Approx. 5% of melanoma pts develop LMD. There are essentially no models of LMD available for therapeutic development. A significant barrier to the development of effective therapies against LMD has been the inability to culture and expand LMD cells. Here we report our strategies to in vitro & in vivo culturing of CSF-CTCs. As a proof of concept, we assessed response to Ceritinib (Cer), a non-canonical IGF1R inhibitor) in combination with MEK inhibitor.

 We collected CSF from 11 patients (pts) from various sources (ie: LPs, Ommayas, autopsies). 3 pts CSF were collected at autopsies. PD-CSF-CTCs were expanded in vitro in conditioned media and in vivo using CDX model. scRNAseq analysis was performed to assess expression profiles of PD-CSF-CTCs.

 Of the total 61 PD-CSF-CTCs collected from 11 pts (avg: 4.07 CSF collections/patient), we successfully cultured PD-CSF-CTCs from 3 pts (20%) and were able to grow them in vivo from 2 pts (18%). scRNAseq analysis identified MLANA, IGF1R, SOX9 and ErbB3 were among genes highly expressed in our PD-CSF-CTCs. We evaluated the responses of the combination Cer with MEKi (Tra) in vitro and in vivo and found that these agents produced therapeutic effects to both established melanoma cell lines and our PD-CSF-CTCs. For example, in vivo testing showed a median survival (MS): 18, 35, and 27 days in WM164, WM164R and the PD-CSF-CTCs, respectively, in control groups. Whereas treatment with Cer + Tra produced significantly better MS in all three in vivo models and was not reached in WM164, WM164R (p< 0.001 & p< 0.047, respectively) and 38.5 days in PD-CSF-CTCs (p< 0.032).

 Though the sample size is small, this is the first report of the successful in vitro & in vivo culture of CSF-CTCs from pts with LMD.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to single-axle vehicles with body stabilisation effected by means of a moving mass and gyros. The outer frame lengthwise half-axles accommodate an inner frame, one of the said half-axle being linked to the inner frame stabilisation motor. A bearing platform is rigidly attached to the inner frame to carry the load and to accommodate a flywheel so that the bearing platform centre of inertia is arranged above the wheel pair running half-axles. The inner frame accommodates, also, two bi-degree gyros and a balance weight. The flywheel arranged on the platform represents a motor connected to the control unit, the motor axis of rotation being parallel to the wheel pair running half-axles. The flywheel rotation speed increment is inversely proportional to the vehicle speed increment. EFFECT: higher reliability and accuracy of stabilisation of the bearing platform at wider range of its angular travel. 4 dwg


Growth of shallot plants could be increased through good plant cultivation such as using organic materials that can improve physical, chemical and biological properties in the soil and contain macro and micronutrients so that organic matter is needed in the form of municipal waste compost. The research objective was to study the responsiveness of the growth of onion varieties due to the application of municipal waste compost. This research was carried out in the Bandar Senembah village Binjai district Barat in February-March 2019. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 2 factors and 3 blocks. The first factor is the variety (V) and the second factor is Municipal waste compost (K). The results showed that that the best varieties are varieties Bima Brebes. Where the variety showed the highest leaf length per sample and highest number of tillers per sample while the application of municipal waste compost does not show a significant effect on parameters of leaf length per sample but for the number of tillers per sample shows a significant effect where the best results in the application of 3 kg/m2 (plot) municipal waste compost.

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The North Pacific has been thought of as a sleeping giant in Earth’s climate system.  Despite being a major reservoir of heat, nutrients, and carbon, the lack of deep water formation in this region today limits the exchange of these properties.  Here, using a variety of new and published sediment core data, alongside Earth system modeling, we provide evidence that the North Pacific giant is in fact a dynamic player in Earth’s climate system, with active PMOC during the LGM and deep water formation during HS1.  We also demonstrate a persistent Atlantic-Pacific seesaw in deep water formation during rapid climate change events, and discuss the impact of these changes on regional climate and global CO2.


Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. Its successful production depends mainly on meteorological factors. The aim of study was to define the most efficient tillage system (no-till, reduced or conventional tillage) and fertilizer amount (Ø, 330 or 660 kg ha -1 of N:P:K) for high maize yields (ZP 704) under rain-fed and irrigation conditions, according to the results of a longterm maize cropping experiment (1991-2010). The observed 20 year period was characterized by increasing trends of the average temperatures and sum of precipitation. A positive dependence between grain yield and precipitation was noticed only under rain-fed cropping. Weibull analysis emphasised that the highest yields were achieved with 330 kg ha -1 of N:P:K fertilizer and conventional tillage under unfavourable conditions. Negative meteorological factors were diminished under irrigation, where high inputs resulted in increased yields. However, rain-fed cropping is still the most abundant cropping practice in the world, and moderate inputs (330 kg ha -1 N:P:K) resulted in stability of the maize yield, regardless of the lower yields achieved. On the other hand, the high yields attained with high fertilizer and tillage inputs under irrigation could be reasonable only in seasons with low precipitation (drought).

http://89.188.43.75/agricultforest/20150926-17 Dragicevic et al.pdf


An antibacterial polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA6) composite fiber was prepared from PP,PA6 and inorganic antibacterial agent by composite spinning technology. The production process and the fiber properties were studied. The results showed that the incorporation of the antibacterial agent had no obvious effect on the spinning process. The cross section of the obtained PP/PA6 composite fiber was stable and clear when the spinning temperature was 260-270℃ for PA6 and 268-280℃ for antibacterial PP. The obtained fiber can be produced into a superfine antibacterial PP/PA6 composite fiber after dyeing and finishing. By detections,the fabric was proved to have an antibacterial effect against staphylococcus aureus,escherichia coli,bacillus pneumoniae and candida albicans and have a moisture adsorption,perspiration exhaust and quick drying function.


When it comes to the discussion of Chu Hsi's theory of t'uo-jan-kuan-t'ung, what he said about "investigate every natural phenomenon" or "study classics and history" tend to induce us to believe that he advocated an approach of induction of the ultimate principle by acquisition and accumulation of knowledge. However, such an interpretation would result in contradictions. While knowledge is resulted from inquiring into empirical li, kuan-t'ung aims at ontological li or T'ai-chi. The former concerns with empirical content and concepts, it can indeed be obtained by induction or generalization. But the latter cannot be reached in this way, it is in a realm "without emotion, deliberation and intention … just a pure and clear world of consciousness." Chu Hsi used paradoxical expressions such as "omniscient," "rough is delicate, and small is large." Thus, the accumulation of knowledge is just the first phase of ko-wu-chih-chih. Actually Chu Hsi concerned even more with moral reflection, as he said "to explore the moral feelings deep inside." Chu Hsi had emphasized the importance of the internal approach over the external one. This is the second phase of ko-wu-chih-chih that results in a moral insight. Its limitation lies in that it provides no answer to the paradoxical expressions, and it does not concern enough with moral practice. Kuan-tung, which is the last phase of ko-wu-chih-chih, is the mental state resulted from the radical transformation that goes beyond the first two phases. It is a mental state with heightened moral consciousness as well as the will to do moral acts. I try to provide arguments to support such a point of view in this paper.


Synchronous generator requires field winding for production of EMF in the armature winding. So generally DC field winding is used in case of excitation system of synchronous generator. Recently thyristor based converters were used for excitation system of synchronous generator but the system has some disadvantages. So to overcome that IGBT based converter is used which can fulfil that requirement.


The prevalence of medicines in the driving population and their role in traffic accidents is mostly unknown in the European countries. Larger roadside studies focusing on medicines with detrimental effects on road traffic safety should be organised, so results could be compared to the corresponding compounds detected in samples from accident drivers. In order to perform such studies, equipment with necessary sensitivity for detection of the most relevant compounds in appropriate biological media (e.g. saliva or sweat) is highly needed. Further studies on blood/saliva (or sweat) concentration ratios are therefore recommended. Collaboration studies with participation from different countries are thus important in order to obtain sufficient data for the calculation of reliable risk factors. Standard protocols covering biological medium to be used for analyses, compounds covered by the analytical program and their cut-off limits are thus recommended. Sub-division by groups of drivers responsible for the accidents (responsibility analysis) gives the most valuable data for accident risk calculations. Special focus must be paid to accident-involved drivers with more than one compound detected in their blood samples, or to those with blood drug concentrations reflecting doses higher than normally recommended for therapeutic use. Organisation of a common European database covering the prevalence of alcohol, illegal drugs and medicines among injured and fatal accident drivers provided by the different countries would be highly valuable. Routines should be considered for the exchange of information from accident studies to uncover "new" medicines that may have detrimental effects on traffic safety. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD Abstract No. E201067.


Cryogenic treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has proved beneficial in improving the abrasive wear resistance of several polymers, and it was thus assessed in an adhesive wear mode, as well. Preliminary investigations on the effect of cryogenic treatment on the tribological properties, in adhesive wear mode, and mechanical properties of neat PTFE and it composites filled with bronze or short glass fibres (GF) were carried out. It was found that, although the improvement in the wear and friction performance of neat PTFE and a GF + PTFE composite was significant, no such positive effect was observed for the bronze + PTFE composite. On the contrary, this composite showed a deterioration in performance.

