A method for quantitation of chromosomes and gun method for quantitation of chromosomes and genes in samples taken from a human, in diagnenes in samples taken from a human, in diagnosticodel Turner syndrome, characterized porqueosticodel Turner syndrome, characterized in that a ) at least two marker sequences qa are chosen) at least two marker sequences which are not microsatellite or STR (for short are chosen eniue are not microsatellite or STR (for their inEnglish acronym, "Short Tadem Repeat"), wherein - one secuengles, "Short Tadem Repeat"), wherein - a marker sequence is a sequence known to marker nce is a sequence that is known to be present on the X chromosome and - another present secuenciaesta on the X chromosome and - another sequence is a marker sequence is known is that marker is a sequence that is known to provide within a cromosomaautosomico, b) present in the sample cromosomaautosomi co, b) the sample is amplified using at least two primers, and amplified using at least two primers, and wherein said at least two cebadoresson compl wherein said at least two cebadoresson complementary to the marker sequences conoementarios to marker sequences which are known to be present in dichocromosoma X and dichoce present in dichocromosoma X and that autosomal chromosome, c) each of said Secue autosomal chromosome, c) each of said marker sequences is known that they are presentesncias marker that is known to be present in said X chromosome ydicho autosomal chromosome in said X chromosome ydicho autosomal chromosome, have a part of their sequence homologous to a p have a part of their sequence homologous to a part of the other, and lahomologia between said partesarte other, and lahomologia between said parts is at least 90%, and wherein the at least do is at least 90 %, And wherein the at least two sonespecificos primers for said part in lass sonespecificos primers for said part in the marker sequences and the tagging sequences marker sequences, and the marker sequences are diferentelongitud, being the ds difference are diferentelongitud being the difference of length sufficient to distinguish amplificae length sufficient to distinguish the amplification products during ladeteccion, d) detecting products during ladeteccion, d) amplified fragments, and a ratio of as amplified fragments, and a ratio of detected the amplification products of secuenciasmarcadamplificacion product of secuenciasmarcadoras present in the autosomal chromosome and crooras present in the autosomal chromosome and X chromosome, that is 2: 1, is indicative delsindrome demosoma X, that is 2: 1, is indicative delsindrome Turner. Turner.


The manner in which the built environment is constructed has a tremendous effect on the degree to which health, wealth and social outcomes are distributed within a society. This is particularly evident when a crisis of the natural environment affects the built environment, as was the case after the Haitian earthquake of 2010. Understanding the consequences of the earthquake as socially precipitated rather than a natural occurrence requires a paradigm shift, a project for educational policy, pedagogy and epistemology. In particular, education for democracy in its broadest sense can serve to re-align thinking towards understanding the connection between the built environment and social justice. In this article the authors present their research with teacher-education candidates and the candidates' perspectives and experiences of education for democracy at a Canadian university. In relating these perspectives to the possibilities for contextualizing the aftermath of the earthquake in Haiti, the authors propose educational policy solutions that highlight a thick democracy, social justice, the role of context and history, and a more concrete connection with public health.


ABSTRACT Reducing vulnerabilities is at the core of climate change adaptation interventions. This goal is usually approached from the perspective of increasingly universal adaptation methodologies, tools and services that are grounded in Western scientific thought and knowledge. Questions of (in-)justices and new or reproduced vulnerabilities play a marginal role in adaptation interventions. In this paper, we argue that a failure to acknowledge, let alone address, the intricate linkages between knowledge and power risks creating fundamental injustices as part of well-intended adaptation processes and their outcomes. Using the Kiribati Adaptation Project (KAP) as a case study, we examine how knowledge hegemonies lead to unsatisfactory adaptation processes and outcomes when viewed from a justice perspective. Environmental justice lenses provide a useful framework for applying distributional, procedural and epistemic notions of injustice to tackle and interrogate the knowledge-power relations, which we identify as a profound part of adaptation interventions.


Open Access: Full open access to this and thousands of other papers at The relationship between cancer and thrombosis has been well established and has been known for over 100 years. 1 Venous thromboembolism (VTE), and pulmonary embolism (PE) in particular, are increasingly frequent complications in patients with malignancy, representing the second most common cause of death, following cancer itself. Despite this fact, the reported frequency of VTE in cancer patients is probably underestimated, given that autopsy rates of VTE can be as high as 50% compared with clinical rates of 4%–20%. 4 Compared with patients who do not have cancer, oncology patients are at a substantially higher risk for new and recurrent VTE – a conclusion that can be drawn from the fact that the incidence of VTE that is associated with cancer increased in late 1980s and 1990s when compared to a stabilization in the incidence of VTE in noncancer patients during the same period. 5 The pathogenesis of hypercoagulability in malignancy involves a profound interaction among cancer cells, host cells, and the coagulation system. Specifically, tumor cells express tissue factor (TF), a procoagulant molecule related to the continuous activation of coagulation and increased thrombin generation. The upregulation of TF is associated with the production of the proangiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which increases vascular permeability, allowing incremental exposure to coagulation factors and thus exacerbating the procoagulant environment. 6 Not all oncology patients face an equal risk for thrombotic events. Factors such as cancer type, clinical setting, comorbid conditions, and therapeutic procedures are associated with different probabilities of developing VTE. 7 This risk is increased for those who are undergoing surgery (fivefold), those who are receiving chemotherapy (sixfold), those with previous VTE, and those who carry certain genetic mutations. 8 The incidence of VTE may be closely associated with characteristics of tumor biology – namely, the rate of growth and spread of the cancer – suggesting that specific cancer types are associated with an increased risk of VTE. 9 For example, the cumulative incidence of VTE from the date of the cancer diagnosis in California (accrued over 3 years) was 6.9% in brain tumors, 5.3% in pancreatic cancer, 4.5% in gastric malignancy, 3.7% in acute myelogenous leukemia, 3.6% in esophagus cancer, and 3.5% in renal cell carcinoma. 10 Among hospitalized cancer patients, the sites of cancer with the highest rates of VTE include the pancreas AbstrACt: …


Like other recent library management systems, OCLC's WorldShare Management Services (WMS) is cloud-based. But unlike the others, WMS opens WorldCat for applications beyond its traditional role as a source of bibliographic records. It enables catalogers to work directly from the Master Record, which no longer needs to be exported to a local system. This article describes the impact of WMS on the roles and functions of cataloging departments, and asks if it is changing the meaning of cataloging. It concludes that while the workflows are changed dramatically, the profession of cataloging remains relevant.


New records of Crabronidae fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Tunisia. This study contributes to the knowledge of Crabronidae fauna in Tunisia based on specimens collected between 2017 and 2019. Thirty–three species and subspecies belonging to 14 genera representing three subfamilies, Astatinae, Crabroninae and Pemphredoninae, are identified. Fifteen species are new records for the Tunisian insect fauna: Astata apostata Mercet, 1910; A. gallica de Beaumont, 1942; Dryudella pulawskii Schmid–Egger, 2014; Prosopigastra nuda (Nurse, 1903); P. punctatissima africana de Beaumont, 1955; Tachytes niloticus R. Turner, 1918; Liris agilis (F. Smith, 1856); L. cleopatra de Beaumont, 1961; Miscophus papyrus de Andrade, 1954; Solierella andradei de Beaumont, 1957; S. insidiosa de Beaumont, 1964; Palarus parvulus de Beaumont, 1949; Trypoxylon deceptorium Antropov, 1991; Diodontus insidiosus Spooner 1938; and Mimumesa unicolor (Vander Linden, 1829). Except for Ectemnius confinis (Walker, 1871), all the identified species have new provincial records. Geographical distribution in Tunisia and the world is given. Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/u8hlo0)


The purpose of this research is to know whether students' understanding of the simple past tense could be increased by discovery learning. This research was conducted at VII grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul in Academic Year 2017/218.which consisted of 36 students as respondent. This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR) method in solving the students' problem in understanding of the simple past tense. The researcher used the Kurt Lewin's model that consists of four phases, planning, acting, observing and reflecting. There are two kinds of data in this research, namely quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data can be derived from the test result. Besides, the qualitative data can be derived from the observation, interview and field notes. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive analysis and statistic analysis to know the result of the implementation the Classroom Action Research (CAR) to the students. The result of this study showed that the students' progress during teaching and learning process using discovery learning to increase the students' understanding of the simple past tense was good. It was proved by three data results, first, from the observation result, it showed that the students were more motivated, active and interested in learning simple past tense in the classroom. Second, from interview result, it could be seen that students' skill in understanding of the simple past tense has improved than before in which suitable with interview result with the English teacher. Last, from the test result. It consisted of three tests, namely pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2. There was found 22.78 point of improvement of students' mean score after using discovery learning. The mean score of the pre-test was 48.19. There were only 8.33% of the whole students who could pass Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Then the mean score of posttest 1 was 59.86. The percentage of students was 33.33% who could get the score above Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM). Next, the mean score of posttest 2 was 70.97. In this test, there were 77.78% students who got the score above Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM).


The present invention discloses a two-layer printed circuit board and a printing method and a mobile communication terminal, to overcome the existing low-end mobile communication terminal using six or four printed circuit board printed wiring board high cost defect, wherein the two-layer printed circuit board based on MT6251 platform, a land diameter of 0.27 mm, between two pads trace width is 0.075 mm, the minimum spacing between the traces and pads is 0.075 mm, threading the inner row are out of the pad between the pad efflux from the back of the main chip pad predominantly a complete ground plane, C7 and C8 pin to hit the pins are drawn back to the outside of the hole. Layer embodiment of the present invention, when a printed circuit board applied to a mobile communication terminal, compared to the conventional use of a mobile communication terminal six or four-layer printed circuit board is a printed circuit board, without significant loss of function reduce costs, improve product competitive advantage.


