ABSTRACT: African Star grass silage with molasses, whey and microbial additive. Nutritional and fermentation value of African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) silage with application of molasses, mixtures of whey and molasses, and microbial inoculants were determined in the University of Costa Rica campus during 2009. Forage was harvested with 60 days of regrowth to 80cm height and ensiled for 60 days in transparent plastic bags of one kilogram capacity. The treatments consisted in homemade inoculum (1 l/t MF), commercial inoculum (3,76g/t MF) and without application of inoculum, which were included molasses (3% p/p), mixtures of molasses and whey (3% p/p) in three relationships (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) and a control without application of sources of sugars for a total of fifteen treatments with four replicates per treatment. The homemade inoculum decreased the DM content (26,42±0,70%) and increased CP concentration (11,68±0,20%), ash (12,74±0,14%), NDF (64,88±2,02%), ADF (36,51±1,53%), lignin (4,29±0,39%), pH value (4,56±0.27), buffer capacity (91.20±3.34 mEqNaOH.100g-1DM) and ammonia nitrogen (1.78±0.28%) (N/N total). On the other hand, the commercial inoculant decreased the NDF content (63,00±1,57%) and the lignin content (2,87±0,17%) and buffer capacity (76,87±8,77mEqNaOH/100g DM) of materials. Molasses and mixtures of molasses and whey application, increase DM, NDF, ADF, IVDMD, pH and ammonia nitrogen (N/N total). Homemade microbial inoculant reduced the energy density of the material. The results show that the better fermentative and nutritional value of silage was obtained with the application of mixture molasses and buttermilk in a 4:1 ratio with no inoculum added. KEYWORDS: Crude protein, total digestible nutrients, neutral detergent fiber, carbohydrate source, homemade inoculum


Any large scale programme of social transformation requires people's participation. If such a participation is not institutionalised, it would be dysfunctional for developmental programmes. People have to be properly motivated and enthused to participate in the nation-building activities, and this can be best achieved by involving community leaders in the decisionmaking processes of developmental tasks. While the necessity for people's involvement in development is recognised, its actual operationalisation creates many obstacles. The present volume is an important contribution in the study of problems of people's participation in the developmental process of India in general, and of Rajas than in particular. Ramesh Arora, the editor of this volume, has summed up the major issues raised by twenty contributors who are academicians and practitioners of administration. While the scope of the contributions is quite wide, some of them lack in-depth analysis. One common theme among all the contributors is a realisation of the difficulties involved in mobilising people to participate in development. As the editor states:


PART ONE: THE SORBONNE The Professor Hope and Fear of the Century The Algerian War and the Fifth Republic The Sorbonne Trilogy (1) Industrial Society The Sorbonne Trilogy (2) Social Stratification The Sorbonne Trilogy (3) A Sociology of Political Regimes Peace and War among Nations Founders of Modern Sociology An Essay on Liberties Ideology and Development Progress and Disillusion France, Europe and the Atlantic Alliance De Gaulle, Israel and the Jews May 1968 The Elusive Revolution Althusser, Marxist of the Mind PART TWO: THE COLLEGE DE FRANCE The Mandarin France after De Gaulle Imperial Republic The United States in the Postwar World Sartre, History and the Dialectic of Violence Clausewitz and the Theory of War Plea for a Decadent Europe om Le Figaro to L'Express The Reprieve, 1977-1983 Of Wars and Ideologies The Committed Observer


Background: Tuberculosis or TB is still a public health problem that poses a global challenge. The spread of this disease through droplets of people who have been infected with tuberculosis bacilli. The incidence of TB transmission is around 5-15%. The TB Control Program in a national strategy is directed toward universal access to quality TB services, this can be achieved by involving all health-care facilities. Public-Private Mix / PPM (the collaboration between government services and private services) is the inclusion of all health service facilities in an effort to expand TB services and TB program continuity with a comprehensive approach. Uncomplicated management of pulmonary tuberculosis must be resolved by doctors who work in health centers/clinics from starting to make clinical diagnoses to managing the disease independently and thoroughly.Objectives: This research is to find out the implementation, obstacles to the implementation of DOTS strategy TB treatment at an independent practice physician in Kebumen Regency, and the form of a collaborative pattern of DOTS strategy TB treatment between independent practice doctors and health centers as a form of collaboration in Public-Private Mix.Methods: This research is a case study with a qualitative descriptive approach. Samples were taken by purposive sampling from puskesmas and health department. The total sample of 25 respondents consisted of 4 independent practice doctors, and from the puskesmas consisted of 5 puskesmas heads, 5 TB officers, 5 TB management officers, 3 Health Office officials, and 3 TB patients. Results: Most independent doctors diagnose based on clinical symptoms of TB and a small portion supported by chest X-ray. All puskesmas have implemented TB management with the DOTS strategy, but the results of TB program achievements are still low. This is because the number of suspected TBs is still low. Puskesmas need networks to find TB suspects. One solution is to form a collaboration scheme between puskesmas and independent practice doctors to improve TB management.Conclusion: The mapping of the implementation and barriers of TB DOTS and the solution to the scheme are in the form of collaboration between puskesmas and independent doctors in the form of PPM (Public Private Mix).


Objective To explore clinical efficacy of miniscrews anchorage in the treatment of handicapping dentofacial anomaly.Methods Twenty nine patients of handicapping dentofacial anomaly received miniscrews anchorage treatment.Tolerance of miniature implant body was observed,and the results of SNA,SNB,ANB,FH-MP by X-ray projection measurement before and after treatment were analyzed and compared.Results Twenty nine single palatal implants in the provision of treatment time had good tolerance.Laded stress of 150 g,300 g,400 g had no statistically significance in palatal implants stability(χ2 =2.22,1.28,1.14,P0.05).Laded times of right now,2 weeks,4 weeks had no statistical differences in palatal implant stability(χ2 =1.14,1.28,2.22,P0.05).Palatal implants had good stability.There was no statistical differences in SNA,SNB,ANB,and FH-MP(χ2=1.48,1.27,1.53,0.97,P0.05).Conclusions Miniscrews anchorage shows its unique advantage in adult orthodontics.


The present study investigates the effect of applying video teaching materials to specialized theoretical courses,based on a positive research on the teaching of "The Principles of Economics" for senior college students of English major. The study reveals that video teaching materials influence classroom teaching positively,and that they are helpful to students' memory,comprehension,and mastery of basic knowledge.


Copper(II) oxide thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using bis-(dimethylamino-2-propoxide)copper [Cu(dmap)2] and ozone in a temperature window of 80–140 °C. A thorough characterization of the films was performed using x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflectivity, UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis techniques. The process was found to produce polycrystalline copper(II) oxide films with a growth rate of 0.2–0.3 A per cycle. Impurity content in the films was relatively small for a low temperature ALD process.


Korea has introduced the "Framework act on low carbon, green growth" in hope of controling the amount of GHG emission, through which it expects to reduce 30% of the expected GHG emission by 2020. In order to fulfill the aforementioned objectives more efficiently, all of major companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises are required to take action for GHG emission reductions. The study has been conducted to analyze the GHG reduction potential and cost effectiveness using fuel switching methodology of the KVER project. We studied 386 companies that are currently using Bunker-C oil as their primary fuel and supposed they would replace it with LNG. The reference data for this study were the outcomes of KVER project in 2010 and energy consumption data which amounted to 3,054 digitally. Through this study, we found out that the total cost of Bunker-C oil consumption is much cheaper than that of LNG. However, when it came to the GHG emission reductions, LNG turned out to be more favorable. We learned that the practice of fuel switching methodology would result in reducing 650 million tons of CO2 emissions which is 2.6% of the amount of GHG reduction target in 2020.


Transposable elements (TEs) constitute 50% of the human genome and many have been co-opted throughout human evolution due to gain of advantageous regulatory functions controlling gene expression networks. Several lines of evidence suggest these networks can be fine-tuned by the largest family of TE controllers, the KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KZFPs). One tissue permissive for TE transcriptional activation (termed 'transposcription') is the adult human brain, however comprehensive studies on the extent of this process and its potential contribution to human brain development are lacking. In order to elucidate the spatiotemporal transposcriptome of the developing human brain, we have analysed two independent RNA-seq datasets encompassing 16 distinct brain regions from eight weeks post-conception into adulthood. We reveal an anti-correlated, KZFP:TE transcriptional profile defining the late prenatal to early postnatal transition, and the spatiotemporal and cell type specific activation of TE-derived alternative promoters driving the expression of neurogenesis-associated genes. We also demonstrate experimentally that a co-opted antisense L2 element drives temporal protein re-localisation away from the endoplasmic reticulum, suggestive of novel TE dependent protein function in primate evolution. This work highlights the widespread dynamic nature of the spatiotemporal KZFP:TE transcriptome and its potential importance throughout neurotypical human brain development.


In this new era of fast communication and fast change of the technology, fast changes in the process of education are inevitable. Obtaining universal knowledge and skills in the schools is more than necessary. Experiential, hands-on and student-directed learning which are recommended by the educators more than 100 years ago, every day become more and more our need and reality. One of the approaches, which offer these features, is the Project Based Learning (PBL). There are many discussions on what PBL really is, what are the steps that must be followed, when the approach is PBL and when it is not PBL, how to use it, how to adjust PBL approach to our needs defined by the curriculum and the syllabus etc. Probably the biggest question is how to assess the individual knowledge and skills of each student obtained in the team during PBL. Here, we will try to clarify some of the most important dilemmas and questions about the essence of PBL, differences and similarities with other approaches. We will also discuss few examples of PBL use in physics teaching and learning for the students of low secondary school (grades 8 and 9).


