The objective of this paper is to research singular transport equations with anisotropic continuous energy homogeneous in slab geometry of reflecting boundary conditions in L~p(1 p +∞).It proves the compactness of the first order remainder term R_1(t)of the Dyson-Phillips expansion of transport semigroup V(t)(t≥0) by using the structuring operator,comparing operator.In the last,it obtains that the semigroup V(t) and semigroup U(t)(generated by the streaming operator B)have the same essential spectral,the same type of the essential spectral;the spectrum of the transport operators Ah consists of finite isolate eigenvalues with finite algebraic multiplicity in trip Γ and the asymptotic stability of the solution of the transport equations.


The aggregation of individual personality tests to predict team performance is widely accepted in management theory but has significant limitations: the isolated nature of individual personality surveys fails to capture much of the team dynamics that drive real-world team performance. Artificial Swarm Intelligence (ASI), a technology that enables networked teams to think together in real-time and answer questions as a unified system, promises a solution to these limitations by enabling teams to take personality tests together, whereby the team uses ASI to converge upon answers that best represent the group's disposition. In the present study, the group personality of 94 small teams was assessed by having teams take a standard Big Five Inventory (BFI) test both as individuals, and as a real-time system enabled by an ASI technology known as Swarm AI. The predictive accuracy of each personality assessment method was assessed by correlating the BFI personality traits to a range of real-world performance metrics. The results showed that assessments of personality generated using Swarm AI were far more predictive of team performance than the traditional survey-based method, showing a significant improvement in correlation with at least 25% of performance metrics, and in no case showing a significant decrease in predictive performance. This suggests that Swarm AI technology may be used as a highly effective team personality assessment tool that more accurately predicts future team performance than traditional survey approaches.


This paper investigated carbon steel corrosion in an enclosed environment, where one set of steel was immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and another exposed to humid (condensation) conditions. The study employed electrochemical noise and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques to monitor real time corrosion behaviour. The samples were evaluated with surface characterisation techniques including optical light microscope, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that carbon steel immersed in the liquid phase at a constant temperature exhibited the highest weight loss. However, the carbon steel exposed to water condensation (gas phase) at 80 °C manifested extensive localised corrosion. EN results agreed with the microscopy findings.


Nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) was demonstrated to interact strongly with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and PPARα ligands suppressed this interaction. In contrast to the interaction of PPARα with the coactivator protein, p300, association of the receptor with NCoR did not require any part of the PPARα ligand binding domain. NCoR was found to suppress PPARα-dependent transcriptional activation in the context of a PPARα·retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) heterodimeric complex bound to a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. This repression was reversed agonists of either receptor demonstrating a functional interaction between NCoR and PPARα·RXRα heterodimeric complexes in mammalian cells. NCoR appears to influence PPARα signaling pathways and, therefore, may modulate tissue responsiveness to peroxisome proliferators.


A series of six methyl enol ether analogs 8 - 13 of geraniol, ( E , E )-farnesol, and ( E , E , E )-geranylgeraniol was synthesized from a group of three allylic methyl ethers and three allylic chlorides. Lithiation of the 1-methyl-, or 1-alkenylvinyl ethers with sec -butyllithium at -78 °C followed by alkylations of the resulting ( Z )-(3-methoxyallyl)lithium reagents afforded the six possible Z-configured(trans) methoxynor polyprenyl benzyl ethers bearing the methoxy substituent at the internal and terminal double bonds with high Z/E ratios (5 : 1-31 : 1) and 47-80% yields. Reductive cleavage of the benzyl groups with lithium in liquid ammonia gave the corresponding methoxynor polyprenols. 11-Methoxy-18-nor and 7-methoxy-19-nor geranylgeraniols ( 13 and 12 ) were converted to the corresponding diphosphates, 7 and 32 , by the Poulter displacement method. The stability of the enol ether in 7 in aqueous solution at pH 8 was verified by NMR analyses. The diphosphates of the methoxynor polyprenols may prove useful as substrate analogs for terpene synthases to capture transient intermediates in cyclization reactions catalyzed by these enzymes.


In olden times the diluvial sands of the southern Netherlands around the village nucleus formed widespread heaths, fens and bogs. On them the farmers had rights of grazing, and of digging peat and turf. In Saxon areas in the eastern Netherlands these lands became common property (marches or commons, Du. marken), while in the south, under the influence of French law, the land became municipal property. Over the centuries they were reclaimed on a small scale; new settlements and villages grew up. From the beginning of the 19th century the government encouraged reclamation and many thousands of hectares were sold, chiefly for forestation. In 1856, North Brabant had about 100,000 ha and Limburg about half as much municipal waste land; figures in 1923 were 33,000 and 12,000 ha. Artificial manures, credit (Raiffeisenbanks) and education allowed the establishment of farms on sands at the end of the 19th century. The farmers bought or rented areas of waste to enlarge their farms or to establish entirely new farms. This was later encouraged by cheap credit from the government and through reclamation by the unemployed. Large-scale reclaimers preferred areas of marsh and fen. The advantages and disadvantages of these forms of reclamation, and of sale or renting out by the municipality were considered.


Epilepsy is a frequent and sometimes leading symptom in inborn errors of metabolism, especially in neonatal or infantile ones. Early myoclonic encephalopathy and myoclonus as a seizure type are the prototypes of epilepsy in inherited metabolic diseases. But clinical presentation also includes refractory neonatal seizures, Ohtahara syndrome, infantile spasms and progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Clinical manifestations seems to be similar in different etiology and in majority of cases look like unspecific epileptic encephalopathy. Selected treatable inborn errors of metabolism are discussed alongside with diagnostic approach to inherited metabolic epilepsies. Probably it's better to avoid the treatment with valproic acid in clinical situations when etiology is unclear. Alternative use of levetiracetam is recommended. Besides the antiepileptic drugs we can also make pyridoxine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate and folinic acid consequent trials for 3-5 days before our diagnostic quest succeed.


The objective of this test is to determine, through in-reactor testing, the resistance to corrosion of nickel plated fuel elements, plated by a chemical deposition technique. This program may eventually be composed of the following portions, the first of which is authorized by this test: (1) Irradiate ten columns of 0.5 mil chemically nickel-plated C-64 OIIN fuel elements having various heat treatments, each alternated with x-8001 control pieces. Two columns will be exposed to 400 MWD/T and eight to 800 NWD/T. (2) Should results from the above test be encouraging, separate authorization for the following tests may be requested: (a) Irradiate four columns of nickel-plated fuel and four of X-8001 clad fuel, both groups having purposely cocked pieces, until two ruptures are sustained in each group or until a factor of improvements of 400 is demonstrated at the 95% confidence level, unless the nickel-plated elements fail first. (b) Irradiate five columns of chemically nickel-plated C-64 clad OIIN fuel elements, alternating 0.2 mil and 0.5 mil plate, heat treated at 300{degrees}C for six hours. Two columns will be discharged at 400 MWD/T and three columns at 800 MWD/T exposure. (c) Irradiate approximately thirty columns of nickel-plated, C-64 alloy clad fuel elementsmore » to 200 per cent of normal goal exposure to extend the evaluation of nickel-plated fuel elements on a pilot scale.« less


The Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron provides proton, deuteron, alpha particle and other light ion beams with a charge-to-mass ratio 𝑄/𝐴 of ≥ 1/2 and kinetic energies ranging from 7 to 14 MeV per nucleon 1 . At a novel irradiation site, a 14 MeV proton beam with a diameter of a few mm is utilized to homogeneously irradiate silicon detectors, so-called devices under test (DUTs), to perform radiation hard-ness studies. Homogeneous irradiation is achieved by mov-ing the DUT through the beam in a row-wise scan pattern with constant velocity and a row separation smaller than the beam diameter. During the irradiation procedure, the beam parameters are continuously measured non-destructively using a calibrated, secondary electron emission-based beam monitor, installed at the exit window of the beamline. The diagnostics and the irradiation procedure ensure a homogeneous irradiation with a proton fluence error of smaller than 2 % . In this work, an overview of the accelerator facility is given and the irradiation site with its beam diagnostics is presented in detail.


The 2021 Local Autonomy Act has been revised and implemented by strengthening decentralized factors such as diversity in institutional composition. In addition, the key elements and concepts of local autonomy, the elements of resident autonomy, were also systematically strengthened. Of course, it is regrettable that the "Residents' Self-Governing Council", which was expected to be regulated by the final amendment, was not reflected in legislation, but it is recognized that the elements of decentralization and resident autonomy have been strengthened overall compared to the old law. Specifically, matters related to residents' participation in autonomous administration were included in the purpose regulations (Article 1), residents' participation in the policy-making and execution process was stipulated as rights (17)), residents' right to enact, revise, and abolish municipal ordinances (Article 19), and residents' rulemaking (Article 20). However, since the expression of strengthening resident sovereignty has recently emerged in discussions on strengthening resident autonomy, it is questionable whether it is appropriate to uncritically accept it in legal and institutional discourse. There is no need to refute the degree to which it is used as an emphasized expression of resident autonomy at the slogan level, but the strengthening of resident sovereignty elements in legal and institutional discussions is considered a different level, so separate discussions are needed in the future. In addition, the participation of residents is considered necessary, and this is understood as a factor that strengthens democratic legitimacy in autonomous administration. However, whether the participation of residents only needs to be secured quantitatively and mechanically is understood as a separate issue.