Many fractional quantum Hall wave functions are known to be unique and highest-density zero modes of certain "pseudopotential" Hamiltonians. Examples include the Read-Rezayi series (in particular, the Laughlin, Moore-Read and Read-Rezayi Z_3 states), and more exotic non-unitary (Haldane-Rezayi, Gaffnian states) or irrational states (Haffnian state). While a systematic method to construct such Hamiltonians is available for the infinite plane or sphere geometry, its generalization to manifolds such as the cylinder or torus, where relative angular momentum is not an exact quantum number, has remained an open problem. Here we develop a geometric approach for constructing pseudopotential Hamiltonians in a universal manner that naturally applies to all geometries. Our method generalizes to the multicomponent SU(n) cases with a combination of spin or pseudospin (layer, subband, valley) degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by several examples, including certain non-Abelian multicomponent states whose parent Hamiltonians were previously unknown, and verify the method by numerically computing their entanglement properties.


Chinese proverbs offer invaluable insights into both the language and rich culture of China. Assembled here are proverbs that form the basic cultural tokens with which Chinese speakers communicate about issues of love, friendship, morality, life, and human nature. In this new edition, the authors have updated and reformatted their popular reference to 1,000 of the most illuminating and frequently used Chinese proverbs. Organised alphabetically by pinyin Romanisation, the proverbs in this volume are not only translated into clear, idiomatic English, but also rendered into both traditional and simplified Chinese. The book is an indispensable tool for students interested in mastering the subtleties and nuances of the Chinese language. New features in this edition include: simplified and traditional character renderings of each proverb, a new introduction by the authors, an English index of key terms, and a concordance of key Chinese characters, for easy reference.


The widespread introduction of information and communication technologies in the educational process at all levels has led to the need to create a model of professional training, taking into account new factors that affect the educational process. The aim of the study is to substantiate and develop a model for personalizing vocational training using modern information and communication technologies. Personalization of professional training in the framework of the study allows to organization of the learning process taking into account the most significant individual and unique personality traits of students. Using the Personal E-learning Place software package, students can personalize their educational trajectory by creating a plan for studying topics in one or more disciplines that would take into account their personal characteristics that affect professional education in the conditions of using modern information and communication technologies. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the system to support personalized learning.


Credit: Yousuf Karsh/Wikimedia Commons (copyright expired) The report's lead author, James Painter, notes that those dominant media frames may be doing us a disservice because the public 'finds uncertainty difficult to understand and confuses it with ignorance'. Likewise, 'disaster messages can be a turnoff', and the report therefore suggests that a better framing might involve using the language of risk. This, they suggest, would encourage focus on the trade-off between the risk – and cost – of inaction, and of climate mitigation. The media's role in shaping public perception, for better or worse, is known to be substantial. Likewise, the importance of finding a proper frame for the communication of climate science is well established. It is therefore important to examine not only the psychological impact of the frames identified by Painter and colleagues, but also how they lend themselves to be distorted by people who, usually for ideological or political reasons, deny the fact that the globe is warming due to greenhouse gas emissions.


A thermodynamic performance analysis was performed on a novel cooling and power cycle that combines a semi-closed gas turbine called the High Pressure Regenerative Turbine Engine (HPRTE) with an absorption refrigeration unit. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration cycle, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration depending on ambient conditions. Two cases were considered: a small engine with a nominal power output of 100kW, and a large engine with a nominal power output of 40 MW. The cycle was modeled using traditional one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with state-of-the-art polytropic efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbo-machinery and heat exchangers, and curve-fits for properties of the LiBr-water mixture and the combustion products. The small engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 43% while producing 50% as much 5°C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 50 tons) at 30 °C ambient conditions. The large engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 62% while producing 25% as much 5°C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 20,000 tons) at 30 °C ambient conditions. Thermal efficiency stayed relatively constant with respect to ambient temperature for both the large and small engine. It decreased by only 3–4% as the ambient temperature was increased from 10 to 35 °C in each case. The amount of external refrigeration produced by the engine decreased sharply in both engines at around 35 °C, eventually reaching zero at roughly 45°C in each case for 5°C refrigeration. However, the evaporator temperature could be raised to 10°C (or higher) to produce external refrigeration in ambient temperatures as high as 50°C.© 2003 ASME


The concept and first results of a basic study are presented to simulate the dispersion of car emissions in a wind-tunnel. The aim is to develop a method which allows the correct scaling of pollutant dispersion due to car traffic in wind-tunnel models, i.e. the effects of car-induced turbulence.


Organization theory has been radically reshaped in the past two decades by the notion of the organization as an "open system." As Scott has stressed, "organizations are not closed systems, sealed off from their environments, but are open to and dependent on flows of personnel and resources from outside their own system" [43, p. 22]. This point has been echoed by Perrow [36], Thompson [46], Pfeffer and Salancik [38], and numerous others. As an "open system," each organization must provide inducements for others to contribute to it. Without appropriate inducements, such as lower prices, attractive salaries, and valued products, the organization may prompt individuals and other organizations to direct their money, time, or energy elsewhere. In order to structure its inducements appropriately,


This article examines Swedish literature policies since the 1970s and the construction of the literate child as expressed in policy texts. Literacy has in the past few decades, in Sweden as well as in other countries, been linked to economic growth and citizenship. In these political processes, some reading practices are considered beneficial and others less beneficial or even harmful. Using Carol Bacchi's policy analysis, this study reveals an increased interest in children's reading practices. There has been a movement in the argumentation from identifying the lack of access to high-quality literature to emphasising lack of reading ability as the main problem. Also noticeable is that the responsibility of educating children about the virtues of reading is placed on parents in the later policy texts, whereas institutions such as school and libraries are defined as the sole reading educators in earlier policies. The results presented in this study shed light on the changing conditions for library work.


The objective of this study was to outline an approach for the quantification of uncertainty in sonic boom measurements and to investigate the effect of various near-field uncertainty representation approaches on ground noise predictions. These approaches included a symmetric versus asymmetric uncertainty band representation and a dispersion technique based on a partial sum Fourier series that allows for the inclusion of random error sources in the uncertainty. The near-field uncertainty was propagated to the ground level, along with additional uncertainty in the propagation modeling. Estimates of perceived loudness were obtained for the various types of uncertainty representation in the near-field. Analyses were performed on three configurations of interest to the sonic boom community: the SEEB-ALR, the 69 Delta Wing, and the LM 1021-01. Results showed that representation of the near-field uncertainty plays a key role in ground noise predictions. Using a Fourier series based dispersion approach can double the amount of uncertainty in the ground noise compared to a pure bias representation. Compared to previous computational fluid dynamics results, uncertainty in ground noise predictions were greater when considering the near-field experimental uncertainty.


This book addresses a topic of high interest to the art business world: contracts between visual artists and art dealers that contain an exclusive right provision. In his work, which emerged from a doctoral dissertation under the supervision of Professor Dr. Kurt Siehr, University of Zurich, the Swiss author presents, analyzes, and compares the conditions and effects of such provisions in the relationship between artists and dealers in the United States and in Switzerland. In five chapters he examines the content and legal nature of exclusive contracts between artists and dealers (I.), their formation and the rules governing their interpretation and if necessary their supplementation (II.), the rights and duties of the parties to the contract (III.), the remedies available (IV.), and the termination of the contract (V.). Particular emphasis is laid on


As the fast development of network literature and gradually consciousness of theoretical rethinking, the problem of Chinese network literature research has been protruded. Academic group's learning clean up to the noumenon orientation, artistic change, developing poverty, aesthetic leading and researching position of network literature, will be in favor of network literature's healthy development and provide theoretical resources to construct the literary studies within digital language circumstance.


A lead acid storage battery comprising a battery container, a plate assembly assembled by stacking a negative electrode plate and a positive electrode plate one upon another through a separator interposed between the negative and positive electrode plates, and a saddle placed on the bottom surface of the battery container for absorbing the extension of the positive electrode plate. Legs of a negative electrode grid plate consisting of the negative electrode plate are larger in width than legs of a positive electrode grid plate consisting of the positive electrode plate.


In parallel to the release of UML 2.0, also a new version of the Object Constraint Language (OCL) has been published. OCL is a language for precise textual description of constraints which apply to the graphical UML models. The new OCL 2.0 standard goes far beyond the previous language, not so much in features but mainly in the approach chosen for laying much more precise and formal foundations for the language. This paper, authored by members of the OCL 2.0 team, gives an overview of the new aspects of OCL 2.0 and also provides a critical discussion of a few selected aspects of the language.


Diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce and/or respond appropriately to the hormone insulin. Produced by beta cells in the islets of the pancreas, insulin is needed for the body to absorb and use glucose (sugar) as a cellular fuel. Defects in insulin production or action result in persistent elevation of glucose levels and other metabolic abnormalities, which can lead to development of debilitating disease complications. The most common forms of the disease are type 1 diabetes, in which the body loses its ability to produce insulin; and type 2 diabetes, which is due to a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production. Women can also develop gestational diabetes, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, during pregnancy. Rarer forms of diabetes also exist. Diabetes affects about 23.6 million people in the U.S.; another 57 million Americans are estimated to be at increased risk for the disease.1


Received: 11 July 2020 Accepted: 20 September 2020 Active shape model is a deformable model which has proven very successful results in the field of image segmentation. The success of ASM model lies in its ability to find the right positions of all landmark points which define the object shape. Intensity profiles are an important part of the Active Shape Models (ASM) which help steer and optimize matching process. However, their simplicity in the standard version of the ASM turns into weakness. The difficulties are met when they are applied to complex structures. The main purpose of this paper is to give a review and discussion about the alternatives proposed in the literature that provide more elaborated intensity models and their impact on the performance of ASM.


