracker or by fixed duty cycle as used in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed control achieves low THD of the AC output voltage (good performance) with both normal loading condition and sudden load change condition.


The relative rates of evaporation and oxidative or thermal decomposition in lubricants are investigated experimentally at elevated temperatures. Thin films of lubricant are exposed to air at high temperatures, and attention is given to the amount of solid deposit rendered and the amount of evaporated material. The effects of volatility, oxidative stability, and thermal stability are assessed with the help of stability maps for liquid lubricants. The concept of fluid-stability maps based on deposit formation as a function of temperature is shown to be effective. At 200-425 C lubricant deposit formation in the presence of air is a function of lubricant volatility, oxidation rate, the rate of thermal degradation, and the effect of the bearing surface. Some materials are listed that can mitigate the effects of oxidation on lubricant performance which can be used for a range of aerospace applications. 16 refs.


Macrophysiology is defined as the study of variation in physiological traits—including physiological trait flexibility—over large geographical and temporal scales, and the ecological implications of this variation. A classic example of a macrophysiological trend is the one emerging from the climatic variability hypothesis, which states that as the range of climatic fluctuation experienced by terrestrial animals increases with latitude, individuals at higher latitudes should be more plastic than individuals inhabiting lower latitudes. In this context, we evaluate the correlation between absolute metabolic scope during cold exposure (an instantaneous measure of metabolic flexibility) and different geographic and climatic variables for 48 rodent species. Conventional and phylogenetic informed analyses indicated a positive correlation between metabolic scope and geographic latitude. These findings, together with previous reports on latitudinal pattern in phenotypic flexibility, suggest that an increase in physiological flexibility with latitude may hold for many phenotypic traits.


This paper introduced a bearing abrasion quantity's gray prediction model established by use of grey system theory.It is shown that the result of model calculation is very close to the measured data,and that further forecast on the tendency of the equipment condition could possibly be made by this model.Grey system theory,as traits of concise theory and novelty thoughway,indicated that it become a powerful tool with machinery fault diagnosis.Introduction of grey prediction into the mechanical engineering could enrich the basic theory of condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technique,so as to promote the development of this discipline towards a higher level and a wider application prospect.


In Vampires, Race, and Transnational Hollywoods, Dale Hudson explores the movement of transnational Hollywood's vampires, between low-budget quickies and high-budget franchises, as it appropriates visual styles from German, Mexican and Hong Kong cinemas and off-shores to Canada, the Philippines and South Africa. As the vampire's popularity has swelled, vampire film and television has engaged with changing discourses around race and identity that are not always addressed in realist modes.


A closed form expression for the higher-power coherent states (eigenstates of a) is given. The cases j = 3, 4 are discussed in detail, including the time-evolution of the probability densities. These are compared to the case j = 2, the evenand odd-coherent states. We give the extensions to the "effective" displacement-operator, higher-power squeezed states and to the ladder-operator/minimum-uncertainty, higher-power squeezed states. The properties of all these states are discussed. PACS: 03.65.-w, 02.20.+b, 42.50.-p Dedicated to Marlan Scully on he occasion of his 60h birthday. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Definitions of Higher-Power Coherent States Higher-power coherent states (HPCS) are defined by [1]-[4] a |α; j, k〉 = α|α; j, k〉, 0 ≤ k ≤ (j − 1), (1) α = α1 + iα2 ≡ x0 + ip0 √ 2 . (2) This definition produces ladder-operator-type coherent states (LOCS), A second type of coherent states, generally equivalent to the LOCS, are minimumuncertainty coherent states (MUCS). These come from considering the operators Xj = a + (a†)j √ 2 , Pj = a − (a†)j i √ 2 , (3) with commutation relation [Xj, Pj] = iO, (4) O being Hermitian. This implies a Heisenberg uncertainty relation (∆Xj) (∆Pj) 2 ≥ 1 4 |〈[Xj, Pj]〉| = 4〈O〉2. (5) The (wave-function) states which satisfy equality in Eq. (5) are given by solutions to the equation [Xj + iBPj ]ψmu = Cψmu, (6) where B = 〈O〉 2(∆Pj) = 2(∆Xj) 2 〈O〉 , C = 〈Xj〉 + iB〈Pj〉. (7) These solutions, ψmu comprise not only the coherent states but also some of the squeezed states (SS) for the system. (See Sec. 5 below. Remember, the CS are special-case, zero-squeezed SS.) To restrict the ψmu to the ψcs, one needs to add the further restriction ∆Xj/∆Pj = Const. Given our present overall normalizations for Xj and Pj , this constant is unity. For the harmonic oscillator, one has that the uncertainties in x and p are equal. 2 For general potential systems, this constant can be determined by the demand that the set of CS include the ground-state [5]. (The ground state is the quantum analogue of zero classical motion). However, here things are complicated by the fact that the HPCS have j "effective" extremal states, not just the ground state. Therefore, for a given (j, k), each set |α; j, k〉 does not span the Hilbert space. To continue, observe that there is no displacement-operator coherent-state (DOCS) definition Dj(α)|0〉 = |α; j, k〉, (8) Dj(α) = exp [ (α∗)jaj − αj(a†)j ] , (9) for HPCS with j > 2. When j > 2, a and (a†)j do not form part of a closed algebra and Dj(α) is not defined. 〈0|Dj>2|0〉 does not converge in a power series evaluation [4, 6]. (Even for j = 2, potential definitions do not work. See Sec. 2.) 2 Properties of Higher-Power Coherent States For (j, k) = (1, 0), the HPCS are the ordinary coherent states. |α; 1, 0〉 = exp[− 2 |α|] ∞


