Instrumentation development pertaining to turbine cooling research has resulted in the design and testing of several new systems. Pressure measurements on rotating components are being made with a rotating system incorporating ten miniature transducers and a slip-ring assembly. The system has been tested successfully up to speeds of 9000 rpm. An advanced system development combining pressure transducer and thermocouple signals is also underway. Thermocouple measurements on rotating components are transferred off the shaft by a 72-channel rotating data system. Thermocouple data channels are electronically processed on board and then removed from the shaft in the form of a digital serial train by one winding of a rotary transformer.


Objective To analyze drug resistances to 8 kinds of anti-TB drugs and strain types in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Kashi region,Xinjiang.Methods 214 mycobacterial strains were cultured and isolated from sputum specimen from December 31,2010,to June 1,2010.and then identified their strain types and drug resistances to 8 kinds of anti-TB drugs,including isoniazid,rifampicin,streptomycin,ethambutol,ofloxacin,capreomycin,kanamycin,amikacin,by the proportional method for drug susceptibility testing.The count data between the two groups were compared using the χ2 test,P0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference.Results Of 214 isolates,175(81.78%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis,39(18.22%) were Mycobacterium bovis.The drug-resistant rates had the statistical difference between Mycobacterium tuberculosis(29.14%,51/175)and Mycobacterium bovis(12.82%,5/39)(χ2=4.398,P=0.034).The total drug-resistant rate was 26.17%,initial drug-resistant rate was 25.97%(20/77),and acquired drug-resistant rate was 26.28%(36/137).They had not statistical difference(χ2=0.0003,P=1.00).The rates of resistance to 8 kinds of anti-TB drugs accounting for the top four were as follows: isoniazid,streptomycin,rifampicin,ethambutol.Conclusion The situation of drug resis-tance in TB patients is severe in Kashi region,Xinjiang.The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is dominant.


We study a recently proposed quantum dimer model for the pseudogap metal state of the cuprates. The model contains bosonic dimers, representing a spin-singlet valence bond between a pair of electrons, and fermionic dimers, representing a quasiparticle with spin-1/2 and charge $+e$. By density matrix renormalization group calculations on a long but finite cylinder, we obtain the ground-state density distribution of the fermionic dimers for a number of different total densities. From the Friedel oscillations at open boundaries, we deduce that the Fermi surface consists of small hole pockets near $(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2)$, and this feature persists up to a doping density of 1/16. We also compute the entanglement entropy and find that it closely matches the sum of the entanglement entropies of a critical boson and a low density of free fermions. Our results support the existence of a fractionalized Fermi liquid in this model.


Anatomy should be the training base of humanism education according to its specificity.The authors performed the medicinal humanism education in anatomy teaching by means of enhancing humanism diathesis of the teachers,holding the humanistic activities regularly,practicing the suffering education,etc.,and got positive effect in the teaching course.


Drones are the topic of interest for engineering professionals since many recent years. Application of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) for fire-fighting is also in focus now. In this paper we are reviewing various research papers regarding modelling and testing of fire-fighting drone. Modelling will consist of frame fabrication, selection of standard electronic components, assembly, implementation of controlling algorithms, preparation and installation of extinguishing system on drone, etc. and after that testing will be carried out. Challenge in this project is optimum balancing of the drone while operating it and discharging water at a required pressure and discharge. The prime aim is to develop a fire-fighting drone which is user friendly and can be faithfully added in firesafety aides. Keyword Drone, UAV, Fire-fighting, Construction, Simulation, Frame Design, Control. INTRODUCTION Fires that occur in residential and non-residential buildings as well as fires in wild lands cause plenty of health issues; including death to humans and animals, in addition to great economic losses in structure, equipment and vegetation. Furthermore, the first response teams, such as fire-fighters, are exposing their lives to great risks in order to extinguish a fire. To overcome these issues, we decided to modify drone and use it for fire extinguishing purpose. Drone stands for Dynamic Remotely Operated Navigation Equipment. An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. Its flight can be controlled autonomously by microcontrollers in the vehicle and remote control under the direct command of human. So, various research papers have been studied to gain a proper knowledge about the components and their specification. LITERATURE REVIEW [1] K.M. Zemalache and H Maaref "Controlling a DroneComparison between a Based Model Method and Fuzzy Interface System" vol.9, August 2008, pp. no.553-562, have stated in their research paper about the comparison between a based model method and a fuzzy interface system by using the X4 Stationary Flyer (XFS). The work describes an automatically on-line self-tunable fuzzy inference system (STFIS) of a new configuration of mini-flying called XSF (X4 Stationary Flyer) drone. A fuzzy controller based on on-line optimization of a zero order Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy inference system (FIS) by a back propagation-like algorithm is successfully applied. It is used to minimize a cost function that is made up of a quadratic error term and a weight decay term that prevents an excessive growth of parameters. The work is done on stabilizing and tracking control problem which was been solve by optimization technique allowing an online adjustment of the fuzzy controller parameter. The descent algorithm and capacity to adopt any unknown situation using fuzzy system made drone flying economical and safe. Simulation results and a comparison with a static feedback linearization controller (SFL), studied the robustness of the two controllers used in the presence of disturbances, are presented and discussed. [2] Bernard Tat Meng Leong, Sew Ming Low, Melanie Po-Leen Ooi, "Low-cost Microcontroller Hover Control Design of a Quadcopter", ISRIS July 2012, Engineering Procedia 41, pp. no.458-464, has shown a low-cost hover control mechanism which would be implemented in low cost microcontroller of a drone. The purpose of the paper was to control and stable the drone. A microcontroller board "Arduino duemilanove" would be installed in drone without affecting the existing operation. PID control algorithm was used in this because its performance is good and tuning is easy. The hover control system consists of three subsystems: quadcopter, sensor and microcontroller all the three subsystems would get integrated and used as a control mechanism of drone. The results shown that, the drone has stable hover with an error of 2cm more or less for a total flight time of 5 minutes. [3] Dmitri Aleksandrov, "Light Weight Multicopter Structural Design for Energy Saving", Thesis on Mechanical Engineering, August 2013, pp.no. 1-91, has reported Light-Weight Multicopter Structural Design for Energy Saving. He stated that optimal distance www.ijcrt.org © 2018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 1 February 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT1802252 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1973 between the rotors must be determined to reduce the consumption of energy by the motors and to maximize the lifting force created by the rotors, i.e. in this case mutual effect of air flows is minimal. He also mentioned that, since a rotor is working on the principle of a wing, they have similar problems in the tip of blades. Vortexes that are created near the rotor ends lead to pressure adjustment between the upper and the lower rotor surfaces. It was found that by increasing the spacing between the two coaxial rotors, the thrust coefficient of 19 the top rotor increases, but the total thrust coefficient is slightly reduced because the decrease of the bottom rotor thrust coefficient is larger than the increase of the top rotor thrust coefficient. It was found that rotors with a rim around are usually called shrouded rotors or ducted fans. These added safety benefits greatly accelerate the design and test flight process by allowing testing to take place indoors or out, by inexperienced pilots, and with a short turnaround time for recovery from incidents. Those shrouds around rotors can be also used to change properties of air flow around and near the rotor [4] Anudeep M, G Diwakar, Ravi Katukam, "Design of a Quadcopter and Fabrication", IJIET, vol.4, issue.1, August 2014, pp. no.59-65, concluded that in the design of the "Quadcopter" the regular design of the quadcopter is modified and the static analysis is done on the frame to sustain the loads generated in these vehicles and concluded that small deformation occurred on the centre plates are safe and within the limit. Simulation results suggested base frame used is X type, which gives better stability, strength, and easy to control. The material used for the frame is carbon fibre or aluminium. The motor used is a brushless motor for high rpm and low heat dissipation. The propellers selected are standard propeller 8045. The maximum stress obtained in the all the parts are below the ultimate strength we conclude that the frame is statically sustained and also It was found that very low loads are obtained in the top plate. By that by changing the shape of the base plate the performance of the Quad copter cannot be that there is a reduction 50% in the weight of the base plate so that the power consumption is reduced. [5] Diego Domingos, Guilherme Camargo, Fernando Gomide, "Automation Fuzzy Control and Navigation of Quadcopters", IFAC, vol.49, issue.5, July 2016, pp. no.79-78, concluded that SPARC (self-evolving parameter-free rule-based controller) fuzzy control outperforms classic fussy control system. The self-evolving parameters include stabilization of pitch, altitude, yaw, and roll. It also involves SAM (signal aggregation module) which uses data clouds of each parameter having error from fuzzy controller. The SPARC fuzzy control adapts to the change in environmental conditions to maintain stability of drone. Simulation results showed that SPARC fuzzy control achieves superior performance especially in stabilisation and navigation under unpredictable environmental disturbance simultaneously with parameter variations. [6] Kyaw Myat Thu and A.I. Gavrilov, "Design and Modelling of Quadcopter Control System using Adaptive Control", INTELS'16, October 2016, pp. no.528-535, have provided a systematic design and modelling process for the use of L1 adaptive feedback control in realistic flight control applications. They have selected L1 adaptive Control over other MRAC because it perfectly separates performance and robustness. Quadcopter dynamics includes mass of quadcopter, weight of quadcopter, roll, pitch and yaw angle. Their modelling process represents a step in the direction of more easily applying L1 adaptive control to real-world flight systems and taking advantage of its potential benefits. According to their research the controller includes a reference model and a lowpass filter C(s). Adding the low-pass filter C(s) does two important things. First, it limits the bandwidth of the control signal u being sent to the plant. Second, the portion of V that gets sent into the reference model is the high frequency portion. [7] Tao Du, Adriana Schulz, Bo Zhu, Bernd Bickel, Wojciech Matusik, "Computational Multicopter Design", 2016, pp. no.1-10, have stated various frames design and provided bunny examples to show expression of design tools. They proposed a new pipeline for users to efficiently design, optimize, and fabricate multicopters. Users can easily design a Multicopter by interactively assembling components in a user interface. They proposed a new optimization algorithm that can jointly optimize the geometry and controller to improve the performance of a given Multicopter design under different metrics, such as payload and battery usage, and can be further verified in a real-time simulator. The various types of Multicopter which the author mentioned in this paper are as follows: QuadcopterThey designed a simple quadcopter with a 3D printed red body frame. The red frame is a parametric shape, so users can change its size by specifying different shape parameters in the interactive design tool. For simplicity the default quadcopter PID controller in ArduPilot is used here so Vicon is not needed, and no modification to ArduPilot firmware is required. HexacopterThey designed and fabricated a classic Y6 Hexacopter with three pairs of coaxial propellers. As in the previous example, the default Y6 PID controller in ArduPilot is applied and no additional hardware is needed. The hexacopter can change its heading, stabilize itself and fly to a target during the flight. BunnyA bunny c


