Zooplankton and macro-invertebrates samples were collected weekly from three sampling stations at the Gbedikere Lake, Bassa Local Government Area, Kogi state, Nigeria from July to September 2008. Prior to sampling, Temperature of surface water, Secchi disc transparency, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration were evaluated. Zooplanktons were sampled using plankton net, while macro-invertebrates were sampled using a scoop net and hand picks. The result revealed that zooplankton was made up of Protozoa (43.30%), Rotifera (37.40%), Copepoda (17.0%) and Cladocera (2.30%), while macro-invertebrates were represented by ten groups that include Coleoptera (2.44%), Diptera (48.85%), Ephemeroptera (2.59%), Hemiptera (9.59%), Odonata (29.07%), Trichoptera (0.91%), Plecoptera (0.30%), Arachnida (2.13%), Annelida (2.89%) and Nematoda (1.22%). The lake could be classed as eutrophic as indicated by the diversity of zooplankton and macro-invertebrates. Keywords: Zooplankton, macro-invertebrates, micro-crustaceans, Gbedikere Lake, Nigeria


Neutrino emission in processes of breaking and formation of neutron and proton Cooper pairs is calculated within the Larkin-Migdal-Leggett approach for a superfluid Fermi liquid. We demonstrate explicitly that the Fermi-liquid renormalization respects the Ward identity and ensures the weak vector-current conservation. The systematic expansion of the emissivities for small temperatures and nucleon Fermi velocity v{sub F,i},i=n,p, is performed. Both neutron and proton processes are mainly controlled by the axial-vector current contributions, which are not strongly changed in the superfluid matter. Thus, compared to earlier calculations, the total emissivity of processes on neutrons paired in the 1S{sub 0} state is suppressed by a factor of {approx_equal}(0.9-1.2)v{sub F,n}{sup 2}. A similar suppression factor ({approx}v{sub F,p}{sup 2}) arises for processes on protons.


This thick volume is the fruit of a great deal of archive reading, mostly bank archives (Banque de l'Indochine, Paribas), but also diplomatic and political public files. Drawing key outlines from s...


Abstract Current marketing paradigms recognise a need for organisations to create value for both internal and external customers. However, jointly pursuing an internal and external customer focus has been argued to be both synergistic and contradictory. Using cluster analysis, this paper develops a typology on the basis of employees' perceptions of their organisation's joint pursuit of internal and external customer orientation. This allows an examination of the joint implications of these strategic postures on organisational processes, including information generation, information dissemination, training, communication and human resource practices. The results suggest that employees have the most positive perceptions of organisational processes when they perceive the organisation pursues a strong internal orientation, followed by those organisations that are jointly strong on internal and external customer orientation.


The enhancement of DNA affinity of small molecules usually ensures their high nuclease activities, and may also open a new scope of their applications in biology and medicine. In this work, we demonstrate that the nuclease activity and cytotoxicity of the small DNA intercalators can be dramatically enhanced by single atomic-layered graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Through π–π stacking interaction mainly between GO and the aromatic ligands of intercalators, the conjugates of GO and a small intercalator could be formed. Because of the large planar structure of the GO sheets, the coupling of GO with the small intercalators increased their affinity to DNA. Owing to the formation of conjugates with GO, the binding site of small intercalators to DNA was also changed from a minor groove to a major groove. Notably, GO and small intercalator conjugates exhibited higher cytotoxicity than that of the small intercalator alone. The results open up potential applications of GO for new chemotherapeutic agents that work throu...


Experimental tests are reported of the use of the ITU-R single-stimulus continuous quality evaluation (SSCQE) method to measure the quality of long (24 min) sequences of digitally coded constant bit-rate video, with and without audio. The results indicate that the method is reliable and free from drift and fatigue effects. The relationship between continuously-judged quality and overall quality judgements, made at the end of the sequences, is shown to be disproportionately influenced by negative SSCQE peaks and relatively little by their duration. The implication of these results for digital television coding and transmission is considered.


In this work the Gray code method for numerical 3D reconstruction of complicated objects was implemented. Based on structured projection, the Gray code method projects in different binary patterns. Grouping this sequence, this sequence of patterns allow to describe 2n different directions of projection, where each direction corresponds to a word in binary code. Thus, each point in the observation field corresponds to a unique binary code that can be identified in the digitized image. The surface object introduces a lateral shift of each binary word in relation to the reference plane. A digital procedure that identifies each code, allows calculating the lateral shift and the corresponding height. The technique of gray code is easy to implement, it is flexible to the size of the object and it can resolve discontinuity objects. The system was designed to reconstruct human faces and was evaluated using objects of well-known form. Experimental results are presented and discussed.


The article describes a method for searching vulnerabilities in machine code based on the analysis of its algorithmized representation obtained with the help of an utility being a part of the method. Vulnerability search falls within the field of telecommunication devices. Phase-by-phase description of the method is discussed, as well as the software architecture of the utility and their limitations in terms of application and preliminary effectiveness estimate results. A forecast is given as to developing the method and the utility in the near future.


The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of promotional tools on creating a positive destination brand image and attracting international tourists to Iran. Mixed methods were employed based on semi-structured interviews that conducted with tourism experts. The sample size determined for an infinite population and the interviewees were chosen using the snowball method. The data was analyzed by ATLAS.ti software. Reliability and validity are determined through experts and Cronbach's alpha. The sampling design for the quantitative method is accidental and by using the Cochran formula the sample of an infinite population is obtained. The sample size is 384 tourists. The collected data by questionnaires are analyzed via SPSS software. Quantitative findings indicated the most important promotional tools. Also, the quantitative analysis showed that the internet with an average value of 3/3984 ranked first. Finally, the results indicated that the more focus on using promotional tools on a tourism destination to attract more tourists.


The major events in·the.mechanical phase of the Power Reactor fuels reprocessing program during May. were: 1. Detailed design of the equipment necessary for the SRE fuel element reprocessing continues with some items released for fabrication. 2. Decision was reached to plan to start installation of equipment in the segmenting facility July 1. 3. Most SRE fuel element reprocessing equipment will be installed directly in the segmenting facility without prior testing in Building. 4505.


Introduction: Now a day's Obesity has become pandemic concern globally and the prevention of later stageobesity will require elimination and management of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity and overweightare linked with hypertension, dyslipidemia and decreased metabolism of glucose that ultimately affects ourquality of life and physical health and further can lead to increment in the risk of early disease and death.Aims and Objectives: The current investigation was conducted to find out the prevalence of overweight andobesity in school going adolescents.Material and Method: The present study was a cross-sectional, school-based study conducted in foururban schools of Patna from June, 2019 to, February 2020 with sample size of 660 adolescents (380boys and 280 girls). The study design was approved by the institutional ethical committee. Three schoolsaccepted our proposal out of 5 schools selected through systematic random sampling. A predesigned andpretested questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, dietary intake, physical activity andanthropometric measurements.Result and Discussions: The pervasiveness of overweight and obesity was found to be 18.18%(120) and10.9% (72), respectively in our study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11.3% and 5.5%,respectively among the males. Males are more affectionate to Non Vegan-compared to females where thenumber of vegetarian supersedes the animal eater. Calories deficiency is 71.2% in the whole population onthe other hand overeating was seen more in male candidates than females. More than 20% of the populationwas found to dine out once or more than once a week .Fast food intake found to be ingested in 44.6%population once or twice a week on the other hand there is a huge population of 37.8 % who are consuming3-5 times a week. Mehta et al. revealed the predominance of obesity and overweight as 5.3% and 15.2%,respectively in his cross-sectional study which was directed in schools of Delhi. Sharma et al demonstratedthat 6.4% school children are obese in Delhi.Conclusions: The current study suggests that juvenile overweight and obesity is a issue of serious concernin urban community as well as all over. We can prevent this epidemic by doing lifestyle modifications andspreading awareness among people. To achieve this appropriate health education training and awarenessprogram should be imparted to guardians, school authority and children.


In this paper, we show that initial tumor vascularity is a good predictor of final pathologic response. Additionally, the vascular changes during early treatment cycles assessed by %total hemoglobin can further predict final pathologic response.


The efficacy of basal bark application (BBA) of phosphite to control infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi was compared with established application methods in two field experiments. In Banksia menziesii and B. attenuata, BBA was compared with trunk injection and high volume foliar spray (FS). In Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah), BBA was compared with trunk injection only. Efficacy of treatments was assessed by measuring colonisation of stems artificially inoculated with P. cinnamomi (in situ for Banksia spp., and in excised stems for E. marginata). FS treatment was most effective in reducing colonisation by P. cinnamomi in B. attenuata and B. menziesii, (68%, p = 0.00002 and 60%, p = 0.00002, respectively), followed by BBA [52%, P = 0.00004, and 45%, p = 0.00003). Injection was effective in B. menziesii (42% reduction, p = 0.00006), but the reduction in colonisation in injected B. attenuata was not significantly different from untreated controls. In Jarrah, stem colonisation was reduced by 33% in injected trees (p = 0.003), but BBA was ineffective. Application time for BBA was 26-43% of that for other treatments. However, the cost of the carrier (modified heptamethyltrisiloxane) made BBA treatment 1.5-1.8 times more expensive per unit of basal area than the other methods.


