ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the student misconceptions and find out the cause of misconceptions MIPA class X SMAN 1 Pontianak. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach. The technique of taking informants using purposive sampling techniques so that the informant obtained, namely class X MIPA 5 and 6. The data collection techniques such as measurement results of diagnostic tests and interviews. Data collection tools in the form of Multiple Choice Tests using Certainty Of Response Index (CRI), which consists of 10 items with five alternative answers and guidance interview. Based on the analysis of research data shows there are misconceptions students. The results showed the highest percentage of misconceptions in the amount of 63.93% on indicators to distinguish the concept of oxidation and reduction in terms of incorporation and release of oxygen and misconceptions lowest percentage that is equal to 4.92% on the indicator to distinguish the concept of oxidation and reduction in terms of release and acceptance of electrons. The cause of the misconceptions of students caused by the fault of students that includes associative thinking students, preconception or early concept is wrong, intuition is wrong, and the ability of students but it is also caused by the teaching methods are boring and less varied and selfconfidence of students is too great when filling criteria CRI. Keywords: student misconceptions, misconceptions cause, reaction oxidation reduction


Objective:Taking efficacy evaluation of valsartan and amlodipine tablets compared with amlodipine as an example,to explore the application of cardiovascular disease risk prediction model in efficacy evaluation of antihypertensive drugs. Method:By using the risk prediction model for ischemic cardiovascular disease(ICVD) and the clinical trial data,the risk of ICVD was estimated before and after taking antihypertensive drugs,which was used in the efficacy evaluation of antihypertensive drugs.The sensitivity analysis was also developed. Result:It was showed in the estimated results that: ①Compared with no treatment,taking antihypertensive drugs could reduce the risk of ICVD,and the benefit was greater for patients with stage Ⅱ hypertension or males.②Compared with amlodipine,valsartan and amlodipine tablets could reduce the similar risk in patients with stage Ⅰ hypertension,and could reduce 0.022 4 more in patients with stage Ⅱ hypertension,0.021 4 more in males,0.012 2 more in females.③The results was showed to be stable in sensitivity analysis. Conclusion:For reducing the risk of ICVD through lower blood pressure,valsartan and amlodipine tablets is no inferior to amlodipine,and in some cases is better than it.Through estimated the effect of blood pressure change on the risk of cardiovascular disease,the cardiovascular disease risk prediction model can be applied in the efficacy evaluation of antihypertensive drugs.


This study was financed by Portuguese funds through FCT- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (project EXPL/CTM-CER/0637/2012) and supported by Rauschert Portuguesa, SA.


Two possible processes for deactivation in the catalytic hydrolysis of acrytonitriie over Raney copper have been examined at temperatures in the range 40 to 100°C. The first of these is the diffusion limited oxidation of the catalyst surface which produces oxides of copper. The other, more dominant, effect is thought to result from fouling of the catalyst pores by thermally polymerized acrylamide. This mechanism of catalyst poisoning which is independent of both reactant and product concentrations is evidenced by changes in specific surface areas and pore sizes of the catalyst used.


A method of manufacturing a cathode plate (1) that is used in the electrolytic cleaning and recovery of metals, the cathode plate being at least partly manufactured of stainless steel and the surface of the cathode plate being treated in at least one stage, whereby the cathode plate is formed by cutting it from a solid plate-like material (2), whereby, essentially before cutting (4) the cathode plate to shape, at least part of the surface constituting the cathode plate is subjected to a mechanical treatment (3) to improve the adhesion properties of the surface. The invention also relates to the cathode plate.


We show that guard cells from Arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the abscisic acid-insensitive mutations abi1 and abi2 fail to respond to CO2 and extracellular calcium. This demonstrates that the signal transduction pathways for all three stimuli converge on, or close to, the ABI1 and ABI2 gene products.


Purpose: Healthy lifestyle behaviours lead to good health and reduce the mortality rate. The objective of this study was to examine gender differences in healthy lifestyle behaviours among students at the Institute of Rural Development Planning in Dodoma, Tanzania.
Methodology: The study area was Mbwanga ward at the respective Institute. The research design was cross-sectional in which data were collected from the population at a single point in time. The sample size was 160 respondents involving 67(41.9%) males and 93(58.1%) females out of 281 registered students in the Second Year Bachelor Degree Programme of Human Resource Planning and Management 2020/2021 academic year. The data collection method was interview while a structured self-reported questionnaire derived from the Lifestyle Screening Tool developed by Kim and Kang was a data collection tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to conduct data analysis by Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
Findings: Results showed that there were gender differences in healthy lifestyle behaviours. Females were at least leading in perceiving desirable behaviours which included water drinking, air-breathing, dietary habits, temperance and trust. Males only did better on two healthy lifestyle behaviours which included sleep and physical exercise compared with females. Further results on the Independent Samples t-Test (t [158] = -1.858; p   showed that even though both gender had different perceptions of their lifestyle behaviours, such difference was not statistically significant.
Recommendations: The study recommended that students' Programme Coordinators should remind students to drink sufficient water for keeping good health on occasions of their scheduled meeting; while students should plant more trees and flowers at the Campus and in residential areas to optimize clean air-breathing.


Several factors contribute to the trend toward increasing rates of CVD in developing countries: First, decreasing mortality rates from acute infectious diseases have resulted in increased life expectancy, which in turn will lead to a higher proportion of individuals reaching middle and old age. Second, lifestyle and socioeconomic changes associated with urbanization may lead to higher levels of risk factors for CVD. Third, some populations (eg, because of specific genes) may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of a particular risk factor; this may lead to a greater propensity for developing clinical events for the same level of a given risk factor compared with Western populations (Figure 1). Table I estimates the rates of ischemic heart disease in different regions of the world in 1990 and projects the change by the year 2020. The rates projected in Table I are based on changes in demographic profile and the future effects of current smoking patterns. If the prevalence of various risk factors and the duration of exposure to risk factors increase as a result of a longer life expectancy and urbanization, the rates of CVD mortality and morbidity could rise even higher than projected. Therefore a global CVD epidemic is anticipated in the next 30 years. Effective CVD prevention requires a During the past 30 years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates have declined in several developed countries, whereas they appear to have increased substantially in many developing countries. All geographic regions are already having significant disease burden from ischemic heart disease and can anticipate substantial increases in both morbidity and mortality rates (Table I). Globally, it is anticipated that both morbidity and mortality rates from ischemic heart disease will double between 1990 and 2020. Approximately 82% of these anticipated increases in mortality rates and 89% of the anticipated increases in morbidity from ischemic heart disease will be seen in developing countries.1


Violence in the workplace is a serious public health issue. Facilities frequently address this matter through risk management strategies that include monitoring access, surveillance, target hardening, and campus security. Post-incident crisis response intervention is often offered in the aftermath of violence events. However, recent replicated findings of one post-incident crisis response intervention, The Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP), document an association between fielding an ASAP team and subsequent sharp declines in levels of violence. The implications of this post-incident crisis response approach as an additional and important risk management strategy are considered. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Schopenhauer's work broke with the philosophy of his idealistic predecessors and contemporaries. Schopenhauer was the first major German philosopher who called attention to and was profoundly influenced by Hindu and Buddhist thought. By the 1870s, Schopenhauer's name had become more closely associated with pessimism than any other writer's. Emerson's resistance to the dialectical technicalities of Hegelian thought was akin to Schopenhauer's rejection of Hegel as a proponent of absolute, pure thought. Emerson's belief in "the omnipotence of the will spiritual" contrasted sharply with Schopenhauer's insistence on the self-determining power of the will. Emerson did enter Schopenhauerian territory, however, in that for him the will, conceived as a power of choosing, did not follow intellectualist premises. Again, Emerson here had very little direct debt to Schopenhauer and the relationship was one of convergence rather than influence.Keywords: Arthur Schopenhauer; Buddhist thought; Emerson; Hegelian thought; Hindu thought


STN Search Report (Accession No. 1976:542882)—containing Hirose etal (Yakugaku Zasshi 96:185-194, 1996.* Grundt etal (J Med Chem 47: 5069-5075, 2004).* Williams et al (Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 5th Edi tion, pp. 59-63, 2002).* Patani etal (Chem Rev 96:3147-3176, 1996).* Grundt et al., "Opioid Binding and in Vitro Profiles of a Series of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyindolomorphinans. Transformation of a O-Se lective Ligand into a High Affinity K-Selective Ligand by Introduc tion of a 5,14-Substituted Bridge'. J. Med. Chem., 2003, 46, 3174 3177. Grundt et al., "Identification of a New Scaffold for Opioid Receptor Antagonism Based on the 2-Amino-1,1-dimethyl-7-hydroxytetralin Pharmacophore". J. Med. Chem., 2004, 47, 5069-5075. Grundt et al., "Identification of a new scaffold for opioid receptor antagonism based on the 2-amino-1,1-dimethyl-7-hydroxytetralin pharmacophore", J Med Chem, 2004, 5069-5075. Roy et al., "Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel aminotetralin derivatives with high selective opioid affinity". Bioorg & Med Chem Lett, 2002, 12,3141-3143. Williams, "Investigation of aminotetralins as novel opioid receptor antagonists'. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoso phy, University of Bath, May 2006. International Search Report for PCT/US2009/038912, dated Aug. 10, 2009.


