Virtually since its inception, the profession of social work has been regarded by many to be a "semi"-profession, hovering somewhere between the established professions of law, medicine, and psychology and less skilled occupations such as craftsmen and clerical workers (Greenwood, 1957). With its roots in the friendly visitors and settlement workers of the late 19th century (Day, 1997), social work at times seemed more like a calling than a skill, a way to "do good" rather than a professional occupation. This view has lessened over the years as social work has acquired the essential attributes of a profession, including a solid theoretical base and an ethical code (Greenwood). But even today some uncertainties still linger, with the community's sanction of the profession-an essential attribute according to Greenwood--sometimes lacking. However, doubts about the authenticity of social work as a profession and its acceptance as such by the larger community were dispelled by no less an institution than the Supre me Court, in its 1996 decision in Jaffee v. Redmond. At issue in Jaffee was whether conversations between a social worker and her client are privileged communications and thus protected from forced disclosure in a civil action in federal court. The petitioner, Carrie Jaffee, was the administrator of the estate of Picky Allen, who had been killed by the respondent, Mary Redmond, a police officer. Jaffee filed suit in federal court alleging that the respondent had violated Allen's constitutional rights by using excessive force when responding to a police call at an apartment complex. After discovering that Redmond sought help from a licensed clinical social worker after the shooting, Jaffee sought access to the notes concerning 50 counseling sessions. Redmond resisted disclosure, even after the trial court ordered that the notes be turned over, claiming that the conversations were privileged because they occurred between a psychotherapist and her patient. Jaffee was a case of first impression for the Supreme Court, which had never before addressed the issue of whether a psychotherapist privilege existed for social workers or any of the other therapeutic disciplines, including psychiatry and psychology. The Court granted certiorari because of the importance of the issue and because the lower appeals courts could not agree on whether such a privilege existed. The Jaffee Court conducted a two-step analysis. First the Court determined whether a psychotherapist privilege should exist. Then, it decided whether the privilege should include social workers. (That this required a separate analysis is revealing. It meant that to the Court, social workers, unlike psychiatrists and psychologists, were not--at first glance--necessarily synonymous with the term psychotherapist.) The most significant hurdle the Court faced in creating a new privilege was the 300-year-old axiom "that the public [ldots] has a right to every man's evidence". (Jaffee v. Redmond, p. 1928). The principle and values underlying this rule go to the very heart of our justice system--the search for truth. Simply put, excluding facts can result in erroneous and misguided judgments. It can prevent the truth from coming out or make it difficult to determine what the truth is. For example, in Jaffee there were conflicting eyewitness accounts over the "gravamen" of the complaint, whether Redmond had used excessive force. Any statements made by Redmond to her therapist that she had used excessive force would have resolved this conflicting testimony. The majority opinion (joined by seven of the Justices) quickly dispensed with the notion that "every man's evidence" meant every piece of evidence. It recognized that the search for truth must, at times, yield to the public good. To determine when it should yield, the Court applied a balancing test, weighing the value of aggressive fact finding with the value of the psychotherapist privilege. …


Budget research in the Netherlands has yielded data relevant to traffic and transport. The budget material, consumption data of individual households, offers many opportunities for further research. This progress report recommends eleven further investigations. One of them is an analysis of the adjustments in the expenditure pattern in the period 1978-1982 against the background of stagnating incomes and divergent price developments. Another is a study of so-called marginal car drivers: households spending relatively little on second-hand cars are potential non-car drivers. A meaningful exercise would be to gather and compare all that is known about the traffic and transport behaviour of identical homogeneous household groups from three separate sources, namely, budget research, time spending research, and research into travel behaviour, to get the most complete picture of mobility behaviour of households. One purpose of this travel cost research has been to find out how far the travel budget approach is applicable to traffic and transport models. This approach is theoretically founded on the stage budgeting theory, which is a part of the theory of consumer behaviour. See also IRRD 286939.


The vibratory behaviour of dynamical mechanical systems has usually been studied by solving the deterministic solutions which are conservative or Hamiltonian by design but not necessarily by nature. In reality, friction and non-linear stiffness usually result in instability of the mechanical system under small or unpredictable levels of forcing excitation. In these cases a Duffing type equation may be derived, and in the other more difficult cases, phase plane and Poincare map solutions present phase space solutions that contain strange attractors. The level of strange attraction is indicative of fractal basins of unstable behaviour. Mechanical engineers are skilled at designing machines and structures but with the aid of chaos theory a new approach to design stability analysis is available for those instances where traditional methods, such as FFT, break down. Methods for measuring the level of chaos in a mechanical system will be described, using both computer simulation and instrumentation monitoring methods to observe stable behaviour and the onset of unstable mechanisms. The paper has a particular emphasis on signal analysis in systems that exhibit non linear behaviour.


The way pollution is managed in Western countries is based on the preservation of the taboo character of waste, which is conceived to be privately produced and seen as a threat to public health. Public authorities have been given the responsibility to isolate waste and hide it from public eyes. However, this dominant approach is challenged by the emergence of new forms of pollution. New conceptual and policy frameworks to manage environmental degradation have to be developed. The prevailing institutional structures, however, obstruct the successful societal uptake of alternative frameworks.


Previous investigators have reported that the Rotter I-E scale (1966) may measure many dimensions rather than a unidimensional trait. Following Collins (1974), each of the 23 forced-choice internal and external alternatives of the I-E scale were separated and administered as 46 Likert-scale items. The Likert-format administration was equivalent to the original method. Principal factors analysis and varimax rotation yielded five factors: belief in a nonrational world, belief in a politically unresponsive world, belief in a predictable world, belief in a just world, and belief in the meaningfulness of personal effort. These factors are similar to those reported by Collins.


Based on the support of GIS tools and land database, this paper put the LUCC theory into practice. The ArcGIS space analysis and transition matrix are used for the research of land use change of Dalian city through the 20 years' period. Result shows that, from the year 1990 to the year 2010, enormous transformation has happened in land use type, of which the overall characteristics of transformation are reduction of wood land and grass land, with the increasing of construction land and water area. The trend of city construction area's enlarging and agricultural land resources' reducing is very obvious.


This study compares patients in an English Special Hospital treated on high doses of neuroleptics with a matched group of patients on standard doses. High-dose patients had significantly more psychiatric morbidity and side-effects than controls. They were also rated as more aggressive, but psychosis rather than aggression best predicted antipsychotic dose. This study adds support to the case that there is little benefit from the use of high-dose antipsychotics.


Abstract Thirty-two glycoconjugated porphyrins were synthesized by a modification of Lindsey method in the presence of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O as a template. The Zn2+ ion template strategy improved the yield about three-fold in the case of meta-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins. In addition, free-base porphyrins were obtained almost quantitatively by demetalation with 4 M HCl. Sixteen deacetylated glycoconjugated porphyrins were tested as candidate photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs using HeLa cells. Most of the deacetylated glycoconjugated porphyrins showed higher cellular uptake than tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(β-d-arabinopyranosyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin (p-5d) in particular showed 18.5-fold higher uptake than TPPS. The photocytotoxicity of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin (p-5a), p-5d and TPPS was examined with HeLa cells, using a light dose of 16 J/cm2. These photosensitizers had no cytotoxicity in the dark, but their photocytotoxicity increased in the order of TPPS < p-5a < p-5d. These results suggest p-5d is a good candidate for a PDT drug.


We investigate the correlations between two qubits in the Grover search algorithm with arbitrary initial states by numerical simulation. Using a set of suitable bases, we construct the reduced density matrix and give the numerical expression of correlations relating to the iterations. For different initial states, we obtain the concurrence and quantum discord compared with the success probability in the algorithm. The results show that the initial states affect the correlations and the limit point of the correlations in the searching process. However, the initial states do not influence the whole cyclical trend.


The determination of the magnitude of distant earthquakes has been based thus
far on the amplitudes of Surface waves having periods of about 20 seconds, This
method can be applied only to shallow earthquakes. The determination of the magnitude
of shocks with a focal depth in excess of about 30 km. must be based on the
amplitudes of the body waves. Before this can be accomplished, the relationship
between amplitudes of body waves and the magnitude of shallow shocks must be
studied. In the present paper the amplitudes of P, PP, and S, as a function of the
magnitude M and the distance, Δ, are investigated as a first step in this direction.


Objective: To investigate the expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 in cervical carcinoma and its significance in the prognosis of the disease.Methods: The p53 and c-erbB-2 expressed proteins in tissular slices of 43 cases of cervical carcinoma was detected with immunohistochemical EliVision technique.The data were analyzed referring with the disease progress and curative results of the patients.Results:(1) The positive expression rates of p53 and c-erbB-2 were 74.4% and 69.8% respectively;(2) Positive expression of p53 was higher in squamous carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma(P0.05),but it was not obviously related to age,clinical staging,clinical types,degree of tissue differentiation,or short term curative results(P0.05);(3) Positive expression of c-erbB-2 was obviously correlated with the disease clinical staging(P0.05).It was also obviously correlated with degree of tissue differentiation in squamous carcinoma,(ⅡVSⅠ,P0.01;ⅢVSⅠ,P0.01) and infiltration of cervical(P0.01),but it was not obviously related to age,clinical types,clinical response to radiotherapy or operation,pathological types,or degree of tissue differentiation in adenocarcinoma;(4) Co-expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 was obviously correlated with cervical infiltration(P0.01),and increased along with the clinical staging of cervical carcinoma(P0.05).Conclusions: In cervical carcinoma,the expression of c-erbB-2 protein positively correlated with the malignancy.Co-expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 is obviously correlated with the progress of the disease and the infiltration surrounding the cancer,which suggest that there might be multiple genes involved in the development of cervical carcinoma.


tended to be most commonly present in the blood between the 7th to 9th postoperative days would suggest that this is likely the most dangerous period for thrombosis to occur. This fits in with clinical experiences in that thromboembolic phenomena usually do not occur before the second postoperative week.5 Taken together these facts would suggest that if anticoagulant therapy were, in the presence of any suspicious clinical signs, initiated six or seven days postoperatively, and carried on for a week or ten days, thromboembolic phenomena would be prevented or aborted, and yet the danger of producing haemorrhage at the operative site would be almost infinitesimal. While it is recognized that in some instances the number of cases involved is small it is our opinion that the following conclusions can validly be drawn.


