Objective To investigate attitude to suicide of middle school students,and to provide basis for prevention of middle school students suicide. Methods At the same period,1 250 middle school students sampled from 10 middle schools in Hangzhou and 980 adults in 10 communities of Hangzhou were investigated by using questionnaire of suicide attitude. Results About 17.6% middle school students' attitude to suicidal behavior were positive or understanding,and the degree increased along with their growth. Only 13.8% adults in community had positive or understanding attitudes to suicidal behavior. Meanwhile,middle school students' positive or understanding degree to suicides and their family was significantly higher than adults in community. Conclusion There are some relation between high suicide rate of adolescent and their positive or understanding attitude to suicide. So more attention should be paid to attitude change in suicide prevention among youth.


The N/sup 15/(p,n)O/sup 15/ reaction was studied from 3.95 to 9.0 Mev using a long counter. Absolute cross sections and angular distributions were measured from 0 to 170 deg in 10 deg steps. The angular distributions were analyzed using the optical model potential suggested by Lane which is a function of the isotopic spins of the incident proton and target nucleus. Calculations were made using a distorted-wave Born approximation and also, for the higher energies, optical model please delete the above abstract no. 39984====


Carter et al. report that exposure to static magnetic and electric fields (sBE), for as little as 3 days, reverses glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in diet-induced and genetic mouse models of type 2 diabetes (1). They hypothesize that sBE triggers a systemic redox response to modulate insulin sensitivity and that sBE could therefore be used as a noninvasive treatment for type 2 diabetes. However, these authors were unable to define a mechanism to explain how SBE might alter ROS or to identify the specific proteins that mediate this effect. Given these limitations we propose an alternative hypothesis to explain their findings.


Objective:Explore the clinical efficacy of edaravone combined with other conventional Western treatment of concussion.Methods:98 cases of concussion patients were randomly divided into three groups,in conventional Western medicine treatment group,combination with conventional Western medicine treatment group,pure Chinese medicine treatment group·Results:Through clinical observation,summarize,Edaravone combination of conventional Western medicine treatment group were significantly better than other groups,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion:Edaravone combination of conventional Western medicine treatment of concussion,short course,efficacy,fewer adverse reactions,and worthy of promotion.


Human beings control viral, bacterial and fungal infections by producing peptide-derived broad-spectrum antibiotics. This battery of host defense molecules can compromise the integrity of microbial cell membranes and thereby evade various pathways by which bacteria develop rapid antibiotic resistance through mutational adaption. Although more than 2000 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from various species have been described and some of which are studied in great detail, the structural and mechanistic basis of their activity remains largely unknown. To understand the mechanisms by which AMPs compromise cell membranes we performed structure biology, electrophysiology and simulations on human dermcidin (DCD) in artificial membranes. Together these techniques reveal the antibiotic mechanism of this fascinating channel structure. The structure of DCD is the first AMP tracked in an oligomeric channel configuration in solution. DCD forms a novel architecture of high-conductance transmembrane channels, composed of zinc-stabilized anion-selective hexameric pores. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate an unusual membrane permeation pathway for ions and show adjustment of the pore to various membranes by variable tilting angles. Our study comprehensively unravels the mechanism for membrane-disruptive action of this particular mammalian host defense peptide.


An electrcencephalographic study was made on 614 maladjusted children in a wider sense including 44 B.P.C. in narrower sense in comparism with 271 normal children of at random selection as the control group.


As online social media becomes prevalent as part of our daily life, it is increasingly common for a user to have accounts on multiple social media platforms. In this work, we present our findings on quantifying the extent of user engagement of different platforms as well as their correlations. The study is conducted based on a large-scale user alignment on 6 major social media platforms. Specifically, we identify both explicit and implicit mentions of social media accounts from the Twitter Decahose stream over a period of 22 months. During the process, we have aligned a total of 21,456,808 Twitter users to their alternative accounts on different platforms. Subsequently, we extract the number of overlapping users between any combination of these social media platforms exhaustively.


Initial beam operation of the cw radio-frequency-quadrupole (RFQ) built for the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) project requires the injection into the RFQ of a 75-keV, pulsed, H{sup +} beam with a rise and fall time less than 10 microseconds and a pulse width from 0.1 to 1 millisecond at a repetition rate up to 10 Hz. The ion source for the accelerator is a microwave proton source driven by a 2.45-GHz magnetron. Pulsed beam for the RFQ is accomplished by modulation of the magnetron tube current. The magnetron provides microwave pulses to the ion source, and a medium-bandwidth, extraction power supply produces the H{sup +} ion beam using a four-electrode extractor. A similar ion source with a three-element extractor operating at 50 kV has also been tested with this magnetron modulator. The authors report the results of modulating the ion-source microwave power and extracting a pulsed proton beam using both a triode and a tetrode extractor.


During the past four years, the construction accidents number and the death-injury people in China have greatly decreased, but the fall accidents ratio still keeps high. Some measures to decrease fall accidents are provided based on the chronometry analysis of fall accidents data over past four years.


This study involved the retrospective analysis of instrumented measurements of strength from six muscle actions of 15 patients with renal disease. Most measurements were correlated significantly (mean Pearson r = .78). The measurements also showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach α > .92). These findings extend those obtained in studies of healthy individuals and patients with stroke and suggest the presence of a common underlying construct, limb muscle strength.


The present invention relates to a measuring method of monitoring operation of the measurement using the resistance sensor (DMS) is the weight in particular mechanical acquisition variable (F). In this method, a seeking operation target impedance value of the resistance of the sensor at the measurement site (Zo of), a predetermined maximum permissible deviation tolerance value (Lim) from a target impedance value for the continuous measurement of the resistance of the sensor points impedance (Z) is evaluated (Z * ), and then outputs an error signal (FA) is not allowed to deviate from the target when the impedance value from the impedance value of the current. Thus the present invention is of great advantage that, without interrupting the actual measurement of weight or mass measurement (F * ), and thus need not be limited progress in the automotive industry or the processing industry processing techniques, for example, be monitoring the impedance small deviation in resistance of the sensor measuring the receiving apparatus (SENS) in. It is possible to take measures directly in the process. Identify a plurality of faults may advantageously be parallel to each other and the resistance of the sensor resistance sensor / or in series.


Since the collapse of communist regimes in 1989, experts on the region have worried about the depth of popular support for democracy, a market economy, and liberal ideas. Radical movements and revolts against the neo-liberal reforms were widely expected. While states in Central and Eastern Europe have experienced long and costly transitions away from communism and the resulting economic and social dislocations were some of the most severe in the twentieth century, the popular revolt against liberal economic policies never materialized. The current financial and sovereign debt crisis puts renewed strain on economies in the region and forces austerity policies that again raise the specter of political extremism. Yet, despite such economic adversities and costs, political mobilization around illiberal ideas and against democracy and markets has been surprisingly marginal. This essay suggests that illiberal movements are gaining ground only in countries where they are supported by authoritarian states and in periods when illiberal political parties are in power. Thus, economic fortune alone does not seem to drive antiliberal political mobilization.


Some websites, and the specific Web pages within them, are designed specifically to facilitate online communication across countries and cultures. For this reason, these sites often contain a variety of features for international interaction. Such features include language choices, instant messaging, or use of a translation tool. The purpose of this chapter is to identify current practices and opportunities for online communication between people from different countries or speakers of different languages. To examine this topic, the authors used the Websphere analysis methodology (Schneider & Foot, 2004) to conduct an analysis of 160 archived international and cross-cultural Web pages in order to identify their communication features.


A method for distinguishing irritable bowel syndrome with constipation predominant and irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea in a human subject diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, the method comprising detecting the presence of methane in a breath sample of the subject ; wherein the detection of the presence of methane in the breath sample indicates that the subject has irritable bowel syndrome constipation predominant.


We present a model of a cavity optomechanical magnetic field sensor based on a microtoroidal resonator. The magnetic field induced expansion of a magnetostrictive material is transduced onto the physical structure of a highly compliant optical microresonator. The resulting motion is read out optically with ultra-high sensitivity. According to our theoretical model sensitivities of up to 750 fT/√ Hz may be possible. The simultaneous presence of high-quality mechanical and optical resonances in microtoroids greatly enhances both the response to the magnetic field and the measurement sensitivity.


Pedicularis wanghongiae M.L. Liu & W.B. Yu, a new species from Gaoligong Mountains in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, is described and illustrated. This new species was found growing in the wet meadow at the top of the mountains near Dulongjiang Township and Cikai Township. Pedicularis wanghongiae is morphologically similar to P. praeruptorum Bonati, but differs from the latter in having an upward bent galea, shorter petioles and only two pubescent filaments. In addition, stems of P. wanghongiae are densely glandular pubescent, and its leaves are abaxially white pubescent along the veins. Furthermore, the pollen grain of P. wanghongiae is bisyncolpate with microfoveolate exine ornamentation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using four DNA loci (ITS, matK, rbcL and trnL-F) support the delimitation of this new species. Morphologically, this new species should be placed in Pedicularis series Paucifoliatae Prain according to Tsoong's classification. However, series Paucifoliatae was shown to be paraphyletic based on molecular data. A key to species in series Paucifoliatae is presented, and relationships among these species discussed.


