following thesis entitled " A Parameterisable Walsh Transform ". This work was performed under the supervision of Dr Adam Postula. I declare that the work submitted in this thesis is my own, except as acknowledged in the text and footnotes, and has not been previously submitted for a degree at the University of Queensland or any other institution. Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge the guidance and assistance of all those who aided in the development and implementation of this thesis. I must express my gratitude and thanks to Dr Adam Postula and Simon Leung for their help and guidance throughout the year. I would also like to thank my fellow students for their assistance when it was required and all of those involved in my life outside my thesis. I finally would like to thank my parents for always being there. And a special mention must go to my friend and colleague Clifton Cunningham for his colour printer. ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis was to create a parameterisable Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform in the form of a robust intellectual property core. This paper provides background information on the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), reprogrammable hardware and the current state of the intellectual property (IP) industry. The functionality of the IP core that was produced is explained, and further areas for study are explored. Customisable features of the transform include the number of points, the input word length, and the ordering. It is noted that the parameterisable FWHT core is consistent with IP principles, in that it is technology independent, customisable, and synthesizable.


An in-beam \begin{document}${\rm{\gamma }}$\end{document} spectroscopic study, based on the XTU Tandem accelerator of the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in Italy, has been performed to explore the collective motion in 130Ba. A significantly extended level scheme of 130Ba has been built in the present work. High-spin states of 130Ba were populated via the 122Sn(13C, 5n) reaction at a beam energy of 65 MeV. The \begin{document}${\rm{\gamma }}$\end{document} rays were detected by the GALILEO spectrometer, while the neutrons and charged particles were detected by the Neutron Wall array and the EUCLIDES silicon apparatus, respectively. A series of new rotational bands in 130Ba have been identified, among which there is a new structure populating to the previously known 9.4 ms isomer. With the help of previously reported intrinsic quadrupole moment and magnetic moment, we extracted precise value of the g factors of this isomer. According to the band structure analysis, the coexistence of prolate and oblate shapes has been observed in 130Ba, while the orientation of collective rotation can be either along or away from the principal axes. It is the first time to identify a tilted band in the A = 130 mass region. Theoretical analysis suggests that a new band can be interpreted as the wobbling motion built on two-quasiparticle configuration, which is the first wobbling band observed in an even-even nucleus.


The present invention combines IP multicasting mechanisms with SCSI protocols to achieve a more efficient data replication or data mirroring scheme. The combination of the IP multicast mechanism with the mapping of virtual unit logical number to real logical unit numbers, combined with the use of SCSI response frames, ensures the integrity of multicasted data. By use of the SCSI protocol over the TCP/IP according to the present invention, there is no further need to transfer multiple copies of the same data on the same communication link, and the routing logic may be removed from initiator and targets to IP routers.


1, 3-Dipolar addition reaction of 2- (N, N'-diarylamidino) thiazolium salts with heterocumulenes such as isocyanate and isothiocyanate yielded 4-aryliminoparabanic acid derivatives. On the other hand, action of alkali upon the 2-amidinothiazolium salts afforded 2-arylimino-2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-thiazin-3-one derivatives providing a new ring expansion reaction of thiazolium salts to 1, 4-thiazine derivatives.


From the Publisher:
Jini and JavaSpaces Application Development demonstrates real-world usage and application of the Jini technology. Specifically the book presents and builds on the concept of a "virtual development center." It will use the concepts of distributed development, open-source, virtual corporations, and the borderless world as a backdrop to developing products and services using Jini and JavaSpaces technologies.


Reactive dyes were applied to dyeing of soybean /casein /polyvinyl alcohol blend fibers( short for double protein fibers). The influence of dyeing temperature,dyeing time,dosage of sodium carbonate and sodium chloride on dye up-take and color fixation was studied. The dyeing performance of double protein fiber and soybean protein fiber were compared. The build-up properties of these dyes were also discussed. The results showed that the optimal process of medium temperature reactive dyeing of double protein fiber was sodium carbonate 1- 2 g/L,sodium chloride 20- 40 g/L,and dyeing at 60 ℃ for more than 60 min; the optimal process of high temperature reactive dyeing of double protein fiber was sodium carbonate 0 g/L,sodium chloride 20- 40 g/L,and dyeing at 80 to 90 ℃ for more than 60 min; the dye up-take rate and color fixation rate of double protein fiber were higher than those of soybean protein fiber under the same dyeing conditions. The build-up of reactive dyes on double protein fibers was good as well.


B L, male aged 3 History: Presented with symptoms of enteritis due to Shigella sonnei. Physical features suggested de Lange syndrome. Past history: Full term normal delivery, birth weight 6 lb 7 oz (2.9 kg), early milestones probably not excessively delayed. Family history: Mother aged 23, separated from husband. Father aged 25, reads and writes with difficulty, said to have resembled patient exactly in his childhood. Siblings: female aged 5, normal; male, died at one month from 'chest illness'; female, died after twelve hours, premature. On examination: Height 2 ft 101 in (88 cm) (25th percentile); weight 2 st 31b (13.9 kg) (25th per-


Pasting characteristics were examined for conventionally or ohmically heated rice starch and rice flours. Brown rice flour showed the greatest cooking stability and least retrogradation potential. Brown rice flour also showed the greatest pasting temperature and lowest peak viscosity, whereas commercial starch had the lowest pasting temperature. Nonstarch components of the brown rice flour, such as fat and protein, may have acted as stabilizers delaying water access into the granules and reducing swelling of the starch. Ohmic heating reduced pasting temperature for commercial rice starch, resulting in a starch that swelled faster. Furthermore, ohmic heating produced better cooking stability in white rice flour 1 and 2 than in the native sample, and caused white rice flour 2 to have less potential for retrogradation than the conventionally heated sample. At lower electric field strength (20 V/cm), ohmic heating resulted in the greatest cooking stable starches compared to higher voltages (40 and 70 V/cm) because more starch granules were disrupted from a longer cooking time, so there were fewer intact granules for pasting. Ohmic heating has been shown to alter rice starch and flour pasting characteristics with an added influence of lipids, proteins, and amylose contents.


Current algorithms about digital image scrambling were introduced and analyzed.The merits of the chaotic sequence were introduced in detail.Based on the introduction of the game play of Rubik's cube,it was pointed out that the initial scrambling of Rubik's cube could be taken as an encryption process.Meanwhile,the possibility of applying the encryption principle of Rubik's cube to digital image scrambling was analyzed.Finally,a new algorithm about digital image scrambling,which combined the merits of chaos and Rubik's cube,was designed.This method defined image's rows,columns and diagonal lines as the surfaces of rotation,and the revolving of Rubik's cube as the circulation migration of rotation surfaces.The first step of the new method was to gain the chaotic sequences according to the keys.The second step was to scramble the image through Rubik's cube transform controlled by the chaotic sequences gained in the first step.By contrast with the experimental results of other algorithms,it shows that the algorithm has a better image scrambling effect and could reach the purposes of image scrambling.Analysis shows that the algorithm has lower complexity and higher security and meets the actual needs of application.


At present, early childhood education is no longer just reserved for children aged 4-5 years who want to prepare for formal schooling at primary school. Early childhood education also provides facilities for children with younger age, like a play groups for toddlers and baby classes. With younger age children entering the school, the role and responsibilities of teachers in early childhood education (ECE) also known as Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) in Indonesian language, was greater for educating these children. On the other hand, parents need to be aware that the main responsibility for the education of children was in their hands than in the hands of school teachers. But this is not the case in some cities. In several PAUD in Malang, East Java, it can be seen the sights where the mother was present in the classroom. This situation usually become the issues to be solved by trying to separate the mother from their children during the learning process in the classroom. This article is trying to see this problems from different view: why not benefiting the presence of the mother in the classroom as one of the learning facilitator also. This article will be discussing the efforts of the active involvement of mother in early childhood education classroom in terms of being the active learning facilitator for their own children. This article is based on several literatures on the role of parents and early childhood education, which may be more effective to be applied in Indonesia, especially in the area of Malang, East Java.


In current experiments with cold quantum gases in periodic potentials, interference fringe contrast is typically the easiest signal in which to look for effects of nontrivial many-body dynamics. In order better to calibrate such measurements, we analyze the background effect of thermal decoherence as it occurs in the absence of dynamical interparticle interactions. We study the effect of optical lattice potentials, as experimentally applied, on the condensed fraction of a noninteracting Bose gas in local thermal equilibrium at finite temperatures. We show that the experimentally observed decrease of the condensate fraction in the presence of the lattice can be attributed, up to a threshold lattice height, purely to ideal-gas thermodynamics; conversely, we confirm that sharper decreases in first-order coherence observed in stronger lattices are indeed attributable to many-body physics. Our results also suggest that the fringe visibility ``kinks'' observed in Gerbier et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 050404 (2005) may be explained in terms of the competition between increasing lattice strength and increasing mean gas density, as the Gaussian profile of the red-detuned lattice lasers also increases the effective strength of the harmonic trap.


In the modern TRIZ, the function analysis is often used to analyze complex system whose principles are difficult to understand or confuse problems are needed to identify. In this paper, the function analysis is used to build the Numeric Design Structure Matrix (NDSM) of the system, and then we cluster the system components into four modules according the Genetic algorithm. Finally, the law of system completeness is introduced to identify the type of the module and judge the degree of idealization of each module. As a result, the problem scope of system is ascertained.


