In this illuminating history, text and illustrations combine to offer a view of furniture not as a succession of collectors' pieces, but as a statement about the society that created it. Edward Lucie-Smith offers insights into almost every period, from the prehistoric to the postmodern--from Neolithic tables to 1960s conversation pits, and from the ceremonial chairs of Egypt in the thirteenth century BC to the designs of John Makepeace. Throughout, the author has kept in focus the way in which people's lives, their self-images and preoccupations, as well as the organization and techniques of furniture-making, have affected the forms of these objects, which are so vital a part of our environment. 190 illus., 20 in color.


The central topic that pervades Heidegger's interpretation of Aristotle, and the one above all others that demonstrates his knowledge and insight, is the topic of kinesis.1 For Heidegger, the probl...


The paper makes preliminary study on the postgraduate teaching model under new situation,which takes the basis of " Improving the Innovative Ability of Universities and Colleges",and takes the teaching reform on " Engineering Seismic Principle and Application" postgraduate curriculum as an example.The authors promote new teaching system for postgraduates including interactive teaching,case study,synchronic demonstration teaching,lecture teaching,corresponding experimental teaching and E-learning with digital network platform,in order to improve innovative ability of universities and colleges in the postgraduate curriculum.


In article as the result there has been obtained easy by appearance analytical formula for defining wagon acceleration during braking action. It has been established that wagon acceleration on a particular hump section is dependent on all the forces (wind impact, sliding friction, medium, snow and frost impact,) acting upon the system "wagon-track" and on the mass of the wagon with cargo nonregistering wheelpair mass. On the basis of the wagon acceleration value and known time of retarder braking there has been defined a specific value of rolling speed and wagon braking path according to the hump gradient angle and wagon initial speed on the section.


It has previously been shown that microbial polyphosphate bodies are the main sites of metal sequestration. In our present study, we have exposed Synechococcus leopoliensis, grown to log phase and to overplus phase, to five different heavy metals, Al, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn, independently. The cells were analyzed using the STEM mode of a transmission electron microscope in conjunction with a PGT IMIX energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Cells of Synechococcus leopoliensis were grown for two weeks at 21°C on a 12-hour light/dark cycle in modified Fizgerald's medium The second cell type were the overplus cells, which were grown as previously described. The cells were exposed to 100PPM of each metal for two hours, then were fixed and embedded in EPON according to Luff's procedure. For x-ray analysis, cells of interest were first located using the TEM mode. The microscope was then switched to the STEM mode.


The article presents the results of the research devoted to the study of production of dairy products with functional ingredients. Buckwheat bran is chosen as a functional ingredient, it contains little carbohydrates but it is rich in protein and soluble fiber. Buckwheat bran is more useful than other kinds of bran, because the protein contained in it is very similar to animal protein (which a human organism needs greatly). Today dietary fiber is one of the most promising and effective ingredients, it is begun to be used in the dairy industry not long ago. During the work the mode of buckwheat bran preparation and bringing in in the soft cheese was defined. The solution to the problem of uniform spreading of the functional component throughout the product mass is offered. Based on the results of experimental research the technology of soft buckwheat bran cheese production is developed, the organoleptic and physical-chemical studies are carried out. The schematic diagram of soft buckwheat bran cheese production is presented. The draft standard documentation for the soft buckwheat bran cheese production is worked out. The novelty of technology process is reflected in the invention patent.


Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of bone remodeling at the interface with the periodontal ligament (PDL) around a mechanically loaded tooth in response to a biomechanical stimulus. Modeling of the PDL therefore plays an important role in the process of modeling OTM. However when producing a finite element model from clinical computer tomography data, the PDL cannot be segmented and its geometry is approximated by many authors from the root geometry. The aim of this study is to propose alternatives to a geometrical representation of the PDL using either simple spring elements between the teeth and alveolar bone or bilateral sticking contact conditions. Results consist in a comparison of the hydrostatic and Von-Mises stresses in the bone along the root as well as the strain energy used in a bone remodeling algorithm when a 1N force is applied to a single rooted tooth crown. While both models can well represent the pressure (hydrostatic stress) transfer from the tooth to the bone, the bilateral sticking contact conditions show better results to transfer the shear stress as well as the strain energy.


Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the colon is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma. These tumors are associated with a poor prognosis, as they are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages with distant metastases. We present a case of a patient with colonic LCNEC with carcinomatosis peritonei who underwent surgical resection and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

 The patient is a 49-year-old Caucasian male who presented with several months history of occasional hematochezia, constipation, 40-pound unintentional weight loss, and reflux. An initial diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of colorectal origin was rendered. Subsequently, the patient underwent a low-anterior resection with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Histological evaluation of the rectosigmoid lesion demonstrated sheets of malignant epithelial cells with scant amphophilic cytoplasm, large pleomorphic vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and numerous mitotic figures. The tumor invaded the entire colonic wall and extended to the visceral peritoneum with extensive small vessel lymphovascular and perineural invasion with widespread involvement of the diaphragm, spleen, falciform ligament, and omentum. Immunohistochemical stains showed the tumor to be diffusely positive for CK20, CDX2, and synaptophysin; while negative for CK7, PAP, PSA, chromogranin, and p40. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. In addition, CD31 highlighted lymphatic spaces that were extensively filled with tumor cells. One-month post-operative, the patient remains in critical but stable condition with features of acute hypoxic respiratory failure and possible metastatic disease to the lung associated with pleural effusion.

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 Colonic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that frequently presents with distant metastases. Clinical awareness of the entity with early diagnosis and surgical resection remains the essential initial step. Utilizing immunohistochemistry stains to further characterize the tumor is critical to reach the correct diagnosis. Accumulating appropriate clinical data will aid in the establishment of future treatment protocols.


Abstract The African variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus, exhibits daily variations in its feeding and destructive activities. A study to investigate circadian variation in metabolites (lipids, protein, glucose, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−) concentrations and enzymes (lipase, amylase, proteinase, α-glucosidase) activities in the femoral and thoracic muscles of adult Z. variegatus was carried out by collecting samples at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00 hrs GMT. The four enzymes were present throughout the day in both thoracic and femoral muscles but at varying levels. Significantly (p<0.05) higher enzymes activities were measured during the day (between 06:00 and 18:00 hours GMT) (except proteinase) than at night (24:00 hrs). Organic substances in the two tissues were present in significantly higher concentrations during the day than at night. Similarly, significantly more inorganic substances were recorded in the afternoon (12:00-18:00 hrs) than at night in both femoral and thoracic muscles. It can thus be concluded that locomotor activities in Z. variegatus reach a peak during the day.


good. The total impression is likely to be misleading, especially to an American unfamiliar with the Canadian situation, and unaware that this matter of conciliation shows signs of becoming a very controversial issue indeed. The truth is, conciliation i Canada needs a great deal of attention, especially from the academic world. Here is a subiect also which an American might view with fresh eyes, and it would be unfortunate if Professor Jamieson's treatment of this unique Canadian system had thrown off the scent students who might have a real contribution to make.


Relates connecting element for the present invention is a tubular component, the connecting element is nickel - are covered by the coating comprising a primary layer made of phosphorus alloy. Further, the present invention is a tubular component comprising one or more connection elements, to a method of producing such connecting elements. .The


The article raises the issue of Alexander Blok's participation in the creation of the repertoire for Petrograd's Bolshoi Drama Theatre in the period from 1919 to 1921, the theoretical basis of which includes the idea of reviving the classics and returning to romanticism. In the process of work, the poet came to expand the category of romanticism, asserting the idea of its timelessness. As a result, the entire repertoire of the Bolshoi Drama Theatre acquired a single system, the purpose of which was to provide the viewer with the opportunity to look at the classics with new eyes in the light of the 1917 Revolution; then values were being breaking down and new principles of art, laid. Alexander Blok wanted to contribute to the updated system of priorities, highlighting his romantic hero – a revolutionary, a human with a pure, kind soul eager to create a just society built on the principles of goodness, which would be based on eternal values in the form of classics.


&-Casein and rc-casein were measured in milk and curd by a microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay ma@'). Specifically designed microspheres were coated with antigen (%casein and ~-caseh) and then were agglutinated by specific antibodies. The light scattered by the agglutinates was quantified with a nephelometer. Antigen-coated microsphere agglutination was inhibited by free antigen solution, allowing its measurement. Calibration curves for &casein and K-casein in milk and curd, performed with a low heat milk powder as standard, largely covered the usual concentrations of caseins. Accuracy (average ratios of recovery were 98.7 and 104.3%) and precision (coefficients of variation f?om 1.9 to 7.4%) assessed the fidelity of the method. NEPHELIA~, applied to casein determination, offers many advantages over the classical methods of milk protein measurement: high dilution of the reagents, no pretreatment of the samples, enhand sensitivity (few micrograms


Electrochemical energy storage systems have the advantages of fast power response, intensive energy storage, flexible and convenient deployment, but the output characteristics of the battery system directly affect the service effect of the energy storage power plant. Therefore, it is quite necessary to analyze the reliability of battery energy storage and scientifically assess the system's performance. This paper considers the aging state of the battery storage system as well as sudden failures and establishes a comprehensive reliability assessment method for battery energy storage systems that take into account the battery health index and the impact of thermal runaway failures, which makes up for the shortcomings of existing reliability assessment methods.


The existing identity authentication schemes based on the devices of Internet of Underwater Things (IouT) are all executed at the network layer and higher layers, which require high computing costs and are not suitable for devices with limited computing resources. By applying PUF to key binding, a physical layer-based identity authentication scheme is proposed. The authentication process is realized by the joint typicality coding and decoding technology based on the packing lemma and the covering lemma. The Achievability and Converse propositions prove the feasibility of the scheme, and the confidential capacity domain is delimited from the perspective of information theory. The false authentication analysis theoretically limits the probability of successful deception by the adversary, and reduces it to the lowest limit.