When should the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (the Tribunal) use its discretion under s. 42D of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 (the AAT Act) to remit a decision back to the decision maker when the decision is clearly incorrect in law? This issue has been commonly the topic of heated debate in jurisdictional hearings before the Tribunal since the Federal Court decisions of Australian Postal Corporation v Oudyn1 and Rosillo v Telstra Corporation Limited.


Urban environmental monitoring and informed decision making towards sustainable use of resources depends on the availability of spatially differentiated information. However, statistical data often at best allow estimates for a city as a whole or on the level of a national economy. Extensive on-site inventories of the built environment are prohibitive resource consuming. Against this backdrop typology approaches are used for bottom up modeling of the built environment with respect to buildings, infrastructure and open spaces. Typologies of the built environment offer a consistent set of (pre-)defined representative buildings, building blocks or urban structures with typical properties like embedded resources, energy demands, land-coverage, infrastructure demands, resource consumption for renovation/upgrading and waste streams to be expected in case of restructuration or demolition etc. Building typologies support large scale inventories as well as micro scale rapid assessments of specific objects. Typologies of urban structures support differentiated models of the urban built environment for a national economy or the city as a whole as well as micro scale screening of stocks and flows on neighbourhood level or for housing market segments. It is also possible to illustrate short and long term effects of development scenarios. This paper presents a synopsis from several research and policy advice projects on sustainable urban development issues working with typologies on building and neighbourhood level.


A simple model which describes the essential features commonly observed in a molecular sputter depth profile is presented. General predictions of the dependence of measured molecular ion signals on the primary ion fluence are derived for the specific case where a mass spectrometric technique such as SIMS or secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) is used to analyze the momentary surface. The results are compared with recent experimental data on molecular depth profiles obtained by cluster‐ion‐initiated SIMS of organic overlayers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Summary of the working group F activities, presented in the closing plenary session. OVERVIEW Working group F was charged with presentations and discussions on diagnostics and instrumentation of highintensity beams. We had 2 sessions spanning a total time of 3-½ hours, in which 10 talks were presented. The presentation time for each talk had to be limited to 15-20 min., in order to allow sufficient time (5-10 min.) for some discussion. This procedure went quite well, thanks to the discipline of the speakers. A final 1 hour discussion was held as joint session with working group E (simulations).


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vending machine which can give commodity information to a person who wants to purchase the commodity. SOLUTION: The vending machine includes a transmitting and receiving antenna and a radio unit, which enable communication with a mobile terminal used by the person who wants to purchase the commodity. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


U.K. mortgage markets have undergone major structural changes in the past few years, resulting in mortgages no longer being rationed. The ending of rationing has implications for the specification of empirical models of housing demand. Housing models have never adequately resolved how to incorporate unobservable mortgage rationing. Conventional proxy methods are particularly unsuitable, when rationing ceases. In this paper, we propose a new way of measuring rationing directly, which incorporates regime switching. The model of rationing is extensively tested and estimates of rationing for the period 1963-88 are provided; these may be easily incorporated into housing demand studies. Copyright 1990 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of progressive hypoventilation on echocardiographic measures of the left ventricular (LV) appearance in a porcine model.


The aim of this campaign was to increase awareness and knowledge among young drivers about one of the consequences of high-risk drinking - the effect on driving ability the following day. Utilising youth friendly advertising mediums, the campaign hoped to address the disconnection in the minds of young drivers between the night before and the next day, thereby reminding drinkers of the need to limit the length and intensity of a drinking session if needing to drive the next day.


It discloses useful calcium additives to enhance the baked on products such as bread products with calcium. Calcium additives are particularly useful for enhancing the fermented baked on products with calcium. Calcium additive prepared to enhance baked on product, discloses a method for using the calcium additive. Generally, the calcium additives comprise suspended solids calcium carbonate acidic aqueous solution such as a citric acid solution.


Bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and the ensuing vasoconstriction are pivotal determinants of beat-by-beat blood pressure regulation. Although age and sex impact blood pressure regulation, how these factors affect the central and peripheral arcs of the baroreflex remains unclear. In 27 young (25[3] years) males (YM; n=14) and females (YF; n=13) and 23 older (71[5] years) males (OM; n=11) and females (OF; n=12) femoral artery blood flow, blood pressure and MSNA were recorded for 10 minutes of supine rest. Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (i.e., central arc) was quantified as the relationship between diastolic blood pressure and MSNA burst incidence. Signal averaging was used to determine sympathetic vascular transduction into leg vascular conductance (LVC) for 12 cardiac cycles following MSNA bursts (i.e., peripheral arc). Older adults demonstrated attenuated sympathetic transduction into LVC (both P<0.001) following MSNA bursts, and smaller increases in sympathetic transduction as a function of MSNA burst size and firing pattern compared to young adults (range: P=0.004-0.032). YM (r2=0.36; P=0.032) and OM (r2=0.51; P=0.014) exhibited an inverse relationship between the central and peripheral arcs of the baroreflex, whereas females did not (YF: r2=0.03; P=0.621, OF: r2=0.06; P=0.445). MSNA burst incidence was inversely related with sympathetic transduction in YM and OF (range: P=0.03-0.046), but not in YF or OM (range: P=0.360-0.603). These data indicate that age is associated with attenuated sympathetic vascular transduction whereas age- and sex-specific changes are present in the relationship between the central and peripheral arcs of the baroreflex regulation of blood pressure.


The learner's proficiency level in communication using English as a foreign language was indicated by their capability to make use of strategies to communicate both in written as well as spoken forms. This qualitative study focused on finding out (i) the types of communication strategies used by the students in EFL classrooms at SMP Negeri 4 Singaraja, and (ii) the students' reasons towards the use of their communication strategies. The data were obtained from observation and focus group discussion. All data were analysed descriptively. The results of the study indicated that numerous types of strategies were used by the students when communicating in the classroom. They are the use of fillers, self-repetition, code switching, appeal for help, self-repair, asking for confirmation, massage abandonment, omission, approximation, and literal translation. Various types of reasons were expressed by the students toward the use of communication strategies such as thinking time, anxiety, and proficiency level.


We introduce a coupled continuous-time random walk with coupling which is characteristic for Lévy walks. Additionally we assume that the walker moves in a quenched random environment, i.e. the site disorder at each lattice point is fixed in time. We analyze the scaling limit of such a random walk. We show that for large times the behaviour of the analyzed process is exactly the same as in the case of uncoupled quenched trap model for Lévy flights.


The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is nowadays a worldwide problem, because is one of the gases contributing to global warming. It is a fact that CO2 is increasing every time more and more in the atmosphere due to several industrial activities and the own carbon cycle. From this point of view, it is wanted to suggest the photoreduction of CO2 in water with natural zeolites (in this case clinoptilolite) as a possible solution.
In this research two different types zeolites were tested, the difference was the particle size, and also two different modifications of them. In order to catch as much CO2 as possible it was experimented with the solubility of CO2 in water and to convert as much as CO2 into organic compounds several photoreduction were developed.
The results show that it is possible to convert CO2 into organic matter performing a photoreduction with clinoptilolite. It was found out that the best conditions for a more efficient photoreduction are with 0,1 g of zeolites as catalyst, although there is not a big difference between the particle size of zeolites, the better working photocatalyst was the zeolites with particle size less than 0,25 mm. About the temperature of the photoreduction can be achieved same results with cold and warm water, but depends on the speed wanted for the reaction, cold reaction are slower than warm reactions.