Applications of graphene require large scale technologies of its synthesis. Here graphite oxide (GO) plays an important role. Methods of conversion of GO into graphene include microwave exfoliation of GO and a chemical reduction of GO using various strong reducing agents, such as hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride, dymethylhydrizine. The present paper gives a review of our recent work focused on synthesis and studies of structure-properties relationaship in graphene and GO-based materials aimed for use in energy storage applciations.


The ongoing global Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a major threat. The spread of the COVID-19 virus is likely to occur from one location to another location due to the mobility of people. Many efforts and policies have been made by each country to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. The imposition of lockdown and large-scale social restrictions or social distancing has been widely applied to limit the transmission of this virus among the community and provincial levels. Both policies have proven effective in reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus. To obtain the overview of this case, many researchers were conducted. Here, the Generalized STAR (GSTAR) model was applied to model the increasing number of COVID-19 positive cases per day in six provinces in Java Island. The data was recorded simultaneously in six locations, namely in the Provinces of Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta Special Region, and East Java. This paper proposes a new approach in constructing the weight matrix required to build the GSTAR model, namely Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). The weight matrix represents the relationship among observed locations. By using the MST, a topological (undirected graph) network model could be created to show the correlation, centrality, and relationship on the increase of COVID-19 positive cases among the provinces in Java Island. The GSTAR(1;1) with the inverse distance weight matrix using MST presents a good ability to predict the COVID-19 increasing cases of Java island. This is indicated by the final MAPE average score of 19.55.


To the Editor.— A license to practice medicine and a certificate attesting to a physician's qualifications as a specialist should provide assurance to patients and peers of competence. It is therefore ridiculous to demand no more than 70% correct answers on an examination that should assure society that an examinee possesses knowledge essential to the proper diagnosis and treatment of patients. Such a criterion suggests that both the content of these examinations and the use of a grade system (which merely ranks examinees relative to each other) may be inappropriate. The examination of the American College of Physicians Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program 4 (November 1977) purports to reflect material that may be covered at an examination for recertification by the Board of Internal Medicine. Among the answers to questions answered correctly by a small number of physicians who took that examination were that the ventromedial hypothalamus is believed to control


How do the liquidity functions of banks affect investment and growth at different stages of economic development? How do financial fragility and the costs of banking crises evolve with the level of wealth of countries? We analyze these issues using an overlapping generations growth model where agents, who experience idiosyncratic liquidity shocks, can invest in a liquid storage technology or in a partially illiquid Cobb Douglas technology. We show that at early stages of economic development, a bank can increase welfare of its depositors only at the cost of lowering investment and growth. However once the economy has crossed certain wealth threshold, the liquidity role of banks becomes unambiguously growth enhancing. We find that as wealth increases, banks offer improving liquidity insurance. This provision increases financial fragility, but, at the same time, reduces the output costs of a banking crisis. Finally, we show that there are intertemporal gains of financial development even when the economy experienced a banking crisis in the course of its development.


Objective To evaluate the application of magnetic attachment in mandibular over denture.Methods 60 patients were randomly selected from the patients treated in the department of stomatology,Longyan People's Hospital.The mandibular of the selected patient were restored with magnetic assembly retained over denture.For each patient,the retention of the denture and masticatory efficiency were examined before,immediately after,and 21 days after that the magnetic assembly was attached.Results The retention of the denture and masticatory efficiency were significantly improved immediately after and 21 days after that the magnetic assembly were attached(P0.05).Conclusion The application of magnetic attachment in mandibular over denture can effectively increase the retention force,and improve the masticatory efficiency.


Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a program that provides conditional cash aid transfers to Very Poor Households (RTSM / KSM) which have been determined as PKH participants, which include health, education, and social welfare components. However, in its implementation, there is still misunderstanding from the community about which families are suitable and inappropriate to receive the fund. The purpose of this study is to assist in providing recommendations for PKH recipients. This research will implement the Multi Expert Multi Criteria Decision Making (MEMCDM) method in the decision support system. Trial data are 46 alternatives in Sinduadi village, Jetis and Trini sub-village in 2018. From the test results by comparing 46 alternatives with manual calculations and 46 alternative calculations using the system, it is obtained a value with 100% valid between the two calculations.

Keywords: Decision Support System, Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), Multi Expert Multi Criteria Decision Making (MEMCDM)


THE PREVENTION of the complications of electroshock therapy has long been a serious problem in psychiatry. The treatment of older patients has been particularly dangerous because of the high incidence of osteoporosis, which makes the patient more susceptible to fractures, and cardiovascular disease, which makes the patient more sensitive to asphyxia. The muscle-relaxing drug curare has been extensively used since 1940, 1 but its use has definite disadvantages. The action of the drug is prolonged, 10-40 minutes, and its histamine-like side-effects may result in arterial hypotension. It has practical limitations because its long action requires the time of extra personnel. Recent researches * in the use of the synthetic muscle-relaxing drugs have shown that succinylcholine chloride may be useful in electroshock therapy. This drug was first found to have muscle-relaxant effect by Bovet and co-workers in 1949. 2 It is a white odorless crystalline substance which is readily soluble in water.


Specific heat, magnetisation and susceptibility measurements on a single crystal of ytterbium gallium garnet (YbGaG) have been performed between 44-600 mK for the specific heat measurements and from 70 mK up to 4.2K for the magnetisation and susceptibility measurements. Specific heat measurements indicate that the magnetic ordering takes place in two steps. Initially there exists a magnetic ordering of unknown nature represented by a large broad hump with a rounded maximum. At about 180 mK, and below 54 mK, a long-range magnetic ordering occurs evidenced by a lambda-type anomaly in the specific heat. The changes in entropy, together with the temperature and field dependence of magnetisation, indicate that the ground state is a well isolated Kramers doublet. Therefore a molecular-field model of dipolar interactions cannot explain the unusual magnetic behaviour of YbGaG.


OFDM-IM based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access is a recently developed scheme, where flexibility is provided by both NOMA and OFDM-IM with an adjustable power allocation coefficient and an adjustable subcarrier activation ratio, respectively. However, the computational complexity of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector, used in the OFDM-IM NOMA scheme is very high. In this letter, a low complexity "two-stage Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR)" detector is proposed for the OFDM-IM NOMA scheme. Computer simulation results and complexity analysis verify that the proposed detector performs almost the same as the ML-based detector in all the various conditions, with much reduced computational complexity.


Contemporary globalisation is viewed both as offering immense opportunities and posing a fundamental threat to the nation-state and democratic governance. To the proponents of globalisation, integration into the world economy through liberalisation of foreign trade and capital flows, combined with deregulation of the national economy, promises greater economic efficiency, higher consumption levels and generally improved living standards. For them, state intervention in the economy aimed at restricting the free play of market forces is dysfunctional, resulting in lower social and economic benefits for the population at large. Within this optimistic perspective, globalisation is thought likely to 'flatten' economic differences between nations and lead to a 'borderless world', where the barriers to flows of capital, technology, and information will be minimised if not totally removed.


This contribution analyses the mode of walking in the Song of the Nibelungs (»Nibelungenlied«). Clearly, walking was a highly relevant gesture within this epos. The contribution examines four situations in which walking is the chosen form of communication. These are: The arrival of the young Siegfried at the court of Worms, the response to his Minne by Kriemhild, the consent of Etzel to the marriage with Kriemhild and the expression of belligerent emotions in the final clash between Hagen and Kriemhild at Etzel's court.


In this paper, we propose a multi-object tracking and reconstruction approach through measurement-level fusion of LiDAR and camera. The proposed method, regardless of object class, estimates 3D motion and structure for all rigid obstacles. Using an intermediate surface representation, measurements from both sensors are processed within a joint framework. We combine optical flow, surface reconstruction, and point-to-surface terms in a tightly-coupled non-linear energy function, which is minimized using Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS). We demonstrate the performance of our model on different datasets (KITTI with Velodyne HDL-64E and our collected data with 4-layer ScaLa Ibeo), and show an improvement in velocity error and crispness over state-of-the-art trackers.


A preliminary study was conducted to determine any modifications to basic soil properties following over-abundance of Bambusa bambos, a native bamboo species, that rapidly expanding its population in Intermediate and Dry Zone forests in Sri Lanka. Soil samples taken from representative sites of bamboo-dominated (BAM) and non-bamboo (NBM) forest patches were analyzed for pH, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), soil moisture and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). A growth assay was carried out with Ricinus communis seedlings in BAM and NBM soils (sterilized/unsterilized) in a glasshouse. The soil analysis revealed significantly higher N, P and moisture in BAM soils than in NBM. BAM soils were clayey in nature compared to silty soils in NBM. Ricinus communis grown in BAM soils performed better throughout the experimental period, perhaps due to higher soil nutrients. Ricinus communis grow better in unsterilized soils irrespective of bamboo, indicating a facilitative role of soil microbes on the growth of plants. The preliminary results suggest that either B. bambos spread has the potential to increase the soil fertility status or else B. bambos expands its population preferably on nutrient-rich clayey soils. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to confirm the impacts of B. bambos on edaphic properties which may eventually influence the growth of co-occurring native species.