For the protection of the global environment, it is essential to decrease the emissions of CO 2 which is a green house gas. Lean-burn and diesel engines offer relatively low CO 2 emissions and good fuel economy. However, in oxygen excess, the conversion of NO x is low, since the reducing agents in the exhaust are more favorably oxidized by oxygen than by NO x . The NO x storage and reduction technique solves this problem by trapping NO x for a relatively long period of time (min) in lean conditions, where catalytic conversion of NO x to N 2 is unfavorable. The engine is then for a short time (s) tuned to a rich mixture, which causes a release and reduction of the stored NO x . A typical NO x storage catalyst consists of one or more noble metal(s), such as Pt, Rh and Pd, a NO x storage compound, commonly BaO, and a support material like γ-Al 2 O 3 . One major problem with NO x storage catalysts is sulfur poisoning, through which the NO x storage capacity and the reduction properties are strongly suppressed. Sulfur comes from sulfur in the fuel and lubricating oils. The main objective of this work was to improve the understanding of the effect of noble metal and storage material dispersion on the catalytic activity for NO x storage and reduction, in the presence and absence of sulfur. The capacity for NO x storage and reduction in Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 NO x storage catalysts can be enhanced by enhancing the dispersion of both Pt and BaO. The Pt dispersion can be enhanced by choosing a Pt precursor with chemical properties suitable for a proper interaction with the support. We prepared Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts from different precursors and found that catalysts prepared using platinum nitrate are most active for NO x storage and reduction. In order to understand how sulfur interacts with Pt and NO x storage sites, Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 and BaO/Al 2 O 3 samples were treated with SO 2 , SO 2 + O 2 or SO 2 + H 2 prior to performing NO x storage and thermal regeneration cycles. The NO x storage capacity declined for all samples at all sulfur exposure conditions. For the Pt-containing samples, the deactivation was fastest with SO 2 + H 2 treatment, while all three sulfur exposure conditions had a similar effect on the BaO/Al 2 O 3 samples. Quantitative sulfur analysis showed that more sulfur was trapped in a SO 2 + O 2 -treated Pt/ BaO/Al 2 O 3 sample, compared to a corresponding SO 2 + H 2 -treated sample. No sulfur was found in the BaO/Al 2 O 3 samples, indicating that the sulfur was weakly bound to these samples and desorbed with time. To describe these results with kinetic modelling, we assumed that NO x is stored only on surface storage sites, while sulfur is stored on both surface and bulk sites. The model was able to describe the experimental results fairly well. To attempt to improve the sulfur tolerance of Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, we studied the effect of metal oxide additives on the NO and SO 2 oxidation capacity of metal oxide-promoted Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. We found that the addition of MoO 3 to Pt/Al 2 O 3 enhances the oxidation of NO to NO 2 , while suppressing the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 . However, the NO x storage performance of the MoO 3 modified Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst declined more rapidly than the performance of the unmodified Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, due to faster deterioration during the regeneration (rich) periods.


approved: Lavern J. Weber An approach previously proposed for studying the effects of mixtures of environmental toxicants on the quantal (all or none) responses of whole organisms was evaluated in terms of its applicability to quantitative (graded) response studies. Four types of multiple toxicity were defined respectively as concentration, response, supraand infra-addition. Hypothetical dose response curves and their respective isobole diagrams were used to illustrate the relationships between the types of toxicarit interaction discussed. Growth was selected as the quantitative response for study in order to empirically evaluate the proposed approach. The effects of copper, nickel, and dieldrin and selected mixtures of these cornpounds on the re1ative growth and food consumption rates of juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata) fed a restricted and an unrestricted ration of tubificid worms were expressed as a function of the natural logarithm of toxicant concentration. The resulting dose response Redacted for Privacy curves for binary mixtures of copper-nickel and dieldrin-nickel were compared to curves predicted on the basis of the previously mentioned types of toxicant interaction. Mixtures of copper and nickel appeared to be either concentration additive or slightly supra-additive depending upon the defined response under consideration. The results of the dieldrinnickel study were inconclusive regarding the determination of the nature of the interaction for mixtures of these toxicants. Possibie reasons for the difficulties encountered in interpreting the resuits of the dieldrin-nickei studies are discussed. in summary, the proposed approach appears to provide a useful frame of reference for empirically describing the combined effects of multiple toxicants on the performances of whole organisms; however, to offer explanations as to why mixtures of toxicants interact in a particular manner requires further studies on the effects of combined toxicants on underlying biochemical processes and physiological functions. Evaluation of an Approach for Studying the Quantitative Responses of Whole Organisms to Mixtures of Environmental Toxicarits


Most law review articles are of interest only to a priesthood of scholars and law students, but occasionally one attains iconic status. Jerome Barron's 1967 "Access to the Press—A New First Amendment Right" 1 is in that special category. Developed against the egalitarian background and political turmoil of the 1960s, and reflecting a growing awareness of the threat posed by media consolidation to a diverse "marketplace" of information and ideas, Barron's article ambitiously proposed a constitutional right of public access not only to broadcast, but to print media. The Supreme Court's decision in Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC two years later, upholding the Federal Communication Commission's Fairness Doctrine, seemed to ratify Barron's thesis. 2 But since Red Lion, the First Amendment right of access has not had a happy career in the courts. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Democratic National Committee, just four years after Red Lion, rejected a constitutional or statutory right of access to broadcast outlets for political advertising; 3 and Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, the following year, rejected even a modest version of Barron's theory for print media by striking down a state right of reply statute that was limited to electoral candidates wishing to respond to personal attacks. 4 Barron argued the case. Many pundits and policymakers also resisted the proposed right of access. Apart from political and doctrinal objections, some


Objective This study aimed to (i) study two different triple strategies of sorafenib combined with chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation (starting administration of sorafenib after TACE combined RFA, or starting administration of sorafenib before TACE combined RFA) for large, unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas, (ii) observe its applicability, safety and preliminary efficacy, and (iii) to provid clinical evidences to support the future multicenter large-scale randomized clinical trials. Methods Recruited patients of advanced stage HCCs (the maximum diameter of the HCC5 cm) form 2008-2011 were randomly divided into two groups receiving different triple strategies:Group A, administration of sorafenib after the TACE combined RFA; Group B, administration of sorafenib 1~2 weeks before the TACE combined RFA. Regular follow-up was started in all the patients after the first treatment, and the adverse events and patients′ overall survival time were determined. Results Until the end of the follow up period (date: 2013-02-21), both group A and group B recruited 15 eligible patients. 23 patients died (A group 11 cases, B group 12 cases) and 7 survived during a follow-up of 9-49 months. The average diameter of HCC lesions was (8.9±3.1)cm. There was no therapy related death occurred in this study; No severe post-procedure complication occurred. Hand-foot skin reaction (53.3% vs 66.7% , P=0.710), anepithymia (53.3% vs 46.7% , P=0.999), fatigue (53.3% vs 40.0%, P=0.715), and diarrhea (33.3% vs 46.7%, P=0.710) were the most common AEs after the use of sorafenib in patients of group A and B, the incidences of which were not statistically different between these two groups. Survival analysis shown no significantly difference of the OS between patients of two groups (group A 31 months vs group B 33 months, χ2=0.050, P=0.822). Conclusion The two different combined strategies using sorafenib after TACE combined RFA or using sorafenib before TACE combined RFA are both feasible and safe in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas large than 5 cm, and the safety profile was similar. Administration of sorafenib before local treatment could not improve the long-term survival benefits when compared to the use of sorafenib after TACE combined RFA.


Polystyrene films with 1,4-di-STA5-phenyl-oxazolyl-(2)!benzene (DPOO) as additive, irradiated in and without air. After the oxygen originally dissolved in the film was used up, the oxygen delivered by diffusion could only penetrate to a limited depth into the polymer, as an equilibrium occurred between oxygen supply by diffusion and oxygen consumption by reaction. This result followed from the destruction rate of DPOO and the change in polymerization degree of the polystyrene and was especially supported by investigations of the dependence on the film thickness. The high G-value of dissolved DPOO with respect to DPOO in substance must be attributed to an energy transfer from polystyrene to the additive. The infiuence of oxygen is shown by the fact that in the dose range investigated only with oxygen present does there occur destruction of DPOO in polystyrene. In addition, an influence of polymerization degree of the polystyrene on the destruction of the additive was discovered. It is therefore assumed, that the polymerization degree affects the number of radicals or excited states formed on the DPOO; it is shown that differences in the oxygen diffusion can explain this observation only in part. (auth)


. The body organization and some biological data of Epimenia arabica, a new species of Sotenogastres of the order Cavibelonia, are presented. The species is described based on four large-sized specimens (13–21 cm × 0.7-1 cm) from three different localities off the coast of the Sinai Peninsula (Red Sea). It feeds on Scleronephthya corymbosa Verseveldt & Cohen (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea), generally at depths of 2–5 meters.