The present invention relates to embodiments of a chewing gum formulation comprising tobacco particles and a gum base, wherein the gum base comprises one or more hydrophobic gum base polymers, and wherein the tobacco particles are made from tobacco leaves, wherein the amount of tobacco particles is between 0.5 and 30% by weight of the chewing gum formulation, wherein nicotine is released from the tobacco particles when chewing the chewing gum formulation.


The equations satisfied by vorticity and current density are derived for a compressible infinitely-conducting fluid in the presence of a magnetic field. It is shown that the components of vorticity and current density along the direction of the magnetic field will be propagated with Alfven velocity only if the charge separation takes place in the medium. The propagation of the disturbance caused by homogeneous and inhomogeneous condensations at a point in the medium are considered. Finally, a proof of Walen's problem, namely an annular disturbance is propagated along the magnetic lines of force with Alfven velocity without distortion, is given. (auth)


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] "BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER": PERSONAL TIES TO IRELAND To explore the relationship between Ireland and southern culture is for many southerners an intensely personal journey. My own family has Irish ancestry on both sides. Because of those ties, I have always felt an affinity for Irish history and culture. When I first read James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in the late fifties as a student at Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts, Joyce and his protagonist Stephen Daedalus spoke to me in a deeply personal way. I embraced the book as a manifesto for my own rebellion from the web of politics, religion, and family that defined my life in the American South. My love for Joyce grew during my studies as an English major at Davidson College and as a graduate student in English literature at Northwestern University, where I took courses on both Joyce and Yeats with Richard Ellman. While at Northwestern, I interviewed Irish poet, novelist, and biographer Padraic Colum, one of the leading figures of the Celtic Revival, about his memories of Joyce, Yeats, O'Casey, and other writers in the Irish Literary Renaissance. At the end of my interview, Colum reflected on the Irish and the American South: "People forget that there were two Irish immigrations into America. There was an eighteenth-century immigration, which showed itself in the southern cities, like Charleston. That was an immigration with capital ... The second immigration was of people who had nothing but their hands ... Ireland and the South have a lot in common." At Richard Ellman's suggestion, I spent my 1965-66 academic year at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, where I wrote a thesis on rebellion in the work of James Joyce. During that year I immersed myself in Irish literature, and as a Rotary Foundation Fellow I spoke about my roots in the American South, played my guitar, and sang southern folksongs to Rotary Clubs throughout Ireland. I found myself searching to understand how Irish and southern worlds connected in my own life. While in Ireland, I met Francis Utley, a medieval literature scholar who taught in the Department of English at Ohio State University. Utley was doing research on Irish folktales at the Irish Folklore Commission in Dublin. Seamus Dellargy directed the Commission and housed Utley in a bed and breakfast in a home on Kenilworth Square owned by Mrs. Pat Condren, where I lived for the year. Over breakfast in Mrs. Condren's home, I complained to Utley that his field of English literature was too narrow. It did not permit the study of folktales, ballads, and the blues, all of which were close to my heart. Utley listened to me patiently and said, "My friend, you should be studying folklore." It was a moment that changed my life and for which I will always be grateful. Utley described the folklore program at the University of Pennsylvania, where I completed my PhD three years later. He also knew Joyce's work intimately, having read a banned copy of Ulysses smuggled into the United States while he was a graduate student at Harvard. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] At the University of Pennsylvania, I published a paper on John Millington Synge and the folktales he had overheard in the Aran Islands that inspired his Playboy of the Western World. (2) My head was swimming with Irish folklore and literature as I recorded black blues and folktales in the Mississippi Delta. The two worlds connected in a seamless way that foreshadowed my lifelong interest in both Ireland and the American South. As a child, I grew up hearing stories about Ireland from both sides of my family. My maternal grandmother, Hester Craig Flowers, often reminded me that "blood is thicker than water." She told me how her Scots-Irish father, William Clark Craig, took his family from Vicksburg to their ancestral home in County Antrim in 1903. There they visited with relatives and attended the local Presbyterian church with their uncle Tom Craig. …


A simplified method is given for the analytical isolation of non-saponifiable matter from oils.

After saponification in alcohol the alcoholic soap solution is completely dissolved in a measured quantity of benzene and the benzene solution is washed with water. The concentration in the benzene solution is determined after drying. By this method the tedious operations of extraction and quantitative transfer of the extracts are avoided.

This method is suitable for the determination of the vitamins A and D.


The paper introduced the indoor air pollution and its harm due to fitment,and analyzed the actual situation.The measures of controling pollution is aslo put forward in the paper.


We consider additive functionals for a class of autoregressive processes and prove that their empirical measures with logarithmic averaging converge almost surely via a martingale decomposition. A method developed in our previous work on additive functionals of ergodic Markov processes is applied in the particular case of autoregressive processes that are uniformly ergodic. We also obtain some equivalent results on almost sure asymptotic behavior. Keywords: Almost sure central limit theorem, Autoregressive process, Empirical process, Ergodicity, Martingale decomposition 1. INTRODUCTION Consider the first-order autoregressive process defined as: Xn = θXn−1 + εn for n ≥ 1, with initial state X0 = ε0 and the driven noise {εn}n≥0 defined as a sequence of random variables defined on a probability space (Ω, F, P) and taking values in a complete separable metric space (E, BE). Assume that the random variable ε0 has the probability distribution μ and the random variables {εn}n≥1 are independent and identically distributed, independent of ε0, with mean zero and finite variance σ and with probability distribution ν. Thus {Xn, n ≥ 0} is a Markov chain defined on Ω with values in the general Polish space (E, BE) and with initial probability measure μ. Let p(x, A) be its transition probability kernel, p(x, A) = P(Xn+1 ∈ A | Xn = x) = P(θx + εn ∈ A) = ν(A − θx). Then one defines the transition probability operator on the space of bounded continuous functions, P: Cb(E) → Cb(E), by Pφ(x) ≔ E[φ(Xn+1)|Xn = x] = ∫ p(x, dy)φ(y). Therefore, Pφ (x) = ∫ φ (y + θx)ν(dy). Let p(x, A) ≔ P(Xn ∈ A |X0 = x) be the n-step transition probability and P n its corresponding transition operator. For initial measure μ one can define the probability measure μP(A) = Pμ(A) = ∫ μ(dx)p(x, A). Throughout this paper, we assume that the autoregressive process {Xn, n ≥ 0} satisfies the following properties: A1: the process is stable, i.e. |θ| < 1; A2: the process is smooth, i.e. the distribution of εn has a continuous density g, 78 Adina Oprisan: An Almost Sure Central Limit Theorem for Autoregressive Processes http://journals.uob.edu.bh p(x, dy) = g(y − θx)dy, (x, y) → g(y − θx) continuous; A3: the process is simple, i.e. the density is positive ∀ x ∈ R; A4: E log|εn| < ∞, log (x) = max {0, log x}; A5: Doeblin condition: for some m > 0, ε < 1, δ > 0, there exists a probability measure φ such that if φ(A) > 0 then for any x ∈ E, P(x, A) ≥ δ. Proposition 1.1 The autoregressive process {Xn , n ≥ 0} satisfying the properties A1 − A5 is uniformly ergodic. Proof: First, note that the Markov chain {Xn, n ≥ 0} is a Harris chain (see [6], chapter 5, example 6.2). From A4, we get that E|εn| < ∞, and therefore one can chose M sufficiently large such that E|ε1| ≤ (1 − θ)M. Thus, if |x| ≥ M, Ex|X1| ≤ |θ||x| + (1 − |θ|)M ≤ |x|. Therefore, according to Theorem (3.9) [6], the Markov chain is Harris recurrent, and so it admits a stationary measure. Next, we want to show that the stationary measure is unique. Let's define Sn = ∑ θ εk n k=1 and the filtration Fn = σ{εk, k ≤ n}. Then {Sn , n ≥ 0} is a Fn-martingale. Since E|Sn| 2 ≤ σ ∑ |θ| < ∞ k=1 and supnE|Sn| 2 = σ ∑ |θ| < ∞ k=1 , the sum Sn is an uniformly integrable martingale, so it converges a.s. to a random variable X that defines a stationary measure π. On the other hand, Xn = (εn + θεn−1 + ⋯ + θ ε1) + θ X0. While the first part converges a.s. to X and the other converges in probability to 0, it follows that the law of Xn converges weakly to the stationary distribution π. Thus, the stationary measure is unique. Since the Markov chain is aperiodic and Harris recurrent then the Doeblin condition (A5) is equivalent with the uniform ergodicity of the Markov chain (Theorem 16.2.3 in [12]). Note that the Markov chain {Xn , n ≥ 0} is uniformly ergodic if sup∥φ∥≤1 ∥ (P n − Π)φ ∥→ 0, n → ∞,
 where the stationary projector Π: BE → BE is defined as Πφ(x) = ∫ π(dy)φ(y)1(x), 1(x) = 1 for all x ∈ E. Π is a projector operator since Π = Π. 2. MARTINGALE DECOMPOSITION FOR ADDITIVE FUNCTIONALS OF AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES Let's assume that {Xn, n ≥ 0} is an autoregressive process with unique invariant measure π so that π(A) = ∫ p(x, A)π(dx). Define the additive functional Sn(f) = ∑ f(Xk) n−1 k=0 , n ≥ 1, (2.1) where f ∈ L0 2 (π) = {f: E → R, ∥ f ∥2= (∫|f| dπ) 1 2 < ∞, ∫ f dπ = 0} such that Eπ(S1 2) = σ ∈ (0, ∞) and for any initial distribution μ and any k ≥ 1, Eμ(Sk ) < ∞. Theorem 2.1 Let {Xn , n ≥ 0} be an autoregressive process satisfying the conditions (A1)-(A5) and π it unique invariant measure. Let f ∈ L0 2 (π) such that: (i) ∥ Pf ∥L2(π)≤ ρ k ∥ f ∥L2(π) for some 0 < ρ < 1, k ∈ N; (ii) dμPk dπ ≤ D < ∞, k ∈ N and ∫ 1{x:f2(x)>n} f (x)π(dx) ≤ exp(−φ(n)) for n large, with Int. J. Comp. Theo. Stat. 4, No. 1, 77-81 (May-2017) 79 http://journals.uob.edu.bh φ: R+ → R+ such that limx→∞ φ(x) log(x) → ∞; (iii) |Pf(x)| ≤ Cn, whenever |f(x)| ≤ n, for some 1< C < ∞, x ∈ E, k ∈ N, and large n. Then the additive functional Sn(f) defined in (2.1) satisfies the martingale decomposition: Sn(f) = Mn + Rn , where {Mn, n ≥ 1} is a mean zero martingale relative to Fn = σ(X0, ... , Xn), the natural filtration generated by the trajectories of the Markov chain. The remainder Rn converges in probability to zero and lim n→∞ 1 log n log P { sup1≤k≤nRk 2