It is shown that Chamber's kinetic integral is an exact solution of the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation. (auth)


Transient melting is an ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, which plays an increasingly important role in the processing of nanomaterials. A sound theoretical description of this process is therefore important, both from fundamental and applied points of view. We present a numerical study of transient melting in simple atomic solids using both, continuum theory based on the heat diffusion equation and transient nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We show that continuum theory provides an accurate description of relevant properties, temperature relaxation, time-dependent internal energy, and dynamics of the melting front. However, deviations between the continuum approach and the molecular dynamics simulations are observed in picosecond time scales depending on the initial temperature used to melt the solid. These deviations are due to the emergence of new time scales associated with the activated character of the melting process. Consistently with this notion, we observe that the closer the initia...


Diversion programs connect individuals to treatment instead of criminal sanctions and are used more frequently to address substance use. This systematic scoping review included 31 published empirical studies to examine evaluations of diversion programs that address substance use and misuse. We assessed the program characteristics and implementation settings, as well as the outcomes measured and study methods used. We identified five prevalent study outcomes categories: (a) Service utilization (program retention and completion), (b) Recidivism/criminality, (c) Substance use, (d) Psychosocial functioning, and (e) Other outcomes (e.g., trauma, quality of life, and housing). Findings demonstrated limited but promising evidence for improvements in recidivism, substance use, and psychosocial outcomes. The limited evidence may be partly due to heterogeneity in diversion program implementation, study designs used, and differences among subpopulations. Most studies examined postbooking diversion programs; therefore, further examination of alternative approaches such as prebooking diversion programs is needed to fully understand diversion program impacts.


In this paper, using positivity of trigonometric cosine and sine sums whose coefficients are generalization of Vietoris numbers, we find the conditions on the coefficient $\{a_k\}$ to characterize the geometric properties of the corresponding analytic function $f(z)=z+\displaystyle\sum_{k=2}^{\infty} a_kz^k$ in the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$. As an application we also find geometric properties of a generalized Ces\`aro type polynomials.


China has witnessed a vedtable explosion in the number of assoclâtlons at both nation¿l and local levels. These range from ch¿rities to scientific associations, tade and business associations, culnual gtoups, professional societies, youtì groups, environmental associations, women's advocacy gtoups-the gpes that hâve emetged are too lengthy to list in Ê¡.11. The most recent availatle ofñcial data shows that as of 2007 China contar¡ed 354,000 officially tegrstered associadons,r along with very large numbers of untegistered ones. By comparison, undet Mao ot even dudng the eatþ yeats of Deng Xraoplng's ru1e, few associatjons exrsted beyond the so-called mass organizations that are olÎtcid)y extensions of the Parry-state, such as the Communist Youth League, the All-China \J7omen's Federation, and the All-China Fedetation of Trade Unions. Repeatedly, the govemment has tefetred to the new associations as "bridges" between tlle state and each of China's social and economic constiruencies. ,{re they bddges, and if so, what flpes of functions might they fulfill, and fot whose interests? In what tegatd do they stand between


The particular contribution to recognizing the multiple functions of empathy in the psychoanalysis comes from the self psychology whose thesis are the continuation and the origin extension of Freud's concepts. Kohut claims that the presence of empathy, in principle, determines the psychological field and that the empathy is an irreplaceable observation mean in the psychoanalysis. He offers a through theory of psychopathology and treatments in which an outstanding importance is given to the empathy. He has articulated new group of developmental needs and considers that the failure of the parents empathy to meet them results in a person's inability to develop intraphysic structures necessary for the reliable regulation of self- respect leaving the person openly dependent on the narcissistic gratification from the environment. The treatment requires careful understanding of these early failures and provides an environment in which those intrapsychic structures can develop with delay but efficiently. Analytical interventions are in the form of the initial emphatic responses and the interpretations close to the client's experience (understanding phase) as the analysis progresses the interpretations tend to be deeper and begin to include the genetic dimensions of the client's current experiences (explanatory phase) By and in itself, the empathy has a certain therapeutic potential because it helps the client to acquire an useful sense that the or she is understood, but the primary therapeutic effect of the analysis comes from the total explanatory process including the interpretations of the explanatory type leading towards the structural changes and the growth by the means of transforming internalization.