The reason behind the improvement in the tribological behaviour of neat PTFE and the GF + PTFE composite could not be clearly understood. However, it was confirmed that, if the treatment adversely affected the mechanical properties, then the tribological performance also deteriorated. An examination of the worn surface of the material and the counterface disc using a scanning electron microscope revealed changes in the microstructure due to the treatment. It was also confirmed from these SEM studies that the compatibility of bronze and PTFE was very poor, which led to poor performance of the composite both in the untreated and the cryo-treated form. Further detailed investigation and analysis of various materials and composites, however, are necessary to establish the utility of this technique.


Abstract The title indolecarboxylate (1) is synthesized as a potential intermediate for the preparation of the central and right parts of CC-1065 (2).


Simple, yet versatile, methods to functionalize graphene flakes with metal (oxide) nanoparticles are in demand, particularly for the development of advanced catalysts. Herein, based on light‐induced electrochemistry, a laser‐assisted, continuous, solution route for the simultaneous reduction and modification of graphene oxide with catalytic nanoparticles is reported. Electrochemical graphene oxide (EGO) is used as starting material and electron–hole pair source due to its low degree of oxidation, which imparts structural integrity and an ability to withstand photodegradation. Simply illuminating a solution stream containing EGO and metal salt (e.g., H2PtCl6 or RuCl3) with a 248 nm wavelength laser produces reduced EGO (rEGO, oxygen content 4.0 at%) flakes, decorated with Pt (≈2.0 nm) or RuO2 (≈2.8 nm) nanoparticles. The RuO2–rEGO flakes exhibit superior catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction, requiring a small overpotential of 225 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The Pt–rEGO flakes (10.2 wt% of Pt) show enhanced mass activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, and similar performance for oxygen reduction reaction compared to a commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst. This simple production method is also used to deposit PtPd alloy and MnOx nanoparticles on rEGO, demonstrating its versatility in synthesizing functional nanoparticle‐modified graphene materials.


In order to provide basic data for tracing study of heavy metal nickel content change in soil after Urbanization of newly-developed Shannan District of Huaina City,the measuring points were set and a great deal of soil samples in different levels of newly-developed Shannan District of Huainan City were collected,which were decomposed by hydrochloric acid,nitric acid,hydrofluoric acid,and perchloric acid;and nickel content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.Based on statistical analysis of the determined data,the environmental quality of nickel in the newly-developed Shannan District of Huainan city was assessed by various methods.


The description of unitary evolution using non-Hermitian but 'hermitizable' Hamiltonians H is feasible via an ad hoc metric Θ = Θ (H) and a (non-unique) amendment ⟨ψ1|ψ2⟩ → ⟨ψ1|Θ |ψ2⟩ of the inner product in Hilbert space. Via a proper fine-tuning of Θ (H) this opens the possibility of reaching the boundaries of stability (i.e. exceptional points) in many quantum systems sampled here by the fairly realistic Bose–Hubbard (BH) and discrete anharmonic oscillator (AO) models. In such a setting, it is conjectured that the EP singularity can play the role of a quantum phase-transition interface between different dynamical regimes. Three alternative 'AO ↔ BH' implementations of such an EP-mediated dynamical transmutation scenario are proposed and shown, at an arbitrary finite Hilbert-space dimension N, exact and non-numerical.


Climate change has received unprecedented attention of the world leaders and media as well as activists, industrialists and ordinary citizens. The scientific community and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in particular have been pleading for action to halt global warming and the resulting climate change. The Copenhagen Climate Convention is a great success to the extent it brought a global environmental issue to the centrestage as evidenced by the assembly of the largest number of heads of state and governments, nearly 130 of them and government delegations from 191 countries, and over 40,000 delegates (scientists, activists, industrialists, etc.) registering for the convention. It was also a success in that no leader, for the first time, doubted the science of climate change; in fact leader after leader quoted IPCC scientific findings and spoke passionately and emotionally about the threats of climate change and how it will affect their people, food production, water supply and environment, and a last chance to save the world.


Classical Banach principle is an essential tool for the investigation of the ergodic properties of Cesaro subsequences. The aim of this work is to extend Banach principle to the case of the stochastic convergence in the operator algebras. We start by establishing a sufficient condition for the stochastic convergence (stochastic Banach principle). Then we formulate stochastic convergence for the bounded Besicovitch sequences, and, as consequence for uniform subsequences.


Anthropic induced changes in land use modify the habitat and microhabitat conditions for many species. Afforestation and grazing abandonment in steppe-like grasslands alters the characteristics of open natural areas. We aim to understand the habitat preferences of the European Green lizard in a nature reserve affected by both processes, using CORINE land cover and data recorded in the field. The results show that the species prefers sparsely shrubbed areas and edge habitat but avoids the interior of the pine plantation and totally open grassland. On microhabitat scale, most preferred structures were shrubs and logs. CORINE Landover data yields statistically less robust information than the microhabitat features recorded in the field Management measures should aim to increase habitat heterogeneity and to decrease compact afforested areas.


Objective To observe the effect of Curosurf on the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods 60 patients with NRDS were randomly divided into observation group and the control group(30 patients in each).The control group was given with conventional treatment,but the observation group received Curosurf on the basis of control treatment.Assisted respiration and duration of mechanical ventilation were observed after treatment.Blood gas analysis parameters and clinical efficacy after treatment were compared.Results Assisted breathing and mechanical ventilation time of the observation group were shorter than those in the control group(P0.05).p(O2),pH value and SaO2 and total effective rate in observation group were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Curosurf has significant effect on the treatment of NRDS.


The first rule of noncontact temperature measurement is that it is almost always a surface measurement. The sensor is pointed at a spot on the surface of the product and measures the IR radiation from this spot. The instantaneous size of the target spot depends on the sensor's collecting optics and the working distance to the target. The measurement is made in radiance and converted to an equivalent temperature value, if needed, by inserting a correction for the measured or estimated target surface emissivity. Typically, the decision to control a process is not made until a simple IR sensor is deployed and data are gathered over a period of operating time, under a variety of expected operating conditions, and at different points in the process. The condition (quality, consistency, etc.) of the product is correlated to the temperature variations experienced at the various monitored locations. The point (or points) in the process where temperature behavior is most closely related to product condition is selected as the permanent monitoring/control site (or sites). Variations in signal at this site are used to control the process. This can be done manually, with an observer maintaining the temperature reading within allowable limits by manually turning the process on and off, or by adjusting the process driving control (gas valve, heater current, speed adjustment, etc.). The trend, however, is to close the loop by means of a computer/data processor for automatic control of the process. The three control types described above—monitor, open-loop control, and closed-loop control—are illustrated in Fig. 10.1.


Hardware aliasing occurs when the same logical address can access different physical memory locations. This is a problem for software on some embedded systems and more generally when hardware becomes faulty in irretrievable locations, such as on a Mars Lander. We show how to work around the hardware problem with software logic, compiling code so it works on any platform with hardware aliasing with hidden determinism. That is: (i) a copy of an address accesses the same location, and (ii) repeating an address calculation exactly will repeat the same access again. Stuck bits can mean that even adding zero to an address can make a difference in that environment so nothing but a systematic approach has a chance of working. The technique is extended to generate aliasing as well as compensate for it, in so-called chaotic compilation, and a sketch proof is included to show it may produce object code that is secure against discovery of the programmer's intention. A prototype compiler implementing the technology covers all of ANSI C except longjmp/setjmp.


- The term soil stabilization means the improvement of the stability or bearing power of the soil by the use of controlled compaction, proportioning and the addition of suitable admixture or stabilizer, but the stabilization using waste plastic is an economic method as they are easily and cheaply available. This paper presents the CBR test conducted on fine sand reinforced with randomly distributed polypropylene fibers, under both soaked and unsoaked conditions with varying fiber content. Results of CBR tests demonstrate that inclusion of polypropylene fibers in sand with appropriate amounts improves strength and deformation behaviour of sub grade soils .The fiber addition rate varies from 0% to 2.5% at 0.5% interval. In this paper CBR value of reinforced sand increases by 113% compared to unreinforced sand. The optimum fiber content was found to be 2.5% (w/w). The addition of fiber becomes impractical after 2.5%.The proposed technique can be used in embankment, road construction, industrial yards etc.


This study's aim is to describe mathematics education college students difficulties when doing mathematical proof. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods. This study subjects are 3 mathematic education college students who take real analysis class. The subjects was chosen according to their mathematics proposition proof ability in real analysis. The study was carried out by two step test s, they are written and oral test. Based on the study results we know that: college student with high ability tends to have difficulty in write the information that used to proof in written form, but they still manage to get the right proof; college student with middle ability tends to have difficulty in construct the suitable steps and logics to proof the proposition; and college student with low ability tends to have difficulty in understanding the purpose, meaning, and properties that given by the known proposition in the task. In order to deepen this study results, in the next study, we can employs a standard method to detects difficulty, such as NEA (Newton's Error Analysis), to find more structured results.