Background Aerobic exercise can increase oxidative stress, but it can produce the necessary stimulus for physiological adaptation of exercise. However, the effects of intensity and duration of exercise on oxidative stress status are unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of exercise intensity (I) and duration (D) on the oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)], and the responses of the antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), antioxidant enzymes ratio (AE)] among sedentary adults. Methods In a randomized crossover design, 25 sedentary adults, performed nine cycling exercise sessions with a constant load of 50%, 60% and 70% VO2peak for 10-, 20- and 30- minutes duration. Plasma MDA, CAT, GPx and SOD activity were measured before exercise (baseline) and immediately after each session (post). Results The interaction effect of intensity and duration was significant for percentage changes of MDA (FIxD=3.59, df=4, p<0.05) and CAT activity (FIxD =3.38, df=2.146, p<0.05). Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis revealed that intensity is the major controlling factor for MDA (FI =54.24, df=2, p<0.05 vs FD=8.62, df=2, p<0.05), and CAT responses (FI =14.24, df=1.619, p<0.05 vs FD = 5.96, df=1.347, p<0.05). However, the main determinant factor for SOD (FD =11.82, df=1.166, p<0.05 vs FI =5.58, df=1.289, p<0.05) and AE (FD =11.63, df=1.201, p<0.05 vs. FI =3.035, df=1.32, p>0.05) is exercise duration. Conclusions These findings suggest that exercise intensity was an essential factor of acute oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme responses compared with the duration of exercise.


By using fuzzy mathematical method,the assessment model for durability of reinforced concrete factory building is established,and a practical method on fuzzy synthetic assessment of durability for reinforced concrete factory building is proposed,and the practicability of this method is verified in the practical engineering projects.


Static palatography has been widely used to investigate consonant articulation. The method is based on the observation of the tongue print (a bla ck paste is spread on the tongue before the production ) either directly onto the palate (direct palatograph y) or onto a pseudo palate (indirect palatography). This study has two main objectives. The first one is to provide an automatic analysis of the tongue print characteristic (size, shape, position onto th e palate,...) in order to allow an objective descriptio n of the linguopalatal contact. The second one concerns the shape of the palate. Indeed, a simple picture (2D) analysis does not tak e into account the shape (3D) of the palate vault. To alleviate this 2D limitation, we propose a method based on the use of structured light which enables the computation of the palate shape.


From glasshouse experiments it seems probable that the more effective utilisation of nitrogen in the synthesis of protein with which copper may be associated is the reason for the increased severity of copper deficiency observed when phosphate is applied to oats growing on a peat medium of low copper content.


As a novel biometric identification technology, human gait recognition has wide applications in public security and other fields. Aiming to solving problems of conventional Time-Frequency analysis of human gait signal, the paper presented a processing method that adopts time-frequency distribution with complex-lag. Firstly, the human walking Doppler signal model and the principle of time-frequency distribution with complex-lag were introduced. Then the signal based on the model was generated and was analyzed utilizing Spectrogram, WVD and time-frequency distribution with complex-lag. The results show that the presented method has the best performance since its high time-frequency concentration and less cross-terms disturbances.


A significant enhancement of zero resistance temperature [ Tc(zero)] from 78 K for x ) 0 to 92.5 K forx ) 0.2 in the series (Hg 0.5Pb0.5)(Sr2-xBax)(Ca0.7Y0.3)Cu2O7-δ compounds has been found. On the basis of the O K-edge X-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra for the series of (Hg 0.5Pb0.5)(Sr2-xBax)(Ca0.7Y0.3)Cu2O7-δ samples withx ) 0-0.5, the chemical substitution of Ba 2+ for Sr2+ gives rise to a decrease in the O 2p hole concentration within the out-of-plane oxygen sites, while that within the in-plane CuO 2 layers remains almost unchanged for 0e xe 0.2. This indicates that the out-of-plane oxygen may play an important role in controlling the increase of Tc(zero) up to the maximum value of 92.5 K.


A new way of deploying RIS in Virtual PC was provided.It was beyond the high requirement in the quantity and configuration specification of server and client.This method is easy to manipulate and could be applied in daily teaching and experiment.


This study examined the effect of dietary supplementation of Kigelia pinnata (KPL) and Plukenetia conophora (PCL) leaves in comparison with oxytetracycline (OXY) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on growth performance, selected blood biochemical parameters, caecal microbiota, splenic interleukins (IL), serum immunoglobulins (Ig), carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative stability in broiler chickens. One day old Arbor Acres chicks (n=420) were randomly assigned to either basal diet only (BD); basal diet + 0.5 g/kg oxytetracycline + 0.12 g/kg BHA (OXYBHA); basal diet + 1 g/kg KPL (KPL-1); basal diet + 2 g/kg KPL (KPL-2); basal diet + 1 g/kg PCL (PCL-1); or basal diet + 2 g/kg PCL (PCL-2) for 42 d. Each dietary treatment had seven replicates with 10 chicks per replicate. Supplemented birds gained (P < 0.05) more weight and had a better feed conversion ratio compared with the BD birds. Hematological indices, IL-1β, and IL-6 did not differ among the treatments. BD birds had lower (P < 0.05) carcass weight and IL-10, and higher (P < 0.05) IgG, IgM, Salmonella spp., and E. coli counts than the supplemented birds. The KPL-2 birds had the least (P < 0.05) E. coli and Salmonella spp. counts and IgM among the supplemented birds. Lactobacillus spp. count was lower (P < 0.05) in OXYBHA birds compared with KPL and PCL birds. Carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents in the Sartorius muscle, and drip loss and carbonyl content in the Pectoralis muscle of the BD birds were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the supplemented birds. These results illustrate that the 2 g/kg KPL and 2 g/kg PCL could be used as an antioxidant and an antimicrobial in the diets of broiler chickens.


Abstract : Counterinsurgency, in theory and practice, has been a popular topic in the defense community for the past several years. Historians like Mark Moyar and Andrew Krepinevich, Jr. have spent their careers writing about counterinsurgency operations during the Vietnam War, and advocating and promoting specific interpretations based on the lessons learned during that conflict to the Global War on Terror. The recent revival of counterinsurgency strategy and tactics has raised a number of significant questions. For example, under what circumstances should counterinsurgency operations be conducted? Should counter-guerilla operations have a permanent place in the training of the United States military? Are counterinsurgency operations ethical? This paper will seek to define counterinsurgency, and to analyze the application of counterinsurgency to the modern battlefield.


Territorial self-government is the main partner of non-governmental organizations. NGOs are becoming an important element of the system of institutions performing public tasks, particularly in the area of social services. The dynamic expansion of NGOs correlates with an increasing role of social activity in the local development. The flow of information between local authorities and the representatives of the third sector creates a good climate which helps to expand the areas of cooperation.


In this paper, the problem of approximate symmetries of a class of nonlinear wave equations with a small nonlinear dissipation has been investigated. In order to compute the first‐order approximate symmetry, we have applied the method that was proposed by Valenti basically based on the expansion of the dependent variables in perturbation series but removing the drawback of the impossibility to work in hierarchy in calculating symmetries. The algebraic structure of the approximate symmetries is discussed, an optimal system of one‐dimensional subalgebras is defined and constructed, and, finally, some invariant solutions corresponding to the resulted symmetries are obtained.


This paper is concerned with the uncertainty quantification of high-frequency acoustic scattering from objects with random shape in two-dimensional space. Several new methods are introduced to efficiently estimate the mean and variance of the random radar cross section in all directions. In the physical domain, the scattering problem is solved


ABSTRACT Small and medium-sized firms face disadvantages in the dynamic global market place today. The authors suggest that "fast cycle decision making" - the application of Col. John Boyd's OODA Loop philosophy can create economic advantages that will allow the smaller firm to aggressively compete against much larger rivals. Fast cycle decision making suggests deception, rapid response and being able to "turn inside" your opponent's decision cycle. It is of interest to note that this version of guerilla warfare is now embodied in the United States Marine Corp's new doctrine of Maneuver Warfare. INTRODUCTION Erich Fromm in his seminal work Man for Himself (1947) posited the following on the nature and character of man. He writes, "Reason, man's blessing, is also his curse; it forces him to cope everlasting with the task of solving the insoluble. Man is the only animal that can be bored, that can be discontented, and that can feel evicted from paradise. Man is the only animal for whom his own existence is a problem which he has to solve and from which he cannot escape." General Gordon Sullivan, former Army Chief of Staff, suggests in his book Hope is Not a Method, that "the essential character of strategy is that it relates ends to means" (Gordon and Harper, 1996). Finally, it is often reported that Sun Tzu in the Art of War claimed that "all strategy is based on deception, with the expert approaching his objective indirectly." The authors of this manuscript propose that in business there exists a basic dilemma of gaining economic victory in the shortest possible time; incurring the lowest possible costs; while suffering the fewest delays and set-backs. Accordingly, the nature of business produces a requirement for a planning mechanism that drives decisions, creates spontaneous innovation, and produces administrative comfort within the methodical processes generally associated with business strategy. This is particularly true for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Those firms have, characteristically, severe resource constraints as compared to their large competitors and so their strategies and related tactics have to be quick, disruptive where possible, and more than anything else correct. Frequently there is no margin for error. As considered in this manuscript, the rapid transformation of the market place from an oligopolistic domestic to the highly competitive monopolistic global has brought about an emergent use and study of guerrilla tactics. It is suggested by the authors that guerrilla actions that can increase entrepreneurial opportunism and result in the inability dominant "behemoth" institutions to SMEs when resolving market-based problems. It is reasonable to assert that the effective use and understanding of these varied and unconventional techniques gain greater and more comprehensive discussion in the decision making of SMEs with the inclusion of a specific, rapid response decision model. The purpose of this article is to initiate the creation of general theories of an otherwise random set of actions, conveniently referred to as guerrilla-a term that in many circles conjures images of disreputable bandit maneuvers that destroy order and impede objective-driven performance. Guerrillas are decision makers. The desired economic result of this decision making is market disequilibrium and a reduction of the dominance of larger, more resourced organizations. Guerrilla activities are also effective opportunities to introduce innovation, provide economic prosperity, and create jobs. Guerrilla activities are inherently entrepreneurial in nature. Schultz ( 19 80, pp. 439) described entrepreneurial decision-making activity as creating "disequilibria that are inevitable in the dynamics of modernization and economic growth." It is the disequilibria of the guerrilla that has the potential to produce greater value, more robust innovation, and that enhances the return on investments by SMEs. …


