Pseudophakic or intraocular implant (IOL) monovision has been widely used in surgical cataract practice for more than 3 decades. More and more premium IOLs compete presbyopia management, but IOL monovision still remains the most commonly used modality with good spectacle independence and high patient satisfaction. Little attention, however, has been paid to its contraindications and concerns in the ophthalmology literature considering the widely used scope of this modality. Due to the length limitation, those well-known contraindications for IOL monovision will be just briefly mentioned, but those not easily recognizable ones are fully discussed. To author's knowledge, this is the first attempted review to address this important issue. Fuxiang Zhang* Department of Ophthalmology, Henry Ford Health System, USA Fuxiang Zhang Clinics in Surgery Ophthalmic Surgery Remedy Publications LLC., | http://clinicsinsurgery.com/ 2016 | Volume 1 | Article 1084 2 Even within the 120-degree binocular field of view shared with both eyes [12] the difference in image size of the same object with the left and right eyes are potential sourcefor confusion with monovision if the disparity in image size is too large. One of three outcomes will happen: Fusion with increased depth focus without any major issue beside a minor compromise in fine stereopsis as occurs in the majority of patients with IOL monovision; one image can be suppressed, so that only the other is seen, as in amblyopia; If fusion and/or suppression do not occur, two images of a single object are seen with symptomatic diplopia. Theoretically, any external ocular muscle abnormality can compromise binocular function in Panum's fusional area. Anisometropia and aniseikonia are an additional demand on the fusional capacity for patients with monovision. We probably do not need to spend much time with detailed discussion about some well accepted facts: IOL monovision should not be offered to those patients who have history of external ocular muscle (EOM) surgery, diplopia, prism usage; those who have signs of tropia, significant phoria of > 8 prism diopters, or EOM restriction. (Some studies have shown a unique function for extreme monovision to correct symptomatic diplopia, [2,13-15] that will not be discussed in this article). It is important to know that those patients are not good candidates for IOL monovision in most clinical situations. Some ocular conditions, however, are not that easy to recognize as potential contraindications for IOL monovision. This will be the main topic to discuss for this paper. To author's knowledge, this is the first attempted review to address this important issue. Long-standing unilateral traumatic cataract Patients with long-standing unilateral dense cataract, especially traumatic cataract, may already have compromised fusion function. If preoperative strabismus is noted at examination, even if the trauma happened during adulthood, there is a good chance that that patient will have diplopia after cataract surgery [16-18] due to disruption of fusion. Pratt-Johnson [16] reported 24 cases of unilateral longstanding traumatic cataract from 1984 to 1988. All 24 cases had unilateral traumatic cataract and developed intractable diplopia after their vision was restored with IOL or contact lenses to 20/40 or better. None of the 24 cases had a known history of interrupted binocular function prior to their trauma and the average age when trauma occurred was 18 years. There was no central nervous system trauma associated with the ocular trauma and the study noted that risk of diplopia increased if the interval of cataract formation prior to vision restoration reached 2.5 years or longer. The authors also noted that these patients typically had secondary strabismus in the injured eye one year or longer after the injury. It can be difficult or sometimes impossible to accurately evaluate ocular alignment if the vision is very poor and if the strabismus is very small or if it is in the transitional process of becoming deviated. For those patients, warning of the possibility of postoperative diplopia is warranted even if the eyes appear straight. It may worsen the risk if crossed monovision is planned. In this circumstance, therefore, it is reasonable to correct the affected eye aiming for slightly more myopia than the fellow normal eye. After the first eye surgery is done, if postoperative Worth-4-Dot test at that time shows intact fusion with 4 dots at 6 meters, or if 4-diopter base out test does not suggest small central scotoma, or if the patient has good stereo acuity, then it is probably safe to consider IOL monovision option with the fellow eye aiming at plano, if the patient requests spectacle independence. The Worth-4-Dot test, 4DBO prism testand Titmus stereopsis test prior to the first eye surgery in the presence of long-standing dense cataractis typically not possible in the presence of poor vision. Fixation switch diplopia Fixation switch diplopia has been described as an acquired diplopia in adults who have a history of strabismus or amblyopia since childhood [19,20]. With a history of childhood strabismus or amblyopia, the patient may not have diplopia if the affected eye is not the fixation eye. Diplopia can happen if the amblyopic eye starts to be the fixation eye when refractive status changes, such changes can happen as the original fixation eye becomes more myopic (as happens as cataract forms), intentional or unintentional monovision modality introduced, or if an inaccurate refraction prescription is provided. Kushner [19] reported 16 adult patients with fixation switch diplopia. All 16 had a history of strabismus since childhood. Six of the 16 developed diplopia owing to their monovision correction. In all 16 patients, symptoms were completely eliminated when proper optical correction was instituted to encourage fixation with the dominant eye at all viewing distance. Boyd et al. [20] reported a group of 24 patients as "Fixation Switch Diplopia" who had spontaneous intermittent unilateral diplopia. All 24 patients had the following features: When they were asked to demonstrate the production of diplopia, each patient fixed with the non-preferred eye and no suppression was present in the preferred eye; when fixing with the preferred eye, suppression could be demonstrated in the non-preferred eye and the diplopia disappeared. They were all able to alternate fixation, but not able to alternate suppress. There is no alternate suppression present in this entity of patients. Each of the 24 patients also had strabismus onset before age 7 years old and the preferred eye had better vision than the non-preferred eye. The vision of the preferred eye in all cases was 20/20 or better. The severity in the non-preferred eye can be quite variable. In some of the mild cases, the symptom was trivial and 5/24 was even not able to tell the duration of their intermittent diplopia. Vision was only mildly affected at 20/40 to 20/20 level in 17 out of 24 cases. 5 out of 24 had good stereovision with 80 to 40 arcs of seconds. The EOM deviation could be minimal to less than 10 prism diopters. This finding had some similarity with what Parks had noted in his 100 cases of monofixation syndrome21Parks. This study also noted that intermittent fixation switch diplopia happened more if the non-preferred eye vision had good visual acuity. For that reason, the authors intentionally treated some cases by decreasing the vision with glasses in the non-preferred eye. These studies raised an important concern when we do IOL monovision. If we happen to choose the non-preferred eye as distant fixating eye, it may cause fixation switch diplopia. From this perspective, the pretty common practice pattern of routinely choosing the worse eye or denser cataract eye aiming plano and the follow eye for near regardless of dominant eye test may be a concern if we also missed the history. It is important to ask every single prospective patient of IOL monovision: "Do you have a history of an eye turned in or out?" "Can you recall any double vision in your whole life?", "Do you always have one eye weaker than the other eye?". For this entity group, crossed IOL monovision is contraindicated, and conventional IOL monovision should be avoided too so we do not add anisometropia as an extra burden to an already compromised binocular function.


Abstract This article proposes a new Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation ('r') based islanding detection scheme which utilizes negative sequence voltage and voltage unbalance signal. In order to check the legitimacy of the proposed technique, large numbers of non-islanding and islanding events are generated by modeling IEEE 34-bus network. This scheme detects islanding situation even under 0 % power mis-match condition and thus, reduces the non detection zone (NDZ). Furthermore, the proposed technique detects islanding situation quickly as well as remains stable during the critical non-islanding situation like faults on adjoining feeder having varying location and fault resistance. Moreover, the proposed technique remains immune to variation in external system condition and fundamental frequency. The performance of the proposed technique is comprehensively compared with the schemes currently reported in the literature. This comparison apparently demonstrates the benefits of the proposed technique over existing schemes.


Percentage germination has been assessed for zygotes of Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus spiralis, F. vesiculosus and F. serratus, cultured under a variety of irradiance and temperature regimes. High levels of germination (> 80%) were recorded over all irradiance and temperature combinations for all the species of Fucus. Zygotes of P. canaliculata showed little germination under dark conditions but germinated well (between 80 and 90%) under all other irradiance and temperature regimes. The results are discussed in relation to the development of the species and their positions on the shore.


The natural catastrophe at Fukushima Dai-ichi 2011 enlightened the nuclear community. This master thesis reveals the non-negligible risks regarding the short term storage of spent nuclear fuel. The ...


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the sonication fluid cultures (SFC) for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection and compare it with frozen section and periprosthetic tissue cultures. 108 patients underwent revision or explantation procedure for any reason. Frozen sections of intraoperative specimen were analized and multiple periprosthetic samples (at least 5) were collected and cultured. All explanted prosthesis components were subject to sonication and cultured. All cultures were incubated for 14 days. PJI was diagnosed in 52 patients (48%). Sonication achieved the highest sensivity with 95% and specificity of 98%. Frozen section showed low sensivity (44%) and specificity (80%) and periprosthetic tissue cultures showed sensivity of 75% and specificity of 98%. Sonication fluid culture is a cheap, easy, accurate and sensitive diagnostic method and helps to detect about 30% more PJI compared to frozen section and 16% more compared to periprosthetic tissue cultures. It also detect about 25% more pathogens than periprosthetic tissue cultures


Abstract Uranyl ion can be separated from aqueous solution and preconcentrated on XAD‐4 modified with organic reagents. Dibenzoyl methane (DBM), 8‐hydroxy quinoline (oxine), and tri‐n‐octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) were impregnated on the adsorber resin and treated with aqueous solutions containing microgram quantity of uranium. The preconcentrated uranium could be eluted out with dilute acid from the column modified with DBM or oxine, while ammonium bicarbonate was necessary for the elution of uranium from the column modified with TOPO. Uranium in the eluate was determined spectrophotometrically using Arsenazo(III). Adding EDTA to the sample solution could separate uranium from transition metal ions and thorium. The method of preconcentration has been successfully applied to the recovery of uranium from synthetic seawater.