The restitution of land abandoned in the context of armed conflict is a key reparation measure provided for by the Victims and Land Restitution Law of 1448/2011. In Santander, land judges have handed down 55 judgments as of December 2016. This article aims to analyze the status of the issue of restitution in the department, with a specific focus on the application and effectiveness of the law. This investigation is carried out through a descriptive analysis and interpretation of the judicial decisions and the post-decision stage. Given the complexity of the problem to be investigated, a diversity of sources have been consulted: national and international regulations and jurisprudence; official reports and statistics; databases and research-investigations of human rights and press organizations, as well as a bibliography of context. Likewise, interviews have been conducted with various actors in the land restitution process, coupled with visits to restituted properties. Although the land judges mostly apply the provisions of the law, there are a number of difficulties in the implementation of the orders issued, which limit an effective and transformative reparation for the victims. The flexibility of the public policy of land restitution allows this still-unfolding process to overcome the pitfalls indicated in the text. These pitfalls may be overcome by maintaining the competence of the judges in the post-decision stage until an effective reparation is guaranteed, as well as with the application of subsidiary measures to compensate land claimants with an equivalent land parcel or monetary indemnity, instead of ordering the material delivery of the property claimed.


Abstract The ciliate community was studied for a one‐year cycle in a shallow freshwater pond covered by a dense layer of floating macrophytes (Lemna minor) in northern Italy. In all, 38 ciliate species were found with segregation between aerobic (surface layer) and anaerobic (bottom) habitats. Some species, such as Spirostomum ambiguum, and 5. teres, were frequent in both sites and proved the most important component of the ciliate assemblage of the explored pond. The results obtained in this study were compared with those from a previous one carried out in 1987. Even if the number of species found during the first series of samples (47) was higher with respect to the second (38), a large proportion of the ciliate assemblage was maintained, since 31 species were common to both periods. The benthic ciliate communities in the pond were more stable in time than those observed at the surface layer of floating macrophytes. Nevertheless, the latter were substantially differentiated from the former, in spite of the low level of the water column.


Although genetic modification could produce new starches and fatty acid combinations for industrial use, several papers note that substantial breeding efforts are needed for at least 20 years to compete with crops already intensively improved and often subsidized. Unfortunately, the greatest scope for the industrial use of existing crops (namely sugar beet for ethanol and oilseed rape for 'biodiesel') cannot compete at present fossil fuel prices. Funds are short for these long-term, risky projects and the Symposium highlighted the value of cooperative European efforts (e.g. the EC agro-industry research schemes) which pool resources on such projects as biomass from coppiced willow and Miscanthus (elephant grass) to produce pulp and paper, the modification of lignocellulose in plants for ruminants and pulp, and the improvement in; the production and processing of minor oil crops for industrial and pharmaceutical products. In Scandinavia, it is reported that steering committees with research, advisory and company representatives establish national strategies for directing resources to certain new crops and to establishing gene-banks for novel species. How useful it would be if in the UK we had a similar strategy for new crops and a focal point for the coordination of their research and development. This book provides a valuable introduction to the development possibilities and problems of new temperate crops. It comes just at the time when this subject has become such an important political and agricultural talking point, and it should help to focus greater attention on new crops in the UK.


As a practical galvanizer, I have been asked to describe the basic techniques of my trade and to outline some of the problems and the solutions found in our everyday operation. The hot‐dip galvanizing industry provides a service to fabricators of steel. The service can be described as providing preventative maintenance.


Contemporary folk expeditions "retracing the footsteps of predecessors" belong to some of the most important and far-reaching research areas of folkloristics. Ethno- graphic materials representing different epochs from a geographic area can be used for comparative study. As a result, it is possible to consider evolutionary processes and external influences on oral traditions of a geographic area over a period of time. Thanks to the existence of ethnographic field notes of the traditional wedding ceremony in the Voronyaky region (Brody district, Lviv oblast) made in the second half of the 19th century, these processes can be observed and quantified. Collected by prominent collectors of musical folklore Oscar Kolberg (1814–1890) and Osyp Rozdolsky (1872–1945), these records of folk traditions are unparalleled in their his- torical and ethnographic significance in Ukrainian folklore studies. Not only do they establish a reference point to critically assess the collection of folk music of the previ- ous era, they also provide evidence of how the wedding tradition has changed in the region by comparing them to more recent field recordings. Thus, this study has several objectives. First, it examines the extent of ethno- graphic work completed by O. Rozdolsky and O. Kolberg in the Voronyaky region. Next, the methodological approach to collecting music is assessed, which determines how representative these materials are to the geographic area in question. The eth- nographic materials from different periods are compared to determine the structural, semantic, and repertoire changes of the wedding ceremony. Lastly, an analysis of the wedding ritual cycle as practiced in the Voronyaky region – its ethnography and melo- typology – is completed based on extensive contemporary field work of the region conducted by the author. A comparison of the collected folk song materials from different time periods shows the extent of the changes of the Voronyaky wedding ceremony, especially in its song texts, the order of rituals, its form, and content. While a trend of the simplifica- tion of the wedding ritual (e.g., the length of the traditional wedding is shortened from two days to one day), the process of how the modern wedding ceremony has been simplified from its previous practice is described. Similarly, the study shows how the repertoire of older wedding songs are performed less frequently or have also been shortened compared to earlier recordings from the last century. A similar tendency is observed with the melodies from the different periods in both quantitative and qualitative terms. A musical analysis and comparison of the melodies show a decrease in the total number of melodies performed throughout the ceremonies. Some of the melodies have been replaced by new ones, usually composed songs of literary origins associated with new wedding ceremonies. This simplifica- tion of the ceremony also affected the song forms themselves, which is most vividly expressed in the wedding chants and the recitative songs, which in more recent times have adopted more strophic forms.


This work is devoted to the study of the magnetic properties and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of TiO2:Fe nanoparticles doped with Al in different structural states. The sol-gel methods have been used to obtain the particles in both crystalline (average size from 3 to 20 nm) and X-ray amorphous states. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of crystalline samples TiO2:Fe doped with aluminum besides a resonance line with g-factor ~2 exhibit a small signal with a g-factor of 4.3 from Fe3+ ions with rhombohedral distortions. The fraction of Fe3+ with rhombohedral distortions increases with increasing aluminum content. For the amorphous state at Al doping, the resonance with a g-factor of 4.3 is completely dominant in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum. The density functional theory calculation shows that aluminum prefers to be localized near iron ions, distorting the nearest Fe3+ environment. The complex integral electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of all samples was fitted with sufficient accuracy by three separate resonance lines with different widths and intensities. The temperature behavior of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum can be described by the coexistence of paramagnetic centers (isolated Fe3+ ions including dipole-dipole interactions) and iron clusters with negative exchange interactions.


A method for the calibration of S11 at the front surface of a material for a coaxial-feed type cut-off circular waveguide with three reference materials inserted and no short termination condition was proposed as a preliminary step for dielectric measurement in liquids. The equations for jig calibration of S11 with these reference materials were first defined, and the electrostatic capacitance for the analytical model unique to the jig was quantified by substituting the reflection constant (calculated at frequencies of 0.50, 1.5 and 3.0 GHz using the mode-matching (MM) technique) into the equivalent circuit, assuming the sample liquid in the jig. The accuracy of S11 measured using the proposed method was then verified. S11 for the front surface of the sample material was also measured with various liquids in the jig after calibration, and the dielectric constants of the liquids were estimated as an inverse problem based on comparison of S11 calculated from an analytical model using EM analysis via the MM technique with the measured S11 values described above. The effectiveness of the proposed S11 calibration method was verified by comparison with dielectric constants estimated after S11 SOM (short, open and reference material) calibration and similar, with results showing favorable agreement with each method. key words: dielectric measurement, liquid, cut-off circular waveguide, S11, calibration


In today's generation, the use of credit card has become mundane across the world. Credit card is nothing but a card that entitles the holder to borrow money from the issuer. Credit cards are used at the point of sale as a means of paying the seller for goods or services in lieu of payment by cash or check. Because of their ease of use, credit cards have become the most popular methods in the world. It is quite worthy to do online shopping, paying bills or other related tasks by using credit cards. Though a credit card is the best form of payment, there is a rapid increase in the fraud transaction using the credit card. Normally, the fraudulent transaction is detected after the transaction is been done and because of these, it becomes arduous to find a fraudster and more than that the issuing authorities has to bear the losses. To solve this major concern, BLAST-SHAHA hybridization and hidden markov model is used. BLAST-SHAHA hybridization is used to determine the analogy between the incoming transaction and the previous transactions of a particular cardholder and can detect fraud when there is any mismatch between the transactions. Hidden markov model is nothing but the ubiquitous tool used to model time series data. In this issue, hidden markov model is used to detect the fraud transactions and raise an alarm in the event of fraud transactions. Keywords—Hidden markov model, BLAST-SSAHA hybridization, Credit card, Fraud detection


The intention of the SETT-Net is to enable the usage of shared training and teaching resources for a software engineering course in eight schools and in four countries. The network is completely Web-based. It consists of a centre point at Humboldt University in Berlin and four national centres, in Berlin, Novi Sad, Plovdiv and in Skopje. We present the syllabus, the teaching materials of the joint SE course, the network architecture and its contents.


In this article, I empirically test George Stigler's (1970) theoretical argument, which is based on Aaron Director's observation that income redistribution runs from the poor and the rich to the middle classes. Using a panel dataset for ten Canadian provinces from 1981 to 2008, I analyze the impact of various measures of inequality on provincial government size. The estimation results do not support the predictions of theories explaining the growth of government size on the basis of the median voter theorem.