This study illustrates the demand for Arabic terminology policy to provide the language
with the necessary means to meet the new challenges to Arabic in the age of globalisation.
It is part of the emergent literature on Arabic term innovation, the field in which most
significant language planning and reforms are needed. The researcher highlights the
contribution of the Jordan Academy of Arabic in lexical generation, the most significant
activity of Arabic language planning. He investigates the language planning efforts of the
Jordan Academy in lexical formation. The data for the quantitative analysis in this research
is 861 medical terms sanctioned by the Jordan Academy. Before analysing the total data,
the researcher investigates the work mechanism employed by the Jordan Academy in
inventing and sanctioning terminology. He also investigates the terminological problems of
Arabic. The analysis of the data shows which word-formation techniques the Jordan
Academy has resorted to when inventing and sanctioning medical terms. All processes of
lexical enhancement in Arabic including the controversial process of lexical borrowing
have been employed by the Academy except blending.
This study provides the foundation for further studies in Arabic terminology planning in
particular, and Arabic language planning more generally.


Some model reduction techniques for multiple time-scale dynamical systems make use of the identification of low dimensional slow invariant attracting manifolds (SIAM) in order to reduce the dimensionality of the state space by restriction to the slow flow. The focus of this work is on a proposition and discussion of a general viewpoint using differential geometric concepts for submanifolds to deal with slow invariant manifolds in an extended state space. The motivation is a coordinate independent formulation of the manifold properties and its characterization problem treating the manifold as intrinsic geometric object. We formulate a computationally verifiable necessary condition for the slow invariant manifold graph stated in terms of a differential geometric view on the invariance property. Its application to example systems is illustrated. In addition, we present some ideas and investigations concerning the search for sufficient, differential geometric conditions characterizing slow invariant manifolds based on our previously developed variational principle.


A method for spatial resolution enhancement by means of inversion techniques is proposed. If the samples are overlapped, effective spatial resolution can be improved even if the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of a satellite based sensor is large. Experimental results with MOS-1/VTIR data show almost twice of improvement of spatial resolution. It was found that mean square error between original and enhanced images increases with increasing existing noise and overlapping ratio. Another method with constraints is also proposed to overcome such a noise sensitivity. Depending on the constraints, mean square error decreases in accordance with degradation of spatial resolution enhancement effect.<<ETX>>


The narration of Linjun and Xiangwang represented the cultural recognition of Tujia in different historical periods.During Ming and Qing dynasties,the hero of Linjun's narration was replaced by Xiangwang's King.However,in Xiangwang's narration there were some stories about Linjun.The stories were widely collected in the local chorography but the records in those chorography were all compendium which could not reflect the living sagas about Xiangwang in local people's mouths.The records made by the local elites with certain purpose and limitation together with the replacement of Linjun's narration by Xiangwang's narration reflected the cultural interaction vertically and horizontally in Tujia area in that period.


The capability of the parameters derived from waveform data in discriminating objects is assessed and the effect of the relative calibration of full-waveform data in discriminating land-cover classes is evaluated.Firstly,a non-linear least-squares method with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to fit the return waveforms by a Gaussian function.Gaussian amplitude,standard deviation,and energy are extracted.Secondly,a relative calibration method using the range between the sensor and the target based on a radar equation is applied to calibrate amplitude and energy.The change in transmit pulse energy is also considered in this process.A support vector machine classifier is used to distinguish the study area into non-vegetated area(including roads,buildings,and vacant lots),grassland,needle-leaf forests,and broadleaf forests.The overall classification accuracy ranges from 79.33% to 87.6%,with the combination of the two groups of the three studied parameters.Calibrated data classification accuracy is improved from 1.20% to 6.44%,thus resulting in better forest type discrimination.The result demonstrates that the parameters extracted from the waveforms can be applied effectively in identifying objects and that relative calibrated data can improve overall classification accuracy.


Psychotherapy of Bipolar Affective Disorder – A Review of the Research Evidence Purpose: Numerous controlled therapy studies showed that patients suffering from unipolar depression can be effectively treated with psychotherapy. Such an adjunctive psychotherapy to standard medication is also suggested to be helpful for patients with bipolar affective disorder. We planned to conduct a meta-analysis to test whether this assumption is also empirically based. Methods: We conducted a literature research using Medline, Psyclit, and Psyndex. We considered all publications in journals dealing with the topic 'psychotherapy and bipolar disorder' until the end of 1999. This search resulted in 212 English or Geman articles. Results: A more detailed analysis using the criteria 'diagnosis', 'intervention', 'sample size' and 'outcome measures' reduced this to 78 and finally 33 papers. Only 19 of these 33 publications were considered as 'controlled trials' and only 50% of these were original papers which definitely dealt with a sample of patients with bipolar disorder treated in a controlled trial. These 9 studies were heterogeneous refer-ring to treatment approach, setting, clinical status of the patients, and outcome variables so that we decided against a meta-analysis. Therefore, the controlled studies were de-scribed in some detail. Conclusion: Although the results of these trials somehow argue for the usefulness of adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder, we still do not know yet whether it is effective at all and who would benefit from which treatment.


Extended equal area criterion method (EEAC) is always applied for transient stability analysis of large scale power system. The coherency identification of generators clusters after accidents is on the basis of EEAC Method, and the coherency identification of generators clusters used to take the complex power angle method as the criterion, which consume a lot of time and possess a relatively inefficient. A new approach to the coherency identification of generators clusters based on wide area measurement system is proposed in this paper, which utilize the ratio of accelerated kinetic energy to distribute the critical machines clusters. The concept of the ratio of accelerated kinetic energy and related algorithm are described in detail in this paper. Take the power grid of He Bei province in China as a calculation example to illustrate the feasibility and advancement of this approach.


The most significant aspect of a geochemical exploration program is to define and separate the anomalous values from the background. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Most of the conventional statistical methods aiming at defining the geochemical concentration thresholds for separating anomalies from the background have limited the efficiency in the areas with complex geological settings. In this work, three methods including the Concentration-Area (C-A) and Spectrum-Area (S-A) fractal models, and the U-statistic method are applied to identify the geochemical anomalies in Avanj porphyry system due to a complex geological and tectonic setting. The results obtained show that the S-A and U-statistic methods present more acceptable outputs than the C-A method. The C-A model acts well to identify the geochemical anomalies within a region including a simple geochemical background; however, the model has limitations within a region including a complex geological setting, where each sub-area is characterized by different geochemical fields. The U-statistic method, by considering the location of sampling points, their spatial relation, and radius of influence for each point in the estimation of anomaly location, overcomes the limitations of the C-A model. The S-A model is a powerful tool to decompose mixed geochemical patterns into a geochemical anomaly map and a varied geochemical background map. The output of this method shows the analysis of geochemical data in the frequency domain, which can provide new exploratory information that may not be revealed in the spatial domain. Eventually, it can be pointed out that the accuracy of the S-A fractal model for determining the thresholds is higher than the other two methods mentioned.


A collection of 102 Diaporthe isolates was compiled from lesions on carrot, parsley and wild Apiaceae species in France from 2010 to 2014. Molecular typing based on ITS rDNA sequences resulted in the identification of 85 D. angelicae and 17 D. eres isolates. Based on sequences of the 3′ part of the IGS rDNA, intraspecific variability was analysed for 17 D. angelicae and 13 D. eres isolates from diverse plant species, locations in France, and plant tissues. The genetic diversity was greater for D. angelicae isolates than D. eres isolates. In vitro sensitivity of five D. angelicae and four D. eres isolates to each of nine fungicides was similar for isolates of both species, with a marked variation in fungicide sensitivity depending on the active ingredient. To assess the pathogenicity of D. angelicae and D. eres isolates on carrot, one isolate of each species was inoculated onto umbels in a controlled environment. Typical lesions were observed for both isolates. Carrot crop debris collected from a seed production field in France and placed in controlled conditions produced perithecia and ascospores typical of Diaporthe, that were further characterized molecularly as belonging to D. angelicae. Detection of Diaporthe species on seed lots from three carrot production fields in France was investigated. Both species were detected on seeds by conventional PCR assay, with a greater frequency for D. angelicae than D. eres (67% vs 33%, respectively). Overall, the results highlighted that umbel browning in carrot seed crops in France was mainly caused by D. angelicae.