The potentiometric responses towards lead ions of liquid membrane electrodes containing arylenevinylene derivatives are reported. The membranes respond to lead ions in the activity range 10 -6 - 10 -3 M and show good selectivity against common interfering mono- and doubly-charged cations. The new ligands demonstrate low affinity for protonation. 1 mol % (vs the ionphore) of potassium tetrakis(pchlorophenyl)borate was used as a lipophilic anionic salt to improve the selectivity. The ligands selected for the present study allow estimating the influence of olefinic double bounds, the number of aromatic rings and the number and position of methoxy groups on recognition process of the lead ions.


The 1999 SUNTA Anthony Leeds Prize in Urban Anthropology awarded to Roger Sanjek for The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City (1998). Leeds' theoretic cal writings were especially important to this book and to this author, who edited a collection of Leeds' essays, Cities, Classes and the Social Order (1994). Foremost for Sanjek among Leeds' urban anthropological concepts were his grounding of social analysis in observable events, his conception of interlocking social orders (from local to global),his operational approach to the components of power (resources, organization, numbers), and his insistence on fusing ethnography, comparative theory, and historical and political-economic contextualization. [Leeds, Anthony, power, social order, theory]


Relative intensities of secondary X-rays induced by an isotope source in Fe and Cu foils with different thicknesses have been measured upon transmission through a foil using a Si(Li) detector. The experi-mental results indicate that (1) the intensity of secondary X-rays was raised with the increase of the foil's thickness, which ranged from 5×10−6 to 1×10−4 m; (2) the higher Z the foil material had, the more characteristic X-rays would be excited from them; and (3) the intensity of secondary X-rays was related to the activity and energy of the excitation source, as well as the way of foil's formation. The 'model of effective neighboring excitation' has been suggested. The calculation of elemental Cu based on the model described earlier agrees well with experimental data.


With increasingly centralised services for people diagnosed with OG Cancer we wanted to ensure our local service was maintained to provide the appropriate care and management by collaborating with the Specialist Sites and raising the profile of local services. Most patients remain local due to their disease stage, performance status or through choice. We wanted those patients who have tests and treatment on other sites to be able to have their care managed locally as much as possible and therefore only have to travel when absolutely necessary. We aim to facilitate and deliver a streamlined service.

 Weekly Local MDT triages patients to Specialist MDT once appropriate information is available.
 Established local outreach clinic for specialist service. Ensures patients are known to specialist service from diagnosis. Patients will be diagnosed and managed locally unless input required elsewhere.
 Local CNS attends both Local/Specialist MDT as patient advocate and provides cross site communication and care planning.
 Local User Involvement- contributes to service development and feedback both locally and beyond.
 Local HNA at point of diagnosis to establish a bench mark. Ongoing emotional support is integral to the local service and continues wherever the patient is in their care pathway.

 Streamlined care with local and specialist team contacts. Improved communication between professionals. Identifiable contact for patients
 Rapid referral process - timely and appropriate discussions.
 Improved patient satisfaction. Direct access to specialist site from point of diagnosis.
 Improved patient advocacy across sites
 Effective use of clinic time. The right patient being seen at the right time in the right hospital with the right information.
 Local follow up enables integration of additional local services/teams into patient care
 More inclusion for local teams in wider  service development.
 Local leadership within the network has ensured investment in local services and raised the profile.

 Care is more streamlined
 Patients are assessed by the right person at the right time enabling more open communication
 Avoids unnecessary referrals
 Less travelling between sites
 Reduces patient anxiety
 Encourages user involvement- more personalised care.
 Promotes continuity of patient care
 Allows inclusion of local teams in decision making at specialist level
 Promotes collaboration and team working with flexible leadership amongst team members
 Improved job satisfaction by establishing a shared vision
 Upper GI Cancer delivery will continue to go through changes but with a motivated team who work together these changes can be implemented efficiently and effectively.


Significance The Amazonian tropical forests have been disappearing at a fast rate in the last 50 y due to deforestation to open areas for agriculture, posing high risks of irreversible changes to biodiversity and ecosystems. Climate change poses additional risks to the stability of the forests. Studies suggest "tipping points" not to be transgressed: 4° C of global warming or 40% of total deforested area. The regional development debate has focused on attempting to reconcile maximizing conservation with intensification of traditional agriculture. Large reductions of deforestation in the last decade open up opportunities for an alternative model based on seeing the Amazon as a global public good of biological assets for the creation of high-value products and ecosystem services. For half a century, the process of economic integration of the Amazon has been based on intensive use of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources, which has brought significant basin-wide environmental alterations. The rural development in the Amazonia pushed the agricultural frontier swiftly, resulting in widespread land-cover change, but agriculture in the Amazon has been of low productivity and unsustainable. The loss of biodiversity and continued deforestation will lead to high risks of irreversible change of its tropical forests. It has been established by modeling studies that the Amazon may have two "tipping points," namely, temperature increase of 4 °C or deforestation exceeding 40% of the forest area. If transgressed, large-scale "savannization" of mostly southern and eastern Amazon may take place. The region has warmed about 1 °C over the last 60 y, and total deforestation is reaching 20% of the forested area. The recent significant reductions in deforestation—80% reduction in the Brazilian Amazon in the last decade—opens up opportunities for a novel sustainable development paradigm for the future of the Amazon. We argue for a new development paradigm—away from only attempting to reconcile maximizing conservation versus intensification of traditional agriculture and expansion of hydropower capacity—in which we research, develop, and scale a high-tech innovation approach that sees the Amazon as a global public good of biological assets that can enable the creation of innovative high-value products, services, and platforms through combining advanced digital, biological, and material technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in progress.