Hormonal manipulations with implants allow examination of the costs and benefits of behaviors and physiologic states mediated by a given hormone. As a part of on- going research into the effects of the steroid hormone testosterone (T) in Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis), we measured the corticosterone (B, a steroid hormone secreted by the ad- renal in response to stress ) response to the stress of capture and handling in males treated with T (T-males) and in control males (C-males). Although B may be essential for energy mobilization, chronic or repeated exposure to elevated levels of B can have many negative effects. Because T mediates many behaviors that may increase the likelihood that an indi- vidual will encounter stressors, we predicted that plasma B would rise more rapidly in T- males than in controls. In the first few minutes post-capture, the increase in B levels was significantly higher in T-males than in controls. B levels in samples collected 10, 30, and 60 min post-capture were consistently higher in T-males than in C-males; however, the differ- ence was not statistically significant. Because previous work has shown that T-males reduce their parental contribution, we compared females that were mated to T-males and C-males (hereafter T- and C-females). B levels of T-females increased sharply in the first few minutes post-capture, whereas in C-females they did not; however, the responses were not statisti- cally different. Males had higher initial levels and a greater B-response to stress than females when data were compared irrespective of treatment. Our results suggest that the behaviors or physiological changes induced by T are potentially costly and that such costs may in part be incurred through elevated B. Received 25 November 1997, accepted 5 May 1998. IN MOST NORTH-TEMPERATE BIRDS, circulating levels of testosterone (T) in males are elevated during the sexual phase of the breeding season


In prosperous ages,Cifu always prospers.However,contemporary Cifu literature is drifting away to become utilitarian.In view of the current expository and practical trend of Cifu writing,characterized by piling up images and reiterating historical anecdotes,the author puts forward the following warning: with irony it persists,without irony it perishes;with emotion it exists,without emotion it dies;with novelty it prospers,without novelty it withers.


This thesis is based on four essays. The first investigates time-variation in the relationship between short interest rates and consumption in the USA and Sweden. Results based on Bayesian VAR mode ...


In the fall issue of 2011, Philosophy Today published an open letter from Gregory Fried to Emmanuel Faye along with Faye's response.1 At stake was Heidegger's Nazism and therefore also, if not primarily, his chef-d'oeuvre, Being and Time. Faye refers to my book (Historical Destiny and National Socialism in Heidegger's Being and Time) as one of the two "great studies" and "classics" that have recognized "the volkisch significance of §74" of Being and Time? Simon Critchley similarly acknowledges that I have shown "the systematic connection between fundamental ontology and national socialism ... in extraordinary scholarly detail."3 My book, however, was published already in the last millennium and it was misrepresented in reviews.4 In addition, I have done some further work on the issue. Thus I would like to present a synopsis of my interpretation in my book and papers, beginning with a summary of my interpretation of the content of §74, the crucial section of the chapter on historicality (in Stambaugh's translation, historicity) (Geschichtlichkeif). Since §74 does not come out of the blue but rather is the culmination of the entire book, I want to show next how Being and Time as a whole leads up to §74. For this purpose I shall first present the structure of Being and Time and a common feature of all of Heidegger's discussions of the different existentials in Division One, and then discuss the issues of death, conscience, and the temporality of the existentials in Division Two before returning, in the next section, to §74 for a summary of my interpretation of its decisive sentences. In the last two sections, I shall present as confirmations of my interpretation the career of the concept of historicality after Being and Time and an example of Heidegger's usage of his concept of death from Being and Time after Hitler's "seizure of power."5 The Drama of Historicality in §74 of Being and Time A severe shortcoming of most, if notali, of the literature on the question of the political aspects of Being and Time, in my view, is that not only Heidegger's defenders but also his critics limit their analysis to Being and Time, without comparing it with contemporaneous texts. In the first decades of the twentieth century, there were in Germany three major political trends, namely, liberals, leftists, and rightists. Liberals and leftists shared the idea of progress according to which the development of the capitalist economy would liberate the humans from the confinements of pre-capitalist societies. They differed in that liberals claimed that capitalism and parliamentary democracy was the end of history while leftists did not think so. Social democrats agreed regarding parliamentary democracy but held that the capitalist economy had to be completed by the institutions of social welfare. Communists, on the contrary, anticipated a revolution through which capitalism would be replaced with a socialist or communist society. While for liberals and leftists universal reason or the forces of production ruled human history, for rightists God, providence (Vorsehung), and destiny (Geschick) or fate (Schicksal) did so, and they saw an antagonism between society and community. Rightists regarded universal reason as a mere cover for egotism and as a leveling force that suppressed individual or regional differences and "positive" emotions. Society was nothing but the contractual and "artificial" product of individuals as persons, concerned only about their egoistic advantages and treating everything and everyone else as mere means. By contrast, community preceded individuals and enabled them to develop and entertain commitment, trust, love, etc. toward the community and its members. In addition, the equality proclaimed by Enlightenment, liberalism, and leftism ignored the essential features of human life, namely, hierarchy and authority. In the view of rightists, society destroyed community, and social democracy and communism were merely intensifications of the egotism and ungodliness of liberalism, a downward plunge that would end in chaos and anarchy. …


Representation of image content is an important part of image annotation and retrieval, which has become a hot topic in computer vision recently. In order to represent image content more efficiently and accurately, grid based methods such as bag-of-words, were proposed and attracted more attention. However, how to segment images and which scale is the best one are still open problems. In this paper, we segment images into grids in several different scales and extract low-level features from every grid, then visual words are constructed by clustering. Through comparing and analyzing the experiment results based on Corel SK, we study the influence of multi-scale segmentation on representation of image content. Our research is helpful for choosing appropriate scales in different situations where image contents are represented, and meaningful to image classification and retrieval.


Objective: The Society for Vascular SurgeryWound, Ischemia, foot Infection (WIfI) system aims to stratify threatened limbs according to their anticipated natural history and estimate the likelihood of benefit from revascularization, but whether it accurately stratifies outcomes in limbs undergoing aggressive treatment for limb salvage is unknown. We investigated whether the WIfI stage correlated with the intensity of limb treatment required and patient-centered outcomes. Methods: We stratified limbs from a prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients referred to a limb preservation center according to WIfI stage (October 2013-May 2015). Comorbidities, multimodal limb treatment, including foot operations and revascularization, and patient-centered outcomes (wound healing, limb salvage, amputation-free survival, maintenance of ambulatory and independent living status, and mortality) were compared among WIfI stages. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of wound healing and limb salvage. Results: We identified 280 threatened limbs encompassing all WIfI stages in 257 consecutive patients: stage 1, 48 (17%); stage 2, 67 (24%); stage 3, 64 (23%); stage 4, 83 (30%); and stage 5 (unsalvageable), 18 (6%). Operative foot débridement, minor amputation, and use of revascularization increased with increasing WIfI stage (P # .04). Revascularization was performed in 106 limbs (39%), with equal use of open and endovascular procedures. Over a median follow-up of 209 days (interquartile range, 95, 340) days, 1-year Kaplan-Meier wound healing cumulative incidence was 71%, and the proportion with complete wound healing decreased with increasing WIfI stage. Major amputation was required in 26 stage 1 to 4 limbs (10%). Increasing WIfI stage was associated with decreased 1-year Kaplan-Meier limb salvage (stage 1: 96%, stage 2: 84%, stage 3: 90%, and stage 4: 78%; P 1⁄4 .003) and amputation-free survival (P 1⁄4 .006). Stage 4 WIfI independently predicted amputation (hazard ratio, 12; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-94). Amputation rates in patients with severe Ischemia grade 3 were lower in those who underwent revascularization than in those who did not (14% vs 41%; P 1⁄4 .01) Ambulatory and independent living status at follow-up deteriorated significantly from baseline in stage 4 but not stage 1 to 3 patients. Mortality was not different between WIfI stages. Conclusions: In patients treated aggressively for limb salvage, WIfI stage correlated with intensity of multimodal limb treatment and with limb salvage and patient-centered outcomes at 1 year. Revascularization improved limb salvage in severe ischemia. These data support the Society for Vascular Surgery WIfI system as a powerful tool to risk-stratify patients with threatened limbs and guide treatment. (J Vasc Surg 2017;-:1-11.) Lower extremity neuroischemic wounds are increasing in prevalence, but the natural history of these patients remains poorly understood. Existing classification systems have been narrowly focused on limb ischemia, the extent of diabetic foot ulceration, or the presence the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of ia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; the Division of Vascular ndovascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, and Center utcomes Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, ester; and the University of Massachusetts Medical School, ester. conflict of interest: none. ted at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the New England Society for lar Surgery, Stowe, Vt, September 23-25, 2016. nal material for this article may be found online at www.jvascsurg.org. of infection. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) Lower Extremity Guidelines Committee therefore recently proposed an integrated Lower Extremity Classification System for the Threatened Limb based on three major determinants of limb threat: wound severity, Correspondence: William P. Robinson, MD, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800679, 1215 Lee St, UH, Charlottesville, VA 22908 (e-mail: email@example.com). The editors and reviewers of this article have no relevant financial relationships to disclose per the JVS policy that requires reviewers to decline review of any manuscript for which they may have a conflict of interest. 0741-5214 Copyright 2017 by the Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.01.063


The traditional functional responses in predator-prey models do not explicitly include the effects of prey toxin. And optimal foraging theory mainly considers maximizing energy intake from prey, while prey toxicity is omitted from the strategy. However, a lot of evidence indicates that prey toxins set an upper limit on the predator's predation, therefore it should also be an important factor deciding predator's foraging preference. Our paper mainly studies a predator-prey model under the interaction of toxicity and optimal foraging strategy. The system contains one predator population and two prey species, while assuming that one prey species contains toxin. It is also assumed that there exists interspecies competition between two preys. Theoretical and numerical analysis both show that toxin-induced functional response and optimal foraging strategy have complex interactions on the dynamics of the system.


