Dear Editor,

We would like to thank Dr Korgun Koral, Dr Daniel C. Bowers, and Dr Robert Timmerman for their thoughts on our publication1 and would like to take the opportunity to respond to their comments.

The main issue brought up is that of heterogeneity. Although we understand the concern expressed on this point, it is important to keep in mind that heterogeneity amongst the patient cohort would generally be expected to mask the effects of interest, rather than enhance them. For example, the lower survival in medulloblastoma patients having metastasis at presentation may be masked by including other tumor types, such as supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, where conflicting evidence exists as to whether there is a relationship between metastasis at presentation and survival. In a similar way, one would expect the relationship between survival and the apparent transient coefficient in tumor (ATCT) to be masked by cohort heterogeneity, if it is dependent on tumor type. Therefore, the fact that ATCT was significant across embryonal tumor types actually makes a stronger case for it to be considered as a measure of prognosis in addition to currently used variables.

Although different tumor subtypes have different prognoses, this does not imply that ATCT cannot be a useful indicator of longer survival across all of them. Since there was no evidence in our data to suggest that patients with one or another tumor type did not fit the general pattern, the results may be said to broadly apply in all cases. By contrast, restricting the analysis to a very homogeneous sample severely restricts the generalizability of the conclusions that can be drawn. With that said, having separately analyzed the medulloblastoma patient group, we do recommend examining the ATCT by medulloblastoma subgroups in order to examine the predictive value of the ATCT compared with histological and molecular classifications.

We also note that currently the presence of leptomeningeal metastasis and extent of tumor resection affect survival significantly, with specific treatment recommendations carried out based on these variables. In our study, both have been included and analyzed. Our results have shown ATCT to be a stronger indicator of survival than either of these 2 variables.

We acknowledge that the rising incidence of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors in young children is a factor that may contribute to the lower survival in children with embryonal brain tumors younger than 3 years of age. That said, age is a factor considered in determining treatment options for medulloblastoma patients,2 and our study showed that the difference in survival by age is also reflected in this subgroup of embryonal brain tumors.

In conclusion, far from undermining our results, cohort heterogeneity reinforces the strength of ATCT as a biomarker of survival across a range of embryonal tumor types. Nonetheless, further analysis on larger patient groups of a more homogeneous nature would aid in identifying those groups in which it would be most beneficial to incorporate ATCT as part of clinical trials and as a biomarker of survival.


To investigate the changeable patterns of microsatellite instability(MSI)in intestinal metaplasia(IM)and gastric cancer(GC)and the role of MSI in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: Silver staining single strand confornmtion polymorphism-polymeriase chain reaction(PCR-SSCP)wus used to screen MSI nmrkers at 5 loci in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of GC ( n = 30), IM ( n = 40) and corresponding normal gastric tissues. Resu/ts: The abnormal shifting of the single-strand DNA was identified in 7 (23.3%) out of GC and in 8 (20%) out of IM samples. Three ( 10 % ) tumors and one ( 2.5 % ) IM displayed high- frequency MSI ( two or more loci altered ). Low- frequencySI(one loci altered) was detected in 4( 13.3% )of the tmnors and in 7( 17.5% ) IM samples. GC with MSI was associated with distal location of the tumors but age,sex, differenl~ation, lymph nodes metastasis and TNM stage( P = 0.044).MSI was more likely detected in moderate-grade IM than in mild, grade IM tissues(34.8% versus 0; P = 0.013) ; and MSI had a tendency to be easily detected in female with IM. Conc/u,6~ : The progressive accmnulation of MSI in areas ofIM may contribute to GC development, represen~_g an importmlt molecular event in the multistep gastric ~~.