By relying on survey-data from the CSES (Comparative Study of Electoral Systems) project, we run a number of simulated scenarios assuming that parties are interested in vote-maximizing, and we compute for each election the distribution of party ideological positions that corresponds to a Nash Equilibrium along a one-dimensional space. This is accomplished with the help of an original package that we have developed in R that implements Merill and Adams (2001) iterative algorithm. Through that it becomes possible to evaluate in a systematic way which are the factors that can push parties toward a more centrifugal (i.e., extreme) positions in equilibrium. Secondly, we show how the equilibrium positions so derived can become a counterfactual scenario against which contrasting the actual (perceived) position of parties. The aim of the comparison is to understand the nature of the electoral incentives facing parties, and deriving insights on real party system competition.


Graphics programs can be used to spark student interest and enthusiasm, and if they are interactive, even better. By supplying skeleton programs (with sliders) to CS I students, they are able to write such programs by mid-semester. CS II students add further event driven programming by utilizing mouse clicks.


In this paper we announce several results whose proofs will appear elsewhere. Throughout this paper M will be an «-dimensional smooth, connected, compact and oriented Riemannian manifold with boundary N. DEFINITION. If ƒ is a smooth function on M then the rth invariant, Sr(f), of the Hessian operator of/, where r = 0, 1, . . . , n, is the rth elementary symmetric function of the eigenvalues of this operator.


The inhibitive effect of xanthene dyes on tryptic activity was examined, using erythrosin, phloxine, and Rose Bengal, photodecomposed in various ratio by irradiation of ultraviolet ray in phosphate buffer at pH 7.6. Experimental results showed that the degree of inhibition was almost constant for a range of decomposition of these compounds from 0 to 70%. Purplish products (PP-1 and RP-1) were separated from the photodecomposed phloxine and Rose Bengal solutions on a cellulose column by elution with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Both PP-1 and RP-1 were confirmed to inhibit the tryptic activity.


This reagent can be used in ELISA, Western blotting and Dot blot to detect antigens and antibodies. It is important in the immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases and other problems. Protein L binds to kappa light chains of immunoglobulins from many animal species including human, mouse, rat, chicken, hamster and pig [1]. 1. Justiz-Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF. Comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species.West Indian Med J. 2013;62(1):12-20. DOI dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjkkkkuw PROTOCOL CITATION Angel A Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Preparation of horseradish peroxidate (HRP) conjugated Peptostreptococcal protein-L by the periodate method.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjkkkkuw LICENSE This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited CREATED Aug 11, 2020 LAST MODIFIED Aug 11, 2020 PROTOCOL INTEGER ID 40300 1 08/11/2020 Cita tion : Angel A Justiz-Vaillant (08/11/2020). Preparation of horseradish peroxidate (HRP) conjugated Peptostreptococcal protein-LÃÂ by the periodate method.. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjkkkkuw This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited MATERIALS TEXT MATERIALS Ammonium Sulfate P212121 Sodium periodate Bio Basic Inc. Catalog #SB0875.SIZE.100g sodium borohydride Sigma Aldr ich Catalog #452882 Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) type IV Sigma Aldr ich Catalog #P8375-25KU Protein-L from P. Magnus Contr ibuted by users 1 Horseradish peroxidase (500 μg in 50 μl NaCO3 , pH 9.6) is mixed with freshly made sodium periodate solution (1.71 mg/ml) followed by incubation in the dark for 2 h. 2 Mix 500 μg of protein-L (SpL) with an equal amount (500 micrograms) of a mix of horseradish peroxidase-sodium periodate. 3 The mixture is incubated for 3 hours at 4°C with gentle agitation. 4 Forty μl of freshly prepared NaBH4 solution (5 mg NaBH4 /ml 0.1 mM NaOH) is then added to the preparation. 5 The preparation is incubated for 90 min at 4°C in the dark with gentle agitation. 6 Cold 50% saturated ammonium sulphate solution (pH 7.4) is added drop by drop in the ratio 1:1 (v/v). 7 The mixture is then centrifuged for 25 min at 4°C and recover the pellet at the bottom of the tube. 8 The pellets is re-suspended in 200 μl of PBS pH=7.4 and dialysed against 1L of PBS for 24 h with 3 buffer changes. 9 An equal volume of glycerol is added to the dialysate followed by 100 μl of bovine serum albumin, BSA (20 mg/ ml). 10 The conjugate is then stored at -20°C until further used. 2 08/11/2020 Cita tion : Angel A Justiz-Vaillant (08/11/2020). Preparation of horseradish peroxidate (HRP) conjugated Peptostreptococcal protein-LÃÂ by the periodate method.. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjkkkkuw This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited 3 08/11/2020 Cita tion : Angel A Justiz-Vaillant (08/11/2020). Preparation of horseradish peroxidate (HRP) conjugated Peptostreptococcal protein-LÃÂ by the periodate method.. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjkkkkuw This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited


In this paper, a design method of fuzzy control system of engine variable valve timing (VVT) is proposed. In this system, the fuzzy controller is used. The VVT system adopted fuzzy controller eliminates shortcomings in traditional control method such as low accuracy and unsteadiness etc. It has been proved by vehicle road test that the system is effective to meet the demand of real vehicle driving condition, and it has reliable control accuracy, high-speed responsibility and good reliability.


The goal of this paper is surveying problematic and expelled parts of the town of Dvůr Kralove nad Labem. I want to find out the reasons of their rise and selection of these localities for settlement by socially expelled citizens. The paper leans on theoretical starting points of the town's anthropology. I have applied the sourced knowledge on a historically, geographically, and search for compliences in the expelled localities.


Social, economic, political and other changes taking place in Russia in recent decades have made little difference in the architecture of residential buildings and apartments that are being built in various Russian cities. The article studies people lifestyle as the main factor that influences the typological characteristics of residential and multifunctional buildings and complexes. The paper considers the comfort criteria of the modern urban environment. It is reported that people lifestyle and its fundamental categories should be decisive in choosing and determining the parameters of apartments, different types of residential buildings and their typological diversity. The paper provides these categories that are the living standard, way of living, life quality and custom. Undoubtedly, lifestyle affects the choice of high-rise buildings, the size and the kind of premises in apartments, the number and quality of service functional elements and a lot of other things related to creating comfortable modern and convenient urban living environment.


The paper describes the stages of formation and development of the Repository of Lodz University as a means of scholarly communication. The benefits of the existing open scientific platforms are listed here. The idea of promoting Open Access in the community Lodz scientists is also signalled.


Key Points Question Is the transition from acute to chronic low back pain (LBP) associated with risk strata, defined by a standardized prognostic tool, and/or with early exposure to guideline nonconcordant care? Findings In this cohort study of 5233 patients with acute LBP from 77 primary care practices, nearly half the patients were exposed to at least 1 guideline nonconcordant recommendation within the first 21 days after the index visit. Patients were significantly more likely to transition to chronic LBP as their risk on the prognostic tool increased and as they were exposed to more nonconcordant recommendations. Meaning In this study, the transition rate to chronic LBP was substantial and increased correspondingly with risk strata and early exposure to guideline nonconcordant care.


The author plans to integrate the two specialized practical courses, Architectural Painting and Computer Aided Rendering, for they are of similar types。The integration can simplify the teaching process, economize the teaching resources and improve the teaching effects. It can also close the link between basic courses and specialized courses and that between theoretical courses and practical courses and strengthen the combination of art and technique.


A three dimensional analysis model is developed on the fatigue life prediction of composite laminates based on a progressive damage analysis. This model consists of stress analysis, fatigue failure analysis and material property degradation. Teserpe's failure criteria is used to fatigue damage analysis. Fiber tensile/compressive breakage, matrix tensile/compressive cracking, matrix/fiber shear failure and tension/compression delamination are considered in fatigue damage analysis. The methodologies of sudden degradation and gradual degradation are both applied in the material property degradation. The stiffness and strength gradual degradation is based on the Shokrieh fatigue model, which is based on fatigue test for unidirectional laminates. In order to consider the scatter of the material in the practical structures, the stiffness and strength of the material are randomly distributed using normal distribution in the numerical model. The progressive fatigue damage model is developed in finite element code ABAQUS through user subroutine UMAT, which can simulate the fatigue damage process. Fatigue life of different ply stacking sequences and geometries composite laminates under different cycle loading are predicted. The predicted fatigue life is in good agreement with the experimental results.


