The paper based on the practice of leading case teaching and accounting simulation experiment to Cost Accounting course to talk some experience of educational innovation practice, and hoping which can improve future teaching and help cutting down the distance between class and practice、enhancing students' manipulative ability and cognitive ability.


Deep beams with shear span‐to‐depth ratios a/d ≤ 2.5 are used to resist large shear forces due to their ability to develop direct strut action. To further enhance the shear strength and crack control of such members, researchers have studied the use of fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC). However, while this solution is promising, there is a need for rational mechanical models capable of predicting the shear strength of FRC deep beams in a sufficiently simple manner. This paper proposes such a model based on first principles: kinematics, equilibrium, and constitutive relationships. The proposed model simplifies an earlier two‐parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) for the complete shear behavior of FRC deep beams, to predict the shear strength and components of shear resistance in a straightforward manner. The new simplified method is validated by comparing the predicted results to 22 tests from the literature, as well as to FEM and 2PKT predictions. It is shown that the proposed simplified kinematic approach predicts well the shear strength with an average experimental‐to‐predicted shear strength ratio of 1.12 and a coefficient of variation of 12.9%. Furthermore, the model is used to discuss the effect of shear span‐to‐depth ratio and fiber volumetric ratio on the shear strength of FRC deep beams.


Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are risks associated with surgical procedures and represent a significant burden in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is required to reduce this burden. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial agents responsible for these infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in order to guide the initiation of empirical therapy. Two hundred samples from surgical sites were collected over a six-month period. They were examined microscopically and cultured aerobically. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the KirbyBauer disc diffusion technique. One hundred and sixty (160) bacterial isolates were recovered from culture of samples from surgical site infection. The predominant organism was Escherichia coli, 52(32.5%). Others were Staphylococcus aureus 46(28.75%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 26 (16.25%); Proteus species 18(11.25%); Klebsiella species 14(8.75%); Enterococcus species (1.25%) and α-haemolytic Streptococci (1.25%). SSIs were most prevalent among Obstetrics and Gynaecology patients. Bacterial growth was 100% at the extremes of ages. The isolates were highly resistant to Erythromycin, Amoxycillin, Cotrimoxazole and Tetracycline, but susceptible to Ceftriaxone, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Fluoroquinolones and Cephalosporins are the drugs of choice in the treatment of surgical site infections in this environment.


Seismic response induced by earthquakes is investigated using finite differential code for large span shallow tunnels. The mechanical behavior of weak rock is studied considering the influences of stress dilatancy on the failure mechanisms. Quasi-static representation of earthquake using a seismic coefficient concept is adopted for seismic estimations. The numerical results are presented. The results show that the dilatancy angle has great influences on the rock displacement and the failure face shape for the shallow tunnels, and that break angle deduced by earthquake force becomes larger. The failure face forms and extends to the ground surface with nonassocated flow rule. With the dilatancy angle increasing, the loose region decreases gradually. With the seismic coefficient increasing, loose region is distributed in a lager range. Therefore, the influence of nonassociated flow rule should be considered for determining the failure mechanisms of shallow tunnels subjected to earthquake force.


In the title compound, [Ni(SO4)(C12H8N2)2]·C2H6O2, the coordination polyhedron around the Ni2+ ion is a distorted octahedron, with four N atoms from two phenanthroline groups and two O atoms from a bidentate sulfate ligand. The Ni2+ ion lies on a special position of site symmetry 2. Intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the structure. The OH group of the ethane-1,2-diol solvent is disordered over two positions with equal occupancy.


An attempt was made to produce Sm-Fe-N/Co-B composite magnets by chemical reduction. It was found that a composite powder consisting of Sm-Fe-N particles coated with fine Co-B particles could be obtained by chemical reduction. The Sm-Fe-N/Co-B composite powder acted as a single hard magnetic phase and showed a smooth hysteresis loop. The composite powder exhibited a higher remanence of 93.1 Am2/kg and a higher coercivity of 0.45 MA/m than a mixture of the Sm-Fe-N powder and Co-B powder prepared by a similar procedure but using a higher concentration of aqueous solution for the chemical reduction.


Aims: To know the rainfall and temperature trend for all the districts of Karnataka state to develop suitable coping mechanisms for changing weather conditions during the cropping season.
Study Design: The available daily data of rainfall (1971-2011) and minimum and maximum temperature (1971-2007) for each district was collected from NICRA-ICAR website. A non-parametric model such as the Mann-Kendall (MK) test complemented with Sen's slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend.
Place and Duration of Study: The rainfall data of 41 years (1971-2011) and temperature data of 37 years (1971-2007) was collected for all 27 districts of Karnataka.
Methodology: Basic statistics related to rainfall like mean, standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV) and the percentage contribution to annual rainfall were computed for monthly and season-wise. Mann-Kendall test was used to detect trend for rainfall as well as temperature.
Results: An increasing trend in rainfall during winter, monsoon and annual basis for all most all the districts of Karnataka and decreasing trend of rainfall during pre and post-monsoon season was noticed. An early cessation of rainfall during September month in all most all the districts of Karnataka was observed. Similarly, monthly mean, maximum and the minimum temperature had shown an increasing trend over the past 37 years for all the districts of Karnataka.
Conclusion: The more variation in rainfall during the pre-monsoon season was observed, which is more important for land preparation and other operations. The increasing trend of maximum and minimum temperature throughout the year may often cause a reduction in crop yield. It is necessary to change crops with its short duration varieties in order to avoid late season drought.


The spatial distribution of free carriers and excitons in perovskite micro‐/nanostructures is currently a major topic of debate. They have been reported to coexist with spatial separation in individual perovskite grains and films. It is revealed that free carriers and excitons in single‐crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microplatelets can spatially overlap; however, the distribution is such that the edges can be entirely occupied by the former, while the interior is occupied only by the latter. This is further confirmed in single‐crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microstrips, in which only free carriers are observed. These results may be attributable to electrostatic potential fluctuations on the edges, which can promote electron–hole separation so that they do not bind to form excitons. Microscopic I–V measurements demonstrate that the microplatelet edges and the microstrips show current densities of more than 260 and 340 A cm−2 in a dark environment under 1.2 V bias voltage, respectively. It is suggested that these findings mean that such microstructures hold promise for the development of novel perovskite micro‐/nanostructure‐based optoelectronic devices with interesting photoconductive properties such as high photoluminescence intensity, longer excited‐state lifetime, high conductivity, large saturation current densities, and suppressed hysteresis effects (smaller open voltages).


Objective:To specifically inhibit the expression of oncogene E7 of HPV16 in CaSKi cervical carcinoma cell by RNA interference.Methods:The recombinant plasmids which expressed small hairpin RNA(shRNA) in vivo to target E7 gene was constructed.By use of lipofectamine2000 the plasmids were transfeced into cervical carcinoma cell CaSKi.E7mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Rb,E7 were detected by western blotting and other proteins associated to cell profilation such as ki-67,NF-κB,p16 and bcl-2 by immunocytochemistry method.Results:The plasmids pGENESIL-1/Negative(PSN) and pGENESIL-1/E7(PS7) were successfully constructed.The amount of E7mRNA in CaSKi/PS7 was decreased 21.05%,51.80% and 49.10% respctively after 24h,48h and 72h.In CaSKi/PS7 the expression of hypo-phosphorylated Rb was increased but that of hyper-phosphorylated Rb was decreased.The expression of ki-67,NF-κB and bcl-2 in CaSKi/PS7 were decreased but that of p16 was increased.Conclusion:These findings suggested that inhibition of the expression of oncogene E7 in HPV16 by means of RNA interference was effective and provided new materials for prevention and treatment of cervical carcinoma infected by HPV16.


ABSTRACT Traditional Turkish love is identified with suffering. This study investigates how suffering in love is metaphorically conceptualized in Turkish via natural phenomena and disasters. Based on figurative expressions in sad love songs of Arabesque and Art music genres, the study reveals that love pain/suffering is expressed through three salient metaphors: 1) love paın/sufferıng ıs natural phenomena, 2) love paın/sufferıng ıs natural dısasters, and 3) the overarching metaphor (the suffering) lover's body ıs a landscape (affected by weather conditions or natural disasters). It was unearthed from metaphoric expressions in lyrics that as part of a cultural scenario, natural phenomena and disasters are profiled as internalized forces culturally imagined to directly affect vital body parts to express the emotional distress or anguish of the Turkish lover. The overarching metaphor lover's body ıs a landscape is a manifestation of conceptual integration producing a novel structure in which natural phenomena appear to occur in or to culturally selected body parts or organs. The study makes a distinction between the three metaphors above about body parts and the well-known love ıs a natural force (which affects the WHOLE body as if it were an object being swept away or blown about, etc.)


We present a novel methodology to quantify the social costs and benefits (net social costs) of electric vehicles as an endogenous, demand-driven abatement technology in a general equilibrium framework. This new costing approach relates general equilibrium effects resulting from an increased market penetration of electric vehicles to the external environmental and health effects of the corresponding change in emissions. To this end, we develop a hybrid model combining a computable general equilibrium (CGE) with a discrete choice (DC) model that is capable of depicting an endogenous demand-driven uptake of alternative fuel vehicles. The discrete choice model of the consumer purchase decision between conventional, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles is directly integrated into the CGE model. This hybrid CGE-DC model features a detailed accounting of vehicle fleet development, including yearly numbers of vehicle purchases and cohort depreciation. It depicts nine households differentiated by the degree of urbanization and education, accounts for detailed consumer preferences for the purchase of a passenger vehicle and mode choice decisions. The hybrid CGE-DC model is additionally hard-linked to a bottom-up module for elektricity production by several technologies to provide input for an established impact pathway analysis to quantify the external costs relating to the changed composition of the vehicle fleet and technologies to generate electricity. We apply this methodology to Austria as an empirical example, considering current measures and trends for the uptake of electric vehicles into the vehicle fleet. In particular, we quantify the net social costs of additional measures to foster the introduction of electromobility that are part of the current policy discussion in Austria, and thus provide a blueprint for further application in different national contexts.