Review: The Conservation Program Handbook: A Guide for Local Government Land Acquisition By Sandra Tassel Reviewed by Elery Hamilton-Smith Charles Sturt University, Australia Tassel, Sandra. The Conservation Program Handbook: A Guide for Local Government Land Acquisition. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011. xvi + 245 pp. ISBN: 9781597266666. US$35.00, paperback. Alkaline paper. The author and her many colleagues have based this book upon "case studies" of public lands acquisition and management at the local level either by or on behalf of local government. At intervals there are chapters which examine and conceptualize important aspects of the processes involved and thus integrate the learning from the various examples. There are also a number of sidebar reminders of particularly important principles: - Programs used as models by new programs may not be the best ones to emulate - At the very start of designing the program policies, you need to decide when commitments can be made - The objectivity of numeric ranking is actually an illusion unless every element of your rating system can be reduced to a yes or no question or measured quantitatively The clarity of the text is indeed one of the best features of the book as a whole. Newcomers to the land management process will find it easy to follow, yet at the same time dealing in real depth with the issues that arise in practice. I can only recommend it very strongly to all those sharing in the on-ground process within the United States. However, it may be of less value outside of the USA as it relies upon the prevailing legal frameworks and processes of that country. Its clarity on dealing with issues is based in point-by-point descriptions of the ways in which these inevitably shape the way in which those involved can be efficient and effective. One very clear example of a complex but fundamentally area can be seen in Chapter viii (pp. 140-47) on due diligence. So, outside of the American legal system it will be of value mainly to experienced planners and managers to identify the issues to which they must pay attention and so ensure that nothing is ignored or overlooked. But they will have to adapt or even develop the action to be taken within their own legal and managerial processes. Elery Hamilton-Smith , Professor, Charles Sturt University, Australia, P.O. Box 36, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia. TEL: 613-9489-77850. Electronic Green Journal, Issue 32, Fall 2011, ISSN:1076-7975


Abstract This document aims to raise awareness of the development of problems involving partial differential equations present in some engineering applications, which is based on the finite element method. To obtain the solution to these problems expressed in their variational form. Three examples are then presented in which the behavior and the solution to three different problems can be appreciated. The first is the solution of the Poisson equation, the second the solution of the Laplace equation and the third is the behavior of the skin effect presented by the conductors in AC networks [1,2].


Abstract The applications of NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductases for very selective synthesis processes are reviewed. Numerous fields are concerned: the production of chiral compounds (amino acids, hydroxy acids,…); alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone modifications; steroid functionalization; carbon dioxide transformation; and even some curative systems for environmental problems. The systems are presented in terms of productivity, product purity, and efficiency of cofactor regeneration. The performances of the various reactor types used are discussed. In most of these systems, electron feed or extraction was achieved by adding another substrate as electron donor or acceptor. Although electrochemistry could afford a better way for monitoring all these reactions, it has been very rarely used until now; nevertheless, some examples of electroenzymatic synthesis exist and are highlighted in particular.


The past twenty years has seen great progress in compiling the elementary Chinese textbooks for short-term intensive training class.Since the 1980s,the compilation of such textbooks has shown different traits at different periods.The introduction of language-teaching and second languageacquisition theories has helped improve the compilation quality.The functional approach is the dominating one with an organic combination of "function,situation and structure".Practicability and motivation together with cultural elements have been taken into account in the compilation.


A hair lotion with improved properties in its hair protecting action and prevention of hair loss, and the reduction of external effects of androgenic alopecia and resulting hair loSS, that comprises as an active ingredient a mixture con sisting of: i) hop extract (Humulus lupulus), ii) rosemary extract (ROSmarinus officinalis L.), iii) Swertia extract (Swertia japonica) and iv) Silanodiol Salicylate; the remain ing ingredients consisting of a cosmetically and pharmaceu tically acceptable medium, in general an alcohol or hydroal cohol medium that can contain other auxiliary ingredients, Such as Vitamins, colorants, fragrances and Similar Sub StanceS.


The method of calculation consists in replacing the actual system by a system of rigid finite elements interconnected and attached to the foundation by elastic elements with linear characteristics. The matrix of the equations of motion is constructed directly without their explicit derivation. The accuracy of the computerized method depending upon the number of finite elements (see fig. 5) is shown on the example of a simply supported prismatic beam. The method described is widely applied in shipbuilding industry, especially for calculations of ship hull vibrations, bending vibrations of the shafting fitted on many elastic supports, bending vibrations of elastic Grim-type propeller shafts, vibrations of the ''raft'' with flexibly fitted equipment and torsional vibrations of branch propulsion systems. The method of rigid finite
 elements is most useful in calculation of natural vibration frequencies of the frames and grillages with varying cross-sections. The influence of shearing and inertia forces are taken into account.


This paper presents V3, an unsupervised system for aspect-based Sentiment Analysis when evaluated on the SemEval 2014 Task 4. V3 focuses on generating a list of aspect terms for a new domain using a collection of raw texts from the domain. We also implement a very basic approach to classify the aspect terms into categories and assign polarities to them.


Eco-point program was one of the key programs intended for improvement in energy efficiency in residential sector in Japan. This paper estimated energy saving and CO 2 emission reduction effects of the program considering its impacts on changes in sales demand of appliances together with the expected energy efficiency improvements after the program. The estimated total effect of CO 2 reduction through the Eco-point program for air conditioners, refrigerators and televisions was 0.94 Mt-CO 2 . The effect was much smaller than that estimated by the Japanese government. For the key aspect in the program for TVs, sensitivity analysis was also performed.


– The study intended to find out if multimedia can be a tool for addressing the reading difficulties of selected grade 2 learners in the five schools of Magpet West District – Magpet, North Cotabato, Philippines. It specifically, aimed to answer the following questions : what are the reading difficulties of the selected grade 2 learners of the five schools in Magpet West District ; does multimedia enhance the test scores of the learners; what type of multimedia is the most effective tool in enhancing the reading skills of learners; what are the reading skills that learners can acquire with the use of multimedia; which type of multimedia is the most effective tool in addressing the reading difficulties of learners ; and what is the effectiveness level of using multimedia on the reading skills of learners with reading difficulties. A repeated measure type of quasi-experimental research design was conducted to determine if multimedia can be an effective tool in addressing the reading difficulties of learners, in terms of phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and reading comprehension in which four sessions of 60-minutes reading intervention using powerpoint presentation, video, flashcards and charts and workbook were use for each session respectively. The learners were found to have moderate difficulty in phonological awareness and very high difficulty in phonics, fluency, vocabulary and reading comprehension skills. Using multimedia such as powerpoint, video, flashcard and charts in conducting reading intervention enhance pupils test scores (developing/passed) while using workbook maintains their level as beginner. Mathematically speaking, powerpoint presentation ranked number 1 in improving the test scores level of learners. By using multimedia, learners acquired reading skills in phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and reading comprehension. Reading skills of learners in terms of phonological awareness become very high, while in terms of phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension skill became moderate. Statistically, flashcard and charts were found to be the most effective multimedia tool in improving the reading skills of learners. Moreover, multimedia has a high significant effect on acquiring reading skills of learners. Thus, it can be a tool in addressing the reading difficulties of learners.


This article discusses the current work of students in the development of organizational skills in the process of independent learning, what to look for to develop students' organizational skills in the process of independent learning, the advantages and disadvantages of organizing independent activities of students. the tasks to be covered by independent work were discussed.


Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a promising biomaterial made of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on the planet, and are produced in mass quantities by the Process Development Center at the University of Maine. One promising application of these materials are low-density foams, or aerogels, which are commonly prepared using lyophilization and solvent-exchange methods. Each of these methods rely on different physical and chemical processes to remove liquid from a given substrate and may impact the overall structure of a material in different ways. The purpose of this work was to determine if these drying techniques have any significant effect on the structural properties of low-density CNF aerogels. Additionally, samples with varying amounts of CNF solids were tested in conjunction with these drying methods to quantify the effects of increased concentrations of CNF solids on the structural properties of these materials. These properties were examined using testing procedures to quantify density, porosity, and compressive strength. Results show that these properties are certainly influenced by the concentration of CNF within a sample, and further investigation into the characteristics and applications of this material will prove to be beneficial for both Maine's economy and the biomedicine industry.


Permafrost peatlands are widespread at high northern latitudes and are important soil organic carbon reservoirs. A future warming in these areas, as suggested by global climate models, can cause th ...


If a group acts on a finite projective plane to make it a plane of type (5,m) then the related 2-transitive permutation representation of it has a normal regular subgroup.


This study aimed to investigate problems facing Palestinian Arab students from Israel who are majoring in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in developing well-written paragraphs in English. They usually transfer the stylistic features of their first language, Arabic to the target language, English. For example, they tend to write long sentences with coordinating conjunctions (Al-Khatib, 2001), repeat themselves and argue through presentation and elaboration (Almehmadi, 2013), and often talk around the topic and repeat phrases before stating the main points (Alsamadani, 2010). The data had been accumulated for the last fourteen years include samples of 205 students, which show similar repeated types of mistakes and errors made by the participants of the first year writing course. The accumulated data show that students face many problems in writing good topic as well as concluding sentences, supporting details by adding examples and reasons and using discourse markers appropriately. To help these learners write good samples of paragraphs in English, a variety of approaches such as contrastive analysis, error analysis, and the process approach have been employed. The findings indicated that by the end of their first school year, most of them succeed in writing topic and concluding sentences. However, (1) providing supporting details including examples and reasons is not fully mastered; (2) the style of English is not completely acquired: Some students continue transferring the style of Arabic writing; and (3) developing a cohesive paragraph using the right coordinators and transition words still needs a lot of practice.