This article describes the morphological analysis of a standard Arabic natural language processing, as a part of an electronic dictionary-constricting phase. A fully 3-lettered inflected verbs model are formalized based on a linguistic classification, using NOOJ platform, the classification gives certain representative verbs that will considered as lemmas, this verbs form our dictionary entries, they are also conjugated according to our inflection paradigm relying on certain specific morphological properties. This dictionary will be considered as an Arabic resource, which will help NLP applications and NOOJ platform to analyse sophisticated Arabic corpora.


The authors present theoretical considerations and laboratory experimental results of an electrostatic system designed to suppress tank emissions at their source, i.e. at the surface of the tanks. It is found that tank emissions in the form of a mist are substantially reduced by being repelled back into the tank. The reductions measured in terms of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, sulphuric acid, and arsenic were all on the order of 50%, except for the iron and sulphuric acid data which show approximately a 20% reduction for the sulphuric acid, 60% for the iron when spraying charged water.<<ETX>>


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that the system is surely useful to apply.


The objective of this study is to investigate the optimum conditions of extracting collagen without chrome ion from the leather waste. The effect of temperature, pH, and the concentration of alkaline solution on the collagen extraction has been studied. The result indicated that the incipient denatured temperature of collagen measured by viscosity was 25℃ and the complete denatured temperature was 31.5℃. The optimum solubilization condition for temperature Ivas between 15℃ and 20℃, pH was 1.5, the concentration of alkaline solution was 3% of sodium hydroxide. The almost complete chrome ion separation was possible around the pH of 1.5. The separation efficiency of chrome ion from tannery waste was more than 99.5%. Extraction efficiency of crude protein from leather waste was about 89.5%. The hydroxyproline and collagen content in the extracted crude protein were 8.53% and 63.62%, respectively.


Recent s t u d i e s suggest t h a t b e t a adrenoreceptor drugs have t h e p o t e n t i a l t o reduce i n f a r c t s i z e a s well a s a c t i n g a s antidysrhythmic agents i n pos t myocardial i n f a r c t i o n . (Norr is e t a 1 1978; Yusef e t a1 1980). I n these emergency s i t u a t i o n s induct ion of b e t a blockade w i l l r equi re intravenous medication i n order t o achieve rap id onset of act ion. Reports i n normal volunteers suggest t h a t e f f e c t i v e b e t a blockade is a t t a i n e d i n man with metoprolol plasma concentrat ions of 50-100ng ml-,l (Jennings e t a1 1981). This s tudy was undertaken t o evaluate t h e pharmacok i n e t i c s of metoprolol a f t e r intravenous dosing i n p a t i e n t s with card iac d isease , i n order t o design a dose regimen f o r t h e rap id at ta inment and maintenance of b e t a blockade i n t h e pos t i n f a r c t i o n p a t i e n t . The k i n e t i c s were determined a f t e r 5mg and 10mg bolus doses i n 5 and 3 p a t i e n t s respec t ive ly and a f t e r a O.O25mg kg h infus ion and a O.O5mg kglh 'knfusion i n 5 and 4 p a t i e n t s respec t ive ly . Plasma concentrat ions were determined a t s u i t a b l e times us ing a G.C. method based on t h a t o f Ervick (1976). d i s p o s i t i o n parameters obtained a f t e r d a t a a n a l y s i s us ing standard methods a r e given i n Table 1. Based on t h e s e r e s u l t s a regimen of a bolus dose of 5mg with simultaneous commencement of an infus ion of .05mg kglhdpplus a second bolus dose a t 15min of 5mg was proposed. This regimen was inves t iga ted i n s i x p a t i e n t s . The regimen attfiined a concentrat ion of 80218ng m l 1 a f t e r 30 min, 50fl4ng ml ' a f t e r 2h, 63519ng ml-' a f t e r 4h and 57+18ng ml-1 a f t e r 6h. t h e regimen is , t h e r e f o r e , recommended f o r t h e use of metoprolol i n prophylact ic t reatment of pos t myocardial i n f a r c t i o n .


Virtual Operating is a mode of operation which makes enterprises well adapt to the economic atmosphere of globalization, networking and financial crisis. This paper discussed the typical case of virtual operation strategy through a case from Taiwan semiconductor manufacturer and then built an IFOT model by induction with specific examples. Through this model, this paper focused on empirical research based on TSMC.


Abstract Aim: We aim to establish the genotype and haplotype frequencies of folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS rs10106 and rs1544105) and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH rs3758149 and rs11545078) variants in the South Indian population (SI) and to study the association of these variants with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also aim to compare the genotype and haplotype frequencies of studied variants with those of superpopulations from the 1000 Genomes Project collected in phase-3 and other published studies in the literature. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 unrelated healthy volunteers and 151 patients with ALL of both sexes were recruited for the study. Extracted DNA was subjected to genotyping by allelic discrimination using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. Genotype details of the studied variants in other ethnicities were obtained from 1000 genomes project Phase 3 data. Haploview software was used to construct haplotypes. Results:: In our study, the frequencies of FPGS rs1006'G' and rs1544105'A' alleles were found to be 37% and 37.2%, respectively, and the frequencies of GGH rs3758149'T' and GGH rs11545078'T' alleles were found to be 29.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Among the studied variants, FPGS rs1544105'AA' genotype carriers were found to be susceptible to the risk of ALL (odds ratio: 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–4.07; P = 0.02). Haplotype structures of FPGS and GGH variants in SI population were significantly different from other ethnicities (P < 0.05), except the South Asian superpopulation. Conclusion: FPGS rs1544105'AA' genotype was found to influence the risk for ALL. Intra and interethnic differences exist in the distribution of studied variants. Therefore, the impact of each variant on the susceptibility and outcome of diseases may differ between populations.


Economy of Song Dynasty was relatively developed. The political environment was relatively stable, and literati could go to the official career by reading. Social reading atmosphere was good and a large number of outstanding writers emerged, promoting the rapid development of Chinese literature. Among these people, there are a group of very dazzling women, although they have not yet entered the school to learn, but had contacted reading through family education, and some excellent women had made good results in literature. The reading of female in the Song Dynasty is of great significance in the feudal society education system.


T pitching moment coefficients in Ref. 1 are referred to an axis through the wing apex with the pitch axis through the quarter-chord point of the mean aerodynamic chord (MAC). It was the authors' intention to present the coefficients using the same reference and pitch axes at the quarterchord point of the MAC. The example wing had an aspect ratio of 8.0, a taper ratio of 0.25, a quarter-chord sweep of 30 deg., and was flying at a Mach number of 0.8. Using a new lattice idealization of the wing (since the original idealization was not recorded) defined by 5 equal chordwise divisions and 15 variable spanwise (narrower toward the tip) divisions, the new lift and corrected moment coefficients for the quarterchord MAC reference axis and pitch axis are presented in Table 1 for the nine values of reduced frequency previously considered. The calculations were based on the doublet-lattice method (DLM) of Ref. 2 as integrated into NASTRAN® and were carried out using MSC/NASTRAN; the original calculations were based on the DLM of Ref. 4 which was later developed into Ref. 5. Slight differences in the lift coefficients between the present and earlier solutions can be attributed to a different lattice idealization. If we extend Ref. 1 to permit different reference chords for reduced frequency (k = ub/V) and pitching moment coefficient


The large amount of monitoring data has posed enormous challenges to the quick response and accurate analysis of microseismic events. Compressed sensing (CS) has the advantages of low resource cost, high efficiency, and excellent data compression ratio (CR), over conventional sensing methods. However, there are still issues to be addressed for its applications: 1) the poor quality and complex signal structure significantly increased the difficulty of keeping satisfactory efficiency; 2) the systematic design of the sparse dictionary, and the measurement matrix for microseismic signal CS are still poor; and 3) the conventional recovery algorithms also require prior knowledge of signal sparsity, which is hardly possible to know or estimate in practice. Therefore, an adaptive real-time sensing method for microseismic monitoring from the perspective of systematic design was proposed in this work. We first analyzed noise and signal structure characteristics to construct an over-complete learning dictionary. Second, according to the learned dictionary, we analyzed the key performance factors of random projection through comparison between different matrices. Third, we explored the relationship between the signal sparsity and the residual energy decay during data recovery with the greedy pursuit algorithms and then presented an energy-ratio-based sparsity adaptive matching algorithm. Finally, we carried out the performance evaluation of the proposed real-time sensing method through synthetic signals and field monitoring data.


In this work, by combining the merits of model reference adaptive control, sliding mode, and fuzzy control, a novel control approach is proposed to address the stabilization and tracking problem of Lorenz chaotic system without the chattering phenomenon in the face of structured and unstructured uncertainties. In this control scheme, an adaptive fuzzy system is used to estimate the unknown function. As a result, there is no need to calculate the bound of the unknown function, and the chattering phenomenon is attenuated. One of the advantages of the proposed method is that the behavior of the close loop system is similar to that for the proposed model reference in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. As a result, the shortcoming of adaptive control in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances is compensated. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that chaotic systems have an unpredictable behavior and an extreme sensitivity to the initial conditions. The stability analysis is verified, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with the backstepping method through simulation. Numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed control approach is superior to the backstepping method already published in the literature in overcoming uncertainties.


