Abstract
The language aspects and social context outside of the language which are related effect the linguistic situation of a multilingual society. This study was conducted to see how the process of language choice among teens of Sasak and factors that influence it. Teen's of Sasak as Sasak speakers learn Bahasa when they started education. Second language acquisition in education domain influence the language choice among teen's of Sasak. This situation are very interesting topic to reviewed by using theory in sociolinguistics approach. The research is aimed to identify the language choice factors among teen's of Sasak in speech event. This research is qualitative research used the data were collected using the methods of observation, recording, and interview. The sample used is 70 teen's of Sasak were in the range of 18 to 23 years who live in Mataram city and a student. The findings out the research revealed that, First : The language situation of Mataram city society is the background of the Language selection process. Second: This research do observations in four domains of language used, family, neighbors, education and religion. Third: This research findings three major factors as affecting the speaker language in social interactions, (1) the setting (time and place) and the situation; (2) participants/audience in the interaction, (3) the topic of conversation.

Keywords: Language choice ,language acquisition, domain and sosiolinguistics


Library guide for using KCU Young Library resources to obtain information for the course NUR 608 and the Capstone project for the Masters in Nurse Practitioner program. This will help you to determine your KCU Barcode/ Password and your KCU PIN Number


Smokeless tobacco is as dangerous as cigarette smoking. In fact, smokeless tobacco is equally addictive and carcinogenic. Damage to the antioxidant defence mechanism is noted in smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Even drug doses have to adjust to smokeless tobacco users as it affects the detoxifying capacity of the liver. We need more studies in south Indian population involving liver enzymes and oxidative stress parameters in ST users. Hence, we planned our study to find out whether ST induced liver damage can be detected in the initial stages by estimating the liver enzyme and MDA levels. In this study we included 30 individuals who were smokeless tobacco chewers and healthy controls. It was a prospective case control study performed in adult males between the ages 30 - 50 years. Subjects: Smokers and alcoholics were excluded from this study. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and MDA levels were estimated and compared using un-paired students t test between the two groups. The liver enzymes namely AST, ALT and ALP and GGT were significantly higher than healthy controls with a `p' value < 0.05. MDA level was significantly higher in ST chewers than healthy controls with a `p' value < 0.05. It is imperative to monitor liver enzymes in order to create an awareness on the hazards of using smokeless tobacco products among the Indian population. Smokeless tobacco is used has an alternative to cigarettes by poor people as it is less costly. Avoidance of tobacco chewing could avert many cancer deaths in India.


The reliability and validity of a progress-monitoring tool: A psychometric examination of the phonological awareness skills of preschoolers with ASD Jay R. Martini Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. James Mazza Educational Psychology The purpose of this study was to conduct a psychometric evaluation the Sound Beginning phonological awareness progress monitoring tool. This assessment was used to track emergent literacy skills of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder who were participating in a randomized trial studying early literacy interventions. Research questions in the present study included an investigation of levels of reliability, validity, item level data and the measure's sensitivity to change in phonological awareness skills. The present study included a sample of 40 individuals with autism spectrum disorder who were in their last year of preschool. The progress monitoring tool was administered up to four times during intervention. Furthermore, a variety of emergent literacy and oral language measures were administered before and after intervention and were used in this analysis. The results of this study suggest that the phonological awareness progress monitoring assessment demonstrated sufficient levels of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change when used with this sample of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.


Abstract : The story of the U.S. Air Force (USAF), since its independence in 1947, has been one of innovation, technical marvels, and tactical precision. The USAF continues to deliver what the nation asks, in terms of global vigilance, global reach, and global power. That said, the effectiveness of the USAF has been less than perfect, and the narrative reflects this deviation. While the USAF has successfully achieved tactical effectiveness--the ability to achieve limited airpower objectives--it has often failed to achieve strategic effectiveness, which is the ability to singularly meet political goals. The defining characteristics of the Air Force in 2016 which have led to this dilemma are: a theoretical notion that airpower alone can solve the nations problems, an organizational culture centered around leadership, primarily by a subset of pilots; and, a strategic focus on the means, or the hardware, instead of on a desired end state in conflict.


Purpose: Anchomanes difformis (Araceae) is widely used in subsaharan Africa against, constipation, edema, high blood pressure and anuria. The present study is undertaken to investigate laxative and diuretic activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts in normal and constipated rats. Method: Aqueous and ethanolic leaves and rhizome extracts were orally administered in rats at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg. Castor oil (10 ml/kg) and furosemide (10 mg/kg) were used as positive control in laxative and diuretic studies respectively. The laxative and diuretic effects were determined by measuring latency time, frequency and total volume excreted respectively of feces and urine. The physical state of the feces was also examined. Result: Extracts of the rhizome (400 and 800 mg/kg) showed highly significant differences on the latency, the frequency and the total quantities of urine and fecal excretion in normal and constipated rats. At 800 mg/kg these effects (*** p<0.001), are higher than castor oil (** p<0.01) and furosemide (** p<0.01). At doses of 400 (** p<0.5) and 800 mg/kg (** p<0.01) aqueous extract of the leaves showed significant different on the total mass of feces, and on all other parameters of urinary excretion in normal rats. There is no direct or indirect effect of the extracts on the physical characteristics of fecal excretion. The highest diuretics index of furosemide and extracts from the rhizome and leaves are respectively 1.94; 2.35 and 1.74. Lipschitz gains Showed 120% and 90% of diuretic activity for the rhizome and the leaves extracts respectively. The chemical screening confirms the presence of several metabolites. Conclusion: Anchomnes difformis has interesting laxative and diuretic effects related to its use in traditional medicine. Its laxative effect would be a mechanism that passes through a stimulation of intestinal motility. Its numerous metabolites explain these effects.


The authors present the DC, microwave, and millimeter-wave characteristics of different quantum well injection transit time (QWITT) diodes. Small-signal and large-signal device models are used to provide physical device design parameters to maximize output power density. A peak output power of 1 mW in the frequency range of 5-8 GHz has been obtained from a planar QWITT oscillator. In addition, millimeter-wave oscillations at 28-31 GHz in a full-height waveguide circuit with an output power of 30 mu W have been obtained. Results on improving device efficiency by optimizing the design of the drift region through the use of a doping spike are also presented. By optimizing the doping concentration, and width of the doping spike, an increase in efficiency from 2% to 5% is obtained, without compromising on output power at X-band.<<ETX>>


We report Raman studies of the Si–Si phonon band in Si1−xGex alloys, where the excitation is by visible and ultraviolet (351 nm) light. At a wavelength 351 nm, the optical penetration depth is extremely shallow (≈5 nm). By varying the excitation from 351 to 514 nm, the optical penetration depth spans from 5 to 300 nm. Two sets of samples were examined. Thin layers grown using molecular beam epitaxy were coherently strained to match the lattice constant of the silicon substrate. Thick layers grown using organo–metallic chemical vapor deposition were strain relaxed. For the thin, strained layers, visible excitation produces a spectrum, which is a superposition of the substrate and the epilayer phonon bands. Reducing the wavelength (and, consequently, penetration depth) allows us to isolate the epilayer spectrum. Phonon energies obtained using all excitation wavelengths agree. We conclude that Raman scattering from these alloys using 351 nm laser light gives us bulk alloy properties pertinent to the near-sur...


The invention provides a method for demulsifying long-chain diacid fermentation broth, comprising the steps of performing acidification precipitation on the long-chain diacid fermentation broth and drying to obtain a solid mixture of which the moisture is less than 5% (w/w). The invention further provides a method for refining long-chain diacid, comprising the steps of adding the solid mixture obtained according to the demulsifying method into an organic solvent, heating, dissolving, and removing impurities; and then cooling to separate out crystal, and separating the crystal to obtain the long-chain diacid. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages that the process route is short, a few devices are occupied, and the production efficiency is high; ceramic membrane devices are not used, so the production investment is low; processes of ceramic membranes and the like are not used, the product solution is not diluted, and little sewage is produced.


Using Weibull and Normal distribution,seal strength for Al2O3 ceramics was analyzed.Weibull parameter and Coefficient of variation showed its decentralization.In addition,the data of standard tensile strength,nail pulling strength and bending strength was compared by Weibull distribution.


Recent reporting of occurrence of emerging contaminants (i.e., ECs), such as engineered nanoparticles, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wastewater has increased public attention and poses concerns during agriculture -based reuse applications of wastewater residuals. This study proposed an integrated waste management system for handling ECs pollution in wastewater by linking ECs fate in water and sludge to treatment requirements for reuse applications (termed as "ECWM", hereafter) using the mass-balance approach. Parameters describing ECs fate in every unit process were identified. Efforts are underway to populate the ECs parameter database first which can be used in running this model for different ECs.


Received: 13 July 2019 Accepted: 27 September 2019 In traditional recommender systems, the product recommendations are generally made based on the static behavior or preference of customers. This paper designs a novel production recommendation model that processes customer-product interaction data as a time-based sequential data, and makes personalized product recommendations based on the purchase patterns of customers. Specifically, the model relies on the deep learning technique of recurrent neural network (RNN) to uncover the dynamics in purchase patterns of customers; a bidirectional model with attention mechanism was introduced to personalize the product recommendations. The effectiveness of the proposed model was verified through an experiment on a benchmark dataset called Movie lens. The experimental results show that the RNN-based model can efficiently capture the temporal dynamics of customer preferences, and then generate highly individualized product recommendations.