Noise generated from various industrial activities can disrupt the activities. The scope and purpose of this is to control or minimize the noise pollution and its effects on human being. Noise control method can be classified as noise control at source, during transmission and at the receiver. Using these noise control methods we can reduce the noise level up to the desired level (i.e. 70 dB). There are two basic ways of eliminating noise at sources. Through the design or modification of machinery itself of through isolation or enclosure of the noise source. Noise can be controlled along the path through separation of worker from noise sources and use of barriers or reflected. Acoustical control is one of most popular technique available for absorbing noise. This paper presents the principles of noise control, various noise control techniques, use of noise control materials at saw mill. Keywords— Acoustical control, barriers, Noise control and saw mill.


Introduction: Along with increasing number of obese children, the prevalence of hypertension is also increasing. Factors known to have role in children's blood pressure include weight, age, gender, life style, family history of hypertension, stress and ethnicity. This study was made to determine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure and to find out the difference in blood pressure between ethnic Malay and Chinese children in regards to BMI.Method: An analytic study using cross-sectional design was conducted in several elementary schools in Bandung. Correlation between BMI and blood pressure was analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Regression analysis was performed to see the difference in BMI and blood pressure relationship between the two groups. A total of 154 ethnic Malay children and 150 ethnic Chinese children were the subjects of this study.Result: Significant correlation existed between BMI and systolic blood pressure within Malay and Chinese ethnic groups (r=0.673, p<0.001 and r=0.688, p<0.001).  Systolic blood pressure in regards to BMI was higher in Malay group compared to Chinese group.Conclusion: Blood pressure was correlated to BMI in both groups, while the value of systolic blood pressure in regards to BMI is higher in ethnic Malay group compared to ethnic Chinese group. Key words: body mass index, blood pressure, ethnicity


In flow simulations performed with the finite difference method or the finite volume method, it is a serious limitation that the calculating points must be ordered on the coordinates. Using the Voronoi diagram for the cell division of the finite volume method creates a new discretization form which permits an arbitrary distribution of points


Where you can find the moving out of education the educators guide to career management and change easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this moving out of education the educators guide to career management and change book. It is about this book that will give wellness for all people from many societies.


Industrial restructuring and upgrading has been the focus of national industrial policy, accompanied by industrial migration, the state is also a large-scale construction of transport infrastructure, but specifically, what is the relationship between the two, the use of mainland China 31 Autonomous regions and municipalities in 2008-2015, the regional location entropy as the explanatory variables, respectively, from the theoretical and empirical point of view of rail and highway on the impact of manufacturing agglomeration. The results show that the transport infrastructure has a spillover effect on the manufacturing agglomeration, but the impact of the railway is greater than that of the highway; and the eastern part of the transport infrastructure has greater impact than the other regions.


Base on the data measured by three-axes propeller anemometers mounted on a 100m tower located in the coastal area of Guangdong, China at 10 and 75m levels and the statistical turbulence`s theory, the atmospheric diffusion parameters have been analyzed. The results indicate that, in the coastal region, the horizontal turbulence was controlled by large-scale eddies and the vertical turbulence was controlled by comparatively small-scale eddies. There is an obvious rapid change in the diffusion parameters when the sea and land breezes change their direction from sea to land and vice versa. The rapid change in lower layer is more obvious than in the upper layer.


This exploratory study sought to answer two overarching research questions: (1) To what extent is there color-blind anti-Black bias in the way that professionalism is defined and enforced in social work agency culture? (2) What are exacerbating and ameliorating factors for this antiBlack bias? I developed a mixed-methods online questionnaire and recruited 246 participants via e-mail and Facebook. Participants were mostly White female social workers 18-39 years old, though the sample was disproportionately African American as compared with the general social worker population. When participants were asked if they perceived anti-Black bias in professionalism at their agencies, 42.7% answered yes while 57.3% answered no. A t-test demonstrated a significant difference in agencies' percentage of African American staff members by reported bias (t(113) = 3.24, p = .002, two-tailed). Participants who answered yes to bias had a lower mean percentage of African American staff in their agencies (M = 2.70, SD = 1.17) than those who answered no (M = 3.49, SD = 1.37). There were no significant relationships found between bias reporting and age, race, or gender. However, a chi-square test found a significant difference in bias reporting by supervisory status (χ(1, n = 115) = 4.18, p = .041, continuity corrected). A larger percentage of participants who were not in a supervisory role (58.7%) answered yes to anti-Black bias, compared to 41.3% of supervisors. Anti-racist trainings, anti-racist policies and procedures, and increased staff diversity were the three most common recommendations given to reduce anti-Black bias in professionalism. Overall, the findings suggest that anti-Black bias is widespread in social work professional culture, and that concerted reform efforts will be necessary to dismantle it. WE WERE TREATED LIKE MACHINES: PROFESSIONALISM AND ANTI-BLACKNESS IN SOCIAL WORK AGENCY CULTURE A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work. Mark Drummond Davis Smith College School for Social Work Northampton, Massachusetts 01063 2016


To eliminate extremely poor ship manoeuvrability it is necessary to predict ship manoeuvring performance at the initial design stage. The authors previously proposed a prediction method using approximate formulae of the hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship. In this paper this prediction method if applied for a zig-zag manoeuvre, and a free running model test was carried out for its validation. The predicted results agreed well with the model test results.


86 freshwater actinomycetes strains and 77 marine strains were isolated from sea sediment and freshwater sediment samples,collected from Liaoning,Shandong,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangxi,Hainan and Shaanxi province.To screen the strains producing antibacterial activitics,agar diffusion method was used to screen strains producing antibacterial activitics against Eschenchia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas punctata f.instestinalis at primary screening phase.Excavating-aperture bioassay test was used at examination phase.6 strains of high activity were abtained.By morphological characteristic and cultural charachteristic observation and physiological and biochemical test,all 6 strains were confirmed as streptomyces.Strain F1-F-12 was chosen in the research on animal prevention and cure.The result indicated that the quantity of aeromonas in the extermination crucian carp of the treated group was reduced compared with control group,and the difference of two was significant.It was obvious that the effect of killing aquacultural pathogenic bacteria of Antibacterial Actinomycete was good.So Antibacterial Actinomycete can be used as micro-ecological agents


TROP‐2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which is over‐expressed in various malignancies, and is related to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also called TROP‐1, gp40, and KSA. In this study, we evaluated TROP‐2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and compared it to other thyroid neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation for TROP‐2 was performed on 137 thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cell blocks (CB) which included classic PTC (64), follicular variant PTC (FVPTC) (10), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (AC) (2), medullary carcinoma (MC) (8), follicular neoplasms (FN) (8), Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN) (9), follicular lesion of uncertain significance (FLUS) (12), and benign thyroid nodule (BTN) (24). IHC for TROP‐2 expression was also performed on 331 BTN and malignant tumor tissue sections in tissue microarray (TMA). Membranous staining in >5% of tumor cells was considered positive. TROP‐2 stained 61 of 64 PTC CB, 7 of 10 FVPTC CB, and 9 of 12 FLUS CB. All other cases were negative for TROP‐2. TROP‐2 showed a sensitivity of 95.31% and specificity of 89% for classic PTC in FNA CB. In TMA samples, TROP‐2 stained 54 of 60 classic PTC cases and hence showed a high sensitivity and specificity. All BTN in CB and TMA were negative. We conclude that TROP‐2 is a highly sensitive and specific IHC marker for identifying classic PTC. TROP‐2 may play an important role in diagnosing classic PTC, especially in equivocal cases. This study also identifies a strong role for TROP‐2 in separating PTC from BTN. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:26–31. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Presents coverage of more than 2,500 North American religious groups in the U.S. and Canada, from Adventists to Zen Buddhists. Entries contain essays and directory listings that describe the historical development of religious families and give factual information about each group within those families, including, where available, headquarter location, membership figures, a listing of educational facilities and information on periodicals published by the group.


It is awkward for historians to depict a clear-cut portrayal of Ottoman identity. Scholarly analyses by and large lay emphasis on the Islamic and Turkish character of the Ottoman Empire. However, it would be reductionist to evaluate an empire that lasted for six centuries, on three different continents, with solely monolithic ethno-religious tools. A new approach around the term Rum may help to get rid of this reductionism and to understand the sui generis structure of the Ottoman identity. Instead of focusing on ethnic and religious aspects, this novel approach would add both a territorial dimension of Ottoman hegemony and also a social component regarding the relations between the rulers and the ruled. The Rum, with a meaning above Orthodoxy, Greek or Roman Empire, can highlight the ingredients of Ottoman identity and help to overcome the influence of modern nationalist discourses in historical readings.