This study investigates the Provenance of the Barremian-Aptian fluvial clastics exposed in the Essaouira-Agadir Basin which bears an important potential in terms of offshore feeding of reservoir sands. Thin section petrography and SEM, heavy minerals analysis, and detrital zircon dating were conducted and integrated with a large dataset of published low-temperature thermochronology studies to model the associated source-to-sink system. The homogeneity of fingerprints throughout the basin indicated a single provenance for both the northern and southern studied transects. The hinterland analysis based on LTT data revealed that only the Western Meseta and MAM regions were possible source candidates for the Barremian Aptian which was confirmed by detrital zircon geochronology. Heavy mineral populations confirmed that sediment sources were of recycled nature and rock fragment populations in the EAB revealed clasts of limestones, sandstones and volcanic nature only matching with the MAM. The Barremian-Aptian fluvial being sourced from a source-tosink system of moderate size (200-300 km long) with an exclusive or dominant source located in the MAM (western High Atlas) provides the best fit explanation matching with each individual dataset. This likely provided a sand-rich mix of sediment resulting from the erosion of Triassic continental basins, with associated clays resulting from the weathering of basalts and Triassic /Jurassic mudstones.


The study aims to investigate the numerical (CFD) modeling of a 35 mm square body size 352-pin Tape Ball Grid Array (TBGA) Package, and the experimental validation of the same. The impact on the numerical model of various parameters is considered, including the spreader plate shape, the die-to-package interconnect, tape/trace layer, and the solder balls. It is shown that the TAB ILB (inner lead bond) and trace layer do have an impact on the accuracy of the model due to the high thermal resistance of the die attach material used. The conclusions from the sensitivity study are used to define the final numerical model for the 352 TBGA. This model is then simulated for three environmental conditions (natural convection and forced convection at 1 and 2 m/s) on a 4-layer test board. Finally, a 2-resistor compact model of the 352 TBGA is created based on the computational equivalent of the JEDEC standard approach. The performance of the 2-Resistor model is compared to the detailed model.


The carbonate fuel cell is projected to achieve the performance, life and cost goals necessary for application to base load electrical power generation. The implications of recently completed long-term endurance testing are described, as is progress in corrosion control. The status of work directed toward low-cost cell materials is summarized. 2 refs.


The thematic treatment of the COVID19 coronavirus mitigation efforts often focuses on epidemiological topics, medical issues, politics, coping mechanisms/technologies or economics but this writing seeks to integrate the economic, political, and international dimensions of the response into an area studies framework, utilizing multidisciplinary eclecticism found in East Asian Studies to analyse the topic. It does not pretend to be comprehensive in its analyses but seeks to summarize, survey and curate regionally the measures taken to date to combat and contain the pandemic. Interpretive work is carried out on newest updated developments as they are reported in the international media. These articles show a functionalist and constructivist framework and trends in inter-regional cooperation between China and ASEAN. Out of the global efforts, two countries/region stand out and contribute to the common humankind fight as well and they are the subject of this paper. China and ASEAN were two outstanding contributors to the global pandemic-mitigation efforts, along with the US, EU and Japan as well as the rest of the world. ASEAN featured high in Beijing's narratives in that the Southeast Asian states were supportive of China's COVID-19 mitigation measures. It is worthwhile to note that China and ASEAN countries had some of the best sterling performers in the world's fight against COVID-19. The functional and constructivist cooperation takes the form of vital supply provision (the most commonly cited items are masks, hazmat suits and disinfectants). Intensification of utilitarian exchanges in COVID-19 mitigation can encourage inter-dependence between regional nations, increasing sharing of resources to deal with common challenges while reducing tensions and conflicts between neighbours. A policy recommendation concluding section based on incremental extrapolation of what can be achieved in the technological field through possible cooperation between the two entities (ASEAN and China) is added at the end of the writing.


Before tampering with or speculating about food myths and taboos (Levi-Strauss 1969) we must know, in biochemical-nutritional context, what enables a culture to survive. Poor food often spells poor, even disastrous, response to infectious disease. In turn, poor response to infectious disease impairs food procurement, whether by hunting and fishing or by agriculture—thus, a vicious cycle. Only over the past century has research illuminated the biochemical prerequisites of a successful response to both challenges.


The fear briefly became reality in the U.S. after 9/11 , as man-made anthrax spores were found in letters and in east coast post offices on a number of occasions. Anthrax attacks must be related to the terrorist attacks of September 11. These two accidents changed the situation completely. Characteristics are summarized as belows. First, it is necessary for all countries to create each own appropriate countermeasures against bioterrorism. In addition, it is urgent to consider countermeasures focusing on bioterror characteristics that terrorists may use biological agents because they can be extremely difficult to detect and do not cause illness for several hours to several days. Otherwise, those attacks will also show the panic and very real danger posed by the release of such toxins on an unsuspecting public. Second, it is crucial to manage the result thoroughly. A biological weapon is useful to a terrorist group mainly as a method of creating mass panic and disruption to a society. Because it is not easy to predict and collect information about how terrorists utilize pathogenic microbe as well as terror measures in their activities, more realistic approach should be taken to reduce damage. Third, to expand investment in research and development is necessary. Considering advances in microbiology and genetic engineering lately, it is likely that new pathogenic microbe would be created by the enemy. For that matter, it is imperative that medical countermeasures should be devised.


: The current research is a spectroscopic study of Coumarin 334 dissolved in methanol. The range of concentrations of the prepared stock solution was (3.39x10 -9 to 2.03x10 -8 ) M. Some optical characteristics of this dye were investigated such as absorbance and transmission spectra, absorption coefficient, refractive and extinction coefficients, oscillation and dispersion energies, and energy band gap. The absorbance spectra were recorded at 452 nm using Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) which depends on increasing the path length of the traveling light from the source to the detector. The minimum absorbance amount was 0.07 with a low concentration of 3.39x10 -9 M. As a result, the other optical properties were calculated on the basis of the lowest values of absorbance. The energy band gap, which is important to detect the electronic band structure of the material, was determined; it was found to be equal to ~2.55 eV. The low values of the concentration made less collision between the molecules in the materials and the incident light. This led to a reduction in the background noise and in the percentages of losses. Furthermore, the dispersion and single oscillator energies, which help to calculate the average strength of the inter-band optical transitions and to prepare the quantifiable information about the band structure of the material, were calculated to reduce with the increasing concentrations. The refractive and extinction coefficients were determined because they are considered important factors for the optical materials and found to increase with the increasing concentrations. As a result, the study of the optical behavior of Coumarin 334 highlighted the promising materials for photonics applications at very low concentrations. All these properties are considered the main factors to determine the usefulness of the materials in advanced applications and to develop the performance of the devices which depend on the optical characteristics.


Cationic diimine Ru(II) complexes were synthesized and tested as catalysts for the formation of cyclic organic carbonates from CO2 and liquid epoxides (propylene oxide, epichlorohydrine, 1,2-epoxybutane and styrene oxide) which served as both reactant and solvent. The reaction rates not only depended on the type of ligand, but also on reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, base, the epoxide substrates and the use of an additional solvent. Reaction rates in terms of turnover frequencies up to 4050 molproduct molcat.−1 h−1 at 99% selectivity were achieved by optimizing the diimine ligand as well as the reaction temperature and CO2 pressure. Consistent with CV measurements, the electron donating group on the p-position of the aryl ring accelerated the reaction rate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACT The challenges facing higher education continue to mount. The shifting of the U.S. ethnic and racial demographics, the proliferation of advanced digital technologies and data, and the move from traditional degrees to continuous learning platforms have created an unstable environment to which Christian higher education must adapt in order to remain viable and ultimately to thrive. Courageous leadership is needed to confront a mindset of scarcity and address the resistance created by a tendency to protect the status quo. By challenging existing assumptions and searching for deep, adaptive solutions, Christian colleges and universities can maintain their unique distinctive as they reimagine their approach to education. This article ends with an imaginative look at the future of faith-based higher education.


As the new Congress begins to examine the National Security Agency's (nsa) Terrorist Surveillance Program, it needs reminding that the existing mechanisms, in particular the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (fisa), are no longer adequate and must be updated. The act's provisions simply did not anticipate the nature of the current threat to national security, nor did they anticipate the development of global communication networks or advanced technical methods for intelligence gathering. These developments challenge existing policy but they do not justify abandoning long-held bedrock principles of democracy nor even require a new balance between security and liberty. Rather, existing oversight and control mechanisms (including fisa) or their analogues can be applied in these novel, technologically enabled times, but only if challenges are better understood.


The development of Internet led to the development of IP-based Internet applications,including video downloads.However,the traditional video download service mainly uses C/S mode,in which the server connect to each client by unicast method.With the rapid increase of clients,bandwidth and other resources of the server are consumed very quickly.P2P technology as a solution to solve these problems,becomes more and more popular.This paper puts forward two algorithms,sorting of download and playing control.Subsequently based on the open source software JTorrent,the system is changed to suitable for streaming media transmission.