Advanced Computed Tomography Inspection System (ACTIS) is computed-tomography x-ray apparatus revealing internal structures of objects in wide range of sizes and materials. Three x-ray sources and adjustable scan geometry gives system unprecedented versatility. Gantry contains translation and rotation mechanisms scanning x-ray beam through object inspected. Distance between source and detector towers varied to suit object. System used in such diverse applications as development of new materials, refinement of manufacturing processes, and inspection of components.


In Memoriam ..............................................2 MSC Sisters Donor Report 2017.......3-5 MSC Fest: Oktoberfest in April .............7 2018 Jubilarians ........................................7 $10,000 Winners ......................................7 Mission Update .........................................8 The year 2017 was signifi cant for the Lay MSC (LMSC) of the Chevalier Family as we celebrated our 25th anniversary. Special events for our bi-monthly all member gatherings in Reading coincided with our theme, "From Root to Blossom to Fruit". At the ini al planning mee ng LMSC members decided to end the year by burying a me capsule. Much discussion ensued: Where would we bury it? What would be in it? What material would be used? Where would we purchase it? Lots to consider! Could it be made of wood? Upon hearing wood men oned, I immediately thought of Joe Kenas, a fellow parishioner at Our Lady Queen of Peace in Brodheadsville, Pennsylvania. Speak about a busy person! Besides being an avid and excellent woodworker, Joe is a re red Master Chief AFCM from the US Navy. At last count Joe was involved in 13 ministries in our parish where he also a ends daily Mass. When I asked him about making the me capsule, he gave a resounding "yes" in true "Joe fashion". One could almost hear his wheels beginning to spin. When I asked about payment, Joe said, "Three Hail Mary's from each of the Lay MSC." He did, however, later increase payment to a Rosary. As Joe said, "You can't have enough Rosaries said for you." Periodically when we touched base about the progress, Joe's moun ng excitement shown in his sparkling eyes: "Wait ll you see it!" he would exclaim excitedly. December of 2017 was the month for the me capsule placement. The LMSC Associates waited anxiously for Joe to arrive in Reading with his masterpiece and we certainly were not disappointed. The me capsule was beyond our expecta ons! Joe had inlayed the anniversary tree logo skillfully and beau fully in the lid of the American Oak box. The tree trunk was made from American Black Walnut, the green leaves were cut from South American Verawood and the logo le ers were cut from Mexican Katalox. It could not have been more beau ful and perfect. Joe's love of God and his cra were Lay MSC Time Capsule – An Ar s c Labor of Love www.mscreading.org


In this paper using a broadband acoustic emission sensor and digital si n l processing was investigated the spectrum of the magnetoacoustic emission in iron-based alloys. For num ber of alloys with different magnetic and magnetostrictive properties found that the amplitude of the harmon ic frequency equal to twice the frequency of remagnetization field, correlates with magnetostrictive sensitivity of mater ials. Show that the main frequency of magnetoacoustic emission may be control parameter of high-temperature ann ealing steels with different chemical compositions. Found that the amplitude and frequency parameters MAE of investigated steels correlate with their residual magnetic induction. The obtain results may be useful in the development of magnetic and magneto-acoustic methods for monitoring and diagnostics.


We use Bott-Chern cohomology to measure the non-Kählerianity of 6-dimensional nilmanifolds endowed with the left-invariant complex structures in M. Ceballos, A. Otal, L. Ugarte, and R. Villacampa's classification, [15]. We investigate the existence of pluriclosed metric in connection with such a classification. Introduction The Bott-Chern cohomology and the Aeppli cohomology provide further tools to investigate the complex geometry of non-Kähler manifolds: they are, in a sense, a bridge between the Dolbeault cohomology and the de Rham cohomology of a complex manifold X . Introduced by A. Aeppli in [2], the cohomology groups H •,• BC(X) := ker∂ ∩ ker ∂ im ∂∂ and H A (X) := ker ∂∂ im ∂ + im ∂ have raised much interest in several areas of Mathematics and Physics: see, e.g., B. Bigolin [9, 10], J. Varouchas [41], L. Alessandrini and G. Bassanelli [3], and, more recently, M. Schweitzer [37] and R. Kooistra [27] (in the context of cohomology theories), J.-M. Bismut [12, 13] (in the context of Chern characters), and L.-S. Tseng and S.-T. Yau [38] (in the framework of generalized geometry and type II string theory). The Bott-Chern cohomology turns out to be particularly interesting in the non-Kähler case. In fact, for compact Kähler manifolds, or, more in general, for compact complex manifolds satisfying the ∂∂-Lemma (that is, the very special cohomological property that every ∂-closed ∂-closed d-exact form is ∂∂-exact), the Bott-Chern cohomology coincides with the Dolbeault cohomology. In [7], the first author and A. Tomassini proved that, on a compact complex manifold X , a Frölicher-type inequality relates the dimension of H BC(X) and the dimension of H • dR(X ;C), namely, [7, Theorem A], (1) for every k ∈ N , ∑ p+q=k (dimCH p,q BC(X) + dimCH p,q A (X)) ≥ 2 dimCH dR(X ;C) , and that the equality in (1) holds if and only if X satisfies the ∂∂-Lemma, [7, Theorem B]. A special class of manifolds, which turn out to provide useful examples in studying geometric and cohomological properties of (almost-)complex manifolds, is given by the class of nilmanifolds, namely, compact quotients X = Γ\G of a connected simply-connected nilpotent Lie group G by a discrete co-compact subgroup Γ. By K. Nomizu's theorem [31, Theorem 1], the finite-dimensional vector space ∧•g∗ of linear forms on the dual of the Lie algebra g naturally associated to G yields a minimal model for the de Rham complex (∧•X, d) of X ; this means, in particular, that the de Rham cohomology of X can be computed as the cohomology of a finite-dimensional subcomplex of (∧•X, d). On the other hand, nilmanifolds cannot be formal, [24, Theorem 1], and hence, in particular, neither they satisfy the ∂∂-Lemma nor they admit Kähler metrics. The 6-dimensional nilmanifolds can be classified in terms of their Lie algebra, up to isomorphisms, in 34 classes, according to V. V. Morozov's classification, [30], see also [28]. As regards their complex geometry, the works by S. M. Salamon [36], L. Ugarte and R. Villacampa [40], A. Andrada, M. L. Barberis, and I. Dotti [5], and M. Ceballos, A. Otal, L. Ugarte, and R. Villacampa [15] give a complete classification, up to equivalence, of the left-invariant complex structures on 6-dimensional nilmanifolds. Even if they admit no Kähler metric, nilmanifolds can be endowed with other special Hermitian metrics, whose associated (1, 1)-form satisfies conditions weaker than the Kähler condition, see, e.g., [29, 11, 39, 22, 1]. A special class of Hermitian metrics that recently have arisen interest in several areas of Mathematics and Physics is the class of pluriclosed (also called strong-Kähler with torsion, shortly, skt) metrics, namely, the Hermitian metrics whose associated (1, 1)-forms is ∂∂-closed, see, e.g., [11, 22, 34, 21, 14]. In this note, we are concerned especially in studying cohomological properties of the 6-dimensional nilmanifolds endowed with left-invariant complex structures; furthermore, we investigate cohomological properties of special classes of nilmanifolds admitting pluriclosed metrics. More precisely, we compute explicitly the dimensions of the Bott-Chern cohomology for each of the complex structures in M. Ceballos, A. Otal, L. Ugarte, and R. Villacampa's classification, [15]: in view of the Frölicher-type inequality (1) and of K. Hasegawa's theorem [24, Theorem 1], such dimensions, together with the Betti 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 57T15; 32Q57; 53C558.


Two groups of patients are reviewed, the first consisting of 50 toxemic to which the purpose of a study underwent curettage in the immediate postpartum period, 30 of which showed no posterior synechia in radiological study. The second, consisting of 45 patients, in which a radiological study showed some type of uterine synechia; an analysis of the conditions involved in its production is done by comparing the state of the genital, pre- and post synechia formation apparatus. The technique used in the treatment of 15 cases reported.


P. Poojitha1, Jolius Gimbun2*, Afiqah Yeop2, K. A. Athmaselvi3 1Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India. 2Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow CARIFF, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia. 3Centre for Excellance in Grain Science, Indian Institute of Food Process Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India.


Accurate estimates of straw production for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are important in the Great Plains for conservation planning, nutrient cycling, and fertilizer recommendations. Frequently, these estimates arebased on grain yield and the assumption of a constant ratio between straw and grain. This approach may not always be accurate because straw/grain ratios can vary greatly across environments and genotypes. Spring wheat studies were conducted to contrast straw/grain ratios over diverse water and N environments and to determine if plant height and grain protein at maturity, in addition to grain yield, would significantly improve predictions of straw production. A 3-yr field study consisting of four cultivars, three water regimes, and a wide range of N levels served as a database for this analysis. Straw/grain ratios ranged from 0.91 to 2.37 and were affected by water, N, and cultivar selection. Extended periods of water stress during grain fill and/or vegetative growth and improved N fertility generally resulted in wider ratios. Stability of straw/grain ratios over the diverse environments improved as cultivar height decreased. Straw yield models that considered only grain yield provided a modest fit to the data (R 2 = 0.66, SE = 701 kg ha - 1 ). Prediction models that included terms for plant height and plant N status (straw N or grain protein) in addition to grain yield provided a considerably better fit to the experimental data (R 2 = 0.88, SE = 425). Observations from validation data sets confirmed that inclusion of plant height (two of two data sets) and grain protein (one of two data sets) improved accuracy of straw yield predictions.