Universal criteria of regularity for autonomous automata are obtained. The results allow us to get by one common method all the known criteria of bijectivity of transformations both in binary and multivalued logics. Devices used in automatics and computers are often simulated by (n,n)-scheme which realizes some (n,n)-operator [1], i.e. the mapping from (0, l} into {0, l}. Such a mapping (or transformation) is defined by an ordered set of n Boolean functions / (z l 5 . . . , xn) = (/i(>i, . . . , zn), . . . , /n(zi, . . . , ^n))· Moreover, one of the usual conditions stated for / is its invertibility. All the invertible transformations form the symmetric group Cn [2] of degree 2. Subgroups of the group Cn often appear in the classical combinatorial problems connected with Potya enumeration theory 12-6], Furthermore, the invertible Boolean transformations and their generalizations for the case of multivalued logic are used to define the transition functions of the regular autonomous automata. Such automata are used as models for different generators of pseudorandom numbers. The problem of invertibility goes back to paper [7], where that problem was solved for the mapping GF(p) into GF(p) for n = 1. An algebraic criterion for the invertibility of transformations over GF(2) for an arbitrary n was stated in [8]. The further improvement and development of the results of paper [8] may be found in [9-11]. In the present paper we characterize regular automata with the help of a newly introduced notion of the trace of a function over a ring. The introduced characteristic is invariant over all one-to-one transformations. It allows us to get by one common method not only the known criteria of regularity stated for the binary case, but also to obtain their generalizations for the case of an arbitrary multivalued logic. A finite autonomous automaton is a quadruple Λ — (S, Υ, δ, A), where 5 is a finite set of states, Υ is an output alphabet, δ is a transition function: 5 —» 5, and λ is an output function: S —> Υ. An automaton Λ is called regular if the mapping δ is one-to-one. Let A = (S, Κ, </?, λ) be an autonomous automaton. We denote by M the set of all mappings from Ν into M. If μ G Y, Υ = {αϊ, . . . , om}, then we define the weight of the map μ as the ordered set of integers ||μ|| = (||μ||α,, · · · > IIHIO, where m IHk = K € S IM ' ) i}\· Thus Ε ||μ||α, = \S\. Throughout the present paper we t=l assume that \Y\ > 2 and |5| > 2. We denote by μ ο φ the composition of the maps φ G S and μ G Y. A function μ G Y is called a constant, if ||μ||αί = \S\ for some z G {1,2, . . . , m}. *UDC 519.716. Originally published in Diskretnaya Matema ka (1990) 2, No. 1, 26-30 (in Russian). Translated by A. E. Zhukov. 386 E. A. Primenko and E. F. Skvortsov Proposition 1. An automaton A = (S, Υ, φ, A) is regular iff for every μ G Y, μ ^ const, one of the following conditions holds: \\μ°ψ\\ = INI, (i) \\μοφ\\α = ||μ||α, 3α G F. (2) If φ is one-to-one, then \\μ ο y>||« = |{3 G 5 Ι μΜ*)) = α}| = Κ^Γ V) G 5 | μ(5') = α}| = As (2) follows from (1), we need to prove the sufficiency of condition (2). Suppose that (2) holds, but φ is not one-to-one. Then there is s0 G S such that s0 ^ <p(s) for any s G 5. Define the function μ G Y by the formula / Ν ί α, if s = s0, μ(3) ~ \ o! + a, if s φ s0. Then ||μ||α = 1, ||μο<^||α = 0. We obtain a contradiction. Thus, Proposition 1 is proved. Corollary 1. An automaton A = (5, V, φ, A) is regular iff μ ο φ ^ const for every μ G V, μ ^ const. Now let Υ = Κ be a commutative ring with identity. Then K is a module over the ring K. For M C S denote by XM the characteristic function of the set M: 1, i f s G M , O, i f s G 5 \ M . Every function μ G K has exactly one representation as the linear combination of the following form: Hence /f is the | S (-dimension module over K. Definition. The trace of a mapping (function) μ G K is the element of the ring K, defined by the formula Ίτ(μ) = Proposition 2. An automaton Λ = (5, Κ, φ, Λ) is regular iff ΊΥ(μ ο φ] = Τι-(μ) for every μ G K. The proof is the same as the proof of Proposition 1. Theorem L An automaton A = (5, Κ, φ, Λ) is regular iff the condition Τι(μ ο φ] = Ύτ(μ) holds for some basis μι, . . . , μ|5| of the module K. On tiie conditions of regularity for finite autonomous automata 387 Proof. We need to prove the sufficiency only. Let μ be an arbitrary function from \s\ K, then μ = £ cz//i and Tr(/zt ο φ) = Tr(//t·), i = 1, . . . , |5|. Thus we obtain t=l |5| |5| |5| τΓ(μ) = Σ Μ) Σ Σ wM = Σ « Σ *Φ) = Σ « ττ(μι) s£S s£S i=l t=l seS t=l |S| W = Σ * (/^' ° vO = Σ Σ wM*)) = (μ ° νθ· t=l s£S t=l The application of Proposition 2 completes the proof of the theorem. Corollary 2. An automaton A (5, Κ, φ, λ) is regular iff for some basis μι, . . . , μ\3\ of the module K the conditions » = 1,. . . , |5 | , (3) hold. Proof. The necessity follows directly from Proposition 2. The sufficiency follows from the fact that condition (3) implies the equality ΊΥ(μί) = Τι·(μ{ ο φ), ί = l, . . . , (5(. Further we put 5 = /^, where Rn is an η-dimension module over the ring K. In that case every initial state 5 G S may be considered as an η-dimension vector 5 — (αϊ, . . . , an) over the ring K, and every mapping φ: S — > 5 is then defined by the system of functions (μι, . . . , μη), μ; e #, that is the system of η functions in η variables over K. Corollary 1, reformulated for the case, gives the well-known criterion of algebraic independence of μι, . . . , μη [2]. Let x^ be the following function from K: (α )= ί 1, if :c = a, | 0, if θ G χ Φ α. Then the characteristic function xa(s) takes the form v / ς \ _ τ(ι) r(a") _ / \ Acr^j — ΈΙ · ' · n ·> σ ~ \l' · · · J n)· Thus the functions x^ ... x^\ at G ΛΓ, form the basis of the module K. Applying Theorem 1 to the module K we get Corollary 3. A transformation φ = (/l5 . . . , fn) of the module Rn over K is one-toone iff ||/α . . . fM\\! = 1 for every η-tuple ( f l l, . . . , αη), a, £ Κ, ι = 1, . . . , η. Next we have to note that x| = 1 Ε zt-, ι = 1, . . . , η, α 6 K. Therefore, a^O eliminating x\°\ i = 1, . . . , n, from all the basis functions x[^ ... x^\ we come to the system of functions {l, 4 . . . 4°}, fc = 1, . . . , n, 1 < ii < . . . < ύ < n, a, G A'\{0}, 388 E. A. Primenko and E. F. Skvortsov which is also a basis of the module K. Applying Theorem 1 and Corollary 2 to the last basis, we obtain Corollary 4. A transformation φ = (/ι, . . . , fn) of the module Rn is one-to-one iff the following conditions are satisfied:


Attention is drawn to the serious miscalculations of well-known theorists of post-industrial society, which limited to sociological and economic analysis and underestimating the role of the geographical environment. Recognizing the need to create a  "normal environment" (D. Bell), the theorists of "the society of the future", in fact, abstract from the biosphere basis of Man, from the accelerating transformation of the age-old biogeochemical cycle of substances on the planet and dangerous damage to the "film of life". This position is associated by the authors with geographical nihilism. They are convinced that the recognition of such main source of modern progress as knowledge, which can change the world around us, is not a reason to articulate future society in isolation from the natural world. No "post-economic society" can function without extractive industries, agricultural sector, natural recreation areas, etc. It is emphasized that the idea of a "non-natural society" is promoted by well-known authors without taking into account at least half of humanity, where poverty, disease, hunger and malnutrition continue to tear society "at the seams" and where the "golden billion" draws raw materials. It is concluded that the creation of a "knowledge society" in Russia is unthinkable without the use of abundant natural resources necessary for the multi-cost replacement of the main part of the production funds and the accumulation of budgetary funds.


In this study, a model that detects and classifies unwanted objects such as tobacco products, alcoholic beverages and weapons was developed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which is a deep learning methods and transfer learning. This model was converted to Tensorflow JS and developed as an add-on for an Internet Browser. With this add-on, snapshots were taken from the watched videos and classifications were made using the trained model. The results that are deemed necessary in the classification of the videos were recorded to Firebase's RealTimeDatabase, a cloud service provided by Google. By using the recorded database, videos that had previously been detected with harmful content were blocked. The last 25 of the definitions made from the browser can be viewed by the user for informational purposes. In this study, snapshots from watched videos were taken and classified with the model. If necessary, information about the video can be added to the database, and videos saved in the database can be filtered. The developed system has been tested through both physical devices and emulator. Two ways have been adopted in creating the network structure of the model developed with CNN. First, the entire network model is the one that is created by us. In this model, the number of parameters was 7,752,707 and the accuracy of 84.84% training and 79.77% testing was achieved. Second, MobileNetV2, which is one of the models whose success has been proven in the literature, was preferred using the transfer learning method. With 593,155 trainable parameters and 2,852,675 parameters in total, 65.34% training and 50.35% test accuracy was achieved in this model with output layers arranged. As a result of the study, it was found that the CNN model would be more efficient in filtering video content.