A study conducted by Indias Jawaharlal Institute in 1990-91 illustrated the utility of the qualitative rapid assessment method in elaborating womens perceptions of their health. Respondents included 14 clients from an urban health center serving Kuruchikuppam and Vazhakulam; an additional 26 women were recruited from a rural health center situated in Ramanathapuram village. Respondents were asked first to list the names of illnesses that afflicted women in their area and second to group the illnesses. The 40 women generated a total of 94 illnesses in the free listing exercise (average of 8.8 items/woman) which can be used by community health workers as a glossary of local terms. The four most frequently cited illnesses (in both urban and rural samples) were fever white vaginal discharge tuberculosis and headache. The illnesses were grouped both in terms of a sequencing of events (e.g. cough fever headache tuberculosis) or associated symptoms (e.g. white discharge abdominal pain and painful menstruation). Although vaginal discharge was widespread many women indicated they were ashamed to report this condition to a male doctor. Thus. physicians should be alerted to the finding of the clustering exercise that women may use related conditions such as abdominal pain to indirectly indicate the presence of vaginal discharge.


Abstract Since the inception of the Zionist movement in the 1890s, Zionist‐Palestinian relations have been characterized by a long and continuous conflict. A dominant perspective through which these relations have been articulated is modernization. Zionism and the Jewish population in Palestine/Israel have been presented as a modernizing agent; they assist the Palestinians in progressing from backwardness to modernity. This article traces the origins of this discourse, identifies its assumptions, internal rules and structure. Moreover, it demonstrates the articulation of this discourse in various fields of knowledge, and explores the relations between this discourse and a Marxist concept of ideology. It also examines the causes which made reproduction of this discourse possible over a long period of time.


Post Processing is one of the important modules in CAD/CAM system and it is the key in automatically numerical control programmed technologies.This article introduces the research source,status and development trend of Post Processing.It expatiates the significance of Post Processing development and proposes some solutions.The collocation and the development of effective Post Processing program are important to solve the bottlenecks from design to manufacturing,and to improve the program efficiency and machining reliability.


Uses of IC technologies in natural situations: an e thnomethodological approach of activity spaces hybridization . Like other IC technologies, mobile phones are «made at home with the world» (Sacks) through a contextual work, by which users either keep their technological-mediate d activity in isolation from their surroundings or find and build connections between them. Because they use audio re- cords or logs of the mediated exchanges, classical studies on remote communication, either on Internet or on landline or mobile phones, have often neglected how these mediated exchanges are visually kept in isolation f rom their surroundings, or are be- coming a part of the proximal setting. Based on vide o records of phone conversations, either synchronous and vocal, or asynchronous and written, this paper will investigate how the structure of these activities in progress s hapes its participation frameworks, and how proximal participants, through their contri bution and orientations to the


U NTIL the late 1970s, physicians had very little choice in medications for the control of pain. Aspirin and the aniline group of drugs (acetanilid, phenacetin, and acetaminophen) as well as antipyrine, aininopyrine, and related drugs were used for the control of mild pain, and narcotictype analgesics (e.g., morphine, codeine, and meperidine) were used for clinical conditions associated with moderate to severe pain as well as being used as adjunctive drugs in anesthesia. Because of the relatively weak efficacy of compounds such as aspirin and acetaminophen, the major search during the last 75 years has been for a better morphine without harmful side effects.' Improvements in oral efficacy and duration of action have been obtained, but little progress has been made toward separating the analgesic effects of narcotic-type drugs from their side effects, especially physical dependence and tolerance. The discovery of the mixed agonist-antagonist narcotics revealed for the first time that dependence liability could be minimized from a drug of this type. Unfortunately, new side effects, mainly psychotomimetic in nature, have thus far precluded the widespread use of this group of drugs. A second line of analgesic research involved attempted improvements with the aspirin-like drugs. Although thought to be less promising by many, this approach has led to a new generation of analgesics whose clinical usefulness is only now beginning to be appreciated.


.........................................................................p.3 Introduction.....................................................................p.4 Methods The one-prey species model........................................p.8 The two-prey species model.........................................p.9 Simulations...............................................................p.11 Statistical analysis of time-series Periodicity........................................................p.13 Changes in amplitude.........................................p.14 Peak symmetry.................................................p.14 Inter-specific synchrony.......................................p.14 Results One-prey-one-predator model.......................................p.15 Two-prey-one-predator model.......................................p.16 Cycle period......................................................p.18 Changes in amplitude..........................................p.19 Peak symmetry..................................................p.21 Inter-specific synchrony.......................................p.23 Discussion.........................................................................p.24 Conclusion.........................................................................p.29 References.........................................................................p.30 Appendix............................................................................p.34


A COMMITT E E of staff members of the Family Service Division of the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities met for two hours every two weeks from January 27 to June 2, 1939, for the purpose of arriving at a clear statement of the principles on which agency money is given to families receiving public relief. The cases studied were chosen from the active load in the month of January, 1939, and included only those in which regular planned supplementation was given. The method of study required each member to collect the case material from her district and distribute it in condensed form to the group before each meeting. This material was studied particularly in relation to the following three points: (1) What did the family ask for? (2) Why did the worker give the money? (3) What understanding did the family have of our giving? Although there was consideration of the individual cases, discussion was mainly in terms of the general principles involved in the relief giving. The public relief categories were Department of Welfare (general assistance), WPA, and Board of Child Welfare (aid to dependent children). The Department of Welfare cases fell roughly into the following categories: (1) About half the cases were those in which we supplemented for expense incidental to school. (2) To another group we gave relief during the period when the family was establishing eligibility for DW. This often entailed more than emergency relief during the pending period; frequently it was decided that a client needed help in meeting DW requirements and accepting the fact that he needed to apply for help. Maintenance relief was sometimes given during this period of readjustment. (3) We helped another group where there was lowering of living standards and money was given in the hope of preserving some important values of family life through keeping up some of the past standards. (4) In another group we helped either individuals or family units to separate and establish different living arrangements. ( 5) We sometimes met special health needs not covered by the DW budget.


The basic theory of Traveler Satisfaction and partial least-square(PLS)were introduced.Then,the civil aviation traveler satisfaction evaluation model is given according to the civil aviation enterprise characteristic and made an example to validate the theoretic model.Then the values of level two indices traveler satisfaction and traveler loyalty are computed and briefly analyzed.PLS successfully solve the multi-correlation problems among the indices,which indicates that the traveler satisfaction index computed are better and more reasonable.


What happened to the word "change?" I have recently completed four really enjoyable days of training in Liverpool and what the training has left me thinking about, amongst many other things, (including how much I like the city of Liverpool, of course), is the small word "change." In fact, I have come to realize just how uncomfortable I feel with the word.


Model comparisons are an important exercise to gain new hydrological insight from the diversity in our communities hydrological models. Current practice in model comparison studies is to have each model be run by the creator/representative of that model and combine the results of all these model runs in a single analysis.

In this work we present the first major model comparison done within the eWaterCycle Open Hydrological Platform. eWaterCycle is a platform for doing hydrological experiments where hydrological models are accessed as objects from an (online) Jupyter notebook experiment environment. Through the use of GRPC4BMI and containers, (pre-existing and newly made) models in any programming language can be used, without diving into the code of those models. This makes eWaterCycle ideally suited to compare (and couple) models with widely different model setups: conceptual versus distributed for example. eWaterCycle is FAIR by design: any eWaterCycle experiment should be reproducible by anyone without the support of the original model developer. This will make it easier for hydrologists to work with each other's models and speed up the cycle of hydrological knowledge generation.

In this comparison we’re looking at the impact of the new ERA5 dataset over the older ERA-Interim dataset as a forcing for hydrological models. A key component in making hydrological experiments reproducible and transparent in eWaterCycle is the use of EMSValTool as a pre-processor for hydrological experiments. Using EMSValTool’s recipes structure ensures that model specific input files based on ERA5 or ERA-Interim are all handled identically where possible and that model specific operations are clearly and transparently defined.

We have run 7 models or model-suites (LISFlood, MARRMoT, WFLOW, HYPE, PCRGlobWB 2.0, SUMMA, HBV) for 6 basins forced with both ERA5 and ERA-Interim and compared model outputs against GRDC discharge observations. From this broad comparison we will conclude what the impact of ERA5 over ERA-Interim will be for hydrological modelling in the foreseeable future.


In a randomised, cross‐over study, we compared the use of the Airtraq®, Airway Scope and Macintosh laryngoscopes by paramedics for tracheal intubation in three simulated prehospital scenarios. Fifty‐four paramedics were invited to take part. When evaluated in a difficult airway manikin, median IQR [range] time to intubation with the Airtraq (21 (16–37 [6–80] s) and Airway Scope (16 (5–75 [12–23] s) was shorter than that with the Macintosh laryngoscope (39 (25–54 [7–120] s; p < 0.0001). The success rate within 30 s was greater with the Airtraq (61%) and Airway Scope (93%) than with the Macintosh laryngoscope (22%; p < 0.0001). When used for a standard intubation and in the sitting position, we found minimal differences among the three laryngoscopes. We conclude that the Airway Scope and Airtraq have significant advantages over the Macintosh laryngoscope and that of the two, the Airway Scope is the more effective device to use in the prehospital environment.


