The goal of this work was to assess escape behaviour in individuals of sand dune lizards (Liolaemus multimaculatus) varying in degree of research disturbance. When searching for individuals in the field, the distance between the observer and the lizard before it started escaping (AD) and the distance between the lizards and the closest shelter (DCS), were compared in a disturbed and an undisturbed site. Disturbance was caused by three years research in which lizards were captured, marked and recaptured. The AD averaged 186 cm at the disturbed site and 330 cm at the undisturbed site, whereas the DCS averaged 1,609 cm at the disturbed site and 2,008 cm at the undisturbed site. Both variables showed significant differences between sites (p<0.05). This study supports the idea that research activities that involve manipulation of animals can affect their behaviour.


1. Device (1) for alignment of the conveyor belt, comprising a support frame (2) mounted on a supporting beam (3), with substantially horizontal rotation about a first axis (4), said supporting frame (2) comprises a frame formed by a cross member (6) and the lever (8) extending from the cross member (6), at least one supporting roller (10) of the conveyor belt, mounted on the cross member (6) of the support frame (2), a guide roller (14, 15) mounted on the crossbar (16) which is mounted on the lever (8) of the support frame (2 ) Pivotable about a second axis (18), said guide roller (14, 15) arranged to cooperate with one of the longitudinal edges of the conveyor belt; member of the coupling rod (20) extending between the support beam (3) supporting frame (2) and transverse beam (16) in such a way that when the crosspiece (16) remains substantially perpendicular to the center line of the conveyor belt, wherein that the device (1) comprising distance adjusting means (19) between the first axis (4) of the support frame and the second axis (18) of the transverse beams (16) and distance adjusting means between the second axis (18) of the transverse beams (16) and the central axis ( 26) of rotation of the guide roller (14, 15), said Supplementary Accessories va adjusting the distance (19) between the first axis (4) and a second axis (18) are formed by adjustable length of the lever (8) and adjustable along the length of the connecting rod member extending between the support beam (3) supporting frame (2) and transverse beam ( 16), and said means for adjusting the distance between the second axis (18) of the transverse beams (16) and the central axis (26) of the guide roller (14, 15)


The irrigation of fields in the rural andalusi world is very important. It creates an agriculture, in reality an "agroecosystem," of high productivity. But it coexists with another previous agroecosystem, arising from the Mediterranean ecosystem, wherein both are inserted. The weight of water in the agriculture of the al-Andalus must not be regarded absolutely since there are other economical lines characteristic of the Mediterranean agroecosystem and of the ecosystem itself. The relations between all these structures are fundamental.


ABSTRACT The paper empirically investigates the extent to which environmental factors affect the intermediation performance of the financial superstructure in Nigeria. A number of intermediation-environmental models were constructed and estimated against annual Nigerian data from 1970 to 2000. Among the various environments of financial intermediation, the socio-political environment, the regulatory environment, and the eco-financial environment exert very great influences on the operations of the financial superstructure. This is based on the evidence from the results, which revealed the socio-political index, regulatory index, and foreign exchange market variables as the most critical predictors of the financial intermediation-output-related index. Other factors such as inflation, taxation, financial market imperfection, and the growth rate of the economy appear not to exert statistically significant effects on the intermediation operations of the financial superstructure. Generally, the utility of the specified models was satisfied as indicated by the results of the global statistics.


A field surveywas conducted and soil samples were taken from the oil palm plantation in Ogijan village in Odeda local government area of Ogun state to find out the kinds of nematodes that are associated with the oil palm rhizosphere and to determine their population densities, as well as, the generato which they belong. The soil samples were taken to the Crop protection laboratory of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta immediately for nematode extraction using the Whitehead and Hemmings (1965) modification of Baerman Tray method. The nematode suspension was viewed under the stereo microscope to determine their population density and later under the compound microscope to know the genera to which they belong. The result shows more of plant parasiticnematodes of different genera than the non-plant parasitic nematodes.


We give some details about the stationary phase lemma. We first prove a special case where the high order terms are derived explicitly. Based on that, we prove a more general case by using Morse lemma.


Tetraphenylporphyrin and its cobalt complex were synthesized under different conditions and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The influences of catalyst, solvent, and temperature on the yield of tetraphenylporphyrin were investigated. The effect of heat treatment on structure of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin at different temperatures was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cathodic polarization curves of air electrode loaded with cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin were measured to evaluate the performance of heat-treated catalysts. The results showed that using p-nitrobenzoic acid as catalyst and nitrobenzene as solvent, the yield of tetraphenylporphyrin was about 32% at 200 ℃. The moiety Co-N_4 of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin was in a critical state under 600 ℃ heat treatment but was destroyed partly at 800 ℃. Thus the catalytic activity of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin heat-treated at 600 ℃ was higher than that heat-treated at 800 ℃.


Microwave spectroscopy of high-{ital L} (0,1){ital nL}{sub {ital N}} Rydberg states of H{sub 2}, with 26{le}{ital n}{le}30 is reported. The results show a strong perturbation at {ital n}=28 due to the nearly degenerate (0,3)16{ital L}{sub {ital N}} states. Mixing between members of these two Rydberg series results in energy perturbations that can be measured quite precisely ({le}1%) from the microwave spectra and that are found to be in good agreement with {ital a} {ital priori} predictions based on the interseries matrix elements of the polarization potential. The connection between this use of the polarization potential and the systematic derivation of the polarization model from perturbation theory is discussed.


Ague is a picturesque word dating back to the thirteenth century and used to describe a malarial fever associated with paroxysms of sweating, feeling hot and cold and with fits. It is believed to derive from the old French ague meaning an acute fever, which in turn arises from "febris acuta", the Latin word to describe the same condition. James Fenimore Cooper, the early nineteenth century American author and naval man, to whom we shall remain indebted as the writer of The Last of the Mohicans, wrote;


A new stabilizing technique for synchronous electric machines is presented. The method uses an external series controller (utilizing silicon-controlled rectifiers) which affects the synchronizing torque. Experimental studies on a 5-hp (horsepower) synchronous machine confirm the results of theoretical performance calculations. The primary advantage of the new method is in applications where more conventional stabilizing methods fail. A normally unstable doubly fed double-speed synchronous machine has been successfully stabilized by this technique.


The current study examines the effect of board independence on earnings quality of the companies listed in the Tehran stock exchange (TSE). It makes use of the collected data from 165 companies quoted in the TSE during a period from 2005 to 2010. Regression and forward statistical method was applied to conduct the study. The findings indicate that earnings quality increases in the companies with higher proportion of non-executive directors. Also, the significance of the relationship between executive directors and earnings quality is lower than the relationship between non-executive directors and the reported earnings quality. Furthermore, in the companies where there is no duality-chairman, earnings quality decreases. The impact of firm size on the increase of earnings quality is confirmed, being positive and significant. The relationship between the leverage ratio and earnings quality is confirmed, being negative and significant though. Moreover, earnings quality is higher in privately owned companies compared with publicly owned companies.

 Key words: Earnings quality, nonexecutive board, executive board, board independence, duality-chairman.


More than 90% of cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are caused by mutations of the CYP21 gene. Approximately 75% of the defective CYP21 genes are generated through an intergenic recombination with the neighbouring CYP21P pseudogene. Among them, a mutation of IVS2 − 12A/C → G of the aberrant splicing donor at nucleotide (nt) 655 1 is reported to be the most prevalent in CYP21 among all ethnic groups. 2 The mutation spectrum, such as I172N, Q318X and R356W, commonly appears in all populations, 2 although the relative distribution can vary somewhat in different races. These pseudogene-derived mutations of I236N, V237E and M239K in exon 6, which are rarely occurring gene conversions, are associated with the most severe, salt-wasting form of CAH. 3 However, a recent study by Robins et al . 4 provided evidence that not all amino acid substitutions of the common cluster E6 mutation in CYP21 cause CAH. They pointed out that V237E abolished enzyme function, whereas very low but measurable activity remained for I236N; M239K had no effect on enzyme activity and consequently does not cause CAH. The combination of cluster E6 is thought to be transferred together from the CYP21P gene in a continuous stretch of DNA to the CYP21 gene through recombination at meiosis. However, this assumption may not be correct. Herein, we present the case of a Chinese CAH patient with a defective CYP21 gene carrying mutations at two loci (I236N and V237E) without M239K in exon 6 in one chromosome. The patient clinically showed ambiguous genitalia with clitorimegaly apparently without a salt-wasting feature. Before medication, biochemical findings revealed Na + of 136 mmol/ l and K + of 4·8 mmol/ l. Hormonal determinations revealed higher renin activity (> 20 μ g / l /h; reference range 0·72–12 μ g / l /h) and elevated 17-OHP (> 60 nmol/ l; reference range 1·4–7·0 nmol/ l), testosterone (1·96 nmol/ l; reference range < 0·1 nmol/ l), and ACTH (51·5 pmol/ l; reference range < 4·4–20 pmol/ l) concentrations. Molecular genetic analysis of CYP21 was performed using the 6·2kb polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment (Fig. 1a) encompassing the TNXB gene and the 5 ′ end of the CYP21 gene; 5 this was followed by the secondary PCR product of amplification-created


The emission of single nucleons by the scattering of electrons from nuclei is investigated. Centre-of-mass and relative coordinates are used since this avoids the Gartenhaus-Schwartz transformation and associated difficulties. The Hamiltonian describing the interaction between the electron and the nucleons is expanded in multipoles, and it is found possible to perform several of the summations over final- state angular momentum quantum numbers. The resulting formulae are applied to the electrodisintegration of 12C, and comparison is made with experiment. It is of interest that, as regards the position of the maximum in the cross section, agreement with experiment is improved by introduction of a final-state interaction, which is taken to be real and central. However, the magnitude of the cross section is about twice as large as the experimental value, even allowing for uncertainties in the experimental result.