The paper studies individual's conflict attitudes to time. They may be specified by a metaphysical foundation. Metaphysical system without Absolute creates such types of individual temporal conflicts as infantilism and «megalism». Metaphysical system with Absolute creates such types of temporal conflicts as «like-childhood» and «as-though-adulthood». The society creates those types and, vice versa, it depends on their functioning.


Grand challenges are complex, large-scale problems requiring collaborative, multidisciplinary attention. Cross-sector collaboration can potentially play a significant role in addressing these challenges by capturing the diverse vision, experience, knowledge and resources of different sectors. Yet we still know little of the inter-organisational dynamics of how sectors work together to address grand challenges and the consequences of doing so. Our article contributes to the literature at the intersection of management and grand challenges by identifying how cross-sector collaborations can be used more effectively to address grand challenges. Drawing on a study of Australia's offshore processing of refugees, we highlight the inter-organisational issues that emerge and develop a collaborative governance framework to overcome these problems and guide future cross-sector collaborations directed at grand challenges. JEL Classification: M5, H11


The European Commission pursues a strategic action plan using the "Safe System" approach. The function, layout and design of roads shall be coordinated in such a way that human error is compensated, and possible accidents no longer cause fatalities or serious injuries. Four fields of action are defined: people, vehicles, roads and laws. This study aims to model the process involved in road safety management in Austria based on the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and to identify areas of improvement that also meet these goals. This is intended to create the basis for a method that can also be applied in practice to meet the "Safe System" approach. The traffic authorities or road owners are responsible for monitoring and enforcing road safety in Austria. Their main instrument is the Road Safety Inspection (RSI) that focuses primarily on road traffic planning aspects. This study proposes a method for including human-road-vehicle interactions in RSI. The STPA-based analysis showed how the road safety management and RSI can be improved to provide more comprehensive, accurate and relevant information about hazards at various levels of the safety management structure. The results can be used for improving the safety of all road users.


Various distributions of particles of sweet-potato starch were created under different regimes of hammer milling in an experiment, which was investigating the digestibility of the sweet-potato flour. The experimental factors were the size of the retention sieve and the number of re-grinding passes through the hammer mill. Twenty four flour samples were produced altogether from six milling settings (two replicates and two sub-samples from each). The distributional data were generated by a particle size analyser (Malvern Instruments Ltd, Malvern WR14 1XZ, UK) in a form of a long binned array of volumetric percentages. The particle size distributions were obviously, and in a complex way, changing with changes in the milling energy. The average volumetric diameter alone was not an adequate summary for the distributions. It was thus required to construct a tailored algorithm for summarizing the distributional changes and relating them to the digestion rates of flours measured subsequently. Here we report a comparative analysis of the goodness-of-fit of three-component mixtures of log-Normal and two-parameter Weibull distributions, and relate the changes in the parameters of the models to the settings of the mill.


Gripped in the revolutionary zeal and enthusiasm, more than one lakh people, clad in red, painted the city red adding to the thousands of red flags fluttered high, scaling the skyline of the Banian city of Tiruppur. Paintings and portraits of communist leaders adorned the walls, arches and hoardings radiating and reflecting a deep sense of commitment that communism as a system must expand to maintain its momentum, to save humanity from exploitation, to establish a socialist society. The new energy of the militant and passionate 'Red Army' of young girls and boys holding aloft the red flags and marching on the streets resonated a message, loud and clear that the CPI shall tune in this new energy successfully to accomplish its political task to overthrow the evil political force of RSSBJP. The political essence of the conference reflected in the political resolution adopted in the conference, the seminar on 'Communal harmony and federalism' held on August 6 with the participation of leaders from the Secular Progressive Alliance, the discussions and addresses of the central leadership of the party gave out a call to 'Blow, Bugles, Blow', burst like a ruthless force to defeat BJP in the 2024 general elections. The 25th state conference of CPI in Tamil Nadu began on August 6, in Tiruppur. The city of Tiruppur bears a resounding significance for its eminence of being the very land where Kumaran, the revolutionary freedom fighter succumbed to the brutal lathi-charge of police for holding the Indian flag. In 1932 the British had banned the Indian flag adopted in 1931, an ensign of the Indian National Army. Holding or hoisting of the flag was meted out with harsh punishment. The young Kumaran, only 28, protested against the British and held the flag high on his chest while falling dead on the ground. He was honoured with the epithet, 'Kodi Katha Kumaran', (Kumaran who protected the flag). Kodi Katha Kumaran stands erect as the symbol of the true Indian patriotism. The ideals of patriotism and nationalism that symbolise are reflections of a progressive revolutionary zeal as against the marauding mobs of BJP workers carrying the tricolour, while lynching minorities thereby insulting and disrespecting the national flag. It is an irony of extreme kind that those who do not even know or learn to respect the national flag shamelessly propagate the 'har ghar tiranga' programme as 'true patriotism', a sham of another breed that solely aims at spreading hatred and suspicion among people. The inaugural address of D Raja, party general secretary set the tone and tenor of the conference. With the best of his eloquence in Tamil to an ostentatious precision of placing facts his address bore the potential grit to build, expand and strengthen the party to defeat the BJP in the general elections of 2024. Speaking on the Draft Political Resolution of the party, he emphasised the need to build a broad unity of the secular democratic forces to take on the BJP. Unleashing a scathing attack on the virulent spread of the communal and casteist


In this paper the author offers an analytical solution to a problem first raised in 1973, namely, what is the equilibrium distribution of city sizes implied by the Yule–Simon model, when the total population of the urban system in question is stationary? Under the assumption that in-migration and out-migration rates are uncorrelated with city sizes, it is shown that Fisher's log-series distribution is that distribution. Fisher's log-series distribution yields a much less concentrated size distribution than does the Yule distribution, which is the equilibrium distribution associated with a pure growth process. Thus, we might expect a lower level of concentration or city size inequality when the overall urban system is stationary than when it is growing.


An Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV) formation flight controller is presented in this paper. This controller is designed based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) & PID algorithms. Simulation of formation keeping and transformation is achieved under Matlab/Simulink, and the performance of the PSO&PID controller is compared with Fuzzy&PID controller. Our approach can solve the quasi-optimal problem while the Fuzzy&PID controller often tend to fall into. The simulation results and their analysis show the short accommodation time, small overshoot and the robustness and stability of our proposed method, and thus proving the controller in this paper to be feasible and effective.


Following 'Wither grand rounds?', readers may be interested to learn of the many gratifying and encouraging responses from the UK and from overseas colleagues. In support of the points made therein, additional recurring …


Melasma is an acquired type of hyperpigmentation that is characterized by the appearance of scattered light‐ to dark‐brown macules and patches on the face. Recently, several lasers have been proposed as treatment options for melasma. In particular, the picosecond alexandrite laser is an ideal laser for selective photothermal melanolysis. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness in melanolysis of a single treatment of the picosecond alexandrite laser with that of the Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser using reflectance confocal microscopy imaging of the melasma lesions.


Summary A method of obtaining an approximately efficient set of farm plans in terms of expected income and variance of income using ordinary linear programming is described. The method is novel in that it allows the farm planner to set any observed covariances between activity gross margins to be set equal to zero if he judges them to be not significantly different from zero on statistical or subjective grounds. The method is applied to a representative farm in Australia, and results obtained are compared with those obtained using quadratic programming.


Countries with small financial systems are generally small economies with a reduced dimension of institutional relationships, a greater concentration of wealth, and a relatively less independent civil service. These characteristics facilitate concentration of functions and, more generally, weak governance. Only small economies with a relatively high level of per capita income, minimum core of sound banks and insurance companies, sound and credible macroeconomic policies, and open capital accounts can benefit from the development of contractual savings. This can increase the options to obtain sound coverage against contingencies, increase the supply of long term savings, promote financial deepening, and improve financial risk management.


CLASSIC herpes zoster (shingles) rarely presents diagnostic or etiologic difficulties in older children or adults. However, no etiology for unilateral grouped vesicular eruptions in the neonate has...


In this paper, an efficient enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) was established for the preparation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from wheat germ protein isolates (WGPI). It promoted the protein conversion and improved the enzyme utilization rate. ACE inhibitory peptides of WGPI were prepared using 5 kDa membrane device for enzyme membrane coupling. Based on the results of the protease activity preservation experiment, substrate intercept experiment, batch EMR experiment and continuous EMR experiment, the conditions of EMR were decided as follows: substrate concentration of 1.2% (w/v), alcalase quantity of 110 μL, temperature of 50C, pH of 9.0, effective volume of 0.4 L, permeation flux of 0.005 L/min and turn into 0.011 L/min after 10 min and runtime of 300 min. The continuous EMR method showed high conversion rate of protein (55.3%) and IC50 of peptides (0.50 mg/mL). The conversion rate of protein significantly increased by 36.17% and the IC50 of peptides significantly reduced by 30.6% compared with the traditional enzymatic hydrolysis method. Therefore, the continuous EMR is beneficial to the efficient production of ACE inhibitory peptides from WGPI.

Practical Applications
Using food protein as raw material, functional polypeptides products have been developed by employing enzymatic hydrolysis and series of high technologies. However, during the preparation of functional polypeptides, some problems of low reaction efficiency, product yield and product activity existed, which seriously influence the performance of technology industrialization. The enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) is an effective mode which can achieve continuous operation by the integration of substrate enzymolysis, enzyme recovery and hydrolyzate separation in functional polypeptides producing. Utilization of the EMR technology will not only increase food protein commercial value, but will also satisfy the needs of the polypeptide processing industries for efficient, low-cost producing.