Asymptomatic lacunar infarcts are often detected in MR images at the health check system for brain diseases. The existence of lacunar infarcts increases the risk of severe cerebral infarctions, and thus their accurate detection is important. However, the identification of all lacunar infarcts is difficult. Therefore, we developed a CAD scheme for the detection of lacunar infarcts. The performance of our previous method indicated that the sensitivity of 96.8% in detection with 0.76 false positive (FP) per slice. Further reduction of FPs was remained as an issue to be solved for the clinical application. In this paper, we proposed AdaBoost template matching technique. By using this technique, 52.9% FPs were eliminated while keeping the same sensitivity. Thus our proposed method found to be useful for sophistication of the automatic detection of lacunar infarcts in MR images. Keyword Computer-aided diagnosis, Lacunar infarcts, AdaBoost template matching 1. 緒言 無症候性のラクナ梗塞は脳ドックにおける MR 検査 でしばしば発見される.ラクナ梗塞の存在は,後に発 生する重篤な脳梗塞との関連が指摘されているため,


Code disclosure remains a huge threat to the intellectual property (IP) of any software that is deployed in a remote, untrusted environment. In this threat model, attackers have complete control over the software stack, so software-only solutions for preventing code disclosure have been doomed to fail. A natural alternative is to employ trusted hardware, e.g., an enclave-based architecture such as Intel SGX. However, existing SGX frameworks assume the target application is in the trusted computing base, i.e., free of vulnerabilities which can be exploited to leak code. Making matters worse, simply porting to an enclave-based paradigm is impractical for enterprise-scale applications, incurring large performance overheads and compatibility issues.In this paper, we take a first step towards building a practical, SGX-based code privacy enforcement framework called Pagoda that supports unmodified applications with minimal performance overhead. The key insight of Pagoda is that placing only application code within the enclave prevents arbitrary code accesses, and at the same time avoids the usual performance and compatibility issues stemming from protecting data within enclaves. Pagoda achieves code privacy throughout the application's lifetime, by loading and decrypting encrypted binaries into the enclave, and enforcing eXecute-Only-Memory (XOM) to block arbitrary accesses to the private code during its execution.We have built a prototype of Pagoda for Linux-based systems on Intel SGX. The performance evaluation on SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks shows that Pagoda incurs an average of 2.1% performance overhead when compared to native runs. To demonstrate its compatibility, we show that Pagoda can run a wide range of applications, from common server applications such as Lighttpd and Memcached, to complicated graphical applications such as Quake without any source code modification.


To provide assistance for radiologists in mammographic screening, many computer-aided detection and diagnosis systems (CAD) have been developed. However, there are a lot of problems which should be addressed in conventional mammographic CAD system, such as the relatively lower performance in detecting malignant masses, especially those subtle masses. The reasons which caused those errors may be the black-box type approach, which only cuing those suspicious masses but it is different to explain the reasoning of the CAD decision-making. Mammographic CAD using content-based image retrieval is another new type of CAD which can provide visual assistance instead of the type of black box method in conventional CAD for radiologists. Unlike those conventional CAD, in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) CAD, several most similar regions of interest (ROIs) are provided to radiologists as well as the decision index (DI) of one ROI which being a positive region. It has been proved that this visual aid tool could improve radiologists' performance. At present, there are two common types of CBIR CAD based on the calculation of similarity between testing ROI and reference ROI, one is the multi-feature based methods, and the other one is pixel-value-based template matching methods. The typical techniques used in these two types of CBIR CAD are multi-feature-based K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and template matching based system using mutual information (MI). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of those methods commonly used in CBIR and discuss the approaches to improve CAD performance.


"Aspects of Experience" in the "aspect" category of Chinese (including local dialects) are mainly expressed by attaching auxiliary "Guo" after the predicate.Some of the marks of "aspects of experience" in other Sino-Tibetan family languages borrow "Guo" from Chinese,among which some are of the same origin with Chinese.They can be divided into "k-"and "t-"groups with close relations.


l,3-Dichloro-2-bromobenzene is a seven phase system at = 1 bar. Besides the vapor and the liquid phase, five solid phases are observed by 35C1-NQR spectroscopy in the temperature range 77 £ 77K < 339. Phase I is a NQR-amorphous solid. The phases III, IV, and V are metastable and transform to phase II which is found to be stable in the range 77 77K ^ 309 with respect to the phases III —V. 35C1-NQR spectra of the ordered phases are given as a function of temperature and the crystal structure of phase II was determined {C\h


A study of the magnetization of the antiferromagnetic magnetoelectric crystal LiCoPO4 as a function of temperature and the strength of a magnetic field oriented along the antiferromagnetic vector reveals features due to the presence of a weak ferromagnetic moment. The value of the magnetic moment along the b axis at 15 K is approximately 0.12 G. The existence of a ferromagnetic moment can account for the anomalous behavior of the magnetoelectric effect observed previously in this crystal.


In this paper, a pricing mechanism of integrated energy services based on the differentiation of user demand is proposed. On the basis of analyzing the pricing strategy of the Integrated Energy Services, by considering the user's utility, user's intention and user's preference, this paper establishes the optimal pricing model of integrated energy services and its service package under multi-scenario. Finally, an empirical analysis of a food manufacturing company in southwest China and comparison of the results with the cost-driven pricing method shows that the pricing mechanism proposed can effectively reduce the user's energy cost, ensure that the energy services suppliers obtains a reasonable return, and help to fully mobilize the energy market and realize the maximum benefit of the market participants.


This chapter explores factors affecting the development of e-learning strategies in the context of higher education institutions. The authors focus on understanding the impact of e-learning on pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning and elaborate on the challenges higher education institutions experience in implementing e-learning strategies. A combination of synchronous and asynchronous delivery allows educational establishments to not only offer a service that is good value for money but promotes action learning, and encourages ownership, independent learning, and creative thinking. This work proposes social networking scaffolding for asynchronous and synchronous e-learning, where the learner is at the centre of a social network system. Furthermore, the chapter provides guidance to higher education governors, leaders, and e-learning technicians in developing and implementing e-learning strategies.


We report an experimental and theoretical study of acetone adsorption in the metal–organic framework (MOF) compound Cu-BTC. The isosteric heat of adsorption could be derived experimentally and was found to be −60 kJ mol–1. This value matches the theoretical data obtained by DFT-based methods at zero coverage. In situ DRIFT measurements allowed us to precisely describe the adsorption steps from zero coverage to saturation. Two main adsorption sites were determined for the adsorption of acetone. The small cavities were found to interact through van der Waals interaction with acetone, while the Cu(II) site was found to interact with the carbonyl function of acetone. On the basis of the in situ infrared experiments, it was demonstrated that the small cavities were first in interaction with acetone. DFT proved consistent with these findings by giving the energy of interaction in the different sites explored but also by providing calculated infrared spectra of adsorbed acetone in Cu-BTC. Using acetone as a prob...


Objective:To obserwe the influence of trembling manipulation on Dazhui point to glutamic of cervical spondilosis animal model.Methods:Cervical spondilosis animal models were made to determine glutamic while abnormal stress.Results:Glutamic of blood serum and muscle tissue step down significantly after modeling,and step up significantly after trembling manipulation on Dazhui point.concerned:The mechanism of cervical spondilosis treatment of trembling manipulation on Dazhui acupoint is concerned with the ability to enhance glutamic acid content to restore nerve conduction.


A procedure for implanting cortical and subcortical brain electrodes in young hooded rats is described. In unrestrained rats, cortical activity showed patterns of high voltage slow activity or low voltage fast activity correlated with quiet or alert states, respectively. Typical recruiting responses were elicited by stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Low intensity stimulation of the limbic system produced an electrical response similar to thalamocortical recruiting, and higher intensity stimulation induced a seizure discharge in the limbic circuit with accompanying behavioral signs of excitement and hypermotility. Neither ongoing electrical activity, nor thresholds or amplitudes of response to stimulation of thalamus or limbic system were observably different after a period of 8 weeks of active growth of the rats.


BACKGROUND
It is unknown if antidepressant treatment is associated with either increased or decreased risk of suicide.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the risk of suicide, attempted suicide, and overall mortality during antidepressant treatments in a real-life setting with high statistical power.

DESIGN AND SETTING
A cohort study in which all subjects without psychosis, hospitalized because of a suicide attempt from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2003, in Finland, were followed up through a nationwide computerized database.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 15 390 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The propensity score-adjusted relative risks (RRs) during monotherapy with the most frequently used antidepressants compared with no antidepressant treatment.

RESULTS
In the entire cohort, fluoxetine use was associated with the lowest risk (RR, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.93), and venlafaxine hydrochloride use with the highest risk (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.01-2.57), of suicide. A substantially lower mortality was observed during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.49-0.71; P<.001), and this was attributable to a decrease in cardiovascular- and cerebrovascular-related deaths (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24-0.71; P=.001). Among subjects who had ever used any antidepressant, the current use of medication was associated with a markedly increased risk of attempted suicide (39%, P<.001), but also with a markedly decreased risk of completed suicide (-32%, P=.002) and mortality (-49%, P<.001), when compared with no current use of medication. The results for subjects aged 10 to 19 years were basically the same as those in the total population, except for an increased risk of death with paroxetine hydrochloride use (RR, 5.44; 95% CI, 2.15-13.70; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Among suicidal subjects who had ever used antidepressants, the current use of any antidepressant was associated with a markedly increased risk of attempted suicide and, at the same time, with a markedly decreased risk of completed suicide and death. Lower mortality was attributable to a decrease in cardiovascular- and cerebrovascular-related deaths during selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use.


Basic reasons for research on reversible logic are the power consumption and heat dissipation. Existing systems have designed carry select added using TSG gate, for four bit addition. In the proposed system an enhancement of eight bit carry selection is performed with Fault tolerant Full Adder. Cnt fet is used in the implementation of the proposed eight bit carry select adder, which proves the reduction in power is more than 50% than that of existing system.


It is late to begin managing state assets in colleges and universities. The phenomenon of the loss of state assets is very serious. The ways of the loss are various . The causes are mainly in lacking enough realization and strict systems to the management, not classifying clearly property rights, not controlling supervision and management of finance and so on. In order to prevent state assets from losing, the measures must be taken inmediately and variously by strengthening the supervision and the management, enhancing the realization, making certain of the instructiver thoughts, improing the basic works, enforimg strictly the law of accountant, establishing a high qulified team.