Background: Ageing is a biological process and not a disease or curse, and during the biological process significant changes occur in human body. However ageing is inevitable, irreversible and progressive. Developing countries, like India, are likely to face an enormous burden of NCDs in future and the condition like hypertension is one of the most important treatable causes of mortality and morbidity amongst the elderly population. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Hypertension amongst the Geriatric Population in a rural area of Katihar and find out the risk factors of Hypertension amongst the geriatric population in that particular area. Material & Methods: A Community based cross sectional study was conducted during January 2017 to December 2017 at Hajipur village under Hajipur RHTC (which is the rural field practice area under Department of Community Medicine, Katihar Medical College). The criteria of diagnosis of hypertension and method of blood pressure measurement for each participant were followed as per JNC 7 recommendations. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among the study subjects (262) was found 47.7% Prevalence of hypertension was high among age group ≥80 years and statistically significant association was observed between the gender& type of family and prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was higher among widow 64.8%, illiterate 53.3%, upper middle socioeconomic class (60%) and non-vegetarian (47.8%). Conclusion: There is need of awareness through Behavior change communication or other strategies about hypertension, particularly focusing on prevention by recognition of important risk factors and lifestyle modification.


Distribution system is more prone to power losses as compared with the other part of the power system. Optimal integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution system results in reduced power losses and improved bus voltages. In this paper, a combination of two well-known techniques namely teaching learning (TL) and harmony search (HS), known as teaching learning combined with harmony search (TLCHS) algorithm has been used to determine the appropriate sizes and locations of DG in distribution network considering power loss reduction and improvement in system voltage profile as the key objectives. In TLCHS algorithm, some strategies such as teaching-learning strategy, random mutation, local pitch adjustment and harmony memory consideration are employed for maintaining the balance between exploitation and exploration, and the parameters are changed dynamically. The TLCHS technique is applied to IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test distribution networks and obtained results are compared with other well-established algorithms available in the literature which show the effectiveness and robustness of the TLCHS algorithm.


Since all space weather originates in and on the Sun, forecasters need continuous, long-term, consistent, and reliable solar data as a foundation for useful predictions. An effective strategy to obtain nearly continuous solar data is the use of a ground-based network of identical observing instruments geographically distributed so that gaps from nighttime, weather, and instrumental problems are reduced. For example, NASA established the Solar Particle Alert Network (SPAN) in 1965, and the U.S. Air Force set up the Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON, http://www. afweather.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=16522) and the Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) in 1976. Networks also have a long history in the field of helioseismology, including the UK BiSON (Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network) and U.S. GONG (Global Oscillation Network Group, http://gong.nso.edu/) networks. GONG is also a major supplier of space weather data to the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). While space platforms can provide nearly continual solar observations that are also free of terrestrial atmospheric limitations, ground-based networks have several distinct advantages, including costs, repair and upgrade, and less stringent telemetry restrictions. The SOONandGONGnetworks currently used to supply data to space weather providers are aging and facing challenges to their operational funding. In addition, a number of new scientific research directions in solar physics motivate the desire for a new ground-based network. For example, there is a growing need for multiwavelength measurements to provide observations of wave propagation and the vector magnetic field as a function of height in the solar atmosphere. For magnetic field measurements, it is essential to know the direction and strength of the field above the photosphere for accurate coronal field extrapolations and to reliably remove the azimuthal ambiguity. Understanding of the generation, transport, and evolution of solar magnetic fields would make significant progress with the availability of continual long-term multiwavelength observations. Given these motivations, a workshop was held in April 2013 at the High Altitude Observatory to discuss and gather community input on science requirements, capabilities, and instrumentation for a next-generation synoptic network of solar observing instruments. Thirty-six scientists and engineers attended the meeting, representing space weather agencies, solar physics research institutes, observatories, government agencies, and international organizations. A broad range of topics in addition to, and related to, space weather was covered, including radio observations, coronal science, helioseismology, vector magnetic field studies, irradiance, and solar cycle behavior. Several instrumental concepts were presented as well. Most of the presentations, together with the participant list, can be found at https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/docs/ 2013-synoptic-network. Therewere twomajor outcomes of theworkshop. Thefirst was the realization that each network location should not house a single device to provide all observations but should be composed of individual specialized instruments on a common pointing platform. An example of a multi-instrument platform concept is shown in Figure 1. This approach has several advantages: fewer compromises for scientific requirements within a single instrument; more flexibility in funding and schedules; ability to have different instrument suites at different sites to exploit specific observing conditions (e.g., coronal, radio observations); relaxation of stringent scientific requirements for space weather forecast data; and lower initial cost to provide only a pointing platform, infrastructure, and one instrument. The other major outcome was an expressed desire for a new international organization to foster synoptic solar observations. Some entities are already in existence that touch upon the topic, such as NASA's International Living With A Star (ILWS) program, the World Meteorological Organization, and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) working group on Coordination of Synoptic Observations of the Sun. However, there was some opinion that a more visible effort was required. There is considerable interest in a new synoptic network in Europe, as demonstrated by the SPRING (Solar Physics Research Integrated Network Group) work package in the recently funded SOLARNET program (http://www.solarnet-east.eu/) and led by the Kiepenheuer-Institut fur Sonnenphysik. Workshop participants recognized that it will be a challenge to locate the resources to develop and construct


OBJECTIVE
To quantify the amount of protection from cisplatin (CDDP)-induced mortality and toxicity provided by sodium thiosulphate (STS).

DESIGN
Prospective controlled animal study.

SETTING
Animal research facility.

METHOD
Nephrotoxicity, myelotoxicity, and auditory/neurotoxicity were studied in guinea pigs. Total CDDP doses of 15, 21, 25, 35, and 45 mg/kg were administered to animals in groups of five. In some groups, STS (8000 mg/kg) was given. Animals underwent bloodwork and auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing to estimate toxicity before and 1 month after treatment.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and white blood cell count were used to assess renal and myelotoxicity. Hearing was assessed with ABR thresholds to click stimuli. Survival was an overall measure of toxicity.

RESULTS
Forty guinea pigs in six treatment groups were studied. Animals given 21 mg/kg CDDP all died within 1 month and showed evidence of severe toxicity. Eighty percent of subjects treated with CDDP 15 mg/kg survived and showed evidence of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Subjects treated with STS and CDDP showed survival comparable to the control group treated with CDDP 15 mg/kg. Under STS protection, CDDP was tolerated in doses three times the toxic dose without protection. Without STS, the maximum dose of CDDP tolerated for a month was 15 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONS
STS protects against mortality owing to CDDP by reducing toxicity. Under STS protection, the maximum tolerated dose of CDDP is greatly increased in guinea pigs.


Copyright © Korean Carbon Society http://carbonlett.org One of the most acute problems in studying composite stress-strain states is determining the initial residual stresses during the design of layered construction elements. The full stress–strain state of composite constructions consists of the initial (generated during the manufacturing process) and operating (generated during the working period) stages. A thorough investigation of the initial stage of the stress-strain state is very important to finding the total stresses and deformations, and determining the correct destruction time of composite structures, and preventing their destruction. Otherwise, if the initial stresses and deformations are not taken into account, the structures may be destroyed long before their expected service life. Structural factors and conditions, such as the thickness, layup and technological errors, need to be analyzed to solve the initial stress-strain state relevant problem. Among them, one of the technological errors is the disorientation angle, which is expressed as a deviation of the composite layers from the initially given laying directory. Of particular interest is the influence of design factors on the face composite layers and the layers near them since those layers are strongly influenced by different loads and may be destroyed prematurely. The disorientation angle of the face layers was investigated from this perspective. This paper takes into account the disorientation angle, structure types, and thickness, and using this information, we aim to provide more information about predicting composite destruction, by finding the residual thermal stress values for the whole composite construction. Previous researches [1-6] have explained the influence of different conditions on the stress-strain state of composite structures. Wong [1] studied the thermal stresses in the discrete joints of sandwiched structures by employing a two-step solution for modeling the stresses in the discrete joints of a sandwiched structure resulting from mismatched thermal expansion. Furthermore, Shokrieh et al. [2] studied the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the thermal residual stresses in polymeric fibrous composites. Węglewski et al. [3] presented the results of experimental measurements and numerical modeling of the effect of particle size on the residual thermal stresses arising in sintered metal–matrix composites after cooling down from the fabrication temperature. Additionally, Ondurucu and Topcu [4] carried out a thermal elastic-plastic stress analysis for thermoplastic laminated plates. The elastic-plastic solution for small plastic deformations, and the residual stress distributions along the thickness of the plates were obtained. Liu and Sun [5] analytically researched the effect of thermal residual stresses on the elastoplastic behavior of the composites. Moreover, Kim et al. [6] investigated the curing process for carbon/epoxy composites to reduce thermal residual stress by the cure monitoring system, using dielectrometry and fiber Bragg grating sensors simultaneously. By reviewing these previous studies, it becomes clear that nearly all of them focus primarily on relationships between the thermal stresses and the constituent/structure of the composites, the elastoplasticity and so on; however, it also becomes evident that the influence of structural factors on the stress-strain state of composites has not been not well studied. Given the lack of research in that area, one of our aims is to address this gap in knowledge. This paper focuses on the dependencies between the thermal residual stress and the disoriDOI: http://dx.doi.org/ DOI:10.5714/CL.2017.21.098


Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common indications for antibiotic therapy. As antibiotic resistance continues to grow, it is critical to identify those at higher risk for drug-resistant (DR) UTIs to guide empiric therapy, improve clinical outcomes, and limit costs of care. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for DR UTI and develop a risk scoring tool which could aid in empiric antibiotic prescribing. Methods Single-center retrospective pilot study of adult patients treated for UTI from August 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016. Patients who had asymptomatic bacteriuria, were pregnant within 4 months of admission, or had improperly collected urine cultures were excluded. DR was defined as phenotypic resistance to at least 1 agent in 3 or more antibiotic classes commonly used to treat UTIs. Risk factors for DR UTI were derived from previously published literature and multivariable logistic regression of individual patient data (IPD). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were developed by combining ORs from previous literature and IPD. A scoring tool was derived from weight-proportional integer-adjusted coefficients of the predictive model aORs. Results Risk factors were derived from 9 previously published studies and adapted using IPD (N = 77) and included: long-term care (aOR = 4.31), prior hospitalization (aOR = 1.8), previous antibiotics (aOR = 4.33), advanced age (aOR = 1.12), urinary catheterization (aOR = 2.2), immune suppression (aOR = 1.6), and male sex (aOR = 2.56). Previous DR UTI was forced into the model (OR = 1.1). Baseline incidence of DR UTI was 28.7%. A risk score from 1 to 20 was developed and applied to IPD and demonstrated an area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.625 (95% CI 0.484–0.767). Removing sex from the score produced an AUROC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.497–783). A sensitivity analysis applying the score to only urinary isolates that exhibited resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (13.8%) produced similar results. Conclusion Residence in long-term care and previous antibiotics were among the risk factors most closely associated with DR UTI. Considering cumulative risk scores may be useful in predicting DR UTI however the current study was hindered by a large degree of heterogeneity in previous literature. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Background and objectivesMedication safety events are predominant contributors to suboptimal graft outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. The goal of this studywas to examine the efficacy of improvingmedication safety through a pharmacist-led, mobile health–based intervention. Design, setting, participants, &measurements Thiswas a 12-month, single-center, prospective, parallel, two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Adult kidney recipients 6–36 months post-transplant were eligible. Participants randomized to intervention received supplemental clinical pharmacist–led medication therapy monitoring and management via a mobile health–based application, integrated with risk-guided televisits and home-based BP and glucose monitoring. The application provided an accurate medication regimen, timely reminders, and side effect surveys. Both the control and intervention arms received usual care, including serial laboratorymonitoring and regular clinic visits. The coprimary outcomeswere to assess the incidence and severity of medication errors and adverse events. Results In total, 136 kidney transplant recipients were included, 68 in each arm. The mean age was 51 years, 57%weremale, and 64%were Black individuals. Participants receiving the intervention experienced a significant reduction in medication errors (61% reduction in the risk rate; incident risk ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.55; P,0.001) and a significantly lower incidence risk of Grade 3 or higher adverse events (incident risk ratio, 0.55, 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.99; P50.05). For the secondary outcome of hospitalizations, the intervention arm demonstrated significantly lower rates of hospitalizations (incident risk ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.77; P50.005). ConclusionsWe demonstrated a significant reduction in medication errors, adverse events, and hospitalizations using a pharmacist-led, mobile health–based intervention. CJASN 16: 776–784, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.15911020 Introduction Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option over dialysis for patients with kidney failure, due to its beneficial effect on cost and patient survival. With the total number of kidney transplant recipients alive today approaching 250,000, follow-up care has becomemore complex due to increasing age and chronic health conditions, coupled with the fragmented health care system in the United States. The use of contemporary immunosuppression has produced a substantial decrease in the incidence of acute rejection, which has dropped to a current 1-year rate of roughly 8%. However, improvements in long-term graft survival have remained relatively stagnant (1–3). Immunosuppression adverse events (AEs) and rejection as a result of medication nonadherence are among the chief contributors to suboptimal graft survival (4–6). Although modern immunosuppressive agents are highly effective, the toxicity burden and relative complexity of these regimens leave transplant recipients vulnerable to developing AEs and medication safety issues, including medication errors (7). Previous research demonstrated that medication errors occur in as many as two thirds of kidney transplant recipients, and result in the hospitalization of one in every eight recipients (2,8). Further, clinically significant medication errors were linked to a considerably higher risk of graft loss, AEs, readmissions, and acute rejections (9). We demonstrated a correlation between medication errors and immunosuppression AEs, with patients experiencing medication errors at 2.3-fold higher risk of developing multiple AEs (P50.02) (8). These studies highlight the need for innovative approaches to improve medication safety in patients who are high risk, such as kidney transplant recipients. Supplemental support of medical and public health practices using mobile devices, such as mobile phones, has emerged as a new pathway for Department of


The traditional sampling-based algorithm such as Rapidly Random-exploring Tree (RRT) and various varieties have achieved tremendous success in the area of path planning. However, their excessive exploration in the state space leads to long time to find the optimal solution, large memory usage and cannot guarantee the quality of the planned path(generally evaluated by the cost of search time and the length of path) in sophisticated space. In this article, we propose an optimal path planning algorithm based on heuristic non-uniform sampling, namely the HNSRRT*, which successfully plans path in complex obstacle environments with optimal length and minimum time cost. The HNSRRT* utilizes heuristic function to generate non-uniform sampling distribution by Gaussian distribution,and constraints on sampling points can reduce the time wasted and path length increase caused by excessive exploration. We test the proposed HNSRRT* in 2D and 3D complex obstacle environment,comparing it with the three traditional sampling-base algorithms. The simulation results indicated that the effectiveness and efficiency of HNSRRT* and have an obvious improvement in term of time cost, path length compared with the existing algorithms.


We humans have the ability to follow others' gaze and estimate their gaze targets, which is called gaze following. In social communication, we are constantly doing gaze following to gain more information. With the development of society, gaze following has gained more significant applications, such as offline retail and assistive healthcare. To automate the process of gaze following, people hope that computers can also acquire this ability. However, there are relatively few relevant studies in the field of computer vision, and many studies have failed to focus on image features that are helpful for gaze following. In this paper, we propose a gaze following method based on attention mechanism, which enables the gaze direction estimation network to focus on more effective spatial features and the saliency estimation network to focus on more effective channel features. By concatenating the two networks, we ultimately obtain the predicted heatmap of the gaze point. The experimental results show that our method can effectively improve the performance of gaze following.


This paper discusses a method of computational system rehabilitation for patients with aphasia. First, we discuss how to use smart devices for home aphasia rehabilitation based on the language ability approach. The system uses Tablet PC for rehabilitation device by its multi-modal communication interface. The system consists of use registration phase, photo registration phase, rehabilitation phase and evaluation phase. In the rehabilitation phase, this paper proposed exercise on recall from visual information to text information and that on recall from text information to visual information. Finally, we show preliminary experimental results of the proposed system, and discuss the future direction of computational system rehabilitation.


The plan to relocate the Indonesian capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan Province in 2024 requires a significant amount of 442 trillion Rupiah to construct various new capital infrastructure such as roads for transportation. This study aims to analyze the funding scheme for new capital road construction projects in Indonesia using two alternative financing, namely the National Budget and Public-Private Partnership (PPP). This study used quantitative methods with a scenario analysis approach to determine the best funding scheme based on regional economic growth and financial viability. This study did not consider the project management factors during the construction period and the quality factors of the roads built during the concession period. The results showed that road construction projects in the new capital city can be implemented using two financing schemes. The National Budget financing scheme will increase the percentage of the budget deficit to GDP in the first five years of development. The financing scheme through PPP can help the government overcome the budget deficit but requires the resilience of the government's budget during the project concession period.