A 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design was employed to examine the relationship among status differentials, status stability, and intergroup social competition. The three independent variables were the ethnic background of subjects (Anglo-American/Mexican American), manipulated status rank (high status/low status), and status stability (stable status/unstable status). The dependent variable was social competition defined as in-group bias/out-group discrimination as measured by Taffel's matrices. Fifty-two Mexican American and 42 Anglo-American subjects participated in this study. They were asked to rate a bogus ethnic in-group and out-group on the quality of their solutions to a problem-solving task. The results indicated that stable high-status Anglo-Americans exhibited social competition against the Mexican American out-group whereas stable low-status Anglo-Americans showed slight favoritism toward this out-group. Furthermore, unstable Anglo-Americans, both low and high statuses, displayed social competition against Mexican Americans. Finally, the results showed that Mexican Americans, regardless of their status rank or status stability, exhibited social competition against the Anglo-American outgroup. Thesefindings are believed to be a result of the real-world minority status of Mexican Americans.


The objective of this study was to identify and discuss contributions of QuiLegAl, a multi-platform application (app), to the teaching and learning processes, based on an evaluative approach carried out by a group of undergraduate licenciatura students in Chemistry. The app QuiLegAl is part of a master's thesis, which was dedicated to the development of digital learning objects as an alternative for teaching Science and Chemistry topics, such as chemical bonds and chemical equations and their representations. The research adopted a qualitative approach, with characteristics of a case study. For data production, evaluation questionnaires proposed by Oliveira (2017) and audio recordings and observation were used. The organization and analysis of the results were carried out based on the content analysis techniques (BARDIN, 2011), as well as on the triangulation of data from different sources. The results presented by the study indicate that QuiLegAl, object of evaluation by the undergraduate students, meets the requirements of the different aspects evaluated, namely the integration of visual, sound and interactive resources and the possibilities of building molecular structures, which can contribute to imparting user autonomy. These aspects demonstrate the potential of the app as a pedagogical resource for the teaching of Natural Sciences. The study suggests that QuiLegAl can motivate users to know, explore and plan new approaches to the topic of chemical bonds, using the app as an alternative to the teaching and learning processes.


The age specific fecundity life table studies of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) were conducted at room temperature 25 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 2 percent RH on tomato in Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. Age specific fecundity life table of T. absoluta revealed that the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), mean generation time (Tc), corrected generation time (T), finite rate of increase (λ) and weekly multiplication of population (l7) were R0 = 40.18 individuals per female, 0.19 (female progeny/female/day), Tc = 30.16 days, T = 28.94 days, λ = 1.20 and λ7 = 35.83, respectively.


Dr. F. PARKES WEBER: In regard to the remarks of Dr. Adamson, I would remind members that in the early stages of the symmetrical generalized type of sclerodermia the edema-like appearance may be at first so striking (even on the face) that the condition may be mistaken for kidney disease. Then the swelling may disappear. It is during the hypertrophic, " cedematous," stage that there is still some hope of almost complete recovery.


Vitamin D is not a true vitamin but a fat-soluble steroid prohormone that has long been known for its important and diverse role in the biological system. Many studies have revealed that vitamin D deficiency is linked with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, t...


The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human organism. Changes in the IM are associated with many diseases, for example, IM is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation during acute intestinal infections (AIIs). Medications have different effects on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbial community and can therefore indirectly affect the course of recovery. Objective. To evaluate the IM composition in the acute period of infectious diarrhea in children and to assess the effect of therapy with nifuroxazide and cephalosporins on it. Patients and methods. This study included 21 children with invasive AIIs. Twelve patients received nifuroxazide (IN group), whereas 9 patients were treated with third-generation cephalosporins (IC group). There was also a control group comprised of 10 healthy children (group C). The duration of the course of antibacterial therapy was 5–7 days. We analyzed the microbial composition of fecal specimens from all study participants using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Data analysis was performed using the Knomics-Biota platform and the R Programming Environment. Results. We observed reduced alpha diversity (an integral characteristic of a microbial community which estimates the number of species in it and their proportion) already in the early period of invasive AII in children. We also found an increased total proportion of opportunistic bacteria in children with AIIs compared to controls, particularly species of Fusobacteriacea. Restoration of alpha diversity was achieved only in patients receiving nifuroxazide. Differences in the dynamics of the proportion of opportunistic microflora in the intervention groups were associated with the initial differences in the microbiome composition between the groups due to small number of patients in them. In the IN group, the proportion of Fusobacteriaceae species before treatment was higher than that in healthy controls; however, immediately after treatment completion and one month later, there were no differences in the IM composition between the IN group and controls. Patients from the IC group had higher proportion of opportunistic bacteria than healthy children; by the end of the treatment course, this parameter was normalized and was similar to that in the control group. Conclusion. The use of nifuroxazide in children with invasive AIIs was associated with restoration of alpha diversity and the reduction in the proportion of opportunistic species (in particular, Fusobacteriaceae). Children receiving cephalosporins also demonstrated the reduction in this proportion, but their alpha diversity was not restored. Keywords: acute intestinal infections, children, antibacterial therapy, nifuroxazide, cephalosporins, intestinal microbiota, 16S rRNA gene sequencing


OVER the whole range of democratic activities, in politics, industry, education and administration, the road to success appears to lie in restraint. Logic might seem to require unlimited allegiance to one or other political programme, but in fact progress is more often forged by combining the best of opposing doctrines-the big as well as the small, equality as well as liberty, state control as well as free enterprise. The Greeks were the first to evolve theories about politics and freedom, and one of their main principles was &dquo;nothing in excess&dquo;. We could do worse than accept the wisdom that does not age. The importance of balance is seen throughout nature, from the solar system down to the realm of politics. Too much or too little,


Initially, memory is labile and requires consolidation to become stable. However, several studies support that consolidated memories can undergo a new period of lability after retrieval. The mechanistic differences of this process, termed reconsolidation, with the consolidation process are under debate, including the participation of hippocampus. Up to this point, few reports describe molecular changes and, in particular, transcription factor (TF) involvement in memory restabilization. Increasing evidence supports the participation of the TF nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in memory consolidation. Here, we demonstrate that the inhibition of NF-κB after memory reactivation impairs retention of a hippocampal-dependent inhibitory avoidance task in mice. We used two independent disruptive strategies to reach this conclusion. First, we administered intracerebroventricular or intrahippocampal sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of IKK (IκB kinase), the kinase that activates NF-κB. Second, we infused intracerebroventricular or intrahippocampal κB decoy, a direct inhibitor of NF-κB consisting of a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide that contains the κB consensus sequence. When injected immediately after memory retrieval, sulfasalazine or κB decoy (Decoy) impaired long-term retention. In contrast, a one base mutated κB decoy (mDecoy) had no effect. Furthermore, we also found NF-κB activation in the hippocampus, with a peak 15 min after memory retrieval. This activation was earlier than that found during consolidation. Together, these results indicate that NF-κB is an important transcriptional regulator in memory consolidation and reconsolidation in hippocampus, although the temporal kinetics of activation differs between the two processes.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to know the correlation between students' reading habit (X) and their writing ability in narrative text (Y) at eleventh grade of SMK Bina Karya Kab. Tangerang in academic year 2019/2020. There were 30 students taken as the sample of this study who were determined by using random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the instruments used were students' writing test and questionnaire of students' reading habit. Subsequently, the research finding indicated that there is low correlation between students' reading habit and their writing ability in narrative text. It is considered that alternative hypothesis (Ha) in this research is rejected and the null hypothesis (Ho) which stated that there is correlation between students' reading habit and their writing is accepted. In conclusion, the result of hypothesis test between students' reading habit and writing ability in narrative text of the eleventh grade at SMK Bina Karya Kab. Tangerang shows a positive correlation. There is low correlation between students' reading habit and their writing ability in narrative text at SMK Bina Karya Kab. Tangerang with r-coef=0,213.Keywords: correlation study, narrative text, reading habit, writing ability


This article considers the interplay between Aboriginal people's remembrances about race relations in rural mid-twentieth-century Australia and the frames of remembrance provided by the American Civil rights movement. It takes as its focus two key Australian sites of racial segregation – country town cinemas and public swimming pools – to explore the ways in which since, and in no small part due to, the desegregationist politics of the 1960s they have become prominent sites of public memory. Drawing on three examples from a range of media – art, film and published memoirs – the article traces the ways in which different ways of narrating and remembering these 'twisted spaces' contributes to and makes possible alternative and at times unsettling interpretations of experiences and histories of relations between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people during what is commonly referred to as the 'assimilation era'.


Studies on the propagation of picosecond pulses in coupled microstrip line interconnections on silicon integrated circuit substrates are presented. The effects of conductor and dielectric losses in the transmission line on the distortion, delay and attenuation of picosecond pulses are studied in detail. A direct comparison is made with the propagation characteristics of interconnects using ordinary metals and high-temperature superconductors such as YBa2Cu3O7. The results generally show the advantages of using high-temperature superconductor tracks on low-loss integrated circuit substrates such as GaAs. However, even in this case, geometrical dispersion can cause distortion on the pulses and it is therefore an important factor to be considered.


Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling has become an increasingly popular approach impacting our understanding of disease mechanisms and helping predict patients' treatment responses to facilitate study design or development go/no-go decisions. In this paper, we highlight the notable contributions and opportunities that QSP approaches are to offer during the drug development process by sharing three examples that have facilitated internal decisions. The barriers to successful applications and the factors that facilitate the success of the modeling approach is discussed.


The application of engineering mechanical calculation in CAI had been a puzzle waiting for solution in domestic and abroad. This paper firstly describes some aspects of a new CAI system\|interactive computational CAI platform (ICCP), which includes the general view of system, difficulties in system exploitation and etc. Combined with exploiting experience it also discusses concretely the realization of mechanic computation of CAI system in fluid mechanics of civil engineering field. Considering the exploiting procedure and the outcome, we can say that the system structure supported by this paper is correct and the main purpose is well attained.


This study is focused on the analysis of a series of elements which might favor people's capacities to set objectives in areas in which they are personally invested in making right decisions. The capacity to set objectives is one of the main variables to assess management skills found in the academic literature. Our empirical findings reveal that even though the level of emotional intelligence and the frame of mind of participants have an important effect on this capacity, the activation of the neuronal circuits strongly linked to creativity and insightful problem solving, by means of some simple exercises based on recent discoveries in the neuroscience field, results in significant improvements in individuals' capacity to generate appropriate objectives.


In this paper, we present a framework to facilitate reputation-based service discovery, which has three key features. First, we use a peer-to peer overlay network as the decentralized service repository system for improved efficiency. Second, we propose an adaptive QoS-aware service discovery approach. Then, we present a service-oriented distributed reputation assessment algorithm based on user¿s feedback.


Flooding a soil and growing plant on it can change its biological and chemistry properties, in comparison with a non-flooded environment. An experiment was conducted in order to study the nutrients dynamics in the solution of two soils (Planossolo and Gleissolo) during the rice cycle. Rice plants were cultivated in 50L containers having devices to collect soil solution at several depths (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 31cm). In the soil solution, with and without plant, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn, were measured at 10, 19, 44, 77, and 113 days after the flooding. Potassium was especially sensible to the rice plant and depth of sampling


Measurements of auroral zone neutral winds at the mesospause obtained by the MST radar at Poker Flat, Alaska (65°N), in June and July of 1980–1982 have been spectrally analyzed for evidence of an effect of enhanced electrojet activity upon the wind spectrum. The horizontal component of the College magnetometer was used to indicate the level of geomagnetic activity. The high-frequency portion of the gravity wave regime (periods shorter than about 6 hours) appears quite constant with no apparent correlation with local electrojet activity. The average intensity of lower-frequency waves is quite variable from year to year. On a yearly basis, the data suggest alterations in the intensity of some low-frequency waves in conjunction with enhanced geomagnetic activity. However, zonal and meridional wind fluctuations did not vary with the level of geomagnetic activity in a consistent manner for all 3 years of data studied at any specific frequency. This may indicate a dependence of any relationship between the intensity of low-frequency neutral wind oscillations at the mesopause and geomagnetic activity on the average background state of the neutral wind spectrum for that period.


Cirrus clouds like all other clouds are important modulators of the Earth's radiative budget and cover up to 30% of the Earth's surface. For low (liquid) clouds, the albedo effect (i.e. cooling) is much larger than the greenhouse effect (i.e. warming), but for cirrus clouds, both effects are of comparable magnitude. The transition between net warming or cooling cirrus depends on microphysical properties such as the shape or size of ice crystals. It is currently believed that the warming effect dominates on a global scale. However, it is rather difficult to provide global estimates of the radiative effect of cirrus clouds because very little is known about their life cycle and potential formation regions. Therefore, the variaty of large scale models that are used for such estimations show uncertainties in the representation of high-cloud amounts. Generally, ice crystal formation at low temperatures (T < 235K) depends crucially on local dynamics. These dynamical processes act on various scales and influence the efficiency of cirrus cloud formation substantially. Until now, cloud resolving studies usually used the stratified (large scale) flow evaluated in almost steady state conditions, i.e. after a long time until a quasi-equilibrium has been reached. However, atmospheric flow conditions often change with time. Thus, in order to treat the multiscale aspect of cirrus formation properly, also time dependent large scale dynamics must be taken into account. For this purpose transient environmental or ambient fields have been implemented into the non-hydrostatic, anelastic model EULAG in order to control large scale dynamics and to investigate the impact on smaller scales in detail. The model includes a bulk ice microphysics scheme and a fast two-stream radiative transfer code. In the first part, the influence of radiative cooling and small eddies on cirrus formation was investigated. Using idealized profiles with high ice supersaturations of up to 144% and weakly stable stratifications with Brunt-Vaisala frequencies down to 0.0018s−1 within a supersaturated layer, the influence of radiation on the formation of cirrus clouds is quite large. Due to the radiative cooling at the top of the ice supersaturated layer with cooling rates down to −3.5K/d, the stability inside the ice supersaturated layer decreases with time. During destabilization, small eddies induced by Gaussian temperature fluctuations start to grow and trigger first nucleation. These first nucleation events then induce the growth


Modeling of settlement development is a challenging task due to unavailability of historical datasets in vector format. Especially for older periods, only textual descriptions and no digital or analogue spatial datasets are available. For such historic periods, the modeling is difficult to be performed on a national scale due to the lack of automated procedures. Even for periods where historical maps are available, settlement development modeling is very time-consuming. A reason therefore is that paper deformation leads to inaccuracy of historic maps and the resulting problem of linking entities between different datasets and periods. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed. Based on vector datasets containing information, such as the construction age of current buildings, the historic settlement development is reconstructed. The increased availability of such vector datasets, including cadastral data, enables automated and 'cartographically correct' depiction of settlement development on a national scale.


QUIC is marketed to hold many advantages over TCP. However, preliminary experimentation has shown that simply running contemporary HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) implementations over QUIC does not improve but actually hurts streaming performance compared to a traditional TCP deployment. We argue that this behavior can be attributed to the amount of TCP specialization that HAS Adaptive BitRate (ABR) algorithms have received over the years. In contrast to TCP (which can be regarded as a "black box"), QUIC actually encompasses all the necessary tools to empower streaming performance optimization (e.g., definition of custom congestion control algorithms, access to transport-layer metrics in the application layer). This however comes at the expense of added complexity which in turn could lead to misinterpretations of the root causes of suboptimal streaming performance. To facilitate research on HTTP adaptive bitrate streaming over QUIC, in this paper we propose a solution towards jointly visualizing transport- and application-layer metrics to allow for a better understanding of HAS streaming performance over various types of transport protocols (i.e., TCP versus QUIC). We see the work presented in this paper as an important stepping stone towards cross-layer optimization of HAS ABR performance to achieve a better overall Quality of Experience (QoE) for streaming users.


In the paper by Schwarzenbach & Flack [J. Appl. Cryst. (1989). 22, 601–605], the equation describing the transformation properties of the crystal-based azimuthal angle ψ is incorrect. The correct formula is derived.


1 College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China. 2 College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P.R.China * E-mail:email@example.com; email@example.com


Background Traditional Chinese medicine stagnation ("yu") syndrome is characterized by a cluster of mind/body obstruction-like symptoms. Previous studies have operationalized the concept as a psychological construct through scale development, producing a three-factor 16-item inventory with good psychometric properties. Purpose The study aimed to further validate the Stagnation Scale by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examine self-appraisal of stagnation as an illness. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on a random community sample of 755 adults recruited by cluster sampling in Hong Kong. Results CFA revealed a good fit of the three-factor model (CFI=.95; RMSEA=.077; SRMR=.043). ROC analysis suggested a cutoff score at 50 on stagnation total score for predicting self-appraisal of an illness condition, with false positive and negative rates at 25.8% and 23.3%, respectively. Overall, 6.2% participants self-appraised to suffer stagnation symptoms to a degree of an illness, and for it, 1.9% participants intended to seek treatment. Stagnation showed positive correlations with physical distress, depression, and anxiety (r=.59–.76, p<.01) and negative correlation with age (r=−.22, p<.01). Conclusion The Stagnation Scale appeared to be robust in factorial and construct validity. With prevalence of illness by self-appraisal at 6.2% and intention for treatment at 1.9%, stagnation is a fairly common condition associated with treatment-seeking behaviors.


Objective To investigate the infection of the human herpesivirus-8(HHV-8) in serum of Xinjiang classic Kaposi sarcoma(KS) and explore the role of HHV-8 in the pathogenesis of KS.Methods There were 29 patients and 68 controls have been detected.HHV-8 DNA was detected by nested Polymerase chain reaction.Results HHV-8 DNA was found in 25(86.2%) of 29 KS and 14(20.0%) of 68 controls.The difference was significant(P0.001).Conclusion This study suggests that HHV-8 may play an impotent role in the pathogenesis of KS but may be not the whole.


The present invention is, C in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst in the gas phase THF / water from the step b) - mixture was separated in a distillation apparatus in which consists of three towers and the water in the distillation apparatus is taken out from the bottom of the first column, the second column the water-containing THF returned from the first column, the measurement flow of the first column is introduced into the second column, the bottom product of the third column and returned to the first column, the top of the first column in taken out distillates, in which a side discharge of the second column is introduced into a third column, to obtain pure THF as an overhead product of the third column, d) step b) from GBL to obtain GBL by distillation from the bottom product containing a and e) thus obtained GBL is solved by a method which is characterized in that the pyrrolidone corresponding reacted with ammonia or an amine.