The invention provides a defense method of domain name hijacking, which is suitable for network environment in which network outlet equipment is arranged between a client and a domain name server (DNS) or is suitable for network environment in which network outlet equipment is arranged between NS and DNS, wherein corresponding relation between each domain name and NS information is configured in the network outlet equipment. The method comprises the following steps: the network outlet equipment requests NS information corresponding to the designated domain name from the DNS; the network outlet equipment acquires the NS information returned from the DNS; if the network outlet equipment discovers that the returned NS information is different from the stored NS information corresponding to the designated domain name, the network outlet equipment judges whether domain name hijacking possibly occurs or not; if the domain name hijacking occurs, warning treatment or defense treatment is carried out; and if the domain name hijacking does not occur, the stored NS information corresponding to the designated domain name is updated to be the returned NS information. The invention also provides the network outlet equipment. The invention can prevent clients from being influenced because of occurrence of domain name hijacking.


The article is devoted to the iconography of St. Francis of Assisi, whose image has been so popular in the art of Italian Baroque XVII. The iconography of the saint is considered by the example of the seven works from a large collection of fine arts ASG, which in addition to paintings by Italian masters includes the work of an unknown Flemish artist.


Essential oils are a great group of vegetable oils in the form a viscous liquid at room temperature but easily evaporate so as to provide a distinctive scent. Indonesia is the world's largest patchouli oil each year to supply about 75% of the world, but seen from the quality and quantity did not experience much change. This is due to most of the units of the oil still using simple technology / traditional and generally has a limited production capacity. Problems like this need to find a solution with one of the ways that pre-distillation using a freezing effect on the leaf so that the cells will be damaged so that the distillation process will be easier and get the quality of good patchouli oil. Freezing performed on fresh leaves and stems with a temperature variation of 13.8, -19.6 and -24.8 o C, while the temperature of distillation varies the 95, 105 and 115 o C, the clotting time for 2 hours. The results showed the presence of the lower freezing temperature the higher freezing the higher the content of patchouli alcohol (C15H26O), was to the effect of the higher distillation temperature distillation temperatures accelerate the process of spending patchouli oil from the leaves and stems. Keywords: Essential Oil, Predistillation, Temperature, Patchouli Alcohol (C15H26O)


The embodiment of the present invention provides the method and device of a kind of cloud terminal authentication.The method of cloud terminal authentication of the present invention, including: if wideband switch-in business gateway BRAS detects fault, the cloud end message of the virtual machine service connected is saved in the high memory of described BRAS by the most described BRAS, and described high memory is that lower electricity does not lose storage medium;Described BRAS receives the message that described cloud terminal sends;Described message is authenticated by described BRAS according to the described cloud end message of storage in described high memory.The embodiment of the present invention realizes improving the speed that cloud terminal is reached the standard grade again, reduces service disconnection and recovers the cycle, increases network utilization.


The computerized formula of balance feeding for groups of subjects, with different nutrition requirements, has been developed with the progressive insertion of primary aliments, for children in the pre-school age, to assure a physiological flux of nutrients in the meals and the covering of meals calculated as Energy (1660 Kcal/day) of which 60% covered by light-meal. The needs are related as nutritional index in the sphere of a pilot project: the principals are oligosaccharides/polysaccharides; essential amminoacids/proteins polyunsaturated fat acids/Energy; Ca 2+ /Saturated fat acids. For the light-meal in the maternal school (genuensis) results that the biggest meal (40% of the daily Energy) integrated with light repast (15% of the daily Energy) presents an under balance for some of the nutrients (chiefly plastic), for oligosaccharides and also to the essential polyunsaturated and for the folic acid, Ca 2+ , Fe 2+ too. In consequence the dietary proposal suggest the study of the introduction of nutrients with light meal; the exclusion of only vegetables meals in the first and second dish. It is also reccomanded the consumption of aliments poor in conservative and additive (f.e. not ewe-milk cheese; not vegetable conserves ecc). We confirm the need of observance of tables studied for the pre school age, of which we report prototypes, considering that basal educative need is the accomodation to balanced alimentation physiologically distribuited in the meals (to be obtained by a constant flux of nutrients too). Another principle, in the sphere of alimentary education results to look at direct conditionment of children besides information of the familiar habits.


Bright excitons in ferromagnetic monolayers CrI$_3$ efficiently interact with lattice magnetization, which makes possible all-optical resonant magnetization control in this material. Using the combination of ab-initio simulations within Bethe-Salpeter approach, semiconductor Bloch equations and Landau-Lifshitz equations, we construct a microscopic theory of this effect. Solving numerically the resulting system of the coupled equations describing the dynamics of atomic spins and spins of the excitons, we demonstrate the possibility of a tunable control of macroscopic magnetization of a sample.


Provided is a memory array includes a plurality of memory cells, each of which receives a bit line, a first word line, and a second word line. Each memory cell includes a cell selection circuit, which allows the memory cell to be selected. Each memory cell also includes a two-terminal switching device, which includes first and second conductive terminals in electrical communication with a nanotube article. The memory array also includes a memory operation circuit, which is operably coupled to the bit line, the first word line, and the second word line of each cell. The circuit can select the cell by activating an appropriate line, and can apply appropriate electrical stimuli to an appropriate line to reprogrammably change the relative resistance of the nanotube article between the first and second terminals. The relative resistance corresponds to an informational state of the memory cell.


In the experiments,the SiCl4 liquid with the purity of 99 percent was chosen as a precursor and the gas mixtures of H2 and O2 as explosion sources.The relative molar quantity of the precursor was changed and its influences on the products were explored.And the nano-SiO2 powders were characterized with X-ray fluorescence(XRF) spectrometry,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The XRF measurement shows that the obtained product is mainly SiO2 and its purity is above 99.9 percent.There lie typical halo patterns in the XRD spectra of the products near the diffraction angle of 22 degrees,indicating that the obtained products have amorphous structures.The TEM images display that the obtained main SiO2 powders have particle sizes of 50-100 nm and are spherical.With the increase of the relative molar quantity of the precursor,the products are gradually apt to bonding and their dispersion decreases.So the molar ratio of the precursor should be controlled below 1.25.


The invention discloses a clipping work head of forest biomass energy shrubbery and relates to energy forest clipping equipment. The technical problem that an energy forest collecting device does not exist currently is solved. The clipping work head is composed of a shearing part, a supporting frame and a hydraulic system. The shearing part comprises fixed scissors, movable scissors, a baffle and a special-shaped plate. The movable scissors are connected with the special-shaped plate. The other end of the special-shaped plate is connected with the hydraulic system. The fixed scissors are connected with the supporting frame. The supporting frame forms a semi-surrounded frame through a front baffle, a fixing plate and side baffles. The hydraulic system is installed in the semi-surrounded frame. The lower end of the fixing plate is connected with the fixed scissors. The hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder, a reversing valve and a hydraulic oil pipe. The hydraulic oil cylinder and the reversing valve are communicated through the hydraulic oil pipe. A hydraulic rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder is connected with the special-shaped plate. The other end of the special-shaped plate is connected with the movable scissors. The work head can be fixed to a mechanical arm. Shrubbery energy forest collection, economic forest clipping, pruning of forestation seedlings, pruning and clipping work of city greening forests can be achieved.


BACKGROUND
Approximately 5%-10% of all cancers and cardiovascular diseases have a significant genetic component. Of the 15 most frequent admission diagnoses for palliative care, at least one third have a significant genetic component which is testable, informative, and potentially life saving to the survivors. Once the patient has died, the chance to test or bank DNA for common inherited conditions such as breast cancer, colon cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc., is gone.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of genetic conditions for commonly seen palliative care conditions, the availability of testing or DNA banking for future testing, and how genetics assessment is helpful.

DESIGN
A case illustration and review of the currently published evidence.

RESULTS
Genetic testing fits the accepted model of family-centered palliative care, is ethical, and may lead to life-saving interventions. Risk assessment tools and helpful websites are available.

CONCLUSIONS
While common genetic conditions should be recognized before end-of-life care, the palliative care health professional may be the only person to recognize the condition before death of the patient and loss of available DNA.


ABSTRACTIn order to describe the lactation curves of milk yield traits, six standard growth models (Brody, logistic, Gompertz, Schumacher, Von Bertalanffy and Morgan) were used. Data were 911,144 test-day records for unadjusted milk yield , 4% fat-corrected milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield from the first lactation of Iranian Holstein cows, which were collected on 834 dairy herds in the period from 2000 to 2011. Each model was fitted to monthly production records of dairy cows using the NLIN and MODEL procedures in SAS. The models were tested for goodness of fit using adjusted coefficient of determination, root means square error, Durbin–Watson statistic, Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The Morgan model provided the best fit of the lactation curves due to the lower values of AIC and BIC than other models, but the Brody model did not fit the production data as well as the other equations. The results showed that the Morgan equation was able to estimat...


Laser diodes are widely used in many fields, but the poor beam quality is an obvious deficiency. The intensity distribution of a beam from a laser diode in the slow axis is so complex that it is difficult to be described by a Gaussian distribution of a certain order. The beam qualities of a certain type of laser diode in the directions of perpendicular and parallel to junction are evaluated in this paper. The intensity distributions in two directions are described respectively by fundamental mode Gaussian distribution and multi-mode Hermite-Gaussian distribution. The computed data is basically in accord with the experimental data. The mathematical model may provide some suggestions for the designing of optical system with laser diodes and related simulations.