3028 Background: AT13387 is a second-generation potent, novel non-ansamycin HSP90 inhibitor (IC50 0.71 nM). AT13387 has good tissue distribution, long tumor t1/2 resulting in extended knockdown of client proteins in cells and animal models of gastric, prostate and melanoma. Methods: AT13387 was administered as a 1-hr IV infusion twice weekly on Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15 and 18 (Part A) and then subsequently, weekly on Days 1, 8 and 15 (Part B) of a 28-day cycle in a standard 3+3 dose-escalation design. The primary endpoint was to determine the MTD; secondary endpoints included PK, PD, safety and tolerability. Results: As of 1 Dec 2011, 53 patients received 1–12 cycles of AT13387 (median 2). In Part A, AT13387 was evaluated at 5 doses (10, 20, 40, 80, 120 mg/m2). In Part B, 4 additional doses (150, 220, 260 and 310 mg/m2) were explored. Common treatment related toxicities (≥ 10%) included transient and reversible GI disturbance (vomiting, nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, abdominal pain), fatigue, local infusion sit...


Introduction: Non-specific immunoglobulin preparations (Ig) are blood products with a high economic impact and with a limited supply, which demand has increased substantially.

Objective: To assess the usage of Ig according to the available clinical evidence in a tertiary hospital.

Method: A retrospective observational study over a period of six months (January-June 2014), which included all the adult outpatients who received Ig.The variables included were age, sex, indication and clinical service. Using as a reference the Clinical Guidelines for immunoglobulin Use (Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy), the prescribed indications were categorized based on the available evidence.

— Group A: Indications not listed on the product information label, though with a use based on consistent scientific evidence.
— Group B: Indications with limited clinical evidence.
— Group C: Not recommended indications.

Results: 87 patients were included (60.9% males) whose median age was 59 years (19-91). 46 patients (52.9%) received Ig for indications listed on the product information label, and 41 (47.1%) for non-approved indications. Of the 41 off-label treatments, 29 corresponded to Group A (70.74%), 6 to B (14.63%) and 6 to C (14.63%). The Clinical Services involved were: Neurology (37 pacients), Hematology (18), Pneumology (14), Internal Medicine (10), Rheumatology (5), Immunodeficiency (2) and Digestive (1). All the patients of the B and C categories corresponded to Neurology.

Conclusions: Approximately half of the indications in which Ig was used were not listed on the product information label. 29% of patients received Ig for indications with limited evidence of use or even not recommended. It is necessary to ensure an Ig prescription consistent with the available evidence, prioritizing its
indications and applying criteria of selection and efficacy for optimizing its use


The need exists to develop a systematic approach to inventory and monitor global forests, both for carbon stock
evaluation and for land use change analysis. The use of freely available satellite-based data for carbon stock estimation
mitigates both the cost and the spatial limitations of field-based techniques. Spaceborne lidar data have been
demonstrated as useful for forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation over a wide range of biomass values and forest
types. However, the application of these data is limited because of their spatially discrete nature. Spaceborne
multispectral sensors have been used extensively to estimate AGB, but these methods have been demonstrated as
inappropriate for forest structure characterization in high-biomass mature forests. This study uses an integration of
ICESat Geospatial Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) lidar and HJ-1 satellites data to develop methods to estimate AGB in
an area of Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. Considering the study area belongs to mountainous terrain, the
difficulties of this article are how to extract canopy height from GLAS waveform metrics. Combining with HJ-1 data and
ground survey data of the study area, we establish forest biomass estimation model for the GLAS data based on BP
neural network model. In order to estimate AGB, the training sample data includes the canopy height extracted from
GLAS, LAI, vegetation coverage and several kinds of vegetation indices from HJ-1 data. The results of forest
aboveground biomass are very close to the fields measured results, and are consistent with land cover data in the spatial
distribution.


Continuing interest in higher Music education in the UK from the international market has led to increased recruitment of students from China and Hong Kong; however, academic scholarship focusing on this pedagogical context has not grown as swiftly as student numbers. This qualitative study contributes to literature investigating the complexities of higher Music education as perceived by students from China and Hong Kong undertaking one-year taught Music MA programmes at a UK university. Semi-structured interviews with nine international postgraduate students revealed information about their previous studies in China and Hong Kong, their choice of UK programme, family support, future plans and views on academic and performance study in the different countries. Students discussed the challenges of UK study relating to language skills, critical thinking and the peer group, but also identified expansion of repertoire, individuality in performance, access to a wide range of resources, facilities and opportunities, and the supervisor relationship as positive learning experiences. Findings relating to informed independent thinking, academic and performance teaching, authenticity and agency, and pedagogical potential are of relevance to educators.


Center manifold theory presented an approach that the order of a system can be reduced. This paper investigates the basic characteristic of a new chaotic system by the approach. A flow equation on the center manifold is obtained and the pitchfork bifurcation is analyzed for the new chaotic system. An analog electronic circuit is designed to implement the new system, so the chaotic attractor are verified. We explain the significant distinction of application due to different frequencies used in numerical simulation and circuit implementation. Finally, the synchronization of the new chaotic system is realized by using the single variable coupling feedback, and the circuit of synchronization is presented.


The paper presents the results of the researches carried out for obtaining multifunctional textile materials with multiple
effects, by means of superior finishing techniques, using functional chemicals in the form of aqueous dispersions. It has
been studied the possibility of combining treatment with dispersions with photocatalytic and antibacterial effects with a
hydrophobic/oleophobic treatment that simultaneously provides both sustainable photocatalytic and antibacterial effect
as well as hydrophobic/oleophobic effect within satisfactory limits for all these effects. The results of the laboratory
evaluations performed on 50% cotton and 50% functionalised HT polyamide textile fabrics showed that
hydrophobization treatment with fluoropolymer dispersions can be combined with the treatment with titanium dioxide
photocalatytic dispersions or silver chloride and titanium dioxide dispersions to obtain multiple photocatalytic,
antibacterial and hydrophobic/ oleophobic effects without diminishing the functionalization effects that would have been
achieved by individual treatments


[Objective]The aim was to study the natural attenuation of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater.[Method]Taking loess,silty clay,fine sand and silt as mediums in simulated aquifer,sealing immersion experiment was carried out to study the natural attenuation process of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater.[Result]Both chemical reduction and biological denitrification played important roles in the decrease of total nitrate nitrogen content,especially chemical reduction;under original ecological environment(without any chemical reagent),the decreasing rate of total nitrate nitrogen content was only 25.70%-39.90%,namely groundwater had poor self-purification capacity,and it resulted to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen;when chemical reduction was strengthened,the decreasing rate of total nitrate nitrogen content was over 2 times of that under original ecological environment.[Conclusion]The study could provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the control of nitrogen pollution in groundwater.