0.9 MeV electron irradiations were performed at 28--220 K in a high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM). By measuring onset, spread and final size of the amorphous region, factoring in the Guassian distribution of the beam, a kinetic description of the amorphization in terms of dose, dose rate and temperature was obtained. The critical temperature for amorphization by electron irradiation was found to be {approximately}220 K, compared to 570--625 K for {sup 40}Ar ion irradiation. Also, the dose-to-amorphization increased exponentially with temperature. Results indicated that the rate of growth of the amorphous region under the electron beam decreased with increasing temperature and the does-to-amorphization decreased with increasing dose rate. The size of the amorphous region saturated after a region dose, the final size decreasing with increasing temperature, and it was argued that this is related to the existence of a critical dose rate, which increased with temperature, below which no amorphization occurred. The above observations can be understood in the framework of the kinetics of damage accumulation under irradiation.


Crime of insurance fraud is a kind of new crime of financial fraud. Under the market economy, this crime seriously infringes the reform of financial system, destroys the healthy development of insurance business. This paper makes a probe into some problems existing in objective behaviors of this crime, expecting to benefit the cognizance of these kind of problems in judicial practice and so as to reinforce the momentum of cracking down on this crime.


In this paper the CMAC neural network concept is applied to active vibration control. Traditional CMAC and a new CMAC with weight smoothing are compared.


American, Argentinian, and British panelists presented the arguments for and against teleanalysis (a kind of remote analysis) and shared their experimental work in the practice and teaching of psychoanalysis using the telephone and Skype with video-camera. Audience members eagerly joined in a large group discussion to explore, challenge, argue against, and support the usefulness of teleanalysis in the practice and teaching of psychoanalysis. The panel held that psychoanalysis must adapt to the current social reality posed by the global economy and use its supporting information technology in order to consider the individual, exceptional needs of analysands in training who live in rural areas and in repressed cultures, as, for instance, Eastern Europe and China, executives who travel for work, and young adults who have grown up on technology. Technology enables psychoanalytic clinicians to relate to such analysands and to maintain the optimum frequency of analytic sessions for in-depth analytic work with analysands who are far from psychoanalytic centers. The panel objected to the claim that psychoanalysis is chasing after technology as an alternative to in-depth in-person work and that telephone analysis is not analysis. They asserted that psychoanalysts continue to value the study of the in-person analytic dyad but are adapting to cultural shifts by experimenting with the supplementary use of the telephone, videoconference, and Skype in their practice and teaching of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis has been responding to cultural developments since Freud, and then, as now, this responsiveness opens up new pathways of understanding. The main questions explored were: Can psychoanalysts whose work depends on the harmonics of human interaction work in depth with a person in a circumstance in which they are alone in an office with a communication tool? Can they develop an image of the internal world of the analysand without nonverbal cues? Can there be effective affective attunement, an appreciation of resistance, work with transference and countertransference? Can a training analysis on the telephone prepare a candidate so that the analysis of their own analysands is at a level of competence equivalent to that of a candidate in traditional analysis?


Abstract. Wijayanti KAN, Istiqomah I, Murwantoko. 2021. Bacterial abundance and community composition in green, brown and red water from intensive Catfish (Clarias sp.) culture ponds in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3677-3684. Catfish (Clarias sp.) is an important aquaculture commodity in Indonesia and cultured in an intensive system. Microorganisms play an important role in maintaining water quality of aquaculture system. The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial abundance and community composition of green, brown and red water collected from intensive catfish culture ponds in Yogyakarta using next-generation sequencing method. The water samples were collected from intensive catfish culture ponds with different colors, namely green, brown and red ponds located in Yogyakarta. The DNA from water samples was extracted using DNA extraction kit and used as template for 16S rRNA amplification. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified apply for next-generation sequencing technology. This study could explore effectively the bacterial community in water samples. The bacterial communities in this catfish culture water showed higher bacterial richness compared to the other aquaculture system. The diversity of the green, brown and red catfish culture water ponds was similar with the number OTUs of the green, brown and red water samples, which were 1269; 1387 and 1323 OTUs respectively. The 694 OTUs (34.42%) were common core microbiomes in all catfish culture ponds, the 212 OTUs (10.51%) are present on green and brown water ponds, the 182 OTUs (9.02%) were on green and red water ponds, and the 183 OTUs (9.07%) were present on green and brown water ponds. However, the composition of the bacterial community was different. The most dominant phylum in green and brown water ponds was Proteobacteria with relative abundance in green water and brown water 71.6% and 47.0% respectively, whereas, the most dominant phylum in red water was Firmicutes (29.5%). The dominance of Firmicutes phylum in red water ponds may be caused by application of probiotic bacteria, the high organic content, and low oxygen concentration.


The heavy ion program of the CMS experiment will examine the QCD matter under extreme conditions, through the study of global observables and specific probes.


Private nonindustrial forest owners' intention to safeguard biodiversity in their own forest was studied by applying the theory of planned behavior. The data were collected in a nationwide mail survey sent to 3,000 Finnish forest owners (response rate 35%). The impact of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on the intention to safeguard biodiversity was empirically tested by estimating structural equation models (SEM). The empirical estimations supported the theoretical model. The influence of perceived behavioral control was inhibiting on the intention and slightly stronger than the explanatory power of attitude or the subjective norm. External factors had an impact on the explanatory pattern of the intention. The effect of subjective norm increased and the role of attitude decreased with age. Academic education increased the importance of attitudes and decreased the role of normative pressures. In the development of voluntary measures aimed at safeguarding biodiversity, special attention should be paid to the reduction of the obstacles for the implementation perceived by forest owners. Forest owners often perceive important to retain decision-making power for the next generation. Forest owners should be provided with information about the different measures for safeguarding biodiversity and the contract terms.
 Study Implications: Forest owners consider active timber production, compensation level, willingness to retain decision-making power for the next generation, and small forest ownership as factors that inhibit their intention to safeguard biodiversity in their own forests. Forest owners' attitude toward safeguarding forest biodiversity and the normative pressures the reference groups create have a slightly smaller effect on intention. It is important to take the views of forest owners into account when developing voluntary measures for safeguarding biodiversity. It is essential to distribute information to forest owners about the available measures, their requirements, and compensation.


Quantum interface between photons is a long- standing goal of fundamental significance, and also serves as powerful tools for quantum technologies. Remarkable advances in quantum optics have recently developed in several platforms to demonstrate the generation of optical nonlinearities at the level of individual photons, which enable a number of unique applications such as light-by-light control at quantum level. Here, we present two examples in the realm of continuous variables based on the platform of flying atoms where thermal motion of atoms with long-lived coherence of ground state mediate the coupling between the spatially separated optical channels.


An Open Source automated, based on Semantic Web and artificial intelligence is being developed. This tool is expected to aid researchers and statisticians in selecting data sources and indexing mass of data, to manage common problems to be able to monitor food and nutrition habits in the


SUMMARY Palaeomagnetic observations are being used in increasingly sophisticated geological and geophysical interpretations. It is therefore important to test the theories behind palaeomagnetic recording by rocks, and this can only be achieved using samples containing precisely controlled magnetic mineralogy, grain size and interparticle spacing, the last of which controls the degree of magnetostatic interactions within the samples. Here we report the room- and low temperature magnetic behaviour of a set of samples produced by the nano-scale patterning technique electron beam lithography. The samples consist of 2-D arrays of near-identical magnetite dots of various sizes, geometries and spatial configurations, with dot sizes from ranging from near the single domain threshold of 74–333 nm. We have made a series of magnetic measurements including hysteresis, first-order-reversal curve measurements and remanence acquisition, many as a function of temperature between 20 and 300 K, to quantify the samples' behaviour to routine palaeomagnetic measurement procedures. We have also examined the behaviour of saturation isothermal remanences (SIRM) to cooling and warming cycling of the sample below room temperature. In addition, we investigated the samples' responses to alternating-field demagnetization of room temperature induced SIRM, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and partial ARM. ARM was used as a non-heating analogue for natural thermoremanence. Given the 2-D spatial distribution of the samples, in all the experiments we conducted both in-plane and out-of-plane measurements. Generally, the samples were found to display pseudo-single-domain hysteresis characteristics, but were found to be reliable recorders of weak-field remanences like ARM. For the closely packed samples, the samples' magnetic response was highly dependent on measurement orientation.