Abstract. In a prospective study over 2 years, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured serially in thirty‐eight patients with various types of necrotizing systemic vasculitis. The CRP concentration was always elevated in patients with active vasculitis and fell rapidly in association with clinical remission induced by immunosuppression. During periods of complete remission, in the absence of any intercurrent condition, the value remained within the normal range. In contrast the sedimentation rate responded more slowly to changes in disease activity and did not necessarily reflect the level of inflammation at a particular time. These results, together with the commercial availability of rapid and precise assays for CRP, indicate that serial measurement of the serum CRP fills the urgent need for an objective index of the activity of the systemic vasculitides and their response to therapy.


Tics are one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Major role in the etiology of the disease plays a lack of work dopaminergic system, which leads to impaired attention, self-control and behavioral inhibition, reduced control of motor activity and the appearance of excessive, uncontrolled movements. Under the influence of levetiracetam, probably there is a change of neurotransmitter systems with stimulation of inhibitory mechanisms, which leads to rapid clinical and neurophysiological effects.


This is an explicit contribution —in relation with previous studies— to the debates about historical republicanism and political cultures. The author starts off the reflections concerning the characteristics into scientifical-historical debate, extending it for theoretical and methodological renovation of the analysis of historical agents and their social practices. Paying special methodological attention to the theory of the action based on the denominated practical reasons , it is carried out a theoretical clarification on the language , discourse , political cultures and social mobilization concepts. After these are developed analytically so in the study of the making of the spanish political cultures and social movements with a republican tradition in the nineteenth-century, as in the interpretation of their social practices.


We introduce an operational and statistically meaningful measure, the quantum tomographic transfer function, that possesses important physical invariance properties for judging whether a given informationally complete quantum measurement performs better tomographically in quantum-state estimation relative to other informationally complete measurements. This function is independent of the unknown true state of the quantum source, and is directly related to the average optimal tomographic accuracy of an unbiased state estimator for the measurement in the limit of many sampling events. For the experimentally-appealing minimally complete measurements, the transfer function is an extremely simple formula. We also give an explicit expression for this transfer function in terms of an ordered expansion that is readily computable and illustrate its usage with numerical simulations, and its consistency with some known results.


Before the 2016/17 season, the International Ski Federation conducted major changes to its starting lottery, which defines the starting order in advance of each race of the speed disciplines. As part of this change, the top seeded athletes from then on were able to pick a starting position. Therefore, the aim of this study is two-folded. First, we explored the pick behavior of the top athletes and analyzed if they were able to identify favorable starting positions. Second, we investigated the influence of the rule change on competitive balance. Our sample consisted of 322 races with 17,725 individual performances of the seasons 2011/2012 to 2020/2021 and all our analysis were run separately for Women's Downhill, Women's Super G, Men's Downhill and Men's Super G. We could show that for all disciplines and both genders athletes heavily preferred to start around starting position 7. To start from such positions only led to significantly better rankings in Men's Super G (z = 2.04, p = .041), but common language effect size showed the same trend for Women's Super G (CL: 51.9%) as well as Men's (CL: 53.3%) and Women's Downhill (CL: 53.6%) competitions. In addition, male starters seeded among the top 7 performed significantly better after the rule change (Downhill: z = 2.95, p = .002; Super G: z = 2.89, p = .002), whereas they performed worse in Women's Super G (z = -2.77, p = .005). Our findings indicate that there is a change in competitive balance for men's competitions but not for women's competitions. In addition, combining these findings with the detected picking preferences of the top athletes, we conclude our work with suggestions for further adaptions of the starting lottery.


The focus of the article points on the three pillars that support good governance are an unshakeable moral basis, a commitment to openness in all dealings, and a code of conduct that emphasizes effectiveness in all actions. In this study, the descriptive approach was utilized to describe the socio-economic profiles of the executives of the Local Government Units as well as the leadership styles they employed. Interviews guided by a standardized survey questionnaire served as the medium for gathering the necessary information and data for analysis. According to the findings of the survey, these qualities include command responsibility, being easy to work with, being honest, having commitment and determination, and being able to make independent decisions. These are the characteristics that set an effective and efficient leader apart from other possible candidates for leadership positions. The characteristic of leadership that has the most impact on the choices voters make about candidates for public office. This suggests that the respondents are against graft and corruption being used in the process of providing the services to the customers.


This essay considers the role of family photographs in postcolonial life writing. Focusing on memoirs by Hanif Kureishi, Michael Ondaatje and Edward Said, this essay examines how photography plays a key role in registering, and at times dramatising, the struggles of postcolonial subjects in writing about their childhoods and familial relationships. I argue that the narrativisation of photography—of taking, posing and looking at photographs—is a significant recurring trope in recent postcolonial life writing, and that the appearance of photographs draws attention to the memory work being performed in life writing texts. In all three cases, the family is imagined as an empire in microcosm, with the author's relationship with his father given particular attention. Finally, I consider how family photographs are implicated in father-son narratives of affiliation and disaffiliation in these memoirs.


BACKGROUND
In the practice of oncology, effective communication between physician and patient is very important. Although many studies have indicated that a large majority of physicians, especially from Western countries, tell the truth about diagnosis and prognosis, little is known about attitudes of physicians in Turkey toward truth-telling.

OBJECTIVE
In this study, we tried to determine the truth-telling practice of physicians and explore potential related factors with a self-reported questionnaire.

DESIGN
Using a questionnaire, 131 cancer specialists were interviewed during the 15th National Oncology Meeting in April 2003.

RESULTS
The percentage of physicians who never, rarely, generally, and always prefer truthtelling about a cancer diagnosis were 9%, 39%, 45%, and 7%, respectively. In univariate logistic regression analysis for the truth-telling practice, significant variables included "do not tell" requests from family, experiences from medical training and clinical practice, and medical specialty. In the multivariate analysis, "do not tell" requests from relatives and medical training factors retained their significance.

CONCLUSION
Professional training in breaking bad news is important and is associated with the self-reported truth-telling practices of physicians.


Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method using Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O and(NH4)6Mo7O24 · 4H2O as raw materials.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectra(UV-vis).The results show that the surfactant has a significant influence on the morphology of Bi2MoO6.The results also show that different surfactants and different solvents have significant influence on the morphologies of Bi2MoO6,but they do not influence the crystal structure of the samples.The non-calcined sample has a larger surface area than the calcined sample.The Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts enhance the photocatalytic activities for degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation.The result displays that the diameter and the thickness of the samples with schistose texture are 432nm and 61nm,respectively,and its photocatalytic performance is more efficient than that of the sample which looks likea little round balls with lots of fluffs.


Structural problems are examined with pairing two chambers, one selected by election and the other by sortition, into a traditional bicameral system. It is argued that an all-purpose legislative chamber modeled on existing elected chambers is a mismatch for sortition and that purported benefits of maintaining partisan elections alongside sortition are illusory. Alleged benefits of a hybrid bicameral system are shown to be outweighed by a variety of harmful effects. Furthermore, even if those harms are not substantiated, the continued existence of an elected chamber will likely result in the delimitation of the sortition chamber. Combining many different sorts of minipublics with different characteristics and functions is preferable, and a possible multibody sortition legislative system is presented. Finally, an alternative way forward for sortition is proposed by peeling away individual topic areas from elected bodies and transferring them to sortition bodies.


Objectives Arterial stiffness is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is severe form of chronic venous disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to investigate arterial stiffness by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in patients with CVI. Methods This observational and cross-sectional study involved 87 subjects with CVI and 86 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent ultrasonography examination. CAVI was measured by VaSera-1000 CAVI instrument. Results High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) was significantly lower in patients with CVI than controls (46.83 ± 9.25 mg/dl vs 51.33 ± 11.13 mg/dl, p = 0.004). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in CVI patients than controls (28.53 ± 4.10 kg/m2 vs 26.37 ± 5.16 kg/m2, p = 0.003). Ankle brachial index (ABI) was significantly lower in patients with CVI compared to controls (1.08 ± 0.08 vs 1.14 ± 0.11, p < 0.001). CAVI was significantly higher in patients with CVI than controls (7.94 ± 1.37 vs 6.73 ± 1.16, p < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher in patients with CVI than control group (105.41 ± 10.77 mmHg vs 99.70 ± 11.17 mmHg, p = 0.001). CAVI (p < 0.001, Odds ratio (OR) = 2.033, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.493–2.768), ABI (p = 0.003, OR = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.001–0.137), female sex (p < 0.001, OR = 3.949, 95% CI = 1.613–9.663), and HDL (p < 0.001, OR = 0.923, 95% CI = 0.883–0.964) were the independent predictors of CVI. A CAVI value > 7.9 had a sensitivity 64.4% and a specificity of 94.7% for predicting the presence of CVI in ROC analysis (area under curve = 0.791, 95% CI = 0.723–0.849, p < 0.001). Conclusion CAVI is independently increased in CVI patients. Therefore CVI may be accepted a form of vascular sclerosis and vascular system should be evaluated in continuum not isolated.