Taking Xiaogang Village sports as research object,this paper explores the positive effect of village sports in constructing the harmonious rural community.The result shows that Village sports can effectively maintain social stability in rural areas,to enhance the harmony between the groups;effectively circumvent the rural social and moral anomie and enhance the harmony of spiritual civilization in rural areas;is an important medium for the rural cultural heritage,to enhance the harmony of the rural culture;enhance farmers 'level of physical health,improve farmers' physical and mental harmony.


The use of mRNA provides several compelling benefits. Cavitation-mediated delivery of mRNA has yet to be fully explored, especially in the context of achieving delivery of non-encapsulated, "free" mRNA. We present data that explore the relationship between cavitation and the transfer of, and protein expression from, free, fluorescently labelled mRNA. The protein expression exhibited in various cell lines in vitro was further tested in vivo, using sub-micron sized cavitation nuclei and the effects on transfection efficiency and expression time were examined. Acoustic exposure parameters were carefully selected, using a focused 0.5 MHz ultrasound transducer: pressure was varied from 0.3 to 2.1 MPa and 100–50 000 cycles at 5% duty cycle were used to achieve different cavitation regimes. A difference in expression time and transfection rate was observed between different cavitation nuclei and acoustic parameters. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to characterise events in vitro. Expression due to cavitation-mediated delivery was further examined in vivo using the In Vivo imagining system and quantified using excised homogenised tumour tissue. These results provide us with a measurement window for maximum expression, exploration of how time points change across cell lines and lay the foundations for cavitation-mediated delivery and transfection of free mRNA.


Based on fuzzy theory,the study focuses on the economic performance of transitional countries.A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to make empirical research on eight typical countries during 1994 to 2003.It shows distinctive breakout phenomenon by different reform path in the beginning of transition.The causes of performance breakout are discussed for the difference of production capacity which is induced by investment level.


. An object G in a category is epicomplete provided that the only morphisms out of G which are simultaneously epi and mono are the isomorphisms. We characterize the epicomplete objects in the category Arch, whose objects are the archimedean lattice-ordered groups (archimedean ('-groups) and whose morphisms are the maps preserving both group and lattice structure ( f-homomorphisms). Recall that a space is basically disconnected if the closure of each cozero subset is open. Theorem. The following are equivalent for G € Arch . (a) G is Arch epicomplete. (b) G is an Arch extremal suboject of D(Y) for some basically disconnected compact Hausdorffspace Y . Here D(Y) denotes the continuous extended real-valued functions on Y which are finite on a dense subset. (c) G is conditionally and laterally a-complete (meaning each countable subset of positive elements of G which is either bounded or pairwise disjoint has a supremum), and G is divisible. The analysis of Arch rests on an analysis of the closely related category W , whose objects are of the form (G, u), where G e Arch and u is a weak unit (meaning g Au = 0 implies g = 0 for all g 6 G), and whose morphisms are the /-homomorphism preserving the weak unit. Theorem. The following are equivalent for (G,w)eW. (a) (G, u) is W epicomplete.


The utility model relates to the technical field of wireless mice, and particularly discloses a self-charging wireless mouse which comprises a mouse body, wherein a magnetic induction electric quantity generation device is arranged in the mouse body and used for supplying working electric quantity to the mouse. According to the self-charging wireless mouse, the working electric quantity is supplied to the mouse through the magnetic induction electric quantity generation device arranged in the mouse body, and mechanical energy generated by movement of the mouse is converted into electric energy, so that electric quantity is generated; and accordingly, during the use, a user can charge the mouse, and the mouse can be truly charged when used, so that troubles and inconvenience which are caused by frequent replacement of batteries are avoided; the mouse is more convenient to use, and the requirement for environment protection is met; and at the same time, the mouse has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost.


NICKERSON, NORTON H. (Washington U., St. Louis, Missouri.) Sustained treatment with gibberellic acid of maize plants carrying one of the dominant genes Teopod and Corn-grass. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(10): 809-815. Illus. 1960.-Groups of field-grown plants of 2 dominant maize mutants, Corn-grass (Cg) and Teopod (Tp), were treated with either distilled water or with 1 of 3 concentrations of aqueous gibberellic acid (GA) every 3 days from the seedling stage until tassel emergence. Both dominant mutants were found to respond to GA in such manner that certain treated plants became essentially normal in phenotype. The role of GA in modifying expression of specific genes is briefly discussed. EFFECTS of gibberellic acid on different plants are being reported with increasing frequency. Stowe and Yamaki (1957) presented the first complete review; recently (1959) they have made a short but up-to-date survey. Brian (1959) has covered recent literature more thoroughly and has made an attempt to integrate some of the seemingly controversial effects reported. The first instance in which plants of known genotype were phenotypically modified by external application of gibberellic acid (hereinafter called GA) was reported by Phinney (1956) in his work with maize. Brian and Hemming (1955) also obtained a similar reaction to GA by dwarf peas, but the peas they employed were a commercial variety of unilknown genotype. Other work by Plummer and Tomes (1957) on dwarf tomatoes, by Cooper (1958) oni dwarf perennial rye-grass (Lolium), and by Irvinie and Freyre (1960) on dwarf Tephrosia has shown that gibberellic acid could overcome effects of these specific recessive genes such that treated plants in each case assuLmed proportions of normal plants. All the instances cited involved recessive genes; this paper deals with effects of GA on 2 dominant genes found in maize, Corn-grass (Cg) and Teopod (Tp). Both these genes may be reduced in expression by appropriate treatment with GA to the point where plants that carry them are essentially normal in appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-A limited supply of seed2 of the 2 stocks containing these genes was planted on June 20, 1958. Both samples were derived from open-pollinated ears, but plants were in such positions in the field that pollen available was only from siblings. Each of the seed stocks was shelled from a single ear which exhibited the genetic clharacter being investigated. Germination 'Received for publication MIay 18, 1959. This work was part of a research program carried out during the summer of 1958 while the author held a National Science Foundation Science Faculty Fellowship. Thanks are extended to Dr. B. 0. Phinney who kindly consented to review this manuscript. 2 Seed stocks were kindly supplied by Dr. William L. Browni, Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Johnston, Iowa. was nearly 100%. Each of the 2 stands of seedlings was divided into 4 equal groups. Each Cg group contained 9 plants; each Tp group contained 17 plants. On July 9, about 2 wk. after germination, young plants had 3-4 leaves, and treatments were begun. Each third day thereafter, until tassel emergenice, 1 ml. of distilled water only for control plants and for others 1 ml. of distilled water containing a particular concentration of GA 3 was administered to each of the respective apical leaf cavities. A total of 14 treatments was administered before tassel emergence. In cases where excessive tillers developed, only the original main leaf cavity was treated. Treatments are summarized in table 1. The groups were not randomized, but another experiment in the same field (Nickerson, 1959) showed conclusively that results obtained with identical concentrations of GA were independent of field location for any particular strain of maize. GA solutions wvere freshly made each week and kept in darkness at 19?C. To eliminate any possible effect of interaction between insecticides, fungicides and GA. no snraving was done either for control of fungi, of which none was noted, or for insects. of which both corn earworm and corn borers were noted. Fertilizer (Agrico 5-10-10) was applied at the rate of 600 lb. per acre during the fourth week after planting. RESULTS. Plants containing the dominant Corngrass gene were found to respond to treatment with GA in direct relation to dosage. The numbers of Cg plants which occurred in each treatment group of 9 plants were 5. 5, 5 and 4 respectively. Tke genotypes of the 'lants are thus assumed to be either +/+ or Cg/+, the combinations to be expected if an ear on a Cg/+ plant were pollinated with pollen produced on a +/+ plant. The results noted below are based on a coromarison of all mutant plants in each group. Each Cg-carrying plant could be easily identified at the third leaf stage by its narrow, glaucous blue-green leaves. 'GA used in this experiment was supplied by courtesy of Dr. Curt Leben, Agricultural Research Division, Eli Lilly & Company, Greenfield, Indiana. rThe JOURNAL for November (47: 713-808) was issued November 14, 1960.1 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, Vol. 47, No. 10. December, 1960


Submitted for the DAMOP09 Meeting of The American Physical Society New Method for Light Shift Elimination in Optical Pumping Systems BART MCGUYER, YUAN-YU JAU, WILLIAM HAPPER, Princeton University — We present a new method to eliminate the light shift in atomic frequency standards and other optical pumping systems. This method uses only frequency modulation of a radio frequency or microwave source in order to simultaneously lock the source frequency to an atomic resonance and lock the pumping light to eliminate the light shift. In contrast, conventional stabilization of both sources requires two individual modulation schemes and feedback loops, adding complexity. Our method kills two birds with one stone. The method uses fewer additional components and offers improved performance, reduced cost, and easier miniaturization than previous methods. In particular, few modifications are required for implementation in conventional vapor-cell atomic clocks. We believe this technique will be useful for atomic frequency standards and other optical pumping systems that experience the light shift. We will present experimental results validating this method in a vapor-cell clock, and will also present numerical results verifying this method. Bart McGuyer Princeton University Date submitted: 21 Jan 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


A detailed description of the site, facilities, and characteristics of the UTR Test Reactor and operations to be performed are presented. Also included is an evaluation of safety considerations and an analysis of potential hazards which might result from installation or operation of this reactor. Based on satisfactory operation of similar prototype reactors in the past and on a detailed hazards analysis, it was concluded that the operation of the reactor at this site wiil not constitute a potential hazard to property or persons in the surrounding area. The application for construction permit and facility license is included. (M.C.G.)