Abstract Goetsch, A.L., Puchala, R., Lachica, M., Sahlu, T. and Dawson, L.J. 2000. Effects of dietary levels of forage and ruminally undegraded protein on early lactation milk yield by Alpine does and doelings. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 18: 49–60. Thirty-one Alpine does and 31 doelings (52±1.62 and 34±0.86 kg initial body weight, respectively) were used to determine effects of dietary levels of forage and ruminally undegraded protein (RUP) and change in forage level on early lactation performance. Goats began a 2-week covariate period at 3–9 days after parturition, then were assigned to treatments: 80 = 80% forage diet; 80R = 80 with added RUP; 40 = 40% forage diet; 40R = 40 with RUP added; 40–80 = 80 in weeks 1–3, transition to 40 in weeks 4–5 and 40 in weeks 6–16; and 80R-40R-80R in weeks 1–3, transition to 40R in weeks 4–5 and 40R in weeks 6–16. Diets were 18–19% crude protein (dry matter basis);for 80R and 40R, equal crude protein was supplied by blood, fish and feather meals, substituting for approximately two-thirds of soybean meal protein. Milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for 40 and 40R than for 80 and 80R, and was influenced (P<0.05) by RUP in weeks 1–3 and 4–5 (weeks 1–3: 2.51, 2.74, 2.72, 3.33, 2.44 and 2.54 kg/day; weeks 4–5: 2.52, 2.73, 3.13, 3.59, 2.56 and 2.62 kg/day; weeks 6–16: 2.18, 2.33, 2.85, 3.11, 2.54 and 3.01 kg/day for 80, 80R, 40, 40R, 80–40 and 80R-40R, respectively). Milk protein concentration was greater (P<0.05) for 40 and 40R than for 80 and 80R (e.g., week 5: 2.81, 2.72, 2.91, 2.86, 2.76 and 2.94% for 80, 80R, 40, 40R, 80–40 and 80R-40R, respectively). In conclusion, milk yield- in a 16-week early lactation period was greater with 40 vs 80% forage, although RUP impacted milk yield only early in the experiment. Changing dietary forage level in early lactation of dairy goats did not influence subsequent production.


ABSTRACT This paper explores smallholder farmers' perceptions of and adaptations to water scarcity in an irrigated system in south-eastern Mexico. Data from 85 farmers in four communities were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that farmers' adaptations are stimulated by their perceptions of the causes and dynamics of water scarcity. Findings also reveal that differences in perceptions of, and adaptations to, water scarcity within communities are due to characteristics such as irrigation techniques, water intake location, productive systems and access to groundwater. This study recommends the implementation of policies based on local conditions to cope with water scarcity.


Author(s): Lee, Seung Won | Abstract: Classification of "small K-types" for the connected, simply connected split real form of simple Lie type other than type C_n is obtained via Clifford algebras which completes the list of all small K-types of dim g 1 for the connected, simply connected split real form of simple Lie types. An analog, P[xi], of Kostant's P[gamma] matrix is defined for a K-type V_[xi] of principal series admitting a small K-type, and a product formula of the determinant of P[xi] over the rank one subgroups corresponding to the reduced restricted roots is proved. The product formula and the relationship between P[xi] and intertwining operator between the genuine principal series representations give a method to compute the shift factors of Vogan and Wallach's generalization of Leslie Cohn's determinant formula for the restriction of the intertwining operator to a K-isotypic component given in terms of ratios of classical gamma functions. The determinant of the intertwining operator between the genuine principal series representations of widetilde [SL(n,R)] (n g 3) is obtained as a ratio of classical gamma functions


This study surveyed 162 short-term mission participants who traveled to Honduras to help build homes after the 1998 devastating Hurricane Mitch. The survey found that while participants reported th...


Photocatalysis degradation of breweries' wastewater was studied by using SnO2/ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalyst.The photocatalysis activity of composite catalyst prepared at different calcining temperature and holding time was investigated through the determination of COD value in wastewater.The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of SnO2/ZnO nanocomposites which calcined at 600 ℃ for 6 hour was obviously improved.The COD value of breweries' wastewater dropped from about 9900 mg/L to about 650mg/L after photodegradation and the degradation rate reached at 93 %.


Let D be a proper subdomain of R" and kD the quasihyperbolic metric defined by the conformal metric tensor ds2 = dist(x, dD)~2ds2. The geodesies for this and related metrics are shown, by purely geometric methods, to exist and have Lipschitz continuous first derivatives. This is sharp for kD; we also obtain sharp estimates for the euclidean curvature of such geodesies. We then use these results to prove a general decomposition theorem for uniform domains in R", in terms of embeddings of bi-Lipschitz balls. We also construct a counterexample to the higher dimensional analogue of the decomposition theorem of Gehring and Osgood. the defining density dist(x, 3D)"1 need not be differentiable. We primarily are interested in studying the geometry of the quasihyperbolic meric and its geodesies. We show that the geodesies of this metric are C11, i.e. the arclength parametrisation has Lipschitz continuous derivatives. We show that this is best possible and obtain a sharp result on the euclidean curvature of such geodesies. These results are proved for a more general class of metrics, in particular metrics defined by locally Lipschitz densities. We then use these results to prove a gener- alisation of the decomposition theorem of Gehring and Osgood for uniform domains in ri-space. I wish to express my sincere thanks to F. W. Gehring for suggesting many of these problems, for many helpful ideas and simplifications throughout and for allowing me to present his proof of Theorem 3.7. I also wish to thank him and D. Herron for carefully reading the manuscript.


SYNOPSIS

A technique is described for the storage of biological materials in air tight sachets made from a new aluminium-polythene laminate. Tissues containing highly mobile soluble radioactive material have been stored for periods up to six months in these sachets which are stored in a liquid nitrogen refrigerator. This method of storage preserves the tissues in such a way as to prevent ice crystal damage, and also prevents cross-contamination of radioactive material which would result from contact between radioactive specimens.


Linkage between drug claims data and clinical outcome allows a data‐driven experimental approach to drug repurposing. We develop an estimation procedure based on generalized random forests for estimation of time‐point specific average treatment effects in a time‐to‐event setting with competing risks. To handle right‐censoring, we propose a two‐step procedure for estimation, applying inverse probability weighting to construct time‐point specific weighted outcomes as input for the generalized random forest. The generalized random forests adaptively handle covariate effects on the treatment assignment by applying a splitting rule that targets a causal parameter. Using simulated data we demonstrate that the method is effective for a causal search through a list of treatments to be ranked according to the magnitude of their effect on clinical outcome. We illustrate the method using the Danish national health registries where it is of interest to discover drugs with an unexpected protective effect against relapse of severe depression.


An unsteady and strong vortical propeller wake can have significant interaction with a body in its race. Since the pod and strut is located downstream an operation propeller for a tractor-type podded propeller, it faces risks of earlier cavitation on the strut, severe vibration of the pod unit, and noise of the propulsor. The aim of this work is to develop a prediction method for the pressure fluctuation on the surface of the pod and strut. -- The study consists of two parts, experimental and numerical. In the experimental study, a podded propeller was tested in a cavitation tunnel. The tip-vortex interacting with the strut was visually investigated, and the strut surface pressure and the propeller shaft loads were measured. By using a data processing procedure, the load and pressure measurements were broken down into time-averaged and phase-averaged components. These components were then linked to the steady and dynamic performance of the propulsor. Pressure measurements showed that the low time-averaged pressure was concentrated in the area around the leading edge of the strut. The lowest pressure was located on the strut suction side near the junction of the strut and pod. However, the largest amplitude of the phase-averaged pressure occurred on the strut leading edge where the tip-vortex impacts the strut. Based on measurement of the propeller shaft loads, the wake impingement effect on the propeller performance was evaluated. The evaluation was made by comparing the shaft loads measured in two tests with and without the installation of the pod and the strut. These showed that wake impingement had no significant effect on the propeller shaft loads, neither on the steady component nor the dynamic components. -- In the numerical study, a Wake Impingement Model (WIM) was developed and inserted into a panel code, PROPELLA. Simulations of the pressure variation on the strut surface were then conducted using the software. The WIM starts from the relaxed and aligned propeller wake. The motion of the wake sheet was traced step by step. For each time step, every wake panel moved from its previous location to a new position. The new position was determined by the product of the time interval and the local induced velocity. When the wake approached the strut, a scheme was applied to keep the wake from penetrating the body surface. To avoid the large numerical disturbance resulting when two dipole panels get too close, the two dipole panels were merged before the calculation of influence coefficients. Numerical simulations on the same tractor-type podded propeller as that in the experimental study were conducted. Although the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation in the tip-vortex/strut interaction zone was under-predicted, comparisons of the numerical results with the experimental data indicated that the simulated pressure was in good agreement over most of the impingement area. Both experimental and numerical studies with the WIM show that WI has insignificant (around 2%) effects on the propeller thrust and torque.


Combustion characteristics in a supersonic combustor with ethylene injection upstream of dual parallel cavities were investigated experimentally in a direct-connected test rig with inflow conditions of Ma = 3.46, Po = 3.60 Mpa and To = 1430 K. The combustor has a two-dimensional rectangular configuration with single-side expansion. Two open cavities with the same size were mounted on the expanded and horizontal walls, respectively. Static pressure distribution in the axial direction was measured along the centerline of the expanded wall. High-speed flame luminosity and schlieren were used to capture the combustion and flow structures at different equivalence ratios. Two clusters of separated and asymmetric flames were found to be stabilized near the dual parallel cavities in all tests. The flame and flow characteristics changed with the combustion modes. For scramjet mode, no obvious flow separation occurred near the walls and the two flames were both stabilized in the cavity shear layer and recirculation zone. For ramjet mode, the high back pressure resulting from intense heat release induced a large-scale recirculation zone upstream of the cavity mounted on the expanded wall, which supplied a favorable combustion condition and the flame was stabilized in the jet-wake. Meanwhile, there was no obvious separation near the horizontal wall, with the local flame stabilized in the cavity shear layer. It is suggested that the combustion near the horizontal wall should be enhanced to improve the combustion performance and avoid a non-uniform flow field at the combustor exit.