The French reception of Elia Kazan's On the Waterfront (1954) constitutes a revealing case study in cultural relations between France and the United States during the Cold War, demonstrating how procedures of demystification may remystify the ideological object they critique. In an American context, On the Waterfront is widely regarded as a particularly overdetermined film, combining a literal politics of labour relations with an allegorical apologia for McCarthyism. French reactions to the film set out to decode its multiple subtexts from an outsider perspective but sometimes end up reproducing the film's mystifications at another level. Thus the French reception demonstrates both an assimilation and distancing of the film in political terms, an aesthetic rejection of the film from the different quarters of Brechtian dramaturgy and auteur theory, a popular embrace of the film through its insertion into a changing celebrity culture, and a misunderstanding or disavowal of its gendered subtext.


1,2Department of Studies in Mechanical Engineering, University BDT College of Engineering, Davangere-577 004, Karnataka, INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The natural fiber reinforced polymer composite is a basic material. This can be used to increase the strength to optimize weight and cost of the product. The growing environmental concerns increasing the global warming due to waste management issues, dwindling and fossil resources. Green products are being increasingly promoted for sustainable development. Since these products are environmental friendly ad cost effective there usage might not a disaster to the environment and the bio life. Natural fibers present important advantages such as low density, appropriate stiffness, high renewability and mechanical properties in which these are recyclable and biodegradable. In this project the banana and E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composite was fabricated by using an epoxy resin Lapox-12 (L12) and used a suitable hardener K-6. This combination can be used to fabricate by hand lay-up process. The fabricated composite can be specified by the according to ASTM standard to finding the mechanical properties for the composite. The result indicates the percentage increase of the weight of banana fiber results to improvements for the mechanical properties. Such as Tensile, Flexural and water absorption test of the composite material. Among the C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4 composite, the C-4 composite has attained greater mechanical properties: tensile and flexural. But the water absorption capacity is less for the C-4 composite. This is a good character of the E-glass fiber. The combination of hybrid composite can be used for industrial and domestic perpus.


This study presents an improvement scheme of the multigyroscope ageing table,and it has been proved to work successfully in the laboratory.This device has the capacity of testing 12 gyroscopes simultaneously and brings a high operation efficiency.


In this book, Victor Wallis develops a masterful, critical overview of United States history with a focus on democratic politics, or the lack of such politics. He argues persuasively that the widel...


This text is designed to enable users to learn the principles of medic al terminology, build a working vocabulary of medical terms, and prepa re to use them comfortably and professionally in the medical field. Th is system of analyzing medical terms by breaking them down into their basic components helps students learn and remember better. Organizatio n by body system helps students more easily relate basic word roots to specific medical terms. A 16-page full-color insert illustrate anatom ical structures.


Nearly 65 million American adults, or one in three persons, have hypertension. Often called the "silent killer" because of the lack of early symptoms, high blood pressure contributed to the death of more than 52,600 people in 2003 (American Heart Association, 2005). The death rate for African Americans, both men and women, is significantly higher than for Caucasians. Hypertension also remains the number-one risk factor for stroke, a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. Hypertension is defined by the American Heart Association as a blood pressure of 140/90 or higher. The vast majority of hypertension has no identifiable cause but is manageable by lifestyle changes and medications. The purpose of this article is to discuss the common medications used in treatment of hypertension. The most recent guidelines for treating hypertension provide four basic strategies to manage and prevent complications. First, identify prehypertenion and begin lifestyle changes early. Prehypertension is defined as a blood pressure of 130–139 mm Hg systolic and 80–89 mm Hg diastolic. Persons with prehypertension are more likely to become hypertensive than those with lower blood pressures. Second, even for patients over the age of 50, treat a systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg. Previous guidelines allowed older adults more flexibility in the systolic reading if the diastolic was within normal limits. New research suggests that deaths could be avoided by initiating treatment earlier. Third, the use of more than one medication is advisable. "Using more than one drug to treat most patients will be key to improving blood pressure control rates. Patients and physicians need to begin the drug treatment process with an open mind, using as much medication as necessary to achieve goal blood pressure" (Jones, 2003). A few significant classes of medications are commonly used in treatment of hypertension. These include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and central alpha agonists. Table 1 provides a summary of the common medications used under each class. Common Medications Diuretics Diuretics help older adults decrease water and sodium retention. The rule for dosing in the elderly is start low and go slow. Diuretics have fewer adverse reactions for older adults and reduce both morbidity and mortality associated with poor circulation (Kennedy-Malone, Fletcher, & Plank, 2000). Hydrochlorthiazide 12.5–25 mg/day is a commonly prescribed treatment. Furosemide (Lasix) may be used for those with impaired renal function. Side effects from diuretics include weakness, leg cramps, fatigue, and dizziness. Potassium supplements may be needed. Nurses should educate patients to take diuretics in the morning, because an increase in urination is likely to occur.


Face to the massive model of the building in digital city,the algorithm research onbuilding LOD models is of great significance.In order to improve the efficiency of real-time rendering of three-dimensional scenes of ordinary PC,we built an efficient program of data organization and improved multi-threading mechanism adaptive dynamic scheduling algorithm.First,we producted massive buildings LOD model based on the thinking of the building and the organizational structure of the data.And then we combined the traditional dynamic scheduling algorithm,used the introduction of the estimated time and frame of thought control to make the system have some feedback and improve the real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm.Finally,we carried out the programming with c + + language and OSG platform.The experimental results show that the algorithm based on reasonable and efficient performance increases more than 10% in the speed than traditional algorithm.


The exhibition Moana. Cultures of the Pacific Islands at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City offers an innovative discourse about the material culture of the Pacific islands. The extensive collection of ethnographic objects shows the importance of moana, 'the sea' and fanua, 'the land', as a platform of cultural, economic and spiritual exchange among the inhabitants of the Pacific. The exposition and its catalogue present to the Mexican public a vast and far away region of astounding cultural richness and diversity that up until now has remained little known in Latin America.


ing time and money in. Vijay Kelkar and Bhanoji Rao have put together a comprehensive set of essays which succinctly sum up the key issues in economic policy reform that the Union government has been dealing with in recent years, and the task ahead. What is refreshing about most of these essays, is that un like some recent publications on the subject, this volume does not take a sectarian view of what needs to be done. Refus


The complexities in necroptosis are pivotal signal molecules in the pathway. Its formation is regulated by a series of factors such as necrosome and ripoptosome. The studies have found that the complexities in necroptosis are closely related to multiple neoplasms, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and glioma. Further study on the regulatory mechanism of them will provide a new idea for molecular cancer therapeutics.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Complexities in necroptosis


The beginning of the new millennium has been characterized by massive layoffs of IT workers - primarily triggered by economic downturns, declining corporate profitability and increased off-shoring of IT work. In this study, we explore the economic impacts of IT worker layoffs. We propose a conceptual model for linking layoff rationale and layoff size to post-layoff financial performance and we examine the financial performance of firms following IT personnel layoffs. We discuss our data collection strategies and describe our plans for future research.


Chronic
 respiratory infections with P. aeruginosa  are the main
 complications in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF). Clinical isolates
 of P. aeruginosa form various morphotypes when grown on diagnostic
 solid media. For a long time there was a focus on mucoide phenotypes, until
 in 1999 small colony variants (SCVs) were associated with chronic
 infections of CF patients. Based on their slow growth these morphotypes are
 easily ignored in routine diagnostics, but they can be correlated with poor
 lung functions in the CF patients and enhanced antibiotic resistance. The
 role of the P. aeruginosa SCVs in the pathogenesis of chronic
 infections remains unclear. Detailed analyses may have influence on new
 therapeutic approaches against chronic P. aeruginosa infections. In
 previous studies with one representative strain of an autoaggregative
 subgroup of SCVs showed, that with both, transcriptome and proteome analysis,
 the SCV showed an upregulation of genes or proteins of the type III secretion
 system in comparison to the clonal wildtype (WT).
 The
 objective of this study was to characterize the functionality of this
 upregulation of type III secretion. Therefore, a cell culture model to detect
 type III-mediated cytotoxicity and a mouse model of acute pneumonia were used.
 Furthermore, one objective was to establish a model to detect type
 III-mediated virulence by using the nematode C. elegans. By
 complementation of the SCVs with the gene pvrR the function of this
 gene in the SCV phenotype was characterized.
 In
 cytotoxicity experiments with 15 clinical isolates (SCVs and clonal WT) it
 was found, that four SCVs showed increased cytotoxicity in comparison to
 their clonal WT. All four SCVs belonged to the subgroup of seven
 autoaggregative SCVs. Eight non-autoaggregative SCVs showed no cytotoxicity.
 So there was a significant correlation between the phenotype of
 autoaggregative SCVs and increased cytotoxicity.
 In
 vivo experiments
 with BALB/c mice showed, that increased cytotoxicity of SCVs could be
 correlated with increased mortality of mice in an acute model of pneumonia.
 In this model type III secretion was an important pathomechanism. Increased
 virulence also correlated with increased bacterial numbers in lung, liver and
 spleen. Hisopathological examinations showed that the localization of
 infection was different after infection with SCVs or wildtypes. By using a
 knock out mutant of the type III secretion regulator exsA type III
 secretion-dependent alterations could be found.
 In
 the C. elegans model established it was possible to detect type III
 secretion-mediated virulence for the first time in this system. On the other
 hand a new screening model was created to detect various virulence factors.
 Thus, the SCVs, which were avirulent under standard assay conditions, also showed
 virulence in this new model. One part of this virulence was mediated by the
 increased type III secretion.
 Experiments
 to find out the development of the SCV phenotype were done by complementation
 of SCVs with pvrR as already described for other SCVs. Overexpression
 of this two-component-regulator led to a partial restoration of the wildtype
 phenotype in all SCVs that were used. But some SCV features, for
 example  the increased cytotoxicity, still remained. Thus, the
 development of the SCV phenotype is likely to be based on microevolutionar
 processes in the CF lung that includes several steps. The SCVs
 used in this study showed, that the previous assumption of reduced virulence
 of P. aeruginosa in chronic infections in the CF lung does not apply
 to all morphotypes. Furthermore the knowledge of the existence and the
 partially increased virulence – in part dependent on increased type III
 secretion – of SCVs may further the development of new therapies
 against P. aeruginosa in chronic infected patients.