National Education Minister's Regulation Number 41 of 2007: Process Standards for Primary and Secondary Education Units: Organizing activities to achieve Basic Competencies (KD) which are carried out interactively, inspiratively, fun, challenging, motivating students to enjoy actively, and provide sufficient space for initiative, creativity, and independence in accordance with the talents, interests and physical and psychological development of students. Learning activities in education are not just a process of delivering material, but will be done to make character, civilization, and promote the quality of life of students. Learning is directed to encourage education and the specific responsibilities of each individual who is able to become lifelong learners and realize a learning community. The principle of learning to underlie every step of learning to achieve character education, Based on behavioristic flow, learning is essential to building relationships with the Stimulus-Respons (S-R) response. Learning is an effort to display as many S-R relationships as possible. The learning steps are meaningful as follows: 1) Learning through the surrounding environment; 2) Make a concept map; 3) Give answers for prison groups in small groups (4-5 people); 4) Lessons for making joint Decisions based on each experience; 5) Inquiry; 6) Carry out exercises.


A weighted distance-learning method is used, in this paper, to optimize the accuracy of Nearest-Neighbour classifier for a graph-based data set. This algorithm tunes the weights of the training instances to minimize an analytical approximation of the classification-error on the training data. With this method, not only the distance function, which has an effective role in the performance of classifier, is tuned, but also a prototype reduction is achieved as a side effect to reduce both of time and memory complexity of the classifier. This efficiency is more important in the case of having graph instances, because computing the distance of a query graph with each prototype graph is a time-consuming process due to isomorphism. By applying the proposed method on IAM, a benchmark graph dataset, the uniformly good behaviour of the proposed method is presented having results competitive with the related methods.


This practice brief focuses on the importance of communication within the kinship family with particular emphasis on the challenging teen years. It highlights information on the changes impacting relationships within kinship families as children age. This brief includes details about the Family Portraits Project, a specific and easy to replicate intergenerational project designed to enhance communication in kinship families.


This book contains ten articles that explore the complicated relationships between and among producers and consumers of tropical forest products in Southeast Asia. The authors focus on understanding current political, economic, ecological, and social situations in their proper historical contexts. These papers cover the many types of forests that exist in Southeast Asia, as well as the many types of forest use regimes. Using political ecology as a framework, they find commonalities in the political processes behind forest use and abuse. This book tackles difficult issues, such as the power relations among the various actors involved in forest management; the often unequal distribution of costs and benefits of forest exploitation; the discourses of science, neoclassical economics, sustainable forest management, and national development; and the colonial and pre-colonial roots of current deforestation in this region. Some of the papers are broad in regional and theoretical scope, while others are case studies of specific countries and villages. Several articles are explicitly historical.


Journey through the Victorian Age and investigate Frankenstein's background! This guide will provide resources for your background investigation. Believe it or not, Frankenstein was originally written by a woman! Research her life and how the story of Frankenstein came about.


A statistical designed experimental approach was followed to investigate the various diffusion flame conditions for the synthesis of carbon nanotubed structures utilizing domestic Liquefied Petroleum Gas (IS - 4576) as the fuel carbon source. LPG flow rate, Oxygen flow rate, Height above burner (HAB) and Exposure time have been identified to generate different flame conditions based on varying one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. 2 - level 'full factorial' design model in "Minitab12" software has been used for design of experiments. The 16 samples of soot with different flame conditions were collected on the surface of stainless steel plate. The output parameters i.e. weight of soot and substrate surface temperature were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to ensure that the experimentation is following the physics of the diffusion flame. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed the growth of well aligned single walled carbon nanotubed structures with high aspect ratio as 220 nm - 650 nm diameter and 534 nm - 1803 nm length. In the present study the parametric range for producing the single walled carbon - nanotubed structures through LPG diffusion flame were found and optimized.


The Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains (BASALT) project is a four-year program dedicated to iteratively designing, implementing, and evaluating concepts of operations (ConOps) and supporting capabilities to enable and enhance scientific exploration for future human Mars missions. The BASALT project has incorporated three field deployments during which real (non-simulated) biological and geochemical field science have been conducted at two high-fidelity Mars analog locations under simulated Mars mission conditions, including communication delays and data transmission limitations. BASALT's primary Science objective has been to extract basaltic samples for the purpose of investigating how microbial communities and habitability correlate with the physical and geochemical characteristics of chemically altered basalt environments. Field sites include the active East Rift Zone on the Big Island of Hawai'i, reminiscent of early Mars when basaltic volcanism and interaction with water were widespread, and the dormant eastern Snake River Plain in Idaho, similar to present-day Mars where basaltic volcanism is rare and most evidence for volcano-driven hydrothermal activity is relict. BASALT's primary Science Operations objective has been to investigate exploration ConOps and capabilities that facilitate scientific return during human-robotic exploration under Mars mission constraints. Each field deployment has consisted of ten extravehicular activities (EVAs) on the volcanic flows in which crews of two extravehicular and two intravehicular crewmembers conducted the field science while communicating across time delay and under bandwidth constraints with an Earthbased Mission Support Center (MSC) comprised of expert scientists and operators. Communication latencies of 5 and 15 min one-way light time and low (0.512 Mb/s uplink, 1.54 Mb/s downlink) and high (5.0 Mb/s uplink, 10.0 Mb/s downlink) bandwidth conditions were evaluated. EVA crewmembers communicated with the MSC via voice and text messaging. They also provided scientific instrument data, still imagery, video streams from chest-mounted cameras, GPS location tracking information. The MSC monitored and reviewed incoming data from the field across delay and provided recommendations for pre-sampling and sampling tasks based on their collective expertise. The scientists used dynamic priority ranking lists, referred to as dynamic leaderboards, to track and rank candidate samples relative to one another and against the science objectives for the current EVA and the overall mission. Updates to the dynamic leaderboards throughout the EVA were relayed regularly to the IV crewmembers. The use of these leaderboards enabled the crew to track the dynamic nature of the MSC recommendations and helped minimize crew idle time (defined as time spent waiting for input from Earth during which no other productive tasks are being performed).


The effects of eucalyptus kraft pulping conditions on subsequent bleaching were investigated. Three samples of industrial eucalyptus chips underwent kraft pulping with different alkalinities and hexenuronic acid (HexA) content. Pulp was bleached by the sequence OD(EP)DP. Decreasing the cooking temperature reduced phenolic group content and the S:G ratio of residual lignin. Reducing temperature in kraft pulping resulted in better oxygen delignification and had better results whenever low temperatures and lower alkalinities were used. The final pulp brightness was not influenced by cooking temperature or alkalinity. However, viscosity, brightness reversion and chlorine dioxide consumption were influenced by alkalinity. The S:G ratio was greater at higher temperatures. Higher kappa number had better bleachability in Pre-O2, while samples with higher levels of HexA had lower delta kappa. No correlation was established between phenolic groups and pulp bleachability.


Despite, the fact, the observable benefits of the Internet of things (IoT) have been expanded tohealthcare for automation, very few studies have been shed light on the wearable IoT to keep distance from human to human. In the Coviid'19 situation, in general, it is advisable to keep a social distance to avoid the possibility of infection. Research from Wearable IoT sensor-based healthcare, IoT provides a pathway how citizens can keep them ata distance as IoT offers a myriad of sensors. Realizing the practical problem, in this research a social distance model is developed using wearable IoT. This proposed technique is easily implementable on wearable devices. Our proposed system is cost-effective, which is expected very suitable for the low-income regions of the world to monitor appropriate social distance.


This essay direct at quenching craft of P110 oil case, makes 25MnV steel as study objective, considers geometric symmetry of oil case, analyzes chemical component of oil case, measures thermal conductivity, specific heat and convection coefficient, simulates the temperature field of the quenching oil case by finite element software, and receives the temperature field distribution and the change along thickness, the result closes to the date of fact. This is reference to establishment and prediction of quenching craft and next research of residual stress of quenched oil case.


................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................... iii CHAPTER ONE Introduction.................................. 1 Statement of the Problem ................................ 5 Purpose of the Study .................................... 6 Research Questions ...................................... 6 Justification of the Study .............................. 6 Limitations of the Study ................................ 7 Definition of Terms ..................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO Review of Literature.......................... 9 Introduction ............................................ 9 Identification of Technical College Stakeholders ........ 9 Requirements of Assessment by Stakeholder .............. 11 Students ............................................. 12 Faculty .............................................. 13 Parents and Financial Sponsors ....................... 13 Employers ............................................ 14 Alumni ............................................... 15 Competing Institutions ............................... 15 Accrediting Agencies ................................. 16 College Administration ............................... 16 Alternative Assessment Methodologies ................... 17 Competency-Based Assessment .......................... 18 Portfolio-Based Assessment ........................... 23 Goal-Based Scenarios (GBS) ........................... 24


Illustrates the erroneous assertion, which is often found in the literature that the resonant frequency (the frequency of communication) and frequencies corresponding to the resonance curve humps current in the second circle this is one concept. Despite the fact that in the case of identical circles, the values of this frequencies are numerically identical they are found from different conditions.


Fermi resonance is treated as an intramolecular energy transfer from one vibrational mode to another. The equation of motion for the vibrational correlation function is solved by assuming that each mode of a molecule has two energy levels. The power spectrum, given as the Laplace transform of the correlation function, is not generally described by the overlap of two symmetric bands. Various aspects of the spectrum are discussed.