Skin comprises the largest organ of human body with over 20 vital physiological function one of which is a physical barrier to withstand pressure and trauma, It protects the body from pollution, radiation, sunlight, helps to regulate temperature, fluid balance, and excretion. Also involving endocrine function through the production of cholecalciferol by epidermis. People with sensitive skin are prone to get irritation, and products with chemicals, other strange often leave skin feeling dry, red, and sore. This survey was planned to gauge opinion and receive feedback from people of various age group in order to have a report of public knowledge regarding natural skin care drugs. It was planned to obtain statistics of public knowledge of skin health and create awareness amongst people to follow skin care routine and maintain it. The questionnaire designed to understand impact of plants in our day-to-day life. The survey was successfully conducted between 130-134 People. As the survey focuses on taking immediate instinct, 57.9% of participants prefer direct application of plant/herb home remedies whereas 39.1% choose organic marketed creams. Aloe vera, turmeric, tomato, dry coriander are easily available drugs and thus following the subtly made method of application.


A procedure is describcd for the mass determination of mercury in electrolytie cells used for the production of chlorine. A standard isotope dilution test is used whereby the background of the mercury in each cell is determined, an aliquot of /sup 197/Hg added, thorough mixing allowed, and samples then counted to determine the mass in each cell. Special techniques are described to obtain the desired accuracy. (AT)


The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of native fresh fish sold in the main supermarket chains in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Five commercial establishments were sampled by collecting six fish from each, totaling 30 fish, which were evaluated for their sensory, physicochemical, and microbiological properties. The temperature of the samples at the commercial establishment varied between 0.7°C and 7.9°C, reaching inadequate storage values. Sensorially, intermediate quality characteristics were observed. The physicochemical parameters were expressed according to the Brazilian legislation, with pH values ranging from 6.17 to 6.43 and total volatile basic nitrogen values ranging from 5.85 to 14.62 mgN∙100g−1. However, there were counts of up to 1.7 × 107 CFU∙mL−1 for the coagulase-positive Staphylococci, and >1.1 × 103 NPM∙mL−1 for coliforms at 45°C, which are both higher than the limits tolerated by the current Brazilian legislation and literature. It was concluded that the physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological analyses presented contradictory results, because of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the guarantee of the quality and safety of fish should be the responsibility of commercial establishments, as the consumer does not have adequate tools for this at the time of purchase.


Sizes of the through-channels in permeable microporous polyethylene (PE) films were determined from the through flow velocity of a nonwetting liquid (ethanol: water (30: 70)) through a PE membrane in a filtration cell. The film samples were manufactured by melt extrusion, followed by annealing, uniaxial drawing, and thermal fixing. For every sample, the largest size of the through-channels was determined and the size, number, and size distribution of the through pores were calculated as a function of the parameters controlling porous structure formation. The degree of melt orientation during extrusion and the drawing rate and draw ratio during processing of as-annealed samples (the major parameters of porous structure formation) are essential for the density of through-channels and their largest size, whereas the position of the peak in the channel size distribution is only low sensitive responsive to variations of the specified parameters. The results are matched with electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry data.


We propose preventive learning as the first framework to guarantee Deep Neural Network (DNN) solution feasibility for optimization problems with linear constraints without post-processing, upon satisfying a mild condition on constraint calibration. Without loss of generality, we focus on problems with only inequality constraints. We systematically calibrate the inequality constraints used in training, thereby anticipating DNN prediction errors and ensuring the obtained solutions remain feasible. We characterize the calibration rate and a critical DNN size, based on which we can directly construct a DNN with provable solution feasibility guarantee. We further propose an Adversarial-Sample Aware training algorithm to improve its optimality performance. We apply the framework to develop DeepOPF+ for solving essential DC optimal power flow problems in grid operation. Simulation results over IEEE test cases show that it outperforms existing strong DNN baselines in ensuring 100% feasibility and attaining consistent optimality loss ( < 0.19%) and speedup (up to × 228) in both light-load and heavy-load regimes, as compared to a state-of-the-art solver. We also apply our framework to a non-convex problem and show its performance advantage over existing schemes.


Introduction: A reliable method of intradialysis calcium mass balance quantification is far from been established. We herein investigated the use of a single‐pool variable‐volume Calcium kinetic model to assess calcium mass balance in chronic and stable dialysis patients.


Water is an important part of nature. Interactively simulating large areas of flowing water would be a welcome addition to many virtual worlds, but the simulation is computationally demanding. Another problem is combining the simulation with rigid bodies, which are the most common interaction solution in virtual worlds. Heightfield water simulation is fast, but is especially hard to couple with rigid bodies: Usually water simply flows through the bodies. We propose a method that generalizes the extremely fast virtual pipe method to handle large, dynamic bodies. Our method diverts water around the objects. This enables us, for example, to dynamically build and destroy dams on rivers in a large virtual world.


Human mobility data has been ubiquitously collected through cellular networks and mobile applications, and publicly released for academic research and commercial purposes for the last decade. Since releasing individual's mobility records usually gives rise to privacy issues, datasets owners tend to only publish aggregated mobility data, such as the number of users covered by a cellular tower at a specific timestamp, which is believed to be sufficient for preserving users' privacy. However, in this paper, we argue and prove that even publishing aggregated mobility data could lead to privacy breach in individuals' trajectories. We develop an attack system that is able to exploit the uniqueness and regularity of human mobility to recover individual's trajectories from the aggregated mobility data without any prior knowledge. By conducting experiments on two real-world datasets collected from both mobile application and cellular network, we reveal that the attack system is able to recover users' trajectories with accuracy about 73%~91% at the scale of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands users, which indicates severe privacy leakage in such datasets. Through the investigation on aggregated mobility data, our work recognizes a novel privacy problem in publishing statistic data, which appeals for immediate attentions from both academy and industry.


Mat nonwoven fibers as semifinished product comprising at least a first fiber of a high performance thermoplastic such as fusible fiber with a fiber length of 0, 1 mm to 30 mm with a weight ratio of 30% to 90%, and at least one second reinforcing fiber of a high-performance material with a fiber length of 0, 1 mm to 30 mm, the thermal stability is greater than that of the fusible fiber, with a weight ratio 10% to 70%, the fusible fiber being connected and at least one reinforcing fiber only in the crossing points or contact points with 1 to 10 percent by weight of a binder and, being the proportions by weight based on the total formulation mat nonwoven fabric fibers, with the requirement that the fiber length of the fusible fiber is lower than that of the reinforcing fiber and mat nonwoven fabric fibers present one


Elastic metamaterials are sub-wavelength structures with locally resonant components that contribute to the rise of tunable stop bands, i.e. frequency ranges within which waves do not propagate. A new approach is presented here to quantify this stop band behavior by evaluating structural vibrational power in the different constituents of locally resonant metamaterials undergoing axial excitations. It is shown that the power flow patterns match wave propagation information extracted from the dispersion analysis of the metamaterial unit cell, and can thus be used to develop an algorithm that numerically predicts stop band frequencies for finite realizations with given dimensions and a known number of cells.


It is obvious that the results of exploratory onshore efforts in the last decade--which have been directed toward structural anomalies--have not been generally successful. Yet, the industry continues to neglect the purposeful search for stratigraphic and paleogeomorphic traps even though some of the largest oil and gas fields in the world are in such reservoirs. As explorationists it is our responsibility to originate new ideas, new methods, and arrive at a decisive "breakthrough" of some kind to discover these so-called subtle traps. Because these traps occur in a great variety of possible geologic environments--such as relic shorelines, channels, deltas, lagoons, river and stream beds, buried overlaps and onlaps, and in other ancient topography--ranging in size from inc nsequential to supergiant--the industry is shirking its duty to the nation if it does not embark immediately on an extensive and concentrated effort to focus all of its exploration know-how toward searching for and finding the large petroleum reserves which surely exist in these subtle traps. End_of_Article - Last_Page 341------------


This Colloquium will provide an opportunity for participants to explore largely unchartered territory. It offers valuable insights into the real-life challenges facing first-time distance learners and the difficulties for tertiary institutions in meeting students' needs in today's digitally connected and socially wired world. The Colloquium is framed in the wider context of growing concerns about attrition and completion rates of distance learners and is informed by a joint Massey University and Charles Sturt University research project designed to investigate the experiences of first-time distance learners from their own perspectives. It will be hosted by the project leader, Professor Mark Brown who has 20 years of leadership experience in distance education.


Chlorophyll was extracted from the obsolete soybean shells by ultrasonic.The effects of solvent,concentration of ethanol,the ratio of material to solvent(g·mL~(-1)),ultrasonic time and temperature on extraction rate,were investigated by single factor and orthogonal tests,then the demonstration and stability experiments were carried out.The optimal conditions were obtained as follow:absolute ethanol,the ration of material to solvent of 1:20(g·mL~(-1)),ultrasonic temperature of 70℃,and ultrasonic time of 40min.The chlorophyll was unstable in the extraction.


In this paper, we present the Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging process for low squint angle case in stripmap mode. We describe the entire SAR image reconstruction procedure.
We then use experimental data gathered from RADARSAT-1 satellite of Vancouver, Canada and reconstruct the SAR image and show the results.


Recent work in the robotics community has lead to the emergence of cloud-based solutions and remote clients. Such work allows robots to effectively distribute complex computations across multiple machines, and allows remote clients, both human and automata, to control robots across the globe. With the increasing use and importance of such ideas, it is crucial not to overlook the critical issue of security in these systems. In this work, we discuss the use of web tokens for achieving secure authentication for remote, non-native clients in the widely-used Robot Operating System (ROS) middleware. Written in a system-independent manner, we demonstrate its use with an application for securing clients within the popular rosbridge protocol.