Nanofibers consisting of repeated units of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a metal particle encapsulated at one end were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane/hydrogen on Ni‐Fe catalysts. The grown structures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sequential growth is proposed to explain the periodicity of the nanofibers. The nanofibers are broken by sonication into single elementary units open at one end.


"Song of youth " is one of revolutionary classics. An expression of political ideological intention and value-establishing narration can be found in its creation. By descussing how the author brings personal memory into line with the collective memory,the paper points out that re-constructed narration of "Revolutionary Literature" is not only a matter of form,but also a big concern with chinese intellectual's desting of the 20th century .


Article History Received: 22.08.2018 Accepted: 05.09.2018 Published: 30.09.2018 Abstract: Nurses are present at both the beginning and the end of life, and play a key role in caring for dying patients. It clearly indicates that role of nurses can never be ignored when we are talking of end of life care or palliative care. Palliative care is defined by literature as care that improves the quality of living in individuals who are facing life threatening problems and illness to prevent and treat them through early identification of pain and other physical and psychosocial problems. The main purpose of this study was, to assess palliative care knowledge and attitude among nurses of Mayo Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and attitude level. A simple random sample of n=150 was used. A structured questionnaire with demographic data, knowledge and attitude of palliative care was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. 36% of the study participants had poor knowledge, 49.33% of the study participants had average knowledge and very less number of participants that is only 14.7% of the study participants had good knowledge of palliative care. Findings reveals that 33.33% of the study participants had negative attitude towards care of end of life among terminally ill patients, while 66.7% had positive attitude towards end of life care. Knowledge was poor among majority of the participants but attitude was found positive among them


Cardiac disease diagnosis and identification is problematic mostly by inaccurate segmentation of the cardiac left ventricle (LV). Besides, LV segmentation is challenging since it involves complex and variable cardiac structures in terms of components and the intricacy of time-based crescendos. In addition, full segmentation and quantification of the LV myocardium border is even more challenging because of different shapes and sizes of the myocardium border zone. The foremost purpose of this research is to design a precise automatic segmentation technique employing deep learning models for the myocardium border using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ASPP module (Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling) was integrated with a proposed 2D-residual neural network for segmentation of the myocardium border using a cardiac MRI dataset. Further, the ensemble technique based on a majority voting ensemble method was used to blend the results of recent deep learning models on different set of hyperparameters. The proposed model produced an 85.43% dice score on validation samples and 98.23% on training samples and provided excellent performance compared to recent deep learning models. The myocardium border was successfully segmented across diverse subject slices with different shapes, sizes and contrast using the proposed deep learning ensemble models. The proposed model can be employed for automatic detection and segmentation of the myocardium border for precise quantification of reflow, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and h cardiomyopathy (HCM) for clinical applications.


FIELD: heat power engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed method of generation of power from carbon-containing fuel provides combustion of fuel in presence of oxygen at higher pressure in combustion chamber. Effluent gas after combustion is divided into fraction with high content of carbon dioxide which is treated to prevent its getting out into ambient atmosphere and fraction with low content of carbon dioxide which is expanded through one or more turbines to carry out other processes and/or generate electric energy before discharging said fraction into ambient atmosphere. Temperature in combustion chamber is reduced at generation of steam which is expanded through steam turbines connected to electric generator to produce electric energy. Invention contains description of thermal power station for implementing the method. EFFECT: improved efficiency of generation of electric energy from carbon containing fuel. 10 cl, 3 dwg


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of RRR-α-tocopherol supplementation in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and healthy subjects on plasma α-tocopherol levels, plasma lipoprotein distribution, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory plasma markers. Methods: 12 patients with coronary heart disease and 12 healthy subjects were supplemented with increasing dosages of RRR-α-tocopherol at 100, 200 and 400 mg/day for a period of 3 weeks per dose. Lipoproteins were separated by FPLC and ultracentrifugation. α-Tocopherol was measured by HPLC. Resistance of LDL to oxidation was determined by reading the absorption at 234 nm after CuCl2-induced oxidation. Clinical chemistry and inflammatory markers were measured on automated analysis systems. Results: Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations at baseline were comparable between CHD-patients and healthy subjects (21.7 ± 4.7 μmol/L and 25.8 ± 7.6 μmol/L, respectively). CHD-patients showed a significant increase (59%) of plasma α-tocopherol concentrations to 34.6 ± 9.8 μmol/L at a dosage of 100 mg/day RRR-α-tocopherol, whereas healthy subjects showed a significant (54%) increase to 39.7 ± 6.1 μmol/L only with 400 mg/day RRR-α-tocopherol. In addition, CHD-patients showed a significantly increased enrichment of α-tocopherol in VLDL. Supplementation (200 mg/day) caused a significant decrease of the acute phase plasma proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) (−65%) and fibrinogen (−24%). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that CHD-patients require lower dosages of α-tocopherol supplementation than healthy subjects to exert biological effects on plasma lipoproteins and acute phase response.


The triboelectric effect (TE), simply described as the generation of electricity from tribology or friction, has been known for over 1500 years. TE arises from charge transfer between surfaces under contact, typically attributed to electron transfer. However, emerging understanding shows how the ion transfer and material transfer (bond cleavage) mechanisms play a key role in TE. An engineering focus on increasing the porosity, surface roughness, and use of hetero-genous materials has resulted in a recent explosion in triboelectric literature, particularly towards soft and flexible polymer devices. Here, we critically evaluate recent progress in TE generators and link engineered performance to the fundamental driving forces of triboelectricity, using the exemplar triboelectric polymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane).


Injection activity changes reservoir pore pressure and temperature condition and then alters stress condition of reservoir. Increasing pore pressure from injection leads to a decrease in effective stress of reservoir rocks and surrounding rocks. It induces deformation and failure on the reservoir, which in turn, might create surface uplift. This process is modelled by a coupled Thermo – Hydro – Mechanics (THM) modelling. Hence, objective of study is to investigate and to simulate geomechanical responses induced by CO2 injection in Gundih Field, as part of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Pilot Project in Indonesia. A 3D model of a layered formation consists of porous and permeable reservoir layer and non-porous and impermeable cap rock is built. A boundary condition is set as no lateral displacement normal to side boundary and no vertical displacement normal to bottom boundary. An injection scheme of 0.32 Kg/s for one year is applied in the reservoir at 900m depth. At this depth, CO2 is a supercritical condition, in which the phase depends on the hydrostatics pressure and gradient thermal. The pressure distribution obtained in this study showed that the stress perturbation around the cap rock due to CO2 fluid injection is relatively small and no failure at the cap rock layer is expected. Hence, the proposed CO2 fluid injection is safe to be executed. The program developed in this study could be used to assess the design of CO2 injection schemes.


DEEP Colleges and Universities as Communities[information deleted for blind review]AbstractThe value of establishing a strong community in institutions of higher education has been in the forefront of the thinking of educators for a number of years. As colleges and universities have grown in complexity, establishing and sustaining strong campus communities has been described as challenging and difficult.John Gardner has provided a framework for thinking about and developing communities that is instructive for colleges and universities. Among the characteristics that he has conceptualized for good communities are the following: They incorporate and value diversity, they have a shared culture, they foster internal communication, they promote caring, trust and teamwork, they have group maintenance processes and governance structures that encourage participation and sharing of leadership tasks, they foster the development of young people, and they have links to the outside world. We also believe that strong communities incorporate rituals and ceremonies that celebrate their culture.Using Gardner's framework, we have examined data from the Documenting Effective Education Practice research project (DEEP) to determine the extent to which the concept of community is incorporated and nurtured at the research sites. Our conclusion was that DEEP institutions are strong communities that incorporate the elements of community. This article provides examples for each of Gardner's elements from DEEP institutions. It also provides questions for those institutions that wish to strengthen their sense of community.


Oxozirconium(IV) aryloxides of the composition ZrO(OAr)2 and ZrOCl(OAr) (where OAr=OC6H4Cl‐2 and OC6H4NO2‐4) have been synthesized by reacting anhydrous zirconyl chloride with the respective phenols in the presence of triethylamine in predetermined molar ratios. The double aryloxides of the composition Na2[ZrO(OAr)4] have also been synthesized by reacting ZrO(OAr)2 with a bimolar amount of the corresponding NaOAr. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductance, cryoscopy, IR and 1H NMR studies. The thermal behavior of the compounds has been explored and discussed.


The extraction of glycoproteins labelled with 3H or 14C precursors: fucose and glucosamine, has been compared during processing of rat liver for transmission electron microscopy.


