We argue that conscientiousness is a context-specific disposition and its relationship with contextual and innovative performance will be activated in certain organizational cultures. We hypothesized that the relationship between conscientiousness and contextual performance would be higher in outcome-oriented cultures and the relationship between conscientiousness and innovative job performance would be higher in innovation-oriented cultures. These two hypotheses were not supported. We further hypothesized and found support that conscientiousness and contextual and innovative performance relationships are stronger in combined outcome- and innovation-oriented cultures. Our results indicate that these two cultural values complement each other in facilitating positive outcomes for conscientious employees.


Several studies conducted over a period of two decades established that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is activated during systemic viral diseases. Modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance may affect the susceptibility to or the course of infections. Reduction of T and B lymphocytes are reported during influenza virus infection. This modulation leads to limited immune response. The brain areas involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are affected during viral infection. Human immunodeficiency viruses after entering into central nervous system are localized in areas that regulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Antiretroviral drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier in therapeutic concentrations. It appears that there is a complex interaction among hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland and their products with immune system. This activation leads to a shift to Th2 response. Keywords: Cytokines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hormones Cite this Article Durgadas Govind Naik. Immunomodulation in viral infections. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology . 2017; 7(2): 5–8p.


In this study, it was aimed to investigate plant nutrients of vines and vineyard soils in Erciş province of Van. For this aim, soils were sampled from 0-30 cm depth during the harvest period while plant samples were taken from leaves with petioles on which opposite of the cluster of 10 vine during the veraison period in seven vineyards. Total N, available P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu as well as changeable K, Ca, and Mg contents were determined in the soil samples while N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents in the plant samples. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare plant nutrients and Duncan multiple comparison tes t was carried out to determine different groups following ANOVA. According to the results of this research, P, Mn and Zn contents of soil samples and Zn and Cu contents of plant samples were found as insufficient level.


Microglia exhibit both maladaptive and adaptive roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and have emerged as a therapeutic target for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including those affecting the retina. Replacing maladaptive microglia, such as those impacted by aging or over-activation, with exogenous microglia that enable adaptive functions has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the potential of microglial cell replacement as a strategy for retinal diseases, we first employed an efficient protocol to generate a significant quantity of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived microglia. These cells demonstrated expression of microglia-enriched genes and showed typical microglial functions such as a robust response to LPS and phagocytosis. We then evaluated the xenotransplantation of these hiPSC-derived microglia into the subretinal space of adult mice that have been pharmacologically depleted of endogenous retinal microglia. Long-term post-transplantation analysis demonstrated that transplanted hiPSC-derived microglia successfully integrated into the mouse retina as ramified cells, occupying the retinal loci previously filled by the endogenous microglia and expresse microglia homeostatic markers such as P2ry12 and Tmem119. Further, these integrated human microglia were found juxtaposed alongside endogenous murine microglia for up to eight months in the retina, indicating their ability to establish a stable homeostatic state in vivo. Following retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell injury, transplanted microglia demonstrated responses typical of endogenous microglia, including migration, proliferation, and phagocytosis. Our findings indicate the feasibility of microglial transplantation and integration in the retina and suggest that modulating microglia through depletion and replacement may be a therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative retinal diseases.


The 4 August 2020 Port of Beirut blast caused material damage to an estimated 77,000 apartments located across 10,000 buildings within a 3 km radius of the blast, impacting around 300,000, people predominantly in the municipality of Karantina, which is situated adjacent to the Port of Beirut. The blast shed light on the instability and unsustainable development approach of the city of Beirut since well before the French mandate circa 1921–1940. The impact of the blast provides an opportunity to reassess the relationship between many relevant aspects of the city planning including but not limited to: the relationship of the city to its suburbs, waterfront, and city center; the lack of local planning and cross sectorial master plans; the preservation of the heritage versus the complexity of its urban development; the city growth and increased haphazard urbanization; the infrastructure/service systems that have over the years become increasingly deficient; the lack of public spaces; impacts on urban climate; and the urban divide and inequality that have only grown deeper since the blast, all of which have a combined and adverse impact on the quality of city life. This paper analyzes the most suitable indicators that one must highlight within the context of Beirut city to propose a better and sustainable quality of life with a focus on areas that were significantly impacted by the recent POB blast, namely Karantina. Examples of indicators which were analyzed include sustainable urban design, open spaces, heritage, infrastructure, and urban fabric. The results indicated that the following four main urban design features help improve the quality of life in Karantina, including: (i) connecting areas of Karantina and Mar Mkhael through the reactivation of vacant lots; (ii) reactivation of Ibrahim Bacha and El-Khodr Streets; (iii) redefining the historical El Khodr Mosque boundary and reclaiming its role as an urban landmark; and (iv) integration of classified built heritage. These parameters are necessary to improve the quality of life. The benefits of community participation are also assessed in the improvement and sustainable planning of the city of Beirut.


The likelihood ratio tests under various null hypotheses are derived for testing the equality of location and the equality of scale parameters of several exponential distributions. Since the closed form of the null distribution in most cases was intractable, an approximation is suggested in each case. The tests are relatively easy to apply and use only the F-tables which are readily available. A numerical example is discussed.


Synthetic bone substitutes provide an alternative to autograft but do not give equivalent clinical results. Their performance may be enhanced by adding osteogenic growth factors. In this study, TGFbeta1 was absorbed on to a carrier of beta tricalcium phosphate and Gelfoam and used to fill a defect around a tibial implant in a rat model of revision arthoplasty. We added 0.0, 0.02 microg, 0.1 microg or 1.0 microg of TGFbeta1 to the carrier and then implanted it around an hydroxyapatite-coated stainless-steel pin in the proximal tibia of rats. The tibiae were harvested at three, six or 26 weeks and the amount of bone formation and ceramic resorption were assessed. TGFbeta1 had no effect on the amount of bone in the defect, the amount of fluorescent label incorporated or the rate of mineral apposition. The growth factor did not significantly affect the amount of betaTCP remaining in the tissue at any of the time points.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving the uniformity of the application of yarn finish to the individual filaments of synthetic continuous monofilament yarn to advance at a high speed. A while applying a tension to the yarn advancing granted wet finish, by applying an air false twist to the yarn in the fiber processing chamber 5, while allowing fast opening and closing of the multifilament yarns , to prevent an increase in weaving and adhesion due to the false twist-flight thread filaments entangled. The fiber processing chamber 5 in the low pressure region in the nozzle, a plurality of compressed air discharge orifices 7, 8 and finishes the ejection orifices 10, 11 is opened, exactly the compressed air supplied to the compressed air discharge orifices 7, 8 the pressure or using a slightly higher pressure, for supplying finish to a plurality of finish discharge orifices 10, 11.


IEEE Std 1692 (2011) states that one of the categories that cover electrical equipment damage from lightning is lack of protection against ground potential rise. In the experience of the author, the threat of lightning ground potential rise to sensitive electronic equipment, appears to be overlooked in many cases, particularly in the case of some large utility scale photovoltaic plant. It is worth noting that the concept of earth potential rise or ground potential rise is not mentioned once in the nearly 400 odd pages of the 4 Part IEC 62305 lightning protection standard. In this paper, i) specific comments are raised about anticipated lightning ground potential rise levels and ground potential difference levels, in the context of large utility scale photovoltaic plant; ii) awareness is raised about lightning ground potential rise (GPR) and its threat to sensitive electronic communication equipment, particularly in large utility scale PV plant and iii) the recommendation is made to include an Addendum, making reference to lightning ground potential rise, in the next addition of the IEC 62305 standard. The paper also points out the implication of introducing surge protective devices (SPDs) to wire-line communication systems, such as, an RS 485 system. In such cases, reverse operation of the SPDs under lightning GPR, may result in extended damage. The latter is particularly important to large utility scale PV plant in view of the high number of components present at these locations.


e15529 Background: Patients (pts) with GCT who fail to be cured following multiple chemotherapy (CT) courses (± high-dose CT) have an extremely poor prognosis and long-term remissions are anecdotal. Pazopanib (PZP) is a potent and selective, orally available, TKI of VEGFR1, 2, and 3, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and cKit. We updated the initial results of the ongoing open-label, single-group, phase 2 study which is sponsored by INT Milano. Methods: Patients failing at least 2 platinum-based CT (including high-dose CT) received PZP 800 mg/day orally until disease progression (PD) or evidence of unacceptable toxicity/side effects. All pts underwent measurement of serum tumor markers (STM), a computed tomography and a FDG-PET after 1 month and q2 months thereafter. In a Simon's 2-stage design, the primary endpoint is 3-month progression-free survival (PFS). In stage 1, 18 evaluable patients will be accrued. If ≥ 3 pts will be progression-free at 3 months, enrolment will be extended to the 2ndstage. Results: From 06 to 12...


BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Awareness of hemoglobin level variability in dialysis patients is increasing, as is interest in its potential implications. In this retrospective, national study of associations between the degree of hemoglobin level variability in the first 6 mo of 2004 and subsequent mortality rates in the following 6 mo, 159,720 hemodialysis patients receiving epoetin therapy were studied.

DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS
Monthly hemoglobin values were categorized as low (L; < 11 g/dl), intermediate (I; 11 to 12.5 g/dl), and high (H; >12.5 g/dl). Variability groups were classified on the basis of the lowest and highest hemoglobin categories seen during the 6-mo observation period: low-low (L-L), 1.4%; intermediate-intermediate (I-I), 6.0%; high-high (H-H), 2.3%; low-intermediate (L-I), 18.3%; intermediate-high (I-H), 31.7%, and low-high (L-H), 40.2%.

RESULTS
On multivariate analysis, adjusted hazards ratios for subsequent mortality events were as follows: I-I, 1.0 (reference category); I-H, 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95 to 1.11); H-H, 1.06 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.21); L-H, 1.19 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.28); L-I, 1.44 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.56), and L-L, 2.18 (95% CI 1.93 to 2.45). Persistently and transiently low hemoglobin levels and highly variable hemoglobin levels were associated with increased risk of death; transiently and persistently high hemoglobin levels were not associated with increased risk of death. Bayesian modeling indicated that > or =3 mo with hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl may be associated with of increased risk of death.

CONCLUSIONS
Number of months with hemoglobin values below the target range, rather than hemoglobin variability itself, may be the primary driver of increased risk of death. Further research is needed to distinguish cause from effect and to understand the underlying mechanisms.


Although network governance and multi-level governance approaches have had to revise some of their claims, comparative empirical research and revised conceptualisations of the impact of European regional policies are rare. This paper conceives of European regional policy as a process of policy diffusion in which the supply side of (European) policies and the demand side of the domestic arena can be linked in different ways. The paper will present, firstly, an analysis of the opportunity structures European regional policies provide for domestic actors; and, secondly, a typology of different domestic constellations which lead to a different use of European policies. The empirical cases of eastern Germany and southern Italy, two of the most important underdeveloped areas in western Europe, demonstrate that the use of European policies for the empowerment of the regions and for a transformation of policies and polity are two of the possible results of the impact of European regional policy, but they are bound to very specific domestic preconditions.


In the various statistical fields, and particularly in economic and biological situations, it is often necessary to compare the proportion of individuals in a specified class in samples from two populations. For example we may want to compare the accident rate in a plant for two consecutive months, or we may wish to contrast the proportion of individuals with mental health problems in two economic or ethnic groups, or we may want to present evidence of the reduction in the scrap-rate of a manufactured item. One index which is used in the presentation of this type of information is the percentage increase (or decrease). Thus we might speak of a 50%0 increase in the accident rate from one time period to another, or we might note that one group had a 20%0 higher incidence of mental health problems. The percentage increase is often a useful index because it boils the information down to a single number and this number is rather readily interpreted. On the other hand the percentage increase may be very misleading when small proportions are involved and this may be true even when the sample sizes are large. Thus if there are six accidents in one month and nine accidents in the next month we might state that "There is a 50%0 increase in the accident rate." This rather frightening statement is quite misleading because on the basis of the two figures there is no strong evidence that any real change in the accident rate has occurred. One way to avoid misinterpretation of percentage increases is to present a confidence interval for the percentage increase instead of the single number. If this confidence interval is very wide, then this will serve as a warning that the estimate of the percentage increase should not be interpreted too literally. In the next section instructions will be given for computing an exact confidence interval for a percentage increase which applies in the important special case where small pro-


This chapter sets the scene for the book, including the reasons for the choice of concepts and how and why the link between these are important elements in order to understand societal development in welfare states. It also argues that the presentation and discussion of the development in a variety of different welfare states regimes can be important in order to understand the impact of ideas, ideologies and variations in policies and decisions in a range of countries. Furthermore, that the analysis of countries and groups of countries gives one kind of information, but analysis across a number of different sub-sections of the welfare states aims at making it possible to understand in a broader way why there might have been austerity/retrenchment in certain parts of the welfare states, but not necessarily in others. This also includes why populism can have had an impact in certain social policy areas, although not in all of them, as some welfare areas also have, from time to time, strong support from populist parties. Lastly, there is a short overview of the individual chapters.


As the world is actively exploring the establishment of carbon emission trading system, this paper builds an empirical cost pass-through model for airline industry based on the corporate behavior theory. Based on the assumption that China has built its own carbon emission trading system, selecting typical local airline market as the source of database, the paper estimates the cost passthrough abilities of kinds of airlines under a variety of market strategies, in order to stimulate airlines' cost pass-through abilities. It suggests that the overall industry cost pass-through rate is about 100%, which coincides with the European Commission's impact assessment report and many research results.


Preface List of illustrations Bibliography Introduction The Houses of the Cluniac Order Part I. Abbey and Priory Churches: 1. Ground plan 2. Interiors 3. Exteriors Part II. Monastic Buildings: 4. Cloisters 5. Chapter houses 6. Rectories 7. Infirmaries and infirmary chapels 8. Dorters 9. Other conventual buildings 10. Gateways 11. Lanternes des Morts Conclusion Appendices Plates Index.


The pupil diameter is one of the main indices in eye movement research. Quantitative analysis of pupil diameter can provide the possibility for in-depth study based on eye research. The aim of this article is description and validation of a method for conversion between the pupil diameter measured by eye tracker and the real value, black-round piece method. Firstly, the diameter value of black-round piece made by ourselves was measured by eye tracker and vernier caliper. After getting the value ratio of the eye movement measurement and caliper measurement, it can be used for calculating real pupil diameter by measurement value by eye tracker. In the article, the camera photography method was adopted to measuring real pupil diameter for validation the black - round piece method. Experimental results showed that all the error percent of pupil diameter from the black - round piece method and camera photography method are less than 5%, verified the availability of using black-round piece method on conversion between the measured value by eye tracker with optical recording and the real pupil diameter value.


Racism is the inequitable distribution of opportunity (benefit) across racial/ethnic groups. Racism occurs through avoidable and unfair actions that create further disadvantage for racial/ethnic groups or through avoidable and unfair actions that result in further advantage for racial/ethnic groups. Systemic racism occurs through requirements, conditions, practices, policies or processes that maintain and reproduce avoidable and unfair inequalities across ethnic/racial groups.

"Positive duties" have been referred to as "fourth generation" race discrimination legislation. These duties require organisations and institutions to prevent and address racism and/or to promote equity (without recourse to individual complains). Such duties can be narrow (e.g. a duty not to discriminate) or broad (e.g. a duty to take active and reasonable steps to monitor, identify, quantify, report on, understand and address systemic racism and achieve equity).

This paper examines key aspects of "positive duties", describes the extent of such legislation in Australia and internationally, and discusses the formulation, operationalisation, implementation and evaluation of these approaches.

As the best known approach to positive duties, the United Kindgom Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 is considered as a case study in "fourth generation" race discrimination legislation before touching upon possible future directions for such legislation in Australia.


Introduction and importance: Ablative surgery for oral cancer, irrespective of the histological subtype, causes large tissue defects, functional and aesthetic damage. Microsurgical free flaps have been widely used in reconstruction after resection, with satisfactory success rates in conjunction with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). This study aims to describe our clinical institutional experience based on the multimodal treatment performed in four cases diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma with the use of different microvascular free flaps and RT. Case series presentation: Four patients underwent reconstructive microsurgery after surgical resection of oral cancer, using three types of free flap: radial forearm fasciocutaneous, osteomyocutaneous fibular, and anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flaps; RT was performed in Case 2 and Case 3. In the period of 3 years after microsurgical reconstruction and RT, flaps remain clinically stable without failure signs in full patients submitted to multimodal treatment. Clinical discussion: After resection of oral carcinomas, extensive tissue defects can be successfully treated with reconstructive microsurgery using different types of microvascular free flaps. RT for locoregional control is a feasible option and did not seem to interfere with the survival of flaps. Conclusion: An enhance long-term follow-up to assess overall and disease-free survival rates and quality of life must be carried out; however, cohort studies would be necessary for better understanding of the role of each treatment in the multimodal scheme.


The purpose of researching for auto-monitoring system is mainly to monitor the communication quality of mobile networks exactly and in time, to improve the efficiency of the mobile networks optimizing workers. The construct of auto-monitoring system is introduced. An approach of using GSM short message module to exchange data is presented to design this system.


During the war a great deal of re8earch was carried out under the aU8pice8 of the Allied Government8. It has been decided to relea8e for general U8e a large proportion of the re8ult8 of thi8 re8earch, together with informatlon taken with former enemv countrie8 a8 a form of reparation8. With thi8 end in view, the United State8 Department of Oomsnerce, through its Publication Board, i8 making a weeklv i88ue of ab8tract8 of reporte in the form of a "Bibliographv of Scientific and Indu8trial Reporte". Thi8 bibliographV i8 now being received in AU8tralia, and relevant ea;tract8 are reproduced hereunder. Copie8 of the original report« mav be obtained in two 1OaV8: (a) Microfilm or phot08tat copie8 maJf be purcha8ed from the United State8 through the Council for Scientific and Indu8trial Re8earch Information Service. Th08e dedring 10 avail them8elve8 of thi8 8ervice 8hould 8end the .A.U8tralian equivalent of the net quoted United State8 price to the Council for Scientific and Indu8trial Re8earch Information Service, 425, St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, S.C.!, and quote the PB number, author'8 name, atld the I/ubject of the abl/tract. All other charges will be borne bv the Coutlcil for Scientific and Industrial Research. (b) The reports referenced with an E number may be obtained in approved cases without cost on application to the Secondary Industries Division of the Ministry of Post-War Reconstruction, Wentworth House, 20S, 00llin.9 Street, Melbourne, 0.1. copte« of these are available for reference in public libraries. Fwrther information on I/ubjects covered in the reportl/ and kindred I/ubjects maJf be obtaitlell bJf approaching the Council for Scientific anll IndU8trial Research Information Service, the SecondarJf IndU8tries Division of the Mint.tTJ( of Post-War Reconstruction, or the Munltionll SupplJf Laboratoriel/ (Technical Information Section), MaribJ(rnono, Victoria.