The Interaction of altered lipids or proteins with the several scavenger receptors (SR) on macrophages can lead to disparate results in both gene expression and cell function. However, the molecular bases of signaling induced by SR ligation have remained obscure. Here we report that maleylated‐bovine serum albumin (maleyl‐BSA) binds a low‐affinity SR, initiating POP2 hydrolysis, [Ca2+J spikes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) binding to its cognate nucleotide and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) gene transcription. We recently reported that oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), which binds another macrophage SR, induced pertussis‐toxin‐sensitive hydrolysis of PIP2 and elevations in [Ca2+]i [J. Biol. Chem. 270, 3475–3478, 1995]. By contrast, maleyl‐BSA‐initiated events were not pertussis toxin‐sensitive and produced less [Ca2+]i spiking than ox‐LDL. Furthermore, maleyl‐BSA led to binding of NF‐κB to its cognate nucleotide and TNF‐α gene transcription, whereas ox‐LDL suppressed these events. Collectively, this data suggests that maleyl‐BSA and ox‐LDL bind to distinct SR on murine macrophages, initiate distinct signal transduction pathways, and produce different functional effects. J. Leukoc. Biol. 60: 784–792; 1996.


The language rules of Confucius means that Confucius' ideas about order and standard of talking and expressing,the author discusses the function of Confucius' language rules from the perspective of Pragmatics In the era of the Spring and Autumn and Warring states period of China,the language played an important role in peoples' daily life and the international relations.Confucius made the rules for the language,which can be divided into two kinds according to its content:the order rules and the prohibition rules.The language rule contains abundant moral connotations and values of pragmatism in order to keep the order of Zhouli by establishing the languages rules.The interior basis of it is the authority of heaven.Confucius' concept about the language rules not only have a great influence on the Chinese philosophy and literature but also have a profound enlightening meaning in the reality.


The dog nasal mite, Pneumonyssus caninum, is reported from Norway for the first time in a 6–year–old mongrel with moderate clinical symptoms. Mites had been seen for a brief period 2 years previously, but the recent occurrence proved to be much more persistent. Various treatments were tried with little success. Finally a polyethylene bag containing a Vapona (dichlorvos) strip was tied around the dog's nose for 60–90 seconds twice, with 2 days interval. Subsequently, the mites disappeared for about one month.


4 t a t r t p v o ith the increasing national emphasis on containment of health are costs, standardization of medical valuation can be an effective method for imultaneously reducing hospital expenitures while ensuring quality of patient are. Preterm labor consistently has roved to be a major concern in clinical bstetrics, with approximately 12% of all regnancies delivering at 37 weeks' estation. However, approximately 500% of patients who require hospital adission are discharged eventually and ltimately deliver at term. Because of he heterogeneity in diagnosis and mangement in our institution, the evaluaion of preterm labor was identified propectively as an area in which the ncorporation of newer diagnostic moalities could realize a reduction in hos-


Extracts from the seeds of Annona muricata yielded three new Annonaceous acetogenins: muricatetrocin A (= (5S)-3-{(2R)-2-hydroxy-9-{(2R,5S)-tetrahydro-5-[(1S,4S,5S)-1,4,5-trihydroxyheptadecyl]furan-2-yl}nonyl}-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one; 1), muricatetrocin B (= (5S)-{(2R)-2-hydroxy-9-{(2S,5S)-tetrahydro-5-[(1S,4S,5S)-1,4,5-trihydroxyheptadecyl]furan-2-yl}nonyl}-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one; 2), and gigantetrocin B (= (5S)-3-{(2R)-2-hydroxy-7-{(2S,5S)-tetrahydro-5-[(1S,4R,5R)-1,4,5-trihydroxynonadecyl]furan-2-yl}heptyl}-5-methyl-furan-2(5H)-one; 3). Their C-skeletons were deduced by mass spectrometry. Configurations were determined by 1H-NMR of ketal derivatives and 2D-NMR experiments utilizing Mosher esters. A previously described compound, gigantetrocin A (= (5S)-3-{(2R)-2-hydroxy-7-{(2S,5S)-tetrahydro-5-[(1S,4S,5S)-1,4,5-trihydroxynonadecyl]furan-2-yl}heptyl}-5-methylfuran-2-(5H)one; 4), was also isolated and is new to this species. Compounds 1–4 were all selectively cytotoxic for the HT-29 human colon-tumor cell line with potencies at least 10 times that of adriamycin.


The multi-objective optimal design of low-thrust multigravity-assist trajectories is formulated within the hybrid optimal control framework. A new automated solution strategy for this problem is pr...


Lexington, KY-One of the newest viscoelastic products approved by the FDA is 1.2% sodium hyaluronate (CoEase, Advanced Medical Optics), which exemplifies the trend toward developing agents with both dispersive and cohesive properties.


Recently, there is a renewed interest in obtaining short wavelength solid state lasers through upconversion schemes. Yb sensitized upconversion energy transfer is specially attractive for this purpose because of the ability of high power InGaAs diode lasers to pump Yb. Yb, Ho upconversion energy transfer is relatively simple compared to upconversion involving other rare earth ions. Although a Yb sensitized Ho green laser has been realized at 77 K in BaY2F8 [1], no such lasing has been achieved at room temperature. In searching for a more suitable host for the room temperature Yb, Ho green upconversion laser we have carried out a systematic spectroscopic study on the Yb, Ho upconversion processes in BaY2F8 (BYF), KYF4 (KYF), and LiYF4 (YLF). Based on the detailed absorption, emission and fluorescence decay data, KYF is shown to be a promising host.


We examine the effects of public policy parameters in a simple directed search model of the labour market, and contrast them with those in standard random matching models with Nash bargaining. Both finite and limit versions of the directed search model are considered, and the value of the limit model as an approximation of the finite one is assessed. As with the random matching model, job creation is the key channel through with the policy parameters effect the equilibrium of the directed search model. Both comparative static effects of the policy parameters and optimal configurations are identified.


Super-luminescent diode (SLD) is made up by SLD chip, TDC, heat sink, temperature sensor and so on. If the linear degree performance of cooler is high, the temperature of SLD core decreases so that the wavelength is also shorten in high temperature. If the linear degree performance of cooler is low, the result reverses. Therefore, based on FOG principle, the temperature difference model which lamp-house influences the peg-top precision in temperature variety is acquired. Thus according to the different environment temperature, ensure the compensation and improve the measurement precision of fiber peg-top.


Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complex condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the US and worldwide. Early detection is critical for effective prevention of kidney disease progression. Polygenic prediction of CKD could enhance screening and prevention of kidney disease progression, but this approach has not been optimized for risk prediction in ancestrally diverse populations. Methods: We developed and validated a genome-wide polygenic score (GPS) for CKD defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 using common variant association statistics from GWAS for eGFR combined with information on APOL1 risk genotypes. The score was designed to ensure transferability across major continental ancestries, genotyping platforms, imputation panels, and phenotyping strategies, and was tested following ClinGen guidelines. The polygenic component of the score was developed and optimized using 28,047 cases and 251,772 controls (70% of UK Biobank participants of European ancestry), while the weights for APOL1 effects were derived based on UK Biobank participants of African ancestry (967 cases and 6,191 controls). We tested the performance of the score in 15 independent testing cohorts, including 3 cohorts of European ancestry (total 23,364 cases and 117,883 controls), 6 cohorts of African ancestry (4,268 cases and 10,276 controls), 4 cohorts of Asian ancestry (1,030 cases and 9,896 controls), and 2 Hispanic/Latinx cohorts (1,492 cases and 2,984 controls). Results: We demonstrated the risk score transferability with reproducible performance across all independent testing cohorts. In the meta-analyses, disease odds ratios per standard deviation of the score were estimated at 1.49 (95%CI: 1.47-1.50, P<1.0E-300) for European, 1.32 (95%CI: 1.26-1.38, P=1.8E-33) for African, 1.59 (95%CI: 1.52-1.67, P=1.3E-30) for Asian, and 1.42 (95%CI: 1.33-1.51, P=4.1E-14) for Latinx cohorts. The top 2% cutoff of the GPS was associated with nearly 3-fold increased risk of CKD across all major ancestral groups, the degree of risk that is equivalent to a positive family history of kidney disease. In African-ancestry cohorts, APOL1 risk genotype and the polygenic risk components of the GPS had additive effects on the risk of CKD with no significant interactions. We also observed that individuals of African ancestry had a significantly higher polygenic risk score for CKD compared to other populations, even without accounting for APOL1 variants. Conclusions: By combining APOL1 risk genotypes with the available GWAS for renal function, we designed, optimized, and validated a GPS predictive of CKD across four major continental ancestries. With the upper tail of the GPS distribution associated with disease risk equivalent to a positive family history, this score could be used for clinically meaningful risk stratification.


Objective: to study the efficacy of diagnosis, management, outcome and epidemiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who were admitted into Saraburi Hospital. Methods: The data was collected from a prospective registry of chest discomfort patients who were admitted by fast track ACS to Saraburi Hospital between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2008. Results: There were 1026 chest discomfort cases admitted to Saraburi Hospital during the study period. Of these patients, 635 were finally diagnosed with ACS; 78 cases had ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS) and 557 cases had no ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (Non STE-ACS). Agreement of the ACS diagnosis between the emergency room and final diagnosis was moderately reliable in STE-ACS cases (Kappa value = 0.622, p <0.001). Mean age of ACS patients was 68.02 ± 11.12 years. Thrombolytic therapy was used in 55.1% of STE-ACS cases; mean door to needle time was 81.12 ± 64.50; mean total ischemic time was 250.49 ± 135.90. In-hospital mortality was 8.3% overall and 19.2% for STE-ACS which was significantly higher than the 6.8% for the Non STE-ACS group, p < 0.001. Factors associated with increased mortality were cardiogenic shock, malignant arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, heart block more than 2 degree AV block Mobits II) and an initial systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg. Conclusion: The results of this study provide additional data concerning ACS in the rural population where there are restricted access to invasive treatment strategies and drug limitations. There were high in-hospital mortality, heart failure and readmission rates. These findings suggest that there should be further development of guidelines for ACS that improves efficacy of diagnosis, management, creates a cardiac network for appropriate early referral for high risk ACS patients.