. This research employed molecular analysis to pinpoint the bacteria Proteus mirabilis . The current study examined the frequency of the 4 virulence genes from proteus mirabilis isolated from people and pet birds in the Baghdad governorate between September 2022 to January 2023. A total of 30 isolates were obtained from humans (urine and stool ( and pet birds cloaca. Determination of isolates was made according to colony characteristic, Gram staining methods, conventional biochemistry interactions and 16srRNA. Some of the genes of virulence factors ( UreR, hpmA, ZapA, and flaA) learn more using Single and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction process. Then PCR method were utilized to investigate the virulence genes UreR, hpmA, ZapA, and flaA . The fact that it exists of ( UreR, hpmA, ZapA , and flaA ) genes was tested using specific primers. In human isolates was 62.5%, 75%, 75%, 75% for UreR, hpmA, ZapA, and flaA A respectively, whereas in pet birds isolate the result were 85.5%, for all four virulence genes. This research explain proteus isolates in pet bird more pathogenic than in human. This study showed that the PCR technological devices, which is more affordable and efficient than the traditional methods now used in medical institutions and research labs, may accurately and quickly diagnose Proteus.


The influences, that various mercerization conditions had on the dying property of cotton fiber, were studied. Crystallization degrees accompained by lattice transformation of slack-mercerized cotton by IR spectroscopic analysis and morphology of the slack-merceized cotton by SEM were observed in this research. The above results were as follows; 1. Equilibrium dye adsorption rates of slack-mercerized cotton with C. I. Reactive Blue 19 were gained in the case of 8M NaOH, , 20 min., about 2 times as large as the rates of untreated cotton and gained about 2.5 times in the case of 8M , , , 20 min. 2. Equilibrium dye adsorption rates of slack-mercerized cotton with C. I. Reactive Blue 2 were gained in the case of 2M NaOH, , 20 min., about 1.7 times as large as the rates of untreated cotton and gained about 2.4 times in the case of 8M , , 20 min. 3. It was confirmed by SEM that untreated cotton fibrils are formed in the shape of screw and treated cotton is rearranged in the direction of fiber axis.


The wild species related to the cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., are a rich source of useful genes for germplasm improvement and varietal development. Characterization and utilization of exotic germplasm can be accelerated by the use of molecular linkage maps. Recently, we have identified an accession (LA722) within L. pimpinellifolium Jusl., a closely-related, red-fruited wild species of tomato, which exhibits a number of desirable agricultural characteristics including salt tolerance, disease resistance, and high fruit quality. The limited DNA marker polymorphism between L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium, however, restricts the use of the high-density molecular map of tomato, which was previously constructed based on a cross between L. esculentum and L. pennellii Corr., for marker-assisted identification and utilization of useful genes in LA722. To overcome this problem, we have constructed a linkage map based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) which were identifie...


Silica green bodies, mainly prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are characterized by means of mercury porosimetry in order to investigate the influence of three different parameters of the deposition process. The strongest impact on mean pore size and total specific pore volume is the solids loading of the suspensions used. With increasing solid matter content both mean pore size and specific pore volume decrease. The specific pore volume is directly associated with the porosity. For the deposition voltage, the opposite is true. Here, higher voltages lead to higher values of mean pore radius and porosity. The suspension should be fully stabilized during the deposition process since then it is possible to obtain lowest porosity. The comparison of green bodies prepared by different shaping techniques indicates that samples, electrophoretically deposited, exhibit the best values regarding both small mean pore radii and small porosities.


The authors tested the hypothesis that high salt intake is associated with hypertensive target organ damage (TOD) independent of blood pressure (BP), and oxidative stress is a modifying factor of this association. A total of 369 community‐dwelling Japanese adults (mean age, 67.5 years; 56.6% women) were examined in this observational study. At the patients' annual health check‐ups, urinary salt excretion (U‐SALT), 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), and albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured from first morning urine. U‐SALT (β=0.14, P=.016) and 8‐OHdG (β=0.13, P=.018) were both independently associated with logUACR. U‐SALT was associated with TOD independent of BP level, and oxidative stress may be a modifying factor in the association between high salt intake and TOD. The elevation of 8‐OHdG may be involved in the pathophysiology of TOD induced by salt intake.


We present Bäcklund transformations for the non-commutative anti-self-dual Yang–Mills equation where the gauge group is G=GL(2), and use it to generate a series of exact solutions from a simple seed solution. The solutions generated by this approach are represented in terms of quasi-determinants. We also explain the origins of all the ingredients of the Bäcklund transformations within the framework of non-commutative twistor theory. In particular, we show that the generated solutions belong to a non-commutative version of the Atiyah–Ward ansatz.


This is the first full evaluation of the Enterprise Finance Guarantee (EFG) scheme which was introduced in January 2009 to provide additional lending to businesses having difficulties raising finance during the credit crunch.11 The evaluation builds on the earlier analysis undertaken by the authors in the EFG Early Assessment.12 The early stage assessment provided an early indication of the likely benefits of the scheme, although these results were only based on the first few months of operation in 2009. Accordingly impacts were not fully evident across this period and the data was not subjected to econometric analysis against comparison groups, nor was any Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) undertaken to assess overall cost effectiveness.
This evaluation report more fully considers the impact of the loan on the whole 2009 cohort of EFG users by analysing the results of a telephone survey of a sample of beneficiaries. This survey tracked business performance for the period 2009-2012 and provides estimates on which to assess these economic impacts against a comparison group of non-user businesses.


Portland cement has been the most commonly used binder in concrete for a long period since its invention in the late nineteenth century, but due to the beneficial effects of mineral admixtures, such as pulverised fuel ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag and microsilica, modern cements now contain one of these materials, in addition to small quantities of other types of fine powder used as filler material. Therefore, knowledge of the different types of cements available on the market and their chemical and mineralogical characteristics is important for selecting cements for different exposure conditions. In this chapter, different types of cement specified in the new European Standard on cementitious material are introduced and a discussion on various special types of cements is given.


For many KDD operations, such as nearest neighbor search, distance-based clustering, and outlier detection, there is an underlying &kgr;-D data space in which each tuple/object is represented as a point in the space. In the presence of differing scales, variability, correlation, and/or outliers, we may get unintuitive results if an inappropriate space is used.The fundamental question that this paper addresses is: "What then is an appropriate space?" We propose using a robust space transformation called the Donoho-Stahel estimator. In the first half of the paper, we show the key properties of the estimator. Of particular importance to KDD applications involving databases is the stability property, which says that in spite of frequent updates, the estimator does not: (a) change much, (b) lose its usefulness, or (c) require re-computation. In the second half, we focus on the computation of the estimator for high-dimensional databases. We develop randomized algorithms and evaluate how well they perform empirically. The novel algorithm we develop called the Hybrid-random algorithm is, in most cases, at least an order of magnitude faster than the Fixed-angle and Subsampling algorithms.


Abstract
 A field experiment was conducted at plant pest and disease research Institute in Karaj,Iran in 2005-2006 to determine the effect of low herbicide dose of Clodinafop-propargyl on percentage of wild oat control, yield and economic return of wheat. The experiment included 2 Wheat varieties (Rooshan and Niknejad (less and more competitiveness cultivar, respectively, 4 Wild oat densities (0, 25, 50 and 75 plant m-2) and 4 herbicide doses (0, 25, 50 and 75(recommended rate) lit ha-1 (100%, 66%, 33% and 0% reduce herbicide dose respectively)) in factorial trial based on randomized block design with 4 replications. The highest wild oat control was obtain in recommended rate and reduce dose to 33 and 66% decreased wild oat control to 0.8 and 38.39% ,respectively. Yields generally increased as rates increased recommended dose. There is no different between 33% reduce on the recommended dose and recommended dose, but 66% reduce on recommended dose couldn't produce pleasure yield. In two cultivars economic returns increased exponentially as rates increased recommended dose, the maximum economic return was observed at the recommended herbicide dose but hadn't different with 33% decrease in dose of herbicide. Results of this study indicate reduction to 33% from the full recommended dosage is possible when wheat was grown in optimal density in weedy condition.