Purpose To improve the method for the determination of amino acids in Bivalirudin.Methods The C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column was used.The phosphate buffer was used as mobile phase A,60% acetonitrile was used as mobile phase B and the temperature of column was 37 ℃.The flow rate was 1.4 mL/min and the detective wavelength was 248 nm.Results The average recovery was 95.1%~98.3% and RSD was 0.8%~1.2%.Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate.It can be used for the determination of amino acids in Bivalirudin.


Abstract In this paper, the author will attempt to assist therapists with their work with traumatized children using play therapy. The discussion includes signs and symptoms that a traumatized child may exhibit. In addition, the paper will contain selected therapeutic powers of play and how they can aid in the treatment of traumatized children. The case examples provided throughout this paper are actual experiences taken from the author's clinical practice in a hospice setting. cognitive reappraisals, reasons and turning points); (c) misperceptions; and (d) post-traumatic play and reenactment.


Bragg gratings with a second-order resonance wavelength in the near-IR spectral region have been inscribed into single-mode chalcogenide (As2S3) glass fibre by a He — Ne laser beam using a configuration typical of Bragg grating fabrication in germanosilicate fibre, with the use of a phase mask that ensures effective diffraction of the writing light into the +1 and -1 orders. The spectra of the inscribed gratings show no resonances due to cladding mode excitation because the cladding material is photosensitive.


Carps ( Cyprinus carpio ) were treated with ①rearing in calcium enriched freshwater (CEF,supplemented with 0 5% CaCl 2),②injecting VD 3 (5?000?U per 100?g body weight) or carps corpuscle of Stannius (CS) homogenate (0 5?mg per 100?g body weight) into abdominal cavity after 8 days rearing in CEF,and ③transferring to natural freshwater after 28 days rearing in CEF.The hypercalcemia of carps was induced by the CEF;and the plasma calcium level (PCL) further increased and decreased by injection VD 3 and CS homogenate,respectively.While PCL increased,CS follicles shrunk,and CS secretory cells changed as follows:the nucleus enlarged,the rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated,and the secretory granules depleted.The shrinking and changes indicate that calcium can stimulate synthesis and releasing of CS secretory cells,but hyperactivity of these cells results in exhaustion and rupture.While PCL decreased,or returned back to the natural freshwater,above symptoms lightened,and the secretory granules in CS secretory cells accumulated.The state of carps CS is influenced by the calcium level out of cell and body,and the influences are reversible.


Objective:To analyze the CT manifestation and to improve the CT diagnosis for upper abdominal metastasis of primary hepatoma,cholecystic carcinoma,pancreatic carcinoma and gastric carcinoma.Methods:The CT manifestations of 67 surgically and pathologically proved cases of primary hepatoma,cholecystic carcinoma,pancreatic carcinoma and gastric carcinoma with metastatic lesions in the upper abdominal region were studied.Results:The CT signs of upper abdominal metastasis of primary hepatoma,cholecystic carcinoma,pancreatic carcinoma and gastric carcinoma included metastatic lymphadenopathy,neighbouring organs transfer,metastasis of peritoneal implant and blood.Conclusion:Although the same CT signs,upper abdominal metastasis of primary hepatoma,cholecystic carcinoma,pancreatic carcinoma and gastric carcinoma has different features.


It is said that 4IR requires new ways of conducting business, including planning for technological capabilities. Although technology roadmaps have been widely used for strategic technology planning, constructing and customising one for a specific domain is challenging. This study explored technology management processes and support tools for 4IR technologies for the SANDF that can be customised to construct technology roadmaps in C2 systems. Qualitative based interviews were conducted, as a primary data source, with the technology management personnel from the Acquisition agency of the SANDF (Armscor), and official documents from the SANDF, as a secondary data source, were analysed. Content analysis of the interview responses and documents show that various processes, including identification, selection, development, exploitation, protection, and learning, are used to manage C2 technologies. However, due to users' low understanding of the C2 environment, there is not much technology roadmapping-taking place in C2, especially in Defence. Moreover, 4IR is viewed differently from technology management (human capability), therefore falling outside the scope of technology management, resulting in few technology projects on 4IR. This study contributes to the understanding of a universal toolkit for generic technology management activities by providing confirmation results in a Defence environment.


The invention relates to mixed edible oil which consists of the following components by weight percent: 2-40 percent of kadsura oil, and 60-98 percent of bean oil or peanut oil or colza oil or sesame oil. The edible oil contains the kadsura oil and the bean oil or the peanut oil or the colza oil or the sesame oil, and has functions of supplementing qi, engendering blood, protecting the liver, tonifying the kidney, invigorating the stomach, tonifying the spleen, strengthening the muscle and bone, moistening the skin and anti-aging, and the like, and the oil has a certain auxiliary effect in curing coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, anemia and neurasthenia when being eaten for a long time.


It is not clear as to whom this rather tabloid title is addressed. Its orthopaedic content hardly justifies inclusion in our Book Review pages. And yet, given time to step back from our specialty, this is a subject which deserves some attention. It is no longer good enough to be single-minded in


The results of a cross-cultural study of volitional regulation in in representatives of 11 ethno-cultural groups living in the territory of the Russian Federation and the former USSR are presented. The representatives of the Armenian, Bashkir, Byelorussian, Jewish, Mari, Ossetian, Russian, Tajik, Tatar, Ukrainian peoples, as well as the Komi people were compared. The samples were balanced by gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics. In total, 1156 people took part in the study. To diagnose the individual characteristics of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: "Action-control scale" by Yu. Kuhl, "Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior", self-evaluation of volitional qualities. The presence of significant differences between the groups for all measured parameters was shown (p<0.001). The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the presence of cross-cultural differences in the parameters of volitional regulation and confirm the ideas of the volition as a higher mental function.


Objective: To compare the effects of two different ways of insulin delivery in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with obesity(T2DM).Methods: We conducted continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII) for 206 and multiple daily insulin injection(MDI) for 180 type 2 diabetic patients with obesity and compared the 2 groups in the blood glucose(BG) level,time needed to achieve good BG control,insulin dose and incidence of hypoglycemic episodes. Results: Compared with MDI,CSII significantly reduced the time for achieving the target BG,achieved better glucose control and lowered the dose of insulin(P0.05),with no difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the 2 groups(P0.05). Conclusion: CSII appeared to be superior to MDI in controlling BG,with lower insulin dose,less time,better results and fewer complications for type 2 diabetic patients with obesity.


Seat control panels, clockwise from upper left: (1) The control panel is hidden on the side of the seat bottom. (2) A modification of the Mercedes-type door-mounted panel. (3) This panel, mounted on the sidearm, presents compatibility problems. (4) Egregiously poor design of a console-mounted control panel. ergonomic blunder. This year's power seat controls can be found in any of four locations: on the side of the seat, on the door, on the sidearm panel, 'or on the central console. Photo 1 below might look familiar if you drive a car with power seat controls. From left to right, the toggle switches on the side of the seat allow the driver to raise or lower the front of the seat, adjust its height, and raise or lower the rear of the Power Seats Perhaps no other interface area has received as much attention as power seat controls, and for good reason. Not only is there more variation in the design of these controls, but these designs also span the widest range of ergonomic quality from pure ergonomic elegance to blatant power window controls, and steering wheel controls. A THIS YEAR'S San Francisco auto show one might have thought that the auto manufacturers were moonlighting as public relations specialists for the Human. Factors and Ergonomics Society: nearly every display, pamphlet, and spokesperson reminded us of the "ergonomic" qualities of their cars. Some went further, attempting to define ergonomic quality as "controls within easy reach" or "gauges at or near eye-level." While most visitors kicked wheels, looked under the hood, and stared glassy-eyed with sticker shock, we conducted an ergonomic interface analysis of the 1993 automobiles. We focused on the issue of mapping: between displays and controls, and between controls and their effects. For background we reviewed some of the perceptual-cognitive interface literature (see "Selected References"). Our evaluation included physical measurements, such as visual angle, physical interaction (for example, actually trying to move a seat forward), and cognitive simulation (trying, for instance, to imagine how we would view a display or operate a control while driving). We're pleased to report that we saw many good and innovative designs and much evidence that the auto industry is indeed aware of the importance of considering the user's perspective in the design process. Yet, although it is obvious that more time and, by definition, money is being spent on "ergonomics," many implementations leave much to be desired. In this column we'll concentrate on power seat controls,


Derivatives of 5-Methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (1a), 5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (1b) and 2-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (1c) have been brominated in various ways. The compounds (1a, 1b, 1c) were synthesized by condensation reaction between the ethylacetoacetate and hydrazine derivatives. All the products have been characterized by extensive use of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectral analysis. Investigation of the cytotoxicity of these compounds was carried out against brine shrimp by lethality bioassay. The cytotoxicity studies of the synthesized compounds revealed that compound 4,4-Dibromo-2-(2,4-dinitro-phenyl) -5-methyl -2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (2c) had shown tremendous bioactivity against brine shrimp. However, the Compounds 4,4-dibromo-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (2a), 4,4-Dibromo-2-(2,4-dibromo-phenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (2b) and 4,4-dibromo-2-(dinitro-phenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (2c) showed higher activity leaving the other compounds all most inactive.


Let X* be the free monoid on the alphabet set X,and the concept of a transversal of the language diagram Γ(X*) is introduced.On the basis of the relation between the transversal of language diagram Γ(X*) and maximal prefix code,i.e.,a prefix code A is maximal if and only if A be a transversal of language diagram Γ(X*),some characterizations and properties of semaphore codes are given.