BACKGROUND
By means of duplex sonography, gastric emptying can be related to antral motor activity. The aim of this study was to examine gastric emptying in relation to antral contractions during and immediately after ingestion of a liquid meal in healthy subjects and to study the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) on this early phase of gastric emptying.

METHODS
Ten healthy, non-smoking men (median age, 36 years; range, 29-41 years) were studied twice on separate days, once without drug administration and once after taking a 0.5-mg sublingual GTN tablet 3 min before ingesting 500 ml of a meat soup (20 kcal; Toro). The subjects were investigated during 3 min of fasting, during 3 min of drinking the soup, and during the first 10 min postprandially.

RESULTS
Transpyloric forward flow commenced on average 80 sec and 95 sec after the start of drinking the soup without and with GTN, respectively (P = NS). Non-contractile, pulsatile transpyloric flow (that is, pendulating, transpyloric flow not associated with antral contractions) occurred during episodes of concurrent relaxation of the terminal antrum, the pylorus, and the duodenal bulb. This type of flow occurred mainly just before the start of contractile, pulsatile transpyloric flow (associated with propulsive antral contractions). Initial non-contractile, pulsatile transpyloric flow before commencement of contractile, pulsatile transpyloric flow lasted longer with GTN (188 sec) than without GTN (25 sec) (P < 0.05). Consequently, contractile, pulsatile transpyloric flow commenced later with GTN (302 sec) than without (102 sec) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Non-contractile transpyloric flow seems to be a physiologic phenomenon during the early phase of gastric emptying. GTN prolongs the initial phase of non-contractile, and delays the onset of contractile, pulsatile transpyloric flow.


Objective To analyze the curative effect of ultrasonic intervention in gynecological cyst with acupuncture,alcohol irritation.Methods 78 ovary cysts with 82 cavity were performed such methods.Results 82 cysts were punctured successfully one time with curative rate of 100% after 1~3 months follow-up.Conclusion This method might be easy performance,safe,high curative rate and without adhesion affection.It might have same effect with operation.


When the error vector is related, the estimator β may not fully use the information of the parameter. How to use the information to improve the β is a problem. Revankar [6] and Srivastava and Giles [7] have discussed this problem. Wang [8] uses the covariance-improve method to estimate the parameter in two seemingly unrelated regressions. With the prior information, Wang [8] proposes the covarianceimprove estimator of β 1 and β 2 :


One hundred and fifty fish caught from Keban Dam Lake were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay using a random primer was performed to detect genetic variations among L. monocytogenes isolates. The selective enrichment procedure followed by selective isolation was used for listeria isolation from fish intestines. Ten (6.6%) L. monocytogenes were isolated and identified from fish intestines. Two different band profiles were obtained by the RAPD analysis of the isolates. The results indicated that the isolates might have originated from different sources, and fish contaminated with L. monocytogenes may cause serious health problems in humans.


The rough set theory is a new mathematical tool to study vague and uncertain information, and is widely used in intelligent systems. In this paper, the basic ideas of rough set theory are introduced,and the notion of up and low approximation sets, attribute reduction, core and some extensions of rough set theory are also presented. Then the application of rough set theory in intelligent systems is explored, mainly including data preprocessing method by using attribute reduction based on rough set theory, analysis of correlations between attributes and system, modeling and control. Finally, the difficulties and possible fields for the application of rough set theory are discussed.


Study the partial enlarged images to improve the clarity.The magnification of the image has been the key content in,research of image processing.The paper put forward a combined image magnification algorithm based on B-spline interpolation and level set reconstruct algorithm.Firstly,B-spline function was used for image interpolation algorithm,and the guidance effect of enhanced image frequency signals on level set segmentation was used for referenc.Then,the internal and external energy of driving level set evolution and the constraint energ of curve length were optimized.Based on the level set algorithm,the image was smoothed and the image horizontal curves were reconstructed while maintaining the image fidelity.Finally,the Bayesian restoration techniques was used to repair the magnified image.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively overcome the traditional shortcomings of image magnification algorithm,and has higher image magnification clarity,good interpolation effect and shorter processing time.


This article argues that international organizations 'as such' can contribute directly to the creation of customary international law for three independent reasons. First, the states establishing an international organization may subjectively intend for that organization to be able to contribute to the creation of at least some kinds of customary international law. Second, that capacity may be an implied power of the organization. Third, that capacity may be a byproduct of other features or authorities of the international organization – specifically, the combination of international legal personality and the capacity to operate on the international plane. Affirming international organizations' direct role in making customary international law will not dramatically change the content of customary international law or the processes by which rules of customary international law are ascertained. But recognizing that role is significant because it will reinforce other conclusions about how international organizations fit into the international legal system, including that customary international law binds international organizations. Such recognition may also shift the way lawyers within international organizations carry out their work by affecting the sources they consult when answering legal questions, the materials they make publicly available and the kinds of expertise that are understood to be necessary to discharge their responsibilities. Finally, affirming international organizations' role in creating customary international law may make international organizations more willing to comply with those rules.


Acknowledgements Quote Introduction i ii iii 1 Chapter 1: Anthropology in the Digital Age 4 Chapter 2: Fanfiction Then and Now 17 Chapter 3: An Ethnographic Survey 33 Chapter 4: Fantasies of Sex, Fantasies of Violence, Fantasies of Power 55 Conclusion 68 List of Figures 69 List of Appendices 70 Appendix A: A Glossary of Terms 71 Appendix B: IRB Approval 72 Appendix C: Survey Questions 73 References 80


Purpose
The purpose of the study is to investigate the use of social media platforms in teaching/learning in the period of lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a survey method and an online questionnaire was designed using SurveyMonkey for data collection from students in the Department of Library and Information Science (LIS) in some universities in Nigeria. In total, 1,290 students and five lecturers participated in the survey from five universities in Nigeria. To supplement the data from the questionnaire, the five LIS lecturers were engaged in an interview.

Findings
The study found that Zoom and WhatsApp were used by the lecturers to deliver lectures to their students. Lecturers are always available, the opportunity to store lectures and files for re-use at convenience, allows for collaborative learning, sharing learning materials, freedom in asking lecturer questions and conducive learning at home were mentioned as some of the benefits of receiving an online lecture. Some challenges associated with electronic teaching and learning were also identified. The LIS lecturers interviewed mentioned some benefits and challenges of engaging in electronic teaching during the period of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.

Practical implications
The research offered educators an additional method for teaching and learning in situations where physical contacts are not possible. Because electronic learning platforms are free and can be used at liberty, they require self-discipline and more responsibility from students and lecturers, which might be a challenge. It requires lecturers to generate new skills, be cognitively sensitive and well-sequenced.

Social implications
Teacher/students relationship can be improved significantly with the use of social media platforms for teaching and learning.

Originality/value
The study reported the use of social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Zoom in the teaching/learning process in the university system in a developing country context.


1 The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of adrenoceptor which modulates constriction of the guinea‐pig isolated main bronchus in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS). Drugs used were salbutamol and two agonists reportedly selective for the putative β3‐adrenoceptor: BRL 37344 and SR 58611A. 2 At basal tone, all three drugs induced relaxation, however, SR 58611A and BRL 37344 (10−9 to 10−6 m) relaxed guinea‐pig isolated main bronchus more weakly than salbutamol (10−9 to 10−6 m). The effects observed at 10−6 m were 43% ± 9%, 63% ± 4% and 98% ± 1% of the maximal effect induced by theophylline (3 × 10−3 m) for SR 58611A, BRL 37344 and salbutamol, respectively. 3 SR 58611A and BRL 37344 (10−8 to 10−6 m) did not significantly modify the cholinergic component of the response to EFS, but caused a concentration‐dependent reduction of the nonadrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) excitatory component (41.8% ± 10.1% and 56.8% ± 7.4% respectively at 10−6 m, n = 6–7). Salbutamol (10−9 to 10−7 m) strongly inhibited both components, with 91.1% ± 4.2% of inhibition for the NANC contraction and 62.0% ± 5.2% of inhibition for the cholinergic contraction (10−7 m, n = 7). 4 Whereas the inhibitory effects of salbutamol were strongly inhibited by both propranolol (10−6 m) and ICI 118,551 (10−6 m), those of BRL 37344 were only slightly, albeit significantly reduced by both propranolol and ICI 118,551, and those of SR 58611A were unaffected by treatment with either β‐adrenoceptor antagonist. An α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, did not influence the inhibitory effects of any of the β‐adrenoceptor agonists tested. 5 Concentration‐response curves to acetylcholine (10−8 to 10−3 m), [Nle10]NKA(4–10) (10−10 to 10−6 m) and substance P (10−10 to 3 × 10−6 m) were also significantly shifted to the right by salbutamol (10−6 m), whereas SR 58611A and BRL 37344 (10−6 m) had no effect. 6 These results suggest that the stimulation of putative β3‐adrenoceptors exerts a specific prejunctional inhibitory action on NANC excitatory response induced by EFS of the isolated main bronchus of the guinea‐pig. They also suggest that a β2‐adrenoceptor agonistic component may be involved in the effects of BRL 37344.


Heavy metal content is low in the sludge of small and medium-sized wastewater treatment plant and the output is small.This paper explores a composting process with high efficiency and low energy consumption by taking full advantage of the local rich peanut shell waste resources to mix sludge and employ thermophilic aerobic composting technology.The composting finished products comply with the parameters of the municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge disposal landscaping with muddy GB / T 23486-2009 which is applicable to the landscaping in neutral and alkaline soils.