We report recent results of photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) for photoionization (PI) of atomic and molecular targets, resolved in the time domain at the attosecond scale, combining electron-ion coincidence momentum spectroscopy and the RABBITT scheme. We propose a unified formalism synthetizing the PAD(θ, τ) results in terms of a reduced set of coefficients.


siderable political space in which social movements like the MST can maneuver. As they engage in grassroots organization and massive local and national mobilizations, the MST and social movements elsewhere have challenged the patterns of policymaking in Brazil and many other Latin American countries. Their growth and militancy have generated a whole new repertoire of actions that include national mobilizations so massive that they can topple governments—as in Bolivia—or force them to change their policies. They have left the traditional parties far behind as they forge new political horizons and create a non-authoritarian, participatory political culture. Such movements are using existing political space to maxiREPORT ON SOCIAL MOVEMENTS


We demonstrate the features of the generation of Raman solitons in germanosilicate fibers in the wavelength range up to 2.5 µm pumped by ultrashort pulses at a wavelength of 1.9 µm.


Through introducing the land protection law,the law of food subsidies,food reserves of the United States,we analyze the experience of food security in U.S.and find the legal systems suitable for the situation of China.The paper is mainly to discuss the farmland protection and the food subsidy policies and the protection of national food reserves to perfect the China's legal system of food security and to provide protection for the stable food security.


【Abstract】 Aiming at the deficiency of the existing local repair technology, this paper proposes a new local repair scheme based on link failure. It is on the basis of AODV local repair and concerns about status of nodes. Link failures are classified and different methods are adopted for different link failures. Simulation result indicates that the improved technology can promote network performance by reducing route setup time and control packets.


Research: Science and Education Transition-metal complexes form a crucial part of lecture courses on coordination, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry. The bonding situation in these compounds is often described by either crystal or ligand field theory (1). Since transition metals generally have partly filled or empty d orbit als, these orbitals are usually assumed to be involved in the formation of bonds between the metal atom and the ligands; in almost every textbook, the omnipresent set of the real-valued d orbitals, dxy, dyz, dxz, dx 2 −y 2 , and dz2, is used, which is obtained by one particular linear combination of the complex canonical solutions of the Schrodinger equation for the H atom (2). From this exclusive use, students might think that this is the only existing set. Nevertheless, this is clearly not the case, since every appropriate linear combination of the canonical orbitals (or of the standard dxy, dyz, dxz, dx 2− y 2 , and dz2 orbitals) also represents a valid set and could be used instead (3). For instance, it has been shown by Powell (4) and others (5–9) that a set of five equivalent real-valued d orbitals can be constructed that have the same shape and only differ in their orientation along the slant edges of a pentagonal pyramid. For didactic reasons, the presentation of these equivalent orbitals during a lecture could help students to accept the degeneracy of the standard textbook d orbitals despite their different appearance. In a similar fashion, bonding considerations for octahedral complexes afford two sets of degenerate t2g (dxy, dyz, dxz) and eg orbitals (dx 2 − y 2 , and dz2), whereby the latter often confuse students because of their totally different shape. The reader should be reminded that the interpretation of one-electron wavefunctions (orbitals) in the context of chemical bonding is a frequently discussed topic in this Journal (10–14). It is the aim of this article to present a new set of d orbitals featuring equivalent eg orbitals, which might be intuitively more appropriate for the discussion of the bonding situation in transition-metal complexes, for example, by means of ligand field theory. The Canonical Set


1. Introduction (David G. Collings and Geoffrey Wood) Section 1: The Context of HRM 2. HRM in Changing Organizational Contexts (Phil Johnson) 3. Strategic HRM: A Critical Review (Jaap Paauwe and Corine Boon) 4. HRM and Organizational Performance (Stephen Wood) 5. HRM: An Ethical Perspective (Mick Fryer) 6. Organizational Outsourcing and the Implications for HRM (Richard Haines) 7. The Socio-Cultural Aspects of Knowledge Management and the Links to HRM: A Critical Perspective (Donald Hislop) 8. HRM in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) (Tony Dundon and Adrian Wilkinson) Section 2: The Practice of HRM 9. Recruitment and Selection (Rosalind Searle) 10. HR Planning: Institutions, Strategy, Tools and Techniques (Zsuzsa Kispal-Vitai and Geoffrey Wood) 11. Performance Management (Anthony McDonnell and Patrick Gunnigle) 12. Reward Management (Suzanne Richbell and Geoffrey Wood) 13. Human Resource Development (Irena Grugulis) 14. Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management (Gilton Klerck) Section 3: The International Context of HRM 15. Human Resource Management in Emerging Markets (Frank M. Horwitz and Kamel Mellahi) 16. Comparative HRM: The Debates and the Evidence (Chris Brewster and Wolfgang Mayrhofer) 17. International Human Resource Management (David G. Collings, Hugh Scullion and Deirdre Curran)


Simple Summary The Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus, is the smallest living mammal on Earth. Its minute size (most adults weigh 1.8–3 g with a body length of 35–48 mm) makes it extremely difficult to catch in small mammal traps. The French scientist Dr Roger Fons (1946–2016) developed a particular trapping method which allowed him to assemble the largest collection of S. etruscus in the world. We had the unique opportunity of studying, for the first time, the helminth community of a total of 166 individuals of the Etruscan shrew. We found six cestode species, specifically, two extraintestinal larvae, and four intestinal adult tapeworms, as well as one adult nematode species in the stomach and several nematode larvae. Neither trematode nor acanthocephalan species were detected. Approximately 50% of the individuals harbored tapeworms presenting a two-host life cycle with arthropods as intermediate hosts, a fact that is consistent with its insectivorous diet. The adult helminth community found is highly specific of this shrew whose numerous physiological adaptations due to its small size have probably influenced its helminth spectrum as well as its helminth specificity. Abstract Suncus etruscus is the smallest living mammal on Earth by mass. Most adults weigh 1.8–3 g with a body length of 35–48 mm. Catching it in small mammal traps in nature is extremely difficult due to its minute size, and therefore special trapping methods must be used. We had the unique opportunity of studying, for the first time, the helminth parasites of 166 individuals of S. etruscus, part of the largest collection in the world, which belonged to the French scientist Dr Roger Fons (1942–2016). A total of 150 individuals were captured in the Banyuls-Cerbère area (France) and 16 in the island of Corsica (France). We found seven helminth species, specifically, the cestodes Joyeuxiella pasqualei larvae, Mesocestoides sp. larvae, Staphylocystis claudevaucheri, S. banyulsensis, S. cerberensis, and Pseudhymenolepis sp., and the nematodes Aonchotheca sp. and Nematoda gen. sp. larvae. Neither trematodes nor acanthocephalans were detected. We provide prevalences, infracommunity compositions, and helminth associations. The adult helminth community of S. etruscus seems to be highly specific, i.e., oioxenous, and linked to its insectivore diet. Due to its small size, S. etruscus has undergone numerous physiological adaptations that have probably influenced its helminth spectrum as well as its helminth specificity.