The article presents payment methods used in mergers and acquisitions. The method of payment in acquisition is an important factor affecting synergetic benefits for the shareholders of target and bidder firms. In the case of stock –financed acquisitions, contrary to cash-financed, the shareholders of the target are at great risk as synergistic effects may never occur. In this context, the case study of Emperia and Eurocash is presented. The article attempts to assess the benefits for the Emperia shareholders in stock-financed acquisition. As the transaction was not conducted, it is difficult to state whether stock offer was profitable for Emperia shareholders.


The subject of emotion is a largely neglected topic in biblical studies and deserves extensive treatment. If one glances, for example, through the indexes and tables of contents of Old Testament encyclopedias and monographs on its theology, one searches in vain for a contribution on "emotion/emotional expressions". Emotions are, however, such fundamental characteristics of human nature that no culture, including that of the Hebrew Bible, can be fully comprehended without also taking cognisance of this central feature of humankind. This contribution (1) surveys and evaluates some of the studies that have been published up to now on this subject field. It furthermore illustrates (2) what interesting results may be gained when emotions such as shame and distress (depression) are approached in terms of certain insights from the disciplines of cross-cultural psychology and fear from the perspective of cognitive anthropology.


DR. L. ERNSTER: I would like to make a comment on Dr. Hatefis very interesting paper. He stated that it had not previously been demonstrated that mitochondria or submitochondrial particles could catalyze oxidation of NADPH in the absence of NAD. In 1969, C . P. Lee and I reported the oxidation of NADPH by a submitochondrial particle from beef heart muscle, which was mediated by dichlorophenol indophenol or by cytochrome c as electron acceptor, but not by molecular oxygen. We concluded that this oxidation probably reflected the participation of the transhydrogenase, since it showed the same stereospecificity for the /3-hydrogen of NADPH as was shown by the transhydrogenase. By this demonstration, we were also able to exclude the possibility of the participation of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase or DT-diaphorase, both of which are specific for NADPH. We went to great pains to exclude the possibility that NAD was present in our preparation or in our incubation mixture. We looked for NAD in our sample of NADPH and in our particle preparation. Moreover, we considered whether our particles could convert NADPH into trace amounts of NAD. I would like to ask Dr. Hatefi, who seems to have extended these data, whether he has excluded the possibility of NAD in the three cases just enumerated. DR. Y . HATEFI: Yes. So far as we know, DPN is not involved. We have checked all the points that you mentioned. In addition, as you have seen, TPNH reduces fewer components in the complex I region of the electron transport system than does DPNH. In cases in which DPN is added in addition to TPNH, DPNH is produced by the transhydrogenase reaction, and the same components are reduced as are reduced by DPNH alone. DR. D. BEATTIE (Mount Sinni Hospital, New York, New Y o r k ) : 1 have a question for Dr. Tzagoloff in relation to his observation that the formation of Complex 111 requires products of mitochondria1 protein synthesis. In past reports, including those of Dr. Mahler, it has been shown that the formation of succinate-cytochrome c reductase in yeast is not sensitive to chloramphenicol or ethidium bromide, while the formation of NADH-cytochrome c reductase is partially, or sometimes completely, blocked by these inhibitors. I wonder whether Dr. Tzagoloff has any ideas to explain this discrepancy. DR. A. TZAGOLOFF: We haven't examined NADH and succinate-cytochrome c rediictase activities in yeast. It may be that there is a succinatecytochrome c reductase activity which bypasses Complex 111. I don't believe that this is true in the case of beef heart mitochondria. DR. MAHLER: If I may make a remark, since my name has been mentioned there, on short-term exposures there is no inhibition by chloramphenicol of either the succinate cytochrome c or NADH-cytochrome c reductase sequence. And if one looks at the individual cytochromes, it is the synthesis of exactly


Abstract In this paper, the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity, temperature, CO2, and water vapor. The authors find that the constants are all within the range determined by former experiments and that they are universally independent of the stability.


Although a number of (nonalkyl)cobalamins are considered essential to human nutrition, providing starting materials in the synthesis of alkylcobalamin coenzymes, their structures are either not available or are very old and unreliable. We present cobalt-ligand distance information in solution for methylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin, and aquocobalamin using extended X-ray absorption fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Methylcobalamin was examined as a control to verify our ability to accurately assign cobalt-ligand distances, since this compound has a known X-ray structure


Assessment for Learning for elementary classroom is a concept that aims to stimulate self learning and development among the student via assessment model. This research aimed to 1) develop an Assessment for Learning Model for elementary classroom and 2) test and assess the outcome of our model. The authors utilized interviewing, questionnaire and assessment form as tools for data gathering. The data was analyzed by statistical methods, namely, mean and standard deviation. Lastly, we performed the t-test Dependent to test our hypothesis and we've found that the Assessment for Learning Model for elementary classroom comprises of 2 phase and 6 steps. The result comprises two stages. The planning stage is composed of (1) define assessment objectives and what students need to achieve (2) define performance benchmark (3) design learning methodology and assessment method in accord with learning objectives. The teaching and feedback stage is composed of (1) integrate assessment with teaching/learning activities (2) Feedback after learning unit (3) Feedback result is used to improve primary school student's performance. The result of using the designed assessment model reveals that students have improved their learning achievement, self-regulation, and self-efficacy at statistically significant level of .05.


For the influence of speed and torque from brushless DC motor(BLDCM) control system,auto-disturbances-rejection technology was proposed to design first-order auto-disturbance-rejection control(ADRC) and effectively control BLDCM.The extended state observer(ESO),tracking differentiator(TD) and nonlinear state error feedback(NLSEF) were used to compose a controller,the uncertainty of system was taken as an internal disturbance,and the inside and outside disturbances with control object were automatically detected and compensated.It is suitable to control such imprecise models as BLDCM.The control system can suppress the torque ripple and improve the speed performance.The simulation results reveal that the control strategy have many advantages like fast response,no overshoot and small torque ripple,and have strong adaptability and robustness to the uncertainties and the external disturbance changes.It proves the effectiveness of the ADRC.


On the basis of analyzing the development of regional economies,the evaluation index system of the harmonious development for the regional economy,society and environment has been established by following the aspect: the economic development,its effect on the environment and its contribution to the society.After that,we have structured the hierarchic fuzzy synthetic evaluation model.Using this model,we have evaluated and analyzed the overall harmonious development of Qingdao City's economy,society and environment in the years 2000-2005 and proposed some compatible countermeasures.


T he cancer community is hoping for important revisions to how clinical trials are run in Europe as the European Commission (EC) sets about overhauling the much-criticized Clinical Trials Directive. Adopted in 2001 and implemented by all EU member states in 2004, the directive aimed to create a harmonized framework for clinical research, as well as to improve patient safety and procedures for ethics review and data recording. But from the beginning, clinicians, scientists, and patient groups have criticized the directive, saying that it negatively affects clinical trials — particularly international, noncommercial trials run under the auspices of hospitals, institutions, and cancer networks. "While the aims of the directive were laudable — to harmonize clinical trials across Europe and improve patient safety — the reality has turned out to be quite different," said Michael Baumann, M.D., Ph.D. , president of the European Cancer Organization and a professor at the University of Technology in Dresden. "It is generally acknowledged that the Clinical Trials Directive has had a catastrophic effect on the independent evaluation and comparison of drugs and other therapies by academic clinical researchers." Critics cite a huge increase in bureaucratic procedures and costs, leading to a reduction in the number of investigator-led trials, particularly multinational trials, and a slowdown in the delivery of cutting-edge clinical care to patients. In 2007, the EC held a conference to address these problems, and in 2008, it launched a longitudinal study to assess the directive's effect on the number, size, and nature of clinical trials, as well as on the workload, required resources, performance, and costs ( see Stat Bite). Then, last fall, the EC launched a "public consultation paper" asking for answers to specifi c questions on the functioning of the directive. The deadline for submissions was January 8, and the EC is now reviewing responses. It is expected to draft either amendments or a new regulation to replace the directive, probably sometime in the summer. Major cancer organizations in Europe responded to the consultation paper, saying that the directive has caused particular problems for international trials, substantially reduced the amount of academic clinical cancer research in Europe for all types of treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic drugs), and hit certain groups of patients particularly hard. These groups include children, patients with rare cancers, patients who would benefi t from trials that improve existing treatments (and which, therefore, do not attract commercial funding), and elderly patients with other health problems, including secondary cancers due to earlier treatments. Disharmony and Paperwork One major problem, according to respondents, is the different ways that member states interpret the directive. "The directive was transposed in a heterogeneous manner by member states," said Françoise Meunier, M.D., Ph.D., director general of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). "Requirements and regulatory procedures vary from one member state to another." This disparity has resulted in a lot of duplicated paperwork, she said, wasting resources and time for the sponsors of international clinical studies. Similar bureaucratic problems exist for obtaining ethical approval and insurance for the clinical trials, for monitoring patients, and for reporting adverse reactions. The EORTC proposes that adverse reactions be reported to a central authority, such as the European Medicines Agency, that would be responsible for transmitting them to the authorities of countries concerned, Meunier said. The EORTC also recommended that levels of regulation, monitoring, insurance and pharmaco-vigilance (drug safety assessment) for trials should be adjusted depending on the risks associated with the type of trial, rather than having a one-size-fi ts-all approach; that submission and approval of amendments should be simplifi ed, with a


The impact of low-intensity prescribed fires on slash pine/saw-palmetto/gallberry understory and forest floor nutrients was estimated from measurements before and after burning. High- ly significant correlations existed between weight loss of these fuel components and the weight loss of several elements. Energy loss was also highly correlated with forest floor and understory weight loss. The data also indicate that annual or biennial burns do not reduce the macronutrients in the soil surface layer. but, in fact, increase them; and that even though a significant amount of N (1 IO kg/ ha) may be lost by burning a Syear fuel accumulation there still is 160 kg/ ha of N in the ash and residue following the fire. as well as about 700 kg/ ha in the upper 10 cm of the soil profile.