Carp myofibrils were stored in 0.1M NaCl at pH 7.0 in the presence of either 5mM CaCl2 or EGTA at 0°C and 15°C. The degree of fragmentation of the myofibrils in both the Ca and EGTA media increased to 40% within 2 days at 15°C, but the rate at 0°C increased gradually to 38% in Ca medium and 25% in EGTA medium after 7 days. The fragmentation of the myofibrils proceeded simultaneously with increases in the amount of solubilized and released proteins including α-actinin, Mr 43k (or actin), and Mr 34k (or tropomyosin) components from the myofibrils during storage. SDS-PAGE revealed that connectin, nebulin, α-actinin, troponin-T, and troponin-I were extensively degraded and produced peculiar fragments in both media. These protein degrada-tions were detected at an early stage of the storage at 15°C and even at 0°C while the myosin and actin did not change at all. These results suggest that the disintegration of myofibrils caused by solubilization and degradation of myofibrillar proteins is presumed to arise from postmortem tenderization of carp muscle, and may be initiated at the time immediately after death regardless of postmortem increase of Ca2+ that induces rigor mortis.


The Collection of Great Classics of China being compiled is a new large-scale encyclopedia it will embrace whole ancient books of China.There are many troublesome problems in the compiling course.I try to talk about several opinions for it that some learning problems must be minded and must be pinpointed in compiling job with a compiler.


This review compared the efficacy of home-based exercise programs to traditional hospital institutional-based cardiac rehabilitation programs in older (>65 years) patients, and identified the specific components of home-based programs (i.e., intensity, duration, frequency, and mode of exercise) that were associated with improved health outcomes. Methods. A MEDLINE search was performed for the years 1985-1998 to obtain a list of papers describing exercise programs for older patients with heart disease (defined as a diagnosis of one or more of: chronic stable angina, congestive heart failure, stable essential hypertension, recent myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery). In addition, references from selected papers were cross referenced to identify empirical studies on home-based and institutional-based cardiac rehabilitation published during 1985-1988. Results. A total of 27 manuscripts specifically describing home- and/or institutional-based exercise programs in older patients with cardiovascular disease met our criteria for inclusion. Identified studies were analyzed to obtain characteristics of study design, demographics, exercise training intervention, measurement, and results. Most of the literature focused on middle aged (40-60 years) compared to older (>60 years) subjects (16/27), and described institutional-based (19/27) programs. Only eight studies were home-based and investigated older patients. Seventeen of the 27 identified studies were conducted in the U.S. The program determinants of intensity, frequency, duration of the programs, and mode of exercise intervention were reported in 20 of the 27 studies. Furthermore, a paucity of data (number of patients) was found in older women (17/27). Conclusions: While exercise has been shown to improve health outcomes in patients with heart disease, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of home-based exercise programs in older patients despite the fact that, in terms of feasibility and cost, home-based exercise programs may be more practical than institutional-based programs in this group. There is a need for exercise studies in older patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly studies examining the efficacy of home-based exercise programs.


This paper investigates hysteresis in South Africa's unemployment. First we test the presence of hysteresis in unemployment both by traditional stationarity tests and by using non-linear transformation methods to identify two further characteristics of hysteresis, namely remanence and selective memory. In the second part of the paper we estimate a simple insider-outsider model using a Bayesian VAR methodology to identify the shocks driving the unemployment dynamics. The main finding is that shocks to nominal wages and mark-up shocks as the main drivers of unemployment. Demand shocks do not play a dominant role. These results point to the difficulty of absorbing the current level of unemployment without significant positive shocks in market structure and wage setting behaviour. The strong hysteresis present in the data shows that this excessive level of unemployment can become "equilibrium": the South African labour market presents features of the worst kind of hysteresis, a hysteresis without "hope".


Most striking about Nabokov's Pnin is the careful depiction of the mental enands of the émigré between past and present, of his castaway position between two countries, two societies and two languages. This ambiguous position is reflected in the themes of minors and doubles, which permeate the story. It also finds a parallel in the nanative form, which gradually blends the intrinsic and the extrinsic level. At first sight the story seems to be told by an omniscient nanator, but the person of the nanator more and more intrudes the story, while protagonist Pnin in a singular act of literary emancipation avoids the confrontation with this person, flying away from him and from the whole story in the last scene.2 It may pass as another remarkable reflection that the nanator, introduced as "N.", shares much of his biography with the author, V. N., yet care should be taken not to mix up these two functions of the text. The author (maybe the nanator) has provided the story with an internal calendar, which can be reconstructed with remarkable precision.3 However, a problem remains as far as the exact date of Chapter 3 is concerned. What I would like to offer here is not a solution to the problem, but a possible explanation for the fact that this problem occurs and, as I believe, blends in


During the course of the investigation of precipitation reactions of polyhaptenic simple substances reported in the preceding paper of this series' we found it desirable to carry out a study of the effects of changed conditions of precipitation and washing on the amount of residual precipitate. We also made some experiments on the inhibition of precipitation by added haptens, in order to see how great would be the effects of monohaptenic impurities possibly present in the substances studied. The results obtained are presented and discussed in this paper.


w l E a p a p w d w c i d p w u o p c w i d o d f t fl w c o l f w t T d AGROWING NUMBER of patients are presenting for reoperative cardiac surgery after prior coronary artery byass graft (CABG) surgery.1 One common reason is the need or repeat coronary revascularization because of the progresion of native coronary artery disease or from failure of previus saphenous vein grafts (SVGs). Other indications include ortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral alve repair for ischemic mitral regurgitation.1,2 A repeat sterotomy traditionally has been the surgical approach of choice n these patients. However, this becomes more challenging hen a patent left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft rosses the midline. In this context, sternal re-entry carries a rohibitive risk of injury to the graft, which often is associated ith a fatal outcome. This can be obviated in reoperative mitral alve surgery for which a right thoracotomy approach is a ell-known alternative.1 However, this becomes unfeasible hen concomitant revascularization of the posterolateral wall lso is required. Instead, the left thoracotomy offers considerble utility. Although there are limited case reports and small eries regarding its use in reoperative cardiac surgery,3-9 it emains a versatile approach for a variety of interventions. erein the authors describe 3 scenarios that show its applicaion in both coronary revascularization and valve surgery and ighlight particular features that are germane to each proceure.


This paper describes the design of microcontroller-based battery charger to charge lithium-ion battery pack with the charging method, balancing technique, charging control algorithm, battery protection, battery management unit and implementation of the battery charger are discussed concisely. Advantages, disadvantages and problems arise are also discussed. In fact, an excellent battery charger offers very fast charge time, full capacity and balanced battery cells, low operating temperature and highly efficient and reliable.


Hydropower energy can contribute to achieve the carbon neutrality goals, but also needs to reach environmental sustainability. Hydropower plants (HPP) constitute barriers to fish migrations that are essential for accomplishing their complete biological cycle. Fish downstream passage solutions (FDPS) have to be implemented to maximize their survival, guiding them away from the turbine intakes towards a safe passage alternative. Recent telemetry studies confirmed the efficiency of 26° inclined low bar spacing (20 mm) rack associated to surface bypasses, installed upstream HPPs, to protect downstream migrating Atlantic salmon smolts. Here we tested the efficiency of such FDPS for eel protection using radiotelemetry at four successive HPPs (with intake capacities from 28 to 45 m3.s−1) in the Ariège River (southern France). Between 52 and 74 eels, longer than 550 mm, entered the HPP intakes and 100% of them were protected from turbine passage. All eels crossed the HPP water intake using the surface bypasses, and the great majority in few minutes from their first presentation in front of the rack. These results showed that in such rack configuration, it is not necessary to add a specific bottom bypass, usually recommended for eels. We also showed the importance of optimal hydraulic conditions, mainly tangential (parallel to the rack) velocity and bypass discharge, to efficiently guide the eels towards the surface bypasses, reducing their passage time. Overall, our study provided key elements to water managers for designing an efficient FDPS for eels.


The purposes of this research are 1) to identify the types of expressive speech acts used by the main characters of Dear John movie and 2) to find out the function of the expressive speech acts used. The type of this research is discourse analysis mixed with quantitative method to explain the data further. The data of the research was taken from Dear John movie. The instruments of this research were the utterances from the main characters of Dear John movie which categorized and put into observation table. The data were analyzed based on the theories of Yule (1996) and Clark (1995) of expressive speech acts to answer the research questions. The results of this research showed that the expressive speech act used by the main characters of Dear John movie consisted of 6 types out of 7 types. They are the expression of pleasure, liking, disliking thanking, apologizing, and the expression of praise. The type of speech act that was not found in the utterances of the main character was congratulating. The most dominant type that was found in the utterances of the main character was Thanking.


The main objective of the current work is to investigate the thermodynamic performance of a novel solar powered multi-effect refrigeration system. The proposed cycle consists of a solar tower system with a heliostat field and central receiver (CR) that has molten salt as the heat transfer fluid, an absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC), an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC), and a cascade refrigeration cycle (CRC). Energy and exergy analyses were carried out to measure the thermodynamic performance of the proposed cycle, using Dhahran weather data and operating conditions. The largest contribution to cycle irreversibility was found to be from the CR system (52.5%), followed by the heliostat field (25%). The first and second-law efficiencies improved due to the increase in the following parameters: ejector evaporator temperature, turbine inlet and exit pressures, and cascade evaporator temperature. Parametric analysis showed that the compressor delivery pressure, turbine inlet and exit pressures, hot molten salt outlet temperature, and ejector evaporator temperature significantly affect the refrigeration output.