Abstract ABSTRACT: One approach to gene therapy for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies has been focused on increasing normal globin gene expression. However, because of the high concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cell (32–34 g/dl), merely introducing the normal globin gene may not be enough to counteract the effect of an abnormal globin. We propose that in addition to strategies to add normal β- or γ-globin production to sickle erythrocytes, a decrease in overall hemoglobin concentration would further decrease the polymerization potential and should be considered with other gene therapy approaches. Ribozymes offer the potential to target a selected gene product. A model system has been set up using the human α-globin gene for specific gene suppression by ribozymes by cleaving α-globin mRNA transcripts. Ribozymes, specifically targeted to five different sites in the 5′ portion of human α-globin mRNA, have been designed and tested in vitro. Cleavage of 32P-labeled α-globin mRNA by these ribozymes has been observed in vitro and the highest level of activity has been found for a multi-ribozyme combining all five ribozymes. The multi-ribozyme gene along with promoters with varying activities in erythroid cells was transfected into human erythroleukemia K562 cells. The multi-ribozyme gene, under the control of human α-2-globin promoter alone and combined with the locus control region enhancer, caused a decrease in the level of α-globin mRNA of 50–75% compared to the control, determined by RNase protection and by real-time quantitative PCR. The decrease in α-globin transcripts has been found to be correlated with expression of the multi-ribozyme in a dose-dependent manner and does not appear to be mediated by an antisense effect. These results suggest that the multi-ribozyme may be useful in gene therapy as an effective suppressor of a specific globin gene.


Islanding is the condition in which Distributed Generators (DG) continues to power a location even though power from the grid is no longer present. Even though there is no power from the grid the load is still powered by DG. It can be dangerous to grid workers who may not realize this condition. The effects of islanding are low power quality, equipment damage, and personnel safety hazards. To avoid this situation, DG should detect an islanding condition and immediately stop producing power. This islanding method can be categorized into three methods: active, passive and communication based method. These methods are easy to implement but have larger Non Detection zone (NDZ) in the case of local generation meets the local demand. To eliminate the NDZ and detect islanding rapidly, a special micro inverter was designed with the help of microcontroller. It takes the grid voltage and frequency as a reference for synchronization purpose. Synchronization with grid is also done with the help of controller and it automatically synchronized with the grid when the grid is came back to normal condition. This micro inverter includes Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Buck-Boost converter and filter circuit. This proposed islanding detection method was designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK.


: Disease management is a key component of high-yielding wheat production. Seed treatment fungicides form low cost crop insurance. In order to assess the efficacy of different fungicides as a seed dressing against karnal bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia indica, an in vivo study was conducted at the experimental field of Agriculture Research Institute Quetta during 2014. In vitro study was carried out to isolate seed borne fungi from wheat grains collected from Tandojam city. In vivo study was comprised of six fungicides treatments (T 1 = Vibrax, T 2 = Thiophenate, T 3 = Definite, T 4 = Protocol, T 5 = Success and T 6 = Control) which was tested against karnal bunt of wheat in randomized complete block design with three replication. The results showed that wheat grains cultured on potato dextrose medium indicated colonies of seven fungal genera including Atlernaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Tilletia presenting twelve fungal species. Among them, the Aspergillus flavus was dominant with 18.8%occurrence. The in vivo study revealed that in comparison to control seed dressing with Vibrax and Thiophenate exhibited maximum germination percentage (97.73 and 98.00), less disease incidence (7.96%), less infected spikes and spikelets, 65.23 grains spike -1 , tillers m -2 (413.67), biological yield (9114 kg ha -1 ), grain yield (3851 kg ha -1 ), seed index (43.03 g) and harvest index (45.18%). However, untreated seed showed maximum number of 197 infected spikes m -2 treatment -1 and 20.67 spikelets spike -1 respectively. Among the five fungicides, Vibrax and Thiophenate showed higher suppressiveness as a seed dressing and improved germination percentage, yield and yield components of wheat with less disease incidence and no affected spikes and spikelets. So, it can be inferred from this study that seed borne disease like karnal bunt of wheat can be controlled or managed by using systemic fungicides as seed dressing.