This paper explains the extraction from the measurement of the parameters necessary in time domain to identify the hysteretic behavior of the coupling capacitance of through silicon vias (TSVs). The algorithm was developed in such a way that the equivalent capacitance model can be implemented into standard circuit simulators. A comparison with a known procedure based on the genetic algorithm approach is offered as validation. Results showing the robustness of the algorithm and the effects of the hysteresis on the crosstalk among TSV and integrated circuit active devices are reported and discussed.


Abstract Poor people make use of a variety of contextually relevant resources to pursue their livelihood strategies, and there is wide empirical evidence that opportunities and contraints for accessing these may vary considerably for women and men, particularly in the rural areas of developing countries. In this article, micro-evidence from a case study from a village in rural Ethiopia is used to analyze the role that gender plays in the distribution and productivity of social network ties. In the examined case, women and men have access to different social networks: women have access to bonded or relational social resources which can yield economic returns only if and when they are bridged, linked to, and associated with men and their networks. This is a result of the prevailing social structure in which men define social norms and implement these through locally available institutions, combined with women's time poverty. Consequently, for rural development interventions to be successful in building and strengthening women's social network ties, adequate attention needs to be paid to mechanisms that make sure that links and connections are in place as well.


The topic of the article is seasonal behavior of marketing patterns for grain from North Dakota. The typical seasonal pattern in grain marketing has been for a peak to occur during and immediately following harvest with lower movements during the remainder of the year. The level of grain handled during the peak and off-peak periods determines utilization of marketing facilities (i.e., elevators and transportation services) and unit costs of providing the service. The article goes into further detail on this topic.


Aiming at the problems of low dispensing efficiency and accuracy caused by manual or semi-automatic dispensing commonly used in medium and small electronic enterprises, an automatic dispensing platform was designed with RJDNEL PCB board as the research object. Based on machine vision, the regional positioning information of point glue was extracted, and the optimal path of dispensing was planned by simulated annealing algorithm. To improve the automation platform, dispensing accuracy and efficiency of dispensing. The automatic dispensing platform was built, the collected images were preprocessed and the parameter information of dispensing area was extracted with the minimum peripheral rectangle algorithm. The operation of the dispensing platform was verified by experiments. The results showed that the dispensing efficiency improved by 20%~30% after path optimization. In the complete dispensing process of 20 PCB boards, the average time of the total dispensing time was 296.48s, and the average time of the whole dispensing platform process was 326.8s.


Objective
To explore the effects of lateral position and autonomous exertion autonomous delivery during the second stage of labor on hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-baby transmission and delivery outcome in vaginal delivery maternal with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods
From February to September 2018, this study selected 200 chronic hepatitis B primiparas delivered vaginally at Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University. All of primiparas were randomly divided into observation group and control group by random number table, 100 cases in each group. Observation group carried out lateral position and autonomous exertion during the second stage of labor, while control group adopted the routine lithotomy position. The delivery outcome and incidence of HBV mother-baby transmission were compared between two groups.

Results
In observation group, the time of the second stage of labor and blood loss during labor were (41.91±22.43) min and (135.00±62.16) ml respectively lower than those in control group with statistical differences (t=2.057, 2.234; P 0.05) . There were 12 newborn infants with HBsAg positive at birth in observation group and 18 in control group with no statistical difference (P>0.05) . There were no baby of 7 months old with HBsAg positive between two groups.

Conclusions
Among chronic hepatitis B parturients, lateral position and autonomous exertion autonomous delivery during the second stage of labor does not increase the risk of HBV mother-baby transmission, and can effectively shorten the time of the second stage of labor, decrease the perineum injury, blood loss during labor and exposure opportunity of newborn infants which has good outcomes in mother and baby.

Key words:
Hepatitis B, chronic; Labor stage, second; Lateral position; Autonomous exertion; Mother-baby transmission


Anemia is one of the world's most common disorders. In 2010, global anemia prevalence was 32.9%, affecting over 2.2 billion people, and iron deficiency the most common of the causes.[1][1] Oral iron, while inexpensive and effective when taken and tolerated, is frequently associated with unpleasant


Background: There are many retreatment failure patients admitted in National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital. But there is not satisfactory treatment method for them at present. We think that more attentions and active measures for them are needed. Method: We reviewed sex and age, duration of illness, previously used antituberculosis drugs, drug resistance, extent of disease, reasons for early stopping or irregular medication and schooling of 50 retreatment failure patients admitted in National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital from April 1992 to February 1993. Results: 1) The male to female ratio was 3:2 and 62% of the patients were between 21 and 40 years of age. 2) Twenty eight cases (56%) had the duration of illness over 10 years. 3) All cases had used most of the antituberculosis drugs. 4) Drug sensitivity test showed resistance to RMP in 46 cases (96%), INH in 40 cases (83%) and other drugs in 3-32 cases (6-67%). 5) Forty eight cases (96%) had far advanced disease on chest P-A film. 6) Twenty eight cases (56%) in primary chemotherapy and twenty one cases (42%) in retreatment had the histories of premature stopping or irregular ingestion of the drug. The reasons for premature stopping or irregular ingestion of the drug were as follows; in primary chemotherapy, 29 cases (75%) were due to 'having no symptoms', while in retreatment, 6 cases (29%) were due to 'having no symtoms', 6 cases (29%) were 'too, busy' and 3 cases (14%) were for 'financial problem'. 7) Twenty seven cases (54%) had at least graduated from high school. Conclusion: Greater efforts are needed to prevent tratment failure. More supports and admission treatment for retreatment failure patients are needed to prevent infection and to treat properly.


.................................... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................... INTRODUCTION ..................................... Reef Fish Ecology ...................................... Reef Fisheries ..................................... Fishery Trends ..................................... Reef Fish Stock Assessment ..................................... Evolutionary Theory ..................................... Population Genetics ..................................... Red Snapper Model ..................................... DISCUSSION ..................................... Marine Fishery Reserves ..................................... History of Usage ..................................... Potential Effectiveness ..................................... Design Factors ..................................... Alternative Management Stategies ..................................... Conclusions ..................................... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................... LITERATURE CITED ..................................... APPENDIX A ..................................... 1


Landau's theory of phase transitions and Frenkel's theory of heterophase fluctuations, due to their simplicity and efficiency, have acquired the status of universal theories that have numerous applications in various branches of science and technology. One of the important scientific directions in the development of the theory is the study of changes in information in complex systems. To date, an urgent task is the development of multilevel mathematical models of the dynamics of the transition of a macroscopic system to a new phase state, based on the analysis of changes in Shannon information. The paper proposes a discrete model of the phase transition at the microscopic level. The discrete phase transition model differs from the models used in the Landau and Frenkel theory by a smaller scale, which leads to a greater dependence on random factors. The model is based on the theory of Markov processes and the principle of maximum information or information entropy. The main mathematical apparatus is the Kolmogorov equations. For clarity, Kolmogorov graphs are used. Work results. A stochastic model of the phase transition at the microlevel is constructed. The model remains adequate both near the phase transition point and far from it. An estimate of the intensity of the evolution of the entropy of the system is given. The dynamics of phase change during transitions of the first and second order is obtained. Conditions for phase equilibrium are obtained for phase transitions of the first and second kind. A stochastic interpretation of the phenomenon of hysteresis at the microscopic level is given. The results obtained are in accordance with the principles of Landau and Frenkel's theory. The results of the work have prospects for application in forecasting crises of complex systems based on the dynamics of information changes.


The Long Finance and London Accord community (over 48 financial institutions, thousands of people in finance and some 250 reports since 2005) has developed a simple, almost subversive, proposal for on climate change finance – index-linked carbon bonds. An indexlinked carbon bond is a government issued bond where interest payments are linked levels to a carbon target - levels of feed-in tariffs for renewable energy, emission certificate prices or actual greenhouse gas emissions of the issuing country. An investor in an index linked carbon bond receives an excess return if the issuing country's targets are not met, e.g. an extra percentage point of interest for each €1 that CO2 emission certificate prices are below target.


This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability and firm size on firm value mediated by capital structure. The research design was a comparative causal approach (ex post facto) by testing the hypothesis analysis carried out using the component-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method or non-parametric variance (Component Based SEM), Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). The data was collected from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which are included in the LQ-45 index from 2014 until August 2018. In analyzing the data, the writers used multiple linear regression using the assistance of the GSCA program. The result showed that capital structure is proved as an intervening variable for the influence of profitability on firm value. It means that capital structure mediates the effect of profitability on firm value in full mediation.  Meanwhile, capital structure is not an intervening variable for the influence of firm size on firm value. The Capital structure does not mediate the effect of firm size on firm value in full mediation.