Word embeddings learn implicit biases from linguistic regularities captured by word co-occurrence statistics. By extending methods that quantify human-like biases in word embeddings, we introduce ValNorm, a novel intrinsic evaluation task and method to quantify the valence dimension of affect in human-rated word sets from social psychology. We apply ValNorm on static word embeddings from seven languages (Chinese, English, German, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, and Turkish) and from historical English text spanning 200 years. ValNorm achieves consistently high accuracy in quantifying the valence of non-discriminatory, non-social group word sets. Specifically, ValNorm achieves a Pearson correlation of r=0.88 for human judgment scores of valence for 399 words collected to establish pleasantness norms in English. In contrast, we measure gender stereotypes using the same set of word embeddings and find that social biases vary across languages. Our results indicate that valence associations of non-discriminatory, non-social group words represent widely-shared associations, in seven languages and over 200 years.


The aim of the study presented in this paper was to analyze the use of a mobile application, to facilitate the learning process of reading of illiterate adult population. The study fits in a more global concept promoted by UNESCO that recommends the provision of quality education for all people, using present technology. Additionally, the Mexican government is interested in reducing illiteracy and educational backwardness. The instrument used was a mobile application in Tablets operating under Android that was applied to 143 participants. The application was designed under an intuitive environment with audio instructions, selecting colors and images. The results found a high impact on teaching-learning, as the average time was reduced and users were highly satisfied.


State of development and industry status of daily chemical industry were introduced,The product competitiveness,propress of investment project,financial situation of company and investment feasibility were analyzed in depth.


In existing literature, the discussion on corporate's entrepreneurial strategy is still obscure. This paper first deconstructs the concept of corporate's entrepreneurial strategy, pointing out that the concept is evolving with two clues; namely the strategy-oriented corporate entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship-oriented corporate strategy. Established on the construction of process model of corporate strategy, this paper analyzes several models of corporate's entrepreneurial strategy and further proposes its application suggestions.


The invention relates to a heat reflection paint with hollow glass microballoons, which comprises a surface paint and a prime paint, wherein the surface paint at least comprises silicone-acrylate emulsion, rutile type titanium dioxide and nano functional composite materials, and the prime paint at least comprises silicone-acrylate emulsion, hollow glass microballoon, hollow inorganic fiber and engineering cellulose. In the invention, the silicone-acrylate emulsion synthesized by the interpenetrating network technology has high diaphaneity and low absorbency, thereby ensuring the excellent weather fastness, the durability and the anti-stain performance of the paint film and maintaining the heat reflectivity and the heat-shielding performance of the coating for long. The synthesized nano functional composite materials have strong sunlight reflection effects, and the reflectivity can be more than 0.9, thereby ensuring the excellent reflective insulation function of the paint film. The selected special high molecular materials and the vacuum glass microballoons can effectively prevent the permeation of heat.


We study collusive pricing in duopoly with uncertain demand and exogenous capacity constraints. In this setting, collusion using only symmetric pricing can limit collusive pro…ts. We …nd that using asymmetric pricing in some demand states permits higher sustainable collusive pro…ts over the entire range of demand states. Consequently, we show joint pro…t maximizing collusion can include both symmetric and two distinct types of asymmetric pricing on one equilibrium pricing path. Further, we derive conditions such that asymmetric pricing in a given state increases each …rm's individual discounted expected future pro…ts. Keywords: Demand Uncertainty; Collusion; Asymmetric Pricing; Capacity Constraints. JEL Classi…cations: L11, L12, L13. Knittel: William Barton Rogers Professor of Energy Economics, Sloan School of Management, MIT and NBER. Lepore: (corresponding author email: firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Economics, Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Shafran: Department of Economics, Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.


The design of a Ku-band reconfigurable reflectarray antenna for emergency satellite communications is presented. Bidirectional high data rate satellite links are needed in emergency conditions where other telecommunication infrastructures are not available. In order to operate in this type of scenario, an antenna should be deployable, transportable, and easily repointable. The need of an automatic and fast satellite location and pointing system leads to a completely electronic reconfigurable antenna. The operative bandwidth is from 10.7 to 12.5 GHz for reception and from 14 up to 14.5 GHz for transmission (30% of relative bandwidth). The selected antenna architecture is based on a dual reflectarray system comprising a passive subreflectarray and an active main reflectarray made of reconfigurable 1-bit elementary cells based on PIN diodes.


Instrumental game using puzzle is suitable for children in the pre-school period (3-5 years old). Play therapy using game is able to develop cognitive ability, also synchronizing and differentiating the coordination of gross motor and fine motor. It showed that non-pharmacological treatment such game for children is needed in the hospital. It doesn't only gives pleasure to the children, but also helps children in developing confidence and security, able to express feeling, thought, anxiety, fear, sadness, and nervousness, which reduces the post-surgical pain level of stoma covering operation. This research was aimed to find the influence of puzzle game on pain level of pre-school children in the third day after stoma covering operation at ground floor of pediatric room. It was quasi experimental research with 95% confidence level using pretest-posttest group design. 32 respondents were chosen as sample using accidental sampling technique. Univariate analysis using median and percentage, bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon test of which the normality had been tested using Shapiro Wilk were used as the method in analyzing the data. The statistical test found that there was positive and significant effect of puzzle game on the pain level of pre-school children in the third day after stoma covering operation with p value 0.000 (<0.05). The research result is expected to be able in providing reference for the other play therapy using games intervention for children during post-surgical period, especially for children in pre-school period in reducing the post-surgical pain level.

Keywords : play therapy using game (puzzle), post-surgical
References : 28 (2001 – 2016)


TO THE EDITOR: The study by Roy and colleagues (June 2015) presented a model framework to estimate the costs of treatment for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma.1 We believe the assumptions applied in the study, particularly those regarding duration of therapy, lead to erroneous conclusions.

In our view, the major methodological flaw is in the attempt to standardize median progression-free survival (PFS) from different trials into a single measure of "efficacy." To do this, the authors attempted to calculate the duration of therapy theoretically needed to achieve 12 months of PFS. This was done using the reported PFS in each trial, which ranged from 3.7 months to 26.3 months.

First, the assumptions used to calculate the theoretical duration of therapy are not consistent with current clinical practice in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. As such, this leads to a misrepresentation of the costs associated with each treatment regimen. For example, for regimens with PFS 12 months and duration of therapy of less than the PFS period, the authors assumed that patients would only be treated with the medication for a fraction of the 12-month period (equivalent to [median duration of therapy/median PFS] × 12 months), even if the duration of therapy was >12 months in the trial. In practice, if the duration of therapy is >12 months, we would expect a patient to receive treatment for the full first year, not only for a fraction of that time.

Second, the analysis is based on comparisons across studies with different populations and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Although the authors acknowledge this fact, no attempt is made to correct for these differences. For example, the median number of previous therapies ranged from 1.7 to 5 across the included trials.3–5 However, even though it has been shown that a greater number of previous therapies are associated with worse outcomes,6 no statistical adjustment was done before comparing the efficacy results.

Finally, the authors assume that the rate of adverse events remains constant over time. No evidence is shown to support this assumption. In practice, it is often the case that the majority of adverse events are experienced within the first few cycles of therapy.7,8 In addition, there is no mention in the article of the economic benefit of treatments that prolong PFS and delay disease progression.9 Finally, no uncertainty or scenario analyses are offered around the base-case assumptions.

In summary, this analysis uses multiple assumptions inconsistent with current practice and experience with studied regimens, and makes a comparison of data across studies with different patient populations. This raises questions as to the validity of the conclusions.


The reaction of hexafluoroacetone with phenyl-substituted allyl compounds was found to give the ene products. Thus, allylbenzene gave 1, 1, 1-trifluoro-5-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl) pent-4-en-2-ol. Allyl phenyl ether and thioether gave the corresponding ene products. The product from the latter cyclized to 5-phenylthio-2, 2-bis (trifluoromethyl) tetrahydrofuran. N-Allyl-N-methylaniline reacted with the ketone to give the 4-(1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2-propyl) derivative via the Friedel-Crafts reaction, and this compound further reacted in the ene reaction to give unusual products.


A systematic electrical and physical characterization of gate oxides on 4H-SiC, grown in diluted N2O at 1300 °C, has been performed. Electrical characterization by the high-frequency C-V technique, conductance technique, and slow trap profiling method reveals that the densities of interface and near-interface traps, and the effective oxide charge for gate oxides grown in 10% N2O are the lowest, compared to gate oxides grown in 100% and 0.5% N2O. These results are supported by physical characterizations using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It has been shown that carbon clusters, accumulated at the SiC-SiO2 interface, directly influence the roughness of the interface and the densities of the interface and near-interface traps.