A suboptimal breadth-first multiple-path bidirectional decoding algorithm for convolutional codes has been shown to provide very attractive error performances over the binary symmetric channel. In this paper, new computer simulation results for bidirectional decoding of convolutional codes over soft-decision Rayleigh fading channels are presented. Using a memory length v = 19 and rate R = 1/2 code, these results show that a gain near 5 dB can be achieved for a low frame error probability (P/sub f/ < 10/sup -3/) over the Viterbi algorithm of equivalent decoding complexity (v = 6, R = 1/2). The results also indicate that, depending on the length of the frames, a significant gain can also be achieved for low bit error probability (P/sub b/ < 10/sup -5/).


Measurements have been made of the excited monomer and excimer fluorescence intensities of pyrene when rubrene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene and perylene are used as energy acceptors. For the first time a binary system is analysed where both donor species transfer energy with comparable efficiencies. Some comments on the boundary conditions that must be applied to the differential equations are presented to clarify the problems involved. The rate constants for the energy transfer obtained from steady-state measurements and decay curves compare well with theoretical predictions. For the pyrene concentrations used there is no need to invoke energy-migration effects to interpret the results.


Failure analysis conducted on fixation devices retrieved from the in vivo environment is presented. The fixation device system was composed of a plate 135°, a dynamic hip screw (DHS), and four cortical screws of the 316L stainless steel. A detailed analysis of the damaged surface and the fractographic study of the devices failed were performed by using conventional optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. On the other hand, chemical composition, hardness, and microstructural features were determined and compared with the standard specifications with the aim of verifying if the material per se is responsible for the produced failures. The results from the microfractographic studies indicated that the predominant morphology is that characteristic of a mechanism of fatigue assisted by corrosion. It has to be pointed out that the combination of different factors as the presence of an osteoporotic bone, patient weight band postoperative activity, the delay in the healing of the fracture and some aspects related to the erroneous indication for the use of the fixation devices have also played an important role in causing the failure.


The training rights for teachers refer to the rights for teachers to further their study or attend certain training courses. It is of great significance for teachers to be granted the right to further their education rightfully. Furthermore, it helps improve the quality of teachers as a whole, establish a complete socialist market economic system and construct a harmonious society. In order to prevent teacher's training rights from being violated, it is effective to optimize legislation, strengthen legal education, establish and improve the mechanism of law enforcement and supervision, intensify legal assistance and bring into full play the role of educational labor union.


This essay focuses on the work of Mexican/Chicano performance artist Guillermo Gomez-Pena, whose main aesthetic principle lies in the criss-crossing of cultural, geographic and linguistic borders. Through his unique fusion of genres, discourses and media, Gomez-Pena creates a hybrid art form that also transgresses more conventional definitions of what constitutes culture. One of the central features of his "New World Border" (1992-1994) performance is the artistic transposition of site-specific border identities and texts to a global level; i.e., the border (and its transgression) becomes a metaphor to address a multiplicity of aesthetic, cultural and socio-political agendas. His performance "Temple of Confessions" (1994) aims, among others, at debunking the rather celebratory discourse of mainstream U.S. multiculturalism. In addition, his project of "reverse anthropology", which informs a number of his performance pieces, seeks to retain the resistance potential of minoritarian art by subverting hegemonic power hierarchies. As will be shown, his representational strategy of "as if" is used by Gomez-Pena and his collaborators to envision a postnational and transcultural spaciousness of the Americas.


Goal. The goal of this lesson is to describe emerging oral therapy for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Objectives. At the conclusion of this lesson, successful participants should be able to: 1. identify factors known to reduce adherence with parenter-ally administered drugs in multiple sclerosis, and the factors that enhance adherence; 2. recognize the pharmacologic classification of the emerging oral therapy discussed in this lesson; 3. demonstrate an understanding of the mechanism of action, major adverse events and therapeutic applications associated with the drugs; and 4. exhibit knowledge of information relative to multiple sclerosis pharmacotherapy to convey to patients. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, potentially debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects about 400,000 people in the United States, with another 200-plus new cases diagnosed each week. It is not an homogeneous disease entity and, therefore, as new pharmaco-therapies emerge, it will require individual therapy regimens. As a chronic and so far incurable disease , therapy is required for an indefinite, perhaps lifelong, period of time. The current concept of MS treatment entails use of drugs that influence immunological reactions. These therapies alter the course of this pathology and reduce the grade of disability. There are no definite symptoms to predict the individual course of disease in its early stages, and the individual grade of disability in the future cannot be anticipated with certainly. Consequently, ideal treatment of MS would fulfill the general criteria of: maximal efficacy (ideal: cure), minimal adverse effects (ideal: none), maximal patient adherence (ideal: 100 percent), and easy dosing regimens. Current disease modifying therapy (DMT) [Table 1] for the chronic treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), such as interferon-beta (IFNβ)-1b (Betaseron, Extavia), IFNβ-1a (Avonex, Rebif), glati-ramer (Copaxone), mitoxantrone (Novantrone, and others) and na-talizumab (Tysabri) has benefitted the course of MS favorably. IFNβ or glatiramer acetate have become the gold standard of care (first-line) for modifying the course of RRMS, with mitoxantrone or natalizumab used when the first-line agents fail to provide suitable relief or when adverse events prevail. In random-ized controlled Phase III trials, all of these parenterally-administered agents demonstrate superiority to placebo regarding clinical end points. Recently published comparative trials failed to provide evidence for superiority of one or the other first-line DMTs. Still, there are opportunities for additional improvements by further reducing relapse rates, slowing disease progression and providing more convenient treatments that do not rely on administration by injection. …


Do persons from disadvantaged backgrounds deserve as much blame for their immoral or criminal acts as persons who have had all the advantages? Many liberals feel inclined to say 'no.' After all, there is a high correlation between criminal activity and a disadvantaged background; indeed, it might fairly be said that poverty breeds crime. Taken in its most obvious direction, however, this line of argument has dangerous deterministic implications. The price of diminished blame is diminished responsibility. We absolve the disadvantaged by portraying them as persons with a diminished capacity for free action. In the extreme case, we view them as victims of circumstance, utterly unable to act other than they do. Thus is born the demeaning parentalism of the worst sort of liberal social worker. Still, there is something correct in the liberal impulse to deny or diminish blame in at least many of these cases for something like the reason that the liberal offers. The task of this paper is to explain what is right about it. More generally, I want to show how we can take a person's background into account in judging her for her acts without falling into total or partial determinism. In other words, my task is to establish that diminished blame is compatible with full freedom and responsibility. Roughly, I shall argue that we cannot blame someone for her acts if they are permitted or required by moral conclusions that are rational for someone in her position to reach.


This paper describes a tele-educational environment and reports on experiences obtained during international trials. The tele-educational environment is built around the metaphor of a college. The virtual college offers the opportunity for students to participate in desktop tele-education from their homes or offices. The environment is based on Internet technology, and the user interface is a common World Wide Web browser. Students navigate through the virtual college by entering classrooms, group rooms, studies, and teacher offices. During breaks, students can visit a virtual tea room. The rooms are furnished with different tools according to the needs for each particular room. The feedback from experimenting with the virtual college in an international setting has been encouraging. The concept was well accepted by the students. They quickly become familiar with the environment, the learning effect was good, and they appreciated the attempts to introduce social ingredients into this virtual environment. One figure presents the user interface to the virtual college. (Author/AEF) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ***** **** A Web based Virtual College Jorgen Boegh, Allan M. Krebs, Lars 0. Petersen, M. Wagner DELTA Danish Electronics, Light & Acoustics Venlighedsvej 4 DK-2970 Horsholm Denmark Tel: + 45 45 86 77 22 Fax: + 45 45 86 58 98 e-mail: email@example.com U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) o This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY G.H. Marks TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Abstract: The need for tele-education is rapidly growing. This paper describes a tele-educational environment and reports on experiences obtained during international trials. The tele-educational environment is build around the metaphor of a college. The virtual college offers the opportunity for students to participate in desktop tele-education from their homes or offices. The environment is based on Internet technology and the user interface is a common Web browser. Students navigate through the virtual college by entering classrooms, group rooms, studies, and teacher offices. During breaks students can visit a virtual tea room.


Dialogical Self theory (DSt) is particularly well-suited for explaining the phenomena of process and change in group psychotherapy. Consistent with the influential "Group-as-a-Whole" theory of group dynamics, DSt posits that there are real and meaningful structures and events that occur at the level of the group which cannot be reduced to a summation of elements taking place at the level of the individuals in the group. This presentation suggests that the concepts of "fractal geometry" and "pantographic reproduction" offer useful metaphors for describing, respectively, the relationship between group members and the group, and the way in which each affects the other. Fractals are curves or figures, the parts of which exhibit similar form at any level of scale. As with fractals, structures and processes observed at the level of the individuals that make up a therapy group are similar to those seen at the level of the group itself. Over time the intrapersonal psychodynamics of the individuals, and the dynamics of the group-as-a-whole come to resemble each other. A pantograph is a mechanical device used by artists, engravers, etc., to reproduce lines, shapes or writing at different scales. Similar to pantographic reproduction, the structure and process within each individual in a group is "traced" in forming the dynamic of the group. In the same way, forms and dynamics in the group are replicated in the individuals. Thus, therapeutic interventions aimed at affecting group process find their way into the personalities of the members, and vice-versa. These two concepts may provide useful metaphors for describing the application of DSt to group therapy, for group therapists and their patients, as well as to educators.


The mechanical properties of welds in martensitic stainless steels are critically dependent upon the microstructure developed in the weld metal and heat affected zone. Hence it is essential to understand the transformations that take place during the welding cycle. The purpose of the present paper is to present an overview of the phase transformations which take place in the weld metal or heat affected zones of martensitic stainless steels and their influence on mechanical properties of the welds.