The automatic recognition of stop and nasal consonants is known to be a difficult recognition task. This paper presents various techniques that can be used to improve the discrimination of stop and nasal consonants. An improved spectral representation for stop consonants is proposed, which unlike other feature representations, emphasizes the mid‐to‐high regions of the spectrum. A subspace projection approach, which is used as a preprocessing step in a hidden Markov model based system, is also proposed for improved nasal discrimination. This approach finds a transformation matrix which maps the original nasal observation onto a subspace such that the ''distance'' between the nasals is maximized on the subspace. Two statistical distance measures are investigated for finding the transformation matrix, namely the divergence and the Bhattacharyya measures. Results on stop and nasal consonant recognition will be presented using the subspace approach and the improved spectral stop representation.


Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of childhood blindness in developing countries. Aim: To report the spectrum of ROP and associated risk factors in babies weighing > 1250 g at birth in a developing country. Setting and Design: Institutional, retrospective, non-randomized, observational clinical case series. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis (10 years) of 275 eyes (138 babies) with ROP. Statistical Analysis: Qualitative data with the Chi-square test. Quantitative data using the unpaired t test or the ANOVA and further tested using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The mean birth weight was 1533.9 g (range 1251 to 2750 g) and the mean period of gestation was 30.9 weeks (range 26 to 35). One hundred and twenty-four of 275 eyes (45.1%) had threshold or worse ROP. Risk factors for threshold or worse disease were, ′outborn babies′ ( P < 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome ( P = 0.007) and exchange transfusion ( P = 0.003). The sensitivity of the American and British screening guidelines to pick up threshold or worse ROP in our study group was 82.4% and 77.4% respectively. Conclusions: Severe ROP is often encountered in babies weighing greater than 1250 g at birth in developing countries. Western screening guidelines may require modifications before application in developing countries.


Flight control, banking, medical, and other high assurance systems have a strict requirement on correct operation. Fundamental to this is the enforcement of non-interference where particular subsystems should not affect one another. In an effort to help guarantee this policy, recent work has emerged with tracking information flows at the hardware level. This article uses a specific method known as gate-level information flow tracking (GLIFT) to provide a methodology for testing information flows in two common bus protocols, I2C and USB. We show that the protocols do elicit unintended information flows and provide a solution based on time division multiple access (TDMA) that provably isolates devices on the bus from these flows. This paper also discusses the overheads in area and simulation time incurred by this TDMA based solution.


Objective: To establish a rapid RP-HPLC method for determination of norvancomycin plasma level. Methods: The pretreatment of the blood samples was simply sedimentation with 10% ZnSO 4. Then the sample was separated on Diamonsil TM C 18 column with a mixture of methanol and KH 2PO 4 buffer solution (24∶76) as the mobile phase. The UV detector wavelength was set to 236 nm and sensitivity was 0.015 AUFS. The experiment data were treated with Gilson 715 chromatographic workstation and calculated by peak area and external standard method. Results: A linearity was obtained within the range of norvancomycin concentrations from 0.5-60 μg/ml ( r=0.999 8, n =6), the inspect limitation was 0.2 μg/ml (S/N≥2), and the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 6%. Conclusion: It appears to be a rapid, convenient and accurate method for determination of the norvancomycin concentrations in plasma.


Gongronella is known as soil-borne fungi. During a survey of fungi in southwest China, four strains of the genus Gongronella were isolated from soil. One strain was identified as G. butleri, while the other three were proposed as a new species, Gongronella sichuanensis based on morphological observation as well as a phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU sequence data. The new taxon was described, illustrated and compared with known species. Meanwhile, the key of the genus Gongronella was updated and provided in this paper.


The invention relates to a gas composition containing argon gas for inhalation by use for preventing or treating at least one neurologic consequences that might result from septic shock in a patient.


Summary Neuroblastoma cells from 8 children and dissociated human sympathetic nerve cells from 10 fetuses were grown in tissue culture. Sympathetic nerve cells from all of the fetuses and 5 of 8 neuroblastomas rapidly incorporated H3-norepinephrine or its precursor, H3-dopamine. There was a more rapid turnover of these catecholamines in the tumor cells than in the normal fetal human sympathetic nerve cells. Three neuroblastomas showed little or no incorporation of these amines.


Abstract Let 𝐴 be a finite group acting by automorphisms on the finite group 𝐺. We introduce the commuting graph Γ(G,A)\Gamma(G,A) of this action and study some questions related to the structure of 𝐺 under certain graph theoretical conditions on Γ(G,A)\Gamma(G,A).


This paper briefly describes the key features of Sears Tower, a technological marvel of the 20 th century. The 110 storied Sears Tower is an engineering wonder of the world. Sears Tower is 204 feet taller than the Empire State Building but weighs far less than 223,000 tons. 42-inch deep steel beams at each floor level brace the columns of this huge structure. The major "plant floors" contain electrical sub-stations, water and air-handling machinery and elevator hoist motors. There are 28 double–decker elevators travelling at 1600 fpm, for the users of floors above the 34 th floor. Since each bank of single-decker elevators only serves a small group of floors, people can change between local elevators in transfer floors at levels 10, 17, 23, 42 and 49.


This review revealed that heavy metals are naturally components of the soil orchestrated by weathering processes and that the abundance of these metals in our soil environment nowadays is due to numerous anthropogenic activities. These heavy metals are in two major categories namely the essential and non- essential ones. The essential heavy metals are needed in trace amount by living things for their physiological processes. But at higher concentration, it is hazardous in plants and animals. On the other hand, the non essential ones aredangerous to plants and animals even at low concentrations. This write-up further showed that soil pH, organic carbon, available P, oxides, effective cation exchange capacity, moisture content, oxidation-reduction state of the metals, ion exchange and sorption capacity of the metals are some of the soil factors influencing the fate and availability of the heavy metals. At lower levels of these soil factors, heavy metal ions are rendered free in the solution thereby making them available to plant and underground water. However, the most prominent soil factor influencing availability of these metals is the Soil pH. Raising some of these soil factors to appropriate levels have been discovered to reduce the availability of the heavy metals to mankind.


ABSTRACT The influence of the tool rotation on the 3D surface topography produced by the nano-cutting process is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The least square mean method is utilized to model the evaluation criteria for the surface roughness parameters. The effects of the tool rotation on the cutting force and the chip formation at the nano-metric scale are also evaluated. It is found that the chip formation produced with tool rotation is dominated by the ploughing and the shearing forces. With increase of the adopted rotation velocity, the cutting force is sharply increased and the smaller elastic recovery of the machined surface is observed. The 3D surface roughness parameters at the nano-metric scale are significantly influenced by the tool rotation velocity and the feed speed, and the surface quality can be improved by decreasing the tool rotation velocity and the feed speed.


IL‐36 might play a role as an initial immune mechanism against chikungunya fever, and regulating IL‐36 production could be a potential treatment approach for this condition.


Glioblastoma is inherently resistant to radiation and drug treatments. This is mediated by the most common forms of cell death are often actively inhibited. Identifying and exploiting alternative cell death pathways are essential to overcoming or bypassing drug resistance. Ferroptosis, a newly described, morphologically and biochemically distinct, cell death mechanism is characterized by iron-dependent cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The combination of siramesine, a lysosome disruptor, and lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), synergistically induced death in glioma cancer cells. This cell death had characteristics of ferroptosis: it was blocked by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine. In addition, the amount of ROS and lipid peroxidation were increased in glioma cells. Iron transport protein remained unchanged but reactive iron levels increased. One target for kinase inhibitors is protein bisulfate isomerase (PDI). Knockdown of PDI in combination with siramesine increased cell death that was blocked by ferrostatin-1. Taken together, drug combinations that alter reactive iron and ROS levels might induce ferroptosis and overcome drug resistance in glioma cells.


We present n-dimensional vortex-ring-like and potential-like solutions with unusual properties related to some elliptical differential equations with compact sources. Solutions have almost 3-or 2-dimensional behaviour in the spaces with arbitrary (large) odd and even dimensions, respectively.


Bell Laboratories, Lucent T echnologies We p r e s e n t a n e v aluator for the call-by-name lambda calculus that is logically reversible. This evaluator is therefore a candidate for a computation mechanism that does not dissipate energy due to information erasure. Our design extends Landin's SECD evaluator for the lambda calculus with a history tape H|as in Bennett's constructions of reversible Turing machines|and is hence called SECD-H. The history tape records suucient information to supply each state of a computation with a unique predecessor state. H can therefore be used to reverse the computation and to reset the machine. Since the lambda calculus is a model for realistic programming languages, SECD-H can, unlike a reversible TM, be directly used to simulate reversible computation of large and complex programs. We provide a complete implementation of SECD-H for such purposes.