Obesity may be more complex than most other societal problems we have faced so far. Viewed from an energy balance viewpoint, obesity can be thought of as a failure of our biological regulatory system for balancing the energy we take in from the food we eat and drinks with the energy we expend as metabolism and to perform physical activity. While some have approached obesity as resulting primarily from a 'defect' in the biological system itself, the problem may also be viewed as an evolving environment that is overwhelming the biological regulation of energy balance and leads to obesity. There are strong arguments for the latter point of view. First, the increase in the prevalence of obesity globally is too rapid to be associated with major genetic changes. Second, while more than 400 genes have been identified to play a role in body weight regulation, only a handful of humans worldwide have been shown to have a true 'genetic obesity'. In the face of unidirectional environmental pressures to eat more and move less, our biological systems cannot maintain energy balance. Historically, resisting weight gain has not had great evolutional value. Put simply, for most of our history we have had no need to defend against positive energy balance. In this way, it is not our physiology that is abnormal, it is our environment. There is increasing recognition that obesity is not just a personal responsibility, but a societal issue and that dealing with it will not be simple. The factors in our environment that contribute to positive energy balance represent aspirations to which our ancestor aspired, such as having a constant supply of food and not having to work hard to secure food, shelter and safety. Obesity may be a by-product of our success as a society and it is unlikely we are willing to give up our food security and our labour-saving devices. Our challenge is not to go backwards in time to an environment that was conducive to a healthy body weight, but to learn how to modify our current environment in ways to achieve both healthy weights for our population and a high quality of life.


The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable shaking frequency and amplitude for shake harvesting lime fruit (C. aurantifolia). A tractor mounted limb shaker with adjustable shaking frequency and amplitude, powered by the tractor power-take-off shaft was designed and developed for this study. The rotating input power was transmitted to the shaker flywheel through a multiple sheave v-belt drive system where it was converted to reciprocating motion by a slider crank mechanism. The resulting vibrating motion could be transmitted to the tree limb through a telescoping boom and a special clamping device. A 3x3 factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted to investigate the effects of shaking frequency and amplitude on fruit detachment. Three levels of oscillating frequency (5, 7.5 and 10 Hz) and three levels of shaking amplitude (40, 80 and 120 mm) were investigated. Analysis of variance and mean comparison showed that the effect of shaking frequency on fruit detachment was significant. However, those of shaking amplitude and its interactions with frequency were not significant. The percentage of detached fruits significantly increased by increasing the shaking frequency, but the shaking frequency or amplitude had no significant effect on fruit damage. Complete fruit detachment (100%), was obtained by applying shaking amplitude of 120 mm at a frequency of 10 Hz, but considerable leaf removal at this combination of shaking frequency and amplitude was a limiting factor. Therefore, shaking the limbs at 80 mm amplitude and 10 Hz frequency with about 98.5% fruit detachment and negligible leaf shattering was found to be the most suitable combination. In order to determine the bonding strength of lime fruits, a series of tests were conducted in which, the average pulling force required for detaching ripe and unripe fruits as well as fruit mass and geometric mean diameter were measured. The average static force required for removing ripe fruits was found to be about 14.2% of that required for removing unripe fruits. The average ratio of tensile force required for removing a fruit to its weight (Fs/W) was measured as 6.9 and 61.8 for ripe and unripe fruits, respectively. The two indices suggest utilizing a limb shaker as a valuable approach for selective harvesting of ripe fruits. This is especially true for fruit varieties with non-uniform ripening characteristics.


concerning real interest rates, exchange rates, and poverty thresholds. The Boskin Commission made its goal conversion of the CPI from a fixed-basket price index to a "cost of living" concept. Its idealized indicator would answer the question, "By what percentage must I change your income from period A to period B in order to leave your welfare unchanged?" In contrast, the BLS question is, "By what percentage does the cost of a basket of consumption goods change from A to B?" Pursuit of a cost of living approach led the Commission to incline toward indexes such as Fisher's Ideal. But there are problems with such measures. While the fixed-basket is easy to understand, the cost of living concept is complicated. Try explaining to Grandma that her Social Security is adjusted by the square root of the product of chained Laspeyres and Paasche indexes (the Fisher formula). Such a nontransparent approach leaves the CPI open to charges of manipulation. The Boskin Commission dismissed the (inescapable) argument that a cost of living concept entails measurement of conditions that affect utility (crime, divorce, worries about job security). But eventually, as Baker points out, debate moves into the existential realm when a cost of living index is the goal. If life expectancy is raised by a new, more expensive, treatment for heart attacks, do we reduce Social Security payments because the elderly will have more years to experience their "utils"? More generally, as soon as we move beyond a single, immortal consumer with a fixed, selfinterested utility function, theoretical problems arise. In the real world there are diverse consumer tastes. Consumer tastes change over time and consumer behavior-as psychological research has shown-is not always "rational" in the economist's sense. Over time, some consumers shuffle off the mortal coil; others arrive on it. Baker notes that "there is a basic question about whether the CPI is the best measure of inflation for tax brackets, benefit programs, wage contracts, and various other purposes." Although he does not expand this point, it contains a solution to the CPI problem. The fact is that no single CPI can meet everyone's preferences. Incremental adjustment of the CPI of the kind the BLS has undertaken in recent years (all the time swearing political pressure had no impact on its methodological revisions) leads to inconsistent measurement. It puts us in a position of a driver trying to gauge car speed while someone tinkers with the speedometer. What the BLS should do is issue a range of CPIs using alternative approaches and leave it to users (including Congress) to decide which to utilize. One option might be a "Boskin-CPI" with aggressive controls for quality, substitution, and the like. But another could be a CPI based on the methodology used before the tinkering of the 1990s. Once BLS was removed from selecting "the" CPI, it could deflect political pressures. The goal should be consumer sovereignty for the users of the Consumer Price Index.


There is theoretical and empirical evidence that consumers have limited cognitive resources and thus cannot maintain direct preferences for each choice alternative on the store shelves. Instead, they likely form their overall preferences for choice alternatives by evaluating the attributes describing each item. Rather than mapping the locations of and preferences for all choice alternatives in a multidimensional space, as is the current practice in marketing research, it is insightful to map the locations of and preferences for the attributes consumers use to evaluate the choice alternatives. The model proposed in this study unifies latent class preference models (choice models or conjoint models) with latent class multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. Dimensional restrictions are imposed on latent class preference models such that the locations of attribute levels and market response parameters can be mapped in reduced-dimensionspaces. Interactions between attributes can be graphically examined, which is not feasible with the traditional MDS approach. Also, the effects of price reductions and promotions on the locations of attribute levels can be graphically exam ined. An empirical application with scanner panel data shows the capabilities and limitations of the proposed model. In addition to the managerial insights provided by the model, it is also much more parsimonious than existing methods, and it forecasts holdout choices significantly better. In the empirical application, a model with two-dimensional attribute maps has 50 fewer parameters than the best unrestricted latent class choice model, yet the fit is comparable. The predictive performance of our model is shown to be superior to that of latent class MDS approaches and latent class conjoint approaches.


Abstract This paper is the first of a two-part article. It is an exploratory attempt to expand our understanding of the organization of sociological knowledge within both the university and extra-university sectors in South Africa and the state's key role in that process. It tracks the institutional development of the discipline within the state's universities, as well as the centralised bureaucratic mechanisms of state power through which social research was commissioned, funded, practised and monitored. It outlines the three major ethnically and racially separate streams of sociology in the university system and identifies the key academic groupings and individuals involved. Similarly, the establishment and the role of highly centralised, state-sponsored and organized insitutions is traced, thereby showing how state agencies have co-ordinated, shaped and directed the actual content of sociological research.


In view of a mass production of Peugeot (106 and Partner) and Citroen (AX, Saxo and Berlingo) electrical vehicles, the PSA Peugeot Citroen group has developed in partnership with French manufacturers Leroy-Somer (for the motor) and Sagem (for the electronics) two specific DC commutator drives, the first one (SA13 motor) (Peugeot 106, Citroen AX and Saxo), with 11 kW continuous power and 20 kW peak power (5mn), supplied by a low battery voltage of 120 V, and the other one (SA18 motor) Peugeot Partner and Citroen Berlingo), with 16 kW continuous power and 28 kV peak power (5mn), supplied by a low battery voltage of 162 V. If the duty cycle and in particular the operation at constant power (field weakening) in a range of 4:1 requires attention specifically to the commutation aspects at high speed (up to 6500 rpm) and at high load (200 A). While DC motor control laws are well known, it is quite difficult to adapt them to achieve a driving comfort law. The memory size allocated for the motor control unit (MCU) in the vehicle management unit (VMU) is reduced, because the VMU includes the control laws of the DC/DC converter and charger and the monitoring of the car (dash board, pumps, fans, sensors, etc.). It was necessary to implement something simple. We have therefore established a law linking the armature and field currents to the vehicle speed and pedal request.


97% of the vaccinees developed anti-HBs independently of the applied vaccine (experimental vaccine or H-B-Vax). With the experimental vaccine the mean antibody titre was 1095 IMU/ml four weeks after third inoculation. Follow up revealed that during a period of 18 month individual antibody titres declined continuously to approximately one tenth. Therefore the duration of protection depends on the titre of anti-HBs which was measured after the third immunization. A control of the antibody titres should be performed after about 3-5 years, when the antibody titres are greater than 1000 IMU/ml 4 weeks after vaccination. But a control should be made already after about 1 1/2-3 years if the antibody titres are 200-1000 IMU/ml. Antibody titres between 100 and 200 IMU/ml should be estimated about 6-18 months later and titres between 10 and 100 IMU/ml already about 3-6 months later. We recommend an immediate revaccination for persons with anti-HBs titres below 10 IMU/ml. Serological findings in hospital staff of the University in Hamburg revealed the presence of protective antibodies in 11,6% which is due to a previous hepatitis B infection. In this cases vaccination was unnecessary.