Dental pathology is a wide field of study as it passes through several stages of diagnosis and treatment for patients. This paper aims to assist orthodontists in classifying dental occlusion and measuring the asymmetry caused by it. The system takes a 2D facial image as input and uses it to reconstruct the 3D model. As 3D models have a lower error rate in information loss, they are more accurate than 2D images. Then, it uses a deep learning model to detect 3D facial landmarks on a 2D image to measure facial asymmetry. The challenges in this approach include achieving the highest possible accuracy in the reconstruction process and detecting 3D landmarks on the 3D facial model. The used technique in reconstruction reaches up to 90% accuracy compared to photogrammetry techniques. The proposed framework is expected to be time-efficient and to achieve up to 89% accuracy in the analysis and classification.


In this thesis the proposed link between a security dilemma at the domestic-level of analysis and partition following ethnic conflict is examined in the context of the Cyprus crisis of 1974. The original framework of the argument being examined was offered by Chaim Kaufmann and is analyzed here by comparing and contrasting the history of Cyprus with the components of the framework. The thesis suggests that the framework does not adequately explain the partition in the case of Cyprus, as the history of that conflict does not reflect the components observable in the proposed linkage between the security dilemma and partition, nor does the situation fully reflect the traditional notion of a security dilemma.


Organocatalysis is going to be an art in Synthetic Green Chemistry and Synthesis manly stated to be us ed for accelerating the rate of chemical reaction with a s ub toichiometric amount of an organic compounds whi ch does not contain a metal atom [1,2]. It has developed in to a practical synthetic paradigm. The area of as a L-Proline organocatalysis has been one of the most dynamic an d r pidly growing fields in organic synthesis over the last decade, largely due to its great potential for real izing highly complex, effective , selective asymmet ric transformations and amine derivatives also used for various reactions such as asymmetric Aldol condens ation , asymmetric Michael reaction, organocatalytic H acti va on, asymmetric anti 1,2 diol, epoxide formation , transamination, Mannich reactions, asymmetric αhydroxyamination, polymerization, One pot Multi-c omponent reactions and in synthesis of some class of flavano id molecules. This review article provides update i nformation on recent reports and explains usefulness of L-Proline organocatalysis and its efficiency for this approa ch and scope. The data on the methods of synthesis, chemical reac tions, and work on this in various publications ove r the last decade are reviewed here.


Silicon which has been widely studied by virtue of its extremely high theoretical capacity and abundance, is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. However, silicon undergoes tremendous volume change during cycling, which leads to the destruction of the electrode structure, and irreversible capacity loss, the promotion of silicon materials in commercial applications is greatly hampered. In recent years, many strategies have been proposed to address these shortcomings of silicon, this paper focuses on different coatings materials, e.g., carbon-based materials, metals, oxides, conducting polymers, etc. for silicon materials. The role of different types of materials in the modification of silicon-based material encapsulation structure was reviewed to confirm the feasibility of the protective layer strategy. Finally, the future research direction of the silicon-based material coating structure design for the next-generation lithium-ion battery is summarized.


The construction of the double-track Liangshui tunnel passing through the phyllite strata of the Silurian system was risky and difficult since deformation occurred at several places and the primary support invaded the clearance.Some measures taken to address these issues included parameter adjustment,larger deformation allowance,self-drilling long anchoring,and micro-bench construction technology.This paper analyzes the features and deformation characteristics of the soft rock with high ground stress around the Liangshui tunnel.


The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is still high in some regions of Indonesia. One of the pillars that helps in overcoming diabetes mellitus is nutritional education. Because carbohydrate counting is one of the best methods in the diet plan of diabetic patients, nutritionists are responsible for disseminating this information to the patients. This study aims to describe the readiness of nutritionists in applying carbohydrate counting to nutritional consultations in terms of the description of the knowledge and attitudes of nutritionists. This was a qualitative study with narrative design which had an emphasis on narrative or interpretative. Subjectivity of the nutritionists was explored as deeply as possible through in-depth interviews. The study was conducted in March-October 2016 at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta by involving five nutritionists. The results of the research were presented in a narrative. Nutritionists' knowledge regarding carbohydrate counting was still lacking especially regarding the understanding and application of carbohydrate counting in the diet of diabetic patients. In addition, most nutritionists felt that carbohydrate counting was less important to include in nutritional consultations related to the time and energy needed in the consultation. Indonesia still needs special efforts to be better prepared to apply carbohydrate counting for diabetic patients.


The aim of our study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -174G/C (rs1800795), -572G/C (rs1800796) and -597G/A (rs1800797), and their combinations (haplotypes) in patients with CP, type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) in comparison with healthy controls. Our results indicate that different IL-6 promoter haplotypes can affect the risk for CP and DM development. However, the individual IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms do not act independently and may affect each other.


SUMMARY This study examines value differences in the U.S. and Japan among mothers of children between the ages of 3 and 8. Mothers provide information on current values, are instrumental in imparting future values to successive generations, and provide a matched sample of respondents in an important stage of the family lifecycle. American mothers generally identified self-respect and warm relationships with others as the most important value, while Japanese respondents selected fun and enjoyment in life and warm relationships with others. These findings are interpreted in the context of recent changes in Japanese society and previous research in the U.S.


The article discusses the c. 1566-1567 painting "Wine of St. Martin's Day," by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, which was acquired by the Museo Nacional del Prado in Madrid, Spain in 2009. The author describes other versions of the painting and suggests that the version at the Prado has been identified as the original. Other topics include a painting of the same subject by Bruegel in the Gonzaga Collection in Mantua, Italy, the condition and restoration of the painting, and the Tuchlein type of painting.


Background The plantar soft tissue plays a critical role in absorbing shocks and attenuating excessive stresses during walking. Plantar soft tissue property and plantar pressure are critical information for footwear design and clinical assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plantar soft tissue hardness and plantar pressure during walking. Methods 59 healthy volunteers (27 males and 32 females, aged 20 to 82) participated in this study. The plantar surface was divided into five regions: lateral rearfoot, medial rearfoot, lateral midfoot, lateral forefoot, and medial forefoot, and the plantar tissue hardness was tested using Shore durometer in each region. Average dynamic pressures in each region were analyzed for the five regions corresponding to the hardness tests. The relationship between hardness and average dynamic pressure was analyzed in each region. Results The average hardness of the plantar soft tissue in the above five regions is as follows: lateral rearfoot (34.49 ± 6.77), medial rearfoot (34.47 ± 6.64), lateral midfoot (27.95 ± 6.13), lateral forefoot (29.72 ± 5.47), and medial forefoot (28.58 ± 4.41). Differences of hardness were observed between age groups, and hardness of plantar soft tissues in forefoot regions increased with age (P < 0.05). A negative relationship was found between plantar soft tissue hardness and pressure reduction at lateral rearfoot, medial rearfoot, and lateral midfoot (P < 0.05). Conclusion The hardness of plantar soft tissues changes with age in healthy individuals, and there is a trend of increasing hardness of the plantar soft tissue with age. The plantar soft tissue hardness increases with plantar pressure.


Abstract : The magnetic field of the superconducting winding of a shielded synchronous machine is investigated, expressions for components of magnetic field strength are obtained, and the shape factor of the field of a synchronous machine with ferromagnetic and superconducting shields is determined. Graphic dependences are given for the distribution of the components of magnetic field strength along the radius for various numbers of pairs of poles, and the relationship of geometrical dimensions of a superconducting winding and shield is shown.


We report first experimental realization of an atom-light interface based on four-photon Raman interaction. We are able to couple light resonant to excited state transition and ground-state atomic coherence using a single warm atomic ensemble


Over the last 50 years a shift towards more egalitarian gender role attitudes has been observed in most modern societies, including those in East Asia. This article addresses variations in gender role attitudes among 20- to 55-year-old women and men across highly developed countries. Using comparative survey data from 24 regions the study investigates factors that explain gender role attitudes on the basis of educational attainment, family background, personal experience as working women, and cost-benefit considerations, as well as the influence of cultural climate and structural context. Results show that individuals with a higher level of educational attainment, as well as those who were themselves offspring of a working mother, had a higher propensity to support more egalitarian gender roles. Furthermore, being employed made women more prone to hold rather gender equal role attitudes. Having a child had a 'traditionalising' effect among women, but not among men. On the societal level, structural rather than cultural gender equality emerged as the more influential force toward gender role attitudes.


This paper presents the timing diagram showing the Science and Technology Program during the past 60 years.Six basiccharacteristics of national Science and Technology Program of China are analyzed in detail in terms of history and reality versus interestand collaboration.The paradox between planning science and technology and free research is simultaneously discussed.


A procedure for directly prescribing a term of arbitrary order in an alpha Z expansion of the Dirac energy of a one-electron atom is presented, and utilised to obtain higher-order corrections to the Dirac fine-structure formula. These can then be combined with terms not included in the Dirac formalism and applied, for example, to semi-empirical charge-screening parametrisations of multi-electron atoms.


In this study an infinite plane piston is considered which oscillates with finite amplitude in unbounded homogeneous fluid. To illustrate the shape of the weakly nonlinear acoustic field generated by a transient insonation, the function defined by Funch/Muller representing a damped sinusoid is used to simulate the temporal waveform of the piston vibration. The acoustic transient wave generates harmonic components as result of nonlinearities in the material properties of the fluid and in the convective term of the propagation equation. The mathematical approach is based upon the generalized Burgers equation which is a good approximation of the exact equation for the nonlinear propagation when diffraction effects are assumed negligible. The pressure amplitude of the fundamental is considered large enough to produce the second harmonic wave. Under the quasi-linear approximation, an analytical description of the fundamental and the second harmonic waves is elaborated. To simulate the spectrum of the weakly no...