By distance learning we understand an educational situation in which a teacher and his/her students are not placed in one physical environment. Distance learning was first applied in the 19 century and has undergone a long way of technological improvement. It has become indispensable in the time of global pandemic. It is characterized by both advantages and challenges, and, correspondingly, in normal situations is used by adults for additional education or at any level /age in combination with traditional face-to-face education. The goal of this paper is to assess how ready we turned out to be to involuntary, caused by extreme situation of coronavirus, switching over to distance learning. The article presents results obtained from six countries – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Nigeria, UK, and Ukraine as well as some views of educators from several other countries. Although the samples were not representative by number of the research populations, they tried to take into consideration the strata involved (school/university teachers, younger than 30, 31-50, older than 50), in order to be trustworthy. The conclusion made is that the trend is that we (at least, in many countries, or many of us) are still rather far from ready to carry out so often declared and advertised distance learning with optimal efficiency and much work is needed to be able to switch to high-quality distance education.


Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are gaining widespread momentum in the field of neuromorphic computing. These network systems integrated with neurons and synapses provide computational efficiency by mimicking the human brain. It is desired to incorporate the biological neuronal dynamics, including complex spiking patterns which represent diverse brain activities within the neural networks. Earlier hardware realization of neurons was (a) area intensive because of large capacitors in the circuit design, (b) neuronal spiking patterns were demonstrated with clocked neurons at the device level. To achieve more realistic biological neuron spiking behavior, emerging memristive devices are considered promising alternatives. In this paper, we propose, PrMnO3 (PMO)-resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device-based neuron. The voltage-controlled electrothermal timescales of the compact PMO RRAM device replace the electrical timescales of charging a large capacitor. The electrothermal timescale is used to implement an integration block with multiple voltage-controlled timescales coupled with a refractory block to generate biological neuronal dynamics. Here, first, a Verilog-A implementation of the thermal device model is demonstrated, which captures the current-temperature dynamics of the PMO device. Second, a driving circuitry is designed to mimic different spiking patterns of cortical neurons, including intrinsic bursting and chattering. Third, a neuron circuit model is simulated, which includes the PMO RRAM device model and the driving circuitry to demonstrate the asynchronous neuron behavior. Finally, a hardware-software hybrid analysis is done in which the PMO RRAM device is experimentally characterized to mimic neuron spiking dynamics. The work presents a realizable and more biologically comparable hardware-efficient solution for large-scale SNNs.


The Meso‐Tethys Ocean is generally considered to have opened in the late Early Permian as a result of the Cimmerian continental block drifting away from the Gondwana supercontinent. This ocean is also termed the north branch of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean, and is now represented by the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone in the north‐central Tibetan plateau. However, it is still unknown for the evolutionary history for as such a huge ancient ocean basin.


The following sections are included:IntroductionResearch DesignApplication of FRAProfitability AnalysisImplications for Marketing StrategiesThe Limits of this Paper and Future Research TopicsReferences


The off-diagonal magnetoimpedance in field-annealed CoFeSiB amorphous ribbons was measured in the low-frequency range using a pick-up coil wound around the sample. The asymmetric two-peak behavior of the field dependence of the off-diagonal impedance was observed. The asymmetry is attributed to the formation of a hard magnetic crystalline phase at the ribbon surface. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of the surface impedance tensor. It is assumed that the ribbon consists of an inner amorphous region and surface crystalline layers. The coupling between the crystalline and amorphous phases is described through an effective bias field. A qualitative agreement between the calculated dependences and experimental data is demonstrated. The results obtained may be useful for development of weak magnetic-field sensors.


HYPOGLYCEMIC: REACTIONS in diabetic patients receiving insulin or in patients harboring pancreatic adenomas are occasionally associated with hemiparesis or focal seizures.1 Such neurologic deficits may be promptly reversed by giving glucose. Meyer and Portnoyl showed that, while a cat or monkey might have little impairment after middle cerebral artery ligation, hemiplegia would ensue upon the induction of hypoglycemia. Administration of glucose resulted in recovery. The current investigation was suggested by this cliriical and experimental evidence that hypoglycemia can disclose cerebral lesions producing few overt signs. I t was decided to induce a hypoglycemic state in patients suspected of having cerebral disease, and it was hoped that early signs of such disease might be detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring.


Spirit of the northeast anti-Japanese union was innovated and formed by the northeast anti-Japanese unified army under the Chinese Communist Party's leadership over the 14-year anti-Japanese war. Such a spirit is of the strong patriotism, enduring hard effort and steady unification against enemy for its main content. This spirit not only encouraged the Chinese people to protect their homeland and peace in the critical time of nation, but also played a great role in constructing in a national scale the rich Chinese society. It is an important textbook for strengthening ideological education of youth in the new century too.


A 39-year-old man was admitted for worsening left pleuritic chest pain of three months duration. He had been diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus six years previously, but glycaemic control had been poor. He was a long-term alcoholic. He did not remember having had any skin lesion or trauma involving the chest wall. On physical examination, his body temperature was 36.9°C. His oral hygiene was poor with numerous dental cavities and severe periodontitis. On the left hypochondrial region, a hard subcutaneous induration that was not associated with any superficial skin lesion was felt. Chest auscultation revealed nothing abnormal. White blood cell count was 9.8 x 10 9 /1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 70 mm/h, and C-reactive protein was 17.2 mg/dl. Blood biochemistry was completely normal. Postprandial blood glucose level was 380 mg/dl, and glycosylated haemoglobin, HbAlc, was 13.4%. Plain chest X-ray revealed a shallow consolidation in the left lower lung field. Results of plain radiography of the ribs and bone scintigraphy were normal. Computed tomography (CT) disclosed the presence of a left pleural effusion (figure 1). After admission, thoracentesis was performed three times. The effusion had characteristics of an exudate and contained a large percentage of lymphocytes. No atypical cells were observed and no microorganisms grew on aerobic or anaerobic cultures. From day 6, his body temperature increased to more than 38°C and the subcutaneous induration continued to increase in size. On day 19, a purulent liquid, including many grey granules, 1-3 mm in diameter, was aspirated from the chest wall lesion. Gram staining of smears of the pus and granules is shown in figure 2.


The new interventional treatments discussed in this CrossTalk debate address fundamental physiological mechanisms regulating autonomic nervous system activity and blood pressure, namely renal innervation, peripheral chemoreceptors, or carotid baroreflexes. The solid physiological rationale behind catheter-based renal denervation (Ratcliffe et al. 2014) and carotid chemoreceptor denervation/modulation (Schlaich et al. 2014) has been reviewed by a group of internationally recognized experts in the field. There is not much I could add. I would argue that catheter-based renal denervation, carotid chemoreceptor denervation/modulation and electrical carotid sinus stimulation deserved to undergo rigorous clinical testing. However, the road from a good idea to an effective treatment that can be incorporated into routine clinical care is a long one.

Both Ratcliffe et al. (2014) and Schlaich et al. (2014) suggest that silver bullet interventional cures are unlikely. I could not agree more. Interventional treatments for resistant primary hypertension may simply fail for technical reasons. The technology ought to be improved and we should find ways to identify technical failure early on. More importantly, there are pathophysiological reasons why not all patients will respond to a treatment lowering blood pressure through sole manipulation of sympathetic nervous system activity. The statement by Schlaich et al. (2014) that sympathetic activation is the hallmark of arterial hypertension is somewhat misleading. Instead, the contribution of sympathetic activity to arterial hypertension appears to vary from patient to patient. We applied pharmacological ganglionic blockade, which acutely abolishes sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent activity, to gauge autonomic nervous system contributions to primary hypertension in an earlier study (Jordan et al. 2002). In some patients, blood pressure remained elevated during ganglionic blockade. Similarly, in rare patients with near complete loss of peripheral autonomic nerves and supine hypertension, blood pressure remains elevated during ganglionic blockade (Shannon et al. 2000). Sympathetic inhibition cannot control blood pressure in all patients.

The column heading in the paper by Schlaich et al. stating that catheter-based renal denervation is safe and effective may be a little too optimistic. The fact that the procedure did not lower blood pressure in Simplicity-3 compared to rigorous controls cannot be neglected. In the past, European regulations permitted approval of devices in the absence of true efficacy data. The company producing a device had to show that operator and patient are not harmed and that the device serves its stated purpose. Data from smaller-scaled studies without a rigorous control group were sufficient for the agencies. Arterial stents served the stated purpose abolishing atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. However, they failed miserably in controlling hypertension (Cooper et al. 2014). The scientific community should be smarter by now and not accept treatments that have not been proven useful in sufficiently large and well-controlled clinical trials. Finally, procedures should be tested with the same rigor as tablet-based interventions. Simplicity-3 (Bhatt et al. 2014) was exemplary in that regard.


Introduction While human modeling has always been at the forefront of ergonomics research, it is being propelled at an unprecedented tempo in the digital age by the advancement of computer technology. Digital human modeling is rapidly emerging as an enabling technology and a unique line of research, with the promise to profoundly change how products or systems are designed, how ergonomics analyses are performed, how disorders or impairments are assessed, and how therapies or surgeries are conducted. Digital human representations in various forms are increasingly being incorporated in the computer-aided design of human-machine systems, such as a driver-vehicle system or a manufacturing workstation. With the computing power and computational methods available today, we are able to render digital human models that are an order of magnitude more sophisticated and realistic than the ones produced a decade ago. There is however still a long way to go before we achieve the "ultimate" digital human surrogates—ones that look, act, and even think like we do. Some of the limitations associated with the current digital human models are unlikely to dissolve as computer performance further advances. This chapter discusses digital human modeling both as a technology and as a fundamental research area, in the context of computer-aided ergonomics or humancentric design. As a technology, digital human modeling is a means to create, manipulate, and control human representations and human-machine system scenes on computers for interactive ergonomics and design problem solving. As a fundamental research area, digital human modeling refers to the development of mathematical models that can predict human behavior in response to minimal command input and allow realtime computer graphic visualization. The discussion of the latter will emphasize on the modeling of human movements particularly those produced during physical acts under industrial settings. Such an emphasis heeds the fact that not only is movement the prime form of human physical work actions and interactions with machines, tools, and products, but the modeling of it is also where most research challenges arise.