Objective To determine the best application time of recombinant human erythropoietin(rHu EPO)in the prevention of premature infant anemia.Methods Forty one premature infants(34 weeks of gestation,body weight(1 800 g)were andomly assigned to two groups:Group A(n=21)receives rHu(subcutaneous injection with 200 IU EPO at 1 day interval,3 times a week for 3 to 6 weeks)within 7 days after birth,and Group B(n=20)receives rHu(subcutaneous injection with 200 IU EPO,same schedule as Group A)only when the levels of hemoglobin(Hb)was lower than 140 g/L.The levels of Hb,hematocrit(Hct),and reticulocyte counts(Ret)were monitored.Results All premature infants showed a declined in the value of Hb and Hct,and the declined in these values was slower in Group A infants(Hb,P0.05;Hct,P0.01).Infants in Group A had a significantly higher Ret at the end of second week after treatment(P0.01,P0.05).The need for blood transfusion was also reduced in Group A(0% vs 20%)(4 cases)of infants in Group B receiveing transfusion(P=0.019).Conclusion Premature infant receiving rHu EPO had a normal Hb in the first week after treatment.rHu EPO may not be effective when the anemia was developed.


Objective
To investigate the association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene promoter polymorphisms with generalized pustular psoriasis.

Methods
Totally, 91 patients of Han nationality with generalized pustular psoriasis (generalized pustular psoriasis group) and 102 health checkup examinees (healthy control group) were enrolled into this study. PCR and direct sequencing were performed to analyze the -238, -308 and -857 polymorphic sites of the TNF-α promoter.

Results
The frequency of the A allele at TNF-α-238 site was significantly higher in the generalized pustular psoriasis group than in the healthy control group (P = 0.003, OR = 4.819, 95% CI: 1.581-14.694) , so was the frequency of GA/AA genotype (P = 0.006, OR = 4.455, 95% CI: 1.410 - 14.077) . However, no significant differences were observed in the frequencies of G/A alleles (P = 0.794) and GG/GA/AA genotypes (P = 0.786) at TNF-α-308 site, or in the frequencies of C/T alleles (P = 0.474) and CC/CT/TT genotypes (P = 0.453) at TNF-α-857 site, between the generalized pustular psoriasis group and healthy control group.

Conclusion
TNF-α-238G > A polymorphisms may be associated with the occur-rence of generalized pustular psoriasis.

Key words:
Psoriasis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Polymorphism, single nucleotide; Transcription Initiation Site; Generalized pustular psoriasis


In this study, PES/Pebax composite membranes were prepared by coating the porous PES support layers by Pebax-1657. Film casting and pouring methods were used for coating Pebax layer. The effects of coating technique and conditions including coating solution concentration and curing temperature on CO 2 and CH 4 gas permeabilities of prepared composite membranes were investigated. SEM images were used to investigate the structure of the prepared membranes. Pure CH 4 and CO 2 gases were used to investigate the gas permeation properties of the prepared membranes at different trans-membrane pressures (1-11 bar) and feed temperatures (25-55°C). The obtained data showed that the prepared PES supports did not provide any CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity. The results also showed the CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity for the membrane prepared via pouring technique was higher than that of the film casting procedure due to the defect-free Pebax layer formation. CO 2 and CH 4 permeance increased as the feed temperature increased from 25 to 55°C. The results also showed that CO 2 permeance increased from 6.8 to 10.1 GPU with an increase in feed pressure from 2 to 12 barg, while CH 4 permeance remained almost constant and CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity increased from 27 to 42.


Detection and removal of antipersonnel landmines is an important world-wide concern. A huge number of landmines have been deployed during the last twenty years and demining will take several more decades, assuming the topic that no more mines are going to be deployed in the future. An adequate mine clearance rate requires the use of new technologies such as improved sensors, efficient manipulators and mobile robots. This paper presents some basic ideas about the configuration of a mobile system to detect and locate antipersonnel landmines in an efficient and effective way. This paper describes the main features of the global system that consists of: a sensor head able to detect some kind of landmines; a manipulator to move the sensor head over large areas; a locating system based on a global positioning system, a remote supervisor computer and a legged robot used as a carrier of the referred subsystems. The whole system has been configured to work on a semi-autonomous mode taking care on robot mobility and energy efficiency, as well.


Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes of exercising the knee early with CPM after the distal femur fractures treated by GSH intramedullary interlocking nail. Methods: From March 1998 to August 2002, 118 cases of distal femur fractures were treated by GSH intramedullary interlocking nail. The fracture was classified according to AO/ASIF: 48 cases of type A1, 26 cases of type A2, 19 cases of type A3, 18 cases of type C1 and 7 cases of type C2. The 72 patients were exercised with CPM after the distal femur fractures treated by GSH intramedullary interlocking nail (CPM group) and 46 patients (control group) were not exercised with CPM after the distal femur fractures treated by GSH intramedullary interlocking nail. Results: The functional scores: In the CPM group after three months, 38 were excellent, 26 good, 8 fair and 0 bad with an excellent rate of 88.89 %; In the control group after three months, 2 were excellent, 9 good, 33 fair and 2 bad with an excellent rate of 23.91 %. In the CPM group after one year, 37 were excellent, 28 good, 7 fair and 0 bad with an excellent rate of 90.28 %; in the control group after one year, 2 were excellent, 10 good, 32 fair and 2 bad with an excellent rate of 26.09 %.Conclusion: It is a good way to exercise the knee early with CPM after the distal femur fractures treated by GSH intramedullary interlocking nail.


Alloy IN718 is widely used Ni – Cr – Fe hardenable material used mostly up to 700°C working temperature. Its microstructure is well described in works of authors [1-3]. Generally, as hardened conditions consist of solid solution gamma (FCC γ – phase, NiCr(Fe)), semi-coherent precipitate gamma prime (L12 γ' – phase Ni3Al(Ti)), main strengthening also semi-coherent phase gamma double prime (BCT DO22 γ'' – phase Ni3Nb), and incoherent delta (orthorhombic δ – phase Ni3Nb). All mentioned phases above are responsible for alloy's unique properties. However, not all phases are considered as helpful for mechanical properties. The influence of δ-phase is questionable, in small amounts situated at grain boundaries improves mechanical properties – especially ultimate tensile strength (UTS). At higher content may act as crack initiation site when cyclic loading is applied. There are two possible ways how to artificially increase the δ-phase amount. The first one is to vary the chemical composition, mainly the Nb content. δ-phase at temperature range 1010°C-870°C needs at least 6 to 8% of niobium to crystalize.


Objectives: To compare Clinical fi ndings of Meniscal Tears with Arthroscopic fi ndings and to prove effi cacy of arthroscopy. Design: Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Th e study is perform at Department of Orthopaedics, Hamdard University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Civil Hospital Karachi, National Medical Center, Ankelseria and OMI Hospitals from July 2001 to 2004. Patients and Methods: Th e study comprised of 74 patients. We examined a group of patients with a suspected tear of menisci and focused on the clinical history and fi ndings which are most oft en related to the injuries of menisci. Only the clinically stable knees were selected and any suspected anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear ware not included in our study. All the patients were selected from the outpatient department aft er careful clinical examination and basic investigations. Th e relevant data of all the patients was recorded aft er including them in the study. A proper clinical evaluation was made before arthroscopy. A 30 degree arthroscope was used in all the cases and the arthroscopy was performed under general anesthesia, or spinal anesthesia with tourniquet. Results: Th e results of our study was that the accuracy rate of clinical diagnosis (77%) in comparison to that of arthroscopic diagnosis, signifi es the diagnostic role of arthroscopy in meniscal tears. Conclusion: It is concluded that arthroscopy has provided orthopaedic surgeons with highly successful tool in diagnosing and treating meniscal tears.


There are no previous reports regarding the use of hydrophobic sand layer in aridland agriculture datepalm cultivation. In this study we tested the influence of different layers of nano-sand (hydrophobic sand) to reduce soil water requirements, and plant growth performance. Hydrophobic sand made by using nanotechnology is a novel concept, in which the natural sweet sand is coated with nano particles of pure silica by vapours of a silicon compound called trimethylhydroxysilane (CH 3 ) 3 SiOH by special chemical treatment. Datepalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tree is the most popular and important tree in UAE, it is mainly cultivated in sandy soil. This type of soil is characterized by low organic matter, high infiltration rate, and low water holding capacity, low nutrient holding capacity and low fertility. Under these conditions, hydrophobic sand may be a key factor in improving the crop growth. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the effect of hydrophobic sand application on growth of datepalm, to determine the uptake of nutrients and heavy metals by crop and to evaluate the major chemical and physical properties of the soil as affected by hydrophobic sand application. The results were promising, the application of hydrophobic sand gave the highest shoot and root fresh and dry weights of datepalm seedlings compared to control. Root length of datepalm seedlings was strongly affected by application of hydrophobic sand especially in the second growing season 2009-2010 in which there was 40% increment in the root length compared to control. The results of heavy metal concentrations in date palm leaves and roots showed that the heavy metal levels (Cd, Mo, Pb and Se) were within the recommended level. The heavy metal concentrations in datepalm soil were within the recommended level.