A conceptual semi-submersible platform at the water depth of 100 m is proposed to support the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 10 MW wind turbine and four types of mooring systems are designed to constrain the motions of this newly designed semi-submersible platform. The fully coupled time domain simulation is conducted using aero-hydro-servo-elastic OpenFAST code and the dynamic responses of the floating wind turbine concept are studied based on different mooring system designs. This innovative concept meets reasonable natural period requirements and achieves great stability under design environmental conditions. Furthermore, the difference of the four types of mooring systems on the motion responses and structural dynamics of the 10 MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is investigated and compared, and the optimal mooring system design is suggested.


The article regards the regime of nuclear non-proliferation and arms control as a complex environment of the Euro-Atlantic security system, its supersystem and the international field of interaction with other actors. The article reviews the fundamental role of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) as a system-forming treaty and the influence of modern international dynamics on the shaking of the basics of arms control. Particular attention is paid to cause-and-effect relationships in the processes that take place in the two systems and how they are reflected in each other.
Speaking of the non-proliferation system the emphasis is made on the role of NATO and US. Related controversial questions are also addressed. Article mentions the contribution of the West to achieve a nuclear-free world and its constraints at the current stage. It is noted that at present the nuclear arms race is manifested not in quantitative but in qualitative terms in the context of large-scale modernization projects of nuclear states.
On the other hand, the destructive impact of the US withdrawal from a number of international treaties, such as the Medium-Range and Short-Range Missile Treaty and others that President Trump described as ineffective in line with his largely bilateral policy, in contrast to Obama's multilateral diplomacy, is also highlighted. A similar fate befell the Open Skies Treaty and can still befall the New START despite the election of J. Biden as the new president.
In general, it is concluded that there is a close link between the non-proliferation regime and Euro-Atlantic security, the two-way impact of decisions and developments in a given system. It is underlined that maintaining the system of non-proliferation and arms control is in the interests of all international actors in order to preserve strategic stability and predictability of the international situation.


Two years ago a girl eleven years of age, apparently in ex cellent health was brought to me by her parents, with the state ment that they had recently discovered her left eye to be quite blind. She had been sent to the family physician, a homoeo path, on account of a slight conjunctivitis, and, as the result of the consultation, had returned with this startling announcement. She denied even the perception of light in that eye. Never having met with a similar case, I failed to detect, or even suspect, the deception, but as a careful ophthalmoscopic examination revealed no lesion or imperfection of the organ, I assured the girl's parents that there was no present disease there, and no indication for treatment. The other eye was found to be perfect in all respects, and I advised them to return her to school and pay no attention to the blind eye while the sight of the other remained unimpaired. A few weeks since, she was again brought to my office com plaining that the other eye was failing, the left still continuing stone blind. She said that the print looked blurred when she attempted to read, and her parents had noticed that she held the book nearer to the eye than usual. She admitted a vision of = 7 and with a— 7 glass acknowl


New sulfur—carbon nanocomposites are prepared by confining sulfur in double-shelled hollow carbon spheres, which are obtained from SnO2 hollow spheres dispersed in aqueous glucose solution (autoclave, 180 °C, 4 h).


During the 1990s most transition economies undertook a series of market reforms, including opening their capital accounts. This paper uses static and dynamic panel techniques to assess the effect of FDI, foreign loans and portfolio flows on domestic investment. In this partial adjustment setup, capital flows can have contemporaneous and long-term effects on investment. For countries with less developed financial markets and weaker institutions, our estimates for the FDI coefficient are larger than one, suggesting FDI stimulates investment in other sectors of the economy ("spillover" effects). Over the longer term, each dollar of FDI generates at least one additional dollar of local investment. In transition countries with stronger governance indicators, long-term loans raise domestic investment and FDI produces small spillover effects in the long run. Limited portfolio flows into the transition economies have no effect on capital formation in either group. JEL Classification: F21, F30, P33


Single 9 x 11.5 inch letterhead. Typed. Inscribed. Envelope: 6.5 x 7 inch. Printed recto and verso. Brochure: 11.5 x 9 inch. Printed recto and verso.


The Optimization problem is to select the best of many possible design alternatives in a complex design space. Genetic Algorithms, one of numerous techniques to search optimal solution, have been successfully applied to various problem(for example, parameter tuning in expert system, structural systems with a mix of continuous integer and discrete design variables) that could not have been readily solved with more conventional computational techniques, But, Conventional Genetic Algorithms are ill defined for two classes of problems ie, parameter convergence and penalty function. Therefore, this paper developed Revised Algorithms to solve these problems, As a case study, sin function example and design of gear train are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of The two Revised Genetic Algorithms(R. G. A & H. G. A.) and one of the Revised Genetic Algorithms was more effectiveness. That's H. G. A. It has robustness and problem-independent characteristics. In the reproduction step of the H. G. A. the roulette wheel method is replaced the random search and the creeping value method is modified to improve local optimum solutions in the mutation step. The encoding and decoding procedures are replaced with the real number representation method in the H. G. A.


The article substantiates the necessity to research the axiological problems of legal psychology and shows the results of a theoretical study of the value-related aspect of legal psychology. These results advocate the idea of using a systemic approach in values analysis. It is maintained that in order to resolve the axiological problems of legal psychology by way of systematization of its values what's needed is a return to the philosophical foundations of cognition, ontology, dialectics, logic, the material basis of psyche. At the same time, it is believed that not every systemic approach can cope with value systematization in legal psychology. As a doctrinal alternative, philosophy and psychology develop and offer an ontological system of ethical categories to be the cornerstone of natural and positive law. This system relies on the ontological criteria and is a matrix (grid) of fundamental knowledge at the categorial level. The ontological matrix of axiological categories of ethics (the foundations of law) must manifest itself in psychological concepts and must represent value orientations for legal psychology, making it possible for one to develop within the framework of scientific cognition, without losing touch with the fundamentals of law and ethics.


Using the revised questionnaire of ethnic identity,the research investigated 613 Miao junior middle school students.The results showed that(1)Miao junior middle school students get higher scores in both Chinese national identity and their original identity,the scores of Chinese national identity is relatively higher than their original identity;(2)there were significant differences in behavior dimension of Chinese national identity as well as cognition,emotion and general identity of Miao identity,the scores of girls being higher than that of boys;(3)not only parents' ethnic types but also educational level had significant influence on ethnic identity of Miao junior middle school students;(4)there exists significant positive correlation between Chinese national identity and original ethnic identity.


The analysis of clinical and biochemistry blood test parameters was conducted. It was revealed that metabolic disorders with predomination of catabolic reactions are typical for the law enforcement servicemen who took part in military actions. So, the blood serum glucose value in the patient group is higher than in the control one. Military men with psychosomatic disorders are characterized by the decrease of cholesterol and triglycerides. The obtained data are supported by the results of the model analysis of posttraumatic stress disorders in animals.


Whole-atom differential coherent scattering cross sections were measured for 59.5-keV {gamma} rays scattered at 90{degree} by Cu, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Ta, W, Pb, Th, and U employing a reflection-geometry setup and an effective graded shielding arrangement. A 2-cm{sup 3} hyperpure Ge detector was used for detecting coherently scattered {gamma} rays. The measured cross sections are compared with the theoretical values based on the numerical partial-wave calculations for the available cases. Form factors corresponding to 3.395-A {sup {minus}1} photon-momentum transfer were extracted from the measured cross sections. The results were compared with the different formalisms of form-factor theory and their relative appropriateness is discussed.


strated the truth of Louis D. Brandeis' maxim, "resistance to evolution invites revolution." The Constitution of the United States was used as a "fiery sword of freedom" to rid the state of an archaic political structure and to introduce a new era in politics. Readers of this journal are familiar with the county unit system of election under which the governor and other state officers of Georgia were elected under the old regime.? Stated briefly, it was a "winner take all" system applied to county votes, similar to the system used in the electoral college for state votes in electing the President of the United States. The system itself had some merits, debatable at least; but failure to modify it to give added voting strength to metropolitan areas as they grew up caused the system to become ridiculous. For example, Fulton County where Atlanta is located had 14.11 per cent of Georgia's population in 1960, but it had only 1.46 per cent of the county unit votes; whereas Echols County with .05 per cent of the state's population had .48 per cent of the total unit votes. An effort to modify the county unit system, sponsored vigorously for three decades, failed to produce tangible results. The system rested on custom and the Neill Primary Act of 1917. As a safeguard against any modification, in 1950 the General Assembly, dominated by rural areas, proposed an amendment to the constitution which would have written the unit system in its archaic form into the state's fundamental law. The amendment was defeated by a popular vote of 164,377 to 134,290. A similar constitutional amendment passed the General Assembly in 1952. It was defeated by a popular vote of 309,170 to 278,882. Both of the proposed amendments would have passed had their ratification depended on a county unit vote. Advocates of abolishing or modifying the county unit system were happy to see the proposals to write the system into the constitution defeated, but this victory was an empty one for the moment. All candidates for governor continued to be avowed supporters of the unit system, and the most moderate proposals for revision went unheeded by the political leaders. Efforts to secure relief through the federal courts had not been lacking. The leader in this regard was Dr. Cullen B. Gosnell, professor of political science at Emory University. In 1946 a petition was filed to enjoin use of the county unit system in determining the Democratic nominee for Congress in the Fifth Congressional District which includes Fulton, DeKalb, and Rockdale counties. Under the unit system, Fulton and DeKalb counties each had six unit votes, and Rockdale, next to the smallest of Georgia's 159 counties, had two unit votes. Rockdale's vote usually controlled the election, as it did in 1946, although the candidate "carrying" Fulton


With the growing density of electrical and electronic systems onboard contemporary naval platforms, electromagnetic interference and compatibility aspects have acquired matters of great significance. A large number of equipment, emitting signals over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, have to co-exist with sensitive surveillance systems covering the very same spectrum onboard a warship with limited real estate area. Further, in the process of continuous upgrading and modernisation of a warship required to keep abreast with emerging technologies, state of the art equipment are installed from time to time to augment/retrofit existing systems in the already dense EM environment onboard. This paper discusses the salient aspects of the evaluation process adopted for induction evaluation of new electrical/electronic equipment from the EMI/EMC point of view. A case study for evaluation of a new generation high power HF (1.5-30 MHz) transmitter has been illustrated to highlight the various inter-linked aspects in the evaluation process.