The power of regeneration of lost or damaged parts in polychaetes is very well known. In most of the Nereidiform polychaetes new segments replace the lost segments and they can be generally recognised by being smaller than the rest at first. Moreover, not only can new segments arise at the hind end, but a new head can be formed at the anterior end. These regenerated heads are smaller at first than the rest of the body, but soon groiv to a normal size. This extensive power of regeneration generally remains latent till injury provides the stimulus and is of extreme value to the polychaetes.


A simple explicit analytical expression, amenable to hand calculation, is developed for estimating the ultimate capacity of grout‐filled damaged tubular members. The analysis is based on the simplifying assumptions that: (1) Full interaction exists between grout and the damaged tube; and (2) grout provides sufficient support to the tube wall in the damaged region to prevent premature local buckling. The load‐carrying capacity is then obtained on the basis of the reduced section using beam‐column analysis similar in form to that adopted in current design codes. The first yield collapse criterion has been adopted. Experimental work was previously conducted on 10 small‐scale specimens. They were tested with different damage conditions. It is shown that the proposed expression provides close lower‐bound estimates of the experimental results. A parametric study is performed to establish the relationship between various parameters and their effects on the ultimate strength of grout‐filled damaged tubes.


The Yangtze river from the source regions to the Yichang station is called as the Upper Yangtze River. Its area is about one million square kilometers. The main tributaries of the upper Yangtze River include the Jinsha River, Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Jialing River and Wujiang River etc. It is desirable to study the variations of runoff at the major stations along the main stream and the major tributaries of the upper Yangtze River basin, and explore the possible causes of the variations. The runoff changes at sixteen main control stations in the upper reaches of Yangtze River basin were analyzed firstly. The results show that except in the Jinsha River basin, the runoff in the other basin decreased more or less. Among them, the runoff in the Minjiang River, Hengjiang River, Tuojiang River, and Jialing River decreased significantly. The runoff at the Cuntan station increased before 1968, and decreased significantly after 1993. According to water resources engineering and hydrologic station distribution, the upper Yangtze River basin was divided into seven areas: 1)Jinsha River basin; 2)Minjiang River basin; 3) Tuojiang River basin; 4)Jialing River basin; 5)Cuntan area; 6)Wujiang River basin; 7)Yichang area. Then a large scale distributed monthly water balance model was developed and applied in the above seven areas. In the calibration period, the average value of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is 85.00% and that in the verification period is 81.69%. So the model can simulate monthly runoff well in the upper Yangtze River basin. Finally, the model was used to evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on the changes of runoff generation in the upper Yangtze River basin. Using the fixing-changing factor technique, the contribution rates of climate change and human activities on runoff change were evaluated. The runoff at the Cuntan station of Yangtze River decreased significantly since 1993 and climate change is the main factor that the contribution rate of which was 71.43%. But in the non-flood period the reservoirs operation in the upper Yangtze River basin increased runoff somewhat. Meanwhile, it need to be paid attention to that the runoff in the Minjiang and Jialing River basin decreased obviously and the contribution of human activities to runoff change reaches to about a half. Human activities have most probably played a dominant role in influencing the discharge of the Minjiang and Jialing River basin.


This sketch presents a set of techniques developed for the simulation of Chinese Shadow Play. The objective is to turn traditional shadow shows into electronic forms such that they become more accessible and be preserved. Computer models of the puppets are created in a semiautomatic process. To correctly capture the gleaming shadowing effect, a rendering technique based on the photon mapping method [Jensen 2001] has been developed. Our initial effort has resulted in an animation that is composed of excerpts of a famous Chinese folk story. In the animation, lighting effects and delicate motions close to a real show are featured.


The experience with space starts in the earliest childhood when a child becomes aware of himself separately from space and starts exploring what surrounds him. That is also one of the first forms of mathematics in early childhood.

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the development of certain mental structures of preschool children that are important to their managing of space, basic features for the perception of space and later orientation in space. It also includes the developmental characteristics of children in the field of language and describes some of the theories relating to the development of speech.

The empirical part provides an insight into research results, more precisely to what extent planned mathematical activities influence the language development of children, and the use as well as the understanding of mathematical concepts in the field of orientation in space.


Mammary prostheses are used to improve the breast morphology, for the breast volume augmentation or to re-establish their shape after radical surgical interventions due to breast cancer. Until the 50's, most of implants were injected substances like paraffin or liquid silicon, occasionally self-transplanted benign tumors. They were usually rejected by the organism or suffered a certain grade of atrophy and degradation.


An approximate solution of the Richards equation was obtained with a spectral series solution for rain infiltration under changing boundary conditions. Prior to surface ponding a flux boundary condition was employed, which was followed by a concentration boundary condition. During this latter stage a flux matching boundary condition was used to describe the movement of the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones. The solutions yield a general expression for ponding time, wetting front advance, and soil water profile. Infiltration rates beyond ponding include the effect of time dependent ponding height and saturation depth.