Throughput starvation, which occurs due to the well-known exposed/hidden terminal problem in CSMA/CA based channel access mechanisms, will be a critical problem for dense wireless LAN systems. To address this problem, we previously proposed schemes that identify and manage starved devices by monitoring the beacon signals transmitted by access points (APs) and showed that they can identify low throughput devices and have potential to improve WLAN system throughput. This paper describes experimental results obtained for schemes that identify starved APs and manage their channels. Numerous experiments verified that the schemes can identify APs that have quite low throughput as starved APs and that management can reduce the low throughput APs in real environments. We also indicate that it is necessary to consider beacon transmission delay fluctuation when determining the threshold used for identifying starved APs in cases such as the surrounding environment fluctuating in a short period.


IT seems desirable to place the following case on record because of its rarity. There are now a considerable number of cases of ovarian pregnancy that have appeared in the Journals from time to time but so far these have all been early cases of a fewweeks'pregnancy. The case which I relate is one of ovarian pregnancy in which the fetus grew to the full term of development in the ovary without rupturing it. E.O., aged 22, married 3 years, came into the Royal Infirmary on February 19 1912. She was a healthy, well-nourished woman and complained of an abdominal swelling, the presence of which she says she has been aware of for about 3 years. The family history is good. She has always enjoyed good health and has had no serious illness, except scarlatina when a school girl. Menses commenced at 14 years, periods regular, lasting 3 days, no pain. She has had 3 children; the first two were stillborn. The third was born alive 2 months ago and is quite healthy. Patient states that she first noticed the swelling in the abdomen nearly 3 years ago. She says that " she never became small " after her first child was born. She thinks she has been growing larger. She has no pain. KO history of tumours.


This paper describes a method for risk analysis based on the approach used in CRAMM, but instead of using discrete measures for threats and vulnerabilities and look-up tables to derive levels of risk, it uses subjective beliefs about threats and vulnerabilities as input parameters, and uses the belief calculus of subjective logic to combine them. Belief calculus has the advantage that uncertainty about threat and vulnerability estimates can be taken into consideration, and thereby reflecting more realistically the nature of such estimates. As a result, the computed risk assessments will better reflect the real uncertainties associated with those risks.


Assessing the economic value of academic libraries has emerged as a new approach to the evaluation of library services. Using contingent valuation methods, we collected willingness to pay amounts for five different library services from users at four universities in Korea. Based on past research and the results from a preliminary survey at two institutions, we formulated five hypotheses that tested the efficacy of the factors predicting variations in willingness to pay values. The results indicate that university characteristics such as the type of institutions (public vs. private) and core mission (research vs. instruction) did not seem to affect differences in the service value assessments. The presence of payment cards in the data collection also did not seem to give variability in willingness to pay values. The only factor that seemed to affect these values turned out to be users' status: faculty members consistently assigned higher amounts than students. For economic valuation methods to be fully appreciated, we need reliable data collection methodologies and more systematic approaches to the factors affecting value assessments. This study is still in its infancy due to the small scope of participating institutions and users; however, this is just a first step towards the proper economic evaluation of library services.


Lambs were grown from weaning at 6 weeks of age for 15 weeks on a grain diet (90% lupins, 6% barley, 4% mineral mix) or raised at pasture and slaughtered at about 40 kg liveweight. Samples (1 x 1 x 2 cm3) of lean meat from the M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosis of lambs from the two diets were cooked in a microwave oven and presented to consumers. They were asked to rank the two samples in order of preference.


Two different retrofitting concepts, including anti-seismic (pier strengthening) and seismic isolation (replacing with isolation bearing) were applied to bridge seismic strengthening. Influence factors of post-retrofitting performance in bridge were determined by the following parameters: pier stiffness and isolation bearing stiffness. By finite element analysis of controlling one parameter, the post-retrofitting performance was evaluated and compared with respect to the strategy with another variable parameter and vice versa. Meanwhile, comparative analysis was concerned by economic factors: bridge importance, labor cost, material cost and transportation, construction period, etc. Quantified parameter and the "performance/cost" which was a popular index in engineering economy were applied to find the best point (it was an optimal retrofitting strategy point). It also served as a project case of using this methodology to testify the rationality and provided a practical reference for expert and scholar in the field of bridge seismic retrofit.


Ever since the discovery of Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the late 1960s, it has been widely used as a treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain management. SCS has succeeded clinically in a subset of managing chronic neuropathic pain syndromic conditions. It has several limitations as well such as insufficient pain relief or control, uncomfortable sensation called paresthesia etc. These limitations pushed the conventional methods to the need of developing new targets or paradigms for Spinal Cord Stimulation like the dorsal root ganglion stimulation, burst waveform stimulation and high frequency Spinal cord Stimulation. The aim of this review is to provide a brief and concrete detail on the mechanisms and actions of SCS.


College freshmen at WPI enter into a place where they have no idea what they are truly eating, after living at home where ingredients and nutritional facts are almost always accessible. Being ill-informed about the nutritional facts of what they are eating on a daily basis can result in unhealthy eating habits causing problems even greater than weight gain. Do You Know What You Are Eating In The Dining Hall? Alleviating Fear of the Freshman Fifteen


A one-pot, 5-component, domino process was used to prep. 7 hexasubstituted benzenes, e.g., I, in 32-67% yield. The 5 components for I were BuNH2, heptanal, isocyanide II, PhC==CCO2C6F5, and N-phenylmaleimide. The process creates 7 chem. bonds and delivers 5 elements of diversity into the compact polyheterocycle. [on SciFinder (R)]


This paper reports on the socioeconomic status of Arabs and how attitudes toward them vary between France and the United States. It is intended to illuminate the French perspective toward Arabs to an American audience while comparing it to the American perspective. Arabs hold a lower socioeconomic status in France than in America. They are frequently targeted by French policy, which has formerly aimed to repatriate them but now focuses on assimilating them. In America, Arabs face less cultural oppression, but more political exclusion. Because Americans prize independence as opposed to community, Arabs have more freedom to retain their home cultures; however Americans are hostile to perceived opposition to government and fear an Arab link to terrorism. Thus, while the French and Americans both fear Arabs, the French perceive Arabs as symbolic threats to French culture, while Americans perceive Arabs as militant opponents. Introduction In international relations today, one of the biggest issues is the troubled relationship between the Arab world and the West. France and the United States, two prominent powers of the West, have each recently had high-profile problems with Arabs both within and outside of their borders. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 brought American relations with Arabs to the world's attention. However, France's history with the Arab world has a far more extensive past than that of the U.S, dating to its colonial era; in addition, its internal conflicts have received much more media attention. In the past two decades, France has been the object of international attention due to its debate over Islamic headscarves and the violence in its banlieue (low-income, high-crime suburbs where high concentrations of minorities are found). For some Americans, it can be hard to fully understand the racial and cultural tensions due to differences in French and American cultural perspectives. Americans feel in some ways able to relate to the French perspective because the U.S. also has a past of deeply troubled race relations. In other ways, French actions can baffle Americans. For example, most Americans would have serious reservations about banning the hijab (an Islamic garment which covers a woman's hair and neck) in schools or the niqab (an Islamic garment which covers the entire body except the eyes) and burqa (an Islamic garment which covers the entire body) in public, as the French have done. It is useful to compare the situations of France and the U.S. concerning Arab relations because the two states are similar in many ways, including their foreign policy toward Arab states; however they differ widely regarding Arabs within their borders and how they are viewed (Scott 1-12). To shed light on the French perspective for an American audience, this paper includes a description of French public policy affecting Arabs and the socioeconomic problems facing Arabs in France. It also includes a comparison between U.S. and French policies. The goal of this paper is to elucidate the American and French racial and cultural tensions and


Exerting large force is one of the difficult problems for a humanoid robot. In particular, the task which needs large force with a tool or the task whose reference force is unknown such as digging are more difficult. The task of digging was realized in the previous research, but with that method the robot cannot exert large force even though force is not enough for digging because the decision method of reference shovel force is only changing the direction of the current shovel force, and modification of the robot's CoG (center of gravity) is only used for balancing. In this paper, we proposed methods to determine the reference shovel force which is necessary enough to realize the task of digging, and generate feasible posture which exerts the reference shovel force within joint torque limits. To verify the methods, we conducted experiments of the task of digging using a life-size humanoid robot JAXON. JAXON succeeded digging with some soil from soft to hard.


The quality of nursing care is the selling power of hospitals in the future. One way to increase the quality is applying the Professional Nursing Practice Model (PNPM), which focuses on client satisfaction. It has been implemented in one inpatient ward of General Hospital of Belitung in 2009. However, the implementation of PNPM in the other inpatient wards has been postponed. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore the factors inhibiting the implementation of PNPM in the hospital. This was a research using a descriptive qualitative method and involved 16 informants consisting of 8 clinical nurses and 8 hospital administrators by using purposive sampling. Data were collected with focus group discussions, and were analyzed by reduction process of data, presentation of data, and draw conclusions. Results of this research showed that there were four factors identified, namely human resources, budgeting, supervision, and nursing care standard. Management of the hospital should apply PNPM as an alternative to the establishment of policies in improving patient satisfaction, add the number of nurses, delegate employees to pursue higher education, socialize PNPM to all nurses, formulate policy on the appointment of head of nurses selection based on managerial competence, do supervision, and provide a reward system for all employees.