The interaction of metal(loid)s with membranes can have a significant role in their biological effects. To the extent that membranes prevent the entry of these species into cells, they 'will inhibit damaging effects. However, many interactions with membranes can result in direct damage, or, more seriously, can lead to an amplication of toxicity. Direct damage can include structural alteration such as a di s r up t ion of v i tal lip i d pro t e i n associations or introduction of new surface charges. More substantial damage can occur when metals or metalloids act catalytically to impair membrane function, e.g., by providing ion conductance pathways or by promoting free radical reactions which may cause massive oxidation of membrane lipids. Recognition of factors involved in the interaction of compounds with membranes may be useful in devising meaningful strategies for speciating metal(loid)s in biological environments. Biological cells are surrounded by membranes which usually prevent the entry of toxic molecules into the cell and which control the flow of nutrients and ions between the external fluid and the cytoplasm. Other membrane functions include providing an essentially two-dimensional matrix where collisions among molecules will occur more frequently than in aqueous environments, providing a nonpolar environment where organic chemical reactions can occur, providing a low dielectric region which allows membranes to act as electrical capacitors, and providing a macromolecular assembly which


For marine seismic data, the source and receiver ghosts generated by the free surface cause angle dependent frequency and amplitude distortion. For better interpretation and inversion, these unwanted effects are best corrected in a prestack depth image. Based on true amplitude migration theory, we propose to compensate for the ghost effects in a reverse time migration. The numerical examples demonstrate that with the compensation terms, we can generate a wide bandwidth reflectivity map. In particular, the low frequency geological variation is better delineated in the image. We also show that with some simple modifications, the proposed reverse time migration can generate sensible velocity perturbations for seismic inversion.


The idea, originating in economics and forcefully brought back by Goldthorpe, that rational choice theory and large-scale data analysis are symbiotic, is very attractive. Rational choice is in dire need of explananda which can be provided by large-scale data analysis, while large-scale data analysis is in dire need of an explanatory device; at the moment, rational choice can provide this better than any alternative approach. However, this idea is limited. It can only be applied to situations in which the specific simplifications made in rational choice model-building do not seriously affect the explananda. Ignoring this complication has created a very unsatisfactory use of rational choice theories in economics and sociology alike: a choice-centred approach in which the main task is to show that choice theory can be applied to the phenomena at hand, rather than to advancing knowledge in the field that specializes in the study of the phenomenon. What is needed is a subject-centred approach in which the quality criteria are related to advancement in the field, with rational choice theory taking a back seat. For a subject-centred approach, we need to have so-called 'feeder theories' which inform us about the impact of model specifications on explananda. If the simplication disregards important tendencies of human behaviour (such as short-sightedness), it cannot even acknowledge explananda of the ways people try to deal with these tendencies (say, by norms that shorten the time-horizon). There can thus be a direct relationship between the kind of simplification and the reality under consideration. Feeder theories thus open up the possibility of studying the interactive relationship between rational choice theory and explananda (be they from large-scale data analysis, from experiments, or from historical descriptions) and avoiding a choice-centred approach in favour of a subject-centred approach.


Let P denotes the set of all prime numbers and {pi} n i=1 be sequence of consecutive prime numbers. Then Gilbreath's conjecture a not-well studied conjecture in additive number theory is a conjecture about the distribution of the sequences generated by applying the forward difference operator on consecutive prime numbers leaving the result unassigned and repeating the process. The conjecture named after Norman L. Gilbreath who presented it to the mathematical community in 1958 after discovering the pattern working arithmetic on a napkin is the assertion that the first term in each of the sequences generated in this way must always be a unit. More formally the conjecture can be stated in the following manner


(Editor's Note: Beeatise the faculty committee on curriculum reform will continue to meet with student groups for several months, the 014 Gold and Black next semester will be· surveying students and $o faculty members, !or their opinions on ]X>ssible reformS 'of the University's present curriculum.) · · The response of student groups tO an in. vttatlon!lo relate their ideas on curriculum t-Eform to .a·fac.11Uy committee which is studying possible changes has been disap. pointing, Dr. Thomas Turner, professor of phySics and chairman of the commit.: . tee, said last week. · . Turner said the committee has given many student organizations the chance to tell what they think is wrong with the UniversitY's teaching system and curriculum and to propose solutions. But many group~ have not responded, Turner said. Only five groups have met so far with the committee anddiscussedpos. sible reforms. The committe is studying all aspects of possible changes at the University in curriculum and in the calendar year. It has discussed possibilities with almost every department on campus, and is now giving students their opportunity. The committee is composed of Turner; Dr. Edwin G. Wilson, provost of the Uni. versity; Dr. Phyllis Trible, associate pro. fessor of religion: Dr. Donald o. Schoon. maker, assistant professor of political science; Dr. John Woodmansee, assistant professor of psychology; and Dr. Doyle Fosso, assistant professor of English. The committee will compile its findings sometime this spring from students and faculty members, and from other schools which have tried different curricula, Tur. ner said. It will then submit preliminary proposals to the entire faculty for further discussion, before making final recom. mendations which could be put into effect in 1970. Many possibilities have been suggested even by the groups interviewed so far. Other student groups will still be given a chance to dis~s their ideas with the committee, Turner said, and individual stu. dents are also being encouraged to talk with the committee oroneofthemembers. Student groups-.intei"viewed-at-this point include Taylor House, Kitchin House, the Women's Government Association, Tass. els, and a group of Carswell Scholars. Most student complaints and proposals thus far have emphasized the same areas. Most students seem to be dissatisfied with the large number of basic requirements and want more options. The students have offered "very interesting suggestions for change," Schoon. maker said. "The discussions were quite open. Tbere is no statis quoism rampant here." But Schoonmaker said that there have been "no great discussions on innova. tions," outside of the student requests for more flexibility in the curriculum. Most students seemed to want some -change ··• ·but-most-·c:mrnor want radical changes, as they still wanted the security offered by basic requirements. Science majors felt that many basic lib. eral arts courses, foreign languages, for example, were irrelevant-to -what they wanted to study. Several students mention. ed the possibility of organizing these types of courses on a different basis. For exam. ple, the emphasis in foreign languages would be. shifted from the language to the culture and other aspects of the country. Liberal arts majors stressed the same ideas about science and math courses • more fiexibility; i.e., more options available to the students. A general science course With less emphasis on labs and irrelevant details, and an introductory-type math course were suggested for mclllslon in the neW-CUUic.,. u1um. Both groups of majors criticized soJile of the basic requirements and recommend. ed that they be eliminated, thereby in. creasing the number of electives or options.


To evaluate the effectiveness of screening test for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV), the incidence of acute post‐transfusion HCV infection in patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and received blood transfusion was studied. All patients were followed prospectively with serum biochemistry tests and viral hepatitis markers before and periodically for at least 6 months after cardiovascular surgery. None of them had history of liver disease and none tested positive for anti‐HCV prior to blood transfusion. Before blood donors were screened for anti‐HCV with a second‐generation HCV diagnostic kit, 28 (12.4%) of 226 patients or 0.49% of 5,690 unit transfusion had seroconverted to anti‐HCV during a 6‐month follow‐up. The incidence of post‐transfusion hepatitis (PTH) C in 91 patients who had received 1–12 units transfusion was significantly lower than in 135 patients who had received more than 12 units transfusion (6.6 vs. 16.3%, p<0.05). However, none of the 87 transfused patients, since anti‐HCV screening in July 1992, developed PTH C (p<0.05). The result demonstrates that screening for anti‐HCV by a more sensitive second‐generation HCV diagnostic assay may protect the patients studied from PTH C. It further provides a firm argument for the necessity of a nation‐wide blood donor screening.


The advertising efforts in social networks grow every year. Since their appearance in the late 1990s Social Network Web Sites were considered as a uniform group. The only differentiation factors were the number of users and the amount of traffic passed through the site. This paper classifies the existing web sites into four major categories: (1) Pure Social Network, (2) Grouped Social Networks, (3) Content Social Networks and (4) Broadcast Social Networks. The paper shows the possibilities of advertising in each of these groups as well as the disadvantages of using the sites of the particular group for the advertising purposes.


We present follow-up optical imaging and spectroscopy of one of the light echoes of η Carinae's nineteenth century Great Eruption discovered by Rest et al. By obtaining images and spectra at the same light echo position between 2011 and 2014, we follow the evolution of the Great Eruption on a 3 yr timescale. We find remarkable changes in the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the echo light. The i-band light curve shows a decline of ∼0.9 mag in ∼1 yr after the peak observed in early 2011 and a flattening at later times. The spectra show a pure-absorption early G-type stellar spectrum at peak, but a few months after peak the lines of the Ca ii triplet develop strong P-Cygni profiles and we see the appearance of [Ca ii] 7291, 7324 doublet in emission. These emission features and their evolution in time resemble those observed in the spectra of some Type IIn supernovae and supernova impostors. Most surprisingly, starting ∼300 days after peak brightness, the spectra show strong molecular transitions of CN at ≳ 6800 Å. The appearance of these CN features can be explained if the ejecta are strongly nitrogen enhanced, as is observed in modern spectroscopic studies of the bipolar Homunculus nebula. Given the spectroscopic evolution of the light echo, velocities of the main features, and detection of strong CN, we are likely seeing ejecta that contributes directly to the Homunculus nebula.


The impact of a reduced Arctic sea ice cover on wintertime extratropical storminess is investigated by conducting atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments. The AGCM ECHAM5 is forced by the present and a projected future seasonal cycle of Arctic sea ice. In the experiment with projected sea-ice concentrations significant reductions in storminess were found during December and January in both midlatitudes and towards the Arctic. However, a substantially larger reduction in extratropical storminess was found in March, despite a smaller change in surface energy fluxes in March than in the other winter months. The magnified response in March is shown to resemble the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The impact of sea-ice anomalies on the NAO and its dependence on the background flow is further investigated by a series of experiments under perpetual January, February and March model states. The analysis of these experiments will also be presented.