In a centralized control center SCADA system, thousands of real-time data are sent to SCADA, including real-time signal, telemetering and alarm information. The intelligent analysis and processing of alarm signals is an important requirement. This article from the design point of intelligent alarm rules, explore an internal reasoning knowledge base and the external definition of rules combined design algorithm. Practical application results show that, the algorithm to power a variety of abnormal and fault has better capture and analysis ability.


High-order difference schemes for thermohydraulic equations tend to show solutions suffering from numerical oscillations. Basic considerations on the occurrence and behaviors of numerical oscillations are presented, and two aspects of dynamic oscillations and static oscillations in the numerical oscillations are pointed out. A practically useful method for static numerical oscillations analysis based on a characteristic polynomial technique is proposed.The LECUSSO scheme, which determines the upwinding weight such that the difference scheme satisfies an analytical solution of the convection-diffusion equation, is extended so as it can be used in nonuniform mesh size grids. The effects of computational grids on static numerical oscillations are discussed with the characteristic polynomial analysis on the extended LECUSSO scheme. It is found that the extended LECUSSO scheme shows solutions free from numerical oscillations only in uniform mesh size grids. Limitations on the application of the static oscil a ions analysis based on the characteristic polynomial technique are discussed, and its applicability for transient problems, multidimensional problems and nonlinear problems are examined through numerical experiments.


An in-house capability to capture your own digital remotely sensed data is an asset for any research or monitoring program. If an airborne instrument is sufficiently lightweight and can operate independently of the aircraft power supply, it can be flown in any platform, including ultralight aircraft. Recent developments in PC/104 industrial computers and compatible frame grabbers have made it possible to design an instrument that satisfies the above criteria, the Image Capture Unit (ICU) is the result. The ICU is compact comprising two boxes, each about the size of a shoebox. The system can carry up to eight cameras, each with its own dedicated frame grabber. In its current configuration, the system has five Sony industrial video cameras and a library of 10 filters covering various parts of the spectrum from 450 850 nm. All frame grabs are triggered simultaneously by an external switch. Software recognises the frame grab event and images can then be downloaded from frame grabber memory to disk. A PC/104 industrial computer runs the frame grabbers and is housed in another small box containing a keyboard, screen and hard disk. A small TV screen can be used for navigation if required. The sensors housing is easily mounted on the underside or wing struts of any aeroplane. A suite of library functions is supplied with the frame grabbers and the software to run the whole system is easily written in Visual Basic or C. The ICU was successfully flown in November 1997 and is currently undergoing trials for detecting cyanobacteria in water storages and in pasture biomass trials. The instrument is primarily intended for research although it can be used for operational monitoring. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 25, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541


With the use of modern methods of accumulated information analysis about the accidents on ground dams, it is possible to make the predictions concerning the probability of emergency occurrence and to calculate the possible consequences. The main reasons of subsoil dam destruction are the problems with ground bases or the lack of hydraulic structure capacity. The forecasting of a breakthrough wave expansion as the result of an accident was carried out using the example of the Nepokoevsky reservoir hydraulic structures in the Krasnopartizansky district of the Saratov region. In the event of a catchment structure destruction, the threat of the pressure front destruction is created, followed by the development of propane, through which the water front, spreading in the lower part of a hydraulic unit, forms a breakthrough wave and, thus, the territory flooding takes place. In order to predict a breakthrough wave and the flooding characteristics of the terrain during the break of hydraulic unit facilities, the "Volna" program (version 2.0) was used. In accordance with the classification of the Russian GTS Register, the level of dam safety is assessed as normal one, and the risk of a GTS accident occurrence probability is assessed as acceptable (permissible). According to the calculation results, the maximum flooding width will be 39.48 m on the right bank, the maximum depth of flooding will make 1.22 m at the distance of 0.95 km from the site of the hydraulic unit, the maximum speed of the wave will be 2.16 m/s at the distance of 11 km from the hydraulic unit site. At the distance of more than 23 km from the hydraulic unit site, the parameters of a breakthrough wave are within the permissible values, which do not cause destructive effect and any consequences of a negative nature.


A vast number of industrial processes require the addition and removal of heat at different stages of the same process. To accomplish heat recovery there are several technological options with specific characteristics. Thermal integration has been the focus of recent industrial developments to reduce variable costs through new investments when using fossil fuels for thermal energy generation. The conventional equipment for heat recovery uses conduction and convection heat transfer mechanisms and high surface area of a metal wall (normally subjected to corrosion and fouling) for the contact of the cold and hot fluids. Heat pipes are an option for heat recovery with less metal surface area (and therefore lower tendency to corrosion and fouling) because of their higher thermal conductivity, but have been used mostly for heat removal in electronic equipment. This study develops a closed-loop heat pipe configuration for heat recovery in industrial operations starting with a configuration for desalination. The variables of the heat pipe operation that were considered include the mini-channels structures associated to the evaporator section, the effect of the inclination of condenser to evaporator, the working fluids (ethanol-water mixtures, acetone, methanol, and isopropanol), and the internal pressure of the heat pipe (atmospheric and vacuum). The highest heat flux values (3.2 W/cm2 ) were obtained with a single layer mini-channels structure, 90° of inclination between the condenser and the evaporator, and a mixture of 16% ethanol in water as working fluid in the loop-heat-pipe because this mixture had the highest heat transfer parameter (that describes the capacity of the fluid to perform in a heat pipe) among the fluids tested and corresponded to the highest heat transfer rate measured.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Abstract : This study was conducted to (a) determine the current groundwater production capacity using the pumping data from 21 production wells; (b) estimate potential recharge from rainfall and surface water sources; (c) determine total groundwater availability using precipitation and soil data, and predict the future water use assuming a potential increase of camp population from 7,500 to 40,000; and (d) estimate water availability in a land zone adjacent to the Camp Humphreys area. Several modeling approaches were evaluated for the preliminary calculation of water budget at the site. Among these approaches, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance computer program suited the limited hydrogeological data that were available for the site. The recharged and stored water in the subsurface of the existing Camp Humphreys appears to be adequate for the current camp population usage. This assessment's model conditions predicted a potential recharge of nearly 4 billion gallons per year to the aquifer beneath land adjacent to the west side of Camp Humphreys and terminating at the Anseong River. If all of this aquifer recharge were available for withdrawal, it would meet future population needs for the expansion of Camp Humphreys (assuming a population of 40,000). However, the actual availability of this estimated aquifer recharge to new supply wells constructed in the adjacent land will depend highly on the density and hydrogeologic characteristics of bedrock fracturing, overlying soil and land use conditions, and groundwater quality conditions.


This article discusses the issues caused by traditional water resource development and utilization, as well as policy issues in China that have led to a water crisis. The article proposes a theoretical approach along with a quantitative accounting of water resources, in order to solve these problems. To improve the value accounting method for water resources, the study focuses on a unified accounting perspective of water quantity and quality, allowing for an evaluation of water use efficiency and quality. The study uses prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province as a case study and finds that the water use efficiency of these cities has constantly improved, while water quality has shown an annual improvement. Water resource assets, liabilities, and net assets have increased, but with fluctuations. The study shows differences in water resource assets, liabilities, and net assets in the eastern, central, and western regions of Hubei Province. The unified accounting perspective of water quantity and quality provides a new idea and method for the preparation of water resource balance sheets and will effectively improve the management level and efficiency of water resources.


The horizontal differential layer element method was used to study the active earth pressure of the finite-width soil formed by the rigid retaining wall for the embankment or adjacent foundation pits. The cohesionless soil was taken as the research object, and the soil arch theory was introduced based on the translation mode of rigid retaining wall and the linear sliding fracture surface. The minor principal stress line was assumed as circular, considering the deflected principal stress as soil arching effect. The shear stress between level soil layers in the failure wedge was calculated, and the differential level layer method was modified. Then, the theoretical formula of the active earth pressure, the resultant earth pressure, and the point of application of resultant earth pressure were obtained using this revised method. The predictions by the proposed formula were compared with the existing methods combined with the cases. It is shown that the resultant finite pressure increases gradually and approaches to Coulomb active earth pressure values when the soil is infinite, with the increase of the ratios of the backfill width to height. Moreover, the horizontal pressure for limited soils is distributed nonlinearly along the wall height. Considering the shear stress between level soil layers and the soil arching effect, the position of application point of the resultant active earth pressure by the proposed formulation is higher than that of Coulomb's solution. The wall is rougher, and the resultant pressure will be smaller. The application point distance from the bottom of the wall will increase. Finally, an experiment was conducted to verify the distribution of the active earth pressure for finite soil against rigid retaining wall, and the research results agree well with those of the experimented observations.


As part of the admission process to the North Carolina state prison system, 1,494 prisoners completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The mean BDI score for this population was 12.57 (SD=8.51), which corresponds to the "mild depression" range on the instrument. While overall BDI scores for prisoners were elevated relative to general population norms for the test, female inmates, younger prisoners, close custody inmates, and those serving their first period of incarceration produced even higher BDI scores. Thus, reports of generalized feelings of depression are common among prisoners. Results suggest that a score of 20 might serve as an appropriate cutting score to determine the need for further assessment and mental health intervention in this population. Factor analysis of the inmates' responses yielded four distinct, interpretable factors labeled (a) cognitive symptoms, (b) vegetative symptoms, (c) emotional symptoms, and (d) feelings of punishment. These factors may suggest different components of the response to incarceration.