Avocado is a tropical fruit crop grown in Kenya for subsistence, local markets and export. However, its production is faced with challenges of being highly perishable with postharvest losses of up to 40%. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different postharvest treatments on the shelf life and quality in avocado fruits. The fruits of two main export avocado cultivars ( 'Hass' and 'Fuerte' ) were harvested and exposed to 4 postharvest treatments namely; control, wax, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and were laid down in a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations were done for about 3 weeks where relative weight loss (RWL), firmness, fruit skin colour, freedom from diseases and blemishes were recorded. Applying wax, NaOCl or CaCl 2 treatment significantly reduced relative weight loss, blemishes and disease incidence and severity in avocado fruits compared to untreated control. Waxing or CaCl 2 treatment delayed the development of purple skin colour in ' Hass' fruits. Avocado fruits treated with CaCl 2 or wax were firmer than untreated fruits at days 12 and 18. 'Hass' fruits were more firm, had few blemishes and low incidences of disease and severity than 'Fuerte' . Also, the fruits of 'Fuerte' lost more weight than 'Hass' . 'Fuerte' fruits retained green skin colour while 'Hass' fruits gradually changed skin colour from green to purple during ripening. These results suggest calcium salt and waxing are necessary to maintain high fruit keeping quality. This information is useful to growers in order to reduce postharvest losses and prolong the marketing period; thus enabling growers to export avocado to distant markets and diversify export market


The usable power of high-power EUV light sources at 13.5 nm and also the lifetime of source and collector optics are currently considered to be the largest challenges encountered during the transition of EUV lithography from the current beta-tool status to high-volume manufacturing. Fraunhofer IOF Jena has developed cost-effective refurbishment technologies of multilayer-based near normal incidence collector mirrors for high-power laser-produced plasma sources. Presently, the collector mirror lifetime exceeds 80 billion laser pulses which correspond to a lifetime of several months during continuous use of the source. Together with their partners Cymer is currently carrying out a focused program to improve the collector lifetime. New multilayer coatings together with new in-situ cleaning strategies during source operation are key technology development strategies to get closer to the ultimate target of about one year collector lifetime. The paper discusses different LPP collector refurbishment strategies and presents the recent status on collector refurbishment techniques.


A distance antimagic graph is a graph G admitting a bijection f:V(G)→{1,2,…,|V(G)|} such that for two distinct vertices x and y, ω(x)≠ω(y), where ω(x)=∑y∈N(x)f(y), for N(x) the open neighborhood of x. It was conjectured that a graph G is distance antimagic if and only if G contains no two vertices with the same open neighborhood. In this paper, we study several distance antimagic product graphs. The products under consideration are the three fundamental graph products (Cartesian, strong, direct), the lexicographic product, and the corona product. We investigate the consequence of the non-commutative (or sometimes called non-symmetric) property of the last two products to the antimagicness of the product graphs.


We describe the enrichment for and characterization of seven Pleurogrammus monopterygius microsatellite loci. We used (GACA) 4 as an oligonucleotide enrichment probe and screened 484 clones from the enriched library. The seven microsatellite loci include five tetranucleotide, one dinucleotide, and one trinucleotide motif. These markers can potentially be useful tools for use in population genetics studies, parentage analyses, and examining other life history questions.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility and value of screening for fundus diseases with digital nonmydriatic fundus camera in 50-year-old or elder community citizens. Design cross-sectional survey. Participants 3742 residents aged 50-year-old or elder by telephone notices and posters recruitment from Wanshoulu blocks and Tiancun blocks, Haidian district, Beijing. Methods Fundus photos were taken with digital nonmydriatic fundus camera and slit-lamp microscopic examination of the anterior segment of all subjects was performed after visual acuity examination. Cases screened as macular diseases with photos were undergone optical coherence tomography(OCT) examination. Main Outcome Measures Composition ratios of fundus diseases. Results Among all the screened 3742 subjects, 2914 subjects acquired qualified fundus photos, 13 fundus diseases were screened, including retinal arteriosclerosis(37.1%), suspect glaucoma(9.27%), aged-related macular degeneration(6.11%), diabetic retinopathy(2.23%), asteroid hyalosis(0.89%), myelinated nerve fibers(0.58%), retinal vasculitis(0.51%), epiretinal membrane of macula(1.30%), suspect macular hole(1.20%), retinal vein occlusion(0.14%), optic atrophy(0.17%), optic disc macroaneurysm(0.03%), other fundus abnormality(0.32%). Images of macular de-generation, epi-macular membrane and macular hole were compared with OCT scanning, the result consistent rate of the two methods is86.90%. 828 subjects(22.13%) are excluded because their fundus images were unclear and couldn't be analyzed. The rate un-evaluation of fundus images was increasing with aging. Conclusion It is an objective and feasible screening method for fundus disease with digital nonmydriatic fundus camera in most 50-year-old or elder subjects.


The minimum cardinality bin covering problem(MCBCP) is the problem that the size of the object meets certain conditions.Gives a heuristic algorithm and its time complexity is O(n).


8 Recently, Sharifzadeh and Thornhill (2012) proposed a modeling approach for control structure 9 selection using an inversely controlled process model, which benefits from significant complexity 10 reductions. The treatment was based on the property that the inverse solution of a process model 11 determines the best achievable control performance. The present article applies that methodology for 12 integrated design and control of an ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) reactive distillation column. In 13 addition, the simulation-optimization program is reformulated using a penalty function, resulting in 14 less optimization variables and better convergence of the simulation program. While the required 15 computational efforts remain almost at the same level of steady-state process optimization, the 16 process and its control structure are optimized simultaneously and regulatory steady-state operability 17 of the solution is ensured. Finally, dynamic simulation is applied for detailed design of PI control 18 loops. 19 20


Oxaliplatin based chemotherapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in down staging colorectal liver metastases such that patients initially considered to have inoperable disease are able to undergo a potentially curative resection. In addition the use of neoadjuvant Oxaliplatin based chemotherapy has been shown to improve progression free survival following liver resection. Taken together this means that ever increasing numbers of patients are presenting for liver resection having received multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Whilst this approach has many advantages the use of pre-operative chemotherapy has been associated with the development of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) in the liver parenchyma in up to 40% of patients. It is thought that the presence of SOS significantly increase the risks associated with major liver resection. More recent data also suggests that the presence of SOS within the liver may result in poorer disease specific outcomes in the long term and in particular a higher risk of early intra-hepatic recurrence. At present the pathogenesis of SOS in this context is not understood and no treatment exists to either prevent its development or reverse the histological changes in the liver associated with it. The aim of the current study was to develop a reproducible in vivo experimental model of Oxaliplatin induced SOS and to interrogate this to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms which underpin its development. With this knowledge it was hoped that potential therapeutic strategies could be suggested to ameliorate the development of SOS in patients treated with Oxaliplatin based chemotherapy. C57BL/6J mice treated with weekly intraperitoneal injections of Oxaliplatin and 5FU/Leucovorin for 5 weeks develop histological changes of SOS when maintained on a


1. Outline of the Project. This paper is intended to be a progress report on a project in philosophy of science. The immediate stimulus of this report is the eightieth birthday of E. A. Singer, Jr., who was the inspiration of the project, and, needless to say, though responsible for the whole is not responsible for the misconceptions in the specific parts.2 The project lies within the philosophy of science, in a tradition that is not empirical and not "metaphysical," yet is possibly more empirical than positivism and more metaphysical than phenomenology. The project can be characterized as follows: to study the procedures of science without assuming any hierarchy of the sciences. This means that no discipline is to be regarded as fundamental with respect to another. Or, in specific instances, there is nothing in the nature of one problem as such which requires that it be studied prior to certain other problems. In slightly more formal terms, the project consists of constructing a conceptual model of science in which "presupposes" is not asymmetrical in the methodological sense. In order to explain this notion we first say that one problem A, presupposes another B, if the final answering of B requires the final answering of A. Evidently this formulation itself demands more explanation, but for the present, the idea should be simple enough to grasp. A physicist may have to solve a differential equation before he can determine the answer to a problem of mechanics. If so, the problem of mechanics presupposes the problem of mathematics. Now I suppose that normally one would assume that if problem A presupposes problem B, then B does not presuppose A (i.e., that the relation of "'presupposes" is asymmetrical). The practical consequence of this assumption is that if one has shown that A presupposes B, one should tackle B first. In other words there is no onus to prove that B does not presuppose A. Thus, philosophers argue that pragmatics presupposes semantics; do they also prove that semantics does not presuppose pragmatics? Metaphysical problems presuppose an adequate language; do the problems of language presuppose metaphysics? The concepts of physics presuppose the concept of "observables"; does not the concept of "observables" presuppose the concepts of physics? The assumption that problems can be ranked by the relation of "presupposes" has very definite consequences for the design of research for it implies that certain areas cannot be investigated fruitfully until certain other areas have been studied. The project to which I refer is an attempt to conceptualize science in such a manner that "presupposes" is not asymmetrical, that is, problem A may pre-


One of the aging hypotheses is based on the fact that the percentage of water in the human body decreases with age. To a greater extent, the loss of water affects the most energy-dependent organs, such as liver, which undergoes a number of structural compensatory-adaptive changes. The parameters of age-related changes are currently understudied. However, they should be taken into account when determining the actual organ transformations in experiments.
The purpose of the study was to examine the change in the level of total water and liver histostructure in rats during a 75-day observation.
Materials and Methods. The changes in the level of total water in the liver parenchyma were assessed in young outbred intact rats during 75-day observation. The authors examined liver histostructure on sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuchsin (Van Gieson's stain).
Results. A decrease in the level of total water in the rat liver parenchyma by 0.54±0.042 % was observed during a 75-day observation. At the same time, no visible changes were detected in the liver histostructure.
Conclusion. During the trial a decrease in the level of total water in the liver of intact animals was observed. It did not affect the change in liver histostructure.