Various models have been developed by scientists about e-trust that are not comprehensive and only refer to some components. In this study, initially the works of other scientists and their models were analyzed and then a new conceptual model is presented. This conceptual model contains seven different antecedents which affect the customer's e-trust in online banking. In order to determine and prioritize the relationship between model components and identify their effects on customer's trust in online e-banking, we have used the ARAS method, which ranks the financial institutions on the basis of proposed criteria affecting customers' trust in e-banking.


Abstract : The project extends previous studies on structures of a 2-D grain boundary (g.b.). The basic analytical tool is the cluster variation method (CVM) and the path probability method (PPM), both developed by the author. In the CVM, the free energy is minimized with respect to a large number of variables using a linear iteration method called the natural iteration method (NIM). A square lattice is chosen as the basic lattice (called the DSC lattice) of the analysis. The first, second, and third nearest neighbor pairs are excluded due to a large repulsion. The fourth and fifth neighbors contribute interaction potentials E(4,AB) and E(5,AB), and so on. In the DSC lattice the CVM is formulated using a cluster made of nine lattice points in the form of a quadruple square. The QS formulation leads to numerical results that are reliable compared with the MC method. In low temperatures, atoms hardly deviate from the skeletal stable crystalline structure. The pair method is found to give reliable numerical results practically the same as those of QS for low temperatures including the entire ordered phase in the work D. This result is significant because when the pair method is used, the two sides of the g.b. do not need to be oriented symmetrically as were done in the present report. Applications of this point of view for g.b. of different angle combinations and the 3-D cases are now planned.


A clinical case shows the complexity of the choice of surgical strategy for treatment in drug-resistant bilateral fibrous cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pyopneumothorax and empyema of the pleural cavity. A non-standard personalized approach to the patient with initially compromised cardiorespiratory system resulted not only in cure of tuberculosis complications but also improved pulmonary functional parameters and allowed avoiding progression of pulmonary tuberculosis.


Objective To discuss the method of sixteen-slice row spiral CT coronary artery imaging and to evaluate its clinical significance.Methods Twenty one patients with suspected or diagnosed coronary heart disease have undergone sixteen-slice spiral CT scanning(Somatom) for acquiring correlated data,and VRT,MIP,CPR and MPR imaging were carried out through the working station,then the stenosis of coronary artery was quantitatively assessed.The reasons and degree of coronary artery stenosis were studied and their findings were compared with results of CAG of these 21 patients.Results The sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value of sixteen-slice spiral CT scanning in diagnosing low-grade,moderate and severe coronary stenosis and they were 84.6%,40.0%,55.0%,75.0%,88.2%,69.6%,72.7%,88.9%,90.0%,87.5%,78.3% and 94.6% respectively.The consistency of results of moderate and severe coronary stenosis with non-calcified spot mass in comparison with results of CAG was 94.7%.However its evaluation in extent of coronary artery stenosis with calcified spot mass was limited.Conclusion Sixteen-slice row spiral CT coronary artery imaging has clinical significance in screening suspected coronary heart disease and in diagnosis of coronary heart disease.It is a non-invasive,safe and low cost method in comparison with CAG.


Dr. Joseph Garland, associate editor or editorial board member of the Journal from 1922 to 1947, editor from 1947 to 1967, and editor emeritus since 1967, died on the morning of August 4, 1973. This man, singularly gifted as a human being and as a professional, left behind him a long roster of accomplishments. Because of his skills as a pediatrician, the members of Boston's medical community brought their children to him for advice and care. As a writer, he produced a large number of essays and other works notable for their alloy of wisdom and whimsy, and for their . . .


Purpose To evaluate the contrast enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of kidney neoplasm, and to explore its application in pathologic classification. Material and Methods 112 patients with kidney neoplasms underwent pre-operative contrast enhanced ultrasound examination, and divided into hypoenhancing group (n=26) and iso/hyper-enhancing group (n=86) based on contrast enhancement pattern. The imaging features were compared to pathology. Results There was a statistical difference in pathologic types between hypoenhancing group and iso/hyperenhancing group. In 26 cases with hypoenhancing kidney tumors, 17 were low grade or benign, 8 were clear cell tumors and 1 was metastasis. In 86 cases with iso- or hyperenhancing tumors, 75 were clear cell tumors, 2 were polycystic kidney cancer, 1 metastasis, 1 low grade angiomyolipoma and 7 benign tumors. In differentiation of benign and malignant kidney tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of hypoenhancement were 62.96%, 89.41%, 65.38% and 88.37%, respectively. In diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of iso/hyperenhancement were 90.36%, 62.07%, 87.21% and 69.23%, respectively. Conclusion Different ultrasonographic enhancement patterns suggest different renal pathologies. Contrast enhanced ultrasound can help with kidney tumor diagnosis and predict prognosis.


Modern trends of energy saving provide actuality of research. Ability to implement pyrolyze in autothermally mode was investigated. Method of research is a physical experiment. As a result of research are obtained: dependency diagram as the thickness layer of the angle inclination of working surface, dependency diagram as the fall ash of the angle inclination of working surface, dependency diagram as the moving rate of peat of the pyrolysis temperature with different inclinations of working surface.


unfamiliar is likely to be brought to our attention by its most dramatic manifestations. If the phrase "religion and health" connotes to you chiefly the Lourdes shrine, anti-medical religious healing cults, magical incantations and small groups of overweight ladies in perfumed and crepuscular hotel parlors attempting to achieve by prayer what God has decreed can come only through diet you may consider yourself misinformed. For whatever the merit of the various fringe elements, they are peripheral to an understanding of religion's relationship to health in 1946. This field of study and activity may be, and sometimes has been, a happy hunting ground both of quackery and misguided self-deception. But it need not be so. Medicine was once blood-letting and spittle. It was changed by a method.


This study has aims to describe the importance of critical thinking skills in mathematics learning. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods using knowledge or facts about the importance of necessary thinking skills in learning mathematics. This study using content analysis techniques that are an in-depth discussion of the contents of the journal associated with critical thinking skills on mathematics learning. Learning mathematics is basic science, so it is crucial in the learning process. In education, mathematics requires necessary thinking skills. Critical thinking can be trained and developed through the process of learning mathematics, while mathematics material is understood through critical thinking. Critical thinking skills are interconnected and continuous. So necessary thinking skills are essential in learning mathematics.


Suicide is the third leading cause of death for African Americans aged 15-24 years. Given the dearth of suicide research on ethnic minorities, little is known about the way African American suicide is addressed in graduate training of mental health professionals. Mental health professionals may be unaware of the patterns of suicide among African-American youth, leaving their practice knowledge to be based on conventional beliefs that African-Americans do not commit suicide, which can potentially cause many to misinterpret self-destructive behaviors among this population. This paper provides mental health professionals with the most recent secular data on the prevalence of suicide among African-American youth, background information on the known risk and protective factors, and discusses important practice and research implications.


THE PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SESSION INCLUDED ONE THAT DESCRIBED THE MECHANISM OF TEST TRACKS BY THREE TYPES OF TRAFFIC SIMULATORS. OTHER PAPERS DESCRIBED SOME OF THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY WEAR TESTS, AND THE ACTION OF STUDS ON THE PAVEMENT. THE IMPORTANCE OF STUD DESIGN, MIX DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONTROL IS UNDERLINED. AN IDEAL TRAFFIC SIMULATOR WAS DEFINED AND THREE TYPES OF TESTING MACHINES ARE DESCRIBED IN ANOTHER PRESENTATION. CONCLUSIONS BASED ON THE INFORMATION PRESENTED AT THIS SESSION ARE DISCUSSED. THESE CONCLUSIONS RELATE TO THE SELECTION OF A TESTING SYSTEM, THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST, THE LIMITATIONS OF THE TESTING SYSTEM AND THE PRECISION OF THE TEST METHOD.


The House of Lords upheld the Secretary of State's right to deny compensation under section 133 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 and the ex gratia scheme to Mullen, whose conviction for conspiracy to cause explosions had been quashed by the Court of Appeal solely by reference to actions by the authorities (securing his illegal deportation to the UK) that constituted an abuse of process, without impugning the fairness of his trial or the accuracy of the verdict The note discusses the different judgments in the House of Lords and the Court of Appeal in terms of their implications for the respective roles of legal and political systems in determining guilt and innocence. In particular, the note explores the nature of the legal principle of the presumption of innocence as it operates in the context of successful appeals.


The article describes a new multilevel approach to the modeling of friction units ship dvigatelnogo complex, separate elements of which are made from composite polymeric materials. Tribosystem in the modeling process is seen as complex, depending on a variety of criteria.Presents various options for the management of complex tribosystems containing the elements of the composite materials. In particular, active management by providing extra energy, and passive due to the differential feedback system to external stimuli and changes in feedbacks.A new integrated approach in modeling, which involves solving the optimization problem and the choice of the vector criterion of the performance of the system.The obtained new dependences for dynamic quality criteria tribosystem or complex objective functions based on the method of linear convolution.