Exergy analysis is originated from the second law of thermodynamics and is used to analyze, design and upgrade energy and other common (in use) systems. Increasing interest to use this kind of analysis is on the basis of increased calculated efficiencies in reality and more precise and detailed analysis of a process. In the first place Shahid Rajaei steam power plant has been repowered using feed water heating as a proper power plant for repowering in this research. Afterwards reconstructed power plant has been optimized considering exergy efficiency as a goal function. To fulfill this purpose the sensitivity of the goal function to variation in extraction rates of present steam turbines has been analyzed and the most optimum value of extraction rate has been determined by genetic algorithm. Total exergy efficiency has been determined by calculating exergy destruction and exergy efficiency related to every component of the repowering cycle system. Applying restrictions of repowering it has been shown that repowering by adding a 25 MW turbine has increase thermal and exergy efficiencies of the power plant up to 5 percent; and consequently increase of 7 percent has been witnessed in the total power of the cycle.


Deregulation is the major trend in the electric power industry throughout the world. The main focus in deregulated system operation is to optimize the system welfare by introducing competition, mainly, among generators. The grid operator is required to know how the power offered by the generators is reaching the load; for which the power flow is to be traced along the lines. Tracing of electricity plays very important role in the open market, as it increases the clarity in open market and promote efficient system. In this paper, tracing based loss allocation methodology is developed to allocate the transmission losses to generators alone. This method works based on the principle of power flow tracing which in turn uses proportional sharing principle. The effectiveness of the proposed loss allocation methodology is tested on standard IEEE-5 bus, IEEE-30 bus and real time Indian-24 bus systems and the loss allocation results are also compared with the existing Bialek method.


During the afterglow of the pulsed electron cyclotron resonance discharge, currents can be extracted, which are substantially higher than the ion current during the heating phase of the plasma. This is especially the case for the high charge states of heavy ions. An operating regime was found, which gives an extremely stable and reproducible afterglow. The variation from pulse to pulse is hardly visible and the long‐term stability is also very good. This mode, which made the setting up and operation of the accelerators much easier than is normally the case, can also give an insight into the processes responsible for the afterglow. An investigation of the shape and duration of the afterglow for the different charge states of lead is presented. A 1/ζ2 dependence for the decay time of the afterglow was found for operation with oxygen, while no such dependence appears for operation with neon as the auxiliary gas.


This paper evaluates the energy efficiency in the bakery industry toward competitiveness and sustainability through energy audits that were carried out on six bakeries located in Quito, Ecuador. Firstly, an initial meeting was held. After this, an energy survey was carried out in all areas of the bakeries. The information of the energy consumption of the facilities was collected. This was based on electricity bills, power data, equipment usage time, habits, and monthly consumption. With the energy balances, the critical points were identified, resulting in the baking process and the production activity, as those with the highest energy consumption within each establishment. Subsequently, with the indicator of electrical energy consumed per unit produced, the energy consumption by production processes and the bakery's total energy consumption were determined. Several improvement proposals were generated for the bakery industry based on the results. Finally, it is concluded that the consumption of electrical energy in the bakery industry in Quito is efficient when compared to other bakeries, since they use less energy per unit of mass processed to produce products.


Folk medicine in the Tamnava region means different forms of healing - from approaches based on rational conclusions and experience, right down to numerous magic interventions - which are the basic focus of this work. The ethnographic material presented, in combination with suitable research aims, should serve as a starting point for complex observation which concerns the structure of magic thought, that is in an even wider sense the basis laws of human thought. The basis of the majority of observed activities and beliefs are magic thoughts, based on the idea that one can influence reality simply, by ritually codified activity on the primary substance that is - the energy which exists in the basis of total reality .


With the ever growing need of robust and reliable software, formal methods are increasingly being employed. A recurrent problem is the intractability of exhaustively verifying software. Due to its scalability to real-life systems, testing has been used extensively to verify software. However, testing usually lacks coverage. Runtime verification is a compromise whereby the current execution trace is verified during runtime. Thus, it scales well without loss of coverage. In this thesis we examine closely the work in runtime verification and identify potential improvements with regards to the specification of properties and guarantees which are given. For the first issue of specification we make use of a real-life case study to better understand the day-to-day properties which system architects would need to formalise. DATE is the logic which results from these experiments and experiences. It is shown to be highly expressive and versatile for real-life scenarios. This is further confirmed by the second case study carried out and presented in this work. Our logic requires a complete architecture to be usable with Java programs. This architecture, called Larva, is developed using Java and AspectJ with the aim of being able to automatically create and instrument monitoring code from a Larva script. A central aspect of this thesis is the work on real-time properties. Such properties are very sensitive to overheads, because overheads slow down the system and use up resources. For this purpose, we present a theory based on the prominent real-time logic, duration calculus, to be able to give guarantees on the effects of slowing down/speeding up the target system due to the monitoring overhead. Another form of guarantee which we can give on real-time properties is the upperbound of memory overhead used during runtime verification. This is achieved by starting from the subset of duration calculus, QDDC, and translating it into Lustre. To relate Larva to other tools in the field we use a benchmark to compare expressivity and resource consumption of Larva to other prominent tools. Furthermore, a subset of duration calculus (counterexample traces), QDDC, and Lustre have been shown to be translatable into Larva. This has two main purposes: first that this allows users familiar with other logics to utilise Larva, and second that the guarantees enjoyed by these logics, will also benefit Larva.


At eleven o'clock on the morning of November 30, 1972, a crowd of nearly 1800-strong gathered in the Hazzard Gymnasium of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, predictably waiting the moment for a final announcement of an action that would later shake the predominantly Black university for almost a year. Seizing the momentum of excitement and expectation was the Black president of the Student Government Association, John Crenshaw, who told the crowd emphatically that "we want a new leadership, Black leadership" to save their "still dying" school and to stay free from "being used by the black and white leadership." In order to accomplish this risk-taking mission, he put forth an ultimatum for the resignation of their Black Chancellor, Dr. Lawrence Davis, along with his three top-ranking Administrative confidants. He simultaneously declared an immediate boycott of classes for an indefinite time until their demand was met. The students' response was spontaneous, positive, and overwhelming, quickly taking the shape of a mass movement, with "sit-ins," "stand-ins," and rallies. During the boycott, no less than seven anonymous bomb threats were received. A conspiracy to harm the life of the Chancellor and a possible F.B.I. investigation thereof became publicly known issues. Rarely had this University seen such a display of the politics of disorder' and self-sacrifice


Information extraction from textual documents such as hospital records and healthrelated user discussions has become a topic of intense interest. The task of medical concept coding is to map a variable length text to medical concepts and corresponding classification codes in some external system or ontology. In this work, we utilize recurrent neural networks to automatically assign ICD-10 codes to fragments of death certificates written in English. We develop end-to-end neural architectures directly tailored to the task, including basic encoder-decoder architecture for statistical translation. In order to incorporate prior knowledge, we concatenate cosine similarities vector among the text and dictionary entry to the encoded state. Being applied to a standard benchmark from CLEF eHealth 2017 challenge, our model achieved F-measure of 85.01% on a full test set with significant improvement as compared to the average score of 62.2% for all official participants approaches.


The representation of colonies in the French parliament is one of the many oddities characterizing France's colonial system. Nothing similar is found in the political institutions of any other European colonial power. This representation is a direct result of the doctrines of the French Revolution, which preached the equality of man irrespective of race, color, or political education. Thus during the years of the National Assembly delegates from Santo Domingo, Martinique, and Guadeloupe were admitted, and on August 22, 1792, all of the colonies were given representation in the national parliament. This equality lasted until the advent of Napoleon and the constitution of the Year VIII, which suppressed the colonial deputies entirely for nearly fifty years. The political idealists of 1848 not only freed all slaves in the colonies, but also gave them the political rights of French citizens. In good Bonapartist tradition, Napoleon III, in 1852, put an end to this political experimentation, and only Algeria participated in the plebiscites of 1852 and 1870. When the Government of National Defense succeeded the Second Empire and by the decree of September 8, 1870, called an election on the basis of the electoral law of March 15, 1849, Algeria and the colonies regained their political representation at Paris; and they have kept it until the present time.


Growth failure is a common feature of children with HIV-1 infection. Clinical efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in children has been well documented in developed countries, but only few data from developing countries. Highly active antiretroviral therapy shows improvement clinical outcome, immune status, growth parameters in HIV infected children, therefore, decrease morbidity, death and improve quality of life children infected with HIV. The objective of this study was to determine nutritional status improvement of child with HIV-1 infection in 12 months HAART in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Allergy-Immunology Division/ Department of Child Health, Udayana University Medical School/Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in July 2013. The growth differences before and after HAART was analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS program. A total of 31 children were analyzed. Generally, rerata parameters of nutritional status were increased at any period of measurement. Changes of nutritional status is seen by comparing the nutritional status parameters within a period of 3 months up to 12 months of observation. There were increasing in the mean of weight/age (W/A) from baseline (-2.30) to 12 weeks (-1.61) (mean difference 0.69; 95% CI 0.37 to 1.00; P<0.001), from 12 weeks (-1.61) to 24 weeks (-1.34) (mean difference 0.27; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.45; P=0.003), from 24 weeks (-1.34) to 36 weeks (-1.09) (mean difference 0.25; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.45; P=0.016) and from 36 weeks (-1.09) to 48 weeks (-1.02) (mean difference 0.07; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.20; P=0.351). The mean of height/age (H/A) were also increasing from baseline (-2.85) to 12 weeks (-2.60) (mean difference 0.25; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.50; P=0.049), from 12 weeks (-2.60) to 24 weeks (-2.22) (mean difference 0.38; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.76; P=0.047), from 24 weeks (-2.22) to 36 weeks (-1.76) (mean difference 0.46; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.77; P<0.001), but from 36 weeks (-1.76) to 48 weeks (-1.84) were decreasing (mean difference -0.08; 95% CI -0.31 to 0.14; P<0.001). It can be concluded that HAART has a positive effect on children's growth in 12 months of observation in the form of an increase in generally W/A and H/A from time to time.