—We studied the diet, niche breadth and overlap, and feeding behavior of two sympatric species of Aromobatidae, Allobates marchesianus and Anamaloglossus stepheni, from the Central Amazon. We studied the diet composition based on type and size of prey items and compared the diet between species (1987–88) and with prey availability in the habitat for A. stepheni (1997). We studied the distribution of feeding activities throughout the day and movement frequency, foraging speed (distance covered while foraging), and foraging frequency (number of feeding attempts per time) for both species. Activity peaks occurred from 0600–1200 h. Both species showed similar diets and feeding behavior, consuming Formicidae and Collembola as well as small food items (1.0–1.9 mm) in higher proportions. Movement frequency, foraging frequency, and speed were also similar for both species. Diptera, Collembola, Araneae, and Acari were preferred by Anomaloglossus stepheni, whereas Coleoptera and Formicidae were avoided. Anomaloglossus stepheni selected prey items measuring 1.0–1.9 mm, whereas they appeared to avoid items measuring 2.0–2.9 mm and $4 mm. Allobates marchesianus and Anomaloglossus stepheni had very similar feeding ecology at the study site in regard to foraging behavior and diet composition. Diet composition was also very similar between populations of A. stepheni studied in different time periods at the site, suggesting some stability either in prey availability or food selection. Our results suggest that, even being related and using the same habitat, these species do not diverge in their feeding habits. Forest-floor anuran communities are usually rich and abundant in the American tropics. In the Central Amazon, 23 of 43 anuran species spend most of their lives in leaf litter (Allmon, 1991). Leaf litter anuran species may be distributed according to moisture gradients, as well as differ in diet composition, and daily and annual activity periods (Toft, 1985; Lima and Magnusson, 1998). Distribution patterns of forest leaf litter herpetofauna have also been associated with prey availability (Allmon, 1991; Donnelly, 1991), such that knowledge of the feeding ecology of coexisting species may be important to understand the organization of such communities. Prey items can be partitioned by size and type among anuran species distributed along the two adaptative peaks of foraging modes: sit-andwait foragers and active searching foragers (Toft, 1980). Although the former are usually cryptic, nontoxic, and capture large prey, the latter concentrate on small, common prey, being sometimes poisonous and aposematic (Toft, 1980). The Dendrobatoidea, which includes Dendrobatidae and Aromobatidae (sensu Grant et al., 2006) are common leaf litter inhabitants of New World tropical forests (Caldwell, 1996). Aromobatids, such as species in the genus Allobates, are cryptic, nontoxic, and have broad diets compared to genera of Dendrobatidae, such as Ameerega, Dendrobates, Epipedobates, and Phyllobates, which are aposematic and have narrow diets composed mainly of ants (Caldwell, 1996; Darst et al., 2005). Allobates marchesianus and Anomaloglossus stepheni are sympatric at many sites in Central Amazon. Lima (1998) and Lima and Moreira (1993) showed that both species undergo ontogenetic changes in diet composition, prey electivity, and mean prey size, although they did not assess niche overlap between them. In the present study, we describe the diet composition, niche breadth, niche overlap, and foraging behavior of Allobates marchesianus and Anomaloglossus stepheni, as well as selection of prey types and size classes by A. stepheni. We hypothesized that differences in feeding ecology could occur as a mechanism of resource partitioning between these two similarly sized, coexisting species. Alternatively, feeding ecology and diet may not have changed substantially since divergence of these leaf-litter dwelling species from a common ancestor. 3 Corresponding Author. E-mail: email@example.com Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 301–308, 2007 Copyright 2007 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles


A new industrial structure adjustment is booming in the world.In view of the situation at home and abroad, the current industrial structure adjustment in our country should concentrate on developing both labor-intensive industries with high-tech content and high-tech industries.In order to realize this goal, we can start from industrial policy building, system innovation and FDI, etc.


There are two types of reduplicated phrases in the Lianjiang Yue dialect,reduplicated verb phrases and reduplicated locative phrases,which are rarely found in other Yue dialects.The reduplicated verb phrase denotes the prospective state and the continuity of an action,and the reduplicated locative phrase expresses the meaning of approaching a certain place or time.Compared with their base forms,the semantic and syntactic representations of the reduplicated phrases can be explained with the notion of "boundedness".These reduplicated formations in the Lianjiang dialect are derived from the dialect contacts among Yue,Hakka and Min in the west of the Guangdong province.


On December 18, 2021, the most significant scientific event, the VI All-Russian Forum of Young Political Scientists, was held at the Financial University with the support of the Russian Political Science Association. This event is of great importance for the youth political science community and is an opportunity not only to gain experience in public speaking and new knowledge, but also to find like-minded people, including from other universities and regions. As the main goal of the Forum, the organizers identified the search for the identity of young political scientists, the desire to help in choosing a professional future and the topics of future scientific research. The most popular areas of political science among young political scientists are international relations, memory politics, the relationship between the digital environment and politics, ethnopolitology, politics at the local level. The most popular areas of political science within the framework of young political scientists have become international relations, memory politics, the relationship between the digital environment and politics, ethnopolitology, local politics. These areas attracted the most attention among the speakers. As a result, the Forum of Young Political Scientists allows strengthening the community of young researchers and personal potential.


. A problem of E. Bishop on the polynomially convex hulls of deformations of the torus is considered. Let the torus T2 be the distinguished boundary of the unit polydisc in C2. If t1-» T2 is a smooth deformation of T2 in C2 and g0 is an analytic disc in C2 with boundary in T2, a smooth family of analytic discs t h» g, is constructed with the property that the boundary of g, lies in T2. This construction has implications for the polynomially convex hulls of the tori T2. An analogous problem for a 2-sphere in C2 is also considered.


In this paper, ANSYS POLYFLOW with finite element-based was adopted for the three-dimensional flow-field simulation in the rubber mixing process, and integrated with the methods including overlapping grid, Picard iteration and time-stepping scheme. The viscosity field cloud-picture in cycle process of rubber-mixing was obtained, and then the mixing-field characteristics under different process parameters and structures for each time-stage were analyzed. The simulation results show that the three-dimensional flow-field model for viscosity in the rubber mixing process is effective, and the dynamic viscosity change in the whole mixing process can be realized.


Since 1950, Nepal has undergone a nationwide democratic movement that has impacted the country's educational system. The shift to democracy was accompanied by support for a movement that would allow communities to establish and manage schools at the local level. But, a 1956 report by the National Education Planning Commission introduced intensive reforms aimed at restructuring Nepal's education system and by 1971, the National Education System Plan (NESP) had shifted school governance and financing to the MoE. NESP introduced a series of reforms that were implemented across the country, including the introduction of a national curriculum, textbooks, standards for teacher service, and supervision system for schools as well as an intensive financial commitment to education and educational management by the MoE in the national budget. The NESP reforms shifted the responsibility for school governance from local communities to districtand national-level government bodies. In the decade after this policy of centralized education was implemented, locally-based initiatives were systematically disincentivized and community-level capacity to manage and supervise school activities, generate resources, and monitor education quality deteriorated.


ABSTRACT The arbitration of a multi-year maintenance plan is one of the decision situations that a building facility manager can face. The complexity of the decision imposes the use of tools for decision support. A risk approach can be particularly efficient for solving this kind of problem. The challenge is to propose a risk-oriented method, adapted to building facility management. To do this, our method considers risk, but also the effectiveness and the cost of actions of risk mitigation. It proposes an ergonomic arbitration system, based on filters, following two complementary approaches: a selection of the fundamental actions and an optimization of the plan (viewed globally). The aim, for the decision-maker is to construct his own solution by testing multiple angles of vision in simulation logic. This article presents the principles of the method, illustrated by a real case conducted for a large company.


The invention discloses a method for preparing high-quality epoxidized soybean oil, comprising the following steps: mixing a hydrogen peroxide water solution and a formic acid water solution; then adding a catalyst and a stabilizing agent; pumping soybean oil and the mixture into a micro-channel modularized reaction device; keeping the reaction stopping time for 2-12 min; reacting at 65-95 DEG C and leading a reaction product into a separator; adding an NaCO3 water solution and statically standing to be layered to remove a water solution of the lower layer; washing an upper-layer organic phase by water; and carrying out rotary evaporation to obtain the high-quality epoxidized soybean oil. The preparation method of the high-quality epoxidized soybean oil disclosed by the invention is a continuous process; and the preparation process is easy to operate and control, the safety is high, the reaction conditions are moderate, the reaction stopping time is short, the quality of a product is stable and the epoxidized recycling rate is high. The method has the characteristics of simple production equipment, easiness for detaching and convenience for carrying and moving. The quantity of micro-channels can be simply increased and decreased to carry out convenient adjustment and an amplification effect which is similar with industrial production does not exist.


The culture of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Puerto Rico was limited mostly to home gardens until a few years ago. Recent introductions of choice papaya varieties has increased the demand considerably in Puerto Rican and New York markets for this tropical fruit. The municipalities of Aguadilla, Isabela, Camuy, Hatillo and Carolina are among those areas in which papayas are grown in Puerto Rico on a commercial scale. A total of four million pounds of fresh papayas were harvested in 1965 and 1966, furnishing Island producers a gross income of $134,S00. Production, however, was extremely low in 1967 and 1969. Only % million pounds of fresh fruits were harvested during the latter year (4). Spread of several fungal and viral diseases in all likelihood is directly, as well as indirectly, related to such production decline. Among the fungal diseases that occur most commonly (5), is a leaf spot caused by Pucciniopsis caricae Speg. and a fruit rot caused by Colleclotrichum spp. "Bunchy top," believed to be caused by mycoplasma (12), and two mosaic diseases, also affect production of papaya in the Island (3,1). A new foliar disease of papaya, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola (Berk, and Curt.) Wei, was reported in 1966 from St. Croix, Virgin Islands (2). This disease was considered to be a threat to the future successful cultivation of this crop in Puerto Rico due (1) to the close proximity of St. Croix and (2) to the frequent shipments of Solo papaya fruits to the San Juan markets. A survey was initiated to determine whether or not the fungus was already present in the papaya plantings of Puerto Rico. Studies on the biology of the fungus were conducted using an isolate originally obtained from infected papayas in St. Croix and isolates obtained during the survey. The present report includes the results of these investigations.