Increase in identity frauds, crimes, security there is growing need of fingerprint technology in civilian and law enforcement applications. Partial fingerprints are of great interest which are either found at crime scenes or resulted from improper scanning. These fingerprints are poor in quality and the number of features present depends on size of fingerprint. Due to the lack of features such as core and delta, general fingerprint matching algorithms do not perform well for partial fingerprint matching. By using combination of level1 and level 2 features accuracy of partial matching cannot be increased. Therefore, we utilize extended features in combination with other feature set. Efficacious fusion methods for coalesce of different modality systems perform better for these types of prints. In this paper, we propose a method for partial fingerprint matching using score level fusion of minutiae based radon transform and pores based LBP extraction. To deal with broken ridges and fragmentary information, radon transform is used to get local information around minutiae. Finally, we evaluate the performance by comparing Equal Error Rate (ERR) of proposed method and existing method and proposed method reduces the error rate to 1.84%.


The purpose of this study was to determine the age of onset, incidence and severity of neurogenic disease in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of a single breed of competitive horse, the New Zealand Thoroughbred . Some palatal muscles from these horses were also studied to ascertain whether neurogenic disease occurred in them. The left and right dorsal cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, ventricular, vocal, cricothyroid, hyoepiglottic, palatopharyngeal, palatine levator, palatine, and palatine tensor muscles were collected from some or all of 53 Thoroughbred horses. Forty-six of the horses had no history of upper respiratory tract abnormalities, six had suffered from idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia and one from laryngo-palatal dislocation. For comparative purposes similar muscles from three ponies were also studied. The muscles were weighed and then frozen sections were prepared from them. Some of these were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and others to demonstrate the activity of myosin adenosine triphosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase. These sections were then studied to determine the muscle fibre types present and their p roportions. The mean sizes of the groups of myosin adenosine triphosphatase low reacting fibres were measured as were the mean cross sectional areas of the fibres. Abnormal staining characteristics of the fibres were noted along with histological signs of denervation and reinnervation. Where possible this information was analysed to determine the significance of the differences observed between the measured mean values. A difference in weight between some of the left and right laryngeal muscles was found to be very common in Thoroughbred horses with no history of upper respiratory tract abnormalities. The left lateral cricoarytenoid muscle was lighter than the right in approximately half of these horses. This difference was significant between the muscles of these horses over three years of age and was most obvious in the muscles of the geldings. The left and right dorsal crico arytenoid muscles showed similar but not such marked differences. These differences were more obvious in the laryngeal hemiplegic horses.


ABSTRACT The uses and functions of music within the museum environment are of both practical and theoretical interest. This article investigates the impact of background music on the museum visitor experience using information collected from 20 in-depth interviews with visitors to the Laiho Memorial Museum in Taiwan. Each participant heard either a piece of light music or a historical recording of a 1930s song while visiting Laiho's personal study exhibited in the museum. These two types of background music have comparable information loads, although they fit the exhibit to different degrees. Qualitative analysis of interview data indicates that background music played in museums has both emotional and cognitive influences on the visitor experience. This study showed that light music evoked warm and relaxed feelings in participants, whereas a 1930s song evoked feelings of nostalgia and curiosity to learn more about the song. The results are discussed in terms of the diverse needs, behaviors, and attitudes of museum visitors.


Like all economic agents government must actively manage its cash position in order to meet obligations. In the U.S., when the short-term cash position is not adequate, Treasury offers bills that are not previously scheduled— Cash Management Bills. Using data from Treasury's proprietary Domestic Finance Database, this paper finds unscheduled bills have consistently higher yields than normally scheduled bills, suggesting the more inelastic demand represented by this type of finance has an impact on costs. Several factors are identified which contribute to the costs of Cash Management for Treasury.


The Trump administration had extended the restrictions on such funding adopted by earlier Republican administrations I Among the early actions of the incoming US administration of President Joseph R Biden Jr , one of the least surprising was an order reversing the former Trump administration positions on federal funding of reproductive health care The August 1984 announcement by President Reagan of what has become known as the "Mexico City Policy" directed the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to expand this limitation and withhold USAID family planning funds from NGOs that use non-USAID funds to perform abortions, provide advice, counseling, or information regarding abortion, or lobby a foreign government to legalize abortion or make abortion services more easily available [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Energetic ion distributions in the near‐Earth plasma sheet can provide important information for understanding the entry of ions into the magnetosphere and their transportation, acceleration, and losses in the near‐Earth region. In this study, 11 years of energetic proton and oxygen observations (> ~274 keV) from Cluster/Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors were used to statistically study the energetic ion distributions in the near‐Earth region. The dawn‐dusk asymmetries of the distributions in three different regions (dayside magnetosphere, near‐Earth nightside plasma sheet, and tail plasma sheet) are examined in Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The results show that the energetic ion distributions are influenced by the dawn‐dusk interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction. The enhancement of ion intensity largely correlates with the location of the magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause. The results imply that substorm‐related acceleration processes in the magnetotail are not the only source of energetic ions in the dayside and the near‐Earth magnetosphere. Energetic ions delivered through reconnection at the magnetopause significantly affect the energetic ion population in the magnetosphere. We also believe that the influence of the dawn‐dusk IMF direction should not be neglected in models of the particle population in the magnetosphere.


Vomiting is a frequent reason why dogs are brought to the veterinary practice, and it is often mild and self-limiting.1 However, recently the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) has become aware of reports from veterinary surgeons of acute-onset prolific vomiting in dogs in various parts of the UK. We are working to investigate this potential outbreak.

Affected dogs are described as vomiting prolifically (five or more episodes in a 12-hour …


Labour productivity growth in Canada was weaker than that in the United States from the mid-1980s to 2010, leading to a decline in Canada's relative productivity level. This situation was mainly due to the lower multifactor productivity (MFP) growth experienced in most Canadian industries in that period. After 2010, however, the pattern reversed itself as labour productivity growth in Canada exceeded that of the United States. Higher labour productivity growth in Canada for the 2010-2014 period was due to a relatively larger capital deepening effect and relatively higher MFP growth. Both these developments were associated with stronger output growth and stronger demand in Canada. In addition, the contributions of ICT producing and ICT intensive using industries to U.S. labour productivity growth waned after 2010. For Canada, ICT producing industries contributed little to overall labour productivity before and after 2010, while ICT intensive using industries exhibited stronger productivity growth after 2010. The latter may reflect the more moderate ICT investment in Canada compared to the United States in the 1990s and early 2000s and the more gradual realization of benefits of ICT usage.


In the present study, the genus Dogielius and Dogielius forceps Bychowsky, 1936 (Monogenea) was identified in branchial filaments of Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) (Pisces: Cyprinidae) caught from Murat River for the first time in Turkish fish parasite fauna. The study carried out monthly between March 2010 February 2011, and a total number of 80 fish was collected. The distribution of parasitic monogenean prevalance was 37.5%, abundance 1.5 and mean intensity 4. The characteristics of the structure of this parasite species were described and shown in figures. The description and measurements of this parasite were given.


Empirical studies are a cornerstone of HCI research. Technical progress constantly enables new study methods. Online surveys, for example, make it possible to collect feedback from remote users. Progress in augmented and virtual reality enables to collect feedback with early designs. In-situ studies enable researchers to gather feedback in natural environments. While these methods have unique advantages and disadvantages, it is unclear if and how using a specific method affects the results. Therefore, we conducted a study with 60 participants comparing five different methods (online, virtual reality, augmented reality, lab setup, and in-situ) to evaluate early prototypes of smart artifacts. We asked participants to assess four different smart artifacts using standardized questionnaires. We show that the method significantly affects the study result and discuss implications for HCI research. Finally, we highlight further directions to overcome the effect of the used methods.


In Confucius political ideal of "government by virtue",there reposes the idea of spreading Confucian concept of honor or disgrace by promoting education,while Mencius extended and developed this idea from two thinking dimensions: improving individual morals and promoting moral education.The principle and method related closely to moral education was what Confucius claimed as "introspection": a way to guard against the tend that "origin of justice" would be submerged by external material or human desires.In phase theory of moral education,Confucian scholars argued that education of honor or disgrace concept should begin from children and be carried out throughout one's whole life,and among them,Zhu Xi,a neo-Confucian and educator,made great achievements in both theory and practice.


Lactic acid bacteria have been used since ancient times for food preparation and for bio-conservation by fermentation. Selected strains are capable of producing antimicrobial peptides bacteriocins, which can be natural preservatives, especially in products with short shelf lives. The present study is focused on inhibitory effects of the bacteriocin-producing bacteria strains Enterococcus faecium, Pediococccus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum against Listeria innocua as an indicator microorganism. Freeze-dried preparations of bacterial strains producing particular bacteriocins were tested by agar well-diffusion assay and by the traditional spread plate method. Plantaricin exhibited the highest anti-listerial effect among the tested bacteriocins. Pediocin also demonstrated a distinct inhibitory effect, but enterocin appeared to be heat labile and its efficiency was also suppressed under cold storage conditions. Plantaricin reduced Listeria innocua counts by 1 log in dairy spread made from cheese and quark. The formation of bacteriocins by various Lactobacillus plantarum strains were substantially influenced by the cultivation conditions of the mother culture and by the microbial preparation process before freeze-drying. Bacteriocins introduced into foodstuffs via protective cultures in situ offer new perspectives on enhancing food quality and safety.