Both pyroclastic flow with eruption of a volcano and avalanche at snow-covered mountain are commonly a phenomenon where mixture of particles and fluid fall down at a slope. Purpose of this study is to investigate the group effect of many particles in the mixture. In order to realize the fluid on inclined slope, clear acrylic square pole filled with water is fixed with a pedestal, at arbitrary inclination angle. The side length of square is 10cm, and height of the pole is 50cm. In addition, the pole is marked in each 10cm from the top. In order to realize free fall down of particles group, glass beads with same size are dropped down from the bottom at top of the inclined water tank. Furthermore, in order to investigate group effect of particles, the number of the glass beads was changed from 1 to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 20, 30 and 50. In each experiment, the terminal velocity of the glass beads group is measured. The method of measurement is that 1. A smart phone is set to timer mode. 2. Both free fall of the glass beads and indication of the timer are recorded as a movie, using a digital camera of home appliances. 3. The time when the group of the glass beads pass by the marks on the water tank are read with low speed playing, and the data is converted to velocity data. In the range from one particle experiment to 5 particles experiment, each bead fall down in almost same speed. In the six or more particles experiment, the particles group broke apart in lengthways. The ranking of each bead is changing each other. However, both the head bead and the end bead are always recognized. As a result of velocity measurement of the head bead and the end bead in each time, it was found that each velocity is almost same, after passage time through the first mark. Therefore, total average of the top bead velocity and the end bead velocity in each passage time is regarded as the terminal velocity of the beads group. A result of the three kind of experiment series is shown by fig. 1. Not only the larger is inclined angle the larger is the terminal velocity, but also, we can see interesting common features in any inclined angle. That is, 1. In the range that the number of particles is from 1 to 3, the larger is the number of particles the smaller is the terminal velocity of particle group. 2. In the range that the number of particles is from 4 to 6, after ones jumping of the speed, the larger is the number of particles the smaller is the terminal velocity of particle group again. 3. In the range that the number of particles is from 6 to 50, the larger is the number of particles the larger is the terminal velocity of particle group on the contrary. It is implied that the effect of group of particles is able to categorized into three kind systems. About the fall down of the mixture of particles group and fluid, a simple model was supposed. a interpretation against changing tendency of the terminal velocity was tried.


Evaluating the generalization performance of learning machines without using additional test samples is one of the most important issues in the machine learning community. The subspace information criterion (SIC) is one of the methods for this purpose, which is shown to be an unbiased estimator of the generalization error with finite samples. Although the mean of SIC agrees with the true generalization error even in small sample cases, the scatter of SIC can be large under some severe conditions. In this paper, we therefore investigate the causes of degrading the precision of SIC, and discuss how its precision could be improved.


Hiding true personality behind a facade is one of the basic tricks adopted by humans who live double lives for illegal purposes. In particular terrorists have historically adopted the protocol of a facade behaviour coupled with a second life consisting mainly in illegal activities and their planning. Nowadays a few cases of behaviours that hide a dangerous activity, possibly illegal, behind an apparentely neutral and mean public person, can be replicated, and sometimes just provided, by a social network profile. Recognizing that a social network profile is fake, in some extreme cases, a bot, and determining the contour relationships that limit such a condition is one of the most important weapons for terrorism fight. In this paper we show that what we name the Spider-man protocol, a set of behaviour rules that bring to hiding a personality behind a facade, has several weaknesses, and it is prone to a set of attacks that permit to detect these behaviours. We provide the description of an experimental architecture that is used for determining violations of the protocol, and therefore breaches in the secrecy of the individual protection settled by the terrorists.


A system includes a standard functionality hosting device. The hosting device includes standard functionality hosting logic that includes machine-readable instructions stored on a tangible, non-transitory machine-readable medium configured to implement, control, or implement and control management functionalities defined by a standard, for one or more devices that are not independently enabled to implement, control, or implement and control the management functionalities. Further, the hosting device includes a processor configured to implement the alarm standard hosting logic.


In "Survey of New York City Resident Physicians on Cause-of-Death Reporting, 2010," (Survey) (1), Wexelman et al reported on New York City (NYC) resident physicians' self-reported beliefs and behaviors relating to NYC's cause-of-death reporting system. In mid-2010, they asked residents about their experiences in the prior 1 to 3 years (June 2007–June 2010); they found that only one-third of residents believed cause-of-death reporting was accurate, and about half had knowingly reported at least one inaccurate cause of death, often at the request of a medical examiner or admitting staff or because "the system" would not accept the correct cause. Residents reported most frequently using heart disease as an inaccurate cause of death. These findings reflect previous US-wide (2) and NYC (3) reports of cardiovascular disease death overreporting and poor quality cause-of-death reporting. Survey authors recommended that the system "allow reporting of more causes" and that resident physicians receive better training but did not describe successful quality-improvement efforts undertaken since these residents' experiences 3 to 6 years ago.


The Iran-Iraq war is unique in the history of conflicts between Third World states in that it has already raged for over five years, and there is still no end in sight. To put this war in perspective, it should be pointed out that most conflicts between Third World states are usually of a few weeks duration-witness the Indo-Pakistani wars, the conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia, and the ArabIsraeli wars (although Israel has many features that put it in a category distinct from the Thud World). Excluded from consideration here, of course, are wars of national liberation or unification such as in Algeria or Vietnam because they are not inter-state conflicts but civil wars which are largely fought by unconventional means and for objectives that usually do not lend themselves to compromise or dilution. Conventional inter-state wars between Third World countries are usually of short duration because their staying power is severely circumscribed-militarily because of their limited financial resources and dependence on external sources of arms, and politically because of the brittle nature of their polities which cannot absorb long drawn-out conflicts without severe bouts of system-malfunction. These constraints soon outweigh the perceived political or military benefits for which the wars were launched, and the parties involved are often ready to accept cease-fire arrangements even though they may be as far away from attaining their objectives as when the war began. Such mutual interest in ending hostiIities after a few weeks affords a non-zero-sum quality to the cease-fire because its pursuit has become a desirable goal in and of itself. In the case of the Iran-Iraq war, this logic is partially applicable at best. Its explanatory power is largely limited to Iraq. From the time when Saddam Hussein's regime came to realize that it had bitten off far more than it could chew by invading Iran, it tried everything to shield the Iraqi population from the adverse effects of the war; the measures employed include increased supplies of goods, stepped-up public development projects, and generous payments to families of War casualties. About a year after invading Iran, Iraq began to publicize its readiness to return to &he status quo ante on the basis of the "no victor no van-


This paper preliminarily estimates environmental value of thermal power (EVTP) in China by forecasting the size of thermal power units in future. It was found that China's EVTP is huge, and will exceed 200 billion yuan in 2017, 300 billion yuan in 2020 and 500 billion yuan in 2029. Meanwhile, there are a large number of investment opportunities in environmental technology development and environmental protection equipment installation in thermal power. Therefore, China's huge EVTP lays a solid foundation to development fund of thermal power.


Abstract This study is intended to research female university students' concern with beauty care, their skin condition, knowledge and treatment comparing the majors with the non-majors in Seoul. This comparative study between them focused on their educational and behavioral differences in beauty care in the same living space, and the results were as follows:The majors' average point on the concern with skin health care was higher than the non-majors(p<.01). There were more combination skin type in the major group, and more dry skin type in the non-major group. Also, there were meaningful differences among the two groups in frequency of double cleansing after makeup, exfoliating, massaging or applying mask packs, using sunscreen(p<.01, p<.001, p<.01, p<.01). Further, intake rates of instant food and moisture were meaningfully different between them(p<.001, p<.05). In addition, the majors more tended to purchase cosmetics efficiently through lots of channels, and showed more active attitude to buy high-price cosmetics with outstanding properties although they have financial burden(p<.001). It was hoped that the results of this study would be used in skin care industry and education area in the future.Key Words : Skin health, Skin knowledge, Skin treatment, Beauty care, Skin condition


The main geohazards that South Africans need to know about relate to 'home-made' earthquakes in mining areas (through seismic activity), massive natural sinkholes, landslides, sudden flooding, and extensive coastal erosion.


Woven fabric composites made from commingled fibreglass and polypropylene fibres have the potential to make lightweight structural parts to replace metal structures in automobiles when competitively produced using thermostamping techniques. To expedite the acceptance of such composites, a credible design tool needs to be available to study the associated manufacturing process. For such a numerical method, a material model is required. Because the tows of the fabric are essentially inextensible, shear is the major deformation mode for assuming the stamped shape. The shear mechanical behaviour of fabric is obtained from a shear-frame test. A finite element model using a combination of truss and 2D solid elements is proposed. The truss elements represent the tows and use a nonlinear material model for capturing the increasing stiffness of the tows with increasing tensile strain. The 2D Solid elements capture the interaction between tows and the viscosity of the resin. The bias-extension test is a valuable test for investigating the shear performance of woven fabric composites. Using the finite element method, the bias-extension test is modelled, analysed and compared experimentally to verify the credibility of the woven-fabric material model.


To study the appliance of the fast fixed-point independent component analysis(Fast ICA) in extracting fetal electrocardiogram(FECG).Fast ICA was used to distinguish the FECG and maternal electrocardiogram(MECG),which was based on statistical independence.FECG could be extracted quickly by Fast ICA.It is a new feasible analyzing tool to apply ICA in extracting FECG.


Globalisation and technical change increase the intensity of competition within and between financial centres already subject to competitive pressures from an apparently highly mobile financial capital. However, financial production is shaped by its complex, socially constructed cultural geography through which the variety of its markets take place and its profits are defined and made. The production of mortgage-backed securities within the City of London illustrates the argument.


Adhesive joints of carbon fiber/epoxy laminates were studied using an epoxy resin as the adhesive. In order to enhance the mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy adhesives, they were modified by the introduction of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Also, different surface treatments, such as grit blasting, peel ply, and plasma, were applied to the laminates. The CNFs addition slows down the curing reaction of the epoxy adhesive although the final conversion is still high. The contact angle of nanoreinforced adhesives on the surface of treated laminates is lower than that of the neat epoxy resin. However, this increase of wettability scarcely modified the lap shear strength. Plasma treatment causes an important increase of the surface energy of laminates, markedly increasing the joint strength. The fracture mechanisms of the adhesive joints tested in the present study are strongly dependent on the surface treatment applied to the laminates.