In particular, we argue that a potential right to data ownership does not neatly fit into existing categories of property rights and liability provisions. Among all the available options we considered, the provisions governing neighbouring rights (the so-called «Leistungsschutzrechte») and some of the provisions on unfair competition seem to be the ones best suited as models for a data ownership right. This is potentially due to the fact that these provisions only protect from freeriding on particular data but cannot prohibit the production of the same or similar data by someone else.


A variety of intriguing polarization patterns are created when polarization observations of single pulses from radio pulsars are displayed in a two-dimensional projection of the Poincaré sphere. In many pulsars, the projections produce two clusters of data points that reside at antipodal points on the sphere. The clusters are formed by fluctuations in polarization amplitude that are parallel to the unit vectors representing the polarization states of the wave propagation modes in the pulsar magnetosphere. In other pulsars, however, the patterns are more complex, resembling annuli and bow ties or bars. The formation of these complex patterns is not understood and largely unexplored. An empirical model of pulsar polarization is used to show that these patterns arise from polarization fluctuations that are perpendicular to the mode vectors. The model also shows that the modulation index of the polarization amplitude is an indicator of polarization pattern complexity. A stochastic version of generalized Faraday rotation can cause the orientation of the polarization vectors to fluctuate and is a possible candidate for the perpendicular fluctuations incorporated in the model. Alternative models indicate that one mode experiences perpendicular fluctuations and the other does not, suggesting that the fluctuations could also be due to a mode-selective random process, such as scattering in the magnetosphere. A polarization stability analysis of the patterns implies that processes intrinsic to the emission are more effective in depolarizing the emission than fluctuations in the orientation of its polarization vector.


Objective:To study add-subtract rehmanniae combined with peach kernel and safflower on chronic subdural hematoma after operation.Methods:From March 2006 to February 2011,112 chronic subdural hematoma cases underwent surgery in neurosurgery of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,55 patients in control group with western medicine,57 patients in experimental group with western medicine combined with integrative therapy of add-subtract rehmanniae,peach kernel and safflower.The effects of two groups were studied and compared.Results:Before treatment,two groups' indicators of hemorheology and blood antioxidant enzymes had no significant difference.After treatment,two groups can improve hemorheology and blood antioxidant enzymes.Compared with the control group,experimental group had better effect on chronic subdural hematoma patients after surgery,with lower hematoma volume,fewer complications.Conclusion:Add-subtract rehmanniae combined with peach kernel and safflower can improve cerebral blood flow changes and antioxidant capacity,to make up for the inadequacy of western medicine to treat chronic subdural hematoma.


We present cross-section calculations for excitation of singly-ionized barium ions by electron impact over the energy range from 3 to 100 eV. The cross sections were evaluated using Burgess' semiclassical method. Finally, our predictions are compared with two other current techniques and some recent experimental measurements. The agreement was found to be good.


According to the need of customs to monitor the real quality data of liquid chemicals in the tank,an embedded system is designed to collect temperature and liquid level of the liquid chemicals in the tank in real time.By processing the collected data,the system can calculate the total quality of the liquid that the customs need to supervise in real-time.This system is composed of ARK-1360 for embedded work-managing machine core,and the real quality data of the liquid in the tank can be transported in the forms of XML through the gateway of VPN to the custems,which solves the problem of verifying enterprise declaration authenticity data and eliminate illegal operations of the enterprise effectively.


Successful e-government adoption in society depends mostly on trust among citizens who use it. It is vital to ensuring security of e-government applications and infrastructures as a guarantee of security and privacy of stakeholders in storing, processing and exchanging information over the online systems offered by the government. As threats on e-government information security are dynamic and continue to grow, policy makers need to perform evaluation on existing information security strategy to establish a trusted e-government service. This paper intends to propose a new method that can guide decision makers in evaluating strategic government information security. The evaluation framework is based on new Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process that combines tangible and intangible factors as well as has specific capabilites to be used in vague and fuzzy decision environment which is common in information security related issues.


Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen infecting animals and humans. This preliminary study was designed to express two immunogenic genes of Brucella abortus as recombinant fusion proteins in mammalian cells for being studied as a vaccine candidate in mammalian hosts, especially mice and cattle, in our next study. The complete open reading frame sequences of two immune dominant genes of Brucella abortus namely, Omp16 and L7/L12 were fused with an intermediate spacer along with N-terminal fusion with secretory signal sequence from immunoglobulin M. The complete fusion gene sequence was codon optimized for expression in mammalian cells. For expression analysis, the codon optimized synthetic gene was cloned in pDsRed-Express-N1 mammalian expression vector, with C-terminal fusion with red fluorescent protein sequence. On transfection in MDBK and HEK-293 cells, appearance of red fluorescence in transfected cells indicated expression of Omp16L7/L12 fusion proteins along with RFP. The Omp16-L7/L12 fusion construct without RFP sequence was also expressed in mammalian cells. The expressed Omp16-L7/L12 fusion proteins were confirmed through both indirect fluorescence antibody test and western blot. This preliminary study suggested that the codon optimized Omp16-L7/L12 fusion construct is ready to be studied in hosts like mice and cattle for its vaccine efficacy.


In this paper,the authors discussed the basic conditions satisfying map visualization,map load limit,deriving logic of map scales,map generalization and related concepts,the cartographic concepts deriving from simililar comparison,etc.The authors also explained the certain logic of cartographic concepts becoming increasingly rich with the development of science and technology.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of identifying the relationship between the Yunnan pig breeds in meat characteristics with near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy.One hundred and two pork samples were from eight countries of Yunnan province in China.Based on the NIR spectra of the preprocessing pork,the samples were subjected to prin-cipal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(CA).The results showed that there were the common features and some differences in NIR spectra from different Yunnan pig breeds,seven pig breeds were scattered different regions of the principal components.According to the euclidean distance of NIR spectra,the relationship of the different breeds could be identified by cluster analysis,the distance of spectra was the shortest between the samples from Dahe wu pig and Dahe pig,Diqing zang pig was special significantly in meat characteristics.So applying near-infrared fingerprint spectroscopy can accurately and quickly analysis meat characteristics of local swine breeds,and find out the special resource of swine breeds in meat.


Role-based access control model strengthens access control to object by two important security polices, and settles the management question in the system of many users and permissions' assignment. The paper analyses the characters of RBAC96 model family, designs and implements role-based two level database access control, and is applied successfully in some practical projects including "HeiLongJiang Province Preventing Flood Decision Support System",resolves effectively the question of database security in information systems.


Objective To discuss the application value of CRP in children infectious disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods The CRP and other lab data of 505 cases of such patient were detected.Results The CRP of 357 cases was increased from 11~128 mg/L.Conclusion The serum CRP might be important mark of inflammation that should be main data to diagnosis and differential diagnosis of children infectious disease.


The interplay between finance and technology with the use of the internet triggered the emergence of digital payment technologies. Such technological innovation in the payment industry is the foundation for financial inclusion. However, despite the continuous progress and potential of moving the payment landscape towards digital payments and connecting the population to the ubiquitous digital environment, some critical issues need to be addressed to achieve a more harmonious inclusive and sustainable cashless society. The study aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on the emerging digital payment technologies and associated challenges. By systematically reviewing existing empirical studies, this study puts forward the state-of-the-art classification of digital payment technologies and presents four categories of digital payment technologies: card payment, e-payment,mobile payment and cryptocurrencies. Subsequently, the paper presents the key challenges in digital payment technologies categorized into broad themes: social, economic, technical, awareness and legal. The classification and categorization of payment technologies and associated challenges can be useful to both researchers and practitioners to understand, elucidate and develop a coherent digital payment strategy.


Digital control problems for symmetric continuous-time plants are considered. A class of samplers and holds are obtained, which implies the following: (i) The sampled-data H/sub 2/-optimal controller for a symmetric continuous-time generalized plant is symmetric. (ii) The set of sampled-data H/sub /spl infin// controllers for a symmetric continuous-time generalized plant, unless empty, includes symmetric ones.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum level of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) in patients with lung cancer.Methods The levels and positive rates of TPS in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 160 patients and 150 normal controls.The detectve results were compared and analyzed.Results The positive rates of TPS in groups of lung adenocarcinoma,lung squamous carcinoma (SqCa),small cell lung cancer (SCLC),and megacell lung caner were 81.4%,78.4%,70.0%,and 72.5% respectively; the total positive rate of lung caner group was 75.6%.The positive rate of each of above groups was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (7.1%) (P0.01).Conclusion The positive detection rate of TPS in serum is higher in patients with lung cancer,and TPS can be used as a useful and sensitive tumor marker in clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.


Objective
To evaluate the treatment effects of double parabolic lingual springs appliance and open vertical loops in combination with straight wire appliance therapy on skeletal classⅢmalocclusion in early permanent dentition.

Methods
30 cases with skeletal classⅢ malocclusion in early permanent dentition were treated by double parabolic lingual springs appliance and open vertical loops in combination with straight wire appliance.Cephalometric tracing measurement was taken to analyze and compare between pretreatment and posttreatment.

Results
The comparison of before and after orthodontic treatment showed angle SNA increased (3.20±0.36)°,angle SNB decreased(-0.39±0.48)°,angle ANB decreased(4.69±1.34)°,Ls-E increased(3.50±1.14)mm(t=-4.65,2.73,-8.42,-4.32,all P< 0.01).