In this paper, an epoxy-based composite coating containing various combinations of zinc oxide submicrometer particles and organobentonite nanoparticles were prepared. Dispersion of zinc oxide particles with organobentonite nanoparticles within the composites were evaluated using XRD analyses. Hardness, adhesion, physical properties and corrosion resistance of composites were studied. The results showed that simultaneous use of low-loading fillers have a positive effect on the clay exfoliation behavior in resulting nanocomposites. Hardness, adhesion of  novel composites containing zinc oxide particle slightly increased compared with neat-epoxy even though with epoxy-organobentonite composite. Corrosion performance of composites increased with addition of zinc oxide and organobentonite particles, due to improving barrier properties of the coating.


Defibrillation threshold testing (DFT) is a standard procedure during implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation, however, it is not without risks. We compared the one-year follow-up period in ICD-implanted pa- tients, with and without DFT performed during implantation, for preventive indication in regard to appropriate and inappropriate ICD detection and therapy. One group consisted of 20 patients without DFT; another was comprised of 20 patients where DFT had been performed. There was no difference in the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias be- tween the groups. Appropriate therapy of ICD was 100%. DFT is not a predictor for successful ICD detection and therapy of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.


An exemplary object of the present invention lies in a point of providing a time stamp packet transmitting apparatus capable of transferring time information in a packet network without being effected by a periodic dispersion time of a delay. The time stamp packet transmitting apparatus of the present invention is for changing a sending time period of a time stamp packet for filing time information, and transmitting the time stamp packet at its changed sending time period to a time stamp packet receiving apparatus via a packet network. In the present invention, sending the time stamp packet at an arbitrary sending packet time period responding to a sending trigger, which is output from an arbitrary sending cycle generator, makes it possible to detect a periodic delay jitter frequency that occurs in appliances within the packet network, and to remove the corresponding frequency.


In recent years,bill financing of commercial banks in Xinjiang has grown rapidly,which result from both capital increase in the demand for both small and medium-sized enterprises,and widening intermediate business among commercial banks in Xinjiang.There are still many problems,however,such as unitary product in the bill market,large amount of financing instruments.So a variety of instruments should be offered,laws and regulations should be perfected in order to promote bill financing of commercial banks in Xinjiang.


ABSTRACT In this article, after analyzing the comics industry in Spain in the context of the 2008 crisis, which reveals how small and medium publishers have adapted to new trends in consumption, I focus on the graphic novel Barcelona. Los vagabundos de la chatarra (2015) by Jorge Carrión and Sagar. This comic depicts the underworld of scrap metal collection in Barcelona, where mainly immigrant workers wander the streets, barely eking a living out of the detritus of consumerist society. It is an example of graphic journalism in comics, one of the most interesting developments in the genre in the past few years. It is also a novelty in Spanish comics because certain topics were far from common in the existing repertoire, which had been dominated by adventures, fantasy, and science fiction. Drawing on Verónica Gago's La razón neoliberal (2014) and Saskia Sassen's Expulsions (2015), I challenge conventional approaches to neoliberalism by focusing on neoliberalism from below, which is seen by Gago to point toward the emergence of a new historical consciousness of living in perpetual crisis.


Abstract: The paper presents the performance characteristics for a coolin g system using EEV. The water cooler was used to reduce thermal deformation an d contraction due to high speed of machine tools and the EEV was used for capacity c ontrol for water cooler. The apparatus was designed for hot-gas bypass system which a ho t-gas can flows from outlet of compressor to the inlet of evaporator. This experimen t is the intermediary study for precise temperature control through PID control. The results show that the evaporator pressure increased and refrigeration capacity decrea sed as the EEV opening step of hot-gas bypass increased. These results can be used as basic data for the design of effective water cooler. Key words: Hot-gas bypass, Oil cooler, Electronic expansion valve, On-Off control, PID control †교신저자(부경대학교 기계공학부, E-mail:email@example.com, Tel: 051-629-6180)1 부경대학교 대학원 냉동공조공학과2 부경대학교 대학원3 (주) 대일4 부경대학교 1. 서 론 산업기계의 가공 정밀도를 향상시키기 위해서 가공 부위 온도를 일정하게 유지시킬 수 있는 산업용 오일 및 수냉각기의 다양한 기술개발이 진행되고 있다. 공작기계는 절삭속도가 빠르기 때문에 공작물의 가공부위에 상당한 열이 발생되며, 열은 공작기계 부품과 공작물에 열 변형을 초래하여 가공정밀도와 기계의 신뢰성을 떨어뜨린다. 따라서 발열 억제를 위해 공작기계의 가공부위에 냉각된 오일 및 냉수를 공급한다. 이 때 공급되는 온도가 일정할 경우 공작물의 열 변형을 방지할 수 있다.


An examination of the way in which social workers use knowledge suggests an instrumental approach to knowledge use. This approach has important implications for moving the profession toward greater accountability in the practice of social work. Unless educators can motivate practitioners to change the way in which they ask questions and make predictions, it is unlikely that practitioners will use scientific information in their problem-solving processes.


This paper presents a low power clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for a wireless body sensor node. The proposed circuit interfaces the RF receiver output with the digital processing. It consumes 50nW at 100kbps. It uses a delay locked loop (DLL) that is calibrated in one-shot fashion to save power, locking over 18X faster than prior art. The proposed circuit is fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS technology. It recovers data with an input jitter of up to 2.4μs with >2X less power and >2X less area than prior work. The proposed circuit is a synthesizable all digital implementation.


Choosing the optimum route is the most critical planning content in economic tourism planning. This paper takes the coordinates of tourism attractions in Enshi as the research background, considers the problem of travel route planning as a tourism salesman problem, and solves the shortest circuit path for traveling salesman as the research object. In our research, we chose the genetic algorithm, the Ant Colony Algorithm, and the combination of the two algorithms and compared and analyzed them with the best parameters. The experiment shows that combining the ant colony and genetic algorithms can more effectively find the shortest circuit path in developing tourism planning in the Enshi Scenic Area. At the same time, the effect is obviously better than the results obtained by any of the algorithms alone.


The systemic effects of local anesthetics should be regarded as with other drugs. The central nervous system can be stimulated or depressed. The depressant action may be useful or dangerous depending on the severity of the situation. The cardiovascular effects are depressant in nature and are useful in antiarrhythmic therapy. In the average patient severe cardiovascular depression requires higher dosage than that which produces central nervous system effect.


Despite nearly two decades of comparative research on voluntary sustainability standards, a number of important questions remain unanswered. Chiefly, can they succeed in generating environmental outcomes? This chapter conducts a systematic review of articles that compare two or more voluntary sustainability standards to illuminate a number of blind spots and biases in the research to date. It finds a strongly interdisciplinary research community and a plurality of research methods. However, it also finds a number of weaknesses: namely, an inattention to research on environmental impacts and a tendency to draw broad lessons from a handful of sectors and certifications that are concentrated primarily in industrialized countries. These weaknesses suggest that considerable gaps remain in knowledge about voluntary sustainability standards and imply the need for rethinking this research agenda.


When fire breaks out, the gas composition and concentration as well as smoke concentration of burning part vary from those in normal environment. The gas and smoke absorbed during solidification of short circuited melted mark occurred in such environment will certainly have an effect on grain shape, grain size, holes distribution and impurity element distribution of organization of melted mark. The gas in the environment has a certain influence on the organization of short circuited melted mark, but the influence is smaller than that of smoke. The reason may be that the gas is mingled with certain amount of tiny smoke particles inevitably which play a role in the solidification of melted mark. Compared with short-circuit samples in normal atmosphere, carbon content of short-circuit samples increases and oxygen content decreases in the environment of smoke.


The present study was conducted to examine the protective roles of trolox and alpha-lipoic on post-thawed Pirlak ram sperm parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in non-breeding season. Semen samples from 5 healty Pırlak rams (2-3 years of age) were used in the study. Six ejaculates for each rams were collected and pooled. Ejaculates were split into three aliquots and diluted to a final concentration of 150x106 spermatozoa/ml with the base extender containing 1 mM alpha lipoic acid, 1 mM trolox and no additive (control) were cooled to 5 °C and equilibrated for 3 h then frozen in 0.25 ml French straws. Samples were thawed in 37 oC and evaluated in terms of spermatological parameters, DNA damage, oxidative stress. Sperm motility was increased, acrosome rate and DNA damage were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in ALA, head abnormal sperm rate and membrane integrity were increased, acrosome rate and DNA damege were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in trolox when compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, reductions in spermatozoon MDA and GSH levels were statistically significant (P <0.05) in lipoic acid and trolox groups. Results of this study suggest that alphalipoic acid and trolox improve sperm parmeters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in non-breeding season.


ABSTRACT The article analyzes the Brazilian and Argentine experience in nuclear nonproliferation since the 1991 establishment of a regional binational safeguards agency, known as the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC). After these two countries signed their Bilateral Agreement, considerable positive change occurred in their nuclear-related activities so that there is presently no concern in the international community or in Brazil and Argentina about the possibility of non-peaceful use of nuclear energy in the region. The Bilateral Agreement establishing ABACC was also a milestone for the Mercosul Agreement and for South American economic integration. This paper describes the evolution of nuclear energy development in the two countries, highlighting the significance of the agreements signed, the barriers established to prevent proliferation, and the challenges faced by ABACC.