FIELD: games. SUBSTANCE: gaming device comprising input point position reception unit and first game control unit. Input point position reception unit receives input point position provided by player through touch panel, which can simultaneously read several input points. On display first game control unit displays screen several objects and sequence, in which these objects must be destroyed on display screen image, and when input point position obtained by input point position production unit is position, which corresponds to such position, where object to be destroyed next is displayed, destroys this object on screen image. First game control unit comprises: single input control unit, which is in case, when input of one object is confirmed, destroys this object; and several graphic symbols input control unit, which is in case, when input of several objects is confirmed, destroys these objects. EFFECT: enabling higher dynamism due to performance of single and multiple impacts on touch panel. 10 cl, 12 dwg


Presidents since Woodrow Wilson have lectured about the need for democracy promotion, but the historical record is clear: Regardless of party, the rhetoric has not been matched with deeds. President George W. Bush likewise articulated a Freedom Agenda of human liberty and democratic institutions. This essay elucidates the moral claims that Bush made in his Freedom Agenda. It considers whether his administration followed through with concrete action. The discussion concludes that the Freedom Agenda was an integral part of the Bush administration's foreign policy, and that it was funded and institutionalized by Congress in the Advance Democracy Act (2007) and National Security Presidential Directive 58 (NSPD-58) largely because of his presidential focus and leadership.


A concordancer is a tool for text analysis, which can generate lists of all the occurrences of the key word in context (KWIC) in an electrouic text or text collection (corpus). Concordancing lists from corpus therefore present words in authentic context, which may be useful for learners to learn vocabulary.Convictions are strong among language professionals that contexmalized vocabulary learning is more effective than learning words in isolation (McCarthy, 1990).Even though the relative value of concordancers in assisting vocabulary learning has been investigated and synonym learning by using concordancers has been proved possible, fewer experiments have been done on the effectiveness of concordancers in contrast to using traditional dictionaries of synonyms. The present study hypothesizes that: ①Concordancers will have a better effect on students' synonym learning than using traditional dictionaries of synonyms. ② Participants will perform differently according to the difficulty types of synonyms. They will find those English synonyms with different transhtion in their L1 (Chinese) easier to learn than those with the same translation in their L1. In this study, 200 second-year non-English-major-undersraduates participated in a test of 30 pairs of synonyms with either the same or different transhtion of their L1. The target words were chosen from the wordlists for CET test. 60 participants and 6 pairs of synonyms were chosen. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which used a dictionary as the aid of learning the 6 pairs of synonyms, while the other used web-based concordancing tools. A posttest was given on the 6 pairs of synonyms. The result showed that the hypothesis that concordancers are more effective in helping the subjects distinguish synonyms was not supported (sig. = 0. 830 > 0.05). The hypothesis that the synonyms with the same L1 transhtion are more difficult for the subjects to distinguish is supported (sig. =0. 001 <0.05).


The paper presents a dialogue between contemporary phenomenology and Plato on the nature and complexity of pain. Taking as a departure point Drew Leder's "The experiential paradoxes of pain" the article delves into the essentially liminal character of pain. It focusses afterwards in two paradoxes that these experiences reveal. The first one is the one that describes the pain as a sensation and also as an interpretation. The second is the one that describes the pain as a destructive but also productive experience. We discuss throughout the article how the Platonic approach, although being much more holistic (in the sense of always combining the personal, ethical, political, and cosmological perspective), is not far from the phenomenological one. And we conclude that both methods try to limit and to describe an experience that escapes all limitations and determinations.


Of all the animals,the dog is so controversial that it is mostly praised and depreciated.On the one hand,a dog,a friend of human being,symbolizes loyalty,kindness and gratitude.On the other hand,it symbolizes ignorance,cruelty and guile,hence frightening us.These characteristics of the dog are widely reflected in language,custom,literature and arts.Meanwhile,the cultural symbols of the dog diversify because of the cultural differences.The interpretations of them aim to arouse our respect for all the living things on the earth,and to make us get along with nature,animals harmoniously.


Abstract The α-exo-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety is present in a vast array of structurally diverse natural products and is often central to their biological activity. In this short review, we summarize new approaches to α-exo-methylene-γ-butyrolactones developed over the past decade as well as their applications in total synthesis. 1 Introduction 2 Approaches to α-exo-Methylene-γ-butyrolactones 2.1 Enantioselective Synthesis via Lactonization Approaches 2.2 Enantioselective Halolactonizations 2.3 Enantioselective Barbier-Type Allylation 2.4 C–H Insertion/Olefination Sequences 2.5 Alkene Cyclization 2.6 Strain-Driven Dyotropic Rearrangement 3 β-(Hydroxymethylalkyl)-α-exo-methylene-γ-butyrolactones 4 Applications in Total Synthesis 4.1 Sesquiterpene Lactones 4.2 Lignans 4.3 Other Monocyclic Natural Products 4.4 Choice of Methodology in Recent Total Syntheses 5 Summary and Outlook


Recently, Diosi et al. introduced a simple, yet very interesting model for reservoirs, in order to study the relationship between thermodynamic entropy production of a system and the corresponding von Neumann entropy (or informatic entropy, as it was called by the authors). They came up with a conjecture about the asymptotic behaviour of the state introduced in the model. The conjecture was proven later by Csiszar et al. In this paper, we give a different interpretation of the original question and extend the result to a collection of more general states.


The article attempts to answer the question whether being a celebrity can be considered as a profession in the world which is nowadays dominated by digital media. In the initial part of the text, the enthemology of the term "celebrity" is presented and the definitions of the celebrity are given in relation to traditional media, such as television or the press, and to the virtual internet space, where celebrities are called influencers. Then, it was presented how popular people can earn on their recognition, and what the amounts are. Rankings of the most valuable, from the advertising campaigns' point of view, celebrities were presented. The most popular profiles of people presently performing in social media in Poland were analyzed, including those with the largest Instagram account ranges or the most profitable YouTube channels. The contents and ranges related to the presented topics were discussed. The most lucrative social issues in the media space are listed, which includes topics related to fashion, travel, healthy lifestyle, luxury products or showing private lives of people who are related to broadly understood showbiz (including actors, singers, journalists). Examples of people from celebrity families are given, who have become popular due to the fact that they are associated with an active person in the media (including celebrity children) and earn on the internet by running their profiles on social networks. Also, the dangerous phenomenon of patoinfluencers, who gain publicity by presenting content related to violence, the use of stimulants, aggression, profanity, etc. was highlighted. As a summary, it was recognized that being a modern celebrity/influencer can be considered as a type of profession, because earning popularity allows to obtain such remuneration, which is a source of income, and being a celebrity determines the position of the individual in the society.


Dysfunctional audit behavior is the behavior of auditors in the audit process that is not appropriate or deviates from the standards set. The aim of the study was to determine: (1) the influence of locus of control on dysfuncional audit behavior, (2) the effect of turnover intention on audit behavior dysfuncional, (3) the influence of organizational commitment on dysfuncional audit behavior, (4) the influence of emotional, spiritual, quetiont intelligence (ESQ) against dysfuncional audit behavior.This research was conducted at the Republic of Indonesia BPK Representative auditor West Sumatra Province in 2019. The samples obtained were 44 auditors. The sample collection method uses total sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed (1) locus of control did not affect the dysfunctional audit behavior with a significance value of 0.012 <0.05, (2) turnover intention had a positive effect on dysfunctional audit behavior with a significance value of 0.003 <0.05 (3) organizational commitment had no effect towards dysfunctional audit behavior with a significance value of 0.249> 0.05 and (4) emostional spiritual quotient does not affect the bahaviour dysfunctional audit with a significance value of 0.716> 0.05.


A rapid growth of radio services leads to the deficiency of frequency resource, but the utilization of the radio service at M/W band is very low, relatively. Therefore, wideband characteristics at 8 GHz band, is requested to solve the deficiency of frequency resources. The wideband characteristic such as the delay spread of multipath signals was measured with a channel sounder under LOS environment. And, the delay spread model was proposed from the measured results. The model was compared with ITU-R model and they were agreed well at similar conditions. But, it needs more measurements and analysis of some environments such as suburban areas and non-LOS conditions. After then, the delay spread model will be completed and it could be grasped a characteristics of M/W band according to radio environments.


According to the perception that subjects have about geographic objects, people can evaluate their proximity. The answers to the question if a geographic object is near other will be different according to the environment that the objects belong to. Also, when we consider geographic objects that do not have well defined boundaries, the perceptions of people with respect to the distance will be very different. This work focuses on determining the proximity relationships between geomorphological objects such as mountains and plains in order to find composite geomorphometric objects based on their semantic description. The paper describes a methodology in which we propose the use of relations between geomorphological objects to determine if an area (semantically described) can be considered as a "valley". We particularize the distance metric in the application domain of the landforms byapplying polls that allow us to obtain the perception of people about the proximity.