Recent technological advances in the detection and characterization of cell free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are providing new opportunities for treatment tailoring based on real-time monitoring of clonal evolution. Circulating biomarkers can provide a "liquid biopsy" alternative to tissue biopsies allowing noninvasive tumor genotyping and the serial analysis of genomic changes from a simple blood test. The emerging clinical benefits of ctDNA analysis in the management of solid tumours has led to an expansion of opportunities in the use of ctDNA for disease monitoring in haematological malignancies. Research in this area has rapidly expanded exploring the role of ctDNA for risk stratification, monitoring tumour burden and identifying the early emergence of treatment resistance. In the management of lymphoma, comprehensive analysis of somatic genomic alterations in plasma DNA has emerged as an important clinical tool. The use of ctDNA analysis to follow tumour specific genomic alterations identified on an individual basis can be used to help identify minimal residual disease post treatment and guide therapeutic decisions. Moreover, ctDNA analysis can been utilized to identify distinct biological subtypes of lymphoma and provide insights into patterns of genomic evolution following treatment. The role of ctDNA as a minimally invasive strategy for disease monitoring has also recently been demonstrated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) showing additional potential of this technique in haematological malignancies with a circulating disease component. In CLL, ctDNA analysis can reveal changes in the disease across tissue compartments, including the bone marrow and lymph nodes, providing additional information to that which can be assessed by monitoring the circulating disease alone. Serial ctDNA analysis in CLL can allow clonal dynamics to be monitored over time and can identify the emergence of genomic changes associated with Richter's syndrome. Here, I will focus on the use of ctDNA technology to follow disease burden and track genomic changes in patients receiving novel therapies for lymphoid malignancies, as well as the promises and challenges in developing these tools for clinical application.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper introduces a novel wide stopband microstrip bandpass filter working at 2 GHz. Stepped-impedance quarter-wavelength resonators are used here to reduce the size of the filter. Mixed electric and magnetic coupling between the resonators are adopted to introduce two transmission zeros on each side of the passband. Thus, the selectivity of the filter is improved. Also, due to the cancellation of the electric coupling and the magnetic coupling, the first spurious passband is suppressed and the stopband rejection is more than 20 dB up to 10 GHz. The measured results show that the filter is working at a center frequency of 1.95 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 5%. Simulated and measured results agree with each other very well.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sheet for a coil capable of improving adhesive power of laminated sheets of a coil while maintaining peeling properties between a base layer and an adhesive layer in the sheet for a coil, a coil, and a manufacturing method of the same.SOLUTION: A sheet 37 for a coil is so configured that a conducting layer 32a and a heat resistant organic insulating layer 33a are adhered to a base layer 35 through a thermosetting adhesive layer 34a in a state of a B stage. In a coil, among sheets 37 for the coil, a lamination sheet 36a containing the conducting layer 32a peeled from the base layer 35, the insulating layer 33a, and the adhesive layer 34a is wound around a predetermined axial line for a plurality of times and the adhesive layer 34a is thermally set.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3


BACKGROUND: Need to address superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is essential since SVCS has the potential to be fatal if not treated as an emergency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty histologically confirmed patients with SVCS due to lung cancer treated from January 2015 to December 2020 were taken up for the study. Two groups of patients received two different radiation regimens for SVCS: Treatment 1:300 cGy per fraction for 10 fractions (40%, n = 18) and Treatment 2:400 cGy per fraction for 5 fractions (52.5%, n = 22). These two groups were analyzed in terms of clinical outcomes based on tumor and treatment characteristics and their association with symptom reduction and treatment response in SVCS in lung cancer patients. RESULTS: The mean survival for Treatment 1 is 6.6 months and Treatment 2 is 8 months but is not a statistically significant difference (P = 0.587; confidence interval [CI] 95%). The mean symptom reduction for Treatment 1 is within 10.1 days and for Treatment 2 is within 5.6 days, which is statistically significant (P = 0.001; CI 95%). Overall survival for patients whose symptoms reduced after treatment is 9.85 months while for patients where no symptom reduction is 1.2 months, which is statistically significant (P = 0.0005; CI 95%). CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy (RT) regimen of 400 cGy per fraction for 5 fractions is superior to 300 cGy per fraction for 10 fractions regimen in terms of rate of SVCS symptom reduction. patients whose SVCS symptoms improved after planned RT has better overall survival. Whereas progression/nil improvement/incompletion of planned RT have poorer prognosis in terms of overall survival.


Let $\Delta(d,n)$ denote the maximum diameter of a $d$-dimensional polyhedron with $n$ facets. In this paper, we propose a unified analysis of a recursive inequality about $\Delta(d,n)$ established by Kalai and Kleitman in 1992. This yields much simpler proofs of a tail--polynomial and tail--almost--linear bounds on $\Delta(d,n)$ which are recently discussed by Gallagher and Kim.


Disclosed is a wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer provided with a grating for demultiplexing a multiplexed optical signal to single-channel optical signals, an input waveguide for inputting the optical signal to the grating, and output waveguides for outputting the optical signals demultiplexed by the grating, wherein the input waveguide comprises: a first sub-waveguide, in which its width is gradually increased in a progressing direction of the optical signal; and a second sub-waveguide, in which its width is gradually decreased in the progressing direction of the optical signal passing through the first sub-waveguide. Since the inputted optical signal within the increased portion of the input waveguide has an expended bandwidth and the inputted optical signal within the decreased portion of the input waveguide has a reduced side lobe, the wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer of the present invention prevents an interference effect generated between neighboring channels and improves quality of the optical signal transmitted and received in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication network.


FANNY is a fuzzy or soft clustering algorithm, where each node in the graph is associated with a membership coefficient, indicating degree of belongingness of each node to different clusters. In this paper, we proposed a method for multiple dimension reduction of feature space of graphs or networks by using Spectral methods for FANNY clustering algorithm. Simulations of our method on two real networks show that, the proposed algorithm produced better result than traditional FANNY in-terms of runtime as well as modularity.


A new species Thyreophagus cracentiseta n. sp. is described morphologically based on adult females, adult homeomorphic and heteromorphic males collected from chicken feed in Brazil. The Thyreophagus species associated with stored food and human habitats are reviewed, and a key to separate species of this genus is provided.


Order and pattern abound in the natural world. However, whereas the emergence of order and pattern in physical or biological systems is typically explained by means of self-organization and field dynamics, the emergence of order and pattern in psychological systems is typically explained by means of mediating endogenous entities (such as representations or specialized brain areas) or mechanisms (such as motor or genetic programs). I review a self-organization and field-based approach to understanding order and patterns in a variety of physical and biological systems. I then provide a sketch of recent research that has applied such an approach to understanding order and pattern in psychological phenomena (including development, motor control, perception, cognition, and social behavior). Such an approach promises to reduce the explanatory burden associated with psychological phenomena and brings explanations of such phenomena into greater congruence with natural law.


This paper proposes an algorithm,which discovers the disparity between the organization of web-site and the association of users' interest by mining association rules of web log.This algorithm also considers the existing web-site organization to pick out such web pages that are usually visited in the same browsing course but have a long distance among them in the web-site topology,then adds direct links among these pages,and finally implements the adjustment of web-site organization to improve efficiency of web-site.


Fosberg, F. Raymond, M. V. C. Falanruw, and Marie-Helene Sachet. Vascular Flora of the Northern Marianas Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 22, 45 pages, 2 figures, 1975.--1-\ systematic catalog of the vascular plants known from the northern 10 islands in the Marianas Archipelago in Micronesia, with a short geographical introduction and, for each species, ecological and geographic data and specimen citations, or, where these are unavailable, citations of literature records. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Srnithsonian Year. SI PRESS N m m m 5217. SWES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllurn japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908Vascular flora of the Northern Marianas Islands. (Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 22) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:22 1. Botany-Mariana Islands. I. Falanruw, Marjorie V. C., joint author. 11. Sachet, MarieHblhne, joint author. 111. Title. IV. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 22. QKlS2747 no. 22 [QK473.M34] 581'.08s [581.9'96'7] 74-20631


The Na K vapor is excited by the fixed frequency line 488.0 nm of the Ar + laser. The NaK excited state is depopulated by radiative decay, predissociation and excitation transfer collision with the ground state atoms. By combining ratios of atomic to molecular fluorescence with the NaK( E ) state lifetime, all studied as a function of K density, the absolute rates for predissociation and collisional excitation transfer have been obtained.


BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of viral and bacterial-related chronic airway disease exacerbations, such as asthma and nasal polyposis, although they do not effectively suppress them. Infections may contribute to disease deterioration by inducing glucocorticoid insensitivity/resistance. AIM: To elucidate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in nasal mucosa and nasal polyp fibroblasts. METHODS: Nasal polyp fibroblasts from asthmatic patients (n= 12) and control nasal mucosa fibroblasts (n= 10) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with LPS (10 mg/ml) for 24 h prior to dexamethasone addition for different concentrations and times. Cytokine/chemokine secretion was measured by ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array, the expression of GRα, GRβ, mitogen-activated protein-kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, and GRα/β nuclear translocation by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: LPS increased (P CONCLUSION: Repression of GR signalling by bacterial products like LPS may contribute to the low clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of infectious-related inflammatory diseases.


The paper analyzes aspects of the formation and development of the concept of public spaces. The classification of public spaces and their requirements are considered. The concept of a pedestrian bridge in the floodplain of the Tsaritsa river is proposed on the basis of generalization and analysis, applying the practice of developing level public spaces to the city of Volgograd, which is characterized by a complex terrain. The bridge will play an important role here. Its main function is communicative, since it could be used for the transition between the Central and Voroshilovsky districts of the city and, especially, for facilitating walks in the Park zone of the floodplain of the Tsaritsa river, since at the moment this zone is divided by the structures of the Volga children's railway and therefore cannot be fully accessible and permeable space. A recreational function can also be implemented – the bridge will allow you to get into the garden, which can also be arranged on the roof of the Museum "Russia-my history" without climbing stairs, you can also place viewing platforms and a recreation area on the widths of the bridge. The bridge structure itself should become the dominant space that attracts visitors to the "Razdol'e" park.