Self-assembled monolayers of n-alkanoic acid, (CH 3 (CH 2 ) m COOH, m=2-18, 22), were formed on the native oxide surfaces of Ag, Cu, and Al. The structure of the monolayers was probed with optical ellipsometry, contact angle measurement, and reflection absorption IR spectroscopy. The results suggest that the structure of the absorbed film strongly depends on the metal substrate, as well as the chain length of the acid involved. The metal substrate dominates the binding geometry of the head group and probably the packing density. The chain length also affects the packing density and the conformation of the molecular chain


International studies call for converting the old-age pension scheme from the pay-as-you-go system to a fully funded system. Instead of immediately paying out collected contributions to old-age pensioners, as is the case in a pay-as-you-go scheme, income from contributions is to be invested in pension funds and paid out only at the time of retirement by way of a life annuity. A complete changeover to the fully funded system will cause substantial conversion costs. All old-age pension entitlements by insurees need to be refunded by the state either in cash or by issuing government bonds. This would bring to the fore the national debt hidden in the pension insurance system. The amount of entitlements, however, does not change by conversion to the fully funded system. Depending on whether redemption of pension claims is advanced or delayed, it is possible to redistribute the burden for current and future generations. The burden caused to future generations by the expected ageing of the population can be alleviated by advanced contributions or taxation. The effective yield of contributions paid into the pension insurance system is low for those insured today, but it shows little variation. In contrast, yields from investing in securities are markedly higher. But this gap is linked to a higher risk, i.e., capital investment may produce negative yields for several consecutive years. If Austrian households are rather risk-averse, investment of their pension portfolio in shares will lead to overall welfare loss. The low spread of share ownership and above-average concentration on income-securing measures by the welfare state are indirect indications of the general risk aversion prevailing in Austria.


Patients with limb dysfunction have limited mobility, which prevents them from performing daily activities. We have developed an assistive robot system with an intuitive head free gaze interface. The system consists of multiple modules, including 3D gaze estimation, head free coordinate transformation, intention recognition, and robot trajectory planning. The robotic assistive system obtains clues from the user's gaze to decode their intentions and implement actions. This allows the user only needs to look at the objects to make the robot system reach, grasp, and bring them to the user. The 3D gaze estimation is evaluated with 5 subjects, showing an overall accuracy of 5.53±1.2 cm. The integrated system's experimental results show that the success rate is 96% in the implementation of automatic trajectory planning, and the success rate is 92% in the implementation of fixation-based trajectory planning. Finally, the results and work required to improve the system are discussed.


To overcome the shortcomings in the stage of education and teaching management in college and effectively transform the education mode, in this paper, cloud computing as well as big data technology are combined with college education and teaching management to promote the  education and teaching managementinformationization. Therefore, on the basis of learning useful experience in the past, this paper realizes the effective docking of cloud computing, big data technology and university education and teaching management informatization from multiple dimensions, and then clarifies the requirements for the informatization of college education and teaching management.Moreover, these problems existing in the informatization link are explored in the context of the actual situation. Thereby, on this basis, the steady progress of informatization work can be promoted from the level of attention and technical equipment upgrading.


AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLE COMBINATIONS FOR USE IN FIRE WEATHER FORECASTS by Daniel Sunvold Predicting high fire danger conditions is paramount to mitigating the impacts caused by wildfires. Such warning systems as red flag warnings (RFWs) and the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) utilize atmospheric and fuel moisture properties to warn public and government entities about conditions that may lead to the ignition or rapid growth of wildfires. In this study, we use high-resolution reanalysis and wildfire growth data from 2003-2020 in California to test a variety of different variables to determine if a more viable variable combination exists that could be used to create a better warning index which would allow for a better estimate of high fire danger conditions. This is assessed by ranking combinations based on how well they organize daily fire acreage growth values within the heatmaps. It is found that turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) 50 meters above ground level presents a strong case to be used as a fire danger predictor. Sounding profiles are also created to ascertain a clearer picture of the vertical profiles typically seen on dangerous fire weather days, with the highest average daily acreage growth values seen with each combination exhibiting a dry and warm-to-hot environment. Line plots detailing daily average acreage growth rate changes indicate compounding effects of multiple variables being in extreme states at the same time as well as limiting behavior where a single variable being in a non-fire conducive state can shut-off the influence of another variable. We also find that relative humidity and sustained wind speed is the third-ranked variable combination, empirically confirming a previous mostly heuristic result.


A quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was established for the quality control of the Annonaceous acetogenins in the extracts of the paw paw tree, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal. (Annonaceae). A new calibration method was developed by (a) using the diastereoisomers of analytes present in the same extract as internal standards, and (b) adding five different levels of pure analytes to the extract solutions to construct a calibration curve. These modifications completely eliminate the matrix and instrument variations and, thus, provide high accuracy. As an example, concentrations of the three major and most active Annonaceous acetogenins, bullatacin (1), asimicin (2) and trilobacin (3), were directly evaluated, without any further sample preparation, in crude dichloromethane extracts of twigs collected monthly from a single paw paw tree. The results showed that the contents of 1 and the mixture of 2 and 3 increased significantly in May and June, with 1 at 12.94 and 14.55 ppm, respectively, and the mixture of 2 and 3 at 47.05 and 51.26 ppm, respectively. The quantified contents of these potent acetogenins showed a good correlation with potencies observed in the brine shrimp test (BST), which demonstrated the highest activities with extracts from the May and June samples. These results suggest that May and June are the best time to collect paw paw twigs for maximizing pesticidal and other bioactivities. In addition, the results obtained from both methods, BST and LC/MS/MS, also verify the accuracy of each other, This well-defined LC/MS/MS method can be widely applied in the quantitative analysis of other natural components in crude extracts. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


With leucine and phenylalanine as starting materials,two new pentapeptides were totally synthesized through changing the cyclic sites and optimizing the route of synthesis.The yield of cyclization reaction was up to 50%.The products were isolated and purified by RP-HPLC,and the compound structures were characterized by means of 1HNMR,13CNMR and MS.


The Black Swan project was a series of mass rescue operation exercises by the United States Coast Guard designed to improve preparedness within the passenger transport industry and emergency management agencies. The Black Swan project began in 2011 with a design and planning conference. Plans for the exercises used the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program process. Planners reviewed previous exercises and studies to establish a plan with the necessary logistical support. It was decided that the Black Swan exercises would focus on the Incident Command System, passenger and crew accountability, and communications. Exercises were held in 2013 involving more than 1,200 personnel and were hailed a success, becoming the largest, most complex full-scale exercise in Coast Guard history. Black Swan established a benchmark in exercise design, validated preparedness plans, and created exercise standards.


The piano music Twenty-four Preludes and Fugues No.9 composed by Shostakovich is one of his polyphony works written during the period from 1950 to 1951.The fugue in this work is characteristic in the fields of structural configuration, theme, counter-theme, episode and epilogue. Thus I will discuss the writing feature of the fugue in my paper, based on my understanding and study.


The static and dynamic magnetic response of isolated Ce ions in Th metal is microscopically observed by the time-differential perturbed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray distribution method. The single\char22{}Ce-ion behavior reflects intermediate valence and a temperature-driven transition from nonmagnetic to magnetic in the range 18 to 800 K.


Abstract New mixed-ligand cyanonitrosyl {CrNO}5 chelates of chromium(I) of the type [cr (NO) (CN)2 (L-L) (H2O)] have been synthesized by the interaction of the potassium pentacyano-nitrosylchromate (I) monohydrate with 8-hydroxyquinolinesulpho-namides (L-L), viz., 8-hydroxyquinoline-4- (4′ -tolyl)sulphonamide, 8-hydroxyquinoline-4- (phenyl) sulphonamide, 5-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-4-(4′ -tolyl)sulphonamide, 5, 7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-4-(4′ -tolyl)-sulphonamide, 5, 7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-4- (3′ -ethoxyphenyl) -sulphonamide, 5, 7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-4- (3′ -methoxyphenyl) -sulphonamide, 5, 7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-4-(3′ -methoxy-phenyl)sulphonamide or 5, 7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-4-(3′-ethoxyphenyl)sulphonamide in aqueous acetic acid medium. The resulting compounds, which have been characterized through elemental analyses, electrical conductances, magnetic measurements, thermo-gravimetric analyses, electron spin resonance and infra-red spectral studies, contain chrom...


This paper summarizes the practical ITS system planning/design and regional ITS deployment considerations using Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC) as a practical example case study. As indicated, the regional ITS planning and deployment process should address ITS requirements national system architecture, market and technology evolution, system life-cycle benefit/cost evaluation, international system specification and standards, existing system renovation, and user communitys acceptance. Most of all, the system architecture should accommodate the incremental and future upgrade that can address practical regional ITS deployment needs as system evolves


5144 Background: The time course of testosterone (TST) recovery after prolonged androgen suppression (AS) is not well established. We examined TST recovery prospectively in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with 2 years of AS. Methods: 153 PCa men with pT3N0 or positive margins after radical prostatectomy (RP), or with PSA relapse (persistently detectable postoperative PSA [= 0.2 ng/mL], delayed detectable PSA = 6 months after surgery, or palpable/biopsy proven local recurrence after RP), were treated with radiation (RT) to the prostate bed (60 - 70 Gy in 30 - 35 fractions) plus 2 years of AS as part of a phase II study. AS consisted of nilutamide 100 mg PO tid for 4 weeks, starting within 1 week after completing RT, and busereline acetate 6.6 mg SC every 2 months for 2 years, starting within 2 weeks of nilutamide. The primary endpoint was PSA relapse-free survival. Serum TST levels were measured at baseline, every 4 months during AS, and every 6 months after completing AS. The planned sample size wa...