Key words: Wheat, Wild oat, Low Herbicide Dose, Herbicide Efficiency


southern Europeans but the resulting discrimination has been social rather than legal or administrative; and is now much less pronounced than fifteen years ago. Several good chapters follow showing the depressing effects of hostels, the European love of strong family life, the work of ethnic churches and clubs, the irritation caused by non-recognition of certain trade and professional qualifications, the solid southern European concentrations in Sydney and Melbourne, etc. But there are again points to question: for example, that most migrant wives go out to work (they do not); that most Sydney Greeks arrived pre-war (only 10 per cent did); that the Good Neighbour Council is a superficial organization working in English and helping very few immigrants (it uses interpreters and, through member organizations, helps many migrants). There follows a chapter on migrant attitudes, based on a survey of 142 Britons, Dutch, Greeks and Italians. The sample, while interesting, is not typical and many of Jupp's conclusions are therefore misleading. The book also contains interesting sections on 'forcible naturalization', language difficulties, the Department of Immigration etc. On Asian migration the book is slight though it correctly suggests that the 'White Australia Policy' is softening only slowly, and mainly in favour of skilled and professional persons. Prejudice against coloured immigrants receives little mention presumably because, though steadily increasing, there are still less than 50,000 pure-blood non-Europeans (excluding Aborigines) in Australia; too few


Background:  The pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 may take a severe course, resulting in sepsis, and antivirals are urgently needed to combat the disease. However, at present, only drugs developed against other diseases are available including the Malaria drug hydroxychloroquine but their therapeutic efficacy is unclear. Camostat mesylate, a clinically-proven protease inhibitor for treatment of pancreatitis, was shown to block SARS-CoV-2 entry into lung cells. Whether camostat mesylate dampens COVID-19 induced sepsis and the associated organ failure is unknown. Here we compare clinical courses of critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with either camostat mesylate or hydroxychloroquine.

Methods:  Eleven COVID-19 patients with organ failure were treated in intensive care unit (ICU) at our institution. Five patients (group 1) received hydroxychloroquine and six patients (group 2) camostat mesylate. Clinical disease status was assessed by Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and Sequential/ Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at day 1, 3 and 8. Viral load was determined from nasopharyngeal swabs.

Findings:  Patient age ranged from 45 to 76 years, all but one had histories of chronic disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Median symptomatic period was 2-10 days before being transferred to ICU. No differences in SAPS II scores or SOFA scores were observed upon ICU admission. In group 1, SOFA and SAPS II scores remained elevated (2 patients died) while in group 2 SOFA and SAPS II score decreased from 9 to 4 points (1 patient died). The decline in disease severity for group 2 was paralleled by a decline in inflammatory markers, which was not observed in group 1. The virus load in the nasopharynx was variable between patients, did not correlate with organ failure and no marked differences were observed between groups 1 and 2.

Interpretation: The severity of COVID-19 sepsis markedly decreased upon camostat mesylate treatment within a period of 8 days and a similar effect was not observed upon hydroxychloroquine treatment. Camostat mesylate thus warrants further evaluation within randomized clinical studies.

Funding Statement: Authors were employed at the University of Gottingen or at the Infection Biology Unit of the German Primate Center (Leibniz Institute for Primate Research). All expenses were covered by publicly funded institutions. Stefan Pohlmann received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), RAPID Fund (#01KI1723D).

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics Approval Statement: Compassionate use was approved by our local ethical committee at the University of Gottingen.


B. Jónsson has asked : Is there an algebra of power a with no proper subalgebra of power a? H. J . Keisler and F. Rowbottom proved that the answer is affirmative for every a, provided Gödel's constructibility axiom holds [1] . The main aim of this paper is to prove, using the generalized continuum hypothesis (G.C.H . in what follows), that the answer is affirmative for each non limit cardinal (see Theorem 1) . This result can be extended for locally finite algebras, too (see Theorem 3) . Without using G .C.H . we prove that the answer to the problem is "yes", provided a to ~ (,) (see Theorem 2) . We also prove without using G.C.H . that for every a there is an algebra <A, f> of power a with one w-ary operation which has no proper subalgebra of power a. (See Theorem 5) . Finally, we state another problem and some results relevant to Jónsson's problem .


Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (PMEDM) is considered as one of the viable methods to machine the materials which are hard and tough but with appreciable thermo-electrical properties. In PMEDM, it has been established that machinability is enhanced by adding additives in the form of fine powders in the spark gap of EDM process. In this investigation, the role of the thermo-electrical properties of workpiece on PMEDM process has been studied. Materials with distinct thermoelectric property, namely Mild Steel and Aluminium are taken as workpiece with Alumina as additive powder for the PMEDM process. Experiments have been conducted with Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) with Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Index (TWI) as responses. Gap current, duty cycle and flow rate of powder mixed dielectric liquid have been taken as process parameters at 3 levels with circular copper rod of 12 mm diameter as tool electrode. Determination of the influence of properties of the workpiece on the machinability has been performed using a custom made PMEDM set-up. ANOVA and main effect plot of data means for the aforementioned conditions have been analysed. The results are noteworthy with significant influence of the properties of the workpiece on the machinability of PMEDM process.


The invention relates to a power supply device (10) for a plurality of energy consumers to be connected thereto (3) having a predetermined maximum power output. In this case, a monitoring device for the power output is provided, which prevents exceeding the maximum output power of the power supply device (10) (Figure 3).


A Cu–2.5%Sn alloy was fabricated by continuous unidirectional solidification (CUS). The EBSD was used to analyse the microstructure of CSU Cu–2.5%Sn alloy. The results show that the alloy is composed of coarse columnar grains, which grow along the direction of [001] and [101], and the average diameter of the columnar grains is about 470 μm. Most of grain boundaries between the columnar grains are small-angle and the rest are high-angle grain boundaries. It is also found that the CUS Cu–2.5%Sn alloy has strong {110} <110> texture and cubic texture.


With the increasing popularity and development of e-commerce and information technology, multi-attribute bilateral matching problem has been receiving more and more attention. In this paper, multi-attribute bilateral matching problem is discussed based on the consideration of stable matching. Concepts and definitions of multi-attribute bilateral stable matching are presented firstly, followed by the definitions and sorting rules of the matching extent. Subsequently evaluation functions and evaluation rules for the stable matching results are proposed, and then an improved state transition strategy and an improved pheromone update strategy, which are suitable for this problem, are introduced. Based on the above-mentioned preparation, this paper presents an improved ant colony algorithm, and the simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can solve the traditional stable matching problem, and is also effective in the multi-attribute bilateral stable matching problem solving.


The 1000‐Hz 300°K dielectric constants were measured for crystalline α‐quartz, sapphire, MgF2, and MgO, and polycrystalline sapphire (Lucalox), magnesium fluoride (IRTRAN 1), and magnesium oxide (IRTRAN 5). The measurements were performed using the method of substitution (two‐fluid method). The results are as follows: single‐crystal α‐quartz, es∥=4.6368±0.001 and es⊥=4.5208±0.001; single‐crystal sapphire, es∥ = 11.589±0.005 and es⊥=9.395±0.005; polycrystalline sapphire (Lucalox), es=10.154±0.007; single‐crystal MgF2, es∥ =4.826±0.01 and es⊥=5.501±0.01; polycrystalline MgF2 (IRTRAN 1), es=5.289±0.001; single‐crystal MgO, es=9.830 ±0.001; and polycrystalline MgO (IRTRAN 5), es=9.833±0.001, where es∥ and es⊥ are the dielectric constants parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the c axis.


The radiative decay J/psi..--> gamma nu pi pi.. has been studied with data taken with the crystal ball detector at the SPEAR e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring. In addition to the well-known eta', the eta..pi pi.. mass spectrum shows a broad enhancement centered at approx.1700 MeV. The authors have searched for the iota(1440) in the eta..pi pi.. mass spectrum and find R(J/psi..--> gamma..iota)(iota..-->..eta..pi pi..)/R(J/psi..--> gamma..iota)( iota..-->..KK..pi..)<0.5 (90% confidence level).


The Warsai-Yikeaalo Program (WYP) has been introduced in Eritrea with an objective of constructing and reconstructing the infrastructure in the country. It has been under implementation since May 2002. The present study has been carried out to assess the impact of WYP in Eritrea in the infrastructure and economic development of the country. The defense personnel who are in the national service and the permanent staff as well are carrying out all the works under this program. It is to be noted that infrastructure created for the last four years of the program helped to improve the economic development of Eritrea in the post war period. The construction of roads, railway, airports, and ports greatly helped movement of people and goods and services for the betterment of the people in the country. The study covers different sectors agriculture, industry, education, health, tourism services etc., of the economy. The study also revealed that the people are happy to see the infrastructure in different areas of rural Eritrea. The study was carried out during the period 2002 to 2005. This study has limitations in that it is confined to the impact of Warsai-Yikeaalo Campaign in the development of Eritrea. However, various other developments under this program have not been discussed in detail. The broader issues of the economics, cultural, and political aspects that related to Eritrean economic development are beyond the scope of the paper.


A technique for examining cadaver prostates by per-rectal ultrasonography has been developed. The ultrasonic plane was defined and corresponding sections taken for microradiographic and histopathological examination. The technique has enabled a comparison to be made of the structural changes that occur in the prostate in disease states and the corresponding ultrasonic features.


Although the Nike v. Kasky case was widely reported to involve Nike's attempt to "defend" itself against its critics, in this article I demonstrate that according to textbook descriptions of the practice Nike was actually engaged in a form of marketing – reactive marketing PR. This marketing was designed to improve sales of its products in the wake of criticism of its labor practices and consumer backlash in response to those criticisms. Kasky claimed in his lawsuit that many of the statements Nike's representatives made in its defense were knowingly and intentionally false and he charged that they constituted fraud. The pleadings in the case reveal (despite widespread reportage to the contrary) that Nike hoped to raise a First Amendment defense to fraud.