ABSTRACT The learning process of computer programming course requires the skills of programming flow arrangement and programming logic. The reading materials, exercises, and classroom discussion have not met the learning goals of this course. Therefore, an additional media needs to be implemented to improve the learning process. The program of macro recording in Microsoft Office can facilitate the students to have exercises and material analysis autonomously beyond the classroom activities. This study belongs to action research. The participants were the sixth semester students of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, who joined computer programming course for 4 months. This research employed two cycles, which was started by planning, implementation & observation and finally, reflection. The result of the research showed that there was an improvement of the learning achievement from 2.8 into 3.29 for computer programming course by utilizing macro recording facility of Microsoft product. Keywords: Recording Macro, Learning Process


fracture surfaces of austenitic samples tested at room temperature show a correlation between fracture characteristics, .o. Kvalue and Rratio : 1) at low .o. Kvalues up to 400 N /mm3 / 2 and stress ratios of R = 0 . 1 and R = 0.7, no fatigue striations but fan like features and flat facets can be seen; 2) fatigue striations, but no facets exist at .o. Kvalues greater than 900 N/mm / 2 and R = 0.1; 3) at a higher stress ratio of R = 0 .7 the facets disappear already at lower ..,. K-values of about 650 N /mm3 / 2 • Applied to failure analysis, this correla tion permits an estimate of operating level of fatigue stress as a result of the evaluation of fatigue fracture characteristics . fracture characteristics of samples tested at 200°C differ from those tested at room temperature, but do not show any appreciable changes in fracture features dependent on the .o. Kvalue and Rratio.


Based on ANSYS FLUENT, a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model has been developed to investigate the limit cycle flutter (LCF) characteristics of a bridge deck. Its accuracy is verified by simulating the critical flutter state of one thin plate section with theoretical solutions. The unsteady flows around an elastically supported deck at different wind speeds and structural damping ratios are simulated. The LCF phenomenon of the bridge deck is well captured by the present numerical model. The simulated results indicate that the LCF amplitude increases gradually with the wind speed until the divergent flutter occurs. The structural damping has remarkable influence on the critical wind speed and the LCF amplitude. The characteristics of aerodynamic energy input and dissipation during LCF are detailedly investigated. The total mechanical energy varies bounded during LCF, and it remains unchanged in a vibration period. For the LCF occurrence, the work done by aerodynamic forces and the dissipated energy by structural damping should cancel out. The developed numerical simulation approach can help to serve as a building block for developing an overall analysis framework for investigating the LCF characteristics of long-span bridges.


The current article is devoted to the study of H. C. Andersen's fairy tale The Ugly Duckling. The main subject of the study is the fabulous transformation of the tale's protagonist from a loser into a winner. The research was performed within the archetypal paradigm originated by C. G. Jung (1875–1961). A simplified content analysis of the text was carried out using a set of archetypes composed of elements from the collections of С. Pearson and С. Myss. The study managed to a) identify the archetypal picture that accompanied the protagonist's sad journey, b) find the key archetypes responsible for his unrelenting motivation to survive and search for a better life, and c) identify the archetypal mechanism of the hero's transformation from a loser and an outcast into a winner. The results obtained allow us to conclude that Andersen's fairy tale The Ugly Duckling is valuable from a scientific point of view as a treasure trove of human knowledge and historical experience. This fairy tale has great potential when applied to psychotherapy of trauma and to education, concretely, for work with children who have special needs. Great prospects for its use open up in the workplace, including management and the role training of manufacturers. In our rapidly developing information society, it seems that demand for this fairy tale will only grow.


Resumen en: Some novel as well as known derivatives of 8-sulfanyl-3,9- dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione were synthesized and their antithyroid activity was measured in ra...


Author profiling is the study of how language is shared by people, a problem of growing importance in applications dealing with security, in order to understand who could be behind an anonymous threat message, and marketing, where companies may be interested in knowing the demographics of people that in online reviews liked or disliked their products. In this talk we will give an overview of the PAN shared tasks that since 2013 have been organised at CLEF and FIRE evaluation forums, mainly on age and gender identification in social media, although also personality recognition in Twitter as well as in code sources was also addressed. In 2017 the PAN author profiling shared task addresses jointly gender and language variety identification in Twitter where tweets have been annotated with authors' gender and their specific variation of their native language: English (Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, United States), Spanish (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Spain, Venezuela), Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), and Arabic (Egypt, Gulf, Levantine, Maghrebi).


The pulsed output from a Bose-Einstein condensate can be described using ordinary one-particle quantum mechanics. The initial state is described in terms of Stark resonances truncated in momentum space. The states obtained in this way resemble the normalizable scattering states defined in terms of Moshinsky functions. The validity of this approach and the influence of the initial population on the pulse formation is discussed. Finally, we describe an experimental setup to manufacture and observe pulsed output in Wannier-Stark systems.


2059 Background: The prospective phase I/II CINDERELLA trial investigates toxicity and effectiveness of a dose escalated reirradiation with carbon ions in patients with recurrent gliomas. Methods: Following a dose escalating protocol, 52 patients with WHO°II-IV gliomas were irradiated with carbon ions with doses of 3 Gy (RBE) in 10 – 16 fractions in 7 dose leels. Median age was 42 years (range: 28 - 69) with 19 female and 33 male participants. Forty-one patients were diagnosed with WHO°III/IV gliomas and 11 patients with WHO°II gliomas. At the time of reirradiation, all patients showed contrast-enhancing recurrences. MRI-based treatment planning encompassed the contrast enhancing lesion (GTV) with additional safety margins of 5 mm (CTV) and 3 mm (PTV). Clinical follow-up visits including contrast-enhanced MRI were scheduled every two months. We used RANO-criteria for diagnosis of progression. Survival rates were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier estimator. Relevant prognostic factors were determined with log rank-test, and toxicity was classified according to CTCAE v4.0. Results: Median time between first irradiation and reirradiation was 9 months (range: 7 – 228). PTV size was 12 – 310 ml. During follow-up ≥°3 toxicities were not observed. Follow-up MRI suggested radiation necrosis in 4 patients. Median overall survival was 352 days and was not influenced by age, gender or radiation dose. A significant trend for improved survival rates was seen in patients with small target volumes (480 days [PTV < 75ml] vs. 322 days [PTV > 75ml], p = 0.06) and initial low grade histology (497 days [WHO °II] vs. 322 days [WHO°III/IV], p = 0.069). During follow-up, 45 patients had local progression, while clinical deterioration was not seen. Median local progression-free survival was 138 days. Twenty-eight patients received chemo-/immunotherapy after reirradiation. Of those, 14 patients were treated with bevacizumab. Progression after reirradiation did not influence overall survival significantly. Conclusions: Carbon ion re-irradiation with 10-16 fractions of 3 Gy for patients with recurrent gliomas is safe; no dose limiting toxicities were observed. Median overall survival with approximately one year is high in comparison to other treatment options. It remains unclear if RANO-criteria is securing the diagnosis of therapy failure after carbon ion reirradiation. Further randomized controlled trials must be awaited to evaluate the effectiveness of reirradiation of carbon ions compared to other treatment options. Clinical trial information: NCT01166308.


Simple Summary This review article comprehensively discussed the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus since its initial outbreak in 2019. Specifically, we have provided insights into the genetic mutations and the emergence of different variants of concern and their classifications. We have emphasized the properties of these variants, highlighting their increased transmissibility, virulence, and potential for immune evasion. Lastly, we have provided a glimpse into the future perspective of the global health response and future variant prediction models. Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is prone to mutations and the generation of genetic variants. Since its first outbreak in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continually evolved, resulting in the emergence of several lineages and variants of concern (VOC) that have gained more efficient transmission, severity, and immune evasion properties. The World Health Organization has given these variants names according to the letters of the Greek Alphabet, starting with the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, which emerged in 2020, followed by the Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants. This review explores the genetic variation among different VOCs of SARS-CoV-2 and how the emergence of variants made a global impact on the pandemic.


Hailey-Hailey disease or familial benign pemphigus is a rare genetic blistering skin disease due to mutation of the ATP2C1 gene inherited in autosomal dominant fashion. Prevalence is around 1 in 50,000 and positive family history is observed in 75% of cases. Patients typically present with well-demarcated painful erosive and yellow-crusted rash in the skin folds, following a relapsing-remitting pattern. There are very limited known cases of extra-dermatological presentation of this disease.

 64-year-old gentleman presented with dysphagia, hoarseness, sore throat, dry cough, and intermittent haemoptysis. Initial flexible nasendoscopy showed mild erythema of epiglottis and false cords, post-cricoid oedema and very mild Reinke's oedema. He was treated as acid reflux with omeprazole but to little effect. Endoscopy 4 months later showed similar findings hence biopsy of the hypopharynx was taken. The sample demonstrated intraepithelial clefting, suspicious of intraepithelial vesiculobullous disorder particularly pemphigus vulgaris.
 Looking into this gentleman's medical history, it was found that he is under the care of dermatology for Hailey-Hailey disease, which he was diagnosed 30 years ago. He also has a strong family history of this condition. Based on the biopsy findings and patient profile, it was concluded that this gentleman has a hypopharyngeal manifestation of Hailey-Hailey disease.

 Hailey-Hailey disease is traditionally described as a dermatological condition. This gentleman is one of the rare few cases of non-dermatological manifestation of this disease.


Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have increasing prevalence in clinical practice. The emergence of resistant pathogens and especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to an increase in the number of hospitalizations due to SSTIs. Daptomycin has been shown to achieve good concentrations in skin and soft tissues and is effective and safe for the treatment of SSTIs. In this review, I summarize the scientific evidence regarding the role of daptomycin in therapy of SSTIs, comparing daptomycin with other antimicrobial agents.


Sienese Painting." Second, "Patrons and Artists: Working Relationships in Transition" includes "Economic, Social, and Political Conditions and the Art Market after 1348." Two sections on artists' working relationships follow, divided into early Trecento and "After the Black Death: A Sienese compagnia ca. 1348– 1363" defined as "a flexibly organized network of painters" with Bulgarini as a principal member, although the "complete lack of documents explicitly referring to interactions among the painters . . . prevents our knowing whether we are dealing with a legally constituted corporation or a more informally organized confederation of artists" (81). Third, "Civic-Religious Imagery" is divided into preand post-plague sections. Fourth, "Artistic Style" includes "Stylistic Pluralism in the 1330s and '40s," "The Politics of Style in the 1350s and '60s," and "Style as Iconography." Repetitions and a concluding summary allow the sections to be read separately rather than as a coherent narrative. Because this organization rests on chronological and visual evidence, the reader needs to know what dates the author ascribes to each cited painting. That information is rarely provided in the text and captions. Many pictures are blurry or photographed with glaring reflections. The reader must consult other publications for better images, dates, and dimensions. Several references cited in notes are not listed in the bibliography. Editing and typographical errors are minor disappointments. This book may put to rest traditional methods and perspectives. Answers about cultural change after epidemics are in the province of cultural history, demographics, and religion. An art historian may need a sample larger than one artist or a small group to explain even local changes in style and iconography in one enchanting Italian city. Future studies may examine questions about the cultural meanings of plague and fourteenth-century Siena with new and nuanced approaches. EDNA CARTER SOUTHARD Miami University


Chromium plays a key role as a spacer layer in the well-studied landmark giant magnetoresistive (GMR) system, Fe/Cr. In these multilayered structures, most often produced through sputtering, the density of Cr states at the Fe/Cr interface is known to contribute strongly to the spin-dependent scattering that gives rise to the GMR behavior. Chromium itself holds a wealth of information about antiferromagnetism due to its unique spin-density wave (SDW) behavior. By varying the preparation conditions, we examine how stress and disorder alter the SDW and the density of states of Cr. We measured the specific heat of various Cr films from 2 to 300 K using our unique thin film microcalorimeters. Analysis of the low temperature specific heat allowed us to determine the Debye temperature and the electronic specific heat coefficient γ, which is proportional to the density of states at the Fermi surface. Fitting the low temperature heat capacity data to a Debye model shows a clear phonon softening in the more highly ...


The interest in integrated modern technologies in foreign language teaching is enhanced by their impact on all spheres of life, as well as by the huge potential they have within the field of foreign language learning. We already live in a world where the use of information technologies is a must. The new trend focuses on a more flexible learning process and on re-thinking the role and competences of the teacher and learners


Teachers described the classroom behavior of 205 3rd- and 4th-grade children with a 30-item rating scale. Factor analysis of the scale produced four factors, which were called: democratic, cooperative behavior; autonomous intellectual orientation; responsible perseverant striving behavior; and involvement in class activities. Correlations of factor scores with measures of achievement test performance, creativity, inquiry skill, and various orientations, motives, attitudes and values were investigated. Patterns of correlations with the two achievement-related factors suggested that teachers can validly discriminate between "perseverant" and "autonomous, intellectual" approaches to achievement.


The factors that need to be considered in route planning of tactical aeronautical reconnaissance are studied in this paper.Three aspects that have effect on implementation of an aeronautical reconnaissance mission are analyzed,i.e.,tactical survivability,flight restriction and task validity.Based on which a model was built for evaluating aeronautical reconnaissance route planning,thus the problem of how to evaluate an actual reconnaissance route planning was solved.


The thermo-sensitive male-sterile line 1S of flax was studied with different planting density.The results indicated that the growth of thermo-sensitive male-sterile line in flax was affected by different planting density.With the increasing of planting density,the florescence and maturity was delayed,the increase of plant height was slowed in the same growth period,and the number of fruit and flowers per plant was decreased.However,pollen fertility was not obviously affected by planting density.We concluded that the flowering period and the number of flowers per plant could be changed by planting density,thereby,the adverse effects of the fertile instability were overcome to some extend in thermo-sensitive male-sterile flax.


Non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a new radio access technique considered to be a possible candidate for 5G and beyond. Recent studies confirm that it provides better performance gains as compared to the orthogonal multiple access (OAM) techniques currently in use. This paper investigates the performance of downlink NOMA using the ideal and non-ideal successive interference cancellation (SIC) conditions. The ideal and non-ideal SIC conditions are referred as perfect and imperfect SIC respectively in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide a more realistic analysis of SIC in downlink NOMA rather than considering the perfect SIC conditions. Simulation results are provided at the end of the paper in terms of bit error rate (BER) at the receiver end using both perfect and imperfect SIC.


THE clinical course of nodular goiter is varied. The thyroid nodule may remain unchanged for long periods of time; it may grow and exert pressure on neighboring structures; it may degenerate or be the site of hemorrhage; it may be neoplastic and infiltrate adjacent tissues or metastasize; rarely it may hyperfunction within itself, or, more commonly, be associated with perinodular hyperfunction; and, very infrequently, it will spontaneously disappear. Single or multiple nodules which produce pressure or which become associated with thyrotoxicosis are readily treated by thyroidectomy. Those nodules which are suspected of malignancy because of recent growth or unusual firmness are similarly best treated by thyroidectomy. The treatment of single or multiple nodules which are entirely asymptomatic remains controversial. The purpose of this report is to present an analysis of our experience in the treatment of nodular goiter, and a discussion of its significance in the early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid c...


Abstract: Now a days, an important goal for the modern industries is to increase the productivity as well as decrease the production loss in order to stay economically competitive. For this purpose, a system for efficient fault management and also for the quick amendment of faults in the production line is necessary. The major roles of the fault detection and the fault diagnosis system for uninterrupted industrial processes is to make an effective indicator which is capable of identifying the fault status of a particular process and then afterwards taking an appropriate action in order to prevent the future failures and unfavourable accidents. Overloading is one of the major faults that occur in an electrical system, mostly within the industrial premises. Overloading, overvoltage, overcurrent causes harm to the electrical installations. These kind of faults are quite general to occur in industries and therefore, a proper protection scheme is needed. The most commonly used machines in any industry are induction motors. The very foremost step is to analyze the main reason behind the occurrence of the burning out of 3ph Induction Motor. There are various causes that can eventually lead to the failure of motor. Hence after multiple researches, it was studied that one of the most common cause of burning of 3ph induction motor inside the industrial premises was due to overloading. The concept of overloading is quite vast. In order to overcome this general problem of burn-out, an industry needs to install a protection scheme for the induction motor. The protection circuitry must contain of the indication at full load including the provision of tripping circuit at the occurrence of overloading.


An extensive micro-Raman spectroscopic study of prehistoric paintings found in open air rock shelters at the Sierra de las Cuerdas (Cuenca, Spain) was carried out. In situ optical microscopy, petrological polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used as auxiliary techniques. Haematite (α-Fe2O3) of three granular types was the pigment that was most frequently encountered alone and in admixture with non-stoichiometric iron oxyhydroxides. A white pigment, but rarely used, results from a combination of white earths (α-quartz, anatase, muscovite and illite) and calcined bones (apatite); the presence of calcined bones also appears frequently in the red pigmented pictographs. The presence of significant amounts of charcoal underlying the white paint is suggestive of previous sketching on the shelter walls. Accretions of whewellite and weddellite resulting from the activity of fungi or lichens (e.g. Verrucaria nigrescens) are present in the painting panels, and carotenoids from this biological colonization were detected on several pictographs. The crystallization of gypsum and barytes in spallating areas of the painted surfaces is associated with sandstone weathering processes. An unusual deterioration of the art work caused by electric welding splashes resulting from the erection of protective ironwork grilles around the rock art panels was also detected. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Glancing angle deposition technique was employed to fabricate Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure on n-type Si substrate. The X-ray diffraction analysis depicts that the Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure was polycrystalline in nature. Higher photoluminescence intensity was obtained for Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure as compared to bare SnO 2 nanowires, due to the higher junction area between two layers and higher electron–hole pair generation. The photodetectors fabricated using Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure showed averagely 2.3 times higher photoresponse as compared to bare SnO 2 nanowire photodetector at −2 V. The enhanced photoresponse for Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure was described with reference to the interface junction. A high responsivity of 16.43 A/W and high detectivity of 2.58 × 10 jones with noise equivalent power as low as 1.085 × 10 W were obtained for Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure. Moreover, the current conduction mechanism of Er 2 O 3 -capped SnO 2 nanostructure was explained with the help of the band diagram.