This dataset contains surface meteorological and ship data from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown, collected 16 February to 16 March 2016. These data have been corrected for known measurement issues when possible and replaced with bad/missing flags when that was not possible, and have been visually screened for physically unreasonable values. These data were collected while the ship sailed from Honolulu, Hawaii to the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys along 140°W and 125°W and then to San Diego, California. Instrument elevations ranged from 5 m below the surface of the ocean to about 16 m ASL (above sea level). The averaging/collection period is 1 minute. The following variables are reported: time at end of averaging or collection period (UTC); air_pressure (hPa); air_temperature (C); relative_humidity (%); wind_speed (m s-1); wind_from_direction (degree); sea_surface_temperature (C), collected at 5m depth; downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air (W m-2); latitude (degree_north); longitude (degree_east); platform_course (degree); platform_azimuth_angle (degree); platform_speed_wrt_ground (m s-1).

During January through March 2016, scientists led by the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division conducted NOAA's El Nino Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign. Its goal was to document the ongoing El Nino episode in great detail, and in ways that could help researchers better understand the ways in which this El Nino affected weather in the United States and the impact of various high-resolution observations on weather forecasts. Intensive observations were collected over the central and eastern Pacific ocean from land, ocean, and airborne platforms during the very strong 2015-2016 El Nino.


Abstract:Using a recent placement at the University of Pennsylvania as its basis, this Annotation explains the processes used to create and edit Name Authorities in the Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts of a particular, underrepresented group within the database: women. The data available at present in the SDBM is skewed towards male collectors and dealers, in part due to the biases implicit in the sources used to create manuscript entries and Name Authorities. Therefore, it is necessary to work on specific highlighted groups such as women in order to combat these biases.The essay will then move to discuss the process of creating and editing Wikidata entries for these women so that the two entries, the SDBM one and the Wikidata one, can be linked. It also argues that given the information about the candidates was usually already digitally present in some way, the data is in essence out there somewhere, it simply needs to be pulled together. In doing so, this paper highlights the importance of linked data and invites further targeted action to be taken for other similarly marginalised groups in the database in addition to women.


Background: Railway related deaths account for approximately one percentage of all fatalities submitted to medicolegal autopsies. The study is undertaken with the aim of better understanding of railway track deaths by analyzing the demographic details of victims and other contributing factors which favours the occurrence of railway track deaths. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of all railway track deaths brought for medicolegal autopsy at Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Kerala, India from 1 st March 2010 to 28 th February 2011 was done. A total of 104 cases of railway track deaths were studied excluding cases with advanced decomposition. Clinical case records were studied in treated cases. details regarding nature dimensions and location of injury was entered in a proforma. The data were entered in MS Excel and statistical analysis was done. Results: Out of 104 cases studied 83 (79.8%) victims were male and 21 (20.2%) victims were female. The lowest and highest age of the victim involved in the study was 15 years and 90 years respectively. Elderly people with impairment of vision and hearing are most vulnerable to such accidents 12.5%. The highest frequency of incidence of railway deaths occurred while crossing the Railway track (32.7%), followed by jumping in front of the train (19.2%) and walking along the side or through track (16.3%). In 17.3% of the cases there was no exact history regarding the incident. The most common types of external injuries were lacerated wound and abrasion. In all the cases head showed lacerated wounds and the upper limbs showed abrasion. Conclusions: Present study concludes that majority of victims were males showing a female ratio 4:1, The peak incidence was noted in the 6 th decade. Most of the victims were manual labourers. Travelling, moving and crossing near railway tracks in intoxicated condition is very usual practice. Survival period was found to be very less.


На основі здійснення теоретичного аналізу європейського освітнього простору визначено тенденції докторської підготовки: правову, реформа тор  ську , пріоритетну, організаційно-освітньої динаміки, організаційно-управлінську ; здійснення наукового керівництва, відповідальності, інтер  націоналізації, мобільності навчання. На основе осуществления теоретического анализа европейского образовательного пространства определены тенденции докторской подготовки: правовую, реформационную, приоритетную, организационно-образовательной динамики, организационно-управленческую, осуществление научного руководства, ответственности, интернационализации, мобиль  ности обучения. There was the academic revolution in the higher education system at the end of the 20 th – beginning of the 21 st centuries, which is characterized by great changes and transformations, primarily globalization. In such conditions on the one hand there appear the opportunity to study and conduct research that go beyond borders, on other hand – the challenge for national culture and autonomy can be seen. The key problem, which can solve the mentioned contradiction, is quality of education at all levels, including doctoral training, as the number of international research projects is increasing. So there should be enlightened the leading trends in doctoral training in the European Educational Space, which influence the doctoral training quality ensuring. Among them: legislative, which is characterized by making the doctoral training legislative framework; reformational, which grounds on transforming all the components of doctoral training; priority, which determines the key direction – ensuring the quality of doctoral education; organizational and educational dynamics, which lies in the rapid increase of doctoral research quantity; pragmatic, which is caused by the profound interest of scientists to third cycle education and research projects realization to solve undecided issues; organizational and managerial, which reflects the culture of managing the doctoral studies structure, doctoral schools and doctoral programs functioning; improving the scientific supervision of doctoral programs that significantly influence the improvement of thesis quality if experienced scientific supervisor managers effectively and young scientist receives qualified assistance; responsibility, which lies in charging the main responsibility concerning the doctoral training quality ensurance on higher education institutions; internationalization connected with cooperation in the field of doctoral education with other countries; mobility for better education to ensure the competitiveness of doctoral studies' graduates on educational and labour markets, reaching the international comparison of educational standards etc. Studying the European experience of doctoral training gives the grounds for improving and if needed reforming the national model of training in aspirantura (PhDs) and preparation in doctorantura (Doctors of Sciences). This will facilitate the improvement of theses effectiveness and quality.


Syngeneic models provide a robust platform to test new and cutting edge immune-oncology therapies. CT26 is a popular syngeneic colon carcinoma model that is known to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors when engrafted into Balb/c mice as a subcutaneous flank tumor. The subcutaneous flank implant location provides a robust model, that is easy to set up, and allows for continuous measurement of the tumor growth by calipering. However, the location of tumor implant has been shown to impact tumor microenvironment and immune response for a number of cancer cell lines (Zhao 2017, Brand 2021, Oliver 2018). In addition to subcutaneous flank tumors, CT26 can be implanted to generate a lung metastasis or peritoneal metastasis model. We were interested to see if the lung metastasis or peritoneal metastasis CT26 model responded differently to immune checkpoint inhibition compared with the subcutaneous model and whether the different implant locations resulted in changes to the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. CT26 cells were either injected intravenously to induce a lung metastasis model, intraperitoneally to produce a peritoneal metastasis model, or subcutaneously to generate a solid flank tumor model. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy began on Day 5 following implant in each model, and tumor progression or survival provided the endpoint for analysis. In addition, tumor infiltrating leukocytes were assessed by flow cytometry to determine differences in the overall tumor microenvironment for each model. The response to both anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monotherapies were strongest in the subcutaneous flank model, followed by moderate responses in the lung metastasis model, and no significant response to either ICI in the peritoneal metastasis model. This provides researchers with an opportunity to assess the ability of novel immune-oncology therapies to provoke an immunogenic response in models with identical antigenicity, but different tumor microenvironments based on the tumor location.
 Citation Format: Fei Zhao, Caitlin Thompson, Nicole Barnes, José Roques, Terrence Coleman, Tyler Rowe, Joseph Kolb, Chassidy Hall, Patrick Fadden. Site specific tumor microenvironments modulate the immune checkpoint inhibitors response in models of CT26 colon carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2872.


The study aimed to examine the self-esteem and academic achievement of the higher secondary students of Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. 90 participants were collected through purposive sampling (MBOSE) (n=45) and (CBSE) (n=45) of West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale was used to measure the sample's self-esteem. Academic Achievement of the students was measured by their score of the forgoing exam. The study exposes that academic achievement of the students under study does not have any influence on their self-esteem in two different educational settings though large difference was found in their academic achievement.


Performance criteria of three-phase PFC converters improve significantly with increasing the switching frequency, and highly depend on the control strategy used. This paper introduces a novel sensorless 60/spl deg/-clamping vector classification PWM technique for three-phase PFC converters. The proposed scheme needs no current sensor and extra calculation for identification the highest current carrying phase that must not be switched. In addition, classification algorithm offers exact positioning of the switching instants with less computational efforts and therefore shorter sampling period and higher switching frequency are possible, when compared with conventional SVM algorithms. In addition, to reduce the switching and conduction losses a novel switching pattern is presented in this paper. Simulation results on PSCAD/EMTDC software program, confirm the validity of the analytical work.