The ionosphere is a region at the atmosphere that contains high concentration of free electrons which is termed as electron density (Ne). In this work, the Ne was modelled for latitude from 0 to 50° and longitude from 100 to 120°, and the Ne was obtained from International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). IRI is the international standard for the climatologically specification of ionospheric parameters. Altitude of 350km was chosen to do this modelling as this has been presumed as the altitude where the content of the Ne is maximum over the equatorial region. The Ne was taken at four different local times (LT). They are 8.00am, 1.30pm, 6.30pm and 11.30pm from 1st June 2009 to 7th June 2009. This Ne values were modelled in 2 dimensions (latitude and longitude) using Table Curve 3D (TC3D). TC3D is software that can generate a mathematical equation for given latitude, longitude and Ne. Then, the Ne from IRI will be compared with TC3D and from MATLAB. However, due the variation in the solar activity, it is very hard to obtain the same mathematical model for the ionospheric formation at different time of a day and on different days. Index Terms IRI, Ne, latitude, longitude, ionosphere modelling, diurnal variation ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Background: Many physicians seek a fellowship after completing their residency to gain expertise, learn different techniques and philosophies, and grow their network. One obstacle for fellows is finding reliable feedback from previous fellows regarding a specific fellowship and contacting that person for further advice. In addition, for both doctors and institutions alike, obtaining (government) working permits and financing the fellowship is challenging. The purpose of this study was to survey doctors and researchers from different medical fields to identify the need for an online fellowship advisor. Methods: A website and an online survey were created. The survey was sent personally to the first author's contacts worldwide by email. Results: Five months after the project initiation, there were 8'918 visits (7'435 different users) to the landing website from 129 countries, mainly USA (27%), Switzerland (21%), Egypt (5%), and India (5%). Nine hundred six surveys from participants from 85 countries were completed: Among them Switzerland (20%), Egypt (8%), India (8%) as well as United Kingdom (6%). The main specialties were orthopedics & traumatology (60%), surgery (10%), and internal medicine (5%). The participants stated, they were potential (36%) or previous (32%) fellows or individuals/institutions who would like to offer a fellowship (17%). There was an interest in having a fellowship database (69%), connecting to other fellows (65%), giving/receiving feedback about a fellowship (50%), and receiving financial support (36%). Conclusions: The results of the first survey suggest that there is great interest in an online fellowship advisor for international fellowships, including a database, a platform for fellows to connect to each other with the ability to give and receive feedback about a fellowship. Receiving financial support is of interest to one-third of the participants.


The main objective of this work is to show clearly the organization knowledge importance, as a innovation generator resource, and also show the knowledge exchange function in this process in a high-performance R&D team arena.


The present invention, a liquid crystal display of the present invention relates to the production in view of a level difference that occurs after the formation of the array on the TFT substrate stepped liquid crystal display that improves the defect provided with a column spacer to other parts of the device and its method is relatively the second substrate and the first substrate by a step that corresponds to the high portion and a step difference is the lower the higher part and the stepped level difference portion of the first substrate, the first substrate having a lower portion where the first and second column spacers are formed and the yirueojim characterized by including a liquid crystal layer formed between the second substrate. Column spacer, touch stain gravity failure, depression bad (coating defects), TFT array, a step


Abstract. This study aims to analyze whether training, physical work environment, andleadership affect job satisfaction in improving employee performance. The study was conducted atFederal International Finance, Riau Area.Data used consist of primary and secondary data. The data was collected using questionnairesand documents given to a sample of 213 employees of Federal International Finance, Riau Area.Sample determination made use of the Slovin formulation. Sampling was done using Stratified RandomSampling. Analysis was conducted using the two stage least square model, while hypothesis testing wasconducted using multiple regression and simple regression using SPSS (Statistical Program For SocialSciences) 17.0 for Windows.Multiple regression tests show that the variables of training, physical work environment andleadership have a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees at Federal International Finance,Riau area, with t count (t count = 8286 > t table = 1,652) for training, (t count = 2,709 > t table =1,652) for physical work environment, and (t count = 7867 > t table = 1,652) for leadership. Simplelinear regression tests show that job satisfaction has a significant and positive impact on employeeperformance, with a t count (t count = 10,739 > t table 1,652).In conclusion, this study shows that training should be considered by management as a meansto not only develop employee skills and abilities, but also increase employee satisfaction. A goodphysical work environment should also be considered to make employees comfortable in performingwork and responsibilities. Lastly, leadership should be utilized to maintain employee satisfaction, andenable employees to provide good performance for the progress of the company in the future. Keywords: Training, Physical Work Environment, Leadership, Job Satisfaction and EmployeePerformance


1 Eighteen dogs were cooled in ice water of 5–7°C., and the frequency of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation was observed. Five dogs served as controls, nine dogs were treated with 0.5 mg persantin/min., and four dogs with 0.25 mg persantin/min. 2 In the control group, 80% fibrillated at 19.0–20.4°C. In the group with 0.5 mg Persantin/min., 33.3% fibrillated at 16.0–17.4°C.; in the 0.25 mg persantin/min. group, 75% fibrillated at 16.2–18.1°C. 3 The pulse rate in the groups treated with persantin showed a sudden extreme bradycardia of 5–9 beats/min. at 20.0–21.8° C., whereas this phenomenon did not occur in the control animals. 4 The possible mode of action is briefly discussed.


Although there are many important results dealing with the static attractors (i.e., equilibrium points) of various NNs, experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that periodic attractors (i.e., stationary oscillation) in NNs is also a very interesting dynamic behavior as many biological and cognitive activities (e.g., heartbeat, respiration, mastication, locomotion, and memorization) exhibit periodicity. Persistent oscillation, such as limit cycles (periodic orbits), represents a common feature of neural firing patterns produced by dynamic interplay between cellular and synaptic mechanisms. Moreover, stationary oscillations in NNs have found many applications such as associative memories, pattern recognition, machine learning, and robot motion control etc. Investigation of stationary oscillations on NNs is indispensable for practical design and engineering applications of network models. Also, an equilibrium point can be viewed as a special periodic attractor of neural networks with arbitrary period. In this sense, the analysis of periodic attractor of neural networks may be considered to be more general than that of equilibrium point. In addition, there are


An experimental investigation of sequential dissociation of CO2 by Ne4+ ion impact at incident energies 1.12 MeV was performed. Two initial states of (CO2)3+ ions were observed in the first fragmentation step. But for the second fragmentation step, our result suggests that both the metastable ions (CO)2+ are populated in 3Σ+ states.


In order to solve the assembly sequence planning for aerospace products(ASPFAP),which is multi-objective,non-linear and difficult to be solved by the traditional algorithms of ASP,a new method was presented based on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm(PSO-GA).The assembly precedence constraint relationship model(APCRM)was studied;the code representations of genomes,chromosomes and particles were studied;the fitness function with engineering significance was presented by comprehensive consideration of assembly continuity,assembly resource and influence of instrument and equipment;the geometric feasible assembly sequences were initialized according to the APCRM and optimized based on PSO-GA in which the GA's crossover operator was reconstructed by PSO.An application case was studied to demonstrate good convergence,stability and actual engineering significance of the proposed algorithm.


The paper presents a comparative study between the existing cyber laws in Malaysia and the Islamic perspective concerning four major issues in cyber space particularly concerning i) privacy, ii) trust, iii) theft and iv) contract. The study uses comparative approach from the main source of Islamic Syariah - Quran and Sunnah (tradition of the prophet s.aw.) and a thorough study of the existing law pertaining to cyber crime such as Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 and Computer Crime Act 1997. The study prevails that the above concerns principally seems to be consistent with Islamic view. However, more extensive study must be carried out when it comes to implementation of these issues in e-commerce. With more than one billion Muslim population, the research will serve as a baseline for establishing an alternative view from Islamic perspective and cyber laws that taken into account approach based on Syariah to meet new challenges for Muslim Ummah in cyberspace.


Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of alendronic acid / colcalciferol plus Calcium in management of edentulous patients with a severe bilateral resorption of the mandible. Materials and methods: Twenty edentulous patients with severely resorbed mandibles have been managed by alendronic acid / colcalciferol plus Calcium tablets. They were followed-up clinically and radiologically for one year. Results: The results were promising for nineteen patients (95%) where the radiographic density and height of the bone have been improved. However, the treatment was unsuccessful for one patient who was elder, 89 years old, than the others. Conclusions: On the basis of our findings, we encourage the use of alendronic acid / colcalciferol plus calcium in management of mandibular osteolysis particularly in young age.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus to form a fixative form organisms such as sea squirts, and to form the device is fixed to the water to be of the form methods and apparatus for improving the food efficiency, it is respectively fixed at both ends of the number of the lower edge of the spores is attached the upper / lower fixed frame and, to install the yangseonggi consisting of reinforcing frames that connect the above-mentioned upper / lower fixed frame, the position of the upper / lower fixed frame to be firmly held in the sea floor, and the one yangseonggi the sea floor which It is to be fixed by connecting to a bruise and meongjul fixed to the installation location, and provides a method and apparatus for the present form a fixative form organisms, the lower edge can improve the form efficiency to maintain a fixed state without flowing a bird. Sea squirts, form, bruising, meongjul


In high performance tennis, different aspects like physical-conditioning, strategy-tactic, technical-biomechanical, psychology and skills acquisition have received large attention from the researchers. Nevertheless, the programming, periodization and planning of training sessions and competitions have not been as studied in depth. Coaches still use their experience, trial-error and subjective perceptions as methods of conducting these fundamental tasks. This article presents the design and validation of an instrument to control the technical and tactical training content on-court. The instrument was conceived by 9 experts and validated by 23 experienced coaches, who used on-court tennis exercises examples. The instrument is a useful tool for helping the coaches to improve the control of the on-court technical and tactical content and the tennis training session contents in high performance tennis players.