To study the best technical parameters of maize straw and pig manure compost in packing bags,orthogonal test was designed with different C/N,fermenting inoculum and moisture content of maize straw and pig manure.The formula,which was C/N 25 ~ 35∶1,fermenting inoculum Bio and moisture content 40%~55%,was the optimum formula of maize straw and pig manure composting in packing bags.The organic matter decreased slightly,but the total phosphorus and potassium were increased at the end of the compost.The toxicity tests showed that each test reached maturity.Packaged composting gave a good way to comprehensive utilization of little agricultural wastes.


Several studies have showed that antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) positivity represents a predictor of worse renal outcome in patients with Lupus Nephritis (LN). In addition, an association between aPL positivity and the histological data of vascular lesions on the renal biopsies has been reported.To determine the prognostic role of aPL and vascular renal lesions in the assessment of clinical outcome during the follow up period, in terms of time to achieve remission, number of renal flares and development of chronic renal damage in patients affected by LN.Among 120 patients affected by LN from our Rheumatology Unit, 91 patients (age 43.8 ± 12 years, 74 (81.3%) female, disease duration 7.1 ± 7.9 years) have been evaluated and the follow-up data have been collected at the baseline and at 6, 12, 24 months and at the last follow-up visit. Histopathological data of 41 patients were evaluated according to the 2016 revision of ISN/RPS classification.Among the 91 LN patients, 31 (34.1%) were aPL positive (aPL+), 10 (32.2%) of them were affected by Antiphospholipid Antibodies Syndrome (APS), 53.3% showed a single aPL positivity, 23.1% double aPL positivity and 15.4% triple aPL positivity. At the last follow up visit a significant higher number of aPL+ patients showed a persistent complement consumption than aPL negative (aPL-) patients (p=0.001). Evaluating clinical outcome, we observed that aPL- patients showed a remission achievement time slightly earlier than aPL+ patients (13.6 ± 1.0 months vs 16.5 ± 1.5 months; log-rank test: p=0.06, Breslow test: p=0.08) and as expected, patients with a persistent complement consumption achieve remission later (18.2 ± 1.5 months vs 13.0 ± 1 months; log-rank test: p=0.002, Breslow test: p=0.003). Furthermore at the last follow up, a significant higher percentage of aPL+ patients developed persistent proteinuria (p=0.02) and chronic renal failure (p=0.04). Considering histologic features (activity and chronicity index, glomerulonephritis class, presence of mesangiolysis, glomerular wrinkling, glomerular thrombi, interstitial inflammatory infiltrates, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy,tubulitis and vascular lesions) we didn't observe significant differences between aPL+ and aPL- patients but we found two typical vascular lesions (mesangiolysis and vascular thrombi) only in aPL + patients.aPL positivity is a predictor of worse renal outcome but in our cohort of LN patients we didn't find an association between aPL positivity and vascular renal lesions at renal biopsy. The worse renal outcome and the late time to achieve remission in aPL+ group can be related to a cumulative vascular damage over time as observed in other organ and systems.None declared


Sri Lanka's health system has a long track record of strong performance. This case study describes the main features and achievements of Sri Lanka's high-performing health system, to distill lessons for the rest of the world. UNICO case studies focus on a particular health coverage program. In Sri Lanka, the selected health coverage program is the government's national health service (NHS) that was established in the 1930s and has remained broadly the same since then. Thus, the entire government health system is taken as the health coverage program, without narrowing the focus to a specific program. The relationship between the government system and the private health sector in Sri Lanka is explored in the case study. Looking forward, the pending agenda related to addressing the health needs of an aging population is also discussed.


Abstract – Ground Control Station (GCS) is a very important part in controlling and monitoring UAV aircraft as well as monitoring a mission so that operators at the home base can send mission orders. The importance of this mission requires a system in this case, namely the GCS that can be connected to various types of unmanned vehicles. This study develops a GCS system that is used for controlling and monitoring the condition of UAV aircraft and sending waypoint tracking mission commands that are connected to a cloud server via the internet. This system consists of two units, namely the flight unit and the video unit, the flight unit consists of a flight controller, the video unit is a system that is on a camera connected to telemetry and connected to the internet so that it can be accessed via the internet, thus controlling and monitoring UAV aircraft and target control delivery on the GCS will be accessible anywhere via the internet. The GCS system has been able to display the condition of the aircraft status, sending flight hover mission commands, land and sending missions, namely tracking waypoints and camera object coordinates. In areas where the mission's 4G internet signal can run smoothly by sending 15 takeoff and landing control waypoints which manually with precision results, the fix wings type UAV aircraft can pass through several tracking waypoints that experience errors.


Based on the stable filament winding pattern, it describes the moving relationship between the pay-off and the delivery point on the rotating mandrel. This model can deduce the vector of the yarn during filament winding, illustrate the track of the delivery point. It shows the moving equations for the filament winding machine.


The problem of maximal independent sets of a graph is an important NP-complete problem in graph theory.The maximal independent set has a number of applications in areas such as coding theory,channel assignment,resource placement and error-correcting codes.In this paper,using the theory of quasi order relation,the general method for generating all maximal independent sets is given.The method is simple and practical and has been realized easily by a computer program.


Although the 1990s literary situation was more complicated than the 1980s, its predominant spirit was still very obvious. It was the most important literary event that someone drastically denied the secular desires such as Zhang Chengzhi etc. But after this the larger scale secular movement came up, and to write the desires became a kind of universal tide. The realism shock wave embodied the appearing real-life solicitude, but it was difficult for its descriptive frame to break away from the timeworn idealistic pattern.


Engine performance and combustion characteristic of prechamber-type diesel engine operated by gas-oil and methanol were investigated experimentally. In particular, the effect of injection timing difference between the gas-oil and methanol on the combustion phenomena was analyzed. As a result, when the gas-oil was used as a fuel of pilot injection, the ignition lag was mainly controlled by that of gas-oil. The maximum thermal efficiency takes place with an optimum methanol injection timing as the main fuel. The optimum methanol injection timing is about 2 to 3 crank angle before the ignition, since methanol vapor is required for smooth combustion based on the experimental results that the methanol combustion was initiated by the flame propagation from the combustion of gas-oil. Furthermore, it is recommended that a part of the some sprays of gas-oil and methanol be mixed and also distributed closely.


This paper describes the development of a thigh-muscle strength-assistance robot, which is a kind of wearable robot. For practicality and commercialization, we proposed three fundamental concepts: the reduction of the thigh-muscle strength, minimized degree of dependence on a powered actuator, and complete wearer safety. Based on these concepts, a spring and link bar mechanism was conceived as a novel idea. The movement of the thigh is transferred to the spring mechanism through the link bar; hence, the elastic force of the spring assists the thigh muscle. Using forse sensing resistor (FSR) sensors and a powered cam mechanism, the muscle assistance is automatically activated and deactivated according to the wearer`s movement. The specific mechanisms of the robot are addressed in detail, and the effectiveness is verified by experiments.


This experiment was carried out to develop the preparation method of chitosan which has strong antimicrobial activity, and also tried to investigate as a natural food preservative with this chitosan. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan was the strongest when deacetylation of chitin was conducted at for 8 hours with sodium hydroxide. The growth of Escherichia coil was completely inhibited by adding this low molecular weight chitosan (M. W, 35,000) at the level of concentration of 75ppm to the medium. The antimicrobial activity was strong enough against such Gram positive bacteria as Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp.. The growth of these strains was inhibited by the concentration of 50ppm but it was varied in its kinds against Gram negative bacteria. The concentration of chitosan re-quired for growth inhibition of microorganisms was 100ppm against Pseudomonas sp. and Vibrio sp., 2,000ppm against Salmonella sp.. The growth of Saccharomyces sp. was inhibited by the concentration of 100ppm, but Hansenula sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Mu-cor sp. did not inhibited by even more than the concentration of 5,000ppm. The shelf life of Mulkimchi (pickle type Kimchi), containing chitosan was 10 days longer than control stored at .


The attempt is made to estimate fertility levels in Bangladesh on the basis of data collected during the 1974 Census. In the 1st section attention is directed to providing an overall picture of the demographic situation in the country. Comparisons between the 1961 and 1974 data demonstrates that the 1974 Census data provide consistent results. Factors such as the degree of urbanization, literacy and economic participation rates--considered as indicators of development--all seem to show little progress during the intercensal period. The use of child/women ratios (CWRs) provides plausible evidence of the likelihood of a fertility decline. A decline in CWR values is small for "all areas" but a marked decline can be noted for "urban areas." The recorded mean number of children is less in 1974 than in 1961 for women under age 35 whereas for the older groups the 1974 Census shows higher mean numbers. The Bangladesh Fertility Survey (BFS) data result for the total fertility rate of 6.58 is very close to that estimated for the 1974 Census--6.59. The reverse survival method also indicates that birthrates have been lower during the 1969-1974 period.


This paper firstly provides the definition and dividing approach of firm-product bipartite network. Then the paper carries out a study on community structure of firm-product bipartite network in China's automobile industry, which divides the community structure and evaluates the result based on modularity Q index. The results suggest that firm product bipartite network of China's automobile industry possesses a distinct community structure. Finally, the paper discusses the industrial implications of the community structure.