Local anesthetic mixtures are used for peripheral nerve blocks to accelerate the onset time of sensorial and motor blocks. Brachial plexus blocks provide a useful alternative to general anesthesia for upper limb surgery. Also certain drugs like opioids,α2 adrenergic agonist, sodium bicarbonate,neostigmine, adrenaline, ketamine etc. are used as adjuvant to local anesthetics to lower doses of each agent and enhance analgesic efficacy while reducing the incidence of adverse reactions. In this study we compared the effect of tramadol versus placebo as adjuvant to bupivacaine for brachial plexus block, by supraclavicular approach, for upper limb orthopedic procedures of moderate duration. After receiving institutional ethical committee approval study was conducted in 50 patients of ASA I or II status in the age group of 18-50 years. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in group A received 30ml 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline(1:2,00,000), 10ml bupivacaine 0.5% and 1ml saline while those in group B received 30ml 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline(1:2,00,000), 10ml bupivacaine 0.5% with tramadol(100mg). Both groups were compared for the duration of satisfactory analgesia from the time when the block war performed and the time for first administration of rescue analgesic.


Objective — to study the functional changes of cultivate hippocampal dissociated cells under the micropolarization (MP) of in vitro inflammatory process modeling. Methods and subjects. The experiments were carried out with hippocampal cell cultures. A special MP device for cellular cultures has been developed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for modeling of the inflammatory process. The viability and mitochondrial activity of cultured cells were evaluated using LDH‑ and MTS‑tests, respectively. Results. The most effective concentration of LPS was found while the modeling the inflammatory process on hippocampal cell culture. The micropolarization mode was optimized for studying of MP effects in vitro under conditions of neuroinflammation modeling. Using LDH‑test, it was found that the viability of the hippocampal cells was significantly lowered at LPS 10 mg/ml. MP (0.25 mV during 4 h) increased the resistance of cultured cells to LPS. It has been shown that MP significantly enhances mitochondrial activity under normal conditions, and also normalizes cellular metabolism at LPS (MTT‑test). Conclusions. The conditions for experimental MP study in vitro in the modeling of the inflammatory process of the neuronal tissue have been optimized. It was found that MP activates the hippocampal cells under normal conditions and improves their viability and functional activity at LPS.


A method is described for the large scale preparation of plasminogen from plasma fraction I — III. The method involves extraction with EDTA of inactive proteins from fraction I — III. separation of plasminogen from the accompanying fibrinogen at moderately acidic pH (3.6), precipitation of plasminogen at its isoelectric point (5.5), and utilization of the solubilizing effect of lysine on plasminogen for re‐extraction of the latter from its isoelectric precipitate. With a 30% recovery rate, this simple and time saving method yields a 300 fold purification of the plasminogen.


An article such as a shirt is packaged using a frame which has first and second flat panels (11, 12) joined by a hinge which enables the panels to be folded on top of each other with the shirt folded around the panels. The hinge bends to form a curved transition between the panels to avoid creasing of the shirt. The panel 12 may have an upstanding tab 13 for insertion in the shirt collar.


Abstract We prove ${{L}^{p}}({{\mathbb{T}}^{2}})$ boundedness, $1\,<\,p\,\le \,2$ , of variable coefficients singular integrals that generalize the double Hilbert transform and present two phases that may be of very rough nature. These operators are involved in problems of a.e. convergence of double Fourier series, likely in the role played by the Hilbert transform in the proofs of a.e. convergence of one dimensional Fourier series. The proof due to C.Fefferman provides a basis for our method.


We have developed a new evolutionary synthesis code, which incorporates the output from chemical evolution models. We compare results of this new code with other published codes, and we apply it to the irregular galaxy NGC 1560 using sophisticated chemical evolution models. The code makes important contributions in two areas: a) the generation of synthetic populations with time-dependent star formation rates and stellar populations of different metallicities; b) the extension of the set of stellar tracks from the Geneva group by adding the AGB phases for $m_{\rm i}/M_\odot \geq 0.8$, as well as the low mass stars. Our code predicts spectra, broad band colors, and Lick indices by using a spectral library, covering a more complete grid of stellar parameters than previous models. The application of the code to the galaxy NGC 1560 constrains the star formation age of its stellar population at around 10.0 Gyr.


Diadumenianus (208–18 ce; PIR2 O 107) was the son of Macrinus (Marcus Opellius Macrinus Augustus), the Praetorian Prefect who became emperor after orchestrating the murder of the emperor Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) in 217. Only nine years old, Diadumenianus was nevertheless named Caesar by his father, and, according to Dio (78.17.1), the Senate gave him patrician rank and the title Princeps iuventutis. In 218, when Julia Maesa and Julia Soaemias spurred the Roman troops in Syria to revolt by presenting Soaemias' son Elagabalus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) as the son of Caracalla, Macrinus declared his son co-Augustus (Cass. Dio 78.31; Lovenjak 2004). As the conflict in Syria intensified, Macrinus sent Diadumenianus to Artabanus, the king of Parthia. Claudius Pollio, however, captured the boy at Zeugma; he was slain at Antioch and his body kept unburied so that Elagabalus could view it (Cass. Dio 78.39–40.1). Both Diadumenianus and his father were subjected to Damnatio Memoriae.

Keywords:

biography;
Roman history


This paper takes Confucianism in the pre-qin dynasty,Taoism Weijin Metaphysics and Zen Buddhism as examples to analyse some typical several languages view in China traditional culture.


Formation is one of the critical step in lead acid battery manufacturing process. The purpose of formation process is to convert the cured paste into electrochemically active porous paste i.e. lead dioxide as positive plate and sponge lead as negative plate respectively. In the present work we studied " Improving formation efficiency of lead acid battery using hydrogen peroxide as an additive". This additive is oxidizing in nature. When this additive is subjected to high temperature or dissolved in water, it releases nascent oxygen. The nascent oxygen reacts with semi-conductive lead monoxide and converts it as conductive lead dioxide. The presence of lead dioxide in cured paste thus increases conductivity of plate and reduces the formation energy required for conversion during formation. So, to establish the impact of this additive on lead dioxide conversion and formation energy, samples made with and without addition of hydrogen peroxide. From XRD analysis, conversion of formed paste and formed cell discharge capacity test, it was observed that this additive can reduce the formation energy potentially up to 20%.


During the study was developed and introduced into clinical practice a non-invasive morpho-functional index, using which were examined 46 patients with focal liver formations. The study demonstrated pronounced correlation biochemical indicators, authentically reflecting changes in liver function, and meanings of "resectional index", developed by the authors, defined at the preoperative stage. Was analyzed postoperative complications, defined value of the "resectional index", the excessing of which statistically significantly increased the risk of severe postoperative hepatic failure.


Suppose you give each student in a classroom a list of ndistinct numbers.Any two lists may have from zero to nnumbers in common. Each studentrandomly picks one number from his or her list. According to your intuition,is each of the following true or false?1. The probability that two students will pick the same number is largestif all the lists are identical.2. The probability that two adjacent students will pick the same numberis largest if all the lists are identical. \Adjacent" means \sitting nextto each other in the same row or column."For most of us, our intuition says: \Obviously both are true." But,surprisingly, only the ¯rst one is! Try to ¯nd a counterexample to thesecond statement before reading any further. Hint: there is a simple onewith only six students and n= 2. For more fun, you can also try provingthe ¯rst statement is true.


The invention relates to a device for producing novel plasma photonic crystal with five refractive indexes and a method for producing the novel plasma photonic crystal with five refractive indexes. The discharging condition is that the thickness of a discharging gap is 2.0mm, impressed voltage is 3.5-5.1kV, frequency is 55-60kHz, discharging gas is 99.1%-99.9%Ar, the remainder is air, air gap pressure is 0.6-0.8atm, temperature range is 285-320K, and humidity range is 70%-90%. According to the device and method, the conditions of the discharging gap, the impressed voltage amplitude and frequency, the content of argon and the like are changed, while the size of a water electrode is optimized, a temperature control adjusting device and a humidity control adjusting device are added, and four types of plasma channels formed by a plasma sheet, a thick plasma column and two types of plasma columns are obtained. The novel plasma photonic crystal structure with the five refractive indexes is formed by the plasma channels and a periodic arrangement self-organization in a non-discharging area. The novel plasma photonic crystal structure is more complex and has wider application prospects.


Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a prodrug, i.e. inative substance converted in vivo, after absorption to the active form deesterified tenofovir, which acts as an inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase. To better understand the toxic effects of these drugs in the environment, three organisms were tested, the effective concentration (EC50) and inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tenofovir disoproxil that resulted in 50% growth inhibition of Microcystis novacekii, 50% immobilization of Artemia salina, and 50% loss of bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeri were evaluated. The EC50 value after 96 h of treatment for the cyanobacterium was 161.01 (156.81 - 165.21) mg·L-1; the IC50 value for A. salina after 24 h of treatment was 111.82 (103.18 - 120.45) mg·L-1; and the IC50 at 15 min for A. fischeri was 14.83 (13.87 - 15.79) mg·L-1. The test organism most sensitive to the drug was A. fischeri, indicating the importance of using representative models at different trophic levels to assess the potential risk of drugs for environmental toxicity. These results highlight the possible effect of tenofovir disoproxil on decomposer organisms, which may contribute to the environmental persistence of this drug.


The paper suggests a beam element model for nonlinear analysis of concrete frames and arches. Nonlinear behavior and cracking of concrete, yielding of reinforcement bars, large displacements, and nonconservative loading effects are considered. Time-dependent creep effects are also included. A model for bond slip of reinforcement bars is proposed. Several examples show good agreement with analytical and experimental results reported in the literature. The present method is efficient and has proved to be a very useful tool in design of concrete structures.