Published research shows that English speakers gain literacy skills up to the 7‐year level more effectively when taught using a language experience approach rather than a word reading approach (reading common words plus phonic reading). It is suggested that this is because of the almost unique nature of English phonology, that is the strengthening of unstressed syllables when converted to stressed syllables, for example, uhn indipendn't witnis becomes the systematically distorted form of English, with four changes of vowel, that is reflected in the written form. This means that to read English, speakers must learn a 'new language'. The research evidence is considered and the implications for teaching are suggested.


The effect of the electron‐hole interaction on the Auger recombination process in a semiconductor is discussed. Using a simplified treatment based on an excitonic picture, a theory for an excess carrier lifetime is developed. The calculation is done for an n‐type material with direct band gap, taking account of both nondegenerate and weakly degenerate statistics. The result is compared with the experimental data on n‐type InAs. It is shown that both the electron‐hole interaction and the statistical degeneracy have an important effect on the temperature dependence of the Auger recombination lifetime of excess carriers.


PG Harris, JF Mosher. Injury to the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers. Can J Plast Surg 1994;2(3): 125-129. Injury to the collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal (mcp) joints of the fingers has not been given much attention in the literature compared with the more frequently encountered lesion involving the thumb ('game keeper's' or 'skier's' thumb). Nevertheless, such lesions can result in significant disability if not appropriately treated. To prevent this, awareness of the pathology is required. Pain and lateral instability at the mcp joints may be the only signs. The anatomical lesions vary in sites. Instability to laterally directed stress in full mcp flexion is diagnostic. Most lesions heal with corrective immobilization with the mcp joint at 40° or 45° and 'buddy taping' of the fingers. Surgery, through a dorsal approach, is required in cases of rotated or significantly displaced bony attachment and in chronic instability.


This article reports on the third year of an ongoing research project to document and evaluate an innovative foreign language in elementary schools (FLES) program in Japanese for Grades K–5 (N=195). We report 2 strands of research. First, concerned with school and community ambiance, we attempted to describe systematically the attitudes and perceptions of various constituents of this curricular innovation. Second, we investigated the language achievement of children in Grades K–5 for oral proficiency, vocabulary development, and social uses of language. During a 3-year period, the children, regardless of age, made considerable progress in foreign language proficiency and developed positive attitudes toward language learning. Innovative language programs in the elementary school can move beyond their often marginalized status to become regularized features of the overall school curriculum.


Abstract : This study examines the concept of robustifying a controlled system against differences which may exist between the real world system and the low-order design model upon which the controller design is based. The types of controllers considered are based upon the Linear system model, Quadratic cost, and Gaussian noise process methodology of optimal control theory. It is assumed that full-state feedback is not available and a Kalman filter is employed to provide state estimates to the controller. Both continuous-time and sampled-data controllers are considered. Two robustification techniques are considered. The first is the method of injecting zero-mean white Gaussian noise into the design model at the point of entry of the control inputs during the process of tuning the Kalman filter. The second method is an extension of the first, where the white noise is replaced by a time-correlated noise. This allows the primary strength of the noise to be concentrated only in the frequency range where robustification is desired. Comparing the results of applying the two methods allows a designer to make a trade-off between the amount of desired robustification and the performance degradation at the design conditions which occurs when the techniques are applied. Both methods are found to improve substantially the robustness properties of the controllers considered.


Movement of total and fecal coliform bacteria form septic tank effluent through three Virginia Coastal Plain soils was monitored in situ over a 2-year period. These soils were considered to be marginally suited for sanitary disposal of domestic wastes because of fluctuating seasonal water tables and/or restricting layers. Since septic effluent moved predominantly in a horizontal direction in these soils as a result of slowly permeable subsurface horizons, series of piezometers were installed to collect samples at selected distances and depths from the source (subsurface drainfield) in each of the soils studied. Generally, the most-probable-numbers (MPN) of both total and fecal coliforms decreased significantly with horizontal distance and depth. At the Varina location total and fecal coliform counts were observed to decrease from 11 and 1.3 × 10⁶/100 ml in the distribution box to 11 and 2.5 × 10³/100 ml at 6.1 m, respectively, above a relatively impermeable plinthic horizon. At the Goldsboro and Beltsville sites large reductions in both total and fecal coliform counts were noted within 13.5 m. Few detectable fecal coliform were present below the restricting layers at all three sites. On the basis of these results, it seems unlikely that coliform bacteria would move into the permanent ground water system.


We introduce a batch variant of the neural gas (NG) clustering algorithm which optimizes the same cost function as NG but shows faster convergence. It has the additional benefit that, based on the notion of the generalized median, a variant for non-vectorial proximity data can be introduced in analogy to the median self-organizing map (SOM). We prove convergence of batch and median NG and demonstrate its behaviour in experiments.


Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3.5 Com parison w ith Existing Yield F u n c t io n s ................................................... 33 3.5.1 R eduction to H ill's C r i te r io n ................................................................ 33 3.5.2 Com parison w ith M ulhern, Rogers & Spencer C riterion . . . . 35 3.6 N um erical Sim ulation for Initial Y ie ld in g ..................................................... 38 3.6.1 Note A bout Choice of Six P a ra m e te rs ............................................... 41 3.7 Subsequent Yield S u r f a c e s ................................................................................... 41 3.7.1 K inem atic H a rd e n in g ............................................................................. 44 3.7.2 Proportional H a rd en in g .......................................................................... 45 3.8 Discussions ............................................................................................................. 53 4 A C y c lic A n is o t ro p ic -P la s t ic i ty M o d e l ......................................................... 55 4.1 In tro d u c tio n ............................................................................................................. 55 4.2 T heoretical D evelopm ent of th e C onstitu tive M o d e l ............................... 56 4.3 E lastic S tif fn e s s ....................................................................................................... 56 4.3.1 Transverse Isotropy Stiffness T e n s o r ................................................. 56 188.8.131.52 G eneral Fourth O rder Transverse Isotropy Tensor . . 58 188.8.131.52 E lastic C onstitu tive M o d e l ................................................. 59 22.214.171.124 P lane S train Bulk M o d u lu s ................................................. 60 4.4 Proposed Non Associative Flow R u l e ............................................................ 61 4.4.1 Proposed P oten tia l F u n c t io n ............................................................... 62 18.104.22.168 C onstrained Yield Function .............................................. 62 184.108.40.206 P oten tia l Function ............................................................... 63 4.5 H ardening R u l e ...................................................................................................... 67 4.6 Cyclic P lastic ity M o d e l ......................................................................................... 69 4.6.1 P lastic M odulus for Isotropic M a te r ia l s .......................................... 70 4.6.2 Proposed P lastic M o d u l u s ................................................................... 71 188.8.131.52 Scalar Form of P lastic M odulus P a ra m e te rs ................... 73 220.127.116.11 Choice of = A , j ............................................................... 74 126.96.36.199 Choice of 75 4.6.3 D eterm ination of Bounding S u r f a c e ................................................. 75 4.6.4 Backstress for th e Bounding S u rfa c e ................................................. 78 4.6.5 D eterm ination of the P lastic M odulus P a r a m e te r s ....................... 79 4.7 E lasto-P lastic Stiffness M a t r ix ........................................................................... 80 4.8 Num erical Sim ulation for S tress-Strain C u r v e s .......................................... 82 4.8.1 In itial Yield S tress P a ra m e te r s ............................................................ 83 4.8.2 Initial Bounding Stress P a r a m e t e r s ................................................. 83 4.8.3 P lastic M odulus P a r a m e te r s ................................................................ 84 4.9 Experim ental-M odel Curve C o m p ariso n ......................................................... 85 4.10 Com parison w ith O th er Proposed M o d e ls ................................................ 86 4.11 C onclusions.............................................................................................................. 87


This research to analyze about the effect of event Tour de Singkarak towards economic tourism in Indonesia with study case in West Sumatera. Tour de Singkarak is one of classified MICE (meeting, incentive, convention, and exhibition) activity programs and yearly program by The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Indonesian cooperation with Ministry of Province and Ministry of Regency in West Sumatera.This Research using library research. Source the data for this research obtained from Journals, books, essay, documents or report from the internet. The perspective used in this research is liberalism with globalization theory and tourism concept.This research to analyze about effect tourism promotion through international events towards economic region in field tourism.The tourism promotion doing by Tour de Singkarak activity since 2009 until 2014. Tour de Singkarak has been held six times and had a positive impact towards tourism sector in West Sumatera asan increase in trafficof foreigntourists, accommodationandlocal revenues. Keywords: MICE, Tour de Singkarak, Tourism Concept, Promotion Tourism, Local Revenues


A novel space structure design method is introduced. For some force transmission parts such as truss support and joints of big span crane their structural forms, advantages and disadvantages are elaborated in order to provide valuable references for modification works design for similar industrial factory buildings.