This paper,by using nano-titanium dioxide which is highly dispersed and stable in solution,tested its acute toxicity on mice with appropriate amount in a short-term by the way of intraperitoneal injection.Then via TEM,XRD, PCS and other modern analytical techniques were used to characterize the physical and chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles,and observe its enrichment in various tissues by means of RAM,ICP,EDS spectrum analysis test,as well as its effects by HE staining tissue sections and Bio-TEM.It was found that the liver of the mice showed a higher enrichment with respect to other tissues,and other tissues have a certain degree of change relative to normal tissues.


Abstract Event-related potentials were recorded (N = 18) in a hybrid go/no-go Eriksen flanker task to study the neural correlates of response inhibition. Three letters were assigned to either a left-hand, a right-hand, or a no-go response. These three letters appeared either as targets signaling the assigned response or as flankers surrounding the target. The lateralized readiness potentials revealed erroneous cortical response priming on go trials, in which the target and flankers were assigned to different hands, as well as on no-go trials, in which the flankers primed one of the two hands. Exactly these two conditions were accompanied by a fronto-central amplitude modulation of the N200, suggesting that this ERP component may reflect inhibitory executive functions. The data replicate and extend recent studies by Kopp, Rist, and Mattler (1996) and Kopp, Mattler, Goertz, and Rist (1996).


Reactive flash volatilization (RFV) integrates flash pyrolysis with catalytic gasification in a single millisecond residence reactor (RFV gasifier) for producing clean syngas from biomass. The RFV gasifier is a down flow reactor with a preheated fixed-bed of catalyst with cocurrent flow of the biomass and air-steam feed streams. This process is complex and difficult to understand as it involves the biomass particle, the surrounding gas and the surface chemistry. In this work, an equilibrium ASPEN PLUS model was developed to provide a preliminary understanding of the complex integrated process that represents RFV of cellulose, a major component of lignocellulosic biomass. The most probable cellulose pyrolysis oil compounds, hydroxyacetaldehyde and levoglucosan, were identified with a novel devolatilization submodel. The model was then applied to predict thermodynamic equilibrium compositions of the product gas with varying steam-to-carbon ratios (S/C) of 0.09-2.4, carbon-to-oxygen ratios (C/O) of 0.6-0.9 and temperatures of 400-1000 degreesC. Over the investigated ranges of operating conditions, 85% of selectivity to H2 was predicted at C/O of 0.8, S/C of 2.4 and a temperature of around 550 degreesC. The selectivity to CO declined with the increase in S/C unlike the selectivity to H2 due to the effect of the water-gas shift reaction equilibrium. In contrast, increasing the C/O led to the production of more of the oxygen deficient species (CO) and hydrogen attributable to partial oxidation. The predicted model results agreed well with experimental data from the literature. The findings from this study help to direct the technology development based on better understanding of the process.


This article analyses the reason of the backwater quality change of Baotou Steel's tailings.It researches the influ- ences of the tailings backwater and the water from Yellow River on the carbon steel corrosion and predicts that the backwater will seriously corrode the carbon steel equipment of the Ore-dressing Plant in the future years.


Summary As a teacher of undergraduates, the main concern of the author in this article is the development of that aspect of a student's mathematical ability which may be called 'originality' or 'creativity'. After discussing the traditional view by way of an introduction, an analysis is given which highlights several important components of a student's mathematical abilities. This leads to a discussion of the contribution which can be made to the development of these components by 'discovery methods', and of how these may be used in undergraduate teaching. Finally a brief account is given, with references, of work of this kind which is in progress at all levels of mathematical education.


The autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease result from disability of polycystin-1 or polycystin-2.The pathogenesis of cyst formation is thought to relate to over-proliferation of epithelial cells, mild dedifferentiation, and fluid accumulation. These proteins are thought to function together polycystin ion channel complex which may participate in transduction of Ca~(2+) signals.Pathologic changes of the ion channel complex can cause directhy regulation disturbance of intracellular Ca~(2+) and result in cyst formation.


Enthalpy of vaporization is one of important thermodynamics properties for liquid.Various methods for determining enthalpies of vaporization are analyzed in detail and summarized in order to select and improve the de- termination methods of enthalpies of vaporization for coal liquefied oil fraction.The applicable range,advantages, disadvantages and the present situation are described and the suited method to determine the enthalpy of vaporiza- tion for coal liquid fraction is explored and induced.


The invention relates to a mapping method of the crystal orientations of a polycrystalline material, the method comprising: - receiving (21) a series of images of the polycrystalline material obtained by an acquisition device for lighting geometries different, - an estimation (22) of at least an intensity profile for at least one point considered of the material from the series of images, each intensity profile representing the intensity associated with the point considered on the basis of the illumination geometry, - determining (24) a crystal orientation for each point considered of the material by comparing (23) the intensity profile associated with said point considered in the theoretical pattern of orientations intensity profiles known crystal contained in a database.


• Prospect Trade Union have a guide to Health and Safety including home and lone working. https://www.prospect.org.uk/help-at-work/health-and-safety/index?_ts=1. Many organisations rely on digital solutions to enhance their lone working/safe home policy. The Suzy Lamplugh Trust gives a list of lone worker apps. https://www.suzylamplugh.org/Pages/Category/app-directory. A digital solution is usually only effective for as long as the battery lasts. Consider having a backup 'powerbank' to power your phone.


Objective:To explore the protective effects of rhubarb on gastrointestinal functions in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).Methods:Seventyeight patients with HFRS were randomly divided into two groups.The routine group was treated with western medicine alone but the prevention group treated based on the same therapy as routine group with rhubarb soak.The accurance rates of gastrointestinal mucosa hemorrhage,toxic enteroparalysis,and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) were observed,meanwhile the curative effects of rhubarb on gastrointestinal functional failure were observed.Results:The occurance rates of hemorrhage of gastrointestinal mucosa,toxic enteroparalysis and MODS in routine group were 42 1%,31 6%,and 21 1% respectively and they were significantly higher than those in prevention group ( P 0 05 or P 0 01).The effective rate of rhubarb for hemorrhage of gastrointestinal mucosa was 62 5% and for toxic enteroparalysis was 66 7% respectively.Conclusions:Rhubarb can prevent and treat gastrointestinal functional failure in patients with HFRS.


Based on team composition theory and job crafting research, this study built and examined a comprehensive moderated mediation model in a sample of 88 construction management teams consisting of 88 ...


Optically active and racemic poly(meth)acrylates with pendant 1,1′-binaphthalene moiety of 2-methacryloyloxy- and 2-acryloyloxy-2′-methoxy-1,1′-binaphthalene (MAMBN and AMBN) were synthesized by anionic, group transfer and free radical polymerization methods. Their polymerizability and chiroptical properties are somewhat different, depending on the three types of polymerization methods used. The yields for poly(MAMBN)s are lower than for poly(AMBN)s. The optical rotation of the optically active polymers is identical to that of the corresponding monomers. The values of specific rotation of optically active poly(AMBN)s are much larger than those of optically active poly(MAMBN)s. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry


The goal of this thesis is the prediction of the coupled electromechanical response of carbon nanotube doped polumer in ply-level (microscale), using minimal input from atomic and subatomic analyses. First, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes are predicted using an approach that combines molecular mechanics and finite element analysis. Next, the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes are predicted using the tight-binding method. The coupling of these two models leads to the prediction of the electromechanical response of individual carbon nanotubes. Finally, the microstructure of a nanocomposite is analyzed, along with the effects of strain. All these models, when combined, predict the coupled electromechanical response of the nanocomposite. All models and predictions have been successfully correlated with theroetical predictions and experimental measurements of other researchers, found in the open literature.


Sulfated zirconia over silica core (NSZS) was synthesised using an ultrasonic-irradiated sol-gel media in which zirconia nanoparticles were distributed on a silica core created by applying ultrasonic irradiation to the sol-gel medium. In order to produce a highly effective catalyst, it is important to have a high surface-to-volume ratio, which the synthesised core-shell catalytic system fully meets. An ultrasonic titanium horn in a sonochemical glass reactor was used for the synthesis. The generated catalyst's crystalline size was 8 nm using this procedure. XRD, N2 Physiosorption, TG-DTA, FTIR, and SEM were used to analyse the produced catalysts. Isobutane alkylation with butene-1 catalysed at 98 percent efficiency by the catalyst after 26 hours of speed of a person's response. A 94 percent activity level was achieved after four and two rounds of regeneration, respectively. Nanoparticles that are not agglomerated may be formed by ultrasonic irradiation, as shown by the NSZS's properties.


INTRODUCTION The establishment of suffrage as a legal institution has come a long way, driven by the formation and development of legal doctrine, the history of the emergence of the principles and mechanisms of democracy in Europe, the recognition of universal suffrage and the consolidation of that principle and its guarantees at the international level. The focus of the researchers is both the state of recognition and consolidation in law of all elements of suffrage, as well as the analysis of enforcement, those technical and bureaucratic barriers that do not allow a person to fully establish their rights in the electoral process. Some issues of participation of citizens – internally displaced persons and foreigners in local elections in EU countries in Ukraine were investigated by M.M. Antonovich, V.I. Ivancho, A.V. Levenets, E.V. Tkachenko, O.V. Chernetska, and other scientists. However, such a circumstance as having by resident resident tax status with a fixed tax address, as well as a voter in local elections, which characterize their financial and political connection not only with the state but also with the relevant territorial community (municipality, commune, etc.)), remains mainly out of the researcher's attention.