Conclusion
The above metioned technique could be a reliable way to treat mild and moderate skeletal classⅢ malocclusion.

Key words:
Tooth abnormalities; Orthodontic appliances; Orthotic devices


Report discusses the results of two tests: "1) aerodynamic tests to determine the effect of the slipstream and thrust from the powered propellers on the lift and trimming-moment characteristics, and 2) hydrodynamic tests to determine the effect of the powered propellers on the range of stable locations of the center of gravity (from Introduction)." Large differences in the stable range between half-thrust and full-thrust conditions were observed. Three effects of power were also involved in the location of the stable range of the center of gravity.


This paper investigates the luminous flicker phenomenon in fluorescent lamps in the presence of inter or subharmonics affecting the voltage supply. A new analytical, as well as, numerical model is proposed to describe the relationship between luminous flux and voltage interharmonics, stating from the modulation mechanism of the voltage drop on the fluorescent tube. Experimental tests were carried out and the results support the validity of the model.


Summary Introduction There is a dearth of literature that specifically addresses the handover reporting process among healthcare staff working in children's Emergency Department (ED). Widespread gaps in service provision, such as gaps in communication in handover reports to ambulance staff have been noted in the general literature on the topic. There are also improvements observed in handover when a structured mnemonic was encouraged. Structured reports improve communication, safety and may reduce medication errors. Thus, the improvement of handover reporting in children's ED has important implications for children's healthcare practice. However, little is known about communication processes during handover reports in Italian children's ED or its consequences for errors or risks. Methods A qualitative description methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from five children's ED nurses. Thematic content analysis was used to identify common themes. Results Emergent themes were: interpersonal influences on handover; structural issues; and local contextual factors. Conclusions The findings of this pilot study prompted the need for a standardized tool that improves communication during handover. As such, standardizing the communication process during handover could be effectively resolved by using a mnemonic tool adapted for handover in a paediatric emergency department.


Most dramatists in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were artists and literati who were of low strata.From "Pi pa ji " on ,the upper l iterati began to take the place of the lower,and this distinguished the dramas in the Ming Dynasty from that in the Song Dynasty. At first ,there ap peared many dramatist groups such as "Wu lun ", "Kunshan","Wujiang"and "L inchuan", and then, dramas tended to be elegent in such aspects as subject matt er,figare,words,and temperament. Drama was then ranked among elegant classics a s poems and prose;on the other hand,it was also taken far from the stage,and bec ame one kind of text only for reading.


This dissertation describes two neural network models that address the role of time in behavior. A model of serial order suggests how temporal lists of items, such as phonemes or words, can be learned, remembered, and performed. The handwriting model, called VITEWRITE, explains how serial directional commands can be converted into the smooth, curvilinear trajectories of handwriting.
The serial order model stores temporal lists using short term memory (STM) activation patterns that factorize the order and timing information in these lists into independent processing channels, as suggested by Grossberg. This enables the model to store and perform sequences of prescribed timing using STM alone. Serial order effects such as primacy and recency, list length, and position effects in sequence discrimination by human subjects are emergent properties of the network structure. The STM model is embedded in a real-time, self-organizing system that uses Adaptive Resonance Theory circuits of Carpenter and Grossberg to stably learn recognition codes for sequences. Learned expectations account for expectational completion, disambiguation, and serial recall of learned lists. Since the model maps sequences of items into unitized list chunks, it is possible to arrange multiple modules in a hierarchy.
The second part of the dissertation describes the VITEWRITE model for generating handwriting movements. The model consists of a sequential controller, or motor program, that interacts with the Vector Integration To Endpoint (VITE) trajectory generator to move a model hand. VITE properties enable a simple control strategy to generate complex handwritten script if the hand model contains redundant degrees of freedom. The controller launches directional commands to independent hand synergies at times when the hand begins to move, or when a velocity peak in a synergy occurs. The VITE model translates these temporally disjoint commands into smooth trajectories among temporally overlapping synergetic movements. Each synergy exhibits a unimodal velocity profile during any stroke, generates letters that are invariant under speed and size rescaling, and enables effortless connection of letter shapes into words. Psychophysical data such as the isochrony principle, asymmetric velocity profiles, and the two-thirds power law relating movement curvature and velocity arise as emergent properties of model interactions.


We report an important drop in the longitudinal conductivity of TTF-TCNQ occurring at constant temperature in the metallic phase and in a narrow pressure domain located around 19 kbar. The drop of conductivity has been related to a \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 3 commensurability of the longitudinal distortion with the lattice. This experiment, together with x-ray diffuse scattering of TTF-TCNQ could suggest that a significant fraction of the metallic conductivity below ambient temperature is due to the fluctuating collective mode.


A new 12 channels parallel optical transmitter module in which a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) has been selected as the optical source is capable of transmitting 37.5 Gbps date over hundreds meters. A new 12 channels parallel optical receiver module in which a GaAs PIN (p-intrinsic-n-type) array has been selected as the optical receiver unit is capable of responding to 30 Gbps date. A transmission system based on a 12 channels parallel optical transmitter module and a 12 channels parallel optical receiver module can be used as a 10 Gbps STM-64 or an OC-192 optical transponder. The parallel optical modules and the parallel optical transmission system have passed the test in laboratory


The establishment of a concentrated animal-feeding operation (CAFO) near Big Creek, a tributary of the Buffalo National River, has raised concern over potential degradation of water quality in the watershed. In this study, isotopic tools were combined with standard geochemical approaches to characterize nutrient sources and dynamics in Big Creek. This study establishes an isotopic and geochemical reference library of potential nutrient sources in the Big Creek watershed by direct sampling of representative possible sources, including septic-system effluent, poultry, swine, and cattle manure, and CAFO waste lagoons. Representative nutrient sources and Big Creek stream samples were analyzed for δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3, and δ18OPO4, as well as a cation and anion suite. Big Creek stream samples were also analyzed for δ18O-H2O and δ2H-H2O. Similar chloride-bromide ratios for fresh cow manure, septic-system effluent, and Big Creek samples may indicate an influence on Big Creek water quality. Samples taken from the CAFO waste lagoon, a septic system, field and parking-lot runoff, fertilizer, and hog manure exhibit different δ15N and δ18O as compared to stream samples. Big Creek NO3 isotope values are similar to NO3 values expected from nitrification of N stored in soils sampled in the watershed. Discrimination of nutrient source input to Big Creek using δ18O-PO4 is complicated by overlap between potential source δ18O and stream δ18O. Stream equilibrium δ18O-PO4 values indicate the biological processing of stream PO4. The results of this study highlight the importance of effective agricultural, residential, and urban best management practices in protecting the quality of our waterways. Characterization of Nutrient Sources, Transport Pathways, and Transformations Using Stable Isotope and Geochemical Tools in the Big Creek Watershed of Northwest Arkansas Kelly Sokolosky1, Erik Pollock2, Phillip D. Hays3* 1Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas and U.S. Geological Survey *Corresponding author Image caption: Big Creek, a tributary to the Buffalo National River. Photo courtesy of Tim Glover. Key Points: • Samples taken from the CAFO waste lagoon, a septic system, field and parking-lot runoff, fertilizer, and hog manure exhibit different δ15N-NO3 and δ18ONO3 as compared to stream samples. The isotope data are most consistent with an interpretation of stream nitrate being derived from N stored in soils, or from manure or septic sources not represented by the limited number of samples collected for this study. • Chloride to bromide ratios indicate human influence and may indicate an input to Big Creek from septic systems and cow manure. 14 Arkansas Bulletin of Water Research A publication of the Arkansas Water Resources Center Introduction The Big Creek watershed has a history of mixed agricultural, "urban" (Mount Judea), and residential land use, and the recent establishment of a Concentrated Animal-Feeding Operation (CAFO) near Mt. Judea in Newton County, AR, has raised concerns over the potential for nutrient enrichment and degradation of water quality in Big Creek and the Buffalo National River (Figure 1). The complex distribution of land use and nutrient sources in the watershed, combined with the occurrence of karst terrain with rapid connection of groundwater and surface water, creates a challenging technical problem for understanding nutrient dynamics. Traditional methods of geochemical analysis often fall short of providing adequate characterization of watershed contamination. Stable isotope geochemical tools can augment traditional methods and improve our understanding of nutrient enrichment in aquatic environments and enable development of more effective management practices. This project has applied a combined approach of traditional water-quality analysis and novel geochemical tools in characterizing nutrient dynamics in the Big Creek watershed. An isotopic reference database of representative nutrient sources for the Big Creek watershed was developed by sampling directly from nutrient sources. This database is essential for comparative analysis and characterizing pollutant sources in this study as well as for future projects. Stream samples were collected from Big Creek and related to nutrient sources using multi-parameter geochemical analysis. The specific objectives of the study are (1) to establish a database on isotopic compositions of potential nutrient sources; (2) to employ nitrate isotopes for characterizing sources, transport, and transformations; (3) to characterize stream phosphate oxygen isotopic compositions and identify potential sources and biological cycling; (4) to characterize water sources and pathways through the application of water isotopes.


The data mining application has greatly improved people's ability of understanding and processing information.The association rule in the data mining was mainly introduced in this paper,together with classical algorithm-Apriori algorithm in the association rule and the shortcoming of Apriori algorithm.Proposals were also put forward.