Now-a-days due to high availability of computing facilities, large amount of data in electronic form is generated. The data generated is to be analyzed so as to maximize the benefits, for intelligent decision making. If the data generated is in the structured form then a large amount of work in analyzing such structured data is available. But in case of textual data, which is also termed as unstructured data, the need to analyze such data has become inevitable. This paper attempts in exploring the methods in analyzing the unstructured data.


Aging is not entirely a negative process, but old age is undoubtedly a difficult period, worsened by the inadequacy of social institutions to care for their aged. The elderly is faced with several health and social challenges which created a gap in traditional family system that caters for the well-being of aged. It is against this background the study examined the effect of social support on the psychological well-being of the elderly in old people's homes in Ibadan.
The study used descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised of 122 elderly within the ages of 65 years and above who were purposively drawn from three (3) old people's homes in Ibadan that operate on residential and non-residential services. Three research instruments were used: Social Support was assessed by the adapted scale of "multidimensional scale of perceived social support" (r=32); psychological well-being was measure by adapted scale of 'the general psychological well-being index' (r=82); social well-being was measured by adapted scale of 'Perceived Social Well-being Questionnaire'(r=68). The reliability of the instrument yielded r=0.84 Crobanch Alpha.
Five null hypotheses were formulated and tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance and multiple regression was used to test the variables with magnitude effect on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly. The study established that there was a significant effect of emotional support on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (f-cal=128.058, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05). The study also showed that, there is a significant effect of financial support on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (f-cal=64.821, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05). Furthermore, the study established that, there is significant effect of companionship on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (fcal= 32.506, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05), also, the study showed that, there is a significant effect of information access on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (f-cal=120.655, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05). In terms of magnitude of effect, companionship contributed most to the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (s=0.798; t=8.685; P<0.05), followed by information access (s=0.609; t=6.788; P<0.05); followed by emotional support (s=0.137; t=5.150; P<0.05) and next is financial support (s=0.239; t=2.300; P<0.05).
The findings showed that social support (emotional support, information access, companionship, financial support) has significant effect on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly in old people's homes. It was recommended that, there is need for the structural framework to address the complex system of the elderly services in all old people's homes. The areas of services should include economic services, attitudes of people towards aging, establishing support groups, aged responsive library services and health care services that are responsive to the needs of the elderly.


The indigenous population occupying the place where Buenos Aires was founded in 1580 has always been seen as nomadic or semi-nomadic. This has been interpreted as having no form of architecture, or what used left no traces that archeology could recover. A review of studies already done in the city shows at least two cases in which a series of postholes located in lines could indicate the likely presence of so-called indigenous awnings. That is evidence of having been made constructions with vertical posts and closed with branches, straw or hides of cows or horses as recorded in historical documentation, which subsisted in others regions until the nineteenth century.
But it also may have been some kind of very modest timber of the poor Creole architecture, although cultural materiality has to confirm the first hypothesis.


This paper attempts to systematically look at the differences in wages earned between male workers belonging to various caste and religious identities in India, and how that has changed over time. I use data from seven different rounds of National Sample Survey (NSS) to investigate the wage differences that accrue due to different caste and religious identities. I find that Indian Muslim men earn slightly lower wages compared to their upper-caste Hindu counterparts, and this difference has grown slightly over the period of 1983 to 2011. However, this difference is not uniform across all location, education and worker categories. While there are hardly any differences in wages earned between Muslim workers and upper-caste Hindu workers for unskilled labourers, for more educated salaried workers, the differences are high especially in urban areas. A similar pattern emerges for workers of lower-castes, although their earnings in many cases are even lower than Muslim workers. Lack of entrepreneurship among the urban Muslims and lower-caste Hindus in the formal sector might be responsible for their plights. Policies that encourage skill development and development of entrepreneurship among Muslims and especially lower-caste Hindus in the formal sector will help alleviating the conditions of these demographic groups.


This study investigates the effect of hyperarticulated, intelligibility‐enhancing clear speech on English speech rhythm. Ramus et al. [Ramus et al., ''Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal,'' Cognition 72, 265–292 (1999)] showed that temporal properties of a speech signal such as the percentage of vocalic intervals (%V) and variability of consonantal and vocalic intervals (C, V) can be related to phonological properties such as presence/absence of unstressed vowel reduction and syllable structure complexity, and are consequently quite successful at grouping languages into the traditional rhythmic classes (stress‐, syllable‐, and mora‐timed). Here, we explore whether/how clear speech affects stress‐timed characteristics of English sentences in terms of these measures. Results revealed that the proportion of vocalic intervals (%V) within sentences remained stable across speaking styles, i.e., consonants and vowels were lengthened equally in clear speech. However, variability of both vocalic and consonantal intervals (V, C) was higher in clear than in conversational speech. The increase in V and C was achieved primarily through insertion/strengthening of short vocalic and consonantal segments that were dropped or coarticulated with surrounding sounds in conversational speech, making word and syllable boundaries more salient. These results suggest that increased intelligibility of clear speech can in part be attributed to prosodic structure enhancement by means of enhanced syllable and word boundaries demarcation.This study investigates the effect of hyperarticulated, intelligibility‐enhancing clear speech on English speech rhythm. Ramus et al. [Ramus et al., ''Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal,'' Cognition 72, 265–292 (1999)] showed that temporal properties of a speech signal such as the percentage of vocalic intervals (%V) and variability of consonantal and vocalic intervals (C, V) can be related to phonological properties such as presence/absence of unstressed vowel reduction and syllable structure complexity, and are consequently quite successful at grouping languages into the traditional rhythmic classes (stress‐, syllable‐, and mora‐timed). Here, we explore whether/how clear speech affects stress‐timed characteristics of English sentences in terms of these measures. Results revealed that the proportion of vocalic intervals (%V) within sentences remained stable across speaking styles, i.e., consonants and vowels were lengthened equally in clear speech. However, variability of both vocalic a...


Although the etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) are unknown, it has long been believed that aberrant immune function may play a role.' Within recent years the concept that suppressor T lymphocytes may be reduced in the disease has received considerable emphasis. During acute attacks reduced Con A-induced suppressor cell activity2 and reduced T gamma cells' have been described. Impaired production of interferon has been In addition, some investigators have observed abnormalities of the natural killer cells: but this area is somewhat controversial.6 Subsequent to the development of monoclonal antibodies which recognize different subsets of T lymphocytes' it was reported that the subset defined by the OKT5 antiserum was reduced in patients during acute episodes of MS.' This was believed to be consistent with the notion of deficiency of suppressor cells in MS because the population of Con A-induced T cells which suppress the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction' was shown to be OKTS positive. Reduced OKT5 cells were also reported by Bach et al.'*; subsequently, the OKT8 antiserum was introduced as a marker for the same set of lymphocytes defined by OKT5. With this reagent, Hauser et al." provided evidence that variation in lymphocyte subsets correlated with disease activity. However, recently others" have failed to find changes in lymphocyte phenotypes during acute episodes of MS. For the past three years lymphocyte phenotypes have been examined in patients being investigated by the Neuroimmunology Branch. In order to interpret the findings in patients, considerable effort has been devoted to the study of lymphocytes in normal individuals. The purpose of this report is to describe our findings to date in both normals and MS patients.


William Campbell was born in Belfast. He attended five primary schools and two secondary schools, owing to his father's work in the Royal Ulster Constabulary. On finishing school, he was accepted to study medicine at Queen's University Belfast, although it was a choice of career between medicine and photography. A mentor in photography told him: "You can work in medicine and have photography as a hobby, but you can't do it the other way round."


Adjunct teachers in non-government funded institutions are increasingly demonstrating their impact.The value of adjunct teachers in non-government funded institutions is addressed from both macro-and-micro perspectives,which indicates that adjunct teachers are teaching assistances that enhance teaching quality,harbour students' sensibility and therefore contribute social stability.Countermeasures to the problems attributed by adjunct teaching are proposed to provide useful references to non-government funded institutions for appropriate employment of adjunct teachers.


Objective:To study the influence and mechanism of Norcantharidin (NCTD) on growth of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods: There were NCTD group and control group in the study. The inhibitory rate, cell cycle arrest , apoptosis and morphological changes were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry and microscope and scan electron microscope, respectively. Results:The inhibitory effect of NCTD on growth of SGC-7901 cells was in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The flow cytometric profiles revealed that the G2/ M phase cells obviously increased and the S phase cells decreased in percentage of SGC-7901 cells , with the increased rate of cell apoptosis. Cell shrinkage ,membrane budding , and karyorrhexis of SGC-7901 cells could been seen by microscope and scan electron microscope. Conclusion: NCTD can inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cell lines. The mechanism might correlate with inhibition of cell proliferation , blockade of cell cycle , inhibition of DNA synthesis and metabolism and induction of cell apoptosis .


Because of departing from the explanation of ancient weapon made of bamboo in Zhouli and Shuowen, two famous books in ancient China . the scholars who studied this ancient weapon resulted that they didn't find what kind of shape of the head of this weapon was. Thus it influenced the meaning of this word. Now we begin to study it from the Zhouli and Shuowen and found that this word is the ancient word of "beat". Now we know the shape of this ancient weapon.