Background.  Photoageing of skin is thought to be caused by protein denaturation, which can be induced by ultraviolet radiation. Previous studies have also reported that inflammation is related to protein denaturation; however, the influence of inflammation on skin ageing has not been explored in detail.


OBJECTIVE Summarize the research progress on Adina rubella Hance and to provide references on the research and development of Adina rubella Hance.METHODS Refer to literatures about the reasearch of constituents and biological activities in Adina rubella Hance.RESULTS Several kinds of active compounds in Adina rubella Hance had good activities and clinical applications.CONCLUSION Carry on a comprehensive research development to Adina rubella Hance,and the foreground is very vast.


Quantitative genetics has been the intellectual cornerstone of breeding for close to 100 years. Likewise, the tools of modern quantitative genetics have been developed in four separate fields: animal breeding, plant breeding, human genetics, and evolutionary genetics. Unfortunately, for a variety of reasons, migration of information between these fields has not been what it should be. In the age of genomics, genomic information allows for an extended (neoclassical) framework that also incorporates genetic marker information. Straightforward modifications of classical quantitative genetic models provide the natural framework for handling both phenotypic and genotypic information. Quantitative genetics will continue to play important role in the genetic analysis of quantitative traits and breeding. Thus, it is also an appropriate time to inquire whether useful tools have been developed in these other fields that may be helpful to animal breeders of today and the genomics-based breeders of the near future. Equally important for breeders to consider are powerful tools developed in other fields of quantitative genetics, only a few of which have been discussed here. Animal breeders will make it possible to analyze quantitative traits using a more accurate but more complicate genetic model if interdisciplinary efforts are successful.


Disclosed are a method and a device for extracting a finger vein pattern using a guided Gabor filter. The device for extracting a finger vein pattern, according to the present invention, comprises: a preprocessing unit which obtains a captured image including a vein pattern of a user by using near-infrared light, and which sets a region of interest that includes a finger vein from the captured image; a guided filter unit which performs guided filtering for the captured image obtained in an image obtaining unit by using a preset guide image, and which outputs a guided image having a more improved picture quality than the captured image; and a Gabor filter unit which performs, relative to the guided image, Gabor filtering for extracting the shape of a ridge from the guided image, and which outputs a filtering image. Thus, it is possible to extract a very clear finger vein pattern at high speeds by using an image picture quality improving capability of the guided filter and a ridge extracting capability of the Gabor filter.


Withstand capacity test under lightning current, lightning impulse voltage, 50Hz AC voltage and DC voltage of many kinds of low voltage systems facility wiring have been conducted in laboratory. The result is very useful for insulation cooperation and lightning protection design of low voltage systems facility


Currently, the combination of E-commerce in traditional network and mobile network, mobile E-commerce, is promising to be the killer application in the next generation network. However, existing WAP architecture is lack of end-to-end security, which must be present in E-commerce. Moreover, it also depends heavily on terminals' security computing ability, which is not present in most of wireless devices. This article designs M-commerce security architecture——KMSA, which adopts extended Kerberos as the end-to-end security protocol, allowing to achieve application security and high efficiency without too heavy computing.


Bahzell Bahnakson of the Horse Stealer hradani never wanted to be a champion of the War God. Unfortunately, Tomanak had insisted, and Bahzell's sense of responsibility hadn't let him say "No". Which was how he found himself in the Empire of the Axe, regarded by all with suspicion and fear. Including the Order of Tomanak, horrified by the notion that their deity had chosen a hradani as a champion...and intending to do something about it. And assuming he survived that, he had to cross three hundred leagues of bitter winter snow to face a Dark God. Add a powerful neighboring kingdom with no intention of letting Bahzell save his people, and you have the makings of a really bad day. But one thing Bahzell has learned: a champion of Tomanak does what needs doing. And the people in his way had better move.


Somerville for Women is the first history to appear for 75 years of the pioneering Oxford women's college whose alumnae include a Nobel prizewinner for chemistry, two prime ministers, and a whole school of novelists. It is a domestic history whose account of the strategies adopted by an academic community of women, first to gain acceptance by a male university, and then to survive within a mixed one, is of more than domestic interest. Drawing on a rich archive, and a wide range of published sources, it provides significant insights into the history of the University and touches on many aspects of women's studies. The concluding account of the circumstances leading in 1992 to the controversial decision to admit men raises a number of issues of importance for higher education in general and Oxford in particular.


e11508 Background: Docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab (H) (TCaH) and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel/H (AC-TH) and its variants are recommended by standard guidelines for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments for HER2+ breast cancer. Docetaxel/cyclophosphamide/H (TCyH) has also been used in clinical practice. Tolerability and cardiac safety among these regimens have not been well described. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed HER2+ early stage breast cancer who received neo/adjuvant H at RPCI between 2004-2011. Acute toxicities of different regimens (AC-TH and its variants, TCaH, TCyH) were evaluated. Cardiac events were defined as symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or asymptomatic decline of ejection fraction (EF) that resulted in holding H. Results: 177 patients were identified (AC-TH=114, TCaH=39, TCyH=24). Patients who received AC-TH were younger, had less comorbidity, including cardiac history, and received less GCSF support. AC-TH regimens were associated with more febrile neutrope...


This study aims to determine: (1) the influence of the learning strategy of game series in improving fundamental motor skills of primary school students, (2) the influence of conventional learning strategies in improving fundamental motor skills of primary school students, (3) The effect differences of game series learning strategy with conventional learning in improving fundamental motot skills of primary school students. This study uses two group postest pretest design by using subject students in Padang Elementary School on January to June 2010. The study found: (1) There is a significant improvement in fundamental motor skills in the treated groups of students after game
series learning strategy, (2) There is a significant increase in the fundamental motor skills of students in the group treated with conventional learning, (3) There is significant differences in fundamental motor skills between students who were given treatment game series learning strategy with the students who were subjected to conventional learning, where the fundamental motor skills of game series learning strategy students group is higher than students who received conventional learning. It can be concluded that the game series learning strategy can be used as a solution for elementary school physical education teacher in the teaching of fundamental motor skills in students.


1 Rat and porcine galanin (rGal and pGal) produced dose‐dependent contraction of rat fundus strips in a concentration range of 6 nm–100 nm. 2 The stimulatory effect of rGal on rat fundus strips was not modified in the presence of somatostatin (250 nm), naloxone (1 μm), guanethidine (10 μm), a mixture of propranolol (3 μm) and phentolamine (3 μm), tetrodotoxin (1 μm), indomethacin (10 μm), atropine (1 μm), a mixture of methysergide (2.5 μm) and ketanserin (2.5 μm), a mixture of mepyramine (10 μm) and cimetidine (10 μm), and saralasin (10 μm) or when strips were desensitized to substance P and neurotensin. 3 These results suggest the localization of specific Gal receptors on the surface of smooth muscle cells of rat fundus. 4 The galanin analogues [d‐Trp2]‐rGal, [NLe4]‐rGal, [d‐Ala7]‐rGal, [d‐Trp2‐NLe4‐d‐Ala7]‐rGal and fragments [Cys23]‐Gal (1–23), Gal (1–18) were fully active. In contrast, rGal (3–29) was completely inactive and showed no antagonistic properties to the contractile effect of intact galanin. 5 The order of potency of the galanin peptides, analogues and fragments to contract rat fundus strips was: pGal > rGal > [NLe4]‐rGal > [Cys23]‐Gal (1–23) > Gal (1–18) > [d‐Ala7]‐rGal > [Trp2]‐rGal > [d‐Trp2‐NLe4‐d‐Ala7]‐rGal. 6 The data originating from our structure‐activity study suggest that the C‐terminal portion of Gal contributes mainly to the affinity of Gal receptors whereas the N‐terminal portion of Gal is responsible for the full activation of Gal receptors in this tissue. In particular the amino acids in position 1 and 2 of Gal (Gly‐Trp) appear to be essential for binding and intrinsic activity.


The recommendation system is an analysis model to obtain recommendations that use filtering techniques to produce recommendations as desired. One of the prediction algorithms is Bipolar Slope One which is a development of the Slope One algorithm to predict an event. Previous studies have shown that the results of the recommendations on the Bipolar Slope One algorithm show a mismatch between the type of recommended item and the type of item that has been rated by the active user, because the rating prediction process in the Bipolar Slope One algorithm does not pay attention to the type or content of the item, but pay more attention to the similarity of rating patterns. This study uses the Content-Based Filtering method to form a profile based on the attributes of an item which will make an assessment based on the analysis of the similarity of the user profile with the vector space model. Application users get information about which culinary delights have an item profile that is expected by him. Culinary players get information about what item profile I expect by the User.


THE comparative frequency of fractures, according to compiled statistics, is misleading. It is impossible to obtain reports, excepting from hospitals or dispensaries, where only a fractional part of all cases apply for treatment. All will agree with me, however, when I state that Colles's fracture is the most frequent met with in general practice. The simple manner of its occurrence may easily account for this frequency. The patient, walking on an icy sidewalk, suddenly loses his footing and falls heavily to the ground ; instinctively he throws out his hand, in prone position, with palms spread, and extending backward, receiving the weight of his body upon the wrist in its most fixed position. The upper surfaces of scaphoid and semilunar are convex and closely fitted to the concave surface of the lower end of the radius. The firm support given by the carpal bones accounts for the fracture, which usually occurs within an inch or two of the articulating surface. That the fracture should take place at this particular point, it has been observed, " is probably due to the character of the internal structure of the bone in this situation. I'he expanded lower end of the radius is mostly cancellous, while the shaft which joins it possesses a greater amount of compact tissue."