This study addresses analysis on reactions which are induced in restraint system for airframe full-scale static structural test. This system restraints 6 degrees of freedom of a test article. It is valuable to study evaluating test error through analysis on the reactions which include all errors in a test. It is required to calculate fistly right reactions for the evaluation. This study focuses on calculation of the right reactions. The reaction is represented by sum of nominal reaction(Rn) and testing error reactions(Rce, Rerr) and is analyzed by two steps (inital vs relative reaction) in this study. It would evaluate intrinsic error at 0%DLL and error induced from applying test load, separately. Based on analysis using test data of a full-scale static test(canard type aircraft), resultant force of Rces and Rce_rs are distributed within 82.8N while resultant force of Rerr_rs shows to increase upto max. 808N as load level increment. Such well distribution of the Rce within the small range is caused from TMF values characteristics which are well distributed within –30N~40N. Additionally, it is shown through qualitative analysis on three components(X0, Y0, Z0) of the relative reaction(Rerr_r) that the reactions must be calculated with considering deformation of test article to calculate correctly reactions. This study shows also that equations characterizing deformation of components of test article are required to calculate the correct reactions, the equations must include information which will be used to calculate movement of all loading points.


Magnesium oxide and bilayer ZnO/MgO dielectrics film were successfully deposited using spin coating technique. The effect of MgO layer thickness towards prepared dielectric films behaviour was determined by controlling the deposition time. The comparison of the MgO and ZnO/MgO dielectrics film properties shows that the bilayer ZnO/MgO with 238nm MgO layer thickness shows better dielectrics properties compared to others. This was due to its small surface roughness which resulted in better electrical properties that have high resistivity and low leakage current. Optimized bilayer ZnO/MgO film was then used as the dielectrics film for fabrication of organic capacitor. Capacitor performance was determined via capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis at different frequency applied and it revealed that, the capacitance value increased from 2.4pF to 10pF with addition of PVDF-TrFE organic ferroelectric layer on bilayer ZnO/MgO film caused by high polarization produced in the film.


The external controllability of topological superconductors and Majorana fermions would be important both for fundamental and practical interests. Here we predict the electric-field control of Majorana fermions in two-dimensional topological superconductors utilizing a topological insulator thin film proximity coupled to a conventional $s$-wave superconductor. With ferromagnetic ordering, the tunable structure inversion asymmetry by vertical electric field could induce topological quantum phase transition and realize a chiral topological superconductor state. A zero-energy Majorana bound state appears at the boundary of an applied electric field spot, which can be observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Furthermore, the structure inversion asymmetry could also enlarge the helical topological superconductor state in the phase diagram, making the realization of such an exotic state more feasible. The electrical control of topological phases could further apply to van der Waals materials such as two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.


In the last few years the majority of pancreas transplants performed in this country have been drained through the bladder,1 which is a modification of the original Starzl technique of pancreatic duodenal grafts drained into the small intestine.2 However, urologic complication rates related to bladder drainage (BD) have remained high, which has lead to increased morbidity,3 lengthy hospitalizations, and an increase in cost. As better success rates of achieving an insulin-free state with normal carbohydrate metabolism have occurred in transplant centers performing simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPK), it is logical to extend this procedure, to a greater degree, to those diabetic patients requiring a solitary graft which heretofore have represented only a small percentage of the total number of pancreas transplants performed. To achieve this goal, however, success rates in the solitary organ group need to improve and morbidity must be low with subsequent lower cost.

We report herein our recent experience within the last several months with 21 enteric-drained (ED) pancreases and 10 BD grafts.


The paper presents the study of old ornamentation techniques used into making of two icons from the XVIII-th century, part of the heritage of Tazlau monastery, Neamt County. In order to do this, the materials used to create the polychrome layers and their current conservation state was analyzed. The data obtained by investigating the two mentioned elements have allowed for the identification of different traditional techniques, used for ornamental gilding. Optical microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were employed in the analyses. The archaeometrical characteristics of the pigments and binders, collaborated with the aesthetic analyses, allowed the dating of the two icons for the end of the XVIII-th century.


The overall objectives of the Disaster and Risk Management (DRM) project are to develop and strengthen the institutional capacities involved in national and local disaster management (technical agencies of the national RDM platform in Mali, Burkina and Senegal, civil society organizations and local communities) for the implementation of field activities. It is also a program of innovation and promotion of disaster risk reduction based on a precautionary approach through a culture of safety. It intends to implement the priorities of the Hyogo Framework, the technical adaptation to climate change and provisions relating to environmental protection, and to consolidate reforms in the governance of disaster management. For Burkina Faso, four (4) intervention areas were identified for the project as follows: 1) Area 1: Strengthening the operation of CONASUR; 2) Area 2: Establishing an early warning system; 3) Area 3: Strengthening the capacities for response; and 4) Area 4: Investments: micro-projects for development. The environmental and social management framework (ESMF) is meant to guide project activities so that environmental and social issues are taken into account and managed throughout all the activities implemented. For this, it will identify the risks associated with various project interventions and define mitigation and management procedures and measures to be implemented under the project. The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is designed also as a screening mechanism for environmental and social impacts of the project investments and activities. As such, it serves as a guide in developing specific Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs) of the project, the site and environmental and social characteristics of which are still unknown. In addition, the ESMF provides a framework for monitoring and surveillance as well as institutional arrangements for implementing the program and implementing activities to mitigate adverse environmental and social impacts, to remove them or reduce them to acceptable levels. As the RDM Project is essentially a program of institutional capacity strengthening, the following areas of intervention will have no negative impacts on the biophysical and socio-economic environment: Strengthening the functioning of CONASUR (Area 1); establishing an early warning system (Area 2); Capacity Building for responses (Area 3). However, some activities (including investment/micro-projects for development) of the Area 4 below may cause adverse effects on the environment: Income Generating Activities (IGA) and social structures affected by disasters (such as schools, hospitals, etc.) to recover or strengthen. Also, this analysis will focus primarily on the investment/micro-projects for development. The environmental and social issues for the planned implementation of micro projects and investment in intervention Area 4 (Investments and micro-projects for development) are: loss of land and socio-economic activities, deforestation, pollution and nuisances; waste generation; social conflicts; accidents; risk of vandalism and frustration for non use of local labor, etc.


ABSTRACT This study identifies key attributes of local people in enhancing tourists' personal connection and examines whether personal connection to local people induces the destination's distinctiveness and consequently positive word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions regarding the destination. For the empirical tests, data were collected from 280 tourists to Japan from South Korea and analyzed. The results indicate that (1) three attributes of local people (physical attractiveness, displayed positive emotions, and helpfulness) improved the personal connection; (2) the personal connection increased destination distinctiveness and WOM intentions; and (3) destination distinctiveness perceived by tourists generated WOM intentions. These results have important theoretical and practical implications.


It is generally recognized that poetry is the most difficult genre of literature to translate because linguistic competence alone does not guarantee an overall transference of all poetic factors. The soul of poetry is its aesthetic sense which can be conveyed in the light of picture reproduction to achieve aesthetic harmony and evoke similar emotional response in target readers. To achieve this goal, a descriptive analysis of translated poems from two perspectives, namely, reproduction of formal beauty and inner beauty, reproduction of static and motional pictures, are discussed in this paper.


The present invention is light-output efficiency and brightness enhancement while being to the EL display device and a manufacturing method is easy to manufacture, the substrate and the upper first electrode provided on the substrate, it is provided on the first electrode and a second electrode the first electrode and the counter, the first electrode and the second and first intermediate layer including a light emitting layer interposed between electrodes, the color conversion layer provided on top of the second electrode, and the second It provides an electroluminescent display device and a manufacturing method comprising the diffraction grating provided in between the electrode and the color converting layer.


Clinical data of CST in 365 cases between 1979-1985 were analysed. There were 60 cases with positive CST and 305 cases negative. The difference in CST results were compared in terms of high risk score, neonatel Apgar Score, amnionio fluid quality and quantity, plaoental aging, cord compression and the mode of delivery. The results showed that Apgar Scores of the newborn babies with positive CSTs were obviously lower than those with negative CSTs, high risk score and oesarean section rates were higher that those with negative CSTs (p0.05). The reliability of negative CST in predicting fetal health; the clinical significance and the management of positive CST were discussed.


Enlargement of the azygos vein is an important abnormahity, for which several causes have been well documented recently [i , 2]. This report emphasizes azygos vein enlargement as an indicator of traumatic aortoazygos fistula. In our case, isolated posttraumatic enlargement of the azygos vein was the only radiographic sign to suggest the lesion. Unfortunately, it was not recognized until 3 months later, when clinical deterioration led to investigation that demonstrated the fistula.


In this paper,the author try to research the possibility and the feasibility of realizing the cultivated land's dynamic balance in the songjinqing district of Shanghai city with the development of economics.In the last part of this article,the author provides several ways and measures to resolve this kind of problem.