Nowadays, SOI field-effect Hall (SOI FEHS) sensor has a number of advantages due to the expansion of the functionality of such a device. The main disadvantage of SOI FEHS is the relatively low magnetic sensitivity. Therefore, the main task is to consider the possibility of increasing the magnetic sensitivity of such sensors. In the paper we have studied a mathematical model and simulation route for the description of the electrical parameters of SOI field-effect Hall sensor by comparing the transfer characteristics as described in the work and calculated using the device and technology simulation Synopsys TCAD. Thereby a method for increasing the magnetic sensitivity by changing the substrate concentration in the working layer of the sensor has been considered. The developed mathematical model allows us to study the features of SOI Hall sensor field in details as well as to increase magnetics sensitivity.


Abstract Background In the 1970s, Jack Flanagan developed the first Geriatric Day Hospital (GDH) in Ireland. Since, the GDH model of care has evolved to accommodate for the growing demands of our ageing population. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the operational scope of our GDH was extended to allow for the rapid medical and multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up of older patients. During the pandemic, the GDH did not suspend operations and remained open as a COVID-negative ambulatory pathway. We evaluated the activity of this GDH service. Methods Retrospective Service Evaluation Approval was granted by our Research & Innovation Office (Reference: 7419). Pseudonymised data corresponding to all GDH attendances between January 2017 and December 2021 were retrieved from the hospital electronic records. Yearly trends in proportions were tested with the Chi-square for trend statistic. Trends in monthly attendances were assessed via Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts with three-sigma limits. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results There were 27,278 attendances of patients aged 65 and over to the GDH over the 5-year period (6,362, 5,978, 6,115, 4,306, and 4,517, respectively). Mean age was 82 every year. Of the 7,813 new episodes, yearly proportions referred directly by primary care teams were 10.4%, 29.5%, 38.6%, 24.5%, and 16.3% (p<0.001). SPC charts showed that Apr-May 2020 and Jan-Feb 2021 had significantly lower numbers of review attendances (50-59 and 146-142, respectively, average 324 p/m). However, new appointments did not significantly decline (average 130 p/m). Of the 7,813 new episodes, 2,595 (33.2%) were seen by Physiotherapy, and 1,860 (23.8%) by Occupational Therapy. Conclusion Our GDH saw a sustained number of new attendances and demonstrated increased community availability during the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis, especially during the first wave of the pandemic when hospital access was most affected. A rapid access GDH model can facilitate integrated care at times of crisis to promote ageing in place.


A web map of soil pollution in Lviv region was developed.To create the web map of soil quality in Lvivregion, we used a very convenient and popular platform "ArcGIS Online". For our case, Excel tables were developed: soil samples from the places of pollution by industrial enterprises and landfills provided by the Department of Instrumental and Laboratory Control of the State Ecological Inspectorate in Lviv region; content analyses of labile forms of salts of heavy metals in soil samples; observations on the quality of agricultural soils in Lviv region.


In this paper, we develop a unified framework for linear nonregenerative multicarrier multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay communications in the absence of the direct source-destination link. This unified framework classifies most commonly used design objectives such as the minimal mean-square error and the maximal mutual information into two categories: Schur-concave and Schur-convex functions. We prove that for Schur-concave objective functions, the optimal source precoding matrix and relay amplifying matrix jointly diagonalize the source-relay-destination channel matrix and convert the multicarrier MIMO relay channel into parallel single-input single-output (SISO) relay channels. While for Schur-convex objectives, such joint diagonalization occurs after a specific rotation of the source precoding matrix. After the optimal structure of the source and relay matrices is determined, the linear nonregenerative relay design problem boils down to the issue of power loading among the resulting SISO relay channels. We show that this power loading problem can be efficiently solved by an alternating technique. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.


A train-arrival notification system's goal is to keep safe the personnel working on remotely located railroad when a train is approaching. This demo paper provides technical insights of the open hardware and software developments of this system which scientific merit is presented in [1]. Its main components, circuitry and design are discussed with a main focus on the radio communication parts.


Deploying the concept of 'new constitutionalism', neo-Gramscian scholar Stephen Gill provides an important critique of the way in which hegemonic neoliberal forms of knowledge have become 'locked in' or constitutionalised in a set of regimes and institutions in a variety of different global contexts, including in the political economy of the European Union (EU). This constitutionalisation, it is argued, shrinks the political space for the contestation of economic structures that favour capital interests. This article is sympathetic to the idea that institutional or juridical technologies of government can contribute to the reification of particular hegemonic rationalities or discourses. As many constructivists, critical theorists and post-structuralists note, a coalescence around a set of ideas – described variously as intersubjective understandings, historical structures or rationalities of government – may play a significant role in the manifestation of economic and political structural realities. Thus, just as in the late nineteenth century, so in the era of the Washington consensus, 'laissez-faire was planned', in the sense that it depended on the coalescence of ideas in its support. Ideas or rationalities which emanated from certain thinkers percolated through states and transnational ideational networks at particular historical moments, and became manifest in the form of institutions, international regimes and other governing technologies. Consequently, neoliberalism should not be conceived as non-intervention in society; while it involves a rhetorical rolling back of the state, it relies upon a corresponding 'roll-out' of neoliberal principles which may be achieved via the law. While in agreement with the notion that ideas are closely connected with structural realities, this article departs from the new constitutionalism approach in two important respects. First, it questions the association of the law or constitutionalism with neoliberalism, highlighting that a liberal constitution may encompass far more than a neoliberal rationality; indeed, it might be formulated in accordance with more social-democratic political preferences. In practice, the space for resistance to neoliberal rationalities granted by a democratic constitutionalism in the New Political Economy, Vol. 13, No. 4, December 2008


A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can control the wireless propagation environment by modifying the reflected signals. This feature requires channel state information (CSI). Considering the dimensionality of typical RIS, CSI acquisition requires lengthy pilot transmissions. Hence, developing channel estimation techniques with low pilot overhead is vital. Moreover, the large aperture of the RIS may cause transmitters/receivers to fall in its near-field region, where both distance and angles affect the channel structure. This paper proposes a parametric maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) framework for jointly estimating the direct channel between the user and the base station and the line-of-sight channel between the user and the RIS. A novel adaptive RIS configuration strategy is proposed to select the RIS configuration for the next pilot to actively refine the estimate. We design a minimal-sized codebook of orthogonal RIS configurations to choose from during pilot transmission with a dimension much smaller than the number of RIS elements. To further reduce the required number of pilots, we propose an initialization strategy with two wide beams. We demonstrate numerically that the proposed MLE framework only needs 6-8 pilots when conventional non-parametric estimators need 1025 pilots. We also showcase efficient user channel tracking in near-field and far-field scenarios.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Symptoms vary from muscle weakness to vision loss and tend to worsen during flares and improve during periods of remission. Psychiatric symptoms are common in people with MS, impacting the quality of life and some features of MS (fatigue, sleep, disability, adherence to disease-modifying drugs). The main psychiatric manifestations of MS are depressive, bipolar, anxiety, schizophrenic, and obsessive–compulsive syndromes. We will present the case of a 46-year-old female patient who came to our clinic for disorientation to time and space, impaired recent and recall memory, auditory hallucinations, sad mood, irritability, and slightly decreased appetite for food.


Key factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy are poor glycaemic control and vascular disease. Strict glycaemic control reduces diabetic nerve damage. Factors accelerating nerve damage include alcohol, smoking, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Diabetic neuropathy is classified according to type of nerve fibres affected or clinical syndrome. (author abstract)


We provide the first algorithm for online bandit linear optimization whose regret after T rounds is of order √ T d ln N on any finite class X ⊆ R d of N actions, and of order d √ T (up to log factors) when X is infinite. These bounds are not improvable in general. The basic idea utilizes tools from convex geometry to construct what is essentially an optimal exploration basis. We also present an application to a model of linear bandits with expert advice. Interestingly, these results show that bandit linear optimization with expert advice in d dimensions is no more difficult (in terms of the achievable regret) than the online d-armed bandit problem with expert advice (where EXP4 is optimal).