Multi-task long-range autonomous driving in urban areas is a challenging task. Traditional methods are not applicable to situations with high-dimensional observations. Current reinforcement learning (RL) based algorithms are able to train agents to utilize high-dimensional signals for vehicle control and accomplish short-range tasks. However, current RL methods do not work well on multi-task long-range urban driving tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel Hierarchical-planning and Spatial-encoding-based Multi-task Reinforcement Learning (HSMRL) model for the autonomous driving problem in urban areas. For long-range tasks, global routes are planned in real-time based on the A* algorithm, and short-range tasks are constructed based on the global routes, through which the short-range tasks are regarded as sub-tasks of long-range tasks. Then the short-range task information is efficiently encoded using spatial encoding, and the short-range tasks are accomplished by RL algorithms. We also prove that under our settings, multiple autonomous driving tasks are capable of training a shared policy. Experiments show that our method can stably accomplish the multi-task long-range driving tasks and performs significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods.


This method for analyzing total nitrogen (TN) in freshwaters is based on the persulfate oxidation of nitrogen to nitrate, followed by the analysis of this nitrate by a modified version of the sodium salicylate method. The method is simpler than other reported techniques for TN in oligotrophy and mesotrophic waters and requires equipment readily available in most laboratories. The method is linear to 1000 μg N/L, with the range extendable by changing the sample size. The variability is lowest (coefficient of variation 6.6%) between 100 and 1000 μg N/L. We have successfully used the method for the determination of TN, as well as dissolved nitrogen (DN) on filtered samples and nitrate on nonoxidized samples.


Bosnia, the Bridge, and the Ball views the development and demise of twentieth century Yugoslavia from the perspective of FK Velez Mostar and its fan base. Themes from Bosnian history, the growth of organized football in the post-world war era, and the development of the modern Bosniak identity are interwoven and manifested in the unique ideology of Velez's followers – the Red Army. Bosnia, the Bridge, and the Ball suggests that in a state whose viability depends on reconstruction and reconciliation, the emergence of Bosnia-Hercegovina as a footballing nation could engineer the bridge-building that still eludes peace-makers and politicians.


Abstract A series of novel hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyurethanes (HBPUs) were synthesized via stepwise polymerization by diethanolamine (DEOA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and trimethylolpropane (TMP). It is interesting to note that the HBPUs can be purified by water. The HBPUs were characterized with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis. The average degree of branching (DB) of HBPUs was calculated from the first generation to the fourth generation to be 1.00, 0.74, 0.59 and 0.57 by quantitative 13C NMR, respectively. The branching model and molecular structure of HBPUs were deduced by the 13C NMR and the value of DB. To investigate the changes of hydrogen bonding interaction in HBPUs with a variation in structure of different generations, the deconvolution of FT-IR spectra was carried out using Origin 7.0 software through the Gaussian curve-fitting method. The ratio of hydrogen-bonded -NH and -OH groups of HBPUs was calculated to be 80.8%, 85.1%, 84.8% and 85.4% from the first generation to the fourth generation by deconvoluted -NH and -OH zone, respectively. The interaction of hydrogen bonding and glass transition temperature (Tg) of HBPUs increased with the increase of generation. The trend of thermal stability and Tg coincide with the change of hydrogen-bonded interactions.


Objective: To determine if the side of an ischemic stroke (IS) is associated with the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hypothesizing that right-sided IS may cause agnosia and consequently inaccuracies in reporting last known normal times, leading to higher rates of ICH. Background: Studies have found that patients with right-side IS present to the ED later, are less likely to receive IV-tPA, and have worse outcomes than patients with left-side IS. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective, matched, case-control study of adult IS patients treated with IV-tPA at a Comprehensive Stroke Center (1/2016–9/2016). Patients who developed ICH (asymptomatic or symptomatic; cases) were individually matched to those without ICH (controls) 1:1 on age (±10yrs), stroke severity (NIHSS, ±5 points), and time to IV-tPA (±30 min). We examined differences between the cases and controls univariately and assessed the paired relationship between the side of IS and ICH with McNemar's test. Results: Of 191 IS patients who received IV-tPA, 45 (24%) developed an ICH. After excluding basilar/bilateral strokes (n=2) and ICH patients unable to be matched (n=13), there were 30 cases and 30 controls well matched for age, NIHSS, time to IV-tPA, and other covariates. Of the 30 ICHs, 27 (90%) were asymptomatic; 3 (10%) were symptomatic. A larger percentage of patients with ICH received intra-arterial therapy compared to patients without ICH (60% vs 37%, p=0.07). Strokes were left-sided in 57% of cases and 60% of controls (p=0.79). No significant relationship was found between the paired data; among cases and controls, there were 17 pairs with concordant stroke sides and 13 discordant pairs (7 right-left and 6 left-right, respectively) (p=0.78). Conclusions: In patients who received IV-tPA, ICH was not more likely to occur in patients with a right-side, compared to a left-side IS, after controlling for age, severity, and time to tPA. Disclosure: Dr. Bartt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leonard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salottolo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nieberlein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bar-Or has nothing to disclose.


Polymorphism in the peripheral sensory system (e.g., congenital individual differences in photopigment configuration) is important in diverse research fields, ranging from evolutionary biology to engineering, because of its potential relationship to the cognitive and behavioral variability among individuals. However, there is a gap between the current understanding of sensory polymorphism and the behavioral variability that is an outcome of potentially complex cognitive processes in natural environments. Linking peripheral sensor properties to behavior requires computational models of nervous processes transforming sensory representations into actions, based on quantitative data from physiological and behavioral studies. Recently, studies based on machine vision approaches are shedding light on the quantitative relationships between sensory polymorphisms and the resulting behavioral variability. To reach a convergent understanding of the functional impacts of sensory polymorphisms in realistic environments, a close coordination among physiological, behavioral, and computational approaches is required. Aiming at enhancing such integrative researches, this paper provides an overview for the recent progresses in those interdisciplinary approaches, and suggests effective strategies for such integrative paradigms.


Purple fringing is a form of aberration due to the imperfection of optics and sensor. It is an undesirable color fringe that should be removed in a color digital image. This paper proposes a novel method to detect and remove purple fringing in narrow region. Gradient information is used to identify edge transition region, and chromaticity information inside the transition region is used to detect purple fringing. Then, purple fringing is eliminated using the distribution of chromaticity values. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


We have investigated the development of axisymmetric mantle plumes in a compressible mantle with temperature‐dependent viscosity, using two different values for the thermal activation energy. Thermodynamic parameters were based on realistic Earth values in the shallow mantle. We assumed a compressible mantle with a phase transition and a two layer viscosity structure (mantle 30 times more viscous beneath the phase change). A dramatic transition in plume dynamics occurred as the thermal activation energy was increased from 250 to 500 kJ mol−1. A "mega‐plume" was formed from the merging of small‐scale instabilities swept into the plume's axis, rapidly flushing the entire contents of the hot thermal boundary layer into the upper mantle. Hot plume material with a temperature anomaly of 250 K reached the lithosphere for our assumed temperature drop of 500 K across the base of the mantle. Viscous heating over four orders of magnitude greater than chondritic radiogenic sources was observed during the initial plume‐lithosphere interaction.


Based on new ventures and its features,this paper studies the relationship between customer relationship quality and growth performance from the perspective of internal capability upgrade and application.The study found that customer relationship quality and internal capability has a positive influence on growth performance,but customer relationship quality as an indirect factor only influences growth performance indirectly.The study also found that internal capability is a direct factor playing the role of mediator between customer relationship quality and growth performance.


A BSTRACT . This paper will focus on nonlinear non-autonomous abstract evolution equations with Riemann-Liouville's fractional derivative. The new concepts of classical and mild solutions will be introduced to carry out the study of solvability. Our methods base on the analysis semigroup theory, probability density function, fixed point technique and compactness technique. The main results could be applied to the time variable fractional diffusion equations.


Optimizing risk measures such as Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) is often a difficult problem, because 1) the loss function might lack structural properties such as convexity or differentiability, since it is usually generated via black-box simulation of a stochastic system; 2) evaluation of CVaR usually requires rare-event simulation, which is computationally expensive. In this paper, we study the extension of the recently proposed gradient-based adaptive stochastic search (GASS) method to the optimization of CVaR. Instead of optimizing CVaR at the risk level of interest directly, we propose to initialize the algorithm at a small risk level, and then increase the risk level at each iteration adaptively until the target risk level is achieved, while the algorithm converges to an optimal solution of the original problem. It enables us to adaptively reduce the number of samples needed to estimate the CVaR at each iteration, and improves the overall efficiency of the algorithm.