[1] Rasmussen, R.D., and Michel, A.N.: Stability of Interconnected Dynamical systems Described on Banach Spaces. IEEE Trans. AC-21 (1976), pp. 464 471. [2] Lasley, E.L., and Michel, A.N.: Input-output stability of Large Scale Systems. Proc. Eighth Asilomar Conf. 1974, pp. 476-482. [3] Callier, F. M., Chan, W.S., and Desoer, C.A.: Input-output Stability of Interconnected systems Using Decomposition Techniques. IEEE Trans. CAS-23 (1976), pp. 714-729. [4] McClamroch,N.H" and Inaculescu, G. D. : Global Stability of Two Linearly Interconnected Nonlinear Systems. IEEE Trans. AC-20 (1976), pp. 678-682. [5] McClamroch, N.H.: A Representation for Multivariable Nonlinear Feedback Systems and Its Use in Stability Analysis. Part II Nonlinear Systems. Int. J. of Control 24 (1976). pp. 97 -107. [6] McClamroch, N.H.: Some Input-Output properties of Nonlinear Multivariable Feedback Systems. IEEE Trans. AC-21, (1976) pp. 567-572. [7] Popov, V.M.: Hyperstability of Control Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1973. [8] Rao, M.V.C., and Baliga, G.V.: Comments on "Global Stability ofTwo Linearly Interconnected Nonlinear Systems". IEEE Trans. AC-24 (1979). pp. 672-673.


A son of mesh cable tray may be coupled (1) consists of several longitudinal metal son (2, 2 ') and transverse (3, 3', 3 ") joined, the transverse son (3, 3 ', 3 ") having a U-shaped so as to form a base surface and two side surfaces. One of the longitudinal ends (A) comprises at least two transverse son (3 U, the ends of at least two longitudinal side son (2 ') and longitudinal son ends (2) of the base. The end longitudinally opposite (B) comprises at least two transverse son (3 ') U-shaped, the ends of at least two longitudinal side son (2 and son longitudinal ends (2) of the base. the latter two transverse son (3 ') from one end (a) are mutually separated by the same distance as that between the last two transverse son (3 ") of the opposite end (B).


The method of differential coherence multiplexing is demonstrated for multichannel temperature sensing. The idea of the method is to introduce into the conventional coherence-multiplexed sensor array a chain of stable etalon interferometers connected to the interrogating interferometer in parallel to the sensor chains. Optical delays of sensor interferometers are obtained from the phase shift of the interference maximums of the etalon and sensor coherence peaks. The technique is inherently insensitive to low-frequency phase noise in the interrogating interferometer and does not require any means for measurement of the optical path difference of the interrogating interferometer. Multiplexed temperature sensing is demonstrated in a chain of four extrinsic Fabry-Perot temperature sensors in the range of 400 degC with a root-mean-square noise of 0.005 degC. Theoretical estimations show a possibility of increasing the dynamic range to the units of 105


Due to continuous use, the degradation may occur in the system and it may cause the decrement in its performance. A multi-state degraded system incorporating the concepts of inspection, corrective and preventive maintenance (PM) has been investigated in this paper. The degraded stages of the model are considered as discrete state process out of which first stage is fully working stage and the last stage is failed stage. The PM policy is used according to which after reaching at the last acceptable degraded stage, the system can be brought back to the higher efficiency state. The system is subjected to random inspection at different degraded states. When the system fails, it can be restored by the use of corrective maintenance (CM). To compute the transient and steady-state probabilities of the system, Laplace transformation and recursive technique are used. Various performance measures such as production rate, availability, mean time between inspections, mean time between PM, mean time between CM, etc. are obtained using state probabilities. A numerical illustration has been facilitated to explore the effects of parameters on the system performance descriptors.


Abstract Collaboration between foreign subsidiaries and universities is relevant for multinational companies (MNCs) that aim at absorbing knowledge from abroad, as well as for universities and policy-makers attempting to maximize the spillovers associated with foreign direct investment (FDI). In this paper, we explore how MNCs collaborate with universities in the foreign countries where they locate and provide new empirical evidence for Spain as a host country. Using a probit model with panel data comprising 9,614 firms for the period 2005–2011, we explore differences between the propensity to collaborate with universities of foreign subsidiaries and Spanish firms. Subsequently, building on a new survey to 89 foreign subsidiaries and on a more detailed analysis of five case studies, we discuss the variety of motivations that drive collaboration with universities and relate the scale and scope of such collaborations with the dynamic mandates of foreign subsidiaries in global innovation networks.


The Czech Republic is changing rapidly and its current economic transformation is a strain on Czech families. In this study, the connection between economic strain and individual well-being is investigated via mailed questionnaires from 234 households in the Czech Republic. For Czech women, depression rises more with economic strain than does hostility, while Czech men become more hostile than depressed in the face of economic strain. For women, social support is a buffer between economic strain and hostility, whereas self-esteem is a buffer for depression. For men, both self-esteem and social support exacerbate hostility in the context of economic strain.


Under the condition of unknown real value of the mechanical model, effective and accurate identification of the mechanical parameters of the magnetorheological damper model has been an urgent problem in the field of civil engineering vibration control. In this paper, the ant colony optimization algorithm(ACO) and the unscented Kalman filter algorithm(UKF) are used to identify the parameters in Bingham model and Bouc-Wen model of MR damper. Experiments show that the ACO algorithm based on meshing can provide better initial values for the UKF algorithm, and the accuracy of the model identified by this numerical value is high, and the matching of the characteristic curve is also satisfied.


With the structure characters of complexity and network appearing in the Command Information System (CIS), a research idea based on complex networks was proposed, and a topology model of CIS was established through mapping three-dimensional structure to planar link. Then the characters of small-world and scale-free were validated by making an experimental analysis, and the application prospects of the network character were proposed, which provided positive theory inspiration and reference value for applying research productions of complex networks to the system construction in the future.


This study aimed to investigate the learning style preferences of undergraduate and graduate international students from a university in South Korea, who are learners of the Korean language, with the employment of Fleming's Visual, Auditory, Reading/writing, and Kinesthetic (VARK) model (Fleming and Mills, 1992). The result of the research data showed that all participants had a unimodal learning style preference with Aural learning preferences as the most preferred and Kinesthetic learning as the least preferred. Learning style identification would allow students to adjust their learning strategies. Also, this study encourages faculty to develop multiple teaching strategies to accommodate all learning-style preferences and therefore improve international students' Korean language learning. (Hoseo University)


The effect of thermooxidation on Tinuvin 783 which is a hindered amine light stabilizer in LDPE films has been investigated by UV and FTIR spectroscopy. Initially, a standard curve describing the variation of the concentration of Tinuvin 783 in LDPE films was plotted using the method of integration of the band area. The relation obtained was: band area = 19.6249 x [Tinuvin 783]. This equation was then applied to measure the variation of the concentration of Tinuvin 783 in the 0.2% wt stabilized samples which have undergone thermooxidation at 90°C for 98 days. The results showed a considerable decrease in the concentration of Tinuvin 783 by 35% during the first 30 days due to probably the formation of nitroxyl radicals. After this, the concentration was observed to be unchanged and may correspond to the phase of nitroxyl radical regeneration. On the other hand, no chemical change in the stabilized LDPE films was observed by FTIR spectroscopy at 90°C during 98 days while the band characteristic of ketone groups (1720 cm -1 ) was detected for the unstabilized samples after only 11 days. (LDPE: low density polyethylene; HALS: hindered amine light stabilizer).


Vertical cavity surface emitting (VCSE) lasers are potentially important in the area of optical processing where two-dimensional, addressable arrays of these lasers are envisioned. Although the addressing can be electrical, the required number of connections will ultimately limit the array size and their packing density. Optical addressing not only will eliminate the need for most of these connections, but will provide a natural interface with the input data which will already be in the form of optical patterns. In addition to optical addressing, optically implemented logic operations at each pixel will be useful and will eliminate the need for extra electronics. For example, with a laser that turns on if and only if both of two inputs are on (logical AND), one input pattern can gate the other. In this paper we will describe the first optically addressable VCSE lasers and the first optical AND gate with VCSE laser output.


The subject of this research is the state of economic security of municipalities and their role in ensuring economic security of the Russian regions. The object of this research is provision of economic security of the Russian regions. The article employs the methods of qualitative, quantitative and multi-criteria analysis for ranking regions and municipalities, as well as the methods of systematization and generalization. The author substantiates the relevance of ensuring economic security on the regional and municipal levels due to the fact that the crucial socioeconomic processes associated with economic activity of an the individual and phenomena determining the quality of life take place namely in the regions and municipalities. The main conclusion consists in determination and application of the most significant scientific approaches and methodologies, as well as best organizational practice of ensuring economic security of the municipalities, which allows detecting the threats and threshold values of the indicators of economic security indicators, and improving the quality of assessment of their level of economic security. This enables the mobilization of municipalities in the activity of ensuring their economic security and socioeconomic development. Experience has proven that the level of economic activity and quality of life is growing in the regions, where municipalities successfully solve the issues of their economic security. The scientific novelty of this study consists in revealing and analyzing the currently most important results in the sphere of economic security of the regions and municipalities, as well as in outlining the promising directions of research and their use in solution of the issues of economic security and socioeconomic development of the Russian regions and municipalities.


Abstract Covid‐19 (Coronavirus) is a health pandemic that has significantly affected the global economy and fundamentally changed society. The impacts of coronavirus are most apparent at the international business level due to the restrictions on travel and mobility of labor. This has necessitated an entrepreneurial outlook for businesses in order to survive in the current market environment. The aim of this article is to discuss the implications of the coronavirus for international business by taking an entrepreneurial ecosystem point of view. This enables a reflection on how the pandemic has impacted various entities of the ecosystem in terms of stakeholder engagement. Suggestions for acting in a more dynamic and innovative manner are provided that highlight the importance of utilizing entrepreneurial ecosystems in times of crises.