Lipomas are usual tumors on subcutaneous tissue and present slow and benign development, occurring even in deep tissues, as muscles, abdominal and thoracic o...


Background/Aims: Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease and causes major pain and disability in adults. It has been reported that mitochondrial dysfunction in chondrocytes was associated with osteoarthritis. Puerarin has multiple effects including restoring mitochondrial function. In this study, the potential effects of puerarin on osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis associated mitochondrial dysfunctions were evaluated. Methods: Osteoarthritis rats were treated with puerarin and the severity of osteoarthritis and cartilage damages was evaluated. The mitochondrial biogenesis and functions were analyzed by measuring related proteins expression, mitochondrial DNA content, ATP production, and oxygen consumption. The dependence of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway on puerarin-regulated mitochondrial function was analyzed by applying AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Results: Puerarin treatment alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia and cartilage damage in osteoarthritis rats. Puerarin increased mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunctions in osteoarthritis rats. AMPK inhibitor Compound C abolished puerarin's effects. Conclusion: Puerarin attenuates osteoarthritis by upregulating the AMPK/proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator signaling pathway in osteoarthritis rats.


There are the particles transport in the living cells because of the molecular motor and the particles initiative movement.In the first approximation,the velocity distribution function,which the particles initiative movementbecause of the molecularmotorin the living cells is derived by Boltz- mann equation and relaxation approximate method.The theoretical resultisin accord with the experi- mental result.The law of the particles transportin the living cells is derived.


Local Community groups and Biodiversity Conservation In and Around Entoto Natural Park Yishak Bayu Addis Ababa University, 2013 ii Many protected areas for conservation of biodiversity have diversified objectives that may involve various practitioners. There are also different management systems ranging from sole and exclusive authoritarian approach to the more inclusive ones. All in all, local and indigenous people in and around protected areas are usually seen to be neglected from participation and benefits associated with the natural resource being conserved at hand. Numbers of management systems for protected areas were found to exclude the local community from important decisions that can affect their social and economic lives. Indigenous people living in and around conservation sites as ENP haven't been consulted by the park management organ about the program and its objectives. For these reasons, the local community groups have a very limited awareness and a sense of disgust towards the management body and the conservation effort in general. Generally, the type of conservation management system that fails to integrate local peoples' indigenous knowledge and skills into its approach most usually fails on its ultimate objectives too. Consequently, local people may respond in aggression and conflicts may arise putting the conservation endeavor under a huge risk. Thus, th is study aims to propose recommendations by assessing the kind of relationship the local community and the management body of ENP has. In doing so, primary data were gathered from a sample of 107 respondents from two villages that are found inside the park's inner territory. Successive interviews and serious inspection were also used to support the validity of the data gathered through the questionnaires. The data was finally analysized by using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Accordingly, frequency and percentage distribution, cross-tabulation and correlations were used to see the distribution and relationships of variables. Moreover, a Ch i-Squa re test was also applied to see sign ificance in relationships between the variables and the perception of community groups at the study area. According to the Chi-Square tests, respondents' sex and their level of awareness on the conservation program has a significant influence in affecting their perceptions and ra ise conflicts. Further over, respondents who feel more secured on their land have a better confidence level to claim in an outright manner. A Chi-Square test also shows a positive significant relationship between members of the organization and their acceptan ce to the conservation project as they are assumed to have a better acquaintance about project. Taking the results of the study in consideration, recommendations for different organs are finally proposed for an effective and sustainable conservation effort.


The development of novelty standard of granting patent right from the "mixed novelty" standard to "absolute novelty" standard is an important part of the third revision of the Patent Law. This development has aroused wide attention and heated debate. Firstly,the differences between absolute novelty standard and other novelty standards could be discovered through the analysis of the concept of absolute novelty standard. Secondly,from analyzing the specific conditions of our country,the patent application status and the development situation of industry,it is found that the implement of absolute novelty standard in the patent Law lines with national conditions,promotes innovation and protects national industrial development. Finally,there is a suggestion on the countermeasure-solution of the implementation of the absolute novelty standard:create a favorable legal environment,pay more attention to patent work and the training of new personnel in intellectual property and create an effective mechanism for technology application.


A conceptual study is made to explore the feasibility of applying magnetized target fusion (MTF) to space propulsion for omniplanetary travel. Plasma-jet driven MTF not only is highly amenable to space propulsion, but also has a number of very attractive features for this application: 1) The pulsed fusion scheme provides in situ a very dense hydrogenous liner capable of moderating the neutrons, converting more than 97% of the neutron energy into charged particle energy of the fusion plasma available for propulsion. 2) The fusion yield per pulse can be maintained at an attractively low level (< 1 GJ) despite a respectable gain in excess of 70. A compact, low-weight engine is the result. An engine with a jet power of 25 GW, a thrust of 66 kN, and a specific impulse of 77,000 s, can be achieved with an overall engine mass of about 41 metric tons, with a specific power density of 605 kW/kg, and a specific thrust density of 1.6 N/kg. The engine is rep-rated at 40 Hz to provide this power and thrust level. At a practical rep-rate limit of 200 Hz, the engine can deliver 128 GW jet power and 340 kN of thrust, at specific power and thrust density of 1,141 kW/kg and 3 N/kg respectively. 3) It is possible to operate the magnetic nozzle as a magnetic flux compression generator in this scheme, while attaining a high nozzle efficiency of 80% in converting the spherically radial momentum of the fusion plasma to an axial impulse. 4) A small fraction of the electrical energy generated from the flux compression is used directly to recharge the capacitor bank and other energy storage equipment, without the use of a highvoltage DC power supply. A separate electrical generator is not necessary. 5) Due to the simplicity of the electrical circuit and the components, involving mainly inductors, capacitors, and plasma guns, which are connected directly to each other without any intermediate equipment, a high rep-rate (with a maximum of 200 Hz) appears practicable. 6) All fusion related components are within the current state of the art for pulsed power technology. Experimental facilities with the required pulsed power capabilities already exist. 7) The scheme does not require prefabricated fuel target and liner hardware in any esoteric form or state. All necessary fuel and liner material are introduced into the engine in the form of ordinary matter in gaseous state at room temperature, greatly simplifying their handling on board. They are delivered into the fusion reaction chamber in a completely standoff manner.


Discussion of how to develop a modern tax system is important for the Chinese government with China's urbanization and economic development and with the enlarged income gap among its population. This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of China's tax system by applying the criteria that scholars use in judging revenue sources. The existing Chinese tax system is regressive, complex, and lacks revenue adequacy. To correct its weaknesses, several tax reform recommendations are made. This includes broadening individual income tax among top income individuals and expanding the circle gradually, expanding consumption tax, and eliminating unnecessary preferential tax treatments in all taxes.


This article contains scientific information about the role of the sheikh and the workers in the Middle Ages, associated with the mysticism of Mawlanunnahr, and about the distribution of the Foundation's assets to those who serve in the Middle Ages.


S-1358 was rapidly absorbed, metabolized and readily excreted via urine and feces from orally dosed rats. Excretion of radioactivity was almost complete within 4 days. The radioactivity was distributed mainly in stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys. It seems that S-1358 and its metabolites do not persist in organs and tissues following a single oral dosing. Major urinary metabolites of the benzyl-labeled S-1358 were p-(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)benzyl methyl sulfide [B], p-(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)benzyl methyl sulfone [A], p-(1-methyl-l-carboxylethyl)benzyl methyl sulfide [D], p-(1-methyl-l-carboxylethyl)benzyl methyl sulfone [C) and their glucuronide conjugates. Fecal metabolites were S-n-butyl S•L-(1, 1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)benzyl N-3-pyridyldithiocarbonimidate [MR], A, B, C and D. These metabolites were also found in the bile. The pyridine-labeled S-1358 gave rise to 2(3•L-pyridylimino)-4-carboxylthiazolidine [HM] and 3-aminopyridine [AP] in the urine, and MR and AP in the feces. Intact S-1358 was a major component of the fecal radioactivity.