To achieve agricultural modernization is a key task in Chinese agriculture.The transfer of large agricultural population is one of the indications and an inevitable result of agricultrual modernization.However,the transfer of agricultural population seriously lags behind the industrialization due to the restricted factors of policies over a long period of time and limits the development of modern agriculture.Based on the historical analysis on the population transfer in Fujian since the founding of the People's Republic of China,this paper puts forward some thoughts to support the idea that agricultural population transfer should be sped up to develop modern agriculture.


This article describes a part of problem, why it is not possible to use a long‐time spectral analysis to diagnose sleep disturbances. This article is focused especially on muscle and movement artefacts analysis as a main reason of this effect. We found that random processes which generated muscle and movement artefact signals are possible to describe by three postulates [1] for Generation‐Recombination processes. The result of these processes is a 1/f 2 power spectral density.


Policy makers often regulate the economy using ine¢ cient rather than e¢ cient policy instruments. For example, externalities are typically regulated by quotas or standards even if Pigou taxes could have raised revenues and led to a Pareto improvement. This paper recognizes that, in many political systems, there are multiple veto players and the current policy de…nes the status quo to be used in the future. Thus, even if a player bene…ts from the e¢ cient policy instrument today, it is anticipated that this instrument will be particularly hard to repeal once implemented. Less interventionist players, therefore, can prefer use of a Pareto dominated instrument that is easier to repeal when appropriate. Within a dynamic political economy model that captures this intuition, we also show, inter alia, that both relatively more and less interventionist players may propose ine¢ cient policy interventions in equilibrium, and that access to a Pareto dominated policy instrument can be welfare improving as it mitigates ine¢ ciencies due to legislative gridlock.


1. Abstract The Long-Term Operational Planning (LTOP) aims to determine an optimal strategy that minimizes the expected cost over the planning horizon. The LTOP is a large scale linear stochastic optimization problem, with temporal and spatial coupling. Due to these characteristics, it is necessary to simplify it by using a sampling technique to solve the stochastic problem and aggregating the hydro plants into Energy Equivalent Reservoir (EER). This paper compares merging the hydro plants into EER per Electrical Subsystem and per Cascade. It is presented a theoretical study focused on a few parameters of the EER, the Autoregressive Periodic model to forecast inflows and the solution strategy based on the Stochastic Dynamic Dual Programming. The comparison between the approaches has been made based on the Brazilian electrical power systems. 2. Keywords: Hydrothermal Scheduling, Long-Term Operational Planning, Energy Equivalent Reservoir, Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming.


A three-dimensional Stochastic Self-Propagating Star Formation (SSPSF) model of compact galacies is presented. Two phases of gas, active and inactive, are present, and permanent depletion of gas in the form of long lived, low mass stars and remnants occurs. Similarly, global infall of gas from a galactic halo or through galactic cannibalism is permitted. We base our parameters on the observed properties of the compact blue galaxy I Zw 36. Our results are that bursts of star formation occur much more frequently in these runs than continuous nonbursting star formation, suggesting that the blue compact galaxies are probably undergoing bursts rather than continuous, nonbursting low-level star formation activity.


The hydrolysis of 10-alkyl-3-methylisoalloxazines (flavins) and their 5-oxides with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide in dimethylformamide or alcoholic potassium hydroxide in the dark gave the corresponding spirohydantoins, while the same reaction under irradiation brought about the elimination of the 10-alkyl group ( in the case of lower alkyls) to give 3-methylalloxazine; treatment of the spirohydantoins with concentrated sulphuric acid caused intramolecular dehydration to give the original isoalloxazines.


Cold dense quark matter is in a crystalline color superconducting phase wherever pairing occurs between species of quarks with chemical potentials whose difference $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}$ lies within an appropriate window. If the interaction between quarks is modeled as pointlike, this window is rather narrow. We show that when the interaction between quarks is modeled as single-gluon exchange, the window widens by about a factor of 10 at accessible densities and by much larger factors at higher density. This striking enhancement reflects the increasingly (1+1)-dimensional nature of the physics at weaker and weaker coupling. Our results indicate that crystalline color superconductivity is a generic feature of the phase diagram of cold dense quark matter, occurring wherever one finds quark matter that is not in the color-flavor locked phase. If it occurs within the cores of compact stars, a crystalline color superconducting region may provide a new locus for glitch phenomena.


Introduction. The stress coping strategies people rely on impact their psychological well-being and may be related to the risk of developing psychopathology in the short- and long-term after an unfortunate event. Objective. To define the main stress coping strategies in our region as a first step in assessing the risk of developing psychopathology derived from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Method. This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study that includes 396 participants over 18 years of age residents of the state of Nuevo Leon. Using an online form, the participants were asked to complete the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CAE). Results. In general, after two months of mitigation measures in Mexico, positive reappraisal was the stress coping strategy with the highest score in the population studied. We found higher scores on negative auto-focused and overt emotional expression on the comparation between sociodemographic subgroups. Discussion and conclusion. The present study shows that, in our community, positive reappraisal was the stress coping strategy with the highest score. Positive reappraisal is an active form of coping associated with greater psychological well-being and fewer risk of developing psychopathology in the short and long term. Based on this, our hypothesis is that the predominant use of this strategy could translate into a higher psychological well-being during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the studied sample.


Two modes of microwave emission from a bar of n -InSb of [110] orientation were observed at 77°K in crossed electric and magnetic fields and were found to trace the threshold curve for the two modes of acoustoelectric current oscillation. These two modes of the microwave emission are closely related to the two modes of the acoustoelectric oscillation. The first mode was observed at a magnetic field less than 2 kG and its minimum threshold electric field for the microwave emission was about 20 V/cm at 400 G. The second mode was observed at fields higher than 2 kG and its minimum threshold electric field for the microwave emission was about 5.5 V/cm at 5 kG. For the first mode the frequency spectrum of the microwave emission was distributed mainly between 3 GHz and 5 GHz, and for the second mode between 20 MHz and 300 MHz. The angular dependence of the transverse magnetic field was different for these two modes. It is shown from these results and the difference between the I-V characteristics that the two m...


Can controlled ovarian stimulation be performed without LH suppression in the freeze-all era?

 The oocyte and embryo quality in patients who were treated with freeze-all cycles is not affected without LH suppression.

 The LH suppression is a crucial part of the controlled ovarian stimulation in fresh IVF cycles. It is generally accepted that prolonged or premature exposure to LH can cause early progesterone secretion and abnormal oocyte maturation. Several agents such as GnRH agonists, antagonists and progestins have been used for LH suppression. Recently, different protocols such as duostim, luteal phase stimulation, random start stimulation have been developed in parallel with the widespread application of the freeze-all strategy. No decrease was observed in the quality, maturation and fertilization of oocytes obtained in these protocols.

 This study was retrospectively performed, with cycles extracted from freeze-all-IVF treatments performed between May 2022 and January 2023, to compare the efficacy of ovarian stimulations with or without LH suppression. LH suppression cycles were matched 1:1 with only gonadotropin cycles using age, BMI and antral follicle count, resulting in 160 matched foIIowed by IVF or ICSI with the freeze-aII strategy. The primary outcome of the triaI was the number of oocytes and mature oocytes retrieved.

 The patients were evaluated in 2 groups as the only gonadotropin (rec FSH- study group) or antagonist protocoI (rec FSH+cetroreIix- control group). The rec-FSH was administered at the second or third day of menstrual cycIe in both groups. The cetroreIix was started when the leading follicle was 13mm or more in the control group. Oocyte maturation was triggered by hcg or with GnRH agonist ( triptoreIin). AII viable embryos were cryopreserved for frozen embryo transfer.

 Basic characteristics in both groups were simiIar. There was no significant difference in the number of oocytes (11.87±6.22.3 (mean±SD) for the study group versus 13.47±7.69 for the control group, (P = 0.14)) or the mature oocytes retrieved (8.46±4.8 for the study group versus 9.78±6.3 for the control group, (P = 0.13)) between the groups. The number of fertilized oocytes did not differ between the two groups (6.67±4.6 for the study group vs 7.56±5 for the control group). The mean progesterone LeveL at trigger day in the only rec FSH group was higher than that in the rec FSH+ Cetrorelix group (1.71±1.37 for the study group vs 1.35±0.5 for the control group P = 0.03). No patients experienced ovarian hyperstimuIation syndrome.

 Main Iimitation of this study is, that it is retrospective. Another limitation is that this study includes number of oocytes, mature oocytes and fertilization rate solely. The cIinicaI pregnancy rates and Iive birth rates were not determinated in the freeze-all cycles due to the short duration of the study.

 LH surge and elevation of progesterone do not have negative effects on oocyte quality and maturation. Ovulation induction can be performed without LH suppression in freeze-all cycles. Undoubtedly, there is a need for new studies investigating the effects of only gonadotropin administration on live birth rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfers.

 Not applicable


Cell-based models in avian species have historically focused on virology due to the demands of animal agriculture and vaccine production industries. Recent years have witnessed a gradual rise in the use of these models (in ovo, cell lines, primary cell cultures, organ slices, and organ-on-a-chip) in ecotoxicological studies as scientists and governments begin the shift to new approach methodologies, a shift validated by the recent memo by the Environmental Protection Agency announcing the end of mammalian testing in the next two decades. This rise has been hindered by the limited standards available for avian species and the unknowns surrounding cell-based assay applicability in extrapolation to in vivo. Toxicologists have incorporated these models in many different studies, including maternal deposition, mechanistic, metabolic, and non-target analysis methods, demonstrating the broad utility of cell-based assays. In ovo methods are ideal for reproductive and early life stage development studies, primary cell cultures for metabolic analysis, cell lines for long term studies requiring culture, organ slices for metabolic research, and organ-on-a-chip models for predictive analysis. These models all have their limitations that researchers need to consider when choosing which is most appropriate for the intended research, however. The current indications are that future avian cell-based model testing would benefit from expanding the species diversity available in cell lines and increasing metabolic conservation in full replacement methods. In ovo and primary cell culture methods should also be examined to increase efficiency and further reduce animal usage. This review examines the use, limitations, and published applications of these models in an ecotoxicological context to understand the current state of avian cell-based models to explain what future directions should be taken and how best to apply the methods available to current problems that avian researchers are approaching.