Quantum transports of semiconductor quantum dots so far are mostly treat the conduction band electrons. Trapping an electron from conduction electron reservoir into the dot, and electrically detect their current or charge, enables us to control a single charge, a single spin, as well as tiny numbers of nuclear spins around it. [1] Semiconductor devices on the other hands are well known to be excellent photo-detectors/emitters, and the interaction of photons, conduction band and valence band electrons in such devices are well understood. In this paper, motivated by recent quantum media conversion proposals from a single photon to a single photo-created electron spin [2,3], we report a quantum transport measurement of semiconductor double quantum dots under monochromatic light irradiation which can cause an interband photo-absorption in quantum dots. We measured a dc transport current ID of the vertical double dot composed of AlGaAs barrier, InGaAs wells and n-GaAs electrodes at temperature ~ 0.23K with monochromatic light illuminations of wavelength 850nm -1100nm. Under large source drain bias voltage VS near pinch-off gate voltage VG, Photo-absorption with minimum photon energy occurs as an indirect exciton, i.e. creation of an electron on one quantum well and a hole on the other. (Fig.1) [4] Photon energy needed to create such an indirect exciton depends linearly on the electric field applied to the triple barrier structure and thus can be tuned by VS (Fig. 2.). This onset VS is consistent with the amount of the photon energy decrease estimated from VS deference of two quantum wells (dotted line). Extended Abstracts of the 2007 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Tsukuba, 2007,


Based on the theory of spatial statistical analysis,international tourism(foreign exchange) revenue,domestic tourism revenue and the gross domestic product(GDP)of 21 regions in Guangdong province during 2000-2009 were used to study the relationship between tourism development and economic growth.The results are as follows: The model of geographically weighted regression(spatial lag model),with considering the geographical weight,can explain better the relationship between tourism development and economic growth compared to the model of ordinary least squares.Both the domestic tourism and inbound tourism have significant positive effect on the economic growth of Guangdong province,but inbound tourism plays a more significant role in promoting economic growth of Guangdong Province.The effect of the inbound tourism on economic growth of Guangdong province is getting more and more stronger.Finally,the cause and advice on the development of domestic tourism and inbound tourism in Guangdong province are analyzed


CdSe nanocrystals were obtained in relatively mild conditions from Na2SeSO3 and CdCl2 in aqueous gelatine solutions. Crystal parameters of gelatine-embedded CdSe nanoparticles, obtained from optical absorption, luminescence, and Raman spectra, are correlated to synthesis conditions: gelatine concentration, CdCl2  excess and temperature of ageing


Santiago de Chile (33°27'S and 70°42'W), capital city of the country, is placed in the central valley. It has a Mediterranean climate with a long dry season (between 7 and 8 months). Its annual average temperature is 12,2°C, whereas the thermal oscillation is considerable: there is almost 13°C between January and July average temperatures (hottest and coldest months, respectively) and the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures ranges between 10°C and 16°C during all the year. According to the National Statistics Institute, 37.4% and 36.0% of new housing during 2006 were built using mainly brick masonry and concrete in their walls, respectively. In both cases, thermal insulation was not generally considered. On the contrary for the heating period, a favorable thermal performance in summer should be expected (low thermal insulation in combination to high thermal mass). However, some recent studies show the completely opposite scenario, since an important percentage of users declare overheating in their own dwellings. This apparent contradiction could be understood from a database limitation, due to these official data do not reflect the impact of the current thermal regulation, which is in force since January 2007. Notwithstanding the required standards are weak in comparison to the international state-of-art (e.g. 1,9 W/m2K as maximum U-value for walls in Santiago), nowadays apartment buildings in Santiago are including at least 20 mm of thermal insulation in their walls to give compliance to the code. This paper proposes a series of dynamic thermal simulations to apartment buildings in Santiago, with the aim of establish the impact of different constructive solutions by means of thermal behavior, both in winter and summer. These digital models are statistically based on the typologies offered in the private real estate market during both periods 2001-2002 and 2006-2007, according to a database from Portalinmobiliario.com. These were determined using a multivariate analysis of their attributes – producing homogeneous market niches - through the hierarchical clustering technique. These homogeneous niches were identified in the real estate private submarkets, assessing different attributes. Thermal simulations were made using the TAS software, a dynamic-state digital tool. According to the results, the implementation of the thermal regulation – intended mainly to reduce heating consumption – have produced unfavorable comfort conditions in all the studied market niches, in comparison with the business as usual scenario. These conclusions allow establishing challenges and opportunities for the private real estate market, in order to integrate new thermal regulations with the private market reality.


In the history of Australia-Japan relationship,the signing of the Commerce Agreement between Australia and Japan in 1957 was a historical event with remarkable sense.There were many factors which promoted it.A relatively long-time exchange of economy and commerce,and economic complementarity,were no doubt important basis for it,a gradually political contact in the post-war period created a helpful atmosphere for bilateral cooperation of economy and commerce,and meantime,a relatively complex situation of international politics and economy was further increasing the process of this cooperation.


The combination of gamma-ray irradiation treatment and somaclonal variation may cause morphological changes in vitro culture of rodent tuber. In vitro shoots were irradiated with several gamma-ray doses. Rodent tuber plantlets were irradiated with the doses of 20 Gy. The plantlets were subcultured up to 5 times then produced MV1 to MV5. Plantlets MV4 and MV5 were acclimatized and transplanted at the greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphological characteristics in the fourth mutant vegetative propagation (MV4) and the fifth mutant vegetative propagation (MV5) of rodent tuber from the combination of gamma-ray irradiation and somaclonal variation. Subcultures were performed to regenerate from MV1 to MV5 with optimal MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium. Subcultures were done at eight weeks. The morphological measurement in MV4 with the average number of shoots, number of leaves and plant height, i.e. 5.21, 14.41 and 5.52 cm, respectively. The highest average number of shoots, number of leaves and plant height was generated in MV5, i.e. 5.23, 16.54 and 5.18 cm, respectively. Pre-acclimatization were successfully produced in the greenhouse of about 30% (MV4) and 39.5% (MV5). Post acclimatization was obtained 100% in control, MV4, and MV5 at the greenhouse. MV5 had better morphological characteristics. The morphological changes were occurring in MV4 and MV5 compared with controls due to the combination of gamma-ray irradiation and somaclonal variation.


In Pakistan, existing blood control systems or blood information management systems are limited in terms of efficient data retrieval of donor to consumer. There is no communication network in place for extra blood in one location to be demanded from a region if blood is limited, resulting in blood wastage. Due to a lack of accessibility and sufficient blood quality testing, blood contaminated with illnesses such as HIV has been used for transfusion in some cases. This study proposes a ledger blood management system to address these challenges. The trail has been represented as a supply-chain management problem following the blood. By trailing the blood stream and donation a single platform for transferring blood and the problem results among blood groups, the proposed system, built on the hyperledger fabric model, adds more traceability toward the blood transfusion process. It also helps to reduce unjustified blood wastage by providing an integrated system for transferring lifeblood and the thing extracts among lifeblood banks. A web app is also designed for accessing the network for simplicity of usage and security is enhanced by implementing block chain hyperfebric ledger system through Key Value System (KVS) system.


Morphological characteristics of leaves, shoots and fruits of 5 brinjal varieties/lines viz., BL 099, BARI Brinjal-6, BL 117, BL 072, BARI Brinjal-1 and wild Solanum torvum were studied at the experimental farm and laboratories of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during the period from September 2004 to April 2005 in a randomized block design with three replications. Higher number of leaves (195.50 plant−1) inviteshigher shoot and fruit infestation which was found positively correlated (r2= 0.55). Higher leaf area (63.53cm2/leaf and leaf trichom (256.7/25 mm2) had lower shoot and fruit infestation which was found negatively correlated (R2 =0.65). Among the morphological characteristics of shoots viz., number of shoot, daimeter and length of top inter node have a positive correlation (R2=0.69, 0.85, 0.44) and number of prickles and trichome on shoot have a negative correlation (R2 =0.22,0.70) with BSFB infestation on brinjal shoot. The morphological characters of fruits like fruit per plant, calyx length, fruit length, diameter, shape and color have significant effect on BSFB infestation. Diameter of fruit, weight of fruit has a positive correlation (R2=0.14, 0.10) and length of fruit (R2=0.36) and calyx (R2=0.79) have a negative effect on BSFB attacking brinjal fruit.


Writing instrument with a handle (12) in which a writing lead (25) is longitudinally displaceably accommodated, projecting in one of its two end positions with its tip (28) from the lower end (16) of the handle (12), having a first switching cam (39) and a second switching cam (41) comprising mechanism (30) for locking the writing cartridge (25) in the two end positions, with a pusher (24) through which the mechanism (30) is actuated, characterized in that on the grip piece (12) a displaceable actuating member (19) is fixed, having a shaft at its front end (22) is fixed slidably on the handle piece (12), and a cap at the rear end (24), in which the writing shaft (25) supported with its upper end (27), said cap (24) in such a way on the shaft (22) is attached, that it is to replace the writing cartridge (25) from the longitudinal direction (21) to the side deflectable.


Direct power purchase (DPP) by large consumers is an important measure of electric power market reform, which is conducive to improving the level of optimal allocation of power resources. From the perspective of safe operation of power system, it is urgent to study the influence of DPP on cascading failure in power system. In this paper, the model of DPP and cascading failure in power system are established respectively. Furthermore, three evaluation indexes, expected demand not supplied (EDNS), expected loss of nodes (ELON) and expected congestion power (ECP), are comprehensively considered, so as to propose an assessment algorithm for cascading failure in power system under the background of DPP by large consumers. The simulation results of the IEEE-RTS79 test system show that the established assessment algorithm can effectively analyze the consequences of cascading failure under different proportions of DPP. Finally, suggestions for determining the scale of DPP and active defensive measures are put forward.