The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) over a period of 35 days on the growth performance, dressing parameters, serum biochemical parameters and profitability of broiler meat. Day old broiler chicks (n = 320) were randomly assigned to five dietary groups, each with four replicates. The dietary treatment groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), NLP 0.25% (basal diet + 0.25% NLP), NLP 0.375% (basal diet + 0.375% NLP) and NLP 0.50% (basal diet + 0.50% NLP). Results showed that the body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatment groups. Body weight and body weight gain were higher in antibiotic, NLP 0.25% and NLP 0.375% group compare to the NLP 0.50% group. Total feed intake was not different significantly (P>0.05). Better (P<0.05) FCR was observed in NLP 0.25% group as such as antibiotic group compare to the control and NLP 0.50% group. The results also showed that dressing parameters were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the dietary groups. Serum glucose, triglyceride, GOT, GPT and cholesterol level were non-significant (P>0.05) among the dietary groups. However, HDL was significantly (P<0.05) higher in NLP 0.25% group compared to the control group. Higher profitability was found in NLP-0.25% group and antibiotic group when all the birds were sold at market price. It can be concluded that the addition of NLP to broiler diet had a positive effect on growth performances but no negative effect on dressing parameters and serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, NLP at the level of 0.25% increases HDL level and improve profitability. It can be suggested that neem leaf powder up to 0.375% could be potential feed additive in broiler diet.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (2): 114-122


Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies are increasingly applied to 25 large population cohorts, which run for several weeks or even years in data acquisition. This 26 inevitably introduces unwanted intra- and inter-batch variations over time that can overshadow true 27 biological signals and thus hinder potential biological discoveries. To date, normalisation approaches 28 have struggled to mitigate the variability introduced by technical factors whilst preserving biological 29 variance, especially for protracted acquisitions. Here, we propose a study design framework with an 30 arrangement for embedding biological sample replicates to quantify variance within and between 31 batches and a novel workflow that uses these replicates to remove unwanted variation in a 32 hierarchical (hRUV) manner. We use this design to produce a dataset of more than 1,000 human 33 plasma samples run over an extended period of time. We demonstrate significant improvement of 34 hRUV over existing methods in preserving biological signals whilst removing unwanted variation 35 for large scale metabolomics studies. Our novel tools not only provide a strategy for large scale data 36 normalization, but also provides guidance on the design strategy for large omics studies.


This paper investigated relations of personality values and subjective wellbeing. We examined how values influence life satisfaction of 234 Macedonian and 230 Ukrainian young adults who provided data on personality values (PVQ, Schwartz, 1994 [32]) and life satisfaction (Diener et al., 1985[10]). Hypothesized direct relations of types of values to well-being based on "healthy" (self-direction, stimulation, achievement, benevolence, universalism) and "unhealthy" (power, security, conformity, tradition) values were tested in each sample. Results showed that a) Ukrainians compared to their Macedonian peers reported higher scores on all values except for power; b) conformity and security values correlated with well-being, as predicted, but only in the Macedonian sample. Results partly supported our hypotheses regarding the values conducive to well-being among students in both countries. Findings are discussed in terms of values' influence for wellbeing of youth in Macedonian and Ukrainian contexts.


Context-awareness has emerged as a key area of research in mobile and ubiquitous computing. Context-aware systems aim to sense the user's context and use this information to proactively adapt their behaviour to the user's personal needs. The context of a person is usually defined as a combination of different personal and environmental factors. Among these factors, physical activity is widely considered to be one of the most important contextual cues. Accordingly, machine recognition of human physical activity has attracted considerable research interests in recent years. Advances in activity recognition were traditionally achieved by using modalities such as body posture and gestures, interactions between people, or by combining on-body and ambient sensors. Despite these advances, activity recognition systems that use such modalities are limited with respect to the types and complexity of activities they are able to detect. In addition, activity recognition using more subtle cues, such as user attention or intention, or recognition that takes into account cognitive aspects of a user's activity, such as the experience or task engagement, remains largely unexplored. The current work introduces eye movement analysis as a novel modality for context inference and cognitive-awareness. The movements our eyes perform as we carry out different activities reveal much about the activities themselves. In the same manner, location or a particular environment influence our eye movements. Finally, unconscious eye movements are strongly linked to a number of cognitive processes of visual perception. This link to cognition makes eye movements a distinct source of information on a person's context beyond physical activity and location. Eventually, information derived from eye movements may allow us to extend the current notion of context with a cognitive dimension, leading to so-called cognitive-aware systems. This thesis comprises six scientific publications that address five aims of the work: (1) to introduce eye movement analysis as a modality for contextawareness and activity recognition as well as a trailblazer for cognitive-aware systems; (2) to develop a wearable and self-contained eye tracker for longterm eye movement recordings based on electrooculography (EOG); (3) to investigate eye gestures continuously detected from EOG signals for real-time eye-based human-computer interaction; (4) to develop an architecture for eyebased activity recognition comprising eye movement features and algorithms for EOG signal processing and eye movement analysis; and (5) to recognise daily life activities from eye movement data in natural mobile and stationary settings using this architecture. This work developed the so-called wearable EOG goggles, an embedded eye tracker that in contrast to common systems using video relies on EOG. Challenges associated with wearability, eye movement analysis, and signal artefacts caused by physical activity were addressed with a combination of a light-weight mechanical design, robust algorithms for eye movement detection, and adaptive EOG signal processing. The final system features real-


Long ago and far away in the imaginary land of Wal, there lived an elephant and a butterfly. One day they met, fell hopelessly in love and decided to get married and raise a family. Realizing an obvious problem or two with the match, they agreed the elephant would speak to the king in an effort to find a solution to their dilemma. Upon speaking to the king, the elephant was promptly referred to the owl for consultation. On hearing the elephant's story, the owl quickly responded with conviction. "The solution is simple," he said. "Become a butterfly!" Happy he had found a solution to the problem, the elephant returned to the jungle only to reappear before the owl a few weeks later. "You've given me some excellent advice," said the elephant. "But how do I become a butterfly?" "That's your problem," said the owl. "I just make policy. I don't implement it."


A PL/I system has been implemented which automatically collects and saves information on every program compiled and executed. This note describes some of the analysis that has been performed on approximately 9,000 of these collected programs.


In this paper, an investigative study has been made on the performance evaluation of encrypted text message transmission in 5G compatible multiuser frequency-domain subband superposed (FDSS) scheme implemented MIMO OFDM wireless communication system. The 2×2 multiantenna configured simulated system under consideration incorporates modern channel coding (LDPC and Repeat and Accumulate (RA)) and signal detection (Cholesky decomposition based ZF detection, Group Detection (GD) approach aided Efficient Zero-Forcing (ZF) and Lanczos method based efficient signal detection) techniques. In the scenario of transmitting encrypted text message over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels, it is noticeable that implementation of Repeat and Accumulate channel coding and Group Detection (GD) approach aided Efficient Zero- Forcing (ZF) signal detection techniques is very much robust and effective in retrieving transmitted text messages for all users.


The article designs an Enterprise patent strategy system including patent information organization,technology innovation,application,implementation,and defense strategy five types of enterprise patent strategy.After introducing SWOT Analysis and the decision-making based on SWOT Analysis,and designs a patent strategy choice cycle based on the SWOT Analysis,and formulates SO,ST,WO,WT four types of patent strategy.


period of mass protest." (210) McNally suggests that now is an auspicious time for the radical left to "relearn some old lessons about mass politics" as new categories of from the "exploited majority" may be poised to enter resistance movements. (211) A new language may be needed to galvanize a movement, with worker organizations collaborating to coordinate collective resistance. Whose Streets? could be read as an insider's articulation of experiences, differences, and analyses to be circulated and discussed by essentially the same people who contributed to it. The text generates dialogue amongst activists and progressives, occasionally challenging left sectarianism. It shares insights and strategies, and offers a deepening analysis in an ongoing struggle for social justice in a global-capitalist era of austerity. Finally, the book can be seen as a refusal to silence dissent in the aftermath of frightening rights violations. These are all laudable achievements but I think the importance of Whose Streets? goes beyond a readership of the already converted. It is an insider's history and analysis – a passionate, multi-layered portrait that shows honest differences within a diverse, radical social justice movement as well as impressive solidarity and common ground. It describes a national event of great importance (the largest mass arrest in Canadian history, in the context of a security operation priced at over a billion dollars) and an international moment in which fundamental currents of the times are being questioned and challenged. The book is a window into a movement of movements as well as an introduction into the global configurations and currents to which it is a response. It warrants a broad and diverse readership, within and beyond the academy. Tara Milbrandt University of Alberta Patrizia Gentile and Jane Nicholas, eds., Contesting Bodies and Nation in Canadian History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press 2013)


Background: This study was designed to identify overtransfusion- triggering clinical factors in patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. Methods: The discharge hematocrit was chosen for evaluation. Estimated red cell loss for each patient during the admission was calculated by the differences between admission and discharge hematocrit, multiplied by patient whole blood volume. Total RBC lost was then determined by the sum of RBC volume lost plus the RBC volume transfused. RBC transfusion was considered appropriate if given to replace RBC volume lost in excess of 15% of the RBC volume in each patient at admission. Comparison of transfusion practice was done on the basis of sex, age, preoperative hematocrit, surgical procedure and anesthetic method. Results: Forty-six (37.7%) of 122 patients were identified to have been transfused with red cell volumes in excess of red cell volumes lost. Significant differences for patients transfused in excess of needs were found by sex (52.4% of women vs. 22.0% of men, P = 0.001) and by preoperative hematocrit (71.4% of patients with lower hematocrit vs. 24.1 % of patients with higher hematocrit, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Preoperative hematocrit and sex can be a overtransfusion-triggering index.


Study on the localizing evolution process of small and medium sized enterprises (SME) ventured by SMNC in China. In this process, SME evolutes according to the model from the production centers to the sales center and then to R & D center, it's critical success factors are: niche strategy, continuous technological innovation and organization change, strategic human resources management and good partnership with customers and suppliers. Taking SMFE of US as the example, it is shown that the core technologies competence is the localization impelling force of SMNC, through the multi-level fuzzy matrix quantification.


(57) Abstract: In the axial direction, the collimator is Ogigata beam collimator. In transverse direction, the collimator has a pair of central enlarged fan-shaped beam which is provided between the two sets of peripheral expansion fan-shaped beam.