The feedbackresponseof mevalonate: NADP oxidoreductase (acylating CoA;EC 18.104.22.168) intwo varieties ofhepatomahasbeenexamined. Inmarkedcon- trasttothefeedback inhibition ofthisenzymethatis regularly observed innormalliver, thefeedback control is completely lostinminimal-deviation hepatomas 9121and 3924A.Thisfinding provides thefirst specific biochemical localization ofthedefect incholesterol feedback control, whichhasbeenshownpreviously tobeacharacteristic of allhepatomas. Since theoriginal observations ofGould(1), abundant evi- dence hasbeenaccumulated todemonstrate thatcholesterol synthesis inthelivers ofallhigher animals ismarkedly sup- pressed byexogenous cholesterol (2). Indirect evidence that thischolesterol feedback reaction involves reactions prior to thesynthesis ofmevalonate wasfirst provided bythestudies ofGouldandPopjak (3), ofBucher etal., (4), andofSiper- stein andGuest(5). Itwassubsequently demonstrated inthis laboratory bydirectly measuring thesynthesis ofmevalonic acidandof3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutarate thatthefeedback control ofcholesterol synthesis isspecifically localized tothe enzymatic stepreslponsible fortheconversion of3-hydroxy-3-


The 5 Hungarian Winter attack on Subcarpathia was a response to Polish military activities in Slovakia in the years 1472-1473. On 10-11 January 1474 6000 soldiers under the command of Tamás Tarczay of Lipany crossed the southern border of the Kingdom of Poland (Fig. 1). One detachment attacked the road from Bardejov via Zborov. it passed unnoticed through the Beskid Pass to ożenna, and then, marching through the forest of the Beskidy Mountains. Already on 13 January both the town and the castle were captured. In the course of the following days a considerable part of the present-day Podkarpackie Voivodeship was devastated and such centres as Dukla and on 16 January Jasło were destroyed. Krosno was also besieged, but the attackers were forced back from the walls by fire of hand-held firearms. The Hungarians marched from Jasło to the north, reaching Pilzno. it was taken on 1 February, with numerous robberies having been done1. 6


Informal rock stratigraphic units have been established for the area. They consist of the Marlboro, Raven Creek, Obed, and Drystone Creek tills of Cordilleran provenance, and the Marsh Creek, Edson, and Mayberne tills of Canadian Shield or Laurentide source. Three different gravel units of Tertiary–Quaternary age underlie glacial deposits of the area and are here called the Tableland, Lowland, and Buried Valley gravel, in order of decreasing age.Evidence for four and possibly five glacier advances has been recognized. The oldest is inferred by fragmentary evidence of an 'Early' Cordilleran till. The second, represented by the Marsh Creek till, is the initial and greatest advance of Laurentide ice into the area. In the third both Cordilleran and Laurentide glaciers advanced and met. The Cordilleran ice is recorded by the Marlboro and Raven Creek tills, and the Laurentide by the Edson and Mayberne tills. The fourth glacial advance is documented by the Obed till of Cordilleran source. The Hinton terraces wer...


Embedded systems have been almost invisibly pervading our daily lives for several decades. These Embedded electronic devices plays vital role in almost the areas of human life, Decreased costing, increased production tends to use these devices with higher reliability areas. They facilitate smooth operation in sphere of human life, avionics, automotive electronics, or telecommunication. New problems arise by increasing employment, interconnections, EMI, RFI, harmonics, sag, and end of course thermal problems. These problems are not quick common but expected always due to the fast growing multi utilize service like induction machine, radio frequency devices, rotating machines and much more. The challenges unique to embedded systems require new approaches to security covering all aspects of embedded system design from architecture to implementation. This paper presents a design of fault - tolerant embedded system by piggyback method of two embedded processor. Both processors are involved in adaptive sharing with software module. The customized fault tolerant embedded system is designed by combining selective protection on both hardware and software. Security processing, which refers to the computations that must be performed in a system for the purpose of security, can easily overwhelm the computational capabilities of processors in both low- and high-end embedded systems.


This study examines the nature of coercion, which has been used as theoretical explanation about the resolution of semantic incompatibility between a construction and a lexical item that occurs in it (Michaelis 2005), through empirical data derived from frequency, processing time, and acceptability judgments. I observed the co-occurrence of the ditransitive construction (DC), with various verbs that occur in it. Based on the assumptions of the usage-based model (Langacker 1988, Kemmer and Barlow 2000), which relates semantic knowledge with frequency of usage, I expect that if a construction is semantically highly compatible with a given lexical item, their co-occurrence will be used with higher frequency, compared to cases of lower semantic compatibility. Therefore, if more coercion is involved, lower frequency is predicted. In addition, if coercion is understood as a psychological phenomenon, i.e. as a 'resolution' process during semantic interpretation, greater semantic incompatibility should require greater resolution and hence more processing time (Kemmer 2008). Acceptability judgments of sentences are also predicted to be the result of better or worse compatibility between linguistic elements. To test this hypothesized correlation, first, for the linguistic knowledge about the degree of semantic compatibility, I set up five semantic compatibility categories, according to the degree that the verb implies 'successful transfer of possession' (Goldberg 1995): 1 for the most compatible (e.g. give) and 5 (e.g. stay) for the least. To obtain the frequency pattern, I analyzed a part of BNC spoken data, containing 1,450,000 words. To examine the relative frequency of the verb usage in the DC, I adopted 'collexeme analysis' (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2003) and ranked them based on 'collostructional strength' of each verb, 1 (give) as the most frequently associated with the DC and 49 (drop) as the least. For the experiment, I selected 35 verbs considering semantic compatibility categories and the corpus analysis result, and then constructed 35 sentences where each verb was used as a main verb in the DC like (1).