The aim of this paper is to extend the preservation time of ferrate through identifying the additives having the best stable effect to ferrate and determining the volume of addition.We try to mix the ferrate solution with additives with different concentrations respectively,and preserve the solutions in the hypothermia and dark,measure the absorbance whenever necessary and compare the decomposition rates.Results of the experiments show that the solutions which LiNO3,Mg(NO3)2,Na2SiF6,Na2C2O4 are added into respectively have lower decomposition rates than that of the blank sample.Furthermore,the optimal additive volume of Na2SiF6 and Na2C2O4 are 0.5% and 1.0% respectively and the decomposition rates decrease respectively by 25.3% and 15.55% after 10 days relative to that of the blank sample;the optimal additive volume of LiNO3 and Mg(NO3)2 are both 1.5% and the decomposition rates when compared with that of the blank sample have decreased by 30.36% and 17.26% respectively after 10 days.Decomposition curve of adding NaNO3 is close to that of the blank sample and those of adding Ba(NO3)2 and Na2SO4 respectively are both higher than that of the blank sample.In conclusion,Li+,Mg2+,SiF62-and C2O42-can inhibit the decomposition of ferrate;NO3-has no effect on the stability of ferrate solution;Ba2+,SO42-can accelerate the decomposition of ferrate solution.


That educating her children is mothers'character and bringing up girls to be a eligible mother is the cardinal significance of family education is an important and constant ideal in ancient China.That mothers occupy a decisive position in family education is an basical idea of culture survival of maternal society,and the social division of labor is that men make houses,and women make homes in ancient China.Ipso facto this social phenomenon,a virtuous daughter today will be a virtuous mother in the future.At the same time,girls get chance and time to acquire an education less than boys,and it means that girl education takes precedence over boy education.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate European national libraries' websites on the basis of webometrics. It also analyze the structure of the selected European national libraries' websites on the basis of number of checkpoints. On the basis of number of web indicators such as number of webpages, in-links, rich content files, publications in Google Scholar and WISER, web presence of the selected European national libraries' websites were examined. For collection of webometrics data Google search engine and Check PageRank tool were used. To evaluate structure's attributes, a checklist was drafted which is based on published literature and guidelines. This paper highlights that most of the European national libraries have sound web presence having large number of webpages, in-links and rich content files. It also reveals that most of the European national libraries' websites have users' friendly structure except few national libraries' websites. Therefore, there is a need to conduct regular observation to find out the utility of website among users' group.


Although many studies are addressed to the role of urban agriculture to food security and poverty alleviation, but still we see an increasingly gap between place of food produce and where it is consumed which is because of rapid and uncontrolled urbanization and subsequently increasingly using of fossil fuels i.e. not regarding to sustainable development. So in this paper we examine the role of agriculture in some of Asian countries GDP such as Iran for last decades which we have found that unfortunately, agriculture loses its role in GDP's growth though, it has had increasingly growth rate for the same era. Attention to that, "agriculture sector" is always fundamental base of sustainable development and it is include the greatest portion of labors in many of developing countries and the same time losing its role, may be as a alarm for time to reform and replan for their urbanization. And urban agriculture is a great key to this target.


The sensitivity achieved by large laser gyroscopes opens the perspective of observing in a ground laboratories very thin relativistic effect related to the Earth rotating mass (gravitomagnetic effect or Lense-Thirring effect). The required accuracy asks for a strict control of the ring cavity geometry. Here we present a control procedure that can be applied in order to solve this task.


BackgroundThe "empty nest" family is becoming the main family pattern in China. Meanwhile, the health-related quality of life of empty-nest elderly is an increasing public health concern. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) model in improving quality of life of the empty-nest elderly to provide a scientific evidence for improving their health.MethodsA prospective intervention study was conducted among empty-nest elderly in Taiyuan, Shanxi. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were assigned randomly to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received a seven-month SMG-based intervention. A participant's quality of life was measured at the baseline and seven months after using the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36).ResultsNo significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of participant characteristics at baseline (P > 0.05). After the intervention, participants' scores on Mental Component Summary (MCS), Physical Component Summary (PCS), role emotional (RE), vitality (VT), social function (SF), mental health (MH) and general health (GH) increased significantly in the intervention group. Additionally, these scores differed significantly from those in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that the SMG-based health management is effective in improving quality of life among empty-nest elderly after seven months.Trial registrationStudy on the 'SMG' Health Management Model Based on Community Organization Theory among empty-nest elderly (ChiCTR1800015884). Registration date: 26-04-2018. Retrospectively registered.


Low molar mass liquid crystals formed dewetted island, or 'dome' structures when cast from dilute solution on substrates. Hexaalkoxytriphenylene formed hexagonal micronsize islands when the cast film was slowly cooled from the isotropic state. Co-casting of cyanine dyes led to hierarchic structures of fluorophores in the center of the domes, and fluorescence microscopy and microspectrometry confirmed that cyanine J-aggregates were formed. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2005.156]


The presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has long been rec- ognised as a characteristic manifestation of the immune dysregulation underlying multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it remains unclear how or why these bands develop, and little is known about the nature of the aberrantly expanded B cell clones that produce these immunoglobulins. To explore these questions we have performed single-cell RNA sequencing in CSF (108,219 cells) and PBMCs (232,587 cells) obtained from 104 individuals; 66 with multiple sclerosis, 25 with Non-Inflammatory Neurological Conditions (NINCs) and 13 with other Inflammatory Neurological Conditions (INCs). We found that MS CSF harbours an 8-fold higher proportion of plasma cells than control CSF. Plasma cells in the MS CSF up-regulate diverse pathways implicated in pro-inflammatory signalling and antibody synthesis, including TNFα and mTORC1 signalling, compared with their peripheral counterparts.We identified a large number of clonally-expanded cells in the MS CSF which are largely IgG+ plasma cells with evidence of intrathecal antigen experience. These clonally-expanded cells display clonal connections to the periphery. Our findings elucidate the phenotype of a critical cell population in MS biology – clonally-expanded CSF plasma cells. These insights have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications, and may lead to more general insights into B cell autoimmunity.


Following a recent method introduced by Hainzl, Solovej, and Lewin, we prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit for a system made of quantum electrons, and classical nuclei whose positions and charges are randomly perturbed in an ergodic fashion. All the particles interact through Coulomb forces.


The term "mood" is one of the most commonly used in psychiatry. At the same time it is probably one of the least precise. It has its root in the Latin "modus". That meaning has been preserved, however, only in the context of present day academic subjects. In psychology and psychopathology it is a rather vague and inprecise term. The noun mood and the adjective moody contain something of an inherent contradiction. Mood can be both good and bad while there is a negative connotation in moody as well as in the derived noun moodiness. Greenson (1954) equates "moods" with "brief euphoric intervals", but for Fenichel (1945) moods are "entirely unmotivated emotions". We speak about "signs of mood" (Moody, 1958), which consequently means, the mood itself is "inside", "masked" (Kral, 1958), "underground" or "in the background" (K. Schneider, 1959) or "latent" (Cleghorn et al., 1959) and the signs are the manifestations of it. For Bleuler (1958) "quick changes of affect ..., are the unprovoked mood signs" and they may be "unmotivated" and "not paralleling the content of ideas". The situation may be reversed. Mood can have "screening" potentialities regarding thought content and so Greenson speaks (1953) about the "screen function of mood". Hence, if depression is a "mood" it is an every day experience however great and important its screening role may be. The word mood is used in many other ways, such as, the mood "of being interested" and the mood "of boredom" (Zutt, 1943), the "productive mood" (E. Von Hartmann, quot. by Gruhle, 1955) which is the first stage in the creative work.