"NATURAL " THERAPEUTICS. MAiwY of our readers know that there are in Germany institutions devoted to the cure of diseases by what are called 'iiatural " methodgi(Naturheiikusnde), but the extent to which they have secured acceptance from the German ppublic may not be so well understood; and as it without doubt-maraks agrowing tendency with'which the medical profession' will have to reckon more and more, the lntroduotion'to natural therapeutics by-physical and dietetic agents, which Dr. FzIRNAND SANDOZ has published, scquires special interest and -importance. In Germany lthee is a society for the promotion of theee methods of treating disease, which' is said, to number 150,OCO members, to have branches In all large and in many small centres, and to be rapidly extendig -its influence by means of -meetings, lectures, and the publication of -a journal which has 'a circulation of 145,000 copies! A popular encyclopaediapublished by Bltz 'is said to have been translated into many languages, and to have reached a sale of more than a million. 'The movement is for the most part outiie the -medical profession, but a certain number of medical -men have founded a society for -the study of physical and ddietetic therapeutics, and some of its membaer have abandoned the useeof drugs and treat all diseases by physicalanddietetic means. :Dr. Sandoz appears to be the son of a hydropath, who has long ;been intereeted in the treatment of disease without drugs; 'he has therefore been tratned with a view to practise by these means, and has been-sent to study in Germany'in order to learn the methods that are there in use. Tbis book, which is founded upon several years of study, is his graduation thesis at the -University of Parls, and isdedicated-to Profeseors Bouchard and Roger. The author wri-tes from the point of view of a strong believer 'in the 'methods he describes. He claims that, so far from being a-system of quackery, it is a philosophic method superior to that generally followed by orthodox medicine, which, he says, has allowed itself to remain in respect ho" treatment in-a state of gross empiricism. He h6lds that there can be only two methods of treating disease; first, the " pathogenic," in which an agent is used capable of attacking the cause of the disease directly, as when quinine is used to deatroy the malaria microbe; the s hid is 'the " -notaral" methed, whih aets .on the organism by modifying external'factors,-which it kdoes by means of " excitants "; these may be (1) thermic, applied bymeans of water, air, bricke, or sand, and -be either hot or cold; (2) mechanical, including massage, movements, vibrations; (3) luminous, as sun baths; (4) electrical, ,rately indicated in the"natural" system; and (5) dietetic, 4hiefly quantitative, by increising or 'diminishing the -onstituents of diet. For some reason or other, Dr. Sandoz thinks that the " natural method to be rational needs a vew definition -of disease, and he discusses the -d6finitions that have been proposed, 'and conoludes by asking us to accept one suggested by 1htimelf, to wit, that "disease Is (a) the strengthening or '^)the weakening of one or all the phenomena of life," Ithe' former corresponding to acute diseases and the latter Lto chronic diseases. " Natural " therapeutics introduces -an alteration in the environment'of the organism and :produses an abnormal reaction. In acute diseases "isXtural" treatment is for the most part purely 4peetant; in subacate it may be stimulating or calmatWe;in chronic it is "'provocative," that is to say, its object is i-to bring about' a pathological crisis somewhat iresembling an acute attack, which will then of itself tend 'o get well. 'The,foundation of this doctrine is the belief that acute disea_s tend to cure themselves, and in fact the author ventures to make the statement that "pneumonia jalways gets 'well " (p. 42). He goes further, and tays that a ite diseases if left toerun their natural course -prodee a -good effect on the organism by conferring immunity, but if their natural order and course 'is eamngd by the administration of drugs this salutary influence on the organism is prevented,-and the patient esllableto relapses or to renewed attacks, so that he contiemns the-use of quinine in malarial fever and Influenza;


The uses, benefits, and technology needs of the U.S. general aviation industry were studied in light of growing competition from foreign general aviation manufacturers, especially in the commuter and business jet aircraft markets.


Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC) of the gallbladder, is an inusual type of carcinoma with predominance of cells with glycogen rich cytoplasm that can be associated with α fetal-protein production. Since its original description in 1986 there has been less than 20 cases described. α fetal-protein production has been widely described in various gastrointestinal and germ cell tumors, highlighting hepatocarcinoma and yolk sack tumors. In the gallbladder it has been identified in papillary, clear cell and poorly differentiated carcinomas. It is important to acknowledge that gallbladder carcinomas can be associated with the production of this marker and thus this entity can be considered within the differential diagnosis of other neoplasms. We present a case of CCC, in a 76 year-old female studied at Hospital General de Mexico.


SUMMARY
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn roots collected from plots localized in a Pino-Quercetum forest, treated 10 yr before with 2000 Mg km−2 of cadmium dust, were examined. The ultrastructure of endomycorrhizal roots and element distribution, determined using the electron energy loss spectroscopy, is given. The cytoplasm of the mycorrhizal fungus was found to contain more Cd, Ti and Ba than that of the host cells of the fern. Within polyphosphate granules present in fungal vacuoles beside Fe, S, N and Al which were reported by other authors, Cd, Ti and B were localized. Within fern cells Cd, Al, Fe, Zn and Cu were found to be accumulated both in plastids, especially in electron-opaque, globular or crystalloid material, and on the surface of transfer cell wall ingrowth.


Introduction: The article is devoted to the problems of urinary incontinence among women and their knowledge about the treatment of this disease. The authors sought to determine the current state of women's knowledge of the physiotherapeutic methods used in the treatment of urinary incontinence. The aim of the study was to examine women's awareness of methods of physiotherapeutic treatment of urinary incontinence. Materials and methods: The study included 187 women with a locomotor diagnosis, aged 18-93 years currently being treated in a rehabilitation clinic. The subjects were divided into two groups: I – those with symptoms of urinary incontinence, consisting of 87 women and II – those without symptoms of urinary incontinence, healthy – consisting of 100 individuals. Results: The general level of knowledge of women regarding physiotherapeutic methods of treatment of urinary incontinence was low. These women were not aware of the possibilities offered by physiotherapy in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Women do not know the latest methods used by physiotherapists in UI therapy. The problem of incontinence among women is significant and requires health professionals to increase women's awareness of this health issue. Conclusions: 1. Women with urinary incontinence have low levels of awareness regarding preventive treatment methods. 2. Women with urinary incontinence too infrequently seek preventive treatment. 3. It appears justified to implement women's education in the areas of prevention and treatment of incontinence. 4. Raising women's awareness regarding this intimate health issue is recommended. 5. Health education in the area of urinary incontinence may have a positive influence on reducing shame and anxiety. urinary incontinence, women physiotherapy, pelvic floor muscles email: email@example.com The research was financed from the authors` own resources Badania sfinansowane ze środków własnych autora Rehabilitation Advances in Rehabilitation/Postępy Rehabilitacji (4), 21 – 27, 2018 A – preparing concepts B – formulating methods C – conducting research D – processing results E – interpretation and conclusions F – editing the final version


In 1962, 30 years after chemical structure discovery of homocysteine, Carson and Neil reported work in which they described cases of two young people with severe mental retardation and high homocysteinuria. In 1975 McCully emphasized the association between homocysteinuria and thrombus-occlusive vascular changes. Period 1991-98, is the time of very extensive comparative studies, with aim of establishing links between premature coronary artery disease and high homocysteine level in plasma. These results in a whole show that biochemical findings of a mild increase of homocysteine plasma levels in span of 15-45 mmol/L, are independent risk factor for premature coronary artery disease appearance. So far mechanism of direct homociysteine uninfluenced on endothelial vascular vessels cells, or influence of any other factor, which play role in methionine-homocysteine-cysteine path (vitamins B6, B12, folic acid) are not strictly elucidated.


This article provided brief insights into the current literature on business models, its components, and the relationship with other subject matters. The review brings to light the fact that despite huge surge in academic literature on business models, the concept is still underdeveloped and at a budding stage. This review also pointed out the fact that scholars still don't have a common ground in explaining what a business model is and what are its components, but almost all scholars unanimously agreed to the fact that it is useful and practical in nature and worth of academic study. This review also highlighted that business model is altogether a different subject and is no way a sub component of strategy, innovation, or change management.


European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are one of the most abundant and widespread bird species on earth. Introduced to Australia in the late 1850s, their highly adaptive ecology has enabled them to become a major pest. Concerns include public health and safety, economic impacts, detrimental environmental effects, and bird strikes at airports. Unfortunately current Australian control methods are ineffective and more efficacious, humane methods need to be developed. A feasibility study was undertaken of the likely risks/benefits of avicide DRC 1339 (3-chloro-4-methylbenzenamine hydrochloride) in Australia. This included a risk-analysis, a multi-industry survey and non-toxic bait trials to assess target-specificity. Results indicated that European starlings were one of three key bird species affecting intensive agriculture; there was strong support for better bird control techniques; and the risk to 82% of the native bird species recorded at the test sites was assessed as low or very low. Potential bait carrier trials demonstrated behavioral differences between United States and Australian starlings and hence the main application will initially be restricted to sites such as intensive livestock production facilities where starlings are already accustomed to feeding. Therefore, the project now aims to demonstrate DRC 1339 efficacy under Australian conditions and achieve registration.


Three-dimensional semi-cylindrical 1/3-scale bow models were subjected to drop tests in a water impact generating tower in order to evaluate the characteristics of wave impact pressure acting on the bows of very large ships and to investigate their structural response. The models were dropped on the still water surface from various heights (5 m at the maximum) at small relative angle (0 deg, 5 deg, and 15 deg). The total drop weight was 10 tons each time. The results obtained were evaluated by comparing them with the results of analytical inspections of the actually damaged ship bows.


Abstract Two triorganotin ferrocenecarboxylates, C5 H5 FeC5 H4 COOSnR3 (R=C6 H11-c, 1; C6 H5 C(CH3)2 CH2, 2), have been synthesized by the reaction of ferrocenecarboxylic acid with triorganotin hydroxide in benzene and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The carboxylate in the compounds is monodentate, and the tin atom adopts distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. Bioassay results have shown that the compounds have good in vitro antibacterial activity.


Banks operate in an environment of considerable risks and uncertainty. Credit risk is one of the major risks Commercial Banks face today. I he objective of the study was to assess the credit risk management techniques adopted by Commercial Banks in Kenya to assess unsecured bank loans. The population of the study consisted of 47 Commercial Banks and a census studs was adopted. Data was collected from primary sources through a semi-structured qucstiotuiairc. administered to the Credit Officers of the various Commercial Banks. The results were analysed and presented in the form of frequency tables and percentages. 1 he findings reveal that a ma jority of the Commercial Batiks in Kenya are involved in un-secured loan services. Most of the Commercial Banks had both minimum and maximum loan limits. It was also found that all the Commercial Banks have credit management policies as a basis for objective credit risk appraisal, f ormulation of un secured loan policies w as undertaken by their Top Management. Majority of the Commercial Banks have distinctive separate departments where un-secured loans activities are organised, from the study it was revealed that Statistical Method of credit assessment is the mostly used in assessing/screening loan applications. A majority of the Commercial Banks maintained a certain Debt Ratio. Quality appraisal of loan portfolios was found to be the mostly considered measure able to improve loan serviceability/ reduce credit risk Irregular credit turnover/ salary and declining turnover salary are the trends greatly affecting customers' credit worthiness. A loanee is considered a defaulter after three late repayments in most of the Commercial Ranks. further, the study established that Credit risk and Liquidity risk are the most important risks for Commercial Banks. Improved credit appraisals is the most considered factor responsible for banks improved financial performance. Capacity and Character of the borrower urc the most considered of the 6 Cs when appraising customers credit worthiness.