With the increased usage of internet and mobile phones, number of spams has also increased in both these areas. The Spam in both these areas is an increasing threat and sometimes cause huge financial as well as data/confidentiality loss. Therefore, actions need to be taken to stop these spams on both media. This paper analyses various techniques that are currently being used in Spam filtering in the context of mobile text messages. The contents of SMS are unique in nature so some techniques might be effective while some might not be. Some of mostly used algorithms and techniques are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we have performed automatic spam filtering using machine learning algorithms on Roman Urdu text messages and achieved an accuracy of 92.2% on a manually curated corpus of 8449 messages. The SMS corpus has also been made available for future research works.


With the advancement in pose estimation techniques, skeleton-based person identification has recently received considerable attention in many applications. In this study, a skeleton-based person identification method using a deep neural network (DNN) is investigated. In this method, anthropometric features extracted from the human skeleton sequence are used as the input to the DNN. However, training the DNN with insufficient training datasets makes the network unstable and may lead to overfitting during the training phase, causing significant performance degradation in the testing phase. To cope with a shortage in the dataset, we investigate novel data augmentation for skeleton-based person identification by utilizing the bilateral symmetry of the human body. To achieve this, augmented vectors are generated by sharing the anthropometric features extracted from one side of the human body with the other and vice versa. Thereby, the total number of anthropometric feature vectors is increased by 256 times, which enables the DNN to be trained while avoiding overfitting. The simulation results demonstrate that the average accuracy of person identification is remarkably improved up to 100% based on the augmentation on public datasets.


ABSTRACT The present study explores the ethnic and religious identities of 21 multicultural young adults with a Japanese mother and a Korean father, all residing in South Korea where the "myth" of a mono-ethnic nation still lingers. In the study, one is considered multicultural provided they are born to both one foreign-born parent and one Korean-born parent. All interviewees are members of the Family Federation for World Peace Unification religion established in South Korea in the 1950s. Interviews with these young adults showed (a) that there was an intersectionality between their ethnic identity and religious identity; (b) that the influence of the interaction between the Church and the mother on the ethnic and religious identities of the interviewees was substantial; and (c) that they distinguished themselves from other multicultural individuals and even from non-multicultural individuals concerning their socio-economic background and transcending religious mission.


Social media has an important role in human life. In its implementation social media is used as a media for opinion and self-expression. One of the social media that is often used in Indonesia is Twitter. PT PLN (Persero) as a State-Owned Enterprise that is engaged in providing electricity always tries to provide optimal services. The text mining method can be used to control PT PLN (Persero) service quality by classifying Twitter data with the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. Text mining is used to extract information from unstructured textual data to produce useful information. Data classification is a text mining application for information retrieval. In this study the data collected will pass the preprocessing stage, using the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm to classify data into negative, neutral, or positive classes. The data used in this study was sourced from Twitter. Data is taken from 1 December 2019 to 1 February 2020 using the Twitter API with the keyword '@ pln_123'. We obtained 3,000 tweet data successfully. The results are implemented in web-based applications that are built using the Python programming language. Evaluation of the k-Nearest Neighbors model produces an accuracy value of 87.41%. The classification prediction results also show that there is a tendency of the positive sentiment of 35%, the neutral sentiment of 28%, and the negative sentiment of 37%.


H. pylori are a microaerophilic, gram-negative organisms that leads to many gastroduodenal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and gastric cancer. H. pylori are found to be involved with other system affections, such as cardiovascular, The Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Obese and Non-Obese Subjects Attending the Endoscopy Unit


(1917). V. The curves of the periodic law. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 34, No. 199, pp. 70-75.


OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between presence of the sickle cell trait and preterm delivery among African-American women. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to study all deliveries by African-American women at one institution between 1976 and 2001. The primary predictor of interest was the presence of the sickle cell trait, and the primary outcome was preterm delivery. Post hoc analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between presence of sickle cell trait and multiple gestations, an apparent modifier of the relationship between sickle cell trait and preterm delivery. RESULTS: Of the 5,028 African-American women eligible for inclusion, 6.5% carried the sickle cell trait. In adjusted analyses, the presence of sickle cell trait was associated with a lower risk of preterm delivery at less than 32 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.49), and was found to be associated with an increased odds of multiple gestations (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.22–2.09). A significant interaction exists between the presence of multiple gestation and sickle cell trait and the odds of preterm delivery, such that the protective effect of sickle cell trait on preterm delivery risk is greater among those with multiple gestations than those with singletons. CONCLUSION: Among African-American women, the presence of the sickle cell trait was associated with lower odds of early preterm delivery despite adjustment for potential confounders. An increased odds of multiple gestations was also noted among these women, possibly suggesting a persistence of selection for the hemoglobin S trait in nonmalarial settings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II


Experimentation is necessary to provide advances in research on software testing, but without infrastructure to support that experimentation, progress cannot occur. To help with this problem, we have been designing and constructing infrastructure to support controlled experimentation with software testing techniques. This position paper describes our efforts, and the challenges faced in creating infrastructure and making it available.


In the present work, we considered multiextremal optimization problems and a high-performance parallel algorithm for solving these ones. The investigation of the algorithm scalability has been carried out on the problem class, in which the computation costs of the function value evaluations can be varied at different iteration points. The algorithm proposed in the present work can utilize the CPUs (for solving more complex subproblems) as well as the GPUs (for solving the simple subproblems). We presented results of numerical experiments demonstrating the speedup when solving a series of multiextremal constrained problems.


A novel method for direct α-functionalization of tertiary amines via NIS-mediated oxidative C–O bond formation, where NIS serves as both an oxidant and an iodination reagent, has been developed. The method provides easy access to either iodinated or non-iodinated 1,2-dihydro-(4H)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones, depending on the nature of the reactant, via a regioselective transition metal-free approach.


Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to study the thermo-mechanical properties of a family of thermosetting epoxy-amines. The crosslinked epoxy resin EPON862 with a series of cross-linkers is built and simulated under the polymer consistent force field (PCFF). Three types of curing agents (rigidity1,3-phenylenediamine (1,3-P), 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and phenol-formaldehyde-ethylenediamine (PFE)) with different numbers of active sites are selected in the simulations. We focus on the effects of the cross-linkers on thermo-mechanical properties such as density, glass transition temperature (T g), elastic constants, and strength. Our simulations show a significant increase in the T g, Young's modulus and yield stress with the increase in the degree of conversion. The simulation results reveal that the mechanical properties of thermosetting polymers are strongly dependent on the molecular structures of the cross-linker and network topological properties, such as end-to-end distance, crosslinking density and degree of conversion.


This thesis has explored and created a visual design language in computer augmented landscape in Astrid Lindgren's childhood home. The thesis is part of an ongoing research project called Datorforstarkta landskap i Astrid Lindgrens bygd which started in year 2010. It´s a research project and a collaboration between Linkoping Universty and the National Center for Outdoor Education (NCU) in Vimmerby. The role for this thesis in the research project has been to develop a visual design language for computer augmented landscape in Astrid Lindgren's childhood home. To accomplish this the designer need to find out what criteria this application should have, which target group it should have and finally also meet the client's requirements. To create the design language the designer has used different methods during the whole design process like bodystorming, storyboards and persona and also different theories which had the purpose of supporting the creation of the design language and concerned all the parts needed to produce the final result. The thesis has resulted in a design language that appears in the visual identity that has been created and is working as the basis for further development of the application of the research project. This study has shown that it is important to have an open dialogue with the client and as far as possible to meet their wishes and demands. It is also important to re-connect visually so everyone get the same picture. A persona is a good method that the designer has built upon to meet the target group´s needs. It's a good idea to be able to interview the target group to complete the information the client provided.


INTRODUCTION
Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is of critical importance, due to the poor prognosis if this organ manifestation is left undiagnosed and untreated. The six-minute walk test (6 MWT) is a useful test to evaluate exercise tolerance of sarcoid patients. We aimed to assess the 6 MWT value in diagnosis, course and treatment monitoring of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
47 patients were included: 22 with pulmonary sarcoidosis and cardiac involvement (13 women, 9 men), 25 with pulmonary sarcoidosis, with no changes in the heart (15 women, 10 men), and 18 healthy volunteers as controls (12 women, 6 men). Out of 22 patients with cardiac involvement 11 were treated for heart sarcoidosis with prednisone (9 pts - initial dose 60 mg daily and 2 pts - 40 mg daily). 11 pts in this group were not treated. In all patients sarcoidosis was confirmed histopatologically. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to diagnose involvement of the heart. In the studied groups we assessed: heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, and distance in 6 MWT and Borg dyspnea score.

RESULTS
Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis desaturated more during exercise (DSaO2max = 3.5 ± 3.2 vs. 0.38 ± 0.69; p = 0.004) and had a lower increase of HR in first minute during the 6 MWT (DHR1 = 21.81 ± 11.72 vs. 50.61 ± 12.35; p = 0.0001) when compared to healthy subjects. Significantly lower increase of HR in first minute of 6 MWT was observed in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis when compared to patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis with no cardiac involvement (DHR1 = 21.81 ± 11.72 vs. 38.8 ± 18.17, p = 0.01). After introduction of treatment in sarcoidosis group, significantly higher (p = 0.02) increase of HR in first minute of 6 MWT as compared to baseline test was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
The six-minute walk test is useful in diagnosing cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis. The increase in HR during exercise and decrease degree of desaturation were a good predictors of the response to therapy.


This paper has introduced the concept of SNMP, have discussed to use SNMP, get the way of thinking of network resource information, have analysed to use SNMP, after geting network resource information establish one based on the network management system of IP realize scheme.