In the initial stage of transient beam loading of an electron linear accelerator, the decrease in energy with time is approximately linear. It will be shown that this phenomenon can be used to provide a small constant charge per pulse at a given energy independent of accelerated beam current and peak beam energy, if the accelerator is used in conjunction with an energy analyzing system and defining slits. Some of the limitations of this technique are discussed. Applications are numerous and include current limitation in the electron beam therapy of malignant tumors with linear accelerators and the field of pulse radiolysis.


"Generalized Gibbs' approach" of Schmelzer et al [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 6166 (2003); 124, 194503 (2006)] results in wrong conditions of equilibrium of a critical embryo with the ambient phase. The presented analysis shows the shortcomings of this approach and proves the thermodynamic conditions of equilibrium. Also, a generalized adsorption equation is obtained in different forms.


Malachite green (MG) is usually applied as a biocide in aquaculture worldwide. The microbial degradation of MG and changes in the microbial community composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos) culture pond sediments were assessed in this study. Three MG-degrading bacteria strains—M6, M10, and M12—were isolated, identified, and characterized. Strains M6, M10, and M12 are closely related to Zhouia amylolytica, Tenacibaculum mesophilum, and Enterobacter cloacae, respectively. The bacterial strains M10 and M12 showed good ability to degrade MG in the sediment. The MG degradation rate was increased after adding MG three more times. The microbial community in the sediment changes with different treatments. The bacterial strains M10 and M12 provide a potential solution for the treatment of sediment of saline aquaculture ponds with MG contamination.


Current state of various approaches in the area of control systems for autonomous robots is reviewed in the paper. Analysis of recent works as well as proposals in the area is carried out. Impact on the area of autonomous robots control and trends of further development of the area are considered.


Color-leafed plants are rich in leaf colors,which could enrich the plant landscape,and beautify the environment in residential areas.The allocation principle and selection of color-leafed plant are summarized,and the application modes of color-leafed in residential areas are discussed.


To detect and identify targets in their natural environment, millimeterwave sensors are appropriate tools for a variety of civilian and military applications. To generate high resolution images the synthetic aperture approach is the favorite method also for the millimeterwave bands. These wavelengths allow some simplifications in the algorithms to be applied, namely the image distortions due to range migration and depth of focus can be neglected. The short aperture time which is reduced by the factor of the wavelength for an equal cross range resolution, leads to a much lesser influence of flight instabilities of the airborne platform, than have to be taken into account for classical microwave SAR. It is also remarkable that the amount of speckle is considerably reduced for the higher millimeterwave-bands which allows single-look processing. The polarimetric high resolution experimental radar MEMPHIS (Millimeterwave Experimental Multifrequency Polarimetric High Resolution Imaging System) with simultaneous operating front-ends at 35 GHz and 94 GHz has been installed onboard a cargo aircraft in side looking configuration. Different scenes over land and sea were passed with this system and the data were processed by means of a SAR algorithm. The paper describes the system configuration and the SAR processing algorithm, gives representative results for the generated radar images and compares the results at 35 and 94 GHz.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


There has been a longstanding, reductionist reading of architecture and ur-banism as passive and neutral reflections of the forces within which they are situated. This reading discards their vital and active role in the construction of events and the politics of their spatialisation. The first volume of The Routledge Handbook of Architecture, Urban Space and Politics , edited by Nikolina Bobic and Farzaneh Haghighi, addresses this theme by focusing on the spatial politics of governing and how architecture and urban spaces are deployed as tools to maintain oppressive power relations alongside their violent structures of control, surveillance, and segregation. The volume offers an informative and insightful collection of contemporary case studies and critical perspectives on how different forms of power and their operational systems—specifically hegemonic and oppressive ones—shape environments and bodies subjugated to them across different scales and geographies. Divided into five parts, with an opening introduction and a general conclusion, the collection covers multidisciplinary topics discussing colonial and state violence, security and borders, political ideologies and questions of race and identity, politics of representation and spectacle, and surveillance in relation to mapping landscapes and big data. The volume's introduction explains the crucial need to re-examine architecture and urban space in relation to politics and power, especially within an oppres-sive environment. Through a comprehensive and critical commentary on recent global events, the editors successfully set the ground by providing a general background to introduce the collection's themes. This is done through reviewing relevant histories and theories whilst connecting them to the contemporary examples that are investigated by the handbook's contributors. With such an open framework, the volume leaves readers with more questions about the complex associations that come alongside the "spatialization of politics" and "politicizing the space."


IN THE FALL of I950 the Pierpont Morgan Library made a purchase of such importance that by it the library took precedence over both the Huntington and the New York Public libraries as the depository of the greatest number of Dickens manuscript letters in this country. This purchase of the more than 6oo letters from Dickens to Angela Burdett Coutts (later Baroness Burdett-Coutts) is of special importance because the collection had been unavailable to scholars since it fell into the unfriendly hands of a private collector in 1922. Now the Morgan Library has permitted Professor Edgar Johnson to bring out an edition of selected letters from the collection.1 The volume contains 280 letters, a few from other sources than the Morgan collection, and a few addressed to other correspondents than Miss Coutts. It is the most extensive series of letters yet published from Dickens to a single correspondent, and it is of major importance to Dickens scholars because of the special nature of Dickens's relations with Miss Coutts, Victorian England's most wealthy philanthropist. In these letters we see Dickens as the daily adviser and consultant, over a period of twenty years, for a woman who has determined to spend her money in bettering the lot of England's poverty-stricken


Teachlets are a new method originally developed to teach design patterns. Based on executable code, a problem is set that is to be solved collaboratively and interactively by all the participants of a teaching unit. A moderator is on hand to operate the computer, the development environment and video projector when called upon to do so. While deployable in themselves as an innovative teaching method, teachlets can also be used as a design object in seminar-like workshop events. In the course on advanced concepts of object-oriented programming described here, the participants themselves developed and used teachlets in a so-called teachlet laboratory.


The present invention relates to 2-aminocarbonyl-pyridine derivatives of Formula (I) and their use as P2Y12 receptor antagonists in the treatment and/or prevention of peripheral vascular, of visceral-, hepatic- and renal-vascular, of cardiovascular and of cerebrovascular diseases or conditions associated with platelet aggregation, including thrombosis.


Previously unknown aspects in the life cycle of the freshwater flagellate Gonyostomum semen (Ehrenb.) (Raphidophyceae) are described here. This species forms intense blooms in many northern temperate lakes, and has increased in abundance and frequency in northern Europe during the past decades. The proposed life cycle is based on observations of life cycle stages and transitions in cultures. Viable stages of the life cycle were individually isolated and monitored by time‐lapse photography. The most common processes undertaken by the isolated cells were: division, fusion followed by division, asexual cyst formation, and sexual cyst formation. Motile cells divided by two different processes. One lasted between 6 and 24 h and formed two cells with vegetative cell size and with or without the same shape. The second division process lasted between 10 and 20 min and formed two identical cells, half the size of the mother cell. Planozygotes formed by the fusion of hologametes subsequently underwent division into two cells. Asexual cyst‐like stages were spherical, devoid of a thick wall and red spot, and germinated in 24–48 h. Heterogamete pairs were isogamous, and formed an angle of 0–90° between each other. Planozygote and sexual cyst formation were identified within strains established from one vegetative cell. The identity of these strains, which was studied by an amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, was correlated with the viability of the planozygote. Resting cyst germination was described using cysts collected in the field. The size and morphology of these cysts were comparable with those formed sexually in culture. The excystment rate was higher at 24°C than at 19 or 16°C, although the cell liberated during germination (germling) was only viable at 16°C. The placement of G. semen within the Raphidophyceae family was confirmed by sequence analysis of a segment of the 18S ribosomal DNA.


At the turn of the 20th century, the small central Texas town ofGonzales saw an impressive population increase consisting primarilyof Anglo Americans from other parts of the United States and ofMexican Americans. The latter constituted a new ethnic community ina town of Anglo Americans and African Americans. The powerrelationship between these two communities followed the norms andpractices of a southern racial hierarchy, and at least to some extent, thearrival of the Mexican Americans questioned the power logics of thisrelationship. The author argues that the activation in the first decadesof the 20th century of a series of historical references to Texas'independence in public space was part of an Anglo American effort tomaintain its economic, social and political power by integrating thenewly arrived Anglo Americans and efficiently excluding the MexicanAmerican community.


Considering the influence of different yield criterions on plastic zone,the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the Drucker Prager yield criterion were used as plastic condition of roadway surrounding rock,and the analytical solutions of plastic zone radius and displacement were calculated.The studies show that different yield criterions have significant effects on plastic zone radius and displacement.At the same time,the plastic zone radius and displacement based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion and Drucker-Prager yield criterions were analyzed and compared according to different cohesion,internal friction angles,in-situ stress and support resistance.The results show that under the same conditions,the plastic zone radius and displacement based on Drucker-Prager 3 criterion are largest,and based on Drucker-Prager 1 criterion are minimum,Drucker-Prager 2 criterion are close to those based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion.


The authors consider propagation characteristics for land mobile applications using geostationary satellites, and discuss orbits, including SYCOMORES orbits. Communication links are described and the technical and economic feasibility of SYCOMORES for land mobile communication is considered. >


A wavelength scanning fiber-optic interferometer for distance measurement is introduced in this paper. The system includes two fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers, one as a reference interferometer, the other as a sensing interferometer. These two interferometer models are analyzed and the optimal design is done. The theoretical estimation corresponds the experiments well.