The Nanostructured Origami�� 3D fabrication and  assembly process can be used to create nanostructured, three-dimensional (3D) devices exclusively through existing 2D microand nano-fabrication techniques. Previously, the folding method was used in fabricating an origami supercapacitor with carbon electrodes [1]. The carbon electrode material was composed of 99 wt% Super P  carbon black and 1 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride binder in Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone. This mixture was highly porous with  a very high specific surface area and resulted in microscale supercapacitors with a high specific capacitance. However, the material had to be deposited manually using a probe tip, and its exact properties, e.g., surface area and variations  in pore size could not be determined precisely. To enable in situ deposition of the electrode material, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown through a plasmaenhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) method in  place of the manually deposited carbon paint. Moreover, as Figures 1 and 2 partially illustrate, growth conditions of the nanotubes determine their density, length, diameter, etc. Being able to control the nanotube properties will allow us to  more carefully characterize the electrochemical properties of the origami supercapacitors. All nanotubes were grown using S. Kim group's PECVD CNT deposition equipment.


Many techniques have been published on handwriting signature recognition, but none of these techniques presented are about Uyghur handwritten signature due to its complex nature. In this paper, we propose methods for off-line signature recognition for Uyghur handwriting first time. The signature images were pre-processed based on the nature of Uyghur signature. The preprocessing included noise reduction, binarization and normalization. Then multi-dimensional modified grid information features were extracted according to the character of Uyghur signature and its writing style. Finally, three kinds of classification techniques were used: Euclidean distance (ED) classifier, K nearest neighbor (K-NN) classifier and Bayes classifier. Experiments were performed using Uyghur signature samples from 50 different people with 1000 signatures. A promising result of 93.53% average correct recognition rate was achieved.


We use total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF), streaming current, and optical reflectometry measurements, under a variety of solution conditions, to examine the mechanism of the chicken egg lysozyme reorientation on silica surfaces, originally proposed by Robeson and Tilton (Robeson, J. L.; Tilton, R. D. Langmuir 1996, 12, 6104). The TIRF data suggest that a two-stage reorientation occurs in the lysozyme layer during adsorption. The first stage involves a reorientation to optimize lysozyme interaction with the charged surface and to reduce lateral repulsions between adsorbed protein molecules. This stage occurs when the adsorbed layer reaches a critical surface coverage and indicates the importance of lateral interactions between adsorbed proteins. Moreover, the reorientation rate depends on both the bulk protein concentration and the fluid wall shear rate, indicating that incoming protein molecules from the bulk solution also participate in the reorientation. The preferred orientation puts the act...


This work deals with the ombudsman institutions in the Czech Republic, in the Slovak Republic and in Sweden. This paper aims to compare the ombudsman institutions in these countries. First a description of public administration in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on its ethical dimension is given. Next the institutions of Public Defender of Rights in the Czech Rrepublic, the Public Defender of Rights in the Slovak Republic and the Parliamentary Ombudsmen in Sweden are described. Then these institutions are compared. The proposals of recommendation for the Czech Republic are inferred from the comparison.


A cylindrical electrochemical reactor with a 3-in diameter copper or nickel metal foam cathode and a concentric carbon cloth anode was used to destroy aqueous phase carbon tetrachloride (CT). The results show that a high CT conversion can be achieved in regions of the cathode near the anode, but a low CT conversion is obtained in the region around the center of the cathode. This CT conversion distribution in the radial current-conducting direction suggests that a portion of the cathode worked inefficiently even though the overall CT conversion is still adequate. Further research by changing the solution pH and conductivity suggests that the radial conversion distribution is due to radial variations in cathode surface availability and solution potential distribution. The inherent difficulties that these results imply with regards to reactor scale up suggested a new approach to the design. An annular reactor, consisting of a thin (3.2 mm) nickel foam cathode wrapped around an inert Plexiglas core and separated from an external concentric anode by a semi-permeable membrane was adopted. Under compatible operating conditions, the annular reactor showed a high overall effluent CT conversion. However, experiments at low pH (2.25) yielded higher conversions than under neutral pH conditions. This result suggests that CT conversion is favored by a relatively high proton concentration. This reactor can be simulated by a one dimensional model. The annular reactor was used to destroy PCE and TCE successfully, which suggests that this technique can be employed to treat groundwater contaminated with complex mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the improvement of dyspepsia in a patient with liver cirrhosis and pancytopenia following traditional Korean medical treatment. Methods: A patient who suffered from dyspepsia with liver cirrhosis and pancytopenia was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping, and moxibustion. The effect of treatment was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: After treatment, the symptoms of dyspepsia improved and VAS score decreased. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) could be effective for treatment of dyspepsia in patients with liver cirrhosis.


lacked a satisfactory definition, but has been used glibly in explanation of obscure conditions, oflten without a very clear conception of its real , significance, and at times has been applied to conditions in which real acidosis can play no part. Moreover, unless the acidosis is marked, the diagnosis may present extreme difficulty. It is a great pleasure therefore to find such a clear and sanely critical review of the subject as that presented by Macleod (Journal of Laboratory


ABSTRACT This article uses Homi K. Bhabha's concept of hybridity to study Tayeb Salih's 1966 novel Season of Migration to the North. For Bhabha, hybridity is a condition born out of cultural difference; it defies notions of origin, possibilities of transcendence, and all shapes of cultural and subjective entity. In Season of Migration to the North, hybridity of this kind is reflected in both the character of Mustafa Sa'eed and in the novel's form, which largely represents the narrator's complex and self-reflexive "readerly" experience of Sa'eed's life. In view of the novel's formal hybridity, the article argues, extrapolating from Bhabha's theory, that the concept of hybridity – the process of culture-formation – also throws light on practices of self-reflection and the ways in which subjective and cultural meanings are continually being altered and revised. As such, the narrator's recuperation of agency in the novel is a direct outcome of his experience of hybridity.


We explore constraints on the charged Higgs sector in the left-right symmetric model from the present experimental data. Because of the different Yukawa structure, the allowed parameter space of the charged Higgs boson in the LR model is different from that of the two Higgs doublet model. We find that the constraint from t{yields}bH{sup {+-}} decay at Tevatron is most significant, while B{yields}{tau}{nu} decay could provide no constraint on the LR model. Bounds from e{sup -}e{sup +}{yields}H{sup -}H{sup +} process at LEP are similar to those in the two Higgs doublet model.


This work tested six techniques for the occasional entry of unstructured numeric data in the context of a primarily mouse-based, cursor-positioning, human-computer dialogue. Two of the techniques used a separate keypad for numeric data entry. The other four techniques used the mouse already being used for the cursor positioning dialogue. The keypad techniques were more efficient than the mouse techniques for all of the numeric sequence lengths considered. There were no significant differences in efficiency between the two keypad techniques. Among the mouse-based techniques, an approach based on a displayed image of a calculator keypad was consistently among the most efficient.


Sigmoid colon is the most frequent site for a volvulus and volvulus of the sigmoid colon (SV) is characterized by a high morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate predicting factors for mortality in the SV cases. Between January 1994 and December 2001, the records of patients operated on due to SV at Dicle University Hospital (DUH) were retrospectively reviewed. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features were evaluated as probable risk factors for mortality. Variables associated with SV were determined using logistic regression models. Of 90 patients, 80 (88.9%) were male, and 10 (11.1%) were female. The mean age was 58.8±12.9 (19-85) and 63.6±16.1 (23-83) for the patients with uneventful outcome (Group 1) and for the patients with fatal outcome (Group 2), respectively (p=0.000). The period of symptoms before admission (PSBA) were 2.2±0.73 (1-4) days and 5.6±1.7 (2-10) days in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p=0.000). While the 73.8 % of patients in the Group 1 were operated on an emergency state, 100 % of patients in the Group 2 were operated on an emergency state (p=0.002). In the univariate analysis, other significant risk factors were significantly fluid-electrolyte imbalance, elevated abdominal pressure (EAP), cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, leukocytosis, hypotension, presence of necrosis, and presence of major contamination (p=0.000). These variables were entered into the logistic regression model for revealing the risk factors for mortality. In multivariate analysis, long PSBA [Odds Ratio (OR) =17.17, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =2.86-103.07, P=0.002], presence of cardiovascular disease at the admission (OR=0.19, CI=0.001-0.52, P=0.019) and age (OR=0.87, CI=0.77-0.99, P=0.046) were found significantly predictive for mortality. EAP, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, respiratory disease, and presence of major contamination were not statistically significant factors for mortality after sigmoid volvulus. In our study, we determined that conditions, such as a long PSBA, presence of cardiovascular disease and age were predicting factors for mortality.


The invention relates to a substrate transfer hand and a substrate transfer device including the substrate transfer hand. The substrate transfer hand for unloading and loading a substrate with respect to a cassette and transferring the substrate, includes: a first driven roller configured to be rotated by a drive mechanism provided in the cassette when the hand is coupled to the cassette along a substrate unloading/loading direction. The substrate transfer hand further includes: a flat support bar configured to be coupled to the cassette; a second driven roller provided in the support bar; and a rotation transmitting unit for transmitting rotation of the first driven roller to the second driven roller such that the second driven roller is rotated in the same direction as the first driven roller.