Occupational exposures to risk factors for low back disorders have been assessed using job titles, self-assessment, observational methods and direct measures. Direct measures are generally recommended as more precise, but their use is limited in large studies. The purpose of this study was to explore the comparability of two direct measurement methods (electromyography and inclinometry) for continuous low back exposures and the ability to distinguish exposures among workers in different industries. Shift-long data on low back muscle activity and posture was collected using EMG and inclinometry from 4 workers in the transportation industry and 4 workers in the wood products industry. Spinal compression summary measures (static, median, peak, cumulative) were estimated and compared by industry and by method. Exposure measures were consistently higher in wood products than in transportation (e.g. EMG-estimated median spinal compression: 1453 N in wood products vs 732 N in transportation). EMG and inclinometer data provided similar estimates for the summary measures (e.g. median spinal compression in wood products: EMG = 1453 N, Inclinometer = 1468 N, r=0.89). Since inclinometer-based estimates of spinal compression appear comparable to those based on EMG and distinguish between exposure groups, inclinometry may be a good surrogate for EMG in large exposure assessment studies.


Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients frequently suffer from thyroid disorders during interferon therapy. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between serum B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) levels and the presence of antithyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) in CHC patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin combination therapy. Six months after the therapy, anti-TPO antibody was detected in 10 (males, 1; females, 9) of 50 patients. The mean age of these patients was higher than that of the anti-TPO-negative patients (61 yr versus 55 yr). Before treatment, the serum BAFF levels of the anti-TPO-positive patients were higher than those of the anti-TPO-negative patients. After starting therapy, the serum BAFF levels of both the anti-TPO-positive and -negative patient groups were elevated. Our findings suggest that the serum BAFF concentration before therapy can predict the risk of thyroid autoimmunity in elderly female patients with CHC.


The influence of climate change on the regional hydrological cycle has been an international scientific issue that has attracted more attention in recent decades due to its huge effects on drought and flood. It is essential to investigate the change of regional hydrological characteristics in the context of global warming for developing flood mitigation and water utilization strategies in the future. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of changes in future runoff and flood for the upper Huai River basin by combining future climate scenarios, hydrological model, and flood frequency analysis. The daily bias correction (DBC) statistical downscaling method is used to downscale the global climate model (GCM) outputs from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and to generate future daily temperature and precipitation series. The Xinanjiang (XAJ) hydrological model is driven to project changes in future seasonal runoff under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios for two future periods: 2050s (2031–2060) and 2080s (2071–2100) based on model calibration and validation. Finally, the peaks over threshold (POT) method and generalized Pareto (GP) distribution are combined to evaluate the changes of flood frequency for the upper Huai River basin. The results show that 1) GCMs project that there has been an insignificant increasing trend in future precipitation series, while an obvious increasing trend is detected in future temperature series; 2) average monthly runoffs in low-flow season have seen decreasing trends under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios during the 2050s, while there has been an obvious increasing trend of average monthly runoff in high-flow season during the 2080s; 3) there is a decreasing trend in design floods below the 50-year return period under two future scenarios during the 2050s, while there has been an significant increasing trend in design flood during the 2080s in most cases and the amplitude of increase becomes larger for a larger return period. The study suggests that future flood will probably occur more frequently and an urgent need to develop appropriate adaptation measures to increase social resilience to warming climate over the upper Huai River basin.


Citizens increasingly use online platforms, and in particular YouTube, to get informed. This paper addresses the role of YouTube's recommendation system in science communication to assess whether YouTube's recommendation system is creating filter bubbles on the climate change issue. It, therefore, contributes to the growing literature that finds that such filter bubbles actually do not exist. The paper shows that users are likely to get content with similar opinions, at least for a few recommended videos in a row. In addition, it was observed that the same promoters of climate denial appear over and over again in different recommendations. Given all that, YouTube can lead to the creation of filter bubbles where users do not have access to all relevant scientific information.


The tip-geometry effect of the Nottingham effect was theoretically investigated for use as a practical solid state cooler. A vacuum potential was first obtained for a spherical tip of an n-type semiconductor cathode. This made it possible to calculate the energy exchange Δε and the cooling power density Γ as a function of the emission configuration. When an atomic-size silicon tip was taken, a meaningful cooling was obtained at the bias V as small as several volts. At V=6.8 volts, a sharp tip of the radius R=0.5 nm yielded the maximum Γ= 1941 and 6148 watts/cm2 at temperature T= 600 and 900 K, respectively.


Most plants respond to herbivore damage with elevated chemical and/or structural mechanisms of resistance. However, some plants, particularly those with few chemical defenses, may actually become more susceptible to herbivores following damage; that is, damage may induce susceptibility. We tested the hypothesis that a fungal symbiont of tall fescue grass provides induced resistance to aphids by manipulating fungal infection, plant damage (clipping), and level of nutrient fertilizer in greenhouse/laboratory experi- ments. The fungus had a negative effect on aphid reproduction that was most pronounced following damage. This result appears to be caused by elevated levels of alkaloids produced by the fungus after damage. Furthermore, plants lacking fungal infection were more sus- ceptible to aphids following damage. Hence, while plant damage induces susceptibility in uninfected plants, it does the opposite (induced resistance) in infected plants. Additional experiments showed that the reversal of induced susceptibility is influenced by intrinsic (fungal strain) as well as extrinsic (nutrient application to plants) factors. We also found that the induced resistance conferred by the fungus comes at the cost of tolerance (reduced regrowth) in infected plants. As a modulator of both resistance and tolerance, the fungus plays a central role in influencing defense of host plants against herbivores and should have important implications for plant-herbivore interactions in natural and agricultural systems.


An air jet loom as one of shuttleless looms transports a yarn into warps using viscosity and kinetic energy of an air jet. A performance of this picking system depends on the ability of instantaneous inhalation/exhaust, the configuration of nozzle, the operation characteristics of a check valve, and so on. In the recent past many studies have been reported on an air jet discharged from the nozzle exit, but studies for understanding of the flow field characteristics associated with shear layer, and shock wave and boundary layer interaction in the nozzle were not conducted enough. In this paper, computational study was performed to explain the flow field in the air jet nozzle with an acceleration tube of a very small divergent angle. The result obtained from computational study show that the flow field in the air jet nozzle depends on the nozzle configuration and the length of acceleration tube.


To the Editor: Mucosal healing is an important therapeutic end point in the management of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Vedolizumab is a newer class of anti-integrin biological agents approved to treat inflammatory bowel disease. It is effective as both induction and maintenance therapies for patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.1 Vedolizumab is efficacious in patients with ulcerative colitis who are naive or refractory to tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Vedolizumab has an improved safety profile compared with other approved biologic drugs because of its gut-selective mechanism of action. No clinically important safety signals have been identified. The rates of adverse events, serious adverse effects, and serious infections were not different between patients treated with placebo and those who received vedolizumab in clinical trials.2 We report a case of a 58-year-old white man with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis phenotype who has been on treatment over the last 2 years, initially on 5-acetyl salicylic acid and steroids and later switched to azathioprine and adalimumab. He was started on vedolizumab for continued symptoms. After 3 doses of vedolizumab, he presented to emergency department with severe respiratory distress at rest and hypoxia. Chest x-ray revealed diffuse bilateral infiltrates (Figure 1). He was admitted to intensive care unit and treated with intravenous piperacillin–tazobactam, azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and methylprednisolone. Differential diagnosis considered includes multilobar pneumonia, fluid overload, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, interstitial lung diseases, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. He was subsequently intubated and mechanically ventilated. A bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. The results of the bronchoscopy studies were negative. Echocardiogram showed normal systolic heart function. A diagnosis of vedolizumab-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome was made. Naranjo scale was calculated as 4, suggesting a possible adverse drug reaction. Over the next 2 weeks, the patient was weaned of the mechanical ventilator, antibiotics, and steroid. He was discharged home on azathioprine, whereas vedolizumab was held. Aspirin, cocaine, opioids, phenothiazine, and tricyclic antidepressants are known to be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mechanism of action of vedolizumab involves binding alpha 4 beta 7 integrin and blocks its interaction with mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1, leading to inhibition of memory Tlymphocyte migration into inflamed gastrointestinal parenchymal tissue. Usual starting dose is 300 mg intravenous on week 0, 2, 6 and then every 8 weeks. Known respiratory adverse effects reported are cough, nasopharyngitis, and bronchitis. Our patient has received the first 3 loading doses before developing symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is no previous reported case of vedolizumab-associated acute


Safety and reliability of engineering systems are affected by uncertainties from four sources: (i) inherent variability in the physical variables, (ii) modeling errors, (iii) estimation errors and (iv) human errors. In this paper, we investigate the second source, namely the effect of modeling uncertainties on the predictability and robustness of progressive failure response in composites. Modeling uncertainties exist in the homogenization models used for stiffness calculations, in micromechanics models used for calculating the ply or constituent level stresses, in the phenomenological and mechanistic failure criteria used for predicting failure, and in the models used to degrade ply properties after initial failure. This paper investigates the effects of different modeling uncertainties on the predictability and robustness of progressive failure response for different composite laminate designs. The interaction of model uncertainties with physical variability is also investigated. It is shown that reliability optimization for variability provides designs that have robust energy absorption when analyzed with model uncertainties but do not have a predictable failure sequence. To achieve a predictable failure sequence requires including model uncertainties along with variability in the reliability optimization.