Learning analytics has been increasingly outlined as a powerful tool for measuring, analysing, and predicting learning experiences and behaviours. The rising use of learning analytics means that many educational researchers now require new ranges of technical analytical skills to contribute to an increasingly data-heavy field. However, it has been argued that educational data scientists are a 'scarce breed' (Buckingham Shum et al., 2013) and that more resources are needed to support the next generation of early career education researchers. At the same time, little is known about how early career researchers feel towards learning analytics and whether it is important to their current and future research practices. Using a thematic analysis of a participatory learning analytics workshop discussions with 25 early career researchers, we outline in this article their ambitions, challenges and anxieties towards learning analytics. In doing so, we have provided a roadmap for how the learning analytics field might progress and practical implications for supporting early career researchers' development.


Summary The larva of the primitive mayfly Oniscigaster wakefieldi, McLachlan 1873 (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae) was studied in the Waitakere Stream, near Auckland, New Zealand, over a 17‐month period extending from July 1965— November 1966. A wide‐mouthed dragnet enabled monthly samples (average 46 specimens) to be collected for detailed studies of the larval growth pattern; this collecting method revealed that the species, previously thought to be rare, is numerous both in the study area and elsewhere in North Island, New Zealand. O. wakefieldi has a univoltine life cycle with 20–25 larval instars. The larvae prefer different habitats according to their age and can be divided into three distinct groups: larvae 1–10 mm in length are found on finer sediments in quiet shallow water; 11–18 mm in length inhabit waters up to 50 cm deep where the substratum is mainly of pebbles (0.4–4.0 cm diameter) set in a silt matrix; and mature larvae 19–26 mm in length are found adjacent to dry emergent boulders, often at...


AUTHORS Douglas Dwyer In this paper, we validate the Moody's KMV RiskCalc v3.1 United States private firm default model. We show that the EDFTM (Expected Default Frequency) produced by the model continues to rank order risk effectively by providing substantial discriminatory power across multiple cuts of the data. Daniel Eggleton We also validate the EDF level produced by the model. For most development datasets used to build private firm default models, direct level validation is not possible due to multiple issues encountered when working with private firm data. The U.S. is an exception, because we have been collecting loan accounting system data for the past nine years from multiple banks. This data enables direct measurement of the default rate on a cohort of active borrowers. Using the loan accounting system data, we find that the EDF level is consistent with the realized default rates observed over the last nine years. Copyright © 2009, Moody's Analytics, Inc. All rights reserved. Credit Monitor, CreditEdge, CreditEdge Plus, CreditMark, DealAnalyzer, EDFCalc, Private Firm Model, Portfolio Preprocessor, GCorr, the Moody's logo, the Moody's KMV logo, Moody's Financial Analyst, Moody's KMV LossCalc, Moody's KMV Portfolio Manager, Moody's Risk Advisor, Moody's KMV RiskCalc, RiskAnalyst, RiskFrontier, Expected Default Frequency, and EDF are trademarks or registered trademarks owned by MIS Quality Management Corp. and used under license by Moody's Analytics, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Jennifer Curtis, Jim Herrity, Maryam Khan, Emil Lopez, Nihil Patel, Joy Wang, and Jing Zhang for both their comments on this work and their assistance with the data. Published by: Moody's KMV Company To contact Moody's KMV, visit us online at www.moodyskmv.com. You can also contact Moody's Analytics through e-mail at email@example.com, or call us by using the following phone numbers: NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, NEW ZEALAND, AND AUSTRALIA: 1 866 321 MKMV (6568) or 415 874 6000 EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST, AFRICA, AND INDIA: 44 20 7280 8300 ASIA-PACIFIC: 852 3551 3000 JAPAN: 81 3 5408 4250


My article is based on the hermeneutic hypothesis (formulated in § 1) that in the "Notes on Carl Schmitt" (1932), Leo Strauss's way of interpreting undergoes a "change" in its method. From the historicistic "orientation" that characterizes the first two sections of the text, Strauss moves in the third section to a phenomenological interpretation aimed at discovering the genesis and moral basis of Schmitt's "concept of the political". This hermeneutic hypothesis allows me to explain: (§ 2) the reason why Strauss denies what seems most obvious, namely that Schmitt's Bejahung ("affirmation" or "approval") of "the political" is itself of a "political" character; (§ 3) what Strauss means, in this context, by "the moral", which, according to him, is at the root of Schmitt's conceptualization of "the political"; (§ 4) what the "intention" is of Strauss's interpretation of Schmitt.


Compressive sensing has recently been applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and reconstruction with the aim of lowering energy consumption and sampling rates in wireless body area networks for ambulatory ECG monitoring. However, most current methods only adopt a sparse prior on the ECG wavelet representation. In this paper, we propose to further exploit the wavelet representation structure by incorporating two properties in the formulation of the optimization problem: the exponentially decaying magnitude of the detail coefficients across scales and the accumulation of signal energy in the approximation subband. We derive a weighted ℓ1 minimization algorithm, based on a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach, that leads to a significant reduction in the number of measurements and superior reconstruction performance compared to current CS-based methods with application to wireless ECG systems.


Based on the concept of a microliquid process, we have developed an organic electroluminescent display using conductive polymers, including light-emitting polymers. The technology of inkjet printing has progressed enough to be used for the microliquid process. First, we describe the process used to form a patterned thin film. This involves inkjet-related technologies, the self-patterning behavior of a microliquid on the substrate, and the drying process that defines the thickness profile and film properties. Some microliquid behaviors and related phenomena, along with properties of the resulting film, were identified as distinct from those coming from a macroscopic liquid, as a result of size effects. By fully utilizing these unique properties of microliquids, we have succeeded in fabricating color-pixel arrays by direct patterning of polymer solutions. As a result, an organic electroluminescent display with a vivid full-color image has been developed.


Details are given for the construction of a device for oxygenating live-bait wells and holding tanks. The unit is made from a 6-inch grinding wheel mounted in a stainless steel clamp. A 240-ft3 cylinder of industrial oxygen is used as the source of supply. The oxygen, released as small bubbles, is controlled by a pressure regulator on the oxygen cylinder. The oxygen flow rate at 5–35 psi was determined and the size of bubbles measured.


Two teams of astrophysicists have detected features in the large-scale distribution of galaxies that can be traced back to quantum fluctuations in the first second after the Big Bang. The results confirm that tiny variations in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background grew under the in-fluence of gravity to create the large-scale structure of the universe that we see today. The results also provide further evidence that three-quarters of the cosmos is made of a mysterious substance called dark energy that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.


In the last few years real-life designs have become more and more complex, thus proper circuit management, simplification and transformation proved as important as the actual verification procedure. On the other hand, given the impossibility to determine a priori the best algorithm to use for each benchmark, portfolio approaches have become the de-facto standard in model checking. Tuning parameterization and behavior of the various algorithms in play is nowadays a must. This dissertation describes the activities conducted during the whole PhD course span, concerning model checking algorithms and preprocessing techniques in the context of industrial-derived hardware designs. More in details, some studies addressed during these years focused on appropriate property management, efficient model preprocessing techniques, proper SAT solver management and the introduction of a novel model checking algorithm.


Over the years many advances have been made in the production of flat sheet in the areas of die design, screw design, and polymers. However the design of a critical part, the cooling roll, is often given little consideration by the processor. The intent of this paper is to review some of the parameters that the roll designer uses to determine the design of the roll. The basic equations for calculating PLI (pounds per linear inch), and deflection of the roll, the heat removal rate required, and a method for approximating the required flow rate through the roll are explained.


Each year, community pharmacists are recognized by their peers through nominations for Drug Topics' annual Top Independent Pharmacists awards, which honor 3 pharmacists or pharmacy teams for their contributions to local life.


Phytase producingstrain ofKlebsiella sp .DB-3 FJ711774.1was isolatedfrompoultry field soil .The bacteriaproduced extracellular phytase under sub merged fermentation (Smf) using orange peel and other agro -residuesas nutritive substrates. Among different substrates, orange peel flourand wheat bran (2% w/v)provide amaximal yield of productionof phytasei.e.,3.15and2.41 U/mlrespectivelywhen Smf was carried outby using fermentative media supplemented with0.2% sucrose, 0.1%NH 4H2PO4; inoculated with 1.5 % cell suspension24hage and then, incubated at50 o C for 72 h.As such, there is no report of phytase production byusing orange peel as substrate. The phytate biosynthesis by bacteria cultivation on medium based on orange peel flour was accompanied by the liberation of soluble phosphatewithout any extra supplementation of metal ions .Based on these results the use agro residues in the form of orange peelflourcouldbe one of the best and cost effective alternativethe costly pure phytate for industrial production o fphytaseusing selected strain of Klebsiellaspp.