An analytical solution to polarized lidar return, including multiple scattering from stratified media with large scatters, is developed and discussed.


To the Editor: Because of shared routes of transmission, coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common among HIV-infected people. Over the past few years, HBV and HCV have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients in developed countries, where classic opportunistic infections have declined as a result of the widespread use of potent antiretroviral therapies. Although increasing attention has been paid to HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfections, there are few data on HIV/ HBV/HCV triple infection. This retrospective study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic coinfection with HBV and HCV in a large cohort of HIV-infected persons and to investigate the replicative patterns of both viruses in such patients. In September 2006, we reviewed the charts of all HIV-positive patients being followed at our outpatient clinic. On the basis of prior medical records data, subjects with chronic HBV and/or HCV coinfection were identified. Chronic HBV and HCV infections were defined by the presence of, respectively, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and the antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in serum for at least 6 months. Demographic, laboratory, and treatment data (gender, age, HIV risk factor, duration of HIV infection, AIDS diagnosis, CD4 cell count, plasma HIV RNA level, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] level, current alcohol abuse, diagnosis of chronic liver disease, previous or current interferon-a therapy, and current antiretroviral treatment) on patientswith HIV/HBV/HCV triple infection who had been visited at least once in the past 6 months were collected; they refer to the last checkup before the beginning of the study. To evaluate viral activity, we tested each of these patients for HBV and HCV viremia levels. Serum HBV DNA was measured by means of the Versant HBV-DNA 3.0 Assay (branched DNA [bDNA]; Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY), with a detection limit of 2000 copies/mL, whereas serum HCV RNA was detected using the Cobas Amplicor HCV Test 2.0 (Roche Diagnostics, Branchburg, NJ), with a sensitivity limit of 50 IU/mL. In HCV RNA– positive cases, viremia was quantified by the Versant HCV-RNA 3.0 Assay (Bayer Diagnostics), with a detection limit of 615 IU/mL. Active HBV infection was defined on the basis of an HBV viremia level greater than 10 copies/mL, whereas active HCV infection was defined by the presence of detectable HCV viremia. Data were analyzed using the SPSS (Chicago, IL) 13.0 for Windows XP software package. The charts of 1656 HIV-1–infected outpatients attending our clinic were examined. We found that 548 patients (33%) were anti-HCV–positive, 47 (3%) were HbsAg-positive, and 21 (1%) were HbsAgand anti-HCV–positive. Among the 21 HIVHBV-HCV–coinfected patients, 13 (62%) were considered evaluable for the purpose of our study. Their characteristics were as follows: 10 (77%) male and 3 (23%) female; median age of 43 years (range: 36–56 years); HIV risk factors represented by 10 (77%) injecting drug users, 2 (15%) homosexuals, and 1 (8%) heterosexual; median duration of HIV infection of 14 years (range: 7–21 years); 3 (23%) with AIDS and 10 (77%) without AIDS; median CD4 count of 378 cells/mL (range: 58–1052 cells/mL); median HIV RNA level of 184 copies/mL (range: 49–33,582 copies/mL); median alanine aminotransferase level of 51 IU/L (range: 16–482 IU/L); 1 (8%) with current alcohol abuse and 12 (92%) without current alcohol abuse; and 7 (54%) with chronic liver disease and 6 (46%) without chronic liver disease. Two patients (15%) had been treated with peginterferon a-2b plus ribavirin for HCV, with a sustained virologic response in 1, but neither of them was currently on HCV treatment. All patients except 1 (92%) were on combination antiretroviral therapy, including at least 1 drug also active against HBV, such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), lamivudine (3TC), or emtricitabine (FTC). After testing for HBV and HCV viremia levels, we found active HBV and HCVinfection in no patients, inactive infection by both viruses in 5 (39%), active HBV and inactive HCV in 2 (15%), and inactive HBV and active HCV in 6 (46%). Table 1 shows the detailed findings of the exposure to TDF, 3TC, and FTC as well as the replicative patterns of HBV and HCV in the study population. The 2 patients with active HBVinfection had HBV DNA levels greater than 10 copies/mL, although they were both on TDF and FTC. Among the patients with active HCV infection, the median HCV RNA level was 222,159 IU/mL (range: 2722–772,549 IU/mL). The HCV genotype was 3 in all patients except 1, who exhibited genotype 4. Among the 8 patients with active HBV or HCV infection, 7 (88%) had evidence of chronic liver disease; specifically, chronic hepatitis was found in 3 cases and cirrhosis in the other 4 (2 with active HBVand 2 with active HCV). Among the patients with chronic hepatitis, 1 also had a history of current alcohol abuse and 2 presented with serum antibody to hepatitis D virus, although they were HDV RNA–negative. Because the small number of individuals with triple infection did not allow us to achieve adequate statistical power, we performed only a descriptive analysis. We found that active HBV infection was


We study the possibility of generalising the Einstein--Straus model to anisotropic settings, by considering the matching of locally cylindrically symmetric static regions to the set of $G_4$ on $S_3$ locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) spacetimes. We show that such matchings preserving the symmetry are only possible for a restricted subset of the LRS models in which there is no evolution in one spacelike direction. These results are applied to spatially homogeneous (Bianchi) exteriors where the static part represents a finite bounded interior region without holes. We find that it is impossible to embed finite static strings or other locally cylindrically symmetric static objects (such as bottle or coin-shaped objects) in reasonable Bianchi cosmological models, irrespective of the matter content. Furthermore, we find that if the exterior spacetime is assumed to have a perfect fluid source satisfying the dominant energy condition, then only a very particular family of LRS stiff fluid solutions are compatible with this model.
Finally, given the interior/exterior duality in the matching procedure, our results have the interesting consequence that the Oppenheimer-Snyder model of collapse cannot be generalised to such anisotropic cases.


abstractPreparation of 1-hydroxybenzimidazolone (1) was by oxidative ring closure of 1-benzyloxy-3-phenylurea followed by hydrogenolysis to remove the benzyl group. Preparation of the O-tosyl derivati


Thiolcarbonates pyrolyse more slowly than carbonates. Where the sulphur atom is attached to the group which will form the olefin, this difference amounts to three orders of magnitude; when the sulphur atom is in the other ether position it is only ten-fold. These rate changes are discussed in terms of similar substitutions in thioacetates.


Nickel phosphide nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous silica (Ni2P@mSiO2) were used to probe particle size effects in the deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). The HDS properties of the well-defined nanoparticle catalysts were compared to those of Ni2P/SiO2 catalysts prepared by different methods and having different particle sizes. The Ni2P@mSiO2 nanocatalysts had Ni2P particle sizes of 6.3, 11.4, and 16.0 nm, while the Ni2P/SiO2 catalysts had particle sizes of 3.2 and 5.7 nm. Linear correlations of CO chemisorption capacity and 4,6-DMDBT HDS activity with calculated Ni2P surface area were observed for the Ni2P@mSiO2 nanocatalysts. The CO chemisorption measurements yield a value of 0.28 CO molecules per surface Ni atom, with some Ni sites likely blocked by the mesoporous silica shell that encapsulates Ni2P nanoparticles, as well as possibly by excess P at the particle surfaces. HDS turnover frequencies (TOFs), normalized on the basis of surface Ni sites and CO c...


We propose an enhanced e-mail message format to provide a privacy-enhanced transport for e-mail delivery. The format consists of two parts. The first one is MENV (Mail with ENVelope). MENV is a message format of encapsulating the envelope information of a message into the body of a new message. MENV adds mail transfer functionality to a mailbox retrieval protocol such as POP3. The second one is MENVPRIV (MENV with PRIVacy). MENVPRIV provides protection against spoofing and wiretapping of the entire parts of a message by combining MENV and a cryptographic mail transport such as PGP. By using MENVPRIV a group of user can operate a virtual privacy-enhanced network of e-mail with an adequate privacy protection against the wiretapping and the traffic analysis.


The purpose of the research was to determine the ethical practice of accounting technicians at the MBS Sharia Savings and Loans Financing Cooperative (Muamalah Berkah Sejahtera) Surabaya. In this research, the authors assessed the activities related to accounting and the daily behavior of technicians. Qualitative descriptive including the type of research used. Observations, interviews and documents to obtain data from the MBS Sharia Savings and Loans Financing Cooperative. The analysis used in this research was carried out in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and examination. The results obtained are that there are various unethical and ethical behaviors carried out by accounting technicians. ethical behavior is shown by way of solving problems in a family way or deliberation by accountants, technical with effective solutions, technical who always trusts its members, correct and good technical in carrying out their duties. Meanwhile, unethical technicians, such as not being transparent to prospective members and job exchanges or doing work that is not in accordance with the organizational structure.


The thesis of this study is that the goal of political democracy, which was based on Kenya's "African Socialism," has over time fallen in abeyance because the political leaders underestimated possible barriers (such as ethnic-political conflict) when defining the ideas of "African Socialism." This study evaluates Kenya's economic, political, and social systems in operation before white conquest, during colonialism, and after independence. This approach is analytical and explains how the system as a whole functions or fails to function. The thesis concludes that the government's goal of political democracy has not been met because it was based on misconceived notions of "African Socialism." African tribalism existed before "African Socialism" and continues to dominate the Kenya society.


Peptides with particular affinity and specificity for variety of targets are selected through panning procedure from random peptide phage display libraries. Efficiency and convenience of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for screening and evaluating peptide-displaying phage clones were compared using streptavidin as a model protein target.