Owing to their immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow (BM‐MSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs) are considered a promising tool for cell therapy. However, important issues should be considered to ensure the reproducible production of efficient and safe clinical‐grade MSCs. In particular, high expansion rate, associated with progressive senescence, was recently proposed as one of the parameters that could alter MSC functionality. In this study, we directly address the consequences of replicative senescence on BM‐MSC and ASC immunomodulatory properties. We demonstrate that MSCs produced according to GMP procedures inhibit less efficiently T‐cell, but not Natural Killer (NK)‐ and B‐cell, proliferation after reaching senescence. Senescence‐related loss‐of‐function is associated with a decreased indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity in response to inflammatory stimuli. In particular, although STAT‐1‐dependent IDO expression is transcriptionally induced at a similar level in senescent and nonsenescent MSCs, IDO protein is specifically degraded by the proteasome in senescent ASCs and BM‐MSCs, a process that could be reversed by the MG132 proteasome inhibitor. These data encourage the use of appropriate quality controls focusing on immunosuppressive mechanisms before translating clinical‐grade MSCs in the clinic. Stem Cells 2017;35:1431–1436


It is recommended that full fluoride dosage (0.25 mg/day) be given to babies that are completely breast-fed (regardless of local water fluoride content) because significant amounts are not passed in breast milk. However, if the infant drinks "some" fluoridated water how much is significant to affect the safety of exogenous fluoride dosage?
 I have not seen this question referred to in the literature. Calculations are shown in the Table.
 See table in the PDF file
 Based on these calculations, if an infants drinks approximately 8 oz per day of 1 ppm of water, no fluoride should be used.


Consequently, one of zootechnical and veterinary-sanitary standards of air quality, for restrictive measures and prevention of the spread of infectious animal diseases. The developed design of an electric ozonator operating on the basis of a corona discharge is proposed to improve the quality of the air environment in the production room. The distinctive novelty of the device is the radiator. The design of the developed radiator provides for the adjustment of the air gap between the ceramic bases and the electrodes, which ensures the adjustment of ozone performance. The advantages of the proposed design of an electric air ozonator are to ensure reliable operation by disconnecting in case of overheating and critical concentration of ozone indoors in one place due to a weather vane, ozone and temperature sensors, and a central control unit. On the basis of experimental studies, the dependence on the influence of the design parameters of the electric detonator on the change in ozone concentration was revealed. It is established that the concentration of ozone increases with increasing voltage and decreasing the distance of the discharge gap, which corresponds to the general theoretical provisions. It is revealed that for the proposed design of the electric detonator, the highest values of ozone concentration (up to 10 mg / m3) can be obtained at a voltage of 30 kV and a discharge interval of 25 mm.


Fully kinetic simulations of magnetic nozzle acceleration were conducted to investigate the axial momentum gains of ions and electrons with electrostatic and Lorentz forces. The axial momentum gains per ion and electron are directly calculated from the kinetics of charged particles, indicating that electrons in the magnetic nozzle obtain the net axial momentum by the Lorentz force, even though they are decelerated by the electrostatic force. Whereas ions are also accelerated by the electrostatic force, the axial momentum gain of electrons increases significantly with increasing magnetic field strength and becomes dominant in the magnetic nozzle. In addition, it is clearly shown that the axial momentum gain of electrons is due to the electron momentum conversion from the radial to the axial direction, resulting in a significant increase in the thrust and exhaust velocity.


SummaryMeasurements were made of xylem water potentials, stomatal apertures, shoot growth, yield and yield components in two-to four-year-old trees of Coffea arabica growing at a range of high planting densities, and in one experiment given irrigation for different periods during the year. Irrigation greatly increased lateral extension growth and node production but, as node numbers were negatively correlated with fruits per node, fruit yield was relatively little affected. In trees irrigated only once during a very dry period, lateral growth rate, node production and stomatal apertures were generally higher at around 8000 plants ha−1 than at 5000 and at even higher densities either remained constant or declined. Midday xylem water potentials were lowest, not at the times of greatest soil water deficit, but a few days after irrigation or rain showers. The relationship of water potential to plant density was variable but on days when potentials were below −16·5 bar, the highest potentials were found in the...


Data Mining is a popular knowledge discovery technique. In data mining decision trees are of the simple and powerful decision making models. One of the limitations in decision trees is towards the data source which they tackle. If data sources which are given as input to decision tree are of imbalance nature then the efficiency of decision tree drops drastically, we propose a decision tree structure which uses discrete haar wavelet transformation technique along with a filter. In this paper, we propose a novel method WT Tree based on above strategy. Extensive experiments, using C4.5 decision tree as base classifier, show that the performance measures of our method is comparable to state-of-the-art methods.


The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a competitive stochastic population-based optimization algorithm. However, the ABC algorithm does not use the social information and lacks the knowledge of the problem structure, which leads to insufficiency in both convergent speed and searching precision. Archimedean copula estimation of distribution algorithm (ACEDA) is a relatively simple, time-economic and multivariate correlated EDA. This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm based on the ABC algorithm and ACEDA called Archimedean copula estimation of distribution based on the artificial bee colony (ACABC) algorithm. The hybrid algorithm utilizes ACEDA to estimate the distribution model and then uses the information to help artificial bees to search more efficiently in the search space. Six benchmark functions are introduced to assess the performance of the ACABC algorithm on numerical function optimization. Experimental results show that the ACABC algorithm converges much faster with greater precision compared with the ABC algorithm, ACEDA and the global best (gbest)-guided ABC (GABC) algorithm in most of the experiments.


The adoption of real options analysis (ROA) by practitioners, despite being widely viewed as a superior method for valuing managerial flexibility, remains limited due to varied difficulties in its implementation. In this work, we propose an approach that utilizes cash-flow estimates from managers as key inputs and results in project value cash-flows that exactly match the arbitrarily distributed estimates. We achieve this through the introduction of an observable, but not tradable, market stochastic driver process which drives the project's cash-flow, rather than modeling the project value directly. Our framework can be used to value managerial flexibilities and obtain hedges in an easy to implement manner for a variety of real options such as entry/exit, multistage, abandonment, etc. As well, our approach to ROA provides a co-dependence between cash-flows, is consistent with financial theory, requires minimal subjective input of model parameters, and bridges the gap between theoretical ROA frameworks and practice.


Confucianism's legal thought advocated "The morals surpasses the penalty", Confucius was never to deny the necessity which the penalty, just to feel restless about the legalist school to promote the role of penalty. In this paper, the author will take two penalty development tendencies as the examples in the Han dynasty, "省刑甚罰" and "斷獄寬平" already become the trends of penalty in the Han dynasty. The development tendencies of penalty are mutual influence with the Confucianism's thought in Han Dynasty. From the central high-ranking officials to the local government, Confucianism's legal thought influences them increasingly after 宣、元. The thought of "The morals surpasses the penalty", also displays by these government officials in the judicial activity.


It is a great honor for me to introduce to you this year's Women in International Law Interest Group (WILIG) Prominent Woman in International Law honoree, Judge Gabriel Kirk McDonald.


Conventional object detection algorithms usually suffer from illumination changes and partial occlusions. In this paper, we proposed a novel detection algorithm that integrates multiple cues with adjustable weights to robustly detect objects in various illumination conditions. To further cope with partial occlusions, each cue detector is decomposed into several individual part detectors whose weights are adaptively adjusted. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.


The "Battle of Rorke's Drift" during the Anglo-Zulu War took place at the site of the recently established Swedish Lutheran Oscarsberg mission station. However, histories of that conflict have almost completely ignored important sources stemming from the Swedish Lutheran missionaries who lived there at the time. That evidence sheds significant new light on the battle and its consequences for Oscarsberg, however, this evidence is not entirely reliable.


The changes of the marine environment which are caused by natural factors and human activities greatly affect the subsea cables. Routine inspection and maintenance for subsea cables are in demand. In this paper, a subsea cable detection and tracking system is discussed which depends on the passive magnetic sensing approach. The route information of subsea cable is detected by a tri-axial electromagnetic arrays and an altimeter which are mounted in the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) symmetrically. Based on the detection result, the cable detection and inspection mission is elaborately constructed as a classic path following control problem. The line-of-sight (LOS) guidance is built based on the relative geometric relationship between the vehicle and the reference path. And the cable tracking control strategy for the AUV in three-dimensional (3D) space is proposed, in which the LOS guidance, feedback linearization technique are adopted. The feasibility of the method is proved by numerical simulation results.


Taipla curry is a southern traditional product of Thailand that is produced from fermented fish viscera and curry paste. This study applied food safety standard system in manufacturing process of one tambol one product (OTOP) ready-to-eat taipla curry in trang province. A number of three samples before and after the HACCP was implemented in process. The purpose of study was to examine the manufacturing process of ready-to-eat taipla curry with critical control points analysis and biological and chemical sanitary in food processing using HACCP in the process. Survey from the sanitary and production site, GMP, biological test results, food handler's hand and container are used as indicators. Pre-test and post–test HACCP results are measured to be compared. Two critical control point were identified by the used of CCP decision tree including mixing and cooking and drying step. The critical limit for mixing and cooking was cooking until aw decrease below 0.80 and drying at 100 oC for 4 hrs. The results showed that application of food safety management system led to a reduction in total viable count , total yeast and mold and aw of product. The product had a shelf life of 33 days at ambient temperature.