Valve comprising a tubular body (1) cylindrical which opening can be closed by a shutter (2) as disc integral in rotation a shaft (3), extending offset relative to the plane of the shutter (2) and parallel to this plane, via an integral core (5) with the shutter (2), wherein the outer surface of the section of shaft (3) extending between the body (1) and the core (5 ), it is provided with a sleeve (7) of corrosion protection, and provides a first sealing gasket (9) between the body (1) and the sleeve (7) and a second sealing gasket (10) between the shutter (2) and the sleeve (7), characterized in that the sleeve (7) has a peripheral groove (13) between a first housing for the first gasket (9) and a second housing for the second gasket (10), more near the second housing of the first, and for receiving an elastic cord seal ica (14) on the actually establecetope outermost part of the core (5).


Letter to the Editor-in-Chief of JOSPT as follows: Letter regarding "Body Fat and Its Relationship to Tibial Nerve Conduction Velocity in a Specific Population" J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1988;10(5):155. doi:10.2519/jospt.1922.214.171.124


Three types of loading modes are designed in which a high pore water pressure is applied;and creep tests are performed respectively to study the influence of pore water pressure on creep properties of rock.Firstly,with the normal marble samples,the triaxial tests in the three loading modes are performed to get the axial and lateral creep deformation curves as well as the failure patterns of the rock samples.Then the analyses and comparisons of the test results of axial,lateral,shear and volumetric strains as well as failure patterns are performed.Finally,based on the analysis and comparisons,the influence of high pore water pressure on the creep and failure of rock is analyzed.The research shows that the effects of the pore water pressure on creep of rock are obvious with the influential coefficient of pore water pressure less than 1,but approaching to 1.Under the action of high pore water pressure,the strength,strain and the time of creep to failure are lessened greatly.Though the samples are all in shearing failure,the failure under high pore water pressure is more sudden.There might be no definite equivalent strain under which the tertiary stage of creeps under different loading conditions begin to occur.And the pore water pressure has no effect on the volumetric strain before failure occurs.The results can be applied to guide the establishment of the nonlinear creep constitutive model of rock under high pore water pressure.And it is also useful for guiding the design and construction of rock structures under high pore water pressure.


Methods to dynamically adjust airspace in response to changing weather/traffic conditions are presently being actively researched. This includes the application of various sector boundary optimization techniques; although they show promise, they present many challenges as well. In this paper these challenges will be discussed in detail. Additionally, in order to overcome these challenges, a new method for dynamic airspace configuration is presented: Dynamic FPAs. Using the fix posting area (FPA), a key building block of today's airspace, we expand this concept and develop a method for controlled, incremental dynamic adjustments of sector boundaries that maintains workload (i.e., sector occupancy counts as percentage of MAP value) within specified limits. This method works well in 3D space and allows for both boundary adjustments and sector combinations where justified. It may also support many of the proposed Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) airspace design concepts and classes. It is envisioned that this method can serve as a bridge between current and future NAS airspace design concepts.


People are increasingly using advanced communication technologies such as videoconferencing to collaborate across geographical boundaries and time zones. This paper presents problems because cultural values, attitudes and behaviours influences how a given group of people perceives, understands, communicates and interprets information and knowledge. This explores how various factors including technology and cultural differences of participants affect their perceptions of the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication in videoconferences. This identifies factors that most influence the effectiveness of cross-cultural video-mediated communication.


The objective of this study was to quantify head impact frequency in youth American football players, ages 9-13. Kinematic data from head impacts were collected from 25 players on two teams (11.7 ± 1.2 years) using a helmet-mounted accelerometer system. A total of 4432 head impacts were recorded, including 1800 during 265 practice sessions and 2632 during 175 game sessions. Most peak linear acceleration magnitudes were less than 20 g in practices (60%) and games (55%). For impacts greater than or equal to 60 g, players sustained 122% more in games than practices. Both teams played in leagues that limited full-contact practice time, which likely contributed to lower impact frequencies in practices. Interventions to further reduce head impact frequency in youth football should include measures which affect in-game exposure.


Abstract In tetracoordinate cobalt(I) halide compounds CoX(Ph2P⌒O H)(PMe3)2 (X = CI, Br) o-phos-phanylphenols PhaP⌒OH are coordinated as phosphane ligands. In the presence of base chelat ing anions Ph2P⌒O- give rise to pentacoordinate com plexes Co(Ph2P⌒O)(PMe3)3. Molecular structures are presented for both types of compounds. The five-membered chelate ring in Co(Ph2P⌒O)(PMe3)3 is resistant to protonation, and ring-opening is not observed in the presence of CO or C2H4. Replacing one of the trimethylphosphanes by one of the π-acceptor ligands affords fluxional complex molecules which upon cooling attain definite ground-state geometries out of a multitude of possible isomers.


The educational preparation of safety pre-professionals has concerned for safety educators for many years. A major concern relates to the debate surrounding safety program content as well as student outcomes/competencies. While there is a rich literature that convincingly argues the many sides of this issue, there is little to no research related to the process of safety program curriculum delivery. At the present time, definitive evidence cannot be provided allowing one to generalize about curriculum delivery methods used by safety educators; however, one can postulate that the process used to educate safety students is consistent with traditional teaching strategies (lecture methods) used throughout the American educational system.


The first bus lane in London was introduced 30 years ago. There are now over 500, plus other measures such as 'bus-only' streets, exemptions for buses from banned turns and bus priority at traffic signals. Schemes are processed through various initiatives such as the Priority (Red) Route Networks (PRN) and the London Bus Priority Network (LBPN). Nevertheless the rate of increase in traffic congestion across the whole of London's bus network continues to outstrip the benefits of bus priority. The paper examines the current initiatives and discusses where they fail to give buses the required level of priority and protection from traffic congestion. The fundamental conclusion is the need for a radical change in our assessment of road capacity, especially in Central London and other strategic centres. Current assessments based on vehicle capacity often rule out bus priority at key locations; there is a clear need to move towards 'people-moving' capacity measurements, in line with current policies to develop sustainable transport. For the covering abstract, see IRRD E101115.