Electronic circuits are too complex to be designed by hand so hardware languages, like Verilog, and Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools are used for these purposes. Two main types of circuits are Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). ASICs require a reset sub-circuit to initialize their state; however, such a procedure is not necessary for FPGAs that support power-on reset. We propose and evaluate a tool that automatically detects and elides reset sub-circuits as part of the Verilog-to-Routing (VTR) CAD flow and in particular Odin II. Also, our tool can be used to decide if a reset sub-circuit has been properly implemented and can point towards memory components that have not been initialized. Such a tool is the first to our knowledge. Our tests with the VTR Verilog benchmarks and other Verilog circuits showed significant reductions in resource consumption on the target FPGAs as much as 25.9% shorter critical path, 90.39% shorter maximum net, 62.84% fewer used logic blocks and 30.87% fewer used routing elements. Also, our approach yielded significant reductions in the execution time of the placement-and-routing algorithm for the elided circuits that were as high as 4.5 times faster VPR execution and 3.35 times faster overall VTR flow execution.


The investigation was carried out in rodales of a forest of P. cubensis belonging to the Managerial Unit of Base Silvicola of Yateras, EFI Guantanamo, with the objective of quantifying the species of mushrooms ectomicorrizicos in a natural forest of P. cubensis, after the application of you prescribed burns. To determine the effects of this about the diversity of species of mushrooms ectomicorrizicos, 4 rectangular parcels of 5 X rose 150m. Starting from those analyses, the following results were obtained: starting from the 15 days they began to appear carpoforos of the species of Suillus sp. and Amanita muscaria, afrter 60 days the analized species wer4e found before applying the burn (Boletussp; Suillusbrevipes (Peck) Kuntze; Suillusdecipiens (Berk. and M.A. you Harden) Kuntze; Suillussp; Amanita muscaria subsp. American (Lange) Singer; LACTARIUS SEMISANGUIFLUUS R. HEIM AND LECLAIR; Scleroderma stellatumBerk) y Pisolithusarhizus (Scop.) Rauschert that was not found before you burn them, these results indicate that the use of prescribed burns of half intensity doesn't affect the dynamics of the mushrooms ectomicorrizicos.


The surfactant Tween 80 is widely used in genotoxicity tests in many test systems to dilute hydrophobic substances that are being investigated. In this work, the possible genotoxic effect of Tween 80 was evaluated by chromosomic aberration test in Allium cepa. Temporary treatments were performed, in which the seeds germinated in ultrapure water were kept for 24 and 72 h in the concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8% of Tween 80. Methane sulfonate (4x10-4 M) was used as a positive control and ultrapure water as a negative control. The roots were fixed in Carnoy and stained using Feulgen method. The slides were prepared using the common method of gentle squashing and approximately 5000 cells were analyzed to each concentration tested and to controls. The mitotic index, chromosomic aberration index and mutagenicity index did not differ statistically from the negative controls, disclosing absence of citotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Tween 80. Therefore, Tween 80 can be used in genotoxic tests, in temporary treatments, using the A. cepa as test organism.


Humans have an exceptional capacity to mentally simulate sensory information of stimuli that are not physically present. This high-level cognitive ability—known as mental imagery—is a multisensory process that exploits internal representations of perception and/or action in working memory (1). Imagery mechanisms are fundamental to the computational functioning of the brain, facilitating predictive processing (2) and guiding future behavior (3). If imagined prospective possibilities are grounded in appropriate mental representations, successful behavior may ensue (3), but if not, psychopathological tendencies may arise (e.g., suicidal "flashforwards") (4). Whether used explicitly (consciously and voluntarily) or implicitly (unconsciously and/or involuntarily), imagery can simulate (absent) sensorimotor information to improve memory and enhance skills (5). However, when imagery is intrusive or uncontrolled, it may signal psychopathology. Involuntary and/or distressing imagery plays a ubiquitous role in the etiology and maintenance of many mental disorders (6) such as OCD (7), PTSD (8), and suicidality (4). Dysfunctional imagery also contributes to maladaptive interpersonal patterns [e.g., Ref. (9)] and reduced capacity for a positive future-orientated outlook (10). Although considerable progress has been made in understanding imagery processes in healthy populations, less is known about these in the clinical domain. Specifically, the mechanisms driving the development, maintenance, and/or treatment of dysfunctional imagery in psychopathology remain largely unresolved (11). So the present paper explains why research on imagery mechanisms is important in understanding certain clinical conditions. Drawing on research on motor imagery (MI), we highlight imagery-related mechanisms involved in clinical disorders with motor components (e.g., compulsions in OCD). It is beyond our scope to investigate imagery content in clinical disorders. Instead, we focus on plausible mechanisms underlying imagery processes in psychopathology. We begin by outlining key characteristics of MI before discussing possible mechanisms driving intrusive images in certain clinical conditions. Implications for treatment are also considered.


Let \({E}_{n}\) be the ring of Eisenstein integers modulo \(n\). We denote by \(G({E}_{n})\) and \(G_{{E}_{n}}\), the unit graph and the unitary Cayley graph of \({E}_{n}\), respectively. In this paper, we obtain the value of the diameter, the girth, the clique number and the chromatic number of these graphs. We also prove that for each \(n>1\), the graphs \(G(E_{n})\) and \(G_{E_{n}}\) are Hamiltonian.


The key to a successful governmental response depends on the extent to which post-disaster human behaviour corresponds to prior governmental expectations and planning. In the aftermath of virtually every disaster situation, a 'gap' exists between the emergent norms that guide social interactions and the bureaucratic procedures that dominate governmental activity. When this gap is large, the relief effort is likely to be viewed as a failure. This argument tries to explain as to why people are not satisfied with the kind of help that is extended by the state machinery. It has been argued that there are largely two sets of norms that operate in the disaster context, namely bureaucratic norms and emergent norms. If there is a gap between these two norms, then people are bound to be dissatisfied with the state's efforts. These norms play a major role in shaping a state's response and people's perception of them. This paper tries to investigate this hypothesis in the context of floods in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.


Intermittent faults are common in daily life and industrial manufacture, which have been drawing much attention from both academia and industry. In practice, intermittent faults will pose a great threat to system performance and equipment safety. Because of the randomness and unpredictability of intermittent faults, it is a great challenge to diagnose them. The fault diagnosis strategy under system-level diagnostic model plays a very important role in measuring the endogenous network security without prior knowledge, which can significantly enhance the self-diagnosing capability of network. However, as the networks become large-scale and complicated, the fault diagnosis using full syndromes from a system-level diagnostic model seems to reach its bottleneck. In this article, we first determine that the intermittent fault diagnosability of a general <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$</tex-math></inline-formula>-regular network <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$</tex-math></inline-formula> under comparison model is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(t^{\text{Intermittent}}(G))^{M}=r-2$</tex-math></inline-formula>. This results can be directly applied to 18 well-known networks. Then, we propose a reliable neural network enabled intermittent fault diagnosis algorithm RNNIFDCom to solve the problem of fault identification with partial syndromes for a general <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$</tex-math></inline-formula>-regular network <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$</tex-math></inline-formula> under comparison model. Finally, we implement our proposed algorithm RNNIFDCom in different networks and analyze its performance under different number of faulty nodes in terms of true positive rate, true negative rate, false positive rate, and false negative rate. The experimental results verify the theoretical results and show the advantage of our proposed algorithm RNNIFDCom.