Significant progress had been made in genetic engineering vaccine research and development,genetic engineering vaccine had been from theory to practical use,and became a development trend in bio-product industry.The progress and the classification of animal genetic engineering vaccine,as well as their potential security were reviewed and analysized in this article.


value. It is therefore never considered by the supporters of traditional structures as a mediating agent for the social ties that continue to keep their &dquo;human&dquo; nature. Forms of social regulation that ensure the social existence of the traditional individual and his &dquo;reproduction&dquo; from generation to generation remain the basis for all social ties. Hence the tendency to subordinate the exchange of commodities to these personal relations: a commodity is not sold but is distributed in the form of a gift, a donation, a privilege, a reward and so on. Therefore, in the symbolics of &dquo;originality&dquo; special significance is attributed to things and objects which embody not the quantity of labor put into them, but the aspirations and hopes with which they are associated. Not only commodities but even labor itself is rejected as a basic element of social contact because it is linked with material factors of life. In rejecting bourgeois concepts of the division of labor, these theoreticians see the latter only as a source of a division of society into professional groups antagonistic one to the other. This proposition has been developed, for instance, in K. Kaunda's pamphlet I-Iumanism in Zambia. Emphasizing the danger that arises from the penetration of money relations into society, Kaunda connects this penetration with a greater specialization of labor. He asks: &dquo; What effects will the persistently increasing levels of specialization have on our much valued traditional society in our country? This field of specialization drives people to resort to new groups in society. In other words, people with common interests group together... partly as a means of promoting and protecting the welfare of their group.&dquo; All this gives rise to new tendencies in the disintegration of


The ''Plasma Physics by Laser and Applications'' Conference (PPLA 2013) is a biennial meeting in which the National teams involved in Laser–Plasma Interaction at high intensities communicate their late results comparing with the colleagues from the most important European Laser Facilities. The sixth appointment has been organized in Lecce, Italy, from 2 to 4 October 2013 at the Rector Palace of the University of Salento. Surprising results obtained by laser–matter interaction at high intensities, as well as, non–equilibrium plasma generation, laser–plasma acceleration and related secondary sources, diagnostic methodologies and applications based on lasers and plasma pulses have transferred to researchers the enthusiasm to perform experiments ad maiora. The plasma generated by powerful laser pulses produces high kinetic particles and energetic photons that may be employed in different fields, from medicine to microelectronics, from engineering to nuclear fusion, from chemistry to environment. A relevant interest concerns the understanding of the fundamental physical phenomena, the employed lasers, plasma diagnostics and their consequent applications. For this reason we need continuous updates, meetings and expertise exchanges in this field in order to follow the evolution and disclose information, that has been done this year in Lecce, discussing and comparing the experiences gained in various international laboratories. The conference duration, although limited to just 3 days, permitted to highlight important aspects of the research in the aforementioned fields, giving discussion opportunities about the activities of researchers of high international prestige. The program consisted of 10 invited talks, 17 oral talks and 17 poster contributions for a total of 44 communications. The presented themes covered different areas and, far from being exhaustive gave updates, stimulating useful scientific discussions. The Organizers belong to three Italian Universities, Professor V Nassisi of Salento University, Professor D Giulietti of Pisa University and Professor L Torrisi of Messina University. The Scientific Committee was constituted by colleagues coming from different European laboratories: Dr F Belloni from European Commission, Bruxell, Belgium; Professor M Borghesi from the Queens University of Belfast, United Kingdom; Professor L Calcagno from Catania University, Italy; Professor D Giulietti from Pisa University, Italy; Dr J Krása from Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Prague; Professor V Malka from Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Palaiseau, France; Professor V Nassisi from Salento University, Italy; Professor L Palladino from L'Aquila University, Italy; Professor L Torrisi from Messina University, Italy; Professor Ullschmied from Academy of Science of Czech Republic, Prague; Professor J Wolowski from Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion of Warsaw, Poland and Dr J. Badziak from Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion of Warsaw, Poland. The Local Organizing team was composed by: Dr G Buccolieri, Dr D Delle Side, Dr F Paladini and Dr L Velardi from Salento University and Dr M Cutroneo from Messina University. The Scientific secretariat was coordinated by Dr D. Dell'Anna from Salento University. The Topics discussed in the conference were: ·Laser–Matter interactions; ·Laser ion sources; ·Electron beam generation; ·Physics of non–equilibrium plasmas; ·Theoretical models in plasmas; ·Photons and particles emission from pulsed plasmas; ·Ion acceleration from plasma; ·Fs laser pulses; ·Pulsed laser deposition; ·Applications of laser beams and pulsed plasmas; ·Techniques of characterization of plasmas. The colleagues attending the conference were about 80. The Chairmen and Presidents of the different Conference sessions were: Professor V Nassisi, Professor D Giulietti, Professor L Torrisi, Professor M Borghesi, Dr K Rohlena (ASCR of Prague, Czech Republic), Professor D Neely (RAL, Oxon, UK), Dr J Ullschmied (ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic), Professor S Ratynskaia (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden), Dr J. Krása, Dr J. Badziak. The award Leos Laska, a Czech colleague which gave in its country relevant contributions to development of the experimental activities in these research fields, has been proposed in memory to his work and to stimulate the interest of young researchers in this important sector. The Scientific Committee conferred the prize to Dr Mariapompea Cutroneo, PhD in Physics of Messina University, for her activity in the field of new methodologies related to the ion acceleration in laser–generated plasma. The widespread success of the event suggests we will meet again, next 2015, in another South Italy venue, as wonderful and welcoming as Lecce was. Vincenzo Nassisi, Danilo Giulietti, Lorenzo Torrisi and Domenico Delle Side


We consider the number $\sigma(w)$ of positions that do not start a square in binary words $w$. Letting $\sigma(n)$ denote the maximum of $\sigma(w)$ for length $|w|=n$, we show that $\lim \sigma(n)/n = 15/31$.


We present a novel inspection framework to detect dirt and blemish in production line of optical fabrication automatically. To detect dirt defect from vignette surface, we use B-Spline to generate an ideal vignette surface and subtract the contaminated surface from the generated vignette surface to locate the defect. Besides, we apply some image processing methods to optimize our inspection framework. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach regarding dirt detection in automatic optical inspection.


All people around the world requires to move from one place to another for their daily needs. To overcome this requirement conventional vehicles were developed. These vehicles run only by the means of fossil fuels such as petrol, diesel, gas etc. By consuming these fuels, they will exhaust CO2 as their biproduct which causes global warming, release of greenhouse gas and other harmful effects. This leads to the invention of the Electric Vehicles (EV). This E-vehicles consumes only the electricity to run, and it does not require any lubricants and fuels. The main drawback of the Electric vehicles is the running time is limited due to the less amount of range in a charge. Electric vehicle charging stations are fewer compared to the petrol/diesel bunk at present. One of the main challenges for the electric vehicle is charging their vehicles in the charging stations and it involves added construction cost and requires lots of space while constructing a charging station for an individual battery voltage type. In a rare case if an Electric vehicle charging station is spotted, it may not be available for the all the type of electric vehicle models, it might vary according to the company models availability. This leads the driver to look for other charging station or upcoming charging station and there is huge demand on the particular or selective charging station. To overcome this situation, this study has built a prototype to enhance all the electric vehicle two-wheelers to charge their vehicles in a single charging station. The proposed model can charge the two-wheelers, which has their input voltages as 52V, 60V, 72V volts. These three voltages are selected based on the trending Electric Vehicles (EVs). 52V represent the Ather 450x model, 60V represent the TVS Iqube model, and 72V represent the Hero Photon model. To develop a feasible solution, this study has used the multi tap changing transformer to control these three-output voltage to the vehicle, which can be easily charged. Further, this study has created a mobile application to check the battery status and display the battery percentage while charging and time left for charging. This application can change the required input voltage at the time of charging. In addition to, this research work has implemented a special feature, which is auto cut off, which shutdowns the supply when the vehicles battery is fully charged. This avoids the critical situation of bursting of batteries when they are overloaded. This special feature is a feather in hat in our prototype. There are many advantages in using this type of charging station like charging the electric vehicle batteries, which contain different voltages such as 52, 60, 72 Volts, auto cut-off process is implemented and mobile application is used to switch the required voltages. The only demerit while using this system is the proposed model cannot be able to charge more than one vehicle at a time.


We construct an isospectrum system in terms of a real and a complex potential to show that the underlying PT -symmetric complex Hamiltonian possesses a real spectrum which is shared by its real partner.


Thank you for downloading hydraulic control systems. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this hydraulic control systems, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. hydraulic control systems is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the hydraulic control systems is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The answer to this question is a resounding yes. Be cause of the demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War there are opportunities not present before to reconsider the Kennedy space policy for Project Apollo . The major contours of that story have been told and retold many times, but the revisio nist perspectives expressed about Kennedy in recent years, and especially the availability of new documentary materials —many of which had been highly classified as part of Cold War security concerns —offer an opportunity to reconsider the major themes of hi s centerpiece space policy announcement, the decision to land Americans on the Moon before the end of the decade. This paper explores the parameters of reinterpretation that forty years of perspective offer.