In this paper, lI'e present a LSil audio watermark ill? method for the stereo audio fil« The basic idea of the proposed LSB algorithm is watermark embedding should causes minimal embedding distortion of the host audio, Using the proposed algorithm. watermark bits LIreembedded into both tefi and right channels, results in distributing the embedding error in both channels. so the noise ill the audio is shaped. According to the human perception of the listening audio. human brain responds the dynamic change in the audio ~rit concentrates on the audio by listening by one ear as a mono file. So if noise is distributed in both cha line Is. human ear call not easily perceive the noise. Random bit selection along with the remaining bit flipping increases security and robustness at the same time. We suggest to use any specific sequence of bit positions which lI'e can refer to replace the watermark bits at the selected host sample bits. .It the same time we can use any other encoding between the watermark tit and some unchanged host sample bits be/ore replacing with host bits. So encryption of the watermark bit is done before inserting or replacing in host sample, And at the lime of extraction same decodin is used 10 decode the watermark bit. L INTRODlJCTION Audio watermarking techniques have developed a strong basis for the area of steganography with a growing number of applications for fields like digital rights management. covert communications. hiding executables for access control, annotation etc. In these application scenarios, multimedia steganography techniques have to satisfy two basic requirements in order to make cover object (object not containing any additional data) and stego object (object containing secret message) perceptually indiscernible. The first requirement is perceptual transparency and the second one is high data rate of hidden data. All the stego applications mentioned above, besides requiri.ig a high bit rate of the embedded data, have a need for algorithms that detect and decode hidden bits without access to the original multimedia sequence (blind detection algorithm). While given applications do not require robustness against intentional attacks, a degree of robustness against common signal processing as noise addition or MPEG compression may be desired. Data bits as a watermark embedded into the host multimedia might be used as the link to e .cternal databases that contain certain additional information about the multimedia file itself, such as copyright information and licensing conditions. One interesting audio steganography application is transmission of socalled meta data along with multimedia. Meta data embedded in an audio clip may carry data about the composer, the genre of music, etc. Data hiding in the least significant bits (LSBs) of audio samples in the time domain is one of the simplest algorithms with very high data rate of additional information. LSB coding is one of the earliest techniques studied in the infonnatior. !:::iing and watermarking area of digital audio. It is a simple approach in watermarking of the audio sequences, where the embedding of a watermark into a digital audio stream is performed by alternation of the LSBs. having the amplitude resolution of 16 bits per sample. It usually does not use any psychoacoustics model 10 perceptually weight the noise introduced by LSB replacement. However, there are some more advanced methods of Lsn coding that introduce a certain level of perceptual shaping. The LSB watermark encoder usually selects a subset of all available host audio samples chosen by a secret key. The substitution operation on the LSBs is performed on this subset. Extraction process simply retrieves the watermark by reading the value of these bits from the watermarked audio bit stream. Therefore, the decoder needs all the samples of the watermarked audio that were used during the embedding process. The random selection of the samples used for embedding introduces low power additive white Gaussian noise (A WGN). It is well known from psychoacoustics literature that the human auditory system (HAS) is highly sensitive to tbe A WGN. This fact limits the number of LSBs that can be imperceptibly modified during watermark embedding. Random bit positioning is also very important method to increase the security in the watermarking. And at the same time bit flipping is used to maintain robustness. To select the random bit positions in the host sample, we can have our own specific sequence of the random bits, which can be used at time of embedding and extraction of the bits. Bits encoding is useful in LSB watermarking to encode or encrypt the watermark bit before replacing in the host samples. ISSN: 0974-3596 I October '09 March 'to I Volume 2: Issue I I Page: 359 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES (IJ-CA-ETS) There are several types of encoding like XOR. complement of bits, considering carry bit etc. can be used with the host samples bits which are not going to change in the embedding process. This is highly applicable and user defined technique to increase the: sccur iiy in the LSB warermark ing. The main advantage of the LSI3 coding method is a very high watermark channel bit rate; USt: 01" only one LSB of tile host audio sample gives a capacity of 4·U kbps (all samples used). The obvious disadv aruage i, considerably low robustness. due to the fact that simple random changes of the LSBs destroy the coded watermark. In addition. it is wry unlikely that the; embedded watermark would survive digital to analogue and subsequent analogue to digital conversion. Because no calculation-demanding transformations of the host signal in the basic version of this method need to be done. this algorirhrn has a very small computational complexity. This permits the use of LSB watermarking in real-time applications. 2. METHOD In multimedia compression techniques data redundancy is used in order to decrease the number of bits per sample needed for perceptually transparent representation of multimedia content. On the other hand. data redundancy is used in steganography techniques to embed additional data into the cover object. without causing perceptual distortion. As already noted, one of th ; most common and simplest steganographic method is the LSB coding method that embeds a message in the least significant bits of the host audio. As the number of used LSBs increases or the depth of the modified LSB layer becomes larger, the risk of making the embedded message statistically detectable increases and perceptual transparency of stego objects is decreased. Therefore. there is a limit for the number of bits in each sample of host audio that can be used to embed messages. In average, the maximum LSB depth that can be used for LSB-based watermarking without causing noticeable perceptual distortion is the fourth LSB layer, if 16 bits per sample audio sequences are used. The robustness of the watermark, embedded using the LSB coding method, increases with increase of the LSB depth used for data hiding. For example, a watermark placed in the third LSB layer can withstand additive noise amplitude two times higher than the same data placed into the second LSB layer. Therefore. improvement of watermark robustness obtained by increase of depth of the used LSB layer is limited by perceptual transparency bound. which is the fourth LSB layer for the standard LSB coding algorithm. Normal wave fi les of CD qual ity have file size of 16 bit. So if we choose stereo file we can insert data in both left and right channel. But for considering the human perception of detecting noise, if we choose only one channel to insert data from one sample, we can reduce the noise which will cause by the embedding error. So, best way is to select one channel once to insert the one watermark bit. Means first insert data in left channel and then next time insert in the right channel. I f we have: stereo f le. means we can insert data in the 16 bit file' s Idi or right channel. We have implemented the algorithm. which select left channel to insert the data and then for next sample it select the right channel. For example. wave file having length! second, sampling rate 44 i00 Hz. can hide ~4 10018 bytes that is 5512 bytes data. The standard LSB coding method simply replaces the original host audio bit in the ith layer (i=I. .... 16) with the bit from the watermark bit stream. In the case when the original and watermark bit are different and ith LSB layer is used for embedding the error caused by watermarking is 2i-1 . The embedding error is positive if the original bit is 0 and watermark bit is I and vice versa. A part of the two input/output embedding characteristics of the standard LSB coding algorithm, for the case of embedding in the -Ith LSB layer, the noise generated in the silent part of the: audio is shown in the Figure I. WavtFCr.niOt!lc s..lcr.t ptct befcre


The carnivorous plant Drosera latifolia (Eichler) Gonella & Rivadavia (Droseraceae) colonizes humid, acidic, and oligotrophic soils, relying on several strategies to get nutrients for growth. Besides predation, microbial functional groups are critical for carbon and nutrient cycling in the rhizosphere, but there is no information on how they interact in the (endo) rhizosphere of Drosera. We assessed the occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria, saprophytic fungi, actinobacteria and pseudomonads and correlated them with microbial functional groups (cellulolytic, amylolytic, nitrogen-fixing and proteolytic bacteria) in the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of Drosera collected during the winter and summer in two sites of natural occurrence (Rio Verde, SP and Joaquim Murtinho, PR). In each site, five samples of plants occurring on three substrates were taken: moss, peat, and sand. The population of heterotrophic bacteria correlated positively with saprophytic fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that use malate as C source and amylolytic populations. The fungi showed a positive correlation with amylolytics, cellulolytics and both nitrogen-fixing bacterial groups. The correlation between the Pseudomonas fluorescens and amylolytic populations was negative, as well as between P. fluorescens and nitrogen-fixing bacteria that use malate as carbon source. Although Drosera nutrition partially relies on the capture of small animals, mainly insects, plants also interact synergistically with functional microorganisms associated to their rhizosphere, which could therefore contribute to the nutritional requirements under oligotrophic environments, helping the plant to cope with survival in low-fertility soils.