In order to study the effects of the substituted groups on the properties of the complexes, a series of rhenium ( I ) 2, 2'-bipyridyl complexes [fac- (4, 4'-di-COOEt-bpy) Re (CO)(3) (X-pyridine) PF ...


Abstract The BBC has a lasting and massive commitment to education. At a time of difficulty for education and of momentous changes to broadcasting technology and opportunities, it is time to confirm and strengthen that commitment. Among concerns requiring the special attention of educational broadcasting are unemployment and retraining, the ageing population and health care, and ethnic minorities. The opportunities for educational broadcasting in the future can only be enhanced, and certainly not diminished.


ABSTRACT This article explores a succession of goldsmiths' recipe books or books of secrets, which emerged from the early modern Royal Mint and Goldsmiths' Company. It argues that in their rich descriptions of metallurgical workshop practices, techniques and tools, these artisan-authors also narrated contested institutional histories and their own life experiences. For London's assayers (who had responsibility to test the precious metal content of bullion, plate and coin), authorship functioned as a status-enhancing activity. Writing treatises was a means of articulating expertise and of rooting that skilled identity beyond the self, within a much longer trajectory of institutional production and regulation.


Anyonic interferometry probes the braiding phases of excitations in topologically ordered matter. This technique is well established for charged quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. We propose to extend it to neutral anyons, such as Ising anyons in Kitaev magnets and quasiparticles in other neutral spin liquids. We find that the thermal current through an interferometer is sensitive to the statistics of tunneling quasiparticles. We present a systematic investigation of signatures of various Abelian and non-Abelian topological orders in Fabry-P\'erot and Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The heat current through a Fabry-P\'erot device is different for different topological orders and depends on the topological charge inside the interferometer. A Mach-Zehnder device shows interference in topologically trivial systems only. For a non-trivial statistics, the heat current reduces to the sum of the contributions from two constrictions in the interferometer. Furthermore, we identify another probe of topological order that involves the scaling of the thermal current through a single tunneling contact at low temperatures. The current shows a universal temperature dependence, sensitive to the topological order in the system.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate the incidence of anosmia following traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a standardized instrument and to test hypotheses that post-TBI anosmics perform significantly more poorly than do post-TBI normosmics on measures of executive skills and functional outcome.

DESIGN
Prospective quasi-experimental between-groups design.

PARTICIPANTS
Sixty-eight adults diagnosed with TBI.

SETTING
Brain injury rehabilitation program based at a Midwestern medical center.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), selected neuropsychological measures of executive skills, the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ).

RESULTS
Forty-four subjects (65%) demonstrated impaired olfaction; only 13 (30%) acknowledged smell dysfunction. Anosmic and normosmic groups did not differ in demographics, IQ, chronicity, or admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Anosmics had longer coma (P =. 01), more severe deficits in complex attention (Trailmaking Test, Part B, P =.01), new learning/memory (California Verbal Learning Test Trial V [CVLT-V], P =.001), and problem solving (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST], P =.001), leading to greater functional impairment (Disability Rating Scale [DRS], P =.003). No differences emerged on the CIQ.

CONCLUSIONS
Anosmia is a common sequela of TBI, although only a minority of patients are aware of this deficit. Further, anosmics demonstrated greater impairment in a variety of frontal-lobe mediated executive functions, as well as greater functional disability.


Abstract Civil-service reforms in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) in the last decade have focused on various tools that would decrease politicization and increase the professionalization of civil service, in other words introducing a merit system in the civil service. At the same time, there was a need to attract professionals from practice into the civil service to design and implement other necessary sectoral reforms. Different countries have undertaken different trajectories of reforms. To some extent, Slovakia responded to these challenges and introduced HR reforms in civil service in order to streamline the recruitment and motivate young qualified candidates, reduce high turnover and create senior civil service, such as the "fast stream system" and "nominated civil service". However, these had only limited success. The creation of functioning human-resource management system and approaches is undoubtedly the main area of failure in civil-service reform, not only in Slovakia but in most CEE countries. This paper seeks to understand these reforms from a historical institutionalist perspective, emphasizing the influence of institutional (communist) legacies on current empirical patterns.


To maximize consumer response to a price promotion, the manager needs to identify characteristics of the promotion that are critical to its effectiveness. This article describes a technique for doing this and applies the technique to an analysis of cents-off coupons. The result is an exploration of some of the characteristics of coupons, beyond their offer of a low price, that lead to their ability to influence brand trial.


In general relativity, the generators of symmetries are called Killing vector elds. The spacetime geometry of a system of two point masses moving on a circular orbit has a helical Killing vector (HKV). We show how Kepler's third law for circular orbits, and its generalization in post-Newtonian theory, can be recovered from a simple, covariant condition on the norm of that HKV. This unusual derivation can be used to illustrate some concepts of prime importance in a general relativity course, including those of Killing vector, covariance, coordinate dependence, and gravitational redshift.


Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group. A subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called to be [Formula: see text]-permutable in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] permutes with all Sylow subgroups of [Formula: see text]. A subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is said to be [Formula: see text]-supplemented in [Formula: see text] if there exists a subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-permutable in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate [Formula: see text]-nilpotency of a finite group. As applications, we give some sufficient and necessary conditions for a finite group belongs to a saturated formation.


How do we distinguish what is morally right from wrong? When we act morally, what motivates us to do so? And how do we grow so that there is no discrepancy between our moral knowledge and our moral action? My dissertation investigates the role emotions play in these three important ethical realms (viz. moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral cultivation) in the context of two ancient Chinese Confucian texts: Lúnyǔ (the Analects of Confucius) and Mèngzǐ (Mencius). Departing from much of the previous scholarship on ancient Chinese emotion which has exclusively focused on the single Chinese term 'qíng' 情 ("emotion"), I closely analyze a number of Chinese terms including "love," "sorrow," "fear," "desire," and "aversion" in the textual and historical contexts of Lúnyǔ, and reconstruct Kongzi's conception of emotion from there. I argue that 1) although 'qíng' later comes to refer to particular emotions explicitly, it is best interpreted as "character" in Lúnyǔ, and that 2) moral emotions embodying correct ethical judgment and strong motivational power constitute an integral part of the virtuous character (Chapters 2 and 3). The sentimentalist view of emotions has been a dominant position in the contemporary philosophical discourse on emotions. According to this view, one's evaluative judgment is closely intertwined with the way one feels about things. For example, one can find a scoop of ice-cream likable because he likes ice-cream, and one can think that she should help out the victims of Katrina because she feels compassion for them. Applying this idea to the interpretation of Mengzi's moral emotions (sìduān 四端), previous scholars have argued that 1) moral emotions provide a complete basis for correct moral judgment, and that 2) the virtuous person in Mengzi is the one who is happily carried away by the motivating power of his moral emotions. However, by closely analyzing a body of textual evidence, I argue that 1) moral emotions provide an important but only partial basis for "all-things-considered" ethical judgment, and that 2)


The results of search engine usually contain a number of redundant information and how to eliminate it has become technology issues waiting to be explored. This paper proposed an improved elimination algorithm based on best similarity of the results. By analyzing the search results, extracting their key words, comparing the similarities, and clustering the results, the algorithm can eliminate the useless and reduplicate results. The experimental results show that the performance of the elimination algorithm in this paper has been much improved compared to spectral segmentation algorithm.


Currently, concrete is the most utilized material in construction and their weight itself compared to applied loads is high. Therefore reducing your weight through lightweight aggregates, the target of several studies aiming at the production of lightweight concrete, known by the low specific weight and high capacity for thermal and acoustic insulation is becoming. The mechanical behavior of different traits in concrete was compared with a gradual replacement of natural coarse aggregates for Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), evaluating the density and mechanical resistance to compression. The reference concrete had resistance to compression of 27MPa at 28 days of age, since the concrete produced with EPS showed lower results, and with 10% substitution showed resistance 20,71MPa to 28 days. The concrete EPS is lighter checked by reducing the specific weight, which may be favorable in some situations.


— The main objective of this study is the comparative analysis among the options which are to be used for providing energy access to the rural population of few specific villages as per the energy consumption data collected from those selected villages. The goal of the study is to be carried through a survey which will be conducted for the estimation of energy demand as well as energy use pattern at those areas for which the energy access is to be provided. After the collection of energy demand and energy use pattern data, analysis have to be performed on these data collected, in order to find out the most appropriate as well as the economical technological option for solving the energy access problem associating with selected village. Bhasinghpura village is selected for the analyses which are located in Phulera Tehsil, Jaipur district of Rajasthan state. Providing energy access to these selected rural villages in the state of Rajasthan is done by going through a questionnaire-based survey which will be conducted, in those villages in order to find out the exact energy demands as well as the energy use patterns of those villages, based upon which the renewable energy option will be decided. Calculation in terms of installation cost, number of PV module requirement, land requirement, maintenance cost, total project cost, invertor requirement and operation cost have been done for this village. A comparison study also has been done for the proposed SPV plant with hybrid plant and it is observed that the hybrid system has better electricity generation capacity and installed in low cost as compared to stand alone SPV system.