In 1085, most likely from a desire to audit his tax revenues, William the Conqueror commissioned a survey of the land and resources of the country over which he reigned. The results of that survey come down to us in two tomes, the Little Domesday and the Great Domesday, in which were recorded voluminous amounts of data concerning the land, people, buildings, and chattel throughout England. By no means was this a complete record; large swathes of urban England – London, for example – were not included, nor was there any census of church personnel or property. The Little and Great Domesday books accordingly are an odd mix of completeness and incompleteness, leaving out such large parts of English society yet cataloguing to an excruciating level of detail within the areas surveyed. Similarly, this chapter is a complete yet incomplete survey of the docking and scoring landscape. We do not review the general principles of docking technologies; a sufficient number of such reviews have been published in peer-reviewed journals alone. Nor do we evaluate the state of the art for docking programs and scoring functions; a number of well-regarded and careful evaluations describe the current capabilities and limitations of the technology. Instead, under "Comments on the Theory of Docking" we will make explicit the connections between docking and a theory of noncovalent association.


Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is a disease that often is associated with a high propensity for recurrence and progression. Surgical treatment consists of complete removal of the kidney, the ureter in toto, and the ipsilateral bladder cuff including the ureteral orifice. When performed with an open approach, this operation requires either two incisions or an extended flank incision. The integration of the laparoscopic approach has been successful at reducing postoperative convalescence and improving recovery while maintaining the oncologic outcome [1]. The featured study by Kamihira et al represents a large experience with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma from 51 centers in Japan [2]. Such a study, commissioned by the Japanese Society of Endourology and ESWL, is bound to provide a wealth of information and to raise a number of questions. This study establishes that laparoscopic nephroureterectomy can be performed safely with low morbidity and a low complication profile. Most important, it reflects the heterogeneity of surgical practice patterns and brings forth the debate about the following technical issues: (1) the role of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and (2) the inability to dissociate total removal of the distal ureter including the ipsilateral ureteral orifice from radical nephroureterectomy. First, the present study [2] and another equally large multicenter study using mainly an open approach [3] report concomitant lymphadenectomy at the time of nephroureterectomy in 43–45% of cases. The indications and the anatomic template explored were at the discretion of the surgeon and, given the retrospective nature of the methodology, will be difficult to analyze. For a disease that shares so much background with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, one wonders whether it is sound to extrapolate from the evidence supporting the role of a thorough lymphadenectomy in improving survival in bladder cancer until the evidence for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer materializes [4]. Second, total removal of the distal ureter including the ipsilateral ureteral orifice is undissociable from the radical nephroureterectomy. The fact that the present study by Kamihira et al [2] did not find an association between the different modalities of managing the distal ureter does not, by itself, validate an incomplete ureteral resection. Finally, the higher rate of postoperative de novo bladder tumors after hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is an interesting point, bringing to the debate the hypothesis of tumor manipulation.


NEW HOLLAND'S CROSSOVER HARVESTING COMBINE WITH TWIN ROTOR SEPARATION AND CONVENTIONAL THRESHING TECHNOLOGY PROMISES TO OFFER THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS


CONTRIBUTORS AND ADVISORS DICTIONARY Stratigraphic Units as Defined in the North American Stratigraphic Code, 1983 Time-Scales Wind Strength SI Units, Conversions, and Multiples Bibliography


Machine learning-based space weather analytics has attracted much attention due to the potential damages that can be caused by the extreme space weather events. Using a recently released data benchmark, named SWAN-SF, designed for solar flare forecasting based on the pre-flare time series of solar magnetic field parameters, we conduct a case study on the impacts of statistical features derived from the multivariate time series. We investigate the relationship between the number of needed statistical features extracted from the multi-variate time series and the performance of flare forecast models. To that end, we employ random forest and mean decrease impurity to determine a feature selection methodology along with an evaluation procedure. The proposed evaluation method delivers a balance between the two frequently used metrics in this domain, namely True Skill Statistic and Heidke Skill Score. Our approach allows to introduce a generic feature selection and evaluation procedure that is independent from the minor and often obscured decisions that must be made for having a binary forecast model, while presenting interpretable and actionable tools that can help non-data experts make more informed and realistic decisions.


This article provides different elements to establish evaluation criteria, that serve as aid in the acquisition of on-line data bases. The purpose is to agglutinate the most representative ones in a specified sector in order to facilitate the establishment of librarian partnerships that make possible the access to the information within the geographical area of MERCOSUR.


In this paper, the water sloshing in a 2D container is simulated numerically. The 2D Laplace equation is solved by using the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) based on the linearized free surface boundary condition. The computational results are compared with the analytical solution and solutions from a finite element method (FEM). It is found that the SBFEM method gives much better results than the FEM method in the case of same mesh size. The effect of the oscillating frequency on the amplitude of the surface elevation is also investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This thesis contributes to the field of nonequilibrium phenomena in many-body quantum systems. The properties of systems driven out of equilibrium are studied from three different perspectives: dynamics, thermodynamics, and dynamical phase transitions. The real-time dynamics of quenched quantum systems is studied on the basis of explicit examples of strongly-correlated many-body systems such as the Kondo model, the Luttinger liquid, and the anisotropic Heisenberg chain. The thermodynamic point of view is addressed in terms of the nonequilibrium work fluctuation theorems. In particular, it is shown that work distribution functions and thus also the Crooks relation can be measured in optical spectra of the x-ray edge type. The central aspect of this thesis is the definition of a dynamical phase transition for closed quantum many-body systems that is then analyzed in detail for the one-dimensional transverse field Ising model. In the end the properties of periodically driven quantum systems is discussed for different models such as the Kondo model, resonant level model, and the Luttinger liquid.


The invention relates to a control device for the damping of oscillations of a cable-guided load, in particular of a crane load, with a mountable on a load-receiving means inertial measurement system for detecting oscillations of the load. In addition, the control means comprises a controller to set a target value for controlling a drive unit which is coupled to at least one of suspension of the load, corresponding to a predetermined regulator functional in response to a related at least to a detected swing angle of the load control deviation.


Taylor and Francis CCED_A_519476.sgm 10.1080/03050068.2010.519476 omparative Education 0305-0 68 (pri t)/1360-0486 (online) Original Article 2 10 & Francis 46 00No mber 201 D MicheleS hwei furth m.schweisfurt @bha .ac.uk From a social constructionist perspective, virtually anything worth analysing in education is a fabrication of human imagination and choices. Within a given culture, some of these constructs are sufficiently shared as to be commonly understood. So, if I talk to another Canadian (or at least another female Canadian academic comparativist d'un certain âge living in the UK) about teaching, there's a pretty good chance that we're talking about more or less the same thing. These constructs become part of our lifeworld, and so are not readily visible to ourselves. How can we understand the nature of these in the lifeworlds of others, or indeed in our own? Comparative studies are one avenue. In this issue of Comparative Education, we have seven articles which explore various phenomena in education. The differences between perspectives help to highlight the socially-constructed nature of these aspects of education. They also serve to call into question dominant views of how these should be defined in policy or academic contexts. On the other hand, other important questions arise: in the contemporary reality of globalisation, how influential in policy and practice are constructs which are apparently operationalised at a supra-national level? And do we have a truly shared understanding of these? In the first article, 'Childhood learning, life skills and well-being in adult life: a Senegalese case', Holger Daun reports on longitudinal research conducted in Senegal on the relationships between educational background, life skills and personal wellbeing in adult life among individuals who participated in different learning systems as children: Quranic, Arabic, primary ('western') and indigenous. While the dominant 'human capital' view of schooling might predict more positive outcomes for those who attended primary schooling, the data do not support this unequivocally. In exploring the possible explanations for this, Daun's analysis points to the need to understand local frames of reference in how people construct well-being, with concepts such as 'relative deprivation' being important, and the influence of a collectivist culture in shaping perceptions. Ultimately, the article calls into question how we define someone as being 'in education', which must be central to any discussion of the global goal of education for all. The second article, 'Prospects and pitfalls: a review of post-apartheid education policy research and analysis in South Africa', focuses on a national context which through its dramatic changes has been of considerable interest in the field for the past decade. Carol Anne Spreen and Salim Vally review education policy research in the period since the end of apartheid, offering an extended analysis of the particular circumstances and challenges faced by the South African government, and critiquing the existing education system. They also step back from the process of policy analysis, noting that:


In their recent article, Chafik and colleagues 1 reported the case of a 51-year old man who presented with an intramural esophageal bronchogenic cyst that was successfully resected through a standard thoracotomy. Bronchogenic cysts occur more frequently in the mediastinum around the tracheobronchial tree or within the lung parenchyma. As for the risk of symptomatic compression, the topography of the cyst appears to be more important than its volume; in fact cysts located in the upper mediastinum may produce more compression than those located in the middle or inferior mediastinum. 2 Computed tomography scans and endoscopic ultrasound remain the investigations of choice in all patients. These imaging techniques allow an accurate study of the lesions, and above all, their topographic relationship, in order to plan the most appropriate surgical approach. 3 Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasound facilitates the diagnosis of intramural esophageal lesions because of its capacity to clearly define the size, layer of origin, and pattern of the mass. 4 In the discussion section, the authors assert that video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery is a less invasive option but carries a 10%–30% complication rate. We do not believe this is likely to be true. Thoracoscopic resection may be hazardous only in patients with infected cysts and adhesions to the adjacent mediastinal structures. De Giacomo and colleagues 5 reported details of 30 patients with mediastinal bronchogenic cysts, who had been successfully treated through a thoracoscopic approach without operative deaths or intraoperative complications. In only 2 cases was thoracoscopy converted to thoracotomy due to major pleural adhesions. 5 Thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts is usually easy due to the hypovascular nature of these masses. During thoracoscopic excision of the mass, especially one located near the esophageal wall, as in open surgery, permanent transillumination of the esophagus through the esophagoscope is very useful because it allows control of the integrity of the esophageal mucosa. 2 We believe that a thoracoscopic approach for uncomplicated mediastinal cysts should be the primary therapeutic option because of the low rate of complications or conversion to a standard thoracotomy, with little impairment of the chest wall.