Objective To establish a method of detecting drug (AZT,d4T,ddI,NVP) sensitivity by TZM-b1 cell lines,and to understand the phenotypic drug-resistance of HIV-1 strains in China by using such method.Methods Two laboratory-adapted straina-SF33 andⅢB-were used to evaluate the sensitivity of TZM-b1 cell lines.HIV-1 strains in those individuals who failed to respond to HAART were isolated by co-culture with normal PBMC and 16 clinical isolates were detected for their phenotypic drug resistance by using TZM-b1 cell lines.Results The IC_(50) of AZT,d4T,ddI and NVP for SF33/ⅢB strain was 0.009/0.005uM,0.125/0.113uM,0.495/1.905uM and 0.093/0.045uM,respectively.Of the 16 clinical isolates 13 (81%) were drug-resistant to AZT and NVP,respectively.All the 13 isolates were highly resistant to NVP with 8 having IC_(50) increased by 10000 folds,and 7(53.8%) of them were highly resistant to AZT.Conclusions TZM-b1 cell lines have offered a rapid and efficient method to detect drug susceptibility of HIV-1 strains.Most drug-re- sistant isolates in China which failed to respond to HAART were resistant to AZT or NVP.


Background: Developing a health belief model using social capital in social groups that have the same social characteristics has never been done. Methods: This study was conducted on employees of the weaving division in one of the largest textile industries in Indonesia located in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. In this case, 178 respondents were selected randomly to be assessed for the health belief model through the construct of perception: vulnerability, severity, benefit, threat, self-efficacy, barriers to readiness for action, and social capital through the construction of social networks, norms, trust, and reciprocity. In order to get a suitable model, the data were analyzed using path analysis with the assistance of Stata 13.
Results: The results of the development of the health belief model using social capital for behavioral changes in weaving employees obtained the following results. First, the health belief model consists of the constructs of perception of vulnerability, perception of severity, perception of benefits, and perception of barriers that indirectly affect the perception of threats to behavioral changes using personal protective equipment. (b= -1.07; 95% CI = -1.88 to -0.26; p=0.010). Second, social capital has a direct effect on behavioral changes in the use of personal protective equipment. (b= 0.85; 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.53; p=0.013). Furthermore, cues to action has a direct effect on behavioral changes in the use of personal protective equipment (b= 1.35; 95% CI = 0.49 to 2.21; p=0.02). Conclusion: Behavioral changes to use personal protective equipment for weaving employees who are exposed to high intensity noise are directly affected by cues to action and social capital. In addition, it is also indirectly affected by the variable of Health Belief Model.


(1) "Exploring the adaptation of Enterprise Systems Implementation Methodology: a Morphogenetic approach" authored by Daniela and Marius Mihailescu and Sven Carlsson. The authors introduces an ESIM adaptation framework underpinned by a morphogenetic approach. The qualitative study shows a richer description of ESIM and its adaptation. Four theoretically and empirically ESIM adaptation strategies are examined.


A novel approach for computing the capacitance matrices of arbitrary shaped three-dimensional geometries is presented. The proposed approach combines an iterative solution of the pertinent integral equations with the non-uniform grid (NG) algorithm for fast evaluation of potentials due to given source distributions. The NG approach is based on the observation that locally the potential produced by a finite size source can be interpolated from its samples at a small number of points of a non uniform spherical grid. This observation leads to a multilevel algorithm comprising interpolation and aggregation of potentials. The resulting hierarchical algorithm attains an O(N) asymptotic complexity.


It constructed mask structure so as to deposit a layer on a rectangular substrate, for example, configured edge exclusion mask to deposit a layer on a rectangular substrate is described. Mask structure is a mask frame which is adapted to mask the edges of the substrate during the layer deposition, comprising at least two mask frame side portions is a mask frame, at least two mask frame side portions thereof forming a corner to a corner area between, comprising a mask frame, the mask frame includes a first overlapping width of the side portion overlaps the second overlapping rectangular substrate edge to be larger than the width of the corner areas It is shaped to.


This study established the influence of social and economic factors on mate selection among adolescents of reproductive age in Nigeria. A total of two-hundred male (108) and female (92) adolescents constituted the sample for the study. Their ages ranged from 21 years to 28 years with a mean age of 26.3 years and standard deviation of 8.48. The instruments used were author-constructed questionnaires with 0.86 reliability coefficient. The data obtained were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, multiple regression and Pearson product moment correlation statistics. The result obtained from the study indicated that a combination of the independent variables (social and economic factors) significantly predicted the dependent variable (R)=0.638; (R2)=0.467 and F-ratio of 57.241 significant at 0.05 level. The result also indicated that significant relationship existed between each of the variables and mate selection (economic factors, t-value=4.543 and social factors, t-value=2.003, p.<0.05).The results further indicated the significant position between income level and mate selection (r=0.238, p.<0.05) and social factors and marriage partner (r=0.236, p.<0.05).Based on the results of this finding, it was recommended that those in the helping professions should take cognizance of those variables that have been found to influence mate selection among adolescents.


Available CFD computation techniques allow to predict flows in arbitrary geometry, based on these computations, the friction factor can be calculated, but this kind of procedures can become prohibitively expensive in terms of calculation time. In this talk we discuss a method for estimating the pressure losses for laminar forced flow in axially symmetric pipes with varying radius. The approach is based on an analytic expression for the friction factor, obtained after integrating the Navier-Stokes equations and an asymptotic expansion for the flow field. Examples for the validation of the method are presented.


Oral hygiene is attracting increasing attention as a potential risk factor for cancers. To investigate the association between toothbrushing frequency and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer, the authors conducted a large‐scale case‐control study.