Spatial modulation (SM) technology is one of promising methods that can achieve excellent energy efficiency for 5G/6G wireless communications by switching massive antenna elements but only employing small number of RF chains. In this article, we will apply this technology to another type wireless antenna: leaky coaxial cable (LCX). LCX is a line shaped antenna, and mainly employed for wireless coverage in some long-shallow environments such as tunnels, underground malls due to its uniform and stable radiation characteristics along the cable. Compared with conventional monopole antenna, LCX has large number of slots on cable for transmitting or receiving wireless signal. Therefore, by opening or closing (On/Off) these slots, the total number of channel patterns will be largely increased. This property can be used for the design of SM and for the improvement of capacity of wireless system. This paper will explain this idea and show the SM capacity using On/Off the slots of LCX over environments with and without reflected waves.


This article focuses on internet use as a mediating factor in identity formulation and maintenance among the minority Russian community living within post-Soviet space, but outside of the Russian Federation. I argue that regular internet usage among ethnic Russians in the near abroad has precipitated a denationalization of identity since the breakup of the USSR. The shock of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the often painful demands of living as an 'immigrant' in one's birth country, and the concurrent psychic traumas of globalization have created a powerful nexus which has deeply impacted younger near abroad Russians who, in turn, have turned to cyberspace to help them make sense of their place in world – a process which has, rather paradoxically, promoted postnational, globalist identities. Through regular web use and the creation of transnational communication networks, these Russian digerati are increasingly acting as agents of globalization within their own communities and steadily distinguishing themselves from the larger Russian community residing in the ethnic homeland.


Providing timely and meaningful feedback of programming assignments to students is very important to ensure a smooth learning curve. However, this can be a time-consuming task for teachers and instructors. There are some tools that already provide support for grading programming assignments, and some are already integrated with learning management systems that allow teaching staff to manage all this information in a more effective way. In this work, an analysis of tools for automatic grading of programming assignments in Moodle is carried out. A comparison of these tools is presented and one of them is tested and recommended for its future implementation and deployment. Finally, some recommendations for further improvements are described.


Aims: To assess the knowledge of off-springs of diabetic patients regarding, perceived risk of developing type II diabetes &possibilities of its prevention and behaviour of study participants to adopt healthy lifestyle for the prevention of diabetes was also explored. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore and Mayo Hospital Lahore from 1st February 2020 to 31st July 2020. Methodology:Two hundred and fifty individuals were enrolled. A face to face interview of all study participants was conducted and a questionnaire was filled. Results: There were 103(41.2%) had good knowledge regarding various aspects of diabetes, 120(48.0%) and 139(55.6%) had a good understanding of diabetes risk factors and prevention, respectively. It was shown that 74 (29.6%), had a high risk of getting diabetes in the future and only 112 (44.8%) of the individuals had strong diabetes preventive practices. A high score of preventive lifestyle was significantly associated with good level of knowledge of participants regarding diabetes (p=0.0165) and also with patients having great concern about their risk of getting diabetes in future (p=0.0052). Conclusions: People who have one or both parents with type 2 diabetes are typically aware that they have a higher chance of developing diabetes themselves. They, on the other hand, frequently underestimate the danger and have limited knowledge of potentially effective preventative interventions. If they are to decrease their risk of diabetes and its consequences, they need correct knowledge on it. Keywords: Offsprings of diabetics, Prevention of diabetes, Knowledge about diabetes


Akhil's individualized education program team was frustrated with how frequently he was engaging in problem behavior, despite the behavior intervention plan (BIP) they had in place. He tore up most worksheets or assignments, even after he had completed some of the work. The team's functional behavior assessment (FBA) data indicated that Akhil's problem behavior was followed by teacher attention more than any other consequence. Based on these data, they determined Akhil must be engaging in property destruction to access teacher attention, and they designed the BIP to address this function. "We conducted the FBA and implemented a function-based intervention by the books," they said to one another, "so why is Akhil still engaging in problem behavior?" The purpose of a functional behavior assessment (FBA) is to find out why problem behavior occurs, or identify the purpose or "function" problem behavior serves in a given setting (Sugai et al., 2000). For example, a student might engage in problem behavior to gain attention from teachers or peers, access preferred items or activities, or avoid or escape nonpreferred activities. To identify the purpose or function the problem behavior serves, school teams assess how a student's environment affects problem behavior, as well as how problem behavior affects a student's environment. These individualized assessments are warranted when problem behavior persists despite universal or classwide supports being in place (Sugai et al., 2000). A function-based approach to assessing and treating problem behavior assumes that if problem behavior continues to occur, the behavior is being reinforced by some change it produces in the environment. In other words, one or more of the consequences that commonly follow problem behavior make the behavior more likely to occur again in the future. By identifying classroom consequences that potentially reinforce problem behavior, results of FBAs are used to design a behavior intervention plan (BIP). A primary purpose of the BIP is to reverse contingencies of reinforcement for problem behavior so that (a) the relationship between problem behavior and reinforcement is weakened, and (b) the relationship between an appropriate replacement behavior and reinforcement is strengthened (Gresham, Watson, & Skinner, 2001). Reinforcement is withheld following problem behavior and instead delivered following an appropriate alternative behavior. For example, if an FBA indicated that a student called out to get his teacher's attention, a BIP would likely involve withholding attention following disruptive callouts, and instead delivering immediate attention following appropriate attentionseeking behaviors, such as handraising or tapping the teacher on the shoulder. Effective FBAs and BIPs rely on the identification of contingencies between problem behavior and variables in the classroom that may serve as reinforcers. The purposes of this tutorial are to define contingencies in the context of FBA and BIP; present a classroom-friendly method of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting contingency data; and describe how contingency data may be used to inform or improve interventions for problem behavior. What Are Contingencies?


In this paper, according to the prospecting and experimental data and analogous analysis of geological environments, quantitative and qualitative calculation is made for the landslip along the highway (Section K4+450-K4+780) and some controls on engineering is put forward. In the opinion of authors, the landslip will happen when, with some definite geological environments, side-slope is formed in open-dig-side-slope and the supporting project and roadbed project haven't finished. It is generally in raining season or after rainstorm that open-dig-side-slope causes highway landslip. The academic gist is provided for the construction in the mountainous area and the solution to the practical problems in the project.


This work studies how the activism of institutional investors, specifically private equity funds, influences the development of corporate governance in Brazil. We analyze the control and ownership structure of Brazilian publicly listed companies in order to identify the presence of private equity funds as shareholders. Corporate governance is evaluated through three alternative proxies: a broad governance index, listing on Novo Mercado and presence of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). Our results indicate a positive influence of private equity funds on the quality of corporate governance practices in Brazil. Firms with private equity tend to have better governance index, and list more on Novo Mercado. There is a moderate relation between the stake of private equity in a company and ADR listing.


Ever since Lejeune et nl. (1959) described 9 cases of mongolism with 47 chromosomes, which led to an extensive series of publications by a large number of authors, it has been known that the anomaly is mostly characterized by trisomy for chromosome number 21. In 1960 i t was also learned that other kinds of chromosomal aberration occasionally occur in this disorder. Studies of families with many instances of mongolism [a, 111 and of children with this anomaly born to unusually young women [ 121 revealed an abnormal karyotype assumed to be caused by translocation between a number 21 and 15 chromosome (Denver nomenclature), generally designated as 15/21 translocation. The children in whom this was observed had 46 chromosomes. The translocation was transmitted by clinically normal women with 45 chromosomes. Forssman & Lehmann [5] discovered the same translocation in a normal boy. (His family belongs to one of the 11 described in this paper.) A third deviation in this anomaly, interpreted as a 21/21 or 21/22 et al. [ll] and Fraccaro et al. [6]. Both these groups of authors discovered the deviation by chance, in cases in which mongolism was not of familial occurrence and in which the mot,hers were not particularly young. Obviously, trisomy for the 21st chromosome is by far the most common chromosomal aberration occurring in mongolism. The best way to get an idea of how often the more infrequent aberrations occur would be to study the karyotype in a nonselected series of newborn children with mongolism. It may be assumed that several authors have already begun series of this kind, but i t will naturally be some time before they will get enough data for statistical analysis.


Part 1 Contemporary issues: internal conflicts and international law, O. Schachter politics and principles in major international settlements, I. Brownlie complexities of distinction between "Old" and "New" internationa law empirical question marks, G. Schwarzenberger structural adjustments with a human face and human rights in development - new approaches in the fourth lome convention, G. White the new law of the sea and navigation - a view from the Mediterranean, B. Vukas the concept of international law at the end of the 20th century, M. Sahovic problems of refugees in the developing countries and the need for international Burden-Sharing, J.N. Saxena progressive development of refugee law and its c


We use observations of the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) to search for gamma-ray and hard X-ray emission associated with the gravitational wave events discovered during the first and the second scientific runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. The highly eccentric orbit of INTEGRAL ensures high duty cycle, long-term stable background, and unobstructed view of nearly the entire sky. This enables us to use a combination of INTEGRAL instruments (SPectrometer onboard INTEGRAL - Anti-Coincidence Shield (SPI-ACS), Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite (IBIS), and IBIS/Veto) to search for a hard X-ray electromagnetic signal in the full high-probability sky region for almost every single LIGO trigger. INTEGRAL observations of the binary black hole (BBH) mergers GW150914, LVT151012, GW170104, and GW170814 allowes to constrain the fraction of the energy promptly released in gamma-rays in 75 keV - 2 MeV energy range in the direction of the observer down to as little as one millionth of the gravitational wave energy, in the majority of the localization region. Moreover, in the case of LVT151012 INTEGRAL high-energy imaging instruments, IBIS, SPectrometer onboard INTEGRAL (SPI), and Joint European X-Ray Monitor (JEM-X), provided the unique opportunity to search also for long-lasting electromagnetic counterparts of this event over 3 decades in energy, from 5 keV to 8 MeV. Finally, we discuss the INTEGRAL detection of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A (discovered by Fermi-Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM)) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.6, and, for the first time, its association with the gravitational waves (GWs) from binary neutron star (BNS) merging event GW170817 detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories. The significance of association between the gamma-ray burst observed by INTEGRAL and GW170817 is 3.2 σ, while the association between the Fermi-GBM and INTEGRAL detections is 4.2 σ. GRB 170817A was detected by the SPI-ACS instrument about 2 s after the end of the gravitational wave event. We measure a fluence of 1.4±0.4±0.6×10−7 erg cm−2 (75–2000 keV), where, respectively, the statistical error is given at the 1 σ confidence level, and the systematic error corresponds to the uncertainty in the spectral model and instrument response.