In this report an experimental and computiational study of the flow behind a two-dimensional square roughness element placed in a laminar boundary layer on a flat plate is described Numerical solutioins of the two-dimensional N-S equations were obtained by the MAC(Marker-and-Cell)method. The experiment was carried out in a low-turbulence wind tunnel. The flow behind the roughness element consisted of a separated region and an external layer. There was no mass transfer between these regions. The computational and the experimental results for these regions were compared. The extent of the separated region depends on κ / δ*κ, where κ is the height of the roughness element and δ*κ is the displacement thickness at the roughness element. When κ / δ*κ is less than a critical value, the computational results agree with the experimental results. The boundary-layer flow separates at the roughness element and returns at 70-κ to the laminar boundary layer. In this case the length of the separated region increases with κ / δ*κ. When κ / δ*κ is larger than the critical value, the length of the separated region decreases with increasing κ / δ*κ, but the computational results do not agree with the experimental ones.


This paper deals with the analytical integration over the linearly interpolated triangular boundary element involved in an indirect boundary element method (IBEM) for solving three dimensional potential problems. The analytical solutions of all the IBEM integrals are derived using the Matlab Symbolic Math Toolbox, with most of the deriving works carried out by computer, and accompanied by a few crucial manual rectifications and integrating techniques. Compared with the presently published kindred analytical solutions, the computer-produced and human-rectified ones take much less tedious manual work and have their own advantages in implementation, such as convenience for programming, and no need to trace the relevant literature for detailed expressions, etc. A calculation test is also carried out to justify the analytical solutions.


Abstract 1. The relation between the internal friction, which is responsible for heat formation during the dynamic deformation of unloaded vulcanizates of butadiene-styrene rubber, and the content of combined sulfur, which was changed within the limits of 0.5 to 26 per cent in the rubber, was studied. 2. It is shown that internal friction and the related relaxation properties do not depend on the percentage of combined sulfur up to 9.0 per cent. Further increase of the combined sulfur content causes a sharp increase of the internal friction of the rubber. 3. For the same vulcanizates of butadiene-styrene rubber, the equilibrium stress, as well as its energy and entropy components, were measured. It is shown that in vulcanizates which contain combined sulfur in proportions not greater than 8.0 per cent, the nature of the stress is predominantly entropic. Further increase of the combined sulfur content causes an increase of the energy component of the stress. 4. Proceeding from the values of the entropy com...


The concept of public interests is used in law, politics and sociology. In the law domain, it has close relations with public power or private rights, so it is an important concept. Public interests constitute the moral basic and ethical basic exertion of power. However there has not yet been a definite and authoritative explanation about what the public interests is on earth, so it often becomes and excuse by which the government abuses its power, and so as to do great harm to private rights. Basing on it, it is necessary to make relatively definite definition of the public interests in jurisprudence. This article begins with the semantic analysis of the public interests, compares it with correlative concepts, and consequently has a descriptive but not notional comprehension of it. The article emphasizes the characteristics and standard of judgment of the public interests, and furthermore clarifies the positive significance what the definition of the public interests has nowadays.


We present an effective solution for an all-polarization-maintaining modelocked femtosecond fiber laser operating at the central wavelength of 1028 nm. The laser is based on an Yb-doped active fiber. Modelocking is enabled by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, and the central wavelength is enforced by a fiber Bragg grating. The laser is self-starting and demonstrates excellent stability against Q-switching. Pulse energies reach 13 nJ at 34 MHz repetition rate. External compression leads to near transform-limited pulses of 140 fs.


BACKGROUND
 Pregnant women living in unstable malaria transmission settings may develop severe malaria (SM). The pathogenesis of SM in pregnancy is poorly understood.

METHODS
 To determine whether SM in pregnancy is associated with lower malarial antibody responses and higher cytokine responses, plasma samples were collected from 121 Sudanese pregnant women of whom 39 were diagnosed with SM. Antibodies to pregnancy-specific and non-pregnancy-specific Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigens (VSA) and concentrations of cytokines TNF, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured.

RESULTS
 Pregnant women with SM demonstrated significantly lower antibody levels to pregnancy-specific VSA (P = .020) and higher plasma IFNγ (P = .020), IL-10 (P = .0002) and IL-6 levels (P < .0001) than uninfected pregnant women. Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P = .001), IL-6 (P = .004) and IL-8 (P = .020) were inversely correlated with antibodies to VAR2CSA-DBL5 in pregnant women with SM. Lower haemoglobin levels and higher parasite densities were associated with lack of pregnancy-specific antibodies (P = .028) and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-6 and IL-8.

CONCLUSIONS
 Pregnant women with SM lack pregnancy-specific malaria immunity, and this correlates with heightened inflammatory cytokine concentrations, low haemoglobin levels and high parasite density, suggesting that failure of antibody to control parasitaemia may contribute to SM pathogenesis.


In order to sift Canine Distemper strains from the raccoon dog,macrophages were collected from the lungs of the racoon dog lungs during peeling the pelt.Positive samples were screened by ELISA assay.We applied the cell culture technique to isolate a Canine Distemper virus strain.The virus was identified as Canine Distemper virus by F gene RT-PCR amplification and sequencing analysis and was named called CDV/R-20/12.The experimental results of the strain can be used for the research of Canine Distemper vaccine for raccoon dog and lay the foundation for it.


abstract:This article emphasizes the importance of Adam and Eve's dispute over gardening in accounting for their progression towards the Fall. Reading Adam and Eve's conversation in book 9 of Paradise Lost in the light of husbandry manuals and the companionship ideals embraced by Milton, it argues that both stray from their culturally and textually sanctioned roles. Eve's rejection of her husband's society in favor of her plants runs counter to the desired movement up "the scale of Nature" (PL 5.509), as outlined by the archangel Raphael. Adam, too, chooses wrongly on the morning of the Fall, seeking pleasure and ease in the bower during the hours assigned for garden labor. As faults, Adam and Eve's misalignments in nature and companionship are temporary and can be put right, but their accumulation makes them susceptible to Satan's temptation.


The enterprise-dominated "dual-certificate" system is a powerful measure for the high vocational colleges to cultivate the skilled talents fitting social demands. Yet many aspects in current talents cultivation mode are not adaptive to the "dual-certificate" system. The reform thinking for talents cultivation mode under the "dual-certificate" system is proposed according to the teaching practice, to boost the development of modern apprenticeship and enhance combined efforts of school and enterprise.


Conventional pollution prevention strategies for the protection of natural waters usually entail a comparison of analytical results with water quality guidelines. This comparison is often compromised by the inability to identify fully the toxicants in the environment and the need to reference current toxicological databases containing large data gaps. In light of these shortcomings, we describe examples of an alternative approach based on toxicity testing coupled with chemical manipulation and directed chemical analysis. Advantages of this toxicological approach over traditional methods are illustrated for natural water surveys conducted in North America and Mexico. It is demonstrated that toxicity identification evaluation is well suited to the development of water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic ecosystems.


Baker cysts are common pathological findings during sonography of the popliteal fossa. Although they can present as a typical, mild variant or have an atypical sonographic appearance, a common feature of them is that their expansion is usually limited in the intermuscular planes or spaces between muscles and knee capsule. Baker cysts extending into muscles are rare. Two cases of a Baker cyst with extension into the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MHG) are reported with sonographic findings. Both of the cases were discovered in females, who had anterior or bilateral knee pain and radiographic features of osteoarthritis. Knee effusion was identified sonographically in both of the patient cases. In the popliteal fossa, Baker cysts were found in both patients with intramuscular extension into the MHG. In the first case, a cystic penetration was noted into the MHG, near the neck of the cyst, having a cone shape and oriented toward the inferior aspect of the muscle. The second case had a cystic penetration into the MHG near the base of the cyst with a tube shape, along its long axis. The possible pathogenesis is discussed.


The paper deals with the formation of spherical intensity distributions on the basis of the interference of oncoming fine-focused vortex beams with different polarization. The formation of three-dimensional distributions is accomplished in a simple way by optimizing the width and position of a single annular diaphragm. The optimum parameters are analytically estimated for a narrow ring aperture, while those for a broad diaphragm are further numerically corrected. It is shown that, depending on the polarization, the order of the vortex singularity and an additional phase advance in one of the beams both solid and hollow light balls of a subwavelength radius consisting of different components of the electric field can be formed.


The congested sub-65GHz spectrum has steered the attention towards millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems. To date, mm-wave systems have either sacrificed efficiency, bandwidth, or cost to be realized. In this paper, we present a low cost wideband feed for UWB Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) operating across Ku-K-Ka bands and 5G bands (viz. 17.5-70 GHz) with emphasis on dual linear polarization. The presented array and feed are packaged in a compact profile (H = 2.7 mm) suitable for mobile and hand-held devices. Notably, the novelty of this antenna is the use of low-cost standard PCB processes, with Ball Grid Array (BGA) connection for a radiation efficient System in Package (SiP) approach. The presented mm-wave TCDA achieves over 52 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth for VSWR < 3 with scanning down to 60° in both E and H planes in infinite array simulations.


Abstract : The objective of this workshop is to discuss the results of recent studies and experience accumulated by Russian and American scientists in the development of fundamental theoretical concepts, computer programs, methodology and techniques for numerical and experimental modeling of structure and mechanical properties of advanced composite materials, in particular with polymer matrices. Workshop, Computer programs, Composite materials, Advanced composite materials, Polymer matrices, Viscoelasticity, Composites.