Modern companies need knowledge and information in connection with the development of products and services and the desire to current is balanced between consistent quality. In conclusion, it must be emphasized that due to the prospective orientation of benchmarking is particularly useful as a tool to support strategic management. In contrast to the classical methods of comparison, has a much greater regularity and professionalism in the search for rational methods. This mechanism creates the conditions for the success of the optimization measures undertaken by the ease of coupling with the system of motivation. It should also be emphasized that carried out in connection with the benchmarking studies and analyzes can also inspire a completely new policies, creating opportunities to become a leader in its industry.


This paper presents the dual-band circularly polarized patch antenna for automotive applications. The proposed antenna is composed of the square patch element for the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), the square-ring patch element for the Global Positioning System (GPS), four conductive parasitic elements on the ceramic substrate, and four L-shape slot parasitic elements on the ground plane. As a result of the calculation of the antenna characteristics, the conductive parasitic elements and L-shape slot parasitic elements have an effect on improving the antenna gain of the DSRC patch element without deteriorating the antenna characteristics of the GPS patch element. Moreover, the radiation pattern and the axial ratio of the fabricated antenna are measured. It is shown that the measured results are mostly in agreement with the calculated results.


The US Food and Drug Administration is seeking data to determine whether certain ingredients found in sunscreens sold in the US are safe and effective. The agency is also looking to expand the range of ultraviolet light that sunscreens block. Under a rule proposed by the FDA on Feb. 21, manufacturers would need to provide the FDA with safety data if their products contain any of 12 sunscreen chemicals currently in use. The FDA needs such data so it can finalize what is called an over-the-counter (OTC) monograph for sunscreens by Nov. 29, the deadline set by the 2014 Sunscreen Innovation Act. The monograph is a set of standards under which certain OTC drugs can be marketed without new drug applications because they are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE). The agency is proposing to categorize zinc oxide and titanium dioxide GRASE without additional data. The FDA is also


The self-emulsifying drug delivery system(SEDDS) of HCPT was developed and the properties in vitro were assessed.The solubility of HCPT in several oils and emulsifiers and assistant emulsifiers was determined by balance solubility method.Temary phase diagram was used to select formulation composition and a central composite design-response surface methodology was used to optimize formulation.The droplet size,accumulative dissolving,self-emulsifying rate,microemulsion form and preliminary stability of the preparation were determined to prove that the dosage form is a useful deliverlity system for HCPT.In the optmiaed HCPT-SEDDS,the mixture of m(Maisine 35-1)∶m(GTCC)=1∶1,m(Cremophor-EL):m(Labrasol)=2∶1,Transcutol P used as oil,emulsifier and assistant emulsifier respectively.This HCPT-SEDDS could be self-emulsified to form uniform globular droplets,the average particle size of microemulsion was about 30 nm and had narrow distribution,the self-emulsifying rate was about 5 min,the accumulative dissolving could reach more than 90% in 1 h,and its stability is fine.The optimized SEDDS for HCPT was obtained.


Highly charged ions are extracted from the Berlin Electron Beam Ion Trap for investigations of charge exchange with a gas target. The classical over-the-barrier model for slow highly charged ions describes this process, whereby one or more electrons are captured from the target into Rydberg states of the ion. The excited state relaxes via a radiative cascade of the electron to ground energy. The cascade spectra are characteristic of the capture state. We investigate x-ray photons emitted as a result of interactions between Ar17+ ions at energies ⩽5qkeV with Ar atoms. Of particular interest is the velocity dependence of the angular momentum capture state lc.


There is a sot of electron ink display panel, and it consists of a active element array baseboard, a opposite baseboard, and a display medium. The active element array baseboard consists of several picture element configurations, and every picture element configuration consists of a bottom grid thin film transistor and a picture element pole. The picture element pole covers the part of the channel layer at least, and it connects with the leakage pole of the bottom grid thin film transistor I the electric connection manner. The opposite baseboard corresponds to the active element array baseboard. The display medium is collocated between the active element array baseboard and the opposite baseboard.


A novel family of Ga2S3–Sb2S3–XI (XI= PbI2, CsI, AgI) was investigated to understand the role of metal halides and exploit new chalco-halide glasses for infrared optics. The dependence of the thermal properties, infrared optical properties, and structural information of the novel family on different metal–iodines was investigated. Results showed that metal halides increase the glass stability but decrease the glass network connectivity. The compositional dependence of the short-wave cut-off edge is associated with the electronegativity difference between the cations and anions of the metal halides. Raman study showed that the metal–iodine modified the glass structure mainly through the iodide content, and the cations dissolved in the glass network mostly as charge compensators for the aperiodic network. For the glasses in the series Ga2S3–Sb2S3–XI–Dy3+, Dy3+ emission increased in the PbI2- and CsI-doped glasses but decreased in the AgI-doped glass due to the combined effect of dysprosium and oxygen. For all that, these novel glasses are highly promised for use in infrared optics.

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In this project, the relationships between the turbidity of water measured by its total suspended solids (TSS), Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) and the inherent optical properties computed from the spectral reflectance using the bio-optical model were investigated. It is hope that the results obtained could allow one to compute the water turbidity without needing to physically visit the site and take measurements. This could be extended to estimating the turbidity from remote sensing satellite imagery. Control experiments were initially carried out with a 1m deep by 0.5m x 0.5m tank. The tank was first filled with clean water. Various types of common soil (e.g. burnt soil, riverbed and silt) were then added progressively and the TSS, NTU and reflectance measured. The different types of soils were used to study the variability of the relationships across different soil types. The experiment results were very encouraging. Linear relationships between NTU and TSS, backscattering coefficient and TSS, backscattering coefficient and NTU were obtain. More interesting, the relationship between backscattering coefficient and NTU is independent of soil type. Field verification measurements were also conducted to confirm the findings of the lab experiments.


The nancial statements are an extremely important tool for obtaining information relating to the nancial position and results achieved by a company. From those statements can be used to make a rational decision in accordance with company objectives. Information submitted through the nancial statements are said to be incomplete prior to anal- ysis and interpretation were held beforehand. To analyze the nancial statements can be used an analytical tool called ratio analysis. Ratio analysis is an analytical method to de- termine the relationship between a certain position in the balance sheet or pro t / loss of individual or of the two re- ports. Ratio of liquidity, solvency, pro tability and activity as an analytical tool to assist in analyzing the existing situ- ation in the nancial statements of a company. Use of this analysis will help the management to measure and assess the course of performance of the company. From the analy- sis of nancial ratio calculation of the nancial statements. Ades Al ndo Putrasetia Tbk is known that the nancial performance of companies in unhealthy conditions


Messiaen's approach to harmony in his later music can be studied by examining his use of the chords of transposed inversions on the same bass note, thereby linking the construction of the chords of transposed inversions to Messiaen's concept of natural resonance. Although the chords of transposed inversions can be understood in different ways, their most revealing interpretation is as triadically based harmonies enhanced by resonance elements based on the color associations suggested in Messiaen's synesthesia. How the