The American-designed boiling water reactor and pressurized water reactor dominate the designs currently in use and under construction worldwide. As in all energy systems, materials problems have appeared during service; these include stress-corrosion of stainless steel pipes and heat exchangers and questions regarding crack behavior in pressure vessels. To obtain the maximum potential energy from our limited uranium supplies is is essential to develop the fast breeder reactor. The materials in these reactors are subjected to higher temperatures and neutron fluxes but lower pressures than in the water reactors. The performance required of the fuel elements is more arduous in the breeder than in water reactors. Extensive materials programs are in progress in test reactors and in large test rigs to ensure that materials will be available to meet these conditions.


The extraction conditions for subcritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from the cedar fallen pine needles were studied by orthogonal experimental design. In this paper, the total flavonoids content in pine needles was determined by UV Spectrophotometry. The contrast sample was rutin and the analyzed wavelength was 360 nm. The results showed that,the sequence of the impact of various factors on the extraction was as follows: extraction temperature extraction time liquidmaterial ratio extraction pressure. The excellent levels of extraction of total flavonoids were as follows: extraction temperature 60 ℃,extraction pressure 4 MPa,extraction time 60 min,liquid-material ratio for the 3 ∶ 1. Under these extraction conditions, the extraction amount of flavonoids rose up to 6. 677 mg / g.


This work is intended to reduce emissions of dioxins and unburned gas from fluidized bed waste incinerators. Combustion of plastic pellets was conducted using a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Porous alumina was used as a bed material instead of conventional bed material (sand). First, we evaluated the effect of bed material on capture of volatile matter in the bed in a nitrogen atmosphere. Porous alumina captured volatile matter while sand did not. Feeding gas asymmetrically to enhance internal circulation of solids in the bed increased volatile capture efficiency of the porous alumina bed, whereas no improvement was found for the sand bed. Next, we performed combustion of plastic pellets by air. Emission of unburned gas was lower for the porous alumina bed than for the sand bed under a uniform gas feed condition. This is attributable to volatile matter capture by bed material that lengthens residence time of volatile matter in the combustor. However, non-uniform air feed for internal circulation was ineffective for suppressing unburned gas emissions. This may be caused by formation of an oxygen-deficient zone in the combustor. Finally, dioxin emissions were measured during PVC pellet combustion in a uniformly fluidized bed. The porous alumina bed was more effective for dioxin emission suppression than the sand bed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


In the framework of computer vision, the spatio-temporal se-gmentation procedure plays a central role. It aims at identifying in the input image, semantically meaningful features that are relevant for the problem at hand. In this paper, these features are selected to be the objects forming the scene. The objects are deened by their properties of temporal and spatial coherence through the video sequence. They provide a complete partition of the scene into its constituent components. Furthermore, the characteristics of the objects permit to track them through time. In this paper, a technique based on a discrete Kalman lter algorithm is proposed to follow the trajectory of the objects. The aim is to obtain a precise prediction of their position and motion. The accurate prediction improves both the recursive spatio-temporal segmentation and object tracking performances, enabling a high level understanding of the scene dynamics. The derived scene representation obtained nds applications in various domains. For instance, it is very well suited for dynamic scene analysis where a deep scene understanding is required. It is also very appealing in the context of second generation video coding. In this paper, objects are seen as entities which are both temporally and spatially coherent over multiple frames throughout the sequence 1, 2, 3]. In order to nd these objects, we use the algorithm proposed by Moscheni 4, 5]. This is an unsupervised technique, that robustly segments a video sequence in terms of multiple moving objects and tracks them through time. The algorithm is composed of two parts, namely, a recursive spatio-temporal segmentation method and an object tracking method. These two parts interact and mutually innuence each other. Starting from the segmentation of the previous frame, the recursive spatio-temporal segmentation aims at robustly partitioning the current frame. This is achieved in three successive steps: partition projection, region validation and constrained spatio-temporal segmentation. Through these three successive steps,


The greasing agent for leather is prepared through phosphoric esterification reaction of castor oil with P2O5, addition of H2O2 for hydrolytic hydroxylation, brine washing and neutralization, and features rich raw materials source, low cost, and good greasing effect. The biodegradation nature of leather treated with it is obviously improved.


A present study was conducted at Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli (Maharashtra) to evaluate the birth weight and body measurements viz., height at wither, body length and heart girth of Konkan Kanyal goats were 2.093±0.009 kg and 27.93±0.052, 26.65±0.045 and 25.96±0.045 cm, respectively. Significantly heaviest birth weight (2.24±0.04 kg) and body measurements viz., height at wither (28.75±0.24 cm), body length (27.45±0.22 cm) and heart girth (26.66±0.20 cm) were observed in the year 2005. The kids born in South west monsoon season was observed significantly higher in birth weight (2.2±0.02 kg) and body measurements viz., height at wither, body length and heart girth as 28.41±0.14, 27.14±0.09 and 26.30±0.11 cm, respectively. The least square means of type birth weight and body measurements viz., height at wither, body length and heart girth of single born kids were 2.15±0.01 kg, 28.17±0.07, 26.92±0.06 and 26.17±0.06 cm, respectively. The sex showed significant effect on birth weight and body measurements, the male goat was 2.15±0.01 kg heavier than the female 2.03±0.01 kg. The higher body measurements of 28.32±0.08 cm height at wither, 27.08±0.07 cm body length and 26.30±0.07 cm heart girth were found in male than the body measurements of female as 27.48±0.07 cm wither height, 26.31±0.06 cm body length and 25.63±0.05 cm heart girths, respectively. It was concluded that the significant effect of non-genetic factors on birth weight and body measurements at birth.


(2001) Lancet 358, 951. The TIME Investigators. . Trial of invasive versus medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary-artery disease (TIME): a randomised trial. . Sep 22; . : . –7 .

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 QUESTION: In older patients with at least Canadian Cardiac Society (CCS) class II angina pectoris, is an invasive strategy of left heart catheterisation followed by either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) more effective than a strategy of optimised medical treatment?

Randomised (allocation concealed*), unblinded,* controlled trial with 6 months of follow up.

{14 university and non-university hospitals}† in Switzerland.

305 patients who were ≥ 75 years of age (mean age 80 y, 56% men) with at least CCS class II angina pectoris despite treatment with ≥ 2 antianginal drugs. Exclusion criteria included acute myocardial infarction (MI) within the previous 10 days, concomitant valvular or other heart disease, predominant congestive heart failure, and life-limiting comorbid disease. 4 patients (2 …

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Abstract— In etiolated rye seedlings transferred to light the expression of chlorophyll alb binding protein mRNA varies when the seedlings are grown in a day/night cycle. The fluctuation pattern follows a circadian rhythm. Exposure of 4‐day old etiolated seedlings to continuous white light revealed two maxima within the first 24 h before the 24 h cycle period appeared. These first two maxima are also observable after a pulse of white light or after a pulse of red light. These results indicate a possible involvement of phytochrome in the endogenous regulation of the rhythm.


This time last year, ChemRxiv was launched with the goal to become the world's premier preprint server focused on the chemical sciences, and what a year it has been! This spring, the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), and the German Chemical Society (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, GDCh) joined the American Chemical Society (ACS) as co-owners. This three-society group provides experience and expertise in meeting authors' needs and is wellpositioned to provide strong governance for ChemRxiv in addition to promoting the chemical sciences around the globe. ChemRxiv has attracted more than 450 different submitting authors (who posted over 500 original preprints and more than 200 revisions) and readers from 40 different countries. These preprints are being developed into full research publications and are now appearing in top journals, including ACS Central Science, Angewandte Chemie, Chemical Science, Nature, and Science, underscoring the excellent quality of the submissions to ChemRxiv. Just as impressive are our readers' responses, with preprints read more than 500,000 times in this first year.


A novel load and damage monitoring system for fiber optic smart structues,which is mainly composed of the light resource group,the optical path system,photoelectrical sensors and the monitoring host,is designed.The principle of detection and monitoring system is illustrated and the method to judge the load and damage on this fiber optic smart structure is discussed with the experiments of loading and damaged position judgment.The intensity signals carrying the information of the specimen such as load and damaged are recorded.Conclusions obtained from the relative curves were analyzed.The experimental data and curves meet preferably to the analysis of theory.The system of monitoring and analysis is approved to be real-time,effective and reliable and the research in this paper offers a new way of further application of special optical smart structure.


As with everything, we tend to get into such habits of just saying something without really thinking about it. In the world of leading, managing, training and coaching, this can have a huge effect on the other party. The impact may be positive or unwittingly negative.


This paper discusses the correlation between young learners' writing performance and their learning styles when PowerPoint was used in teaching writing skills. This study focuses on the sensory learning styles which comprises visual, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile learning styles (perceptual learning style). Reid's (1995) 'Perceptual Learning Style Preferences' questionnaire was used to ascertain the students' learning styles and a correlation analysis between their learning styles and writing performance was run. The analysis shows that there is no statitistically significant difference between the writing performance of the young learners in computer-assisted class and the traditional class. Their learning styles did not have a significant influence on their performance.


Abstract:This article examines the censorship of Robert Louis Stevenson's "The Beach of Falesá" (1892) by Clement Shorter, editor of the Illustrated London News. In an attempt to make the story more acceptable to colonial reading audiences, Shorter omitted the fraudulent marriage certificate that allowed the British protagonist to enter into a sham marriage with an island woman. The certificate, based on documents Stevenson had observed in the South Sea islands, highlighted an opposition between European and "native" that was predicated on deliberate and premeditated fraud. Shorter's bowdlerization of the text undermined Stevenson's conception of the story and the role that shame plays within the narrative.