Urinary incontinence is one of the symptoms that aging people often experience. In an effort to improve their living conditions, we demonstrate a smart diaper system that was developed for incontinence patients. The flexible electrode embedded in the diaper intermittently supplied power to a 433MHz transmitter using a boost circuit and was used for detecting urine volume in a diaper. Our intelligent diaper design enabled signals to be received within 20 meters and Bluetooth signals to be sent to caregivers within 70 meters. The application developed for this system was installed in the caregiver's mobile phone, which can receive Bluetooth data, display urine volume in the diaper and prompt the diaper change timing.


In order to study the propagation mode of rotating detonation wave, the detailed reaction mechanism of hydrogen-oxygen with 9 components and 19 steps is used, and the finite rate chemical reaction model is used for numerical calculation. After ignition, there is a stable collision period in the flow field for a certain period, and the collision extinguishing and new detonation wave generation occur during the mode conversion. By adding nitrogen or argon to the hydrogen-oxygen mixture for dilution, when the dilution ratio increases, the activity of the gas mixture decreases, the height of the combustible gas layer increases, and the temperature of the combustion product after the detonation wave decreases away from the head of the detonation wave, which will reduce the mixture that is burned in advance. There are different degrees of reflected shock at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the upward detonation wave will cause the height change of the detonation wave head and the instability of the flow.


In this work, single and few-layer graphene sheets have been successfully peeled from natural graphite through continuous mechanical exfoliation by a three-roll mill machine with a polymer adhesive. The inspiration takes root in the "Scotch tape" method. Characterizations show that the thickness of the resultant graphene sheets is 1.13–1.41 nm. The presented scalable process can be effective for the high-yield and low-cost production of graphene sheets or in situ fabrication of polymer/graphene nanocomposites.


A 71-year-old Indian male presented with a five-month history of progressive bilateral testicular swelling and swelling of the left orbit or one month duration. Nine months ago, he had undergone four cycles of chemotherapy (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone) for an immunoglobulin A (IgA) lambda multiple myeloma (3.8 grams per decilitre [g/dL]). This was stage 3 according to the International Staging System (ISS) and had no adverse cytogenetics. The patient had undergone six more cycles of treatment prior to presentation. Physical examination revealed gross distension of the left orbital tissues with violaceous colouring (Figure 1A). The abdomen was distended with ascites. Genitourinary examination revealed testicular enlargement (Figure 1B). There was no erythema or warmth associated with either area. Laboratory tests failed to demonstrate monoclonal paraproteinemia, but his lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was elevated at 2068 units per litre (units/L). Abdominal paracentesis revealed a fluid cell count of 16,180 106/L and a fluid LDH of 10,591 units/L. Cytology showed CD138 positivity, 80% for Ki-67, and lambda light chain restriction. These findings supported a diagnosis of dedifferentiated extramedullary multiple myeloma. The prognosis and available management plans were discussed with the patient, and he was discharged to the community to be placed in the care of the palliative care team per his wishes.


The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft is currently in the early part of the orbit phase around the asteroid Eros. Altimeter range measurements from the LIDAR instrument aboard NEAR are processed in combination with the primary tracking data types, including Deep Space Network (DSN) tracking and optical landmark tracking. As a backup observation type, the LIDAR measurements are not used to generate the operational orbits. Analysis of the impact of the altimeter observations on the estimation of the Eros shape model and the NEAR orbits is performed. The analysis includes an assessment of the impact of altimeter observations on solution convergence when different a priori shape models are used and when different combinations of tracking data are used. The effectiveness of using the LIDAR observations to estimate the shape model while holding the orbits fixed is examined, and similarly the effect of estimating the orbits while holding the shape model fixed is examined.


Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is known to be one of the most infectious bacterial pathogens. Natural infections of Francisella tularensis have been found in more than 100 species in nature. Due to the various routes of transmission and dissemination and its high virulence, Francisella tularensis is considered as a category A bioterrorism agent by America Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Tularemia is a severe zoonotic disease with high fatality rate, so it is very important to develop a rapid detection method for this organism. Some detection ways for this pathogenic bacterium Francisella tularensis have been reoported, such as cultivation test, microagglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic assay, polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid hybridization, biosensor, mass spectrometry and gene chip. This article presented an overview of the latest research progress on Francisella tularensis detection from the arspects of bacteriological methods, immunology methods, molecular biology methods.