As Apple, Google, and other high-tech companies team with automakers to make cars smart enough to drive themselves, do roads need to be as dumb as the concrete and asphalt they're made of? Europe doesn't think so. The European Union has invested more than 200 million [euro], or $227 million, over the past few years in a number of research programs aimed at creating intelligent infrastructure that will communicate with smart cars. The goal is to eliminate congestion in growing urban areas, help the environment, and above all, save lives. The costs of auto travel in Europe are large, multifarious, and growing. European Union drivers currently own one third of the world's one billion cars, and congestion costs the region about 1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) every year, a number that is rising. Transport is also responsible for about a quarter of EU greenhouse gas emissions, which Brussels aims to reduce by as much as 80 percent of 1990 levels by 2050. And nearly 27,000 people died on European roads last year. On average, up to 50 million people are injured in car accidents in Europe each year, with about 600,000 hospitalized at a cost of about 160 billion [euro], according to figures compiled by the World Health Organization and the European Transport Safety Council. Against this background, the European Union has made intelligent transport a priority in its research and innovation programs. Smart roads, capable of warning drivers of hazardous road conditions and approaching cars well before such hazards enter their field of vision, are a leading component of the effort. Powering this smart infrastructure is the latest advances in sensors, wireless communications, and computers, all tied together by the Internet. Smart roads are one part of a system designed to provide vehicles with 360-degree awareness of their surroundings via a set of in-car sensors, transmitters, and processors that allow cars to communicate with each other and gather real-time data from road infrastructure, including signs and traffic signals as well as the road itself. Within this system, roads would incorporate sensors and other technology to provide vehicles and drivers information about hazardous conditions and other critical events, well before they're within eyeshot. The technology, known as vehicle-to-everything, or V2X, could reduce accidents by as much as 80 percent, European researchers claim. Estimates for developing and implementing this advanced road transport infrastructure across Europe range between 80 billion [euro] and 140 billion [euro]. Hermann Mezer, the chief executive of the European Road Transport Telematics Implementation Coordination (ERTICO), a public-private organization involved in the production of intelligent transport systems, called the systems a "game changer." Not surprisingly, a number of technology players want to carve out a piece of that business, among them Germany's Siemens, NXP in the Netherlands, and a number of US companies, including Cisco and IBM. Siemens, a key provider of traffic management systems in Europe, has been quick to expand into intelligent infrastructure, especially environmental detection systems and road works warning systems. The Munich-based engineering giant is working closely with NXP, a specialized chipmaker headquartered in Einhoven that is among the first to develop and deliver V2X chipsets for high-volume manufacturing. The Dutch company is also collaborating with Singapore's Nanyang Technological University to build a smart mobility test bed in the southeast Asian city-state. The project involves 100 vehicles and 50 roadside units that will test V2X technologies over the next four years. …


A dynamic (s, Q) inventory policy with backorder is addressed in this thesis. Given a stream of demand data for a finite period, the reorder point (s) and fixed order quantity (Q) are to be determined to minimize the sum of ordering cost, unit variable cost, inventory carrying cost, and cost due to backorder. The dynamic (s, Q) policy can be stated as below: starting with inventory of (s+Q), we examine the inventory position at the beginning of each period. If the inventory position falls below the reorder point, an order of quantity Q will be placed and it will arrive after the constant lead time. Any shortage is backordered and filled as soon as the new stock from replenishment is available. The dynamic inventory problem can be formulated as a dynamic programming model. Two dominance properties are discovered, and are used to develop two efficient heuristics, which run in polynomial time. Computational experiments and results have shown that both heuristics perform pretty well. The K-order quantity heuristic gives superior solution quality with complexity Ο(n^5), where n is the number of planning periods in the dynamic inventory problem. The second heuristic with complexity Ο(n^3)-flow-balance heuristic which is more efficient than the first one also performs very well. The heuristic finds optimum policy for over 98% of the data set, and the deviation of total cost from those in the optimization model is less than 0.1%.


In this short piece, written for a symposium in the American Journal of Legal History, Professor Larson describes his experiences teaching legal history at the UC Davis Law School.


ET us glance at the current understanding of two of the earliest Shakespearian quartos and then try to make further headway. In the late 1920'S Peter Alexander and Madeleine . Doran, working independently, demonstrated that the quarto versions of 2 and 3 Henry VI are memorial reconstructions of the corresponding folio texts.' Since the quartos (Q) had usually been taken as source plays which Shakespeare later reworked into the folio versions (F), the Alexander-Doran hypothesis changed the direction of criticism on the Henry VI plays. As the hypothesis gained acceptance, it became clear that the peculiarities of Q, for which scholars had spent long arguments trying to make one dramatist or another responsible, were really attributable to whatever group of actors undertook the memorial reconstructions. And Shakespeare-assuming that he was not one of those actors-was left free of such entanglements to be studied as the venturesome young author who as early as I590-9i designed a serious and realistic group of plays on the Wars of the Roses, in a form close to F, and thereby influenced the maturing of Elizabethan drama as decisively as did Marlowe with Tamburlaine or Kyd with The Spanish Tragedy.2 One result of the Alexander-Doran hypothesis has been a growing conviction that Shakespeare found an early theatrical association with a company which in the I590's passed briefly under the patronage of the second Earl of Pembroke. It is virtually certain that Pembroke's men performed the quarto versions of the history plays, The First Part of the Contention Betwixt the . . . Houses of York and Lancaster (hereafter i Contention) and The True


News reading has shifted away from printed newspapers towards the online environment. Some of the most appreciated hardware for reading online news nowadays are the mobile devices, especially smartphones. The purpose of this research is to test the coherence and the trustability of the relation between mobile phone empowered web access and the custom of reading news(papers) online. The results of a bivariate linear regression analysis (AŽA… = 0.05) based on Eurostat data for 30 countries spanning over an interval between 2013 and 2018 (180 observations) point out to a positive relationship, yet only of moderate effect (Multiple R = 0.63; R2 = 0.40). The Discussions section investigates possible causes of this effect and, based on the findings, provides pieces of advice that newsroom managers could employ in the editorial strategy in order to better engage with their audiences.


The Mystery of Edwin Drood has often been read as an Imperial text, just as Dickens's work has repeatedly been considered in relation to its construction of childhood. Despite this, 'the child' has either been avoided in criticism of Dickens's last novel, or has actively been read as absent. In this essay, I return the 'repressed' child to a reading of Drood, and through this disrupt appeals to a hard-impacted Imperial structure I understand to be made within criticism of it.


Nowadays, increased urbanization is visible in most European Union countries. At the same time, it can be noticed that in the studied period (2000–2018), GDP per capita increased, and CO2 emissions per capita and energy consumption per capita decreased. These trends should be assessed in an unequivocally positive way. Considering these trends, especially with regard to economic development, our research goal is to answer the following questions: is there a long-run relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emissions, and what roles do urbanization and energy consumption play in the concept of the environmental Kuznets curve? This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the European Union countries in the period covering the accession of new member states from Central Europe that needs intensifying European environmental policy. In order to test cointegration, we used Pedroni and Westerlund's panel tests. To estimate the long-run coefficients, we employed the FMOLS, MG, CCEMG, and AMG tests. Our findings confirmed the long-run relationship between variables. We find that urbanization has a high negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions per capita. Interestingly, our studies' results differ from those in most of the previously published articles about European countries. For this reason, our results provide a new insight for policymakers in European Union institutions.


In the last decade a more sophisticated understanding of how to calculate the macroscopic stress from strains measured in neutron diffraction experiments has developed. Strains measured with the aid of a particular reflection may have a component corresponding to the stress field as well as a component corresponding to a type-2 or intergranular stress. The latter originates in inhomogeneous plastic deformation among different grain orientations. One approach is to cut small reference coupons from the component, small in size compared with the variation of the stress field. Cutting destroys the stress field but leaves any chemistry and intergranular effects intact since they are on the scale of the grain size. The difference between the intact sample and the coupon then gives an approximation to the strain associated with the macroscopic stress.Examples of how the intergranular and macroscopic strains and stresses are superposed, are presented for the cases of slightly bent and severely bent steam generator tubing, and for a deformed pressure tube. Welds often represent a situation where plastic deformation has occurred on cooling. In addition, microstructural and compositional changes are often associated with melting, so it is important to have reference coupons as a function of position through the weld zone. Examples of austenitic stainless steel and Zr-alloy welds are presented where this procedure was followed.


. In this work, we show the effect of the non-minimal coupling ξφ 2 R on the inflationary parameters by considering the single-field inflation and present the inflationary predictions of the appealing potential for the particle physics viewpoint: Natural Inflation, an axion-like inflaton which has a cosine-type periodic potential and the inflaton naturally emerges as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson with a spontaneously broken global symmetry. We present the inflationary predictions for this potential, n s , r


The development of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) requires to model both the cyber (i.e., digital) parts, the physical parts and the interaction between them. The state of the practice in such domain usually involves different stakeholders, which use dedicated modeling languages tailored syntactically and semantically to their domain. Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is a recent standard, which provides technical facilities to enable the co-simulation among the different dedicated modeling languages. In this context, this paper investigates how discrete-event models of the cyber part are supported by FMI standard for co-simulation. Two main results are presented: 1) how SystemC models can be integrated into the FMI environment and 2) FMI limitations for the efficient use of discrete-event models in co-simulation. Both results are illustrated by using a simple but illustrative use case mixing models in SystemC (for the cyber part) and Modelica (for the physical part).