This paper establishes the responsibility obstetrics Specialtyart in light of Article 90 of the Constitution, as a result of malpractice in the medical profession and the legal and jurisprudential deployment of the imposition of the burden of proof, "Onus Probandi" the Colombian state has developed to protect the right to life and human integrity, which can be affected when it is compared to the absence of responsibility and care that should be the doctor and hospital entities


Environmentally triggered shape reconfiguration is ubiquitous in biological systems and a key parameter in developing "intelligent" materials capable of various function-oriented adaptations. While significant progress has been made in developing shape memory in "bulk" macroscale polymer materials, only a few examples of shape adaptability can be found in polymeric micro- and nanoparticles. In biotechnology and nanomedicine, though, morphological and shape adaptations of drug carriers offer unique opportunities in controlling shape-guided interactions with cells, vascular dynamics, transport across biobarriers, and recognition functions. Yet, unlike extensive studies on other physicochemical aspects of stimuli-responsive particle behavior, such as size, composition, surface morphology, permeability, swelling, and rigidity, the phenomenon of shape alteration in macro- and nanosized particulates has rarely been explored. This Perspective highlights recent developments in the field of polymer particulates su...


This paper will describe how to integrate the air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger model and Artificial Intelligence (AI) using a PROLOG knowledge base. Applicable portions of the heat pump computer model and required modifications will be discussed. An overview of PROLOG will be presented along with an example of knowledge capture


Most charities & activist orgs seemingly don't have even a basic info/opsec understanding. In a post Snowden world, this is not ok.


—Refinement-based verification is a formal verification method, it is considered as a very scalable approach for dealing with low-level artifacts such as real-time object code verification. Two main obstacles prevent implementing the refinement-based verification; firstly, it requires formal specification in transition system form while most specifications are of informal or semi-formal form. To solve this issue, we already proposed synthesising procedures to transform both functional and timing requirements from natural language form into formal specifications, our approach was successfully applied on insulin pump safety requirements. Secondly, the verification process requires a con- struction of refinement map, which is a function maps implementation states (the artifact to be verified) onto specification states. Actually, constructing refinement maps often requires deep understanding and intuitions about the specification and implementation, it is shown very difficult to construct refinement maps manually. To go over this obstacle, the construction of refinement maps should be automated. As a first step toward the automation process, we manually developed refinement maps for various safety properties concerning the software control operation of insulin pumps. In addition, we identified possible generic templates for construction of refinement maps. To com-plement our previous work, this paper is built on refinement maps and refinement maps templates proposed previously to automate the construction of refinement maps. Synthesising procedures of refinement maps for functional and timing specifications are proposed. In addition, this paper shows more results of formal specifications and their suggested refinement map functions for timing requirements. Our work uses safety requirements of generic infusion pump model as heuristic data.


This report documents the first year of a two-year research project to develop potential measures that might be used to assess the performance of traffic signal timing at isolated intersections. This report summarizes the findings of a series of interviews conducted to determine what measures the Texas Department of Transportation is currently using to assess the performance of their traffic signals and how data for these performance measures are collected. It also contains the results of an examination of existing controller and detection technologies to determine what capabilities they have to produce performance measures. The report presents several proposed measures that can be used to assess the performance of signal timing and the procedures for computing these performance measures using existing detection technologies.


Pictured are, from left back row, Roland Chamberlain, George Humphreville, McIver (Boy) Streetman, Si Simons, Ivan Rader, Carl Hamilton, Carlton, the Lee twins and Bill Gross. The front row includes H.V. (Bud) Baker, Mrs. Ray Davis, Mrs. H. Burghard, C.E. Wademan, Hervey Burghard, Mike Mellinger, Ray Davis, Frank Zumwalt, and Paul and Jo Richmond.


Values of dielectric constants were measured with mixtures of two organic-compound liquids. Sixty-seven combinations of two out of thirty different organic-compound liquids whose dielectric constants were ranging from about 2 to 40 were subjected to the measurement. Results of the measurement show that the dependence of the dielectric constant of the mixture liquid on its volume percent of the component liquid can be divided into six groups that can be expressed by six known theoretical relations. This will provide a guide for selecting appropriate combinations that have an acceptable linearity from application point of view over the entire range of the volume percent of composition. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant ranging 5 to 10 at the room temperature was measured with thirty-one mixture liquids. The results are presented in a chart. This chart can be conveniently used in selecting an appropriate mixture liquid when the values of the dielectric constant and its temperature coefficient are specified. It is intended that the data presented in this paper will provide useful information for the liquid-immersion method of measuring the dielectric constant of powder and grain materials.


BACKGROUND
 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often a precursor of dementia, and MCI patients develop dementia at a higher rate than healthy older adults. Early detection of cognitive decline at the MCI stage supports better planning of care and interventions. At present, the use of virtual reality (VR) in screening for MCI in older adults is promising, but there is little evidence on the use of virtual supermarkets to screen for MCI.

 OBJECTIVE
 The objectives were to validate a VR game-based test, namely, the Virtual Supermarket Program (VSP), for differentiating MCI patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to identify cutoff scores for different age levels.

 METHODS
 Subjects were recruited from several nursing homes and communities in Changchun, China. They were divided into an HC group (N = 64) and an MCI group (N = 62). All subjects were administered the VSP and a series of neuropsychological examinations. The study determined the optimal cutoff, discriminating validity, concurrent validity and retest reliability of the VSP. We used the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic to evaluate the discriminating validity and obtain the optimal cutoff values. Pearson correlation analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the concurrent validity and retest reliability, respectively.

 RESULTS
 A cutoff score of 46.4 was optimal for the entire sample, yielding a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 79.0% for differentiating those with MCI and HCs, and the AUC was 0.870 (95% CI = 0.799~0.924). The median index of VSP score was 51.1, and the score range was 42.6 to 60.0. There was a moderate positive correlation between VSP total score and Mini-Mental State Examination score (r = 0.429, P < .001). There was a strong positive correlation between VSP total score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (r = 0.645, P < .001). The retest reliability of the VSP was feasible (r = 0.588, P = .048).

 CONCLUSIONS
 The VSP is interesting and feasible for subjects. It shows high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of MCI in older adults, which makes it a promising screening method. The VSP may be generalized to older adults in other countries, although some cultural adaptation may be necessary.
Trial Registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000040074).

 CLINICALTRIAL
 Trial Registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000040074).


In this paper, we design a redundancy control circuit for 1T-SRAM repair using electrical fuse programming. We propose a dual port eFuse cell to provide high program power to the eFuse and to reduce the read current of the cell by using an external program supply voltage when the supply power is low. The proposed dual port eFuse cell is designed to store its programmed datum into a D-latch automatically in the power-on read mode. The layout area of an address comparison circuit which compares a memory repair address with a memory access address is reduced approximately 19% by using dynamic pseudo NMOS logic instead of CMOS logic. Also, the layout size of the designed redundancy control circuit for 1T-SRAM repair using electrical fuse programming with Dongbu HiTek's 0.11㎛ mixed signal process is 249.02 × 225.04㎛2 .


The invention relates to a pressurized interface device with a spiral bourdon tube for an air pressure gauge, which comprises an adapter (1), an adapter cap (2), a support (3) and a rubber cushion (4), wherein the adapter cap (2) adopts a cavity structure, internal threads are arranged at one end of the adapter cap (2), and an unthreaded hole is formed in the other end of the adapter cap (2), and a step is arranged at the joint of an unthreaded hole part and internal thread parts; the adapter (1) is installed in the adapter cap (2) through threads; the unthreaded hole part is provided with the rubber cushion (4) and a stainless steel gasket (5); the support (3) is arranged at the step, and the two end surfaces of the support (3) are respectively matched with the adapter (1) and the rubber cushion (4); and through holes are formed in the centers of the adapter (1), the adapter cap (2), the support (3), the rubber cushion (4) and the stainless steel gasket (5) and are positioned in a straight line. The pressurized interface device has the benefits that as the pressurized interface device is sealed by extruding a rubber part, performance test or aging stability treatment carried out on the spiral bourdon tube can be realized before a screw and a base are welded, so that the percent of pass of the spiral bourdon tube is improved, and the production cost is reduced.


Abstract A structured group designed to consider anger and its impact on women's lives is presented, including a facilitator's manual. Suggestions for future groups are provided.


of U.S. Pat. No. 5,937,332. Finally, satellite radiotelephones for a satellite radiotele phone system or method having a terrestrial component within the same satellite frequency band and using Substan tially the same air interface for both terrestrial and satellite communications can be cost effective and/or aesthetically appealing. Conventional dual band/dual mode alternatives, such as the well known Thuraya, Iridium and/or Globalstar dual mode satellite/terrestrial radiotelephone systems, may duplicate Some components, which may lead to increased cost, size and/or weight of the radiotelephone. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,560 to the present inventor Karabinis, entitled Sat ellite System Utilizing a Plurality of Air Interface Standards and Method Employing Same. In view of the above discussion, there continues to be a need for systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequencies that can allow improved reliability,


Off-grade oil is a raw material for biodiesel that has ALB levels> 2% so that the production of biodiesel made by two stage reaction, the esterification and transesterification. In general, biodiesel is produced using homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts can be replaced by a heterogeneous catalyst. CaO catalyst has a high alkalinity but has shortcomings in the process of separation of the reaction products. Waste iron powder can be used as a support and to provide a catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 metal forming properties. This study aims to create a catalyst that has a high alkalinity and metallic, and study the performance of the catalyst in the transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade. Esterification process were reacted at 60°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:12 and 1% H2SO4 catalyst -b. The esterification reaction can reduce levels of ALB from 12.47% to 0.36%. Transesterification is done by varying the mole ratio of oil: methanol in a row is 1: 6, 1: 8 and 1:10, the amount of catalyst modification 1% -b, -b 2%, 3% -b, a reaction temperature of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and the reaction time 2 hours. Processing data using Response Surface Area (RSM), the amount of attack using Central Composite Design (CCD). The resulting yield ranging from 23.19% to 52.34%. The highest yield obtained at 70°C with a mole ratio of oil: methanol of 1:10 and the amount of catalyst Ca2Fe2O5 1%-b. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel. The most significant process conditions to yield biodiesel is the ratio of the mole ratio of oil: methanol and the amount of catalyst.