The electrochemical behavior of a series of 2-substituted 1,3-benzoxaphospholes and 2,6-disubstituted benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisoxaphospholes has been examined by cyclic voltammetry methods. One-electron reductions near −1.99 V vs SCE in THF (0.1 M [nBu4N][BF4]) are observed for 2-aryl-1,3-benzoxaphospholes, with the exception of compounds where aryl = p-C6H4Br or p-C6H4Cl, which show irreversible reduction processes. 2,6-Dimesityl-benzobisoxaphosphole and 2,6-dixylyl-benzobisoxaphosphole show two reduction waves, with the first wave displaying reversibility (ca. E1/2 ≈ −2.0 V vs SCE). By contrast, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-benzobisoxaphosphole and 2,6-diadamantyl-benzobisoxaphosphole show single reversible reductions near −2.36 V vs SCE. DFT calculations have been conducted in order to give a greater understanding of the electronic factors influencing the electrochemical results.


Scheme 1. Some ferrocenyl chalcones bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorophores Ferrocenyl chalcones (Fc-Ar, Fc-C(O)CH=CHAr and Ar-Fc, Ar-C(O)CH=CHFc), in which ferrocenyl (Fc) and aromatic (Ar) groups are linked by an enone bridge (-CH=CHC(O)-), are versatile compounds exhibiting antiplasmodial and antitumor activities, fluorescent and electrochemical properties, and molecular chemosensor activity. Ferrocenyl chalcones bearing the fluorophores such as 2-naphthalene, 9-anthracene, 1-pyrene, and N-ethyl carbazole, are regarded as good candidates for new fluorescent material (Scheme 1). However, ferrocenyl chalcones containing 9-anthracene and 2-naphthalene derivatives have been reported as being not fluorescent, while those containing 1-pyrene and N-ethyl carbazole derivatives are fluorescent. It means that the ferrocenyl group, known as an effective quencher of exited states, is therefore not the only reason why they are non-fluorescent. Some derivatization of fluorophores can also disable fluorescence, as demonstrated by 2acetylanthracene being fluorescent while 9-acetylanthracene is not. In this study, a ferrocenyl chalcone with a 2-anthracenyl group (2-Anth-C(O)CH=CHFc, 2Anth-Fc), an analogue of 9Anth-Fc, was prepared. Unlike 9Anth-Fc, 2Anth-Fc is fluorescent and its fluorescence was investigated in relation to its solvent's polarity. Its electrochemical properties were also studied and the local geometry of 2Anth-Fc is suggested from H NMR results.


Objective To analyze the constituents of the essential oil from Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr.MethodsThe volatile oil was obtained by steam distillation.The chemical constituents were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The relative contents were determined by area normalization.ResultsThe extraction rate of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr.leaves was 0.11%.11 compounds were separated and identified,which accounted for 100% of the essential oil of the skins.The main chemical components of the essential oil were 3,7,11-trimethyl-,1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol(46.03%),(-)-Globulol)(8.39%),adipic acid,dioctyl ester(7.03%),Ledol(7.00%),Copaene(5.86%),etc.ConclusionThe essential oil of leaf of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr.is studied for the first time.It has provided scientific foundation for exploitation and utilization of Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr.


Summary form only given. Electromigration-induced failures of magnetic thin films have been investigated and analyzed to predict the electrical reliability of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) read heads. Magnetic thin films showed the larger failure lifetime (median time to failure, MTTF) compared to the high conductivity metallic thin films such as Cu and Al thin films under the same constant current biasing conditions. The increase of resistance due to void formation and increase of shunting current or interdiffusion paths due to hillock formation are considered to be serious potential problems in the degradation of the electrical reliability of GMR spin-valve heads.


The 186 aa truncated protein produced by the tomato spontaneous non-ripening (nor) mutant enters the nucleus and combines with the promoters of its target genes, resulting in a gain of function.


Our work, which this master thesis is based upon, has been committed to analysing the settings of large-scale events, proposing, and designing an IT-artefact that can be adapted to different contex ...


Reducing the Use of Experimental Animals Where No Replacement is Yet Available (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, Volume 32, Supplement 2) 2004. Edited by M Balls, M W Festing and S Vaughan. ISSN 0261-1929. Pp 104. FRAME, Nottingham, UK. £12.00 (including postage). www.frame.org.uk The FRAME (Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments) Reduction Committee promotes the uptake of strategies to reduce the use of animals for scientific purposes. This supplement to ATLA describes a wide variety of practical solutions to achieving such reduction, without reducing the volume or quality of scientific research. It comprises summaries of papers presented at two meetings: the first, 'Scientists, statisticians, ethical review process (ERP) members and trainers; optimising animal use by enhanced teamwork', organized jointly by the Laboratory Animal Science Association (LASA) Alternatives Section and FRAME, held in April 2001; and the second, organized by the FRAME Reduction Committee and entitled 'Reduction – current status and future prospects', held in October 2002. Outputs of the former meeting are summarized as a collection of six papers, five delivered from the platform and the final one a summary of discussions centred on problems and their possible solutions, which occurred during discussions between researchers and statisticians on the topic of study design. Outputs from the second symposium are presented as nine platform presentations and are concluded with a note summarizing the activities of the FRAME Reduction Committee, since its inception. Because this supplement comprises presentations delivered at two separate meetings, there is inevitably a degree of overlap of subject material. For example, the LASA Alternatives Section meeting includes a paper by van der Valk and Van Zutphen on 'Reduction through education: the insight of the trainer', which described and reflected on the FELASA Category C course organized by the University of Utrecht in Netherlands, whereas a paper by TimoNevalainen, delivered during the Reduction Committee's symposium, briefly reviewed the Guidelines produced by FELASA for the education and training of those working with laboratory animals; this latter went on to consider the interplay between inter-animal variability, refinement and reduction. He pointed out that a greater awareness of political and scientific areas at an EU level could have a substantial impact on the numbers of animals used in scientific investigations. In a similar vein, Van de Werg, Van Loo and V Baumans argued that improvements in the environment within which animals are housed, are not only beneficial for the animals' wellbeing, but may often reduce aggression between group-housed animals and lead to less inter-animal variability with a consequent reduction in the numbers of animals required. A paper by Doxall, presented during a Reduction Committee symposium, provided a practical example of this by describing how introduction of a socialization and training programme for dogs not only improved their welfare but enhanced the quality of scientific data generated during the investigation and decreased variability between the behaviour of animals, with a consequent reduction of the numbers necessary for a particular investigation. An alternative strategy described in a paper presented by Stallard and Whitehead in the joint LASA Alternatives meeting described the development and revision of the fixed-dose procedure prior to its adoption by the OECD in 2001 and demonstrated the power of statistical modelling and increasing the efficiency of such test procedures. During the Reduction Committee symposium a paper by the same authors reviewed opportunities for reducing the numbers of animals used in acute toxicity testing by improving study design, particularly the fixed-dose procedure and the up and down procedures which have been adopted by the OECD. These offered opportunities for minimizing the number of animals required for safety evaluation worldwide. These authors described a statistical model for the evaluation of acute oral toxicity assessment using the fixed-dose procedure and suggested ways in which further reduction might be possible. Hendriksen presented a paper for the Reduction Committee symposium, exploring possibilities for reduction based on alternative procedures for the quality control of vaccines (including potency testing), then showed how substantial reductions in the numbers of animals required can be achieved by careful study design. He reflected on assessment of data and developed the rationale for the single dose potency test, the use of genetically uniform animals and the development of serologybased models. In a paper presented alongside this, Festing discussed the importance of minimizing genetic variability (e.g. by the use of inbred strains) and made a plea for these to be formally incorporated into safety testing programmes. A paper presented at the same meeting by Double discussed how a change in the scientific approach to investigation of possible treatments for cancer, could permit collection of meaningful scientific data at the same time as achieving a very substantial reduction in animal usage. He based his presentation on the value of the 'hollow-fibre system', which increased the amount and quality of data that can be obtained from a single experimental animal whilst reducing or eliminating the need for control animals. Other papers dealt with the difficult interface between biological researchers and statisticians


Purpose – This paper aims to develop a conceptual foundation of a fit between top management teams (TMTs) and their company's corporate strategy. The authors fortify the importance of the concept of fit if the impact of upper echelons on organizational performance is trying to be explained. Yet, a constitutive concept of fit for the corporate strategy, a particularly important dimension of strategy, was previously neglected. Design/methodology/approach – In a conceptual/theoretical approach, the authors selected demographic managerial characteristics from previous empirical studies from the research stream on upper echelons and combined them with other promising characteristics. To analyze them in respect to the requirements of low and highly diversified companies, the authors applied the concept of the dominant logic, an important theory in the field of corporate strategy. Findings – The authors establish two distinct profiles of TMT members for low and high degrees of diversification and provide guidanc...


We discuss the development of the tabular equation of state (EOS) models for ablator materials in current use at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in simulations of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at the National Ignition Facility. We illustrate the methods with a review of current models for ablator materials and discuss some of the challenges in performing hydrocode simulations with high-fidelity multiphase models. We stress the importance of experimental data, as well as the utility of ab initio electronic structure calculations, in regions where data is not currently available. We illustrate why Hugoniot data alone is not sufficient to constrain the EOS models. These cases illustrate the importance of experimental EOS data in multi-megabar regimes, and the vital role they play in the development and validation of EOS models for ICF simulations.


Abstract Analysis of CTD, Batfish and drifter data collected in the southern Labrador marginal ice zone during LIMEX (Labrador Ice Margin Experiment) in 1987 shows strong evidence of upwelling at the ice edge. The most clear indication of the upwelling is the rise of isopycnals and the increase of surface density near the ice edge. The upwelling zone has a width of 6 km extending from the ice edge, and an upwelling depth of at least 100 m. The existence of the upwelling zone along the ice edge is shown to be related to the character of the ice edge. Upwelling is more likely to occur at sharp and compacted ice edges. A two‐dimensional coupled ice‐ocean dynamical model of a continuously stratified ocean with a coastal boundary on a sloping bottom is used to study the dynamics of ice‐edge upwelling. The model results are in qualitative agreement with observations. A sensitivity analysis of the model is presented.


Despite the fact that there is high agricultural policy density in Tanzania, implementation of the agricultural policies has remained ineffective. Studies to explain the causes of implementation ineffectiveness are vast. However, the political dimension of agricultural policy implementation is seldom systematically examined. Thus politics as a variable that can steer implementation has hitherto received a narrow focus. The article examines how the political dynamic has led to ineffective agricultural policy implementation in Tanzania. The article applies qualitative research methods. We used in-depth interviews with key agricultural and political stakeholders to uncover the effects of politics on agricultural policy implementation. Empirical data shows that the implementation of agricultural policies in Tanzania is vastly affected by politics. Politics has affected the allocation of resources required for effective policy implementation. The paper has also noted incidences of political capture in the form of threats, political interference, imprecise prioritisation, resource diversion, rent-seeking and embezzlement of policy implementation resources. Our analysis shows that politics matters in policy implementation. Politics has been a source of implementation disruptions when it is misapplied. This article champions the body of knowledge on the policy-politics dichotomy by arguing that applying politics rightly in the policy process can reduce implementation disruptions.


TASC, DISCOVER, PBL, and Prism models were integrated and applied in a Community Awareness Unit designed for sixth grade. The students listed different problems they considered important in their community and then selected a theme that was of the greatest interest to them: The effects of alcohol on the community. The teacher wrote a problem based scenario to explain the theme and the students divided into six stakeholder groups to investigate and gather information on the essential question from their stakeholder group's viewpoint. At the end they presented their results to their peers and the community. The students developed realistic solutions to a community problem that affected all of them. The students gained valuable skills from the required curriculum as outlined in the Arizona State Standards in language arts, science, math, and technology. They applied these skills and concepts in an integrated way and exercised their creative problem solving abilities to propose innovative solutions to persistent problems.


This article is devoted to the history of the art of musical performance. The topic is covered in the article based on the research of scientists such as Abdurauf Fitrat, V. Belyaev, F. Karomatov, T. Vyzgo. Sources used in executive practice and stored in archives were studied and comparatively analyzed. Throughout the course of a brief history of instrumental performance, there are references to the practice.


This paper analyzes the principles and meanings of building economy cost management,discuss the application of cost management,and puts forward methods of strengthening cost management,with a view to control enterprise cost and to improve the economic benefits of the enterprise and the state.


We note that if we construct from the observed anomalous acceleration $a_P=(8.74\pm1.33)\times 10^{-10}m/s^2$ of the spacecrafts Pioneer 10 and 11 towards the Sun, the proton mass $m_p$ and Newton's gravitational constant $G$ a quantity $\ell_P:=(Gm_p/a_P)^{1/2}$, which has the same dimension as length, then $\ell_P$ is roughly of the same order of magnitude as is the Compton wave length of a proton. We formulate a simple quantum mechanical hypothesis, which aims to provide an explanation to this interesting numerical coincidence.


Abstract New examples of cationic and neutral trigonal bipyramidal and rectangular pyramidal 10-P-5 species are presented. Their spectral properties (especially their NMR characteristics) and the factors stabilizing them are discussed.


Disk drives play a critical role on the performance of I/O intensive applications. Over the years, disk drive performance has grown as a result of advances in magnetic recording density and faster rotational speeds. In essence, the performance driver in disks has been the data rate. In this paper, we show that data rate is going to be increasingly difficult to optimize, due to power/thermal constraints. We argue that disk drive designers should instead focus their efforts on providing more computational capabilities that data intensive applications could leverage in order to boost performance. We also discuss the scope for provisioning powerful processors inside disk drives to provide these computational capabilities.


As a test of procedures required to study the H 1 contents of spiral galaxies in distant clusters of galaxies, we have observed the cluster Abell 154 from Arecibo.2 Fourteen candidate detections were found in two regions of the cluster comprising about 10% of the cluster area. We compare these results in detail with those we would expect to obtain for the exhaustively studied Virgo cluster displaced to the distance of A 154. Most of our candidate detections are likely to be the combined profiles of two or more spiral galaxies, many of them too faint to appear on the list of morphological types classified by Dressler ( 1980). Any attempt to identify these HI signals with known bright spirals is problematic at best. The A 154 profiles are systematically broader than we would expect for Virgo, but a crude application of the Tully-Fisher correlation indicates that they are still consistent with available photometric data. While the HI deficiency in Virgo would still be apparent at the Al54 distance, we find no significant evidence for H I deficiency in A 154.


The terms on the copyright pages of some multiple published and reprint books were nonstandard, incorrect and unclear. They impacted the correct description of the books. These problems are analyzed with examples in order to bring them to cataloguists' and book publishers' attention.


Television and other electronic media are major forms of entertainment for children. Researchers found that the total time spent with electronic media by children ages 2 to 18 was five and a half hours each day (three and a half hours with television). Electronic media includes television, music, computer use, movies, and video games. In one study 75 percent of children 12 to 19 years old spent 6 hours a week watching music videos.


Clock extraction from an optically or electrically injected 223 − 1 PRBS RZ data signal in a two-section ridge waveguide DFB laser with a new type of selfpulsation is demonstrated between 0.4 and 0.7 GHz. A locking range of 50 MHz is measured.


Methanol-toluene extracts of 14 from 19 species (73.68%) of marine sponges collected from the Chang islands, Trad province had antimicrobial activities against human, plant and marine shrimp pathogens. The extract from Chang01 had the most interesting activity as broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against 11 pathogens and the unique activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Rolstonia solanacearum, Vibrio clolerae and Vibrio flavialis. The extracts from Chang08, Chang09, Chang17 and Chang19 had potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophyte. The promising antimicrobial activities from these extracts have potential to be used as sources of natural products for biomedicine and agriculture application.


We analyze a model of optimal consumption and portfolio selection in which consumption services are generated by holding a durable good. The durable good is illiquid in that a transaction cost must be paid when the good is sold. It is shown that optimal consumption is not a smooth function of wealth; it is optimal for the consumer to wait until a large change in wealth occurs before adjusting his consumption. As a consequence, the consumption based capital asset pricing model fails to hold. Nevertheless, it is shown that the standard, one factor, market portfolio based capital asset pricing model does hold in this environment. It is shown that the optimal durable level is characterized by three numbers (not random variables), say x, y, and z (where x


Abstract Biochemical and histological changes characteristic of rickets were produced in puppies fed two low-calcium diets, both deficient in vitamin D. Three criteria of surfaces undergoing bone formation—lamellae of bone of low density running parallel to a smooth surface seen microradiographically, high concentration of tetracycline labeling, and surfaces covered by osteoid—appear to be correlated in normal animals; this correlation was lost in the rachitic puppies. In the rachitic puppies the osteoid borders were wider and the amount of new tissue deposited (bone formation) during the test period was reduced. Internal surface of bone covered with osteoid may not be susceptible to resorption. This hypothesis was supported by the persistence of old periosteal bone and the decrease in number of secondary osteons.


Abstract:Reading letters sent by "average readers" in response to Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, this article not only revises the reception history of the novel but also suggests the early-twentieth-century reader's role in the continuum of modernist literary production and consumption. In response to fan mail complaining about the novel's obscenity and impropriety, Scribner's developed strategies for marketing it to the masses, guiding and reassuring the skeptical middlebrow reader; yet Hemingway's more admiring and sympathetic fan mail also reveals the emergence of a "counter-public sphere" in support of the novel and opposed to the mass market bourgeois public.


BaTiO_3-based lead-free piezoelectric materials have long been known as "a mediocre class of piezoelectric materials." However, they have seen significant renewed interest in recent years ever since the discovery of high piezoelectricity in Ba(Zr, Ti)O_3-(Ba, Ca)TiO_3 as well as the related Ba(Sn, Ti)O_3-(Ba, Ca)TiO_3 and Ba(Hf, Ti)O_3-(Ba, Ca)TiO_3 systems. The unexpectedly high piezoelectricity in this class of BaTiO_3 (BT)-based materials is still not well understood and has stimulated significant research activity. We present a concise discussion of the notions leading to high piezoelectricity in BaTiO_3-based systems. In particular, the possible role of a multiphase-coexisting point is highlighted.


The present invention relates to a solar cell comprising a photoactive component, particularly optically active i- layer system comprising an organic layer, comprising at least one mixed layer, the mixed layer includes at least one donor material and one of the acceptor substance and, accordingly, the donor-acceptor to form a system. A donor material and an acceptor material in the mixed layer is a non-polymeric materials are. In vacuo, the donor material is an acceptor material with a low evaporation temperature of at least 150 ℃ than the evaporation temperature of each layer n-, i- layer or inversion layer is a sequence having a nip, ip, or ni structure of the p- layer system has, where i- organic photoactive layer system on the cathode or the electron - is applied directly on the n- conductive material system.