Increasing the complexity of a light field through the advanced manipulation of its degrees of freedom (DoF) provides new opportunities for fundamental studies and technologies. Correlating polarization with the light's spatial or spectral shape results in so-called spatial or spectral vector beams that are fully polarized and have a spatially or spectrally varying polarization structure. Here, we extend the general idea of vector beams by combining both approaches and structuring a novel state of light in three non-separable DoF's, i.e. space, wavelength, and polarization. We study in detail their complex polarization structure, show that the degree of polarization of the field is only unveiled when the field is narrowly defined in space and wavelength, and demonstrate the analogy to the loss of coherence in non-separable quantum systems. Such light fields allow fundamental studies on the non-separable nature of a classical light field and new technological opportunities, e.g. through applications in imaging or spectroscopy.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have developed into one of the most competitively researched
nano-materials of this decade because of their structural uniqueness and excellent physical
properties such as nanoscale one dimensionality, high aspect ratio, high mechanical strength,
thermal conductivity and excellent electrical conductivity. Mass production and structure
control of CNTs are key factors for a feasible CNT industry. Water and ethanol vapor enhance
the catalytic activity for massive growth of vertically aligned CNTs. A shower system
for gas flow improves the growth of vertically aligned single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) by
controlling the gas flow direction. Delivery of gases from the top of the nanotubes enables
direct and precise supply of carbon source and water vapor to the catalysts. High quality
vertically aligned SWCNTs synthesized using plasma enhance the chemical vapor deposition
technique on substrate with suitable metal catalyst particles. This review provides an introduction
to the concept of the growth of vertically aligned SWCNTs and covers advanced
topics on the controlled synthesis of vertically aligned SWCNTs


ABSTRACT

Ambient air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM) and trace gases is a pressing topic as it affects the vast majority of the world's population, with a particularly heavy influence in densely populated urban environments. Alongside nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM, ammonia (NH3) is also a relevant air pollutant due to its role as a precursor of particulate ammonium. This is a study about the short-term temporal dynamics of urban NH3 concentrations in Munster, northwest Germany, the role of road traffic and agriculture as NH3 sources and about the importance of ammonia for secondary particle formation (SPF). The NH3 mixing ratio was rather high (mean: 17 ppb) compared to other urban areas and showed distinct diurnal maxima around 10 a.m. and during the night at 9 p.m. The main source for ammonia in Munster was agriculture, but road traffic also contributed through local emissions from vehicle catalysts. NH3 from surrounding agricultural areas accumulated in the nocturnal boundary layer and contributed to SPF in the city center. Modeled emissions of NH3 as estimated by the Handbook for Emission Factors in combination with traffic counts were in the same magnitude for NH3. The size-resolved chemical composition of inorganic ions in PM10 was dominated by NH4+ (8.66 µg m-3), followed by NO3- (3.89 µg m-3), SO42- (1.58 µg m-3) and Cl- (1.33 µg m-3). Particles in the accumulation range (diameter: 0.1 – 1 µm) showed the highest inorganic ion concentrations. The ammonium neutralization index J (111 %) indicated an excess of NH4+ leading to mostly alkaline PM. High ammonia emissions from surrounding agricultural areas combined with large amounts of NOx from road traffic play a crucial role for SPF in Munster.


This study aims to determine, explain, and analyze the effect of service quality and store image on photocopier customer satisfaction in Cirebon City. This study uses a verification analysis method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were photocopy consumers in Cirebon City, a sample of 96 respondents was calculated using the hair method. The sampling technique used in this study was accidental sampling, namely taking respondents at random who were suitable as research samples. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a partial or simultaneous influence between service quality and store image on photocopier customer satisfaction in the city of Cirebon.
Keywords: Service quality; Store Image; Consumer Satisfaction


Dice, used with a plural verb, means small cubes marked with one to six dots, used in gambling games. Dice, used with a singular verb, means a gambling game in which these cubes are used. Dice (plural) can also refer to any small cubes, especially cube-shaped pieces of food (Cut the cheese into dice). We review the basic concepts of probability theory, using the axiomatic approach first expounded by A. Kolmogorov. His classic [6] is still an excellent introduction. The axiomatic approach is usually contrasted to the empirical or " Bayesian " approach that seeks to predict real world phenomenon with probabilistic models. Other source books for the axiomatic approach include Feller [3] or the approachable treatment of Chung [2]. Students familiar with probability may simply use this lecture as a reference. Probability in algorithmics arises in two main ways. In one situation, we have a deterministic algorithm whose input space has some probability distribution. We seek to analyze, say, the expected running time of the algorithm. The other situation is when we have an algorithm that makes random choices, and we analyze its behaviour on any input. The first situation is considered less important in algorithmics because we typically do not know the probability distribution on an input space (even if such a distribution exists). By the same token, the second situation derives its usefulness from avoiding any probabilistic assumptions about the input space. Algorithms that make random decisions are said to be randomized and comes in two varieties. In one form, the algorithm may make a small error but its running time is worst-case bounded; in another, the algorithm has no error but only its expected running time is bounded. These are known as Monte Carlo and Las Vegas algorithms, respectively. There is an understandable psychological barrier to the acceptance of unbounded worst-case running time or errors in randomized algorithms. However, it must be realized that the errors in randomized algorithms are controllable by the user – we can make them as small as we like at the expense of more computing time. Should we accept an algorithm with error probability of 2 −99 ? In daily life, we accept and act on information with a much greater uncertainty or likelihood of error than this. More importantly, randomization is, in many situations, the only effective computational tool available to attack intransigent problems. Until recently, the standard example of …


The elastostatic analysis of stress conceritration occurring around discontinuous ( mixed ) boundaiy ofcylindrical shel ] roofs is performed , Firstly as approximate solution , theoretical plane stress and plate solution satist シ ing disoontinuous boundary are derived with eigen function expansion or Muskhelishvili ' s method of 恥 bert ploblem . Seoondly FE analysis isperfbrmed , And Stress Resultant Intensity Factors ( SRIF , like sUress intensity factor in 仕acmre mechanics ) are calculated fbr various 出 ickness or open angle models . Stresses around discontinuous boundary show singular behavior of i1 、 厂r ( r is distance f セ om dis ◎ ontinuous point ) which is same to one ofcrack problem . SmaHer thickness increases In − Plane SRIF but decreases Bending SRIF . Larger open angle decreases Bending SRIF . 【nfluence ofopen angle to In − Plane SR 夏 F depends on the combination of boundary conditions . KayivordS .'


The United States has long served as a magnet for ta lented scient is ts , engineers and mathematicians from China and India. This attraction has proven controversial, both in Asia and in the United States. Economic nationalists in China and India have long complained that the "brain drain" damaged their countries' ability to compete and slowed economic development by skimming off the best talent. For their part, critics in the United States claimed that foreign workers arriving on H-1B visas displaced U.S. knowledge workers and pushed down wages for this class of employment.


In 1992, the Union of World Scientists (numbering 1500) issued a first 'Warning to Humanity' which stated that 'great change in our stewardship of the Earth and the life on it is required, if vast human misery is to be avoided'. They called for stabilization of the world's population, substantial reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the phasing out of fossil fuels, reducing deforestation, and resisting destruction of biodiversity. On a recent silver jubilee of that warning, the same Union issued a second warning (signed by 150,000 scientists) summoning urgent action now.1


The paper studies the current status of primary school PE teachers' qualifications in Wenshan Miao Nationality Autonomous State by analyzing teachers' age,length of teaching,education background,technical titles and further education status using mathematical statistics and advances corresponding suggestions which can provide reference for personnel reform in primary school PE teachers' qualifications in Wenshan Miao Nationality Autonomous State.


Professor Braithwaite's inaugural lecture, here published in book form,1 is a trial run at a Platonic definition of the concept of dianemetic justice; or, as he himself would put it, a rational reconstruction of the concept "sensible-prudent-and-fair". Aristotle left it that dianemetic justice was an equality and a matter of ratios. A just distribution of őoα µεριστ? τoς κoινωνoσι τς πoλιτείαѕ2 (Greek for "Co-operators' Surplus") was one in which each had an equitable share, no one having either more or less than he should. Professor Braithwaite goes further and replaces Aristotle's ordered scale of the-more-and-the-less in which only imprecise and unhelpful answers could be given, by a numerical scale in which he can frame the question "Exactly how much is a fair share?" and propound his s own solution.


This paper discusses a spatial-temporal data model applied to land subdivision. Time as a basic feature of geographic entity and the method for studying geographic time in GIS have been described. Some basic ideas for designing a spatial-temporal data model have been presented in the light of storage management and spatial-temporal semantics.


Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a core platform for the analysis of tissue samples, and there is an increasing demand for reliable and quantitative IHC‐based tissue biomarkers in oncology clinical research and development (R&D) environments. Biomarker assay and drug development proceed in parallel. Furthermore, biomarker assay requirements change with each phase of drug development. We have therefore developed a matrix tool to enable researchers to evaluate whether a particular IHC biomarker assay is fit for purpose. Experience gained from the development of 130 IHC biomarkers, supporting a large number of oncology drug projects, was used to formulate a practical approach to IHC assay development. The resultant matrix grid and accompanying work flow incorporates 16 core decision points that link antibody and assay specificity and sensitivity, and assay performance in preclinical and clinical samples, with stages of drug development. The matrix provides a means to ensure that relevant information on an IHC assay in development is recorded and communicated consistently and that minimum assay validation requirements are met. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recently, autonomous mobile robots have gained popularity in the modern world due to their relevance technology and application in real world situations. The global market for mobile robots will grow significantly over the next 20 years. Autonomous mobile robots are found in many fields including institutions, industry, business, hospitals, agriculture as well as private households for the purpose of improving day-to-day activities and services. The development of technology has increased in the requirements for mobile robots because of the services and tasks provided by them, like rescue and research operations, surveillance, carry heavy objects and so on. Researchers have conducted many works on the importance of robots, their uses, and problems. This article aims to analyze the control system of mobile robots and the way robots have the ability of moving in real-world to achieve their goals. It should be noted that there are several technological directions in a mobile robot industry. It must be observed and integrated so that the robot functions properly: Navigation systems, localization systems, detection systems (sensors) along with motion and kinematics and dynamics systems. All such systems should be united through a control unit; thus, the mission or work of mobile robots are conducted with reliability.


disorders, shedding light on the mechanisms that drive malignant transformation and disease progression. In parallel, immunogenetics also offers valuable insights into the interactions occurring within the tumor microenvironment and the intricate communication between bystander immune cells and tumor cells. This, in turn, establishes the basis for patient-speci fi c immunotherapeutic interventions