The Land-Retaking Movement in Gungsam-myun, Naju refers to the continuous struggles to settle the land ownership disputes. It lasted for eithty years, which began with the seizure of private lands by Jeon, Seongchang in 1888 and ended with the completion of land reform in 1970. The movement in Gungsam-myun is regarded as a typical case of land ownership disputes which had gone through a series of different ownership: lands owned privately during the Chosun dynasty lands owned by royal family during the late Chosun dynasty tenant lands owned by Dongyang Colonization Company under the Japanese rule - lands owned by the Shinhan Corporation under the U.S. military administration - private land ownership admitted by the Korean government. This paper studies the developmental process of land-retaking movement in Gungsam-myun, Naju under the U.S. military administration. The peasants in Gungsam-myun rehabilitated a peasant union and autonomously managed farmlands owned by Dongyang Colonization Company in order to retake the land ownership. In the process, there were some troubles between the peasant union and other organizations like the people' s committee and the preparatory committee for na tional foundation. However, under the U. S. military administration, farmlands in Gungsam-myun were classified as government-vested property and belonged to the Shinhan Corporation. The Gungsam-myun peasants were not rewarded even though they struggled to retake the land ownership against the U.S. military administration and the Shinhan Corporation. The antagonism against them exploded with the December uprising in 1946 and the Mayday assembly in 1947. The characteristics of the Gungsam-myun movement under the U.S. military administration can be summarized as follows. First, The Gungsam-myun peasants organized a peasant union and a youth self-defence corps. The youth self-defence corps was an organization similar to the union for land-retaking movement under the Japanese rule. Second, the Gungsam-myun peasants took the initiative in the movement and exercised autonomous rights. Third, with the leadership of the peasant union, the Gungsam-myun peasants voluntarily managed the farmlands owned by the Dongyang Colonization Company. Fourth, the claim of the union was proper. which said that farmlands in Gungsam-myun did not belong to the Dongyang Colonization cCompany and that it was unreasonable to classify them as enemy property. Fifth, the peasant resistance against the U.S. military administration took shape in the refusal of rent payment and the negotiations with outside organizations. It reached the peak in the December uprising in 1946. In sum, disputes of the farmland ownership in Gungsam-myun were expressed in various ways under the U.S. military administration. But the U.S. military administration denied and suppressed the proper claim of the Gungsam-myun peasants. Because of the responses of the military administration, the peasants had the impression that the U.S. military administration was the same as the Japanese imperialistic government and the Shinhan Corporation as the Dongyang Colonization Company. As a result, the peasants regarded the administration and the corporation as a subject to be overthrown. The disputes unsloved under the U.S. military administration were flared up again with the establishment of the Korean government.


Placement of an initiator aminoacyl-tRNA [(f)Met-tRNAi(f)Met] base paired with the AUG initiation codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) is the first step of translation. The eukaryotic translation factor eIF5B or its bacerial homologue IF2 facilitate the correct positioning of initiator tRNA in the P site of the ribosome. We report the electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) structure of a stabilized intermediate state of a yeast 80S/tRNAiMet/eIF5B complex at 3.6 Å resolution. The structure shows how a universally conserved tyrosine couples the rotational state of the small ribosomal subunit with GTP hydrolysis.


THE INVENTION IS ON A DEVICE FOR FLYERS DRILLING REALIZATION IN THE SOIL TYPE WITH A PAIR OF STRAWBERRIES DRIVEN ROTATING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION, SUCH STRAWBERRIES BEING FITTED WITH TEETH OR SIMILAR BODIES to disintegrate SOIL . INCLUDES FIRST PAIR OF STRAWBERRIES 6 FITTED WITH TEETH TURN REVERSE ON TWO PARALLEL LINES, EACH OF THESE STRAWBERRIES IN THE FORM OF EXTERNAL VOLUME GENERATOR REVOLUTION WHICH IS MADE UP ARC CIRCLE RELATED TO SECTION CIRCULAR DRILL THAT WE DESIRE dIGGING, AND A SECOND PAIR OF STRAWBERRIES 7 LOCATED ABOVE THE FIRST AND WHOSE STRAWBERRIES 14A, 14B EXHIBIT THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS THAT THE STRUCTURE STRAWBERRY PAIR BUT FIRST ROTATION AXES ARE offset from THEM.


The Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) method has recently been adapted to obtain tomographic images of the cross section of a diesel particulate filter (DPF). However, a soot mass estimation algorithm is still needed to translate the ECT image pixel data to obtain soot load in the DPF. In this paper, we propose an estimation method to quantify the soot load in a DPF through an inverse algorithm that uses the ECT images commonly generated by a back-projection algorithm. The grayscale pixel data generated from ECT is used in a matrix equation to estimate the permittivity distribution of the cross section of the DPF. Since these permittivity data has direct correlation with the soot mass present inside the DPF, a permittivity to soot mass distribution relationship is established first. A numerical estimation algorithm is then developed to compute the soot mass accounting for the mass distribution across the cross-section of the DPF as well as the dimension of the DPF along the exhaust flow direction. Experimental data has been used to validate the proposed soot estimation algorithm which compared the estimated values with the actual measured soot mass. The estimated soot mass for various soot load amounts were found to correlate reasonably well with the measured soot masses in those cases.


With the release of the Technology Years 1 to 10 Syllabus and associated curriculum materials by the Queensland Studies Authority in 2003, Education Queensland announced that all Queensland government schools were to aim for full implementation by 2007. This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the intrinsic and extrinsic challenges experienced by teachers during the implementation of Technology Education. Student and teacher interviews, observations, artefact collection using digital photographs, and the administration of the Technology Syllabus Implementation Questionnaire (TSIQ) were undertaken to develop case studies. The major findings of this study included the identification of intrinsic challenges being professional knowledge and understanding, teacher confidence in the teaching of technology, attitudes and values of the Technology key learning area, and approaches to teaching. Extrinsic challenges included a lack of resources and time, varying methods of student assessment, the practicality of the implementation of a new curriculum area, and the quality of professional development programs. From the challenges identified, suggestions are made to inform the future implementation of Technology Education.


Two new complexes constructed by 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (H2PDA) and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bpy), namely [Cu(PDA)(2,2′-bpy)]·5H2O (1) and [Zn2(PDA)(2,2′-bpy)2Cl2] (2), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, and UV-Vis spectrum. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that they both crystallize in the triclinic space group of P-1. In complex 1, the Cu atom is hexa-coordinated and each asymmetric unit contains five uncoordinated water molecules that form a water cluster (H2O)10 with their symmetric equivalent. Complex 2 is a simple dimer and the Zn atom is penta-coordinated. Both in complex 1 and 2 there are π−π stacking interactions.


Image segmentation is an important research issue in image processing. In this paper, hybridizing of the PSO and BBO algorithm for 2-D image segmentation is implemented. The common features from PSO and BBO algorithm are used and then hybridized for the segmentation. The results are evaluated on the basis of parameters; PSNR and SSIM. The results depicts that the proposed hybrid algorithm performed well and produce better segmented 2D images . Keywords— Segmentation, PSO, BBO, 2D, Hybrid, PSO-BBO, Fitness function, habitat, crossover. INTRODUCTION It is widely used in analyzing the exactness and dimensions of an image. The slices of 2D images have like shapes which gives clue for segmentation of 2D image [1]. Image segmentation is used to recognize the each segment of the image more clearly. In this paper we are representing the 2D image segmentation by combined approach of PSO and BBO [2].Also comparing the results of 2D segmentation from PSO, BBO and Hybrid algorithm. PSO and BBO algorithms come under the category of swarm optimization. The concept of swarm optimization has arrived from the activities of social insects and birds. Social birds are characterized from their self organizing behavior and by finding the optimum paths through minimum communication. They can get information about surroundings and can interact with other birds indirectly through stigmergy. These all features characterise swarm intelligence. The two widely used swarm intelligence techniques are Particle Swarm Optimization and Biogeography Based Optimization.


The automatic recognition of risk situations for frail people is an urgent research topic for the interdisciplinary artificial intelligence and multimedia community. Risky situations can be recognized from lifelog data recorded with wearable devices. In this paper, we present a new approach for the detection of semantic risk situations for frail people in lifelog data. Concept matching between general lifelog and risk taxonomies was realized and tuned AlexNet was deployed for detection of two semantic risks situations such as risk of domestic accident and risk of fraud with promising results.


In mechanical engineering, individual functional units of a machine are often assembled by one operator at single workstations or at one-piece flow lines. Based on the order information, the required parts are taken from flow racks and assembled step by step to build a functional unit. The existing assembly concepts have two decisive disadvantages in operational practice. First, a large number of components to be provided leads to long walking distances at the work station or line. Second, as the complexity of the assembly task increases, the informational portion of the work increases, so that paper-based information provision can lead to unnecessary assembly errors and additional times. For these reasons, a compacted assembly system has been developed in which, firstly, material is supplied via driven carousels and, secondly, the necessary information is provided to the operator via a cognitive assistance system. The article shows that this concept can reduce walking distances while avoiding assembly errors and additional times.


Medical discoveries within the past two decades, and particularly within the past ten years, have decidedly changed once accepted concepts of many forms of heart disease. This is particularly true of our knowledge about myocardial infarction. An attitude for which I see no real basis prevails in the minds of too many medical men, that, except for anticoagulant therapy, the problems of coronary occlusion remain unchanged since Herrick's classic description. My purpose is to review certain pertinent aspects of the subject in the light of current concepts relative to pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment of this disorder. This review may interest you as a physician, as a friend of someone who has had a myocardial infarct, or as a patient who has had or may have a coronary occlusion. Incidence Anyone interested in the incidence of coronary occlusion has but to read the last lines of the death notices in any issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Multiply that impression by the number...