Background: Hearing loss is considered as one of the complications in diabetic patients. However, studies reported conflicting results on the relationship between diabetes and hearing loss. Objectives: This study aimed to investigateand compare the prevalence of hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus and a group of non-diabetic people. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 patients with diabetes and 80 non-diabetic subjects.Subjects in the case group were selected among the diabetic patients registered in the diabetes centers of Isfahanprovince. Subjects in the control group were selected among non-diabetic individuals referring to the blood bank todonate blood. The instrument used for data collection included of questions on the subjects demographics and a special form for recording the results of the subjects' laboratory examinations including HbA1c, TSH, Cr and theresult of the audiometric examinations. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test andt-test or nonparametric equivalents. Results: Compared with non-diabetic subjects, hearing loss in sounds with high frequencies was more common in patients with diabetes (P value = 0.001), the mean creatinine was significantly different in diabetic patients with and without hearing loss at noise frequencies of 4 KHz and 8 KHz (P value< 0.05). However, hemoglobin A1C, duration of diabetes and BMI were not significantly associated with hearing loss. Conclusion: Hearing impairment in high frequency sounds is more common in diabetics than healthy individuals.The severity of hearing loss in patients with diabetes is also associated with the levels of creatinine. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Diabetes mellitus, Audiometry


(Received 31 January 2014; published 16 June 2014)We introduce an operator linked with the radial index in the Laguerre-Gauss modes of a two-dimensionalharmonicoscillatorincylindricalcoordinates.Wediscussladderoperatorsforthisvariable,andconfirmthattheyobey the commutation relations of the su(1,1) algebra. Using this fact, we examine how basic quantum opticalconcepts can be recast in terms of radial modes.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.063813 PACS number(s): 42


Three dimensional (3D) digitised images of a suite of paper samples, including handsheet, filter paper, and newsprint, were computationally analysed. In all cases two digitised data sets were compared. The first data set comprised high resolution images obtained at a synchrotron facility. The second data set comprised lower resolution images obtained via a commercial computerised tomography (CT) scanner. Pore size distribution, as defined by mercury capillary pressure, was calculated on the imagery. The distribution differences at different resolutions were significant. Transport properties were calculated on the digitised tomographic images for the diffusivity, tortuosity, and permeability of paper samples. Permeability calculations on the low resolution images were consistently an order of magnitude greater than those calculated on those of higher resolution. The results highlight the importance of obtaining high resolution images for measurement of paper structure and physical p roperties.


The complex relationship between democracy and economic development has been the subject of scholarly research for more than a hundred years. In recent years this relationship has attracted the attention of policy makers. There is a growing awareness of governance, public policy and economic policy which are interconnected. In this study we attempt to address how do democracy and development influence each other. Also we briefly summarize the theoretical literature on the relationship between democracy and economic development and discuss the claims made by theorists. This study narrowly focuses on how political systems and economic development affect each other.


Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), however, its clinical use is impeded by low solubility, non‐tumor‐targeting ability, and has fast blood clearance. The self‐assembly of hydrophobic drugs into discrete nanostructures, especially nanoparticles (NPs), can improve their anti‐cancer effects. However, it is difficult to form stable nano‐assemblies using free CPT. In this study, arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD), a hydrophilic and tumor‐targeting peptide, was conjugated with CPT through a glutathione‐cleavable disulfide bond to form an amphiphile conjugate CPT‐ss‐RGD. Simultaneously, a conjugate without redox‐responsive ability (CPT‐cc‐RGD) was used as a control. Both CPT‐ss‐RGD and CPT‐cc‐RGD self‐assembled into stable NPs in an aqueous solution with diameters of approximately 86 and 70 nm, respectively. They exhibited low critical aggregation concentrations and good stability. More importantly, CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs showed a glutathione‐responsive drug release behavior. They can be specifically taken up by CRC SW480 and CT26 cells through RGD integrin‐mediated uptake and exhibit high toxicity to CRC cells and multicellular tumor spheroids. As expected, CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs prolonged the blood circulation time and enhanced the tumor accumulation of CPT, exhibiting excellent anti‐tumor growth ability and few side effects. Thus, CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs have great clinical translational potential for CRC therapy. The successful self‐assembly of the CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs provides a new method for the self‐delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics in vivo.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


Environmental management programs that attempt to cope with institutional weaknesses in developing countries by being less reliant on governments' formal regulatory apparatus are becoming increasingly common. Three leading examples of such innovative programs are (1) public disclosure and voluntary programs to address industrial pollution; (2) programs that inform households about environmental health risks; and (3) payments for environmental services. Although (1) and (2) have reduced emissions of industrial pollutants and household exposure to environmental health risks in some cases, the reductions are small relative to the size of the problems. Conservation benefits from (3) have been similarly small so far. Evidence on the effectiveness of these programs is limited, both because the programs are relatively new and because there has been limited use of rigorous impact evaluation methods. Despite this weak performance record, continued experimentation with innovative programs appears to be warranted, especially if the opportunity cost is not too high in terms of redirecting resources away from formal environmental management programs and if rigorous impact evaluations are built in to determine whether and why innovative programs have worked. Future research needs to pay attention to the great heterogeneity among developing countries (i.e., successful implementation in one country is no guarantee of success elsewhere), and to the relationship of innovative programs to formal environmental management programs.


This essay considers the "imagined geographies" of Britain found in school geography textbooks in the postwar period. The first part of the essay considers the role that school geography plays in processes of social reproduction. It suggests that textbooks represent an important resource through which meanings are negotiated in the everyday lives of teachers and students. The second part of the essay discusses some of the specific "national environmental ideologies" found in geographies of Britain. The essay concludes with a discussion of the wider context in which geographies of Britain are taught in schools.


This article explores the development and automation of quality assurance procedures for locally loading electronic books (ebooks) on the Ontario Council of University Libraries' Scholars Portal Platform. The authors conducted a two-phase study of MARC record fields indexed on the platform to detect errors and implement workflow changes to the quality control process. The authors report on this process and the costs involved and suggest that the challenges of ebook metadata are not met by MARC and a new metadata standard should be considered in the near future.


Different types of transverse instabilities resulting in traveling and motionless spatial structures in bistable semiconductor interferometers and injection lasers are investigated on the basis of the proposed generalized theoretical mode


With the rapid development of our economy, and resident income level rise ceaselessly, cultural consumption has become an absolutely necessary important part of consumption structure of residents. Cultural consumption as the final links in the cultural industry chain and it also an important force to promote the upgrading of consumption structure. It has a great significance for stimulate cultural production, promoting economic growth, enhancing the overall quality of our nationals and setting up harmonious society. To satisfy the requirements of the national development and construction as well as people's increasing demand for cultural consumption, enhancing the social spirit in the perspective of social culture and making a good job of city cultural construction has been one of the important matters in development throughout china.


An assay of neutralizing activity against CHO cell-clustering activity, one of the most common assays for anti-pertussis toxin antibodies, did not correlate well with an assay of the protective activities of monoclonal antibodies. A better correlation between neutralization of leukocytosis-promoting or islet-activating activity and mouse protection against aerosol challenge was seen.


This paper surveys recent developments of theories of picture naming. In a first part, current models of picture naming, specifically the logogen model, the two-step model, and the cascade model, are described. Then we present a multiple activation model of picture naming in which we assume that both a direct (non- semantic) and an indirect (semantic) route can be used. The second part surveys the main experimental results obtained with normals (frequency effects, repetition priming, semantic and phonological priming) and neurologically impaired patients (phonological and semantic anomia) .


Quadrature oscillator is an important building block used in various applications of signal processing and communication. Here a new and simple scheme is presented for quadrature oscillator realization using two second generation current controlled current conveyors (CCCII+ and CCCII-). This circuit scheme uses only two grounded capacitors and is also resistor free. The CCCII's are designed in 45nm CMOS technology and posses the advantages of current mode techniques.