From an ethical standpoint, genetic testing means the right "to know". Maybe there is no more powerful strengh within a society than the power of information. The essence of genetics itself comes from the information about the individuals' genotype/fenotype and their families. As a result of the latest research there is a tremendous rise in genetic information, which open new study fields for the human subjects. Genetic testing encompasses three particular situations: 1. testing for genetic susceptibility - low benefit for the patient but high benefit for the insurance companies, industry, employers etc. 2. presimptomatic testing in children ? very sensitive issue, with regard to potential emotional and social consequences for the child (confidentiality and autonomy in decision are still debatable); 3. prenatal testing / unclear benefit - since it may interfere with familial factors but also with the responsibility for diagnosing some malformations (neural tube defect) or genetic syndromes (eg. Down). Talking about genetic screening from a rights perspective involve an ethical and legal requirement. One cannot perform an ethical breakdown of this subject without taking into account the principlism theory: respect for autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence and justice.


The population of Liposcelis entomophila in stored wheat in horizontal storage during temperature ascending was monitored in two ways of hand sieve sampled wheat and probe trapping.The results indicated that the number of psocids increased with grain temperature moving up.The number of the adults and nymphae of psocids at the surface of the stored wheat was as many as that at the inner of stored wheat when the temperature was 15 ℃,the number of the psocids at the surface of the stored wheat would exceed the psocids number at the inner when the temperature exceed 20 ℃.Checking once a week by probe trap can get similar monitored results to hand sieve sampled wheat.There was a correlative,y = 1.0441x+1.0147,R~2=0.9186,between two monitoring methods for Liposcelis entomophila under the field condition.


Morphological and allozyme analyses of Siberian dactylorchids have revealed the presence of a new, previously undescribed allopolyploid that is described here as species new to science. The genetic constitution as revealed by allozyme analysis of this species confirms that its parents are the diploid Siberian D. fuchsii and D. incarnata , and it is 2 n =80, representing the first such count from the Asiatic Russia. In most literature surveys of Siberia, the new species has been identified as D. baltica , which is different in the allele composition of the pgi locus. Morphologically, both allotetraploids are similar; D. sibirica is distinguishable due to the absence of spots on the leaves and a narrower lip with narrower lateral lobes. A brief summary of Dactylorhiza allopolyploids from Siberia (Russia) is presented.


Euclidean time windows in the integral representation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$ serve to test the consistency of lattice calculations and may help in tracing the origins of a potential tension between lattice and data-driven evaluations. In this paper, we present results for the intermediate time window observable computed using O($a$) improved Wilson fermions at six values of the lattice spacings below 0.1\,fm and pion masses down to the physical value. Using two different sets of improvement coefficients in the definitions of the local and conserved vector currents, we perform a detailed scaling study which results in a fully controlled extrapolation to the continuum limit without any additional treatment of the data, except for the inclusion of finite-volume corrections. To determine the latter, we use a combination of the method of Hansen and Patella and the Meyer-Lellouch-L\"uscher procedure employing the Gounaris-Sakurai parameterization for the pion form factor. We correct our results for isospin-breaking effects via the perturbative expansion of QCD+QED around the isosymmetric theory. Our result at the physical point is $a_\mu^{\mathrm{win}}=(237.30\pm0.79_{\rm stat}\pm1.22_{\rm syst})\times10^{-10}$, where the systematic error includes an estimate of the uncertainty due to the quenched charm quark in our calculation. Our result displays a tension of 3.9$\sigma$ with a recent evaluation of $a_\mu^{\mathrm{win}}$ based on the data-driven method.


A parallel operation work vehicle for enabling operation of an autonomous work vehicle (1) by a long distance operating device (112) installed in an accompanying work vehicle (100) for performing work while accompanying the autonomous work vehicle (1) in order to provide advance notice to an operator on board the accompanying work vehicle once the autonomous work vehicle running along a running path preset using a satellite positioning system has reached the edge of a cultivated field or just before a set distance position of a rotational position, or before a set time, wherein the accompanying work vehicle (100) is provided with a display (113) and a speaker (151) as notification means, the notification means is capable of communicating with the autonomous work vehicle (1) through a communication device (133), and, when a distance (L1) to the edge of the cultivated field from the autonomous work vehicle (1) approaches a set distance (L), a control device (30) transmits a signal to a control device (130) of the accompanying work vehicle (100) through the communication device and issues a warning through the notification means, and if there is an abnormality prior to the autonomous operation, the abnormal portion is displayed and autonomous operation is disallowed.


Many essential functions for life are performed by proteins and the study of their structures yields the ability to elucidate these functions in terms of a molecular view. (Creighton, 1992; Devlin, 1997) The interest in discovering a methodology for protein structure prediction (PSP) is of great interesti on many fields including drug design and carriers, disease mechanisms, and the food industry. In this context, several in vitro methods have been applied, as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Despite their relative success, both methods have their limitations. Conversely, the knowledge of the primary sequence of the amino acids of a protein can be achieved by a relatively simpler experimental measurement. From this information, one can in principle predict the three dimensional arrangement of its atoms, which has motivated the investigation of ab initio methods combining such initial knowledge with effective models (force fields) in order to predict the spatial structure of a protein (Bonneau & Baker, 2001; Hardin et al., 2002). In fact, several computational methods for PSP are semi ab initio methodologies in the sense that they also use prior knowledge from both the sequence homology and the statistics found on protein databases [see e.g. (Miyazawa & Jernigan, 1985; Poole & Ranganathan, 2006)]. However, the use of these additional information restrict the search of protein structures that could be correctly predicted from the vast universe of proteins. This chapter focuses on the development of a pure ab initio approach for PSP, not using prior information. In this context, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been investigated as a search method due to their flexibility to solve complex optimization problems. Our researches on EAs applied to PSP are twofold: 1) the investigation of more appropriate modeling of the physical and chemical interactions of a protein for the purpose of an optimization algorithm; 2) the development of computationally efficient EAs for PSP. Two important modeling issues have been poorly investigated in the literature related to the optimization techniques for PSP: a) the combined effects of the effective Hamiltonians based on force fields and the solvation free energy contribution (Section 3), and b) the use of O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .in te ch w eb .o rg


Rotary-wing aircrafts are the best-suited option in many cases for its vertical take-off and landing capacity, especially in any congested area, where a fixed-wing aircraft cannot perform. Rotor aerodynamic loading is the major reason behind helicopter vibration, therefore, determining the aerodynamic loadings are important. Coupling among aerodynamics and structural dynamics is involved in rotor blade design where the unsteady aerodynamic analysis is also imperative. In this study, a Bo 105 helicopter rotor blade is considered for computational aerodynamic analysis. A fluid-structure interaction model of the rotor blade with surrounding air is considered where the finite element model of the blade is coupled with the computational fluid dynamics model of the surrounding air. Aerodynamic coefficients, velocity profiles, and pressure profiles are analyzed from the fluid-structure interaction model. The resonance frequencies and mode shapes are also obtained by the computational method. A small-scale model of the rotor blade is manufactured, and experimental analysis of similar contemplation is conducted for the validation of the numerical results. Wind tunnel and vibration testing arrangements are used for the experimental validation of the aerodynamic and vibration characteristics by the small-scale rotor blade. The computational results show that the aerodynamic properties of the rotor blade vary with the change of angle of attack and natural frequency changes with mode number.


This report calls on member States to involve educational and cultural networks of communities living abroad in a more systematic way in the framing and implementation of policies concerning different aspects of the integration process (including educational, cultural and social integration). It also asks member States to set up national platforms, which would allow the different ministries and specialised institutions to work transversally with diaspora associations, to encourage the establishment of similar platforms at local level and to provide adequate financial support programmes to help them to professionalise their activities, develop and consolidate their networks and conduct joint initiatives.


It has been documented that human monocytes/macro‐phages are reactive with antibodies directed to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and non‐specific cross‐reacting antigens (NCAs), a group of glycoproteins antigenically cross‐reactive with CEA, yet the molecules responsible for this antigenic activity have not been fully clarified. In the present study, among 7 myelomonocytic cell lines tested, 2 monoblastoid lines, U‐937 and THP‐I, were found to express NCA‐50/90, a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol‐anchored cell‐adhesion molecule chiefly expressed on granulocytes. The 2 cell lines showed a reaction pattern with 5 distinct anti‐CEA and anti‐NCA monoclonal antibodies, similar to that of CHO transfectants expressing recombinant NCA‐50/90. Immunoprecipitation and SDS‐PAGE analyses identified glycoproteins of about 95 and 55 kDa in U‐937 and THP‐1 cells, respectively. Deglycosylation of the 2 antigens with N‐glycanase gave the same apparent molecular mass of about 45,000, which was also the same as that of the deglycosylated form of the recombinant NCA‐50/90. Upon Northern‐blot analysis, only one band of approximately 2.5 kb was detected in both cell lines with a cDNA probe for NCA‐50/ 90, which has a broad specificity to the CEA gene family members. cDNA cloning demonstrated that the 2.5‐kb clones encode the peptide of NCA‐50/90. The expression of NCA‐50/90 by U‐937 and THP‐1 was down‐regulated at both the protein and mRNA levels during cell differentiation from monoblastoid to monocyte/macrophage‐like cells induced by stimulation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. Our observations suggest that NCA‐50/90 is a differentiation antigen of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage as well as of the granulocyte lineage.