A stochastic approach, the Ising model combined with Monte Carlo simulation, is employed to study the process of a fiber debonding and being pulled out from a fiber reinforced composite. The complicated mechanisms involved can be realistically simulated more than ever with a simple algorithm that is applicable to such phenomena as partial debonding, fiber breaking and matrix yielding, all of which are difficult to deal with by existing methods. The important factors influencing the debonding and the pull out behavior can be represented by corresponding coefficients in an energy expression of the system. The results of parametric studies are in good qualitative agreement with the behavior of real systems, indicating the power and usefulness of this approach in the studies of many interfacial phenomena. Finally, application of this method to simulate the fiber peel process is also demonstrated.


The intensity of large muscle mass exercise declines at altitude due to reduced oxygen delivery to active muscles. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the greater limb blood flow during single-leg cycling prevents the reduction in tissue oxygenation observed during traditional double-leg cycling in hypoxic conditions. Ten healthy individuals performed bouts of double and single-leg cycling (4, four-minute stages at 50–80% of their peak oxygen consumption) in hypoxic (15% inspired O2) and normoxic conditions. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, femoral blood flow, lactate, oxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and tissue saturation index in the vastus lateralis were recorded during cycling tests. Femoral blood flow (2846 ± 912 mL/min) and oxygenated hemoglobin (−2.98 ± 3.56 au) during single-leg cycling in hypoxia were greater than double-leg cycling in hypoxia (2429 ± 835 mL/min and −6.78 ± 3.22 au respectively, p ≤ 0.01). In addition, tissue saturation index was also reduced in the double-leg hypoxic condition (60.2 ± 3.1%) compared to double-leg normoxic (66.0 ± 2.4%, p = 0.008) and single-leg hypoxic (63.3 ± 3.2, p < 0.001) conditions. These data indicate that while at altitude, use of reduced muscle mass exercise can help offset the reduction in tissue oxygenation observed during larger muscle mass activities allowing athletes to exercise at greater limb/muscle specific intensities.


The possibility of remediating contaminated soils through the use of high biomass-generating, native plant species capable of removing heavy metals is receiving increased attention. The capacity of accumulation cadmium (Cd) of Atriplex halimus was tested by growing transplanted specie in a pine bark compost substrate (pH 5.6) contaminated with 100 mg Cd kg-1. After 70 days, the increase in biomass in the plant enhanced the phytoextraction of Cd. The leaf Cd concentration reached 35 mg Cd kg-1. The normal growth shown by this specie in the presence of high concentration of Cd and under conditions of high temperature and acidic pH, suggests that this specie may be used to generate a green cover on soils contaminated by metals and may contribute to their remediation.


The effect of rare earth element on the solidification behavior of Al-Mg alloy was investigated in adirectional solidification apparatus.It was found that during the solidification process.the rare earth elementsegregated in the liquid at sold-liquid interface,changed the solidification morphology and reduced thesecondary arm spacing markedly.


The e-coating to inhibit induced corrosion can deposit a coating not only on the exterior surface but also on the inside of whole metallic components of body-in-white (BIW). But it is difficult to deposit paint films on the inside area because metallic components are multi layered. It may cause shortness of e-coating thickness. The only way to properly verify e-coating thickness is by performing the use of tear-down prototypes. When paint films' thickness is inadequate, a structural modification on each metallic component is needed. Verification of the thickness improvement for a structural modification requires much manual effort and leads to increasing development time. Recently, the simulation technology has been developed to predict the e-coating thickness in e-coating field. By applying the simulation to BIW, improvement in paint thickness quality and shortening of development period are expected. The paper explains a validated solution that allows simulating the effect of design changes to the e-coating thickness and current density, thereby delivering results within a time frame of a few days.


Incremental improvement is rapidly becoming the focus of attention of many business managers as they struggle to remain competitive in today's business environment.


The main objective of this work is to study the alterations that can occur in p53 in subjects exposed to chlordane. To study this various chlordane exposed subjects blood samples as well as bladder tissues are procured. Total blood protein is extracted from collected blood as well as from media from cultured cells. The main agenda behind such study is to identify for any mal formations in the p53 gene products in the extracted samples which do not have specificity to Anti p53 Antibody which in turn produces negative results in the immunological assays on the other hand those subjects which do not have any structural deformations in p53 protein produce a positive result in immunological assays using the same antibody. PCR is performed to the whole genomic DNA isolated from the subjects for amplification of p53 coding gene for cross referring the presence of the same in the amplified products. Various mixed results are procured out of which certain subjects have shown specific results which can conclude that p53 protein present in these subjects have nearly zero specificity to the Anti p53 Antibody which is used in the immunological assays for analyzing the same.


The first investigations of seasonal N2O variations and water-to-air fluxes in the Tamsui River estuary and its adjacent sea were carried out in this study. In the Tamsui River estuary, the concentration of N2O decreased with increasing salinity. The seasonal variations of N2O concentrations in the estuary were 46.8–148.5 nM in autumn, 15.9–82.5 nM in spring, 11.0–42.0 nM in summer and 13.1–120.6 nM in winter. When salinity regressed to zero, N2O concentration was highest in autumn, followed by winter, spring, and summer, which might be influenced by the DO and NO3 − concentrations as well as temperature. Because of mountains occlusion, the seasonal variations in wind speed were not large in the Tamsui River estuary. Seasonal variations of N2O fluxes in the estuary were 10.9–35.6 μmol m−2 d−1 in autumn, 2.8–15.1 μmol m−2 d−1 in spring, 2.4–9.5 μmol m−2 d−1 in summer and 2.7–26.8 μmol m−2 d−1 in winter. In the adjacent sea of Tamsui River estuary, seasonal average N2O concentrations in the surface seawater were 10.3 ± 0.2 nM in autumn, 11.6 ± 1.2 nM in spring, 11.4 ± 0.7 nM in summer and 13.8 ± 0.9 nM in winter, with no significantly seasonal changes while wind speed varied greatly seasonally. Seasonal variations of average N2O fluxes in Tamsui River estuary's adjacent sea were 40.3 ± 0.7 μmol m−2 d−1 in autumn, 19.7 ± 2.1 μmol m−2 d−1 in spring, 20.9 ± 1.3 μmol m−2 d−1 in summer and 49.0 ± 3.3 μmol m−2 d−1 in winter. As a result, seasonal variations in N2O fluxes in the estuary were dominated by N2O concentrations in the water, whereas in the sea, it was dominated by wind speed. Overall, the Tamsui River estuary and its adjacent sea were net sources of atmospheric N2O with annual average fluxes 10.6 ± 6.7 and 32.5 ± 14.5 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively.


Francis Upritchard is a Londonbased New Zealand artist who has exhibited widely since the late 1990s, and in 2009 represented New Zealand at the Venice Biennale. Her installations of human, often intimately-scaled sculpture incorporate ceramics alongside a variety of media, pushing boundaries of form and material. Upritchard seeks to break down hierarchies between art, craft and design, including through collaborations with other practitioners - among them her husband, furniture designer Martino Gamper.


The balanced K-way partitioning problem with weight constraints (BKPWC) is a NP-hard combinatorial problem with several real-world applications. In this article, we present a variable neighborhood search algorithm for the BKPWC by combining an initialization method generating a feasible initial solution, a variable neighborhood descent method acting as the local search procedure, and a perturbation operator to generate the offspring solutions. Experiments on the benchmark instances show that the proposed algorithm is very efficient and is much faster compared with the existing best performing algorithms in the literature.


Calli were isolated from root, stem and leaf segments of Nigella sativa (Fam. Ranunculaceae) on White's medium containing napthaleneacetic acid and coconut milk. From all the three types of calli, roots were differentiated. Shoot development occurred in stem and leaf calli only after the omission of first coconut milk and then of auxin from the basal medium and also in IAA (2.0 mg/ml) and coconut milk (15 % v/v) in the medium. Frequency of organ formation and the maintenance of this capacity depend upon the nature as well as the age of the callus tissue.


The advantages and disadvantages of central compensation adopted in motor's reactive power compensation are analyzed. Meanwhile, in terms of capacity calculation, characteristics of asynchronous motor and other aspects the method is proposed to determine the capacity for spot compensation of asynchronous motor.


The present invention provides a method of using megacephala maggots feed culture remaining fly trap of wild black water, and in particular to the use of animal blood cells cultured bran megacephala maggots, then use its breeding material to trap the remaining wild Blackwater fly. The present invention is suitable trap set period of wild fly blackwater 4 to 10 months, the temperature 23 ~ 35 ℃, weather fine weather day. Trapping effects of the present invention wild blackwater fly very significant, particularly lysine-rich animal blood cells under the influence of natural megacephala maggots and microorganisms, easily decomposed into cadaverine like substance having a strong pungent odor , having a strong effect on the oviposition attractant fly adult wild black water, black water wild fly eggs at room temperature incubation, the growth of a large number of black water can be obtained in a short time fly provenances. The method is simple, convenient and effective, can obtain significant savings in wild black fly species source of labor and time.