On the Photochemistry of 2, 1-Benzisoxazoles (Anthraniles) and on the Thermal and Photochemical Decomposition of 2-Azido-acylbenzenes in Strongly Acidic Solution

Anthranils 6(Scheme 3), when irradiated with a mercury high-pressure lamp, in 96% sulfuric acid yielded, after work-up, 2-amino-5-hydroxy-acylbenzenes 8 and as side products 2-amino-3-hydroxy-acylbenzenes 9(cf. Schemes 5–7 and Table 1). When C(5) of the anthranils 6 carries a methyl group a more complex reaction mixture is found after irradiation in 96% sulfuric acid (cf. Schemes 8 and 9): 3, 5-dimethyl-anthranil (6d) yielded (after irradiation and acetylation) 2-acetyl- amino-5-methyl-acetophenone (15), 2-acetylamino-5-acetoxymethyl-acetophenone (18d) and 2-acetylamino-5-acetoxy-6-methyl-acetophenone (12c). The latter product was also formed after irradiation of 3, 4-dimethylanthranil (6c) in 96% sulfuric acid. 3, 5, 7-Trimethyl-anthranil (6f) formed under the same conditions 2-acetylamino-3, 5-dimethyl-acetophenone (15f) and 2-acetylamino-5-acetoxymethyl-3-methyl-acetophenone (18f). Since qualitatively the same product patterns were observed when the corresponding 2-azido-acetophenones 7 were decomposed in 96% sulfuric acid it is concluded that anthranilium ions (cf.6b-H⊕, Scheme 11) on irradiation are transformed by cleavage of the N, O-bond into 2-acyl-phenylnitrenium ions (cf. 25b-H⊕) in the singlet ground state. The nitrenium ions are trapped directly by nucleophiles (HSO⊖4 in 96% sulfuric acid), thus, yielding the hydroxy-acetophenones 8 and 9(Scheme 11). If C(5) is blocked by a methyl group a [1, 2]-rearrangement of the methyl group may occur (cf. Scheme 13) or loss of sulfuric acid can lead to quinomethane iminium ions (cf. 32-H⊕, Scheme 13) which will react with HSO⊖4 ions to yield, after hydrolysis and acetylation, the 5-acetoxymethyl substituted acetophenones 18d and 18f. It is assumed that the reduction products (2-acetylamino-acetophenones 15) are formed from the corresponding nitrenium ions in the triplet ground state.


Internet of Things is a technology that connects communication devices with electronic devices that are used everyday using the internet as a medium to communicate between devices and users. The use of IoT technology can be implemented in solar power generation systems. The IoT technology implemented in this study is to monitor and control the use of batteries in solar power plants. Current technology, battery usage can only be monitored closely to get information about battery capacity and battery usage. When the battery is empty or cannot be used to meet electricity needs, it is not equipped with a diversion of existing electricity sources such as PLN electricity. So, we need a renewable technology to get information about batteries and transfer of electricity sources that can be accessed remotely and can be accessed via the internet. The design of this smart monitoring system has stages, namely planning,design , coding , and test . The results of this study are able to see data in the form of battery capacity, electric current and electric power used in Android applications. The data is obtained from sensors that are on smart monitoring connected to the internet network and stored on a database server. Then the data residing on the database server will be retrieved by the application to be displayed to users in the form of graphics and usage lists. Furthermore, the Automatic Transfer Switch system works if the battery capacity sensor has read less than 11.4V then the relay will automatically transfer electricity to PLN. The Android smartphone application is used as a monitoring tool to view data in realtime.


Multiple climate extremes have diverse impacts on the human environment and the natural ecosystem. The use of a compact set of climate change indices enhances our understanding of the combined impacts of extreme climatic conditions. In this study, we calculated percentile based extreme temperature and precipitation indices, and self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index over the Europe-Mediterranean (EURO-MED) region for 1979-2016 period. Moreover, we extended the Climate Extremes Index (CEI) as the modified Climate Extremes Index (mCEI) to obtain combined information regarding the extremes on the grid basis. As a holistic approach mCEI provides detailed spatiotemporal information on annual timescale, and high-resolution grid-based data allows us to do detailed country-based and city-based analyses. For temperature, we use the last generation ERA5 reanalysis dataset, and for precipitation, we use MSWEP gridded observational dataset. The results indicate that warm temperature extremes are significantly on the rise over the EURO-MED region whereas the cold temperature extremes decrease. The extreme drought has a significant increasing trend. Although there are heterogeneous regional distributions, extreme precipitation indices have a significant increasing tendency. Additionally, we found that the Mediterranean coasts, the Balkan countries, the Eastern Europe, Iceland, the parts of western Russia, the parts of Turkey, and the parts of Syria and Iraq are the major hot-spots for the combined extremes based on mCEI. Among the major urban agglomerations of the EURO-MED region, 28 cities exhibit a significant increasing trend of the mCEI greater than 1.5% decade-1. These results agree with the previous findings related to the climatic extremes of the EURO-MED climate hotspot, and strengthen the findings on human-induced climate change.


The recent growth in the use of polymer composites has resulted in the need for higher productivity manufacturing processes than are currently used in most thermoset composite production. One of the ways to provide increased productivity in composite manufacturing is to use thermoplastic matrix sheet composites. In this investigation the part forming characteristics of several thermopolastic composites were investigated. Glass fiber reinforced composites based on polypropylene, nylon 12, poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(phenylene sulfide), and poly(etheretherketone) were examined. The processing conditions required for solid-state stamping of these composites were determined. A temperature process window for stamping each of these composites was determined, and found to correlate with the melting and re-crystallization peaks from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans.


Parallel programming and data-parallel algorithms have been the main techniques supporting high-performance computing for many decades. A major conceptual step was taken by L. Valiant who introduced the Bulk-Synchronous Parallel (BSP) model. Parallel algorithms on BSP can be designed and measured by taking into account not only the classical balance between time and parallel space but also communication and synchronization. Inspired by BSP, the SGL bridging model was proposed in order to improve the simplicity of parallel program development, the portability of parallel program code, and the precision of parallel algorithm performance prediction on both classical parallel machines and novel hierarchical machines. The programming model of SGL replaces the BSML (BSP-OCaml) programming primitives with scatter, gather and pardo. However, SGL does not express "horizontal" communication patterns. In this paper we introduce the GPS theorem which can be implemented later in a compiler to optimize the SGL's "horizontal" all-to-all communication. We then propose a simplified version of BSML's put based on GPS and implement Tiskin-McColl parallel sample-sort with it. The comparison of BSML's put and SGL's GPS shows that GPS has a better code readability and lower execution time.


Background: Nausea and vomiting during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section are common and unpleasant complications. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of granisetron, a selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for prophylactic treatment of nausea and vomiting in parturients undergoing nonemergent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.


Introduction. The paper presents the materials of theoretical analysis and the results of experimental studies of determining the values of the logarithmic decrement of vibration of aluminum alloy bridges, which is a key factor in calculations of bridge structures for dynamic effects. In the regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation on design of aluminum alloy bridges, there are no data for determination of logarithmic decrement of vibration. The content presents the results of research on this issue and recommendations for eliminating this shortcoming and improving the current regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The factors influencing the values of the logarithmic decrement of aluminum bridge structures have been studied, recommended values of the logarithmic decrement of bridge vibrations depending on the materials used and design solutions are given. The results of analysis of field researches of dynamic parameters of three pedestrian bridges made of aluminum alloy 1915 T1: the bridge with a span of 40.1 m across Ryazanskaya st. in Tula and two bridges with span of 10 m in the floodplain of the Yauza river in Moscow, conducted by the NRU MGSU in 2020 are presented. The bridges have load-bearing structures in the form of vertical side trusses with a triangular diagonal lattice. To identify the values of natural frequencies the bridges were studied in the mode of natural vibrations caused by impact force. Velocities of the motions of characteristic points of the bridges were recorded on the basis of which after computer processing the values of frequencies and decrements of natural vibrations have been calculated.

Results. During dynamic tests of the studied aluminum alloy bridges 1915 T1, it has been established that each frequency of the natural vibration corresponds to the value of decrement. By increasing the bridge span values of natural frequencies and their corresponding decrement values significantly decrease, the values of the decrements for the first frequency are affected by the supporting conditions, for the second frequency, the values of the decrements depend only on the material properties and the construction solution.

Conclusions. Decrease of vibration decrement values leads to increase of material consumption to ensure standard operating conditions. When designing complex and critical bridge structures using high-strength aluminum alloys the decrement values should be established in the course of scientific and technical support and experimental research of these alloy grades.


Obesity does not only influences the gestation,but also may affect the health of women after gestation and children in later life as well. For women,these risks include heart disease and hypertention.Children have a risk of future obesity and heart disease,women and their offspring have a higher risk for diabetes. Here mainly elaborates the influence of obesity caused by unhealthy diet especially the high-fat diet on gestation,including influence on the pregnant woman,fetus,and placenta. Obesity during pregnancy may result in higher risk of diabetes,pre-eclampsia,thrombotic disease,postpartum hemorrhage,and increased incidence of premature fetus,hypoxia,stillbirth and placental dysfunction.


PURPOSE: A vehicle around view video producing method using improved polygon mapping is provided to supply a plane video which is similar to a real video by remarkably improving the video distortion of an outer portion, thereby easily recognizing an obstacle near the vehicle, the approach of an object, and the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A PC(Personal Computer) or an internal processor of the vehicle sets up a reference coordinate value and produces a reference video(S20,S30). The PC or the processor obtains each distorted video from a photographed check board pattern, detects an edge of the check board pattern within each distorted video, and estimates a plurality of compensation points(S40-S60). The PC or the processor divides each distorted video into a plurality of distortion polygons and maps each pixel coordinate of the distorted video to a reference coordinate(S70,S80). The PC or the processor produces an around view image by the combination of an amendment video and a plane video of the vehicle(S90). [Reference numerals] (S10) Generate a grid pattern; (S20) Setup a reference value about each cross value of the grid pattern; (S30) Setup a reference value coordinate value and divide the reference value into a plurality of reference polygons; (S40) Obtain a distortion image by photographing a check board pattern; (S50) Detect an edge of the check board pattern; (S60) Estimate compensation points and select compensation orders; (S70) Divide the distortion image into a plurality of distortion polygons; (S80) Map the distortion polygon into a reference polygon according to the compensation orders; (S90) Generate an around view image by the combination of an amendment video and a plane video of a vehicle