The paper presents an analysis of scientific and practical development of software-configurable radio monitoring module based on RTL2832U tuner in Simulink environment in order to scan a given ultra-short-wave (VHF) frequency range and perform automatic search, counting and output of the number of broadcasting stations. Given is a structural and circuit diagram of the modernized SDR-receiver (Software Defined Radio) with the inclusion of a balanced mixer, expanding the frequency range of the SDR-receiver from 1.8 GHz to 4.6 GHz. We developed an algorithm for controlling the software architecture of the scanning radio monitoring module, which searches for radio signals in a given band, calculates the spectral power of radio signals, counts the number of detected radio channels.


Levels of heavy metal concentrations in Haemanthus and Mitracarpus scaber were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, copper, manganese and iron in Haemanthus compared with their concentrations in soil indicated their bio accumulation. Cobalt, iron, nickel, manganese and zinc were also bioaccumulated by Mitracarpus scaber. They are hence endemic indicator plant species with potential for use as bioaccumulation, phytoremediation / phytoextraction as interrelationships between these metal concentrations in the soil and their tissues were significant (P<0.05).


Measurements of atmospheric densities have been made with the searchlight technique, using improved instrumentation. The density distributions are sufficiently accurate so that corresponding temperature profiles are readily obtained. The density-temperature equation requires the evaluation of an integration constant, which is accomplished by using radiosonde information and, in addition, considering physically acceptable temperature lapse rates. Five temperature profiles are obtained which represent stratospheric conditions over New Mexico during October 1952. The average height of the temperature maximum is 53 km and the mean value of the temperature maximum is 313°K. The average temperatures are calculated to 67.6 km.


This paper presents a novel WLAN-based system configuration employing Coded Multi-Carrier Code-Division- Multiplexing technology (CMC-CDM), as a potentially superior alternative to the currently standardized Coded OFDM (COFDM) technology. To further improve the performance of the system and reduce its complexity, a new concept of Chase detection is applied at the receiver. A comprehensive investigation has shown that under the appropriate conditions, the proposed system is able to show considerable advantage over COFDM. We believe that this work will contribute to the motivation of deploying CMC-CDM as an alternative approach for Next Generation of wireless systems.


2 MeV arsenic or gallium ions were used to produce nonstoichiometric buried amorphous layers in gallium arsenide. The mechanism of thermally induced regrowth of tlese layers was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Low-temperature annealing resulted in nucleation of high den- sities of stacking faults. This was associated with the local nonstoichiometry of the amorphous layers. After annealing at high temperatures, in arsenic as well as in gaflium implanted samples, two layers of voids, formed in result of vacancies clustering, were found in areas adjacent to the initial location of the amorphous-crystalline interfaces. A qualitative model of the formation of such layers was proposed. PACS numbers: 61.80.Jh, 6l.72.Cc, 61.72.Ff Ion implantation is a commonly used technique for electronic device process- ing. Therefore, in the past decades there have been numerous studies concerning the damage produced b y ion implantation into semiconduction and its thermal recovery. Despite all these investigations there are still many unsolved problems. In this paper, two issues will be discussed. The first concerns the influence of local nonstoichiometry of an amorphous layer on its regrowth (1, 2). The second is the mechanism of formation of layers of voids, during ligh-temperature annealing. Semi-insulating (100) gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers were implanted with 2 MeV arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga) ions at doses of 1 x 10 16 cm -2 and 5 x 10 15 cm -2 , respectively. For both the materials cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that applied doses were high enough to pro- duce buried amorphous layers. After implantation some pieces of the materials were annealed for 20 minutes in selected temperatures between 300°C and 800°C. In order to prevent arsenic outdiffusion from the surface annealing was performed under arsine ambient in MOCVD reactor. Cross-sectional TEM samples were pre- pared afterwards.


NSF/ANSI 53 lead-certified point-of-use filters (POUs) have been distributed to consumers in many cities facing lead-in-water crises including Washington, D.C., Flint, MI, Newark, NJ, and Universit...


The full report on the International Scientific Conference Studying the Russian Language and Entering the Russian Culture as a Method of Adaptation of Migrants to Their Life in Russia» is viewed in the article. The conference was held by the Ural State Pedagogical University and sponsored by Russian Humanitarian Sciences fund.


The relentless trend of falling generalised cost of travel has created a world in which travellers mix local and non-local interactions easily, be it face-to-face or mediated by the various forms of telecommunication. The implications of this change of scale have not yet been fully dis-cussed, as the most relevant literature in sociology generally skirts around its practical implica-tion. The chapter will discuss the interaction between social capital creation, travel and transport policy and to outline how transport policy has to overcome its limits to achieve its goals.


Earlier this year, astronomers announced the discovery of a planet not much bigger than Earth. Dubbed Kepler- 452b, the planet orbits a star like our own sun. Even more exciting, it orbits its star at just about the same distance that Earth orbits the sun, with a year that lasts just 20 days longer than our own. For the first time, astronomers had found a world that could be called-if not an Earth twin-at least a close cousin.