During the last years, we have witnessed the appearance of smart watches, fitness/activity trackers and many other small devices attached to/embedded in our clothes and accessories. These devices are known as wearables. Wearables are Internet of Things (IoT) devices designed for personal use. Coming in various shapes and forms, wearable devices are equipped with mini computers and sensors/actuator to gather information, process, display and communicate data either directly through embedded cellular connectivity or through another device. The growth of the wearables market in the last few years is impressive.


Measurements of fall-out radioactivity in Greenland in 1969 are re ported. Sr-90 (and Cs-137 in most instances) was determined in samples of precipitation, sea water, vegetation, animals, and drinking water. Esti mates of the mean contents of Sr-90 and Cs-137 in the human diet in Green land in 1 969 are given.


The aim of this study is to raise indicators related to the relationship between clusters and institutions. To this end, this article presents a bibliometric study of scientific literature on regional clusters and institutions in articles published in Portal of Journal of CAPES from 2000 to 2013. In this 14-year longitudinal cutting were found 11 international articles. The research method was a documentary and bibliographical study, using content analysis, being this research empirical-analytical and exploratory. The results showed that in most articles it was used the theoretical and empirical approach, with use of exploratory research, combined with the qualitative technique. Data collection was done predominantly through interviews and documents. They also showed that institutions influence the existing clusters and in creating new clusters, and that universities leading research about clusters collaborate to innovation in this area.


Previous studies off western Ireland have suggested that substantial numbers of, mainly male, sperm whales may be found in these habitats. Whaling vessels operating from shore stations in Ireland in the early 20th century frequently caught sperm whales in oceanic waters. It is likely that this North Atlantic region contains important foraging habitats for this species, and that mature males must also migrate through this area moving between breeding grounds to the south and other feeding areas further north. Increasingly, these offshore waters are being utilised and potentially impacted by human industrial activities. For example, as inshore resources are depleted and technology improves, both the commercial fishing and the oil and gas industry are becoming more active in deeper waters beyond the continental margin. It is important therefore to better understand the biology and ecology of sperm whales in these more remote areas. However, their offshore location and deep diving habits, together with weather constraints in the exposed Atlantic, make research difficult. New sperm whale density estimates are reported using data from six seasonal passiveacoustic surveys carried out in two successive years (2015 and 2016). These covered a corridor approximately 110km wide which bounded a major portion of Ireland's continental shelf break. Towed hydrophone line-transect methodologies were used, which have proven to be highly effective for surveying sperm whales in offshore waters and in poor weather conditions. Target motion analysis was applied to calculate the ranges of vocalising whales from the survey tracklines and the effective strip half-width calculated across all surveys was 7,958m. The study area was surveyedin three blocks and animal densities within these blocks varied between 1 and 4.6 individuals per 1,000km2 (CV 0.34 and 0.21 respectively) with an overall mean density in waters deeper than 300m of 3.2 individuals per 1,000km2(CV 0.04). These robust density estimates are the first of their kind for Irish waters and are similar to those reported in other Atlantic areas considered significant for this species. These results emphasise the significance of this region as sperm whale habitat. The results of this study should be used to inform the future sustainable development and management of Ireland's offshore Atlantic.


Abstract Social Security is the largest income redistribution program in the United States. Being primarily a retirement pension system, the redistribution has a particular timing. Taxes are collected through a regressive formula while workers are young and the benefits are paid through a progressive benefit formula when workers are retired. In this paper I investigate the welfare implication of the timing of this redistribution. I use a life cycle overlapping generations model in which individuals are heterogenous in their labor productivity as well as their mortality. Motivated by empirical facts I assume more productive individuals have lower mortality. I calibrate the model to match U.S. aggregate data and current Social Security benefit formula and taxes. I show that a redistribution system that has all the features of current Social Security in the U.S. (that is the same tax function and same bend points on benefit formula) but starts paying benefit at age 26 can increase the steady state - ex ante - welfare of all individuals by 5%. Every productivity type will benefit from this system. In particular for least productive individuals the welfare increases by as much as 15%. Under the new system size of the program (total taxes that it takes in and benefits that it pays) is unchanged and there is small effect on capital-output ratio, efficiency wages and rental rate. Therefore, almost all the welfare gains can be attributed to the timing.


F RoM the days of the first settlers, we have been a nation of wanderers and adventurers. In each generation there were many men and women who left home to seek their fortunes on a new frontier. Our great cities fed upon myriads of persons who came to them, not only from distant lands, but from our own countryside. Even when the frontiers closed, social scientists recorded vast migrations to the West Coast and to the industrial centers wherever they were located.


This poster provides an overview of the work performed to date on the Conformal Ablative TPS (CA-TPS) element of the TPSM project out of GCDP. Under this element, NASA is developing improved ablative TPS materials based on flexible felt for reinforcement rather than rigid reinforcements. By replacing the reinforcements with felt, the resulting materials have much higher strain-to-failure and are much lower in thermal conductivity than their rigid counterparts. These characteristics should allow for larger tile sizes, direct bonding to aeroshells and even lower weight TPS. The conformal phenolic impregnated carbon felt (C-PICA) is a candidate for backshell TPS for both Venus and Saturn entry vehicles.


The metrological characteristics of the measuring devices refer to the behavior of the measuring device in relation to the object under measurement, the environment and the human operator. Thus, having the same conditions in the laboratory and a well-trained and competent staff, the stability of the metrological characteristics of the standard volume measures were studied in order to demonstrate their stability over time and provide increased confidence to the subsequent beneficiaries. The measurements were carried out over a period of one year under the same conditions, their results demonstrating that the standard volume measures are able to ensure the traceability of the measurement unit. In this way to ensure the uniformity, accuracy and legality of the measurements performed in different fields – measurement of volume in commercial transactions, fuel supply, wine industry.


Water is the basic human need and a prime natural resource. From the human consumption point of view water is to be viewed as scarce, which is an objective physical reality. And the increasing population and urbanization is furthering the problem of water scarcity to a state of water risk, which is a deleterious water crisis event. Therefore management of water resources is an urgent  need of the hour and it is the responsibility of everybody, be it community or country; through every means conventional or innovative; by whatever approach feasible local or global; through partnership or participation. This study tries to capture all the present approaches and actions which are diverse but all aimed at reading and recording information (data) on hydrological cycle which is the basis for managing water resources and present them in their proper perspective i.e., local, regional and global perspective; followed by a few prospective 'crisis - mitigation - preparedness -  activities ', undertaken by the Government of India, through  its 'National Water Policy' ('NWP'), that are relevant to the development of 'Hydrological Information System' ('HIS') ; helpful  partnerships and approaches; for bettering the  management of  water globally. And in conclusion the immediate action area has been identified as the ongoing Hydrology Project phase III work (HP-III) covering the entire nation of  India, so that all the above said aspects of water management may considered for inclusion as further 'Hydrological information  needs' ('HIN')in HP-III, right at this beginning stage itself, to make it more effective, inclusive and futuristic.


this issue directly in the beginning and the epilogue of the book, and argues quite well that understanding debates around inclusion into whiteness and varieties of white races not only helps to explain why some whites would seek to deny contemporary white privilege or at least the lineage of colonialism and slavery—"I'm not white, I'm Italian"—but also explains why that argument is so problematic. Jacobson contributes to "whiteness studies" without falling into its major pitfalls (with the exception of a lack of serious consideration of class). Jacobson's arguments are never reductive, and he takes on with considerable dexterity the complexity of whiteness and blackness during the time-line of his study. I would recommend this book, but to be read in a series with other histories of the time, particularly those around industrialization, class, and presidential politics.


We estimate the amount of nuclear waste generated by different steps in the fuel cycle followed in the Indian nuclear programme, based on standard methodologies and public sources of information. The basic input in the case of power reactors is the amount of electricity they have produced. For research reactors, the inputs are their rated capacities and an average capacity factor. While our waste estimates are based on assumptions and the limited amount of public data available, it would be easy to modify the estimates, should new information become available.


Introduction: Identified as a depth-of-anesthesia-dependent influencing factor, endotracheal intubation has been suggested to be one of the most invasive stimuli in anesthesia, particularly during induction3 and after tracheal intubation. The objective of the study was to find a safe and effective means of attenuating the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Methodology: S.A.L Hospital and Medical institute and KESAR SAL Medical College and Research Institute, Ahmedabad during 2008-2010 in 100 patients, divided in two groups having 50 patients in each group. One group received intravenous fentanyl while other group termed as control group received intravenous normal saline. The following hemodynamic variables were considered for study: changes in heart rate and comparison of the controlled group with the group who received fentanyl; & changes in systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure in the fentanyl treated group in comparison to the control group. Results: At induction both the groups were observed to have a 5% decrease in heart rate in comparison to basal levels. At intubation, however, the fentanyl group had a highly significant mean heart rate at 12% below the control group (P≤0.0001). Highly significant attenuation of systolic blood pressure was observed in the fentanyl group with a 10% average lower value than the control over all measured points. As with SBP, high attenuation of the DBP pressor response to intubation in the fentanyl group was observed at all measured times – on average 10% greater attenuation than the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, fentanyl attenuated the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy & intubation, and was more effective in attenuating these responses. DBP was maintained in the fentanyl group. No patient manifested any ischemic ECG changes so fentanyl is safe in patients of ASA physical status I/II.