Objective To compare morphological characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus from Southern Qinghai Plateau and Chaidamu Basin,and to provide basic data for strains research.Methods The dogs were laboratorially infected with echinococcus cysts which were isolated from natural and well-developed sheep bred in Tongren County of Southern Qinghai Plateau and Delingha City in Chaidamu Basin.Adult worms were collected from intestinal tract to observe its morphological characteristics under microscope,the length of adult worms were also measured.Results Most of E.granulosus form Delingha City had four segments,and its body was long and thin.The strains of worms from Tongren County had five segments,its body was wide and short.The total worm length had significant different between two kinds of strains(P0.05).The position of genital pore of these strains were behind of body segment,but 6.84 % of the position of genital pore of worms from delingha city was before the body segment.Cirrus sac of worms from tongren count was obviously lower than that of total number of hooks and the total widen of large hooks and small hooks of E.granulosus from Tongren County were larger than that of Delingha City's.The total length of hooks had not significant difference.Conclusion There are significant difference of E.granulosus from Southern Qinghai Plateau and Chaidamu Basin,it is possible of existing different genotype strains of E.granulosus.


Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides are promising light emitters. However, it is still challenging to accurately design their structures with targeted photoluminescence properties. Here, high pressure is adopted to engineer the self-trapped exciton (STE) emission of 0D (bmpy)9[ZnBr4]2[Pb3Br11] (bmpy: 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium). Under initial compression, the simultaneous contraction and distortion of photoactive [Pb3Br11]5- vary the equilibrium of STE emissions between different excited states, tuning the emission color from yellow green to cyan. Notably, sufficient structural distortion under continuous compression leads to the formation of more and deeper STE states, exhibiting an unprecedented broadband white-light emission. This study reveals the structure-dependent optical properties of 0D hybrid metal halides, providing novel insights into the mechanism of STE emission.


The surface remelting technology of high energy beam can locally weaken the case for controlled fragmentation, which may affect the survivability of the impacting projectiles. Failure behaviours of steel projectiles with melted layers grid normally perforating armour plates was investigated. The results reveal that shear fracture mainly occurs in the nose region of projectiles due to high loading, and the melting zone of projectiles can keep integrity with no damage, which means the survivability of projectile can be assured. Furthermore, an analytical model was proposed to the structural analysis of projectile, which is in accordance with the test results.


The recent prediction of a total zero angular momentum bound state of the spin-polarized atomic tritium trimer [D. Blume, B. D. Esry, Chris H. Greene, N. N. Klausen, and G. J. Hanna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 163402 (2002)] was verified. Searches using our smooth exterior complex scaling finite element method gave no evidence for any zero or nonzero angular momentum shape resonances of the system.


A field tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer has been constructed.It consists of tungsten coil atomizer,multi-channel minitype CCD spectrometer,instrument power supply,and control system.The lead in environmental water sample is determined after is preconcentrated and separated by electrodeposition.Electrodeposition condition is investigated.The optimized electrodeposition potential is-650 mV(vs.SCE).The detection limit for lead in water was estimated to be approximately 0.20 μg/L.Linear range is from 1.0 to 15.0 μg/L.The relative standard deviation is 4.4% by analyzing 4.0 μg/L lead(n=10).


SRAM-based FPGA designs are extremely susceptible to single event upset (SEUs). Since the configuration memory defines which is the circuit an SRAM-based field programmable gate array (FPGA) implements, any change induced by SEUs in the configuration memory may modify drastically the implemented circuit. When such devices are used in safety-critical applications, fault tolerant techniques are needed able to mitigate the effects of SEUs in FPGA's configuration memory. In this paper we present a reliability-oriented place and route algorithm that is able to mitigate the effects of the considered upsets.


A patient with a pheochromocytoma underwent adrenal venography and experienced a hypertensive crisis similar to that described following adrenal arteriography for this condition. This is the first report of such a complication. If the same precautions now employed routinely during arteriography are applied to adrenal venography, the latter procedure can continue to be useful in the preoperative localization of pheochromocytoma.


BACKGROUND AND AIM
This study aimed to provide the Italian version of the Nursing Decision Making Instrument (NDMI) and establish its content and face validity, construct validity, and reliability among Italian nurses.

METHODS
A three phases validation, methodological and cross-sectional study was realized. Phase one referred to the cultural-linguistic translation of the NDMI into Italian (i.e., I- NDMI). Phase two aimed to obtain a good level of content and face validity (cut-off <0.70). Phase three involved a cross-section data collection amongst Italian nurses in assessing the construct validity and reliability of the I-NDMI.

RESULTS
I-NDMI showed adequate content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis models supported the four-factorial structure of the I-NDMI (i.e., Intuition; Prevision; Assessment; Planning) in explaining data obtained from nurses. Moreover, the scale and each domain showed adequate internal consistency.

CONCLUSIONS
This study constituted an advancement in the psychometric testing of the NDMI. Future research should identify specific decision-making processes and their determinants to allow theoretically grounded interventions to improve decision-making among nurses.


The virtual crystal approximation (VCA) method based on the Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package (CASTEP) was used to establish the TiVNbMo refractory high-entropy alloy structure model. The effects of different Ti contents on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of TixVNbMo (x = 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00) high entropy alloys were calculated. The lattice constants calculation results of TiVNbMo with equal atomic ratio match well with the experimental values of vacuum arc melting, indicating that the VCA method is suitable for the first-principles calculation of TixVNbMo random solid solution. The EOS equation of state is used to determine the energy and volume of the equilibrium structure of the alloy. The elastic constants of TixVNbMo (x = 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00) high entropy alloys are calculated based on the body-centered cubic structure, and their Young's modulus anisotropic three-dimensional contour stereograms are drawn. Moreover, the quasi-harmonic Debyeg-Grüneisen model is used to calculate the thermodynamic properties, such as thermal capacity, isothermal body modulus, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, and Grüneisen parameter with Ti content and temperature.


Since the second half of the '70s, those institutions aimed at granting the banking and financial system stability (Central Banks, Supervisory Authorities, Deposit Insurance Systems, etc.) have been employing monitoring techniques in order to evaluate the situation of banks, some of which makes use of statistical and econometric methodologies. The banking crises of the last twenty years have shown that a need exists to strengthen the tools which are currently used in ascertaining the state of a single bank, so that an intervention could be undertaken before problematic situations degenerate. The present essay, after a survey of the main techniques used for the evaluation of banks' condition, employs one of the said techniques, a logit-model, to verify, on the one hand, its capability to predict the crisis state of a set of banks, and, on the other, to test the signalling effectiveness of the balance-sheet indicators of the Fondo Interbancario di Tutela dei Depositi (FITD), which have been employed as explanatory variables of the banks state. The results obtained with the econometric technique can be considered, on the whole, satisfying: it is able to predict correctly the banks state in the 80% of the cases, showing, at the same time, a good signaling capability for the FITD indicators. Moreover, in addition to this, the exercise has shown that only a sub-set of the FITD indicators are statistically significant to explain the banks' state, and that the statistical model has led to classification results which are significantly more precise than those obtained with the application of the system implied in the criteria of FITD's Statutes.


Abstract Transit services are subsidized in various cities. Our article reviews bus transit subsidy in Shenzhen, one of China's mega cities undertaking tremendous effort to strengthen transit service under the national transit metropolis initiative. The operational data of Shenzhen's bus transit reveals that the past subsidy policy, which guaranteed 6% of profit, led to significant increase in operational cost per passenger kilometer. The recent switch toward a ridership-based subsidy helps to reverse this trend, but could risk service quality. Shenzhen's experience has significant implications while China's city governments implement transit-priority strategies. The gain of social benefit and the loss of operational efficiency have to be carefully balanced when designing subsidy programs.


This study is conducted to identify the factor s for tourist arrival at Kelantan. On this research, Kelantan was chosen due to the limited research have been done about tourism in Kelantan. Kelantan is a destination for holiday especially for domestic tourist and foreigner. Indeed, the various factors have positioned Kelantan to reap the gains of the tourism industry as the country moves forward towards being a high-income economy by the year 2020.


A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) classification method is disclosed, including a test/classification apparatus controlled by a test/classification control process. The test/ classification apparatus includes a programmable logic con trol (PLC), test devices, a conveyor device, electromagnetic driver devices, a man-machine interface, Sensors and an alarm. The PLC is operated in accordance with the test/ classification control process to control the test devices for performing test on DRAMs Supplied from at least two Supply rails. The electromagnetic driver devices are then used to move the DRAMs so tested to the conveyor device which in turn conveys the DRAMs to a particular collection position in accordance with the characteristic value obtained in the test, which characteristic value being within a par ticular class of DRAM associated with such a particular collection position, to achieve conveyance and classification of the DRAM. The man-machine interface provides a manual control and access to the Steps of the test/ classification control process of the DRAM. The sensors and the alarm are to detect the condition of out-of-Supply of DRAM and to provide a warning of the out-of-supply condition.


Two stage positioning method which is composed of coarse positioning and fine positioning is a way to increase the precision of linear feeding in high density disk mastering. The control method of two stage positioning is proposed in this paper. Different control models are compared and the suitable one is chosen. The PID controllers for coarse and fine tables are designed. The numerical simulating results show that the two stage positioning system with PID controllers has good performance in linear feeding with steady error less than 10nm. The coarse positioning table compensates the major component of displacement in linear feeding while the fine positioning table compensates the minor one. The two stage positioning system can well satisfied the requirement of high density disk mastering in theoretical.