We demonstrate 10Gbit/s operation of two different types of monolithic photocurrent driven wavelength converters (PD-WC). These photonic integrated circuits use a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)-PIN photodetector receiver to drive an Electro-absorption (EA), or Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator that is integrated with a SGDBR tunable laser. We demonstrate improvements in optical bandwidth, insertion losses, device gain, and modulation efficiency.


ABSTRACT Objectives: Mobile phones have been rapidly adopted by the general population and are now a promising technology with considerable potential in health care. However, refusal rates of 24%–75% have been reported in telemedicine studies. We aimed to report the challenges faced when recruiting patients to use Android and iOS smartphone applications aimed at improving medication management and communication between patients and healthcare professionals. Methods: The patients invited to participate had heart failure and/or hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. After reaching the number of participants required for inclusion, the recruitment process was analyzed, and the study team determined the reasons for refusal. Results: Of the 448 potential participants who were invited to participate, 210 responded. Of these, 37.1% did not use a smartphone, 2.9% owned a mobile phone that was neither iOS nor Android, and 28.6% were smartphone users who refused to participate. In this case, the most common motive was that patients considered their routine healthcare sufficient and had no trouble remembering to take their medicines (81.7%). The final study sample comprised 48 patients. The mean age of the patients enrolled was significantly lower than that of participants who were not included (59.9 ± 10.6 vs. 66.8 ± 11.4 years, respectively; p=0.00). Conclusion: We found age to be an important barrier to smartphone use in healthcare. Among smartphone users, good adherence and sufficient routine healthcare were the most common reasons for refusal to participate. Thus, this type of intervention could enhance participation for poor adherers or caregivers. Implementing educational initiatives could play a key role in improving patient perceptions of technology.


This work-in-progress paper describes the initial efforts and findings from the development of a pedagogical approach to prepare pre-service teachers for teaching engineering and engaging with the community mediated through an online portal. This project incorporates the latest research on inverted classrooms and best practices for online learning in an effort to build the VILLA Community of Practice. VILLA has been designed in a manner that makes it unique in the area of instructional technology and web-based learning. This project recognizes the importance of engaging community in the teaching and learning of engineering-based content. Where VILLA is able to distinguish itself from other service-learning projects is the use of an inverted classroom format to facilitate instruction and the emphasis on modeling artifacts as a representation of student learning.


The authors study damage spreading in the classical two-dimensional XY model, using a dynamics and distance measure which preserve the rotational invariance of the Hamiltonian. They find only a high temperature random phase and a low temperature ordered phase, consistent with equilibrium results. Their results contrast to previous results of Golinelli and Derrida (1988).


The treatment consisted of seven levels of potassium i.e. 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 900 and 1000 g K tree-1/year. All the trees received uniform dose of 700 g N per tree per year as CAN and 350 g P2O5 per tree per year as single super phosphate and potassium was applied as muriate of potash. The data observed on tree growth showed that different levels of potassium had significant effect on growth characters, which might be due to better root development and nutrient uptake. Leaf N, P, Ca and Mg contents decreased with the increase in the K levels from 400 g to 1000 g K2O tree-1 though the effect on N was found to be non- significant.


We clarify why the worldsheet evidence for a Dirichlet p-brane spectrum in the type II string theories with −2 ≤ p ≤ 9 is consistent with electric-magnetic duality in eleven target spacetime dimensions. We review our identification of the Dirichlet(-2)brane in hep-th/0007056 based upon the covariant worldsheet formalism for macroscopic loop amplitudes. We show that an operator formulation of the macroscopic loop amplitude must incorporate loop translation generators, P̂ [C], into the standard boundary state formalism. We explain why our operator formulation is consistent with Schnakenburg and West's observation that a contravariant one form generator in the global symmetry algebra of the massive type IIA supergravity has the correct commutation relations to be identified with the (-1)form supergravity potential predicted by electric-magnetic duality. Current Address: 1312 Oak Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060. Email: email@example.com


The connection between the thrombosis and cancer was known long ago. The lasting activation of blood coagulation, connection between the system of hemostasis and the malignant cell growth and the metastasis, cure of the disease (surgery, chemotherapy) increase the risk of the VTE and demand the profilactic of the hemostasis disorders and thrombotic complications.


How Do At-home Genetic Tests Work? At-home genetic tests use a sample of saliva, blood, or a cheek swab that is collected at home and sent to a private laboratory. Your DNA is extracted from the sample and tested for a limited number of specific genes that may be tied to health risk. Each testing company selects which genes to analyze. Some at-home tests are sold directly to consumers without a physician's referral or prescription (eg, 23andMe, Ancestry). Other tests can only be ordered through a health care professional.


2018 marks the ten year anniversary of Anatomical Sciences Education (ASE), which has become one of the premier journals in the field of scientific educational research. ASE provides a home for educational research in the areas of gross anatomy, embryology, histology, and neuroanatomy. While these sub‐disciplines of anatomy have been taught for centuries, methods of their instruction have transformed drastically over the past several decades. These changes have spurred an increased interest in anatomy education research, which was a driving factor in the creation of ASE. Thus, ASE provides a window into trends involving both pedagogy in the field of anatomy and development of anatomy education research as a distinct field. The goal of this paper is to evaluate these areas by analyzing publications over the ten year history of ASE. Results show that while all sub‐disciplines are represented, gross anatomy has dominated with over 85% of the publications focusing on this area. Perhaps not surprisingly, approximately 70% of the research involves pre‐clinical medical students, a trend that has remained consistent over the past ten years. There has, however, been a statistically significant (p<0.05) change in the type of data used in these projects. Earlier research was largely descriptive in nature and utilized either quantitative or qualitative data whereas mixed method approaches were more common in recent years. These and several other areas related to anatomy education research will be explored and discussed in the context of the broader field of educational research.


Chinese painting is one of the representatives of Chinese traditional culture and its art and cultural value is very high. By analyzing the influence of design composition on Chinese painting, this paper argues that the establishment of design composition not only enhances the art level of Chinese painting, but also has a profound influence on the thought of Chinese painting. In this regard, we need to deeply understand the characteristics of Chinese painting and strive to create Chinese painting works with unique aesthetic characteristics and personality traits on this basis.


The present study examined the stability of rope jumping skill measured by relative phase under different available sensory information. Nine male and nine female university students were required to perform a sequence of rope jumping at different pacing frequencies (1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 Hz) and in two different conditions: a) rope was turned by the performer itself (haptic information available), and b) rope was turned by others (visual and auditory information available). Passive marks were fixed on the rope and on the hip, knee, and ankle joint for analysis of the dependent variables: height of the rope, height of the jump and discrete relative phase. Overall, the results suggested that the motor pattern for jumping the rope is more stable when the performer herself/himself turns the hope and consequently is able to use haptic information in order to control the motor action as opposed to when only visual and auditory information are available.


Different from the first two papers, this paper focuses on media coverage with clear-cut evaluations on the European Union respectively on EU integration. We seek to understand under which conditions mass media cover Euroskeptic positions – either in their commentary section or by quoting "opportune witnesses" (Hagen 1993) in their reporting. Euroskepticism "expresses the idea of contingent or qualified opposition, as well as incorporating outright and unqualified opposition to the process of European integration" (Taggart 1998). We applied this definition to our analysis of media coverage of European integration issues.
To test under which conditions mass media turn Euroskeptic we rely on a quantitative content analysis of quality and tabloid newspapers' EU reporting 12 weeks preceding the EP elections. We do so in seven countries (Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, France, Great Britain, Portugal, Greece) that vary systematically according to their degree of political parallelism as well as in their degree of elite polarization (measured by means of quantitative content analysis of parties' press releases).
We thereby expect variation among media outlets. As the tabloid style of reporting is known for its tendency to mix fact and factions and its critical evaluations (Brichta 2006; Esser 1999), we expect tabloids to be the frontrunner for Euroskeptic position-taking. Beyond, country differences may be explained by the degree of politicization of EU integration among political elites. According to Benett's indexing hypothesis "mass media news professionals […] tend to 'index' the range of voices and viewpoints in both news and editorials according to the range of views expressed in mainstream government debate about a given topic." (Bennett 1990: 106). We therefore expect that in countries, where political elites hold conflicting positions regarding EU integration, the media through the coverage of Euroskeptic positions will capture this conflict. In countries, where a pro-European consensus dominates, we will hardly find any Euroskeptic positions in media coverage. The strength of political parallelism within a media system serves as a moderator for the coverage of Euroskeptic positions in the media (Hallin & Mancini 2004). The higher the political parallelism the more mass media reflect political positions in a biased way.


In his laments, the prophet Jeremiah moves beyond the typical prophetic role of spokesperson. Rather than mediating a divine message, the prophet speaks to the deity from his own suffering. Scholars tend to see Jeremiah's laments as presenting either a radically interior form of religion or a kind of community protest in which the "I" of the lament is a metonymy for the "we" of the nation. This paper will instead locate Jeremiah's laments within a discourse on the effective nature of prophetic utterance. Understood in this manner, these laments portray the prophet as praying effectively for the destruction of Judah.


Prof. Jens Rasmussen, Aarhus University, Denmark, presenting his keynote address entitled 'Teacher Expertise: How to improve the Relation between Theory and Practice in Teacher Education'.