The species Neottia puberula(Maximowicz) Szlachetko,N.puberula var.maculata(T.Tang et F.T.Wang) S.C.Chen et al.,Hypericum elatoides R.Keller and Euonymus nanoides Loes.et Rehd.are reported as new records in Ningxia.


Tuberculosis is a major disease causing 1.8 million deaths worldwide, every year. It represents the leading cause of mortality resulting from a bacterial infection. This point to an urgent need for new promising drug candidates to combat the drug resistance and control the disease. Recent studies reveal the ability of 1, 3, 4 Oxadiazole derivatives to produce antibacterial, anti-tubercular anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity. In the present research work a series of 4-(1, 3, 4-Oxadiazol-2-yl) pyridine based 1, 3, 4 Oxadiazole derivatives were designed and docked against Mtb enzyme target L, d transpeptidase 2. The selected molecules were synthesized and repeatedly recrystallized to attain the expected purity. All the purified compounds were characterized by various spectral analytical techniques and evaluated for anti- mycobacterial activity against tuberculosis H37RV strain by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method. The experimental results showed that Compounds SA, VS4 and VS5 possesses anti-tubercular activity in the range of 12.5mcg/mL while Compounds VS1 and VS2 showed antitubercular activity with an MIC value of 6.25mcg/mL and compound NA exhibited moderate activity.


Nano nickel with different shapes were synthesized starting from Nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and using sodium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate as reductants in the presence of PVP or SDS as modifiers,the organic solvent is ethylene glycol.The catalytic activity was colsely related to the shapes of nano nickel for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.The shapes were characterized by transmission of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The products were determined by 1HNMR,13CNMR and MS.


According to FAO, animal production would contribute up to 18% to global anthropogenic green house gas (GHG) emissions. In the face of an increasing world population and demand in food products, more productive and more environmentally- friendly livestock systems have to be conceived. With that aim, non-renewable energy uses and GHG emissions of main animal productions (dairy cattle, beef cattle, pig, poultry and rabbit) were assessed in Reunion tropical island. Based on a method developed in mainland France, energy coefficients and emission factors were redefined to include specificities of the local context and livestock systems. The studied sample comprised 195 farms, i.e. more than 25% of farms overseen by local cooperatives. The study highlights the positive correlation between environmental inefficiency (non renewable energy uses, and GHG emissions per kilogram of animal product) and zootechnical inefficiency (quantity of concentrate feed consumed per kilogram of animal product). It is thus possible to intensify ecologically animal productions. Similar studies are rare in countries of the South. Their development supposes even more drastic methodological adaptations than those conducted in Reunion so as to evaluate little- mechanized low-input mixed systems, where livestock activities are multifunctional and use various energy types.


San Francisco—One of the most frustrating problems for women with urinary tract infections is to complete apparently successful antibiotic treatment, only to have the infection reoccur.


This study examines the influence of perceived work‐related stress levels and levels of job satisfaction on work‐related injury/illnesses. Further, the influence of demographic data on these variables is also considered. The data were collected in a Federal Government study on Workplace Industrial Activities across Australia (AWIRS 95). It appears, from the data, that there is a significant relationship between low levels of job satisfaction and the reporting of work‐related injury/illnesses in the previous 12 months. This is also true for people who reported high levels of job stress. The data show that women seem to be more satisfied than their male colleagues and have fewer injuries and/or illnesses. One reason for the low level of injury/illness may be due to the occupations that men and women occupy. It seems that people who work in such occupations as labourers, plant and machine operators and tradespersons and apprentices are the most likely to have work‐related accidents and/or illnesses than other occupations and many of the people in the high injury incident occupations appear to be males. The study draws tentative conclusions on the influence of demographic data on levels of job satisfaction and job stress and the relationships with work‐related injury and/or illnesses.


Th e poet favors shabby clothes, a vest strained with wrinkles, corduroy pants and long-sleeved checkered shirt to complement his ragged graying beard. Beside him she knows she looks elegant, velvetly styled, never wondering what image they make sheltered beside each other. When he reads she watches from the second row, seated sideways to scan his audience, to assist their responses, the snickers, groans and sighs, knowing the lines that cause the sounds she's heard them so often before. He's writing all the time, even during their nights in bed, eyes spinning behind closed lids, poems gathering like holiday families inside his still silent head. She loves him for his words, for all the songs he sings, for the way his lines wrap her around like the arms and legs of making love,


This study provides important information on the population diversity of edible insects in Tuensang district, Nagaland, India. The region is known for its diverse group of entomofauna, which are used as a healthy food source by the local people. In the study to evaluate the edible insects of Tuensang district, Nagaland, 23 different varieties of insects were identified. The study highlights the importance of these insects as a food source for the local people, which could have implications for food security and sustainability in the region.


Sufficient resolution between two isomer peaks is less than 50% the average two peak heights at the midpoint concentration level (8270D). This collected on an Agilent 7890B GC coupled to an Agilent 5977B Inert Plus GC/ MSD equipped with a SSL inlet.


Joyce Studies Annual, Volume 14, Summer 2003 © 2003 by the University of Texas Press, P.O. Box 7819, Austin, Texas 78713-7819 1 Two other "Léon collections" exist, one in the NLI that Léon gave to Count O'Kelly, the Irish Ambassador in Paris, to hold in trust until the end of the War, and one at the University of Tulsa. 2 See Arnold Goldman, "Two New Ulysses Working Drafts," JSA 2001, 3 –9. 3 There's also the La Hune/Buffalo V.A.19 (see Michael Groden, p. 6). Notes on the New Joyce Manuscripts


In her article, "Working Class Hegemony and the Struggle for Socialism," Chantal Mouffe calls for a redefinition of the socialist project. The traditional Marxist argument that the working class must be the hegemonic force within any socialist movement should, she contends, be reexamined and discarded.


utcome measurement has become a 'hot' topic in recent years. Escalating costs of health care have focused attention on economic approaches, like Diagnostically Related Groups (DRGs, [l]), casemix [Z], and managed care [3]. The philosophical bases of these approaches include notions of accountability and 'value for money', and these have led in turn to a requirement to demonstrate the beneficial impact of interventions. In both the public and private arenas, it seems that clinical judgement is no longer sufficient. While costs of care may not be easy to measure, they at least have the benefit of a common denominator: in this country, dollars. No such common denominator exists for health, which is an undefined concept, and is not simply the absence of disease. It is recognised that even within a diagnostic category, problems, symptoms, disabilities etc. can vary greatly. Tolstoy may have overstated the position when he wrote 'All happy families are alike, but an unhappy family is unhappy after its own fashion.' [4, p. 131, but the point that it is difficult to generalise about human difficulties is pertinent. Nevertheless, political, economic and scientific pressures impel us to try to assess outcome objectively. In Australia, much of the current activity surrounding outcome measurement can be traced to the National Mental Health Policy [5] which promulgated several objectives, two being To institute regular reviews of outcomes of services provided to persons with serious mental health problems and mental disorders as a central component of mental health service delivery' and 'To encourage the development of national outcome standards for mental health services, and systems for assessing whether services are meeting these standards' (pp. 29-30). In response to these objectives, the Federal Department of Human Services and Health issued a consultancy brief in January 1994, one of the terms of reference of which was to provide an 'analysis of the options available for development of standardized consumer outcome measures'. The consultants produced their report later the same year [6]. Following a literature search and review, they identified five instruments, one of which was the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS [7]) for further field testing to 'explore the level to which they are applicable, acceptable, practical, reliable, valid and sensitive to change in appropriate consumer groups and service settings'


The disease called Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is undoubtedly one of the most painful situations a human being has to endure. Its pathogenesis is still far from being resolved. This has meant that the nature of the treatment is often only symptomatic in nature and does not always provide satisfactory results. For some patients it presents a very disabling situation, with serious social and work-related repercussions. It affects 4 out of 100,000 people per year, with a prevalence of 1.7 women per man. Its incidence is clearly correlated with age and usually presents itself after the fifth decade. Over the years, this disease has received many names such as: tic douloureux, Fothergill Disease, Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia, Elementary Trigeminal Neuralgia, and others. We shall retain Trigeminal neuralgia (TN). This work aims to obtain a statistically typical skull to perform the block of the trigeminal ganglion [Gasser], using the percutaneous rhizotomy technique.


In late summer 1985 the Demographic and Health Surveys Program (DHS) had a processing problem: 34 large-scale surveys had to be completed in developing countries within the next 4 years. Since Spring 1986 DHS has developed an integrated software package for survey processing and completed the processing for 23 surveys. The DHS approach to survey data processing has been successful. 1 measure of improved processing is the time required to publish results. What used to take years now only takes months. Analysis of data quality has yet to be completed but early indications are that the quality is high. Interest and enthusiasm are also high. Some micros are in place and overseas colleagues have seen how the right combination of hardware and software can improve their working conditions. DHS has helped counterparts in developing countries process their data in a timely fashion. Emphasis should now be placed on expanding the training so that this method can be used for other projects. Training in graphics presentations and word processing should also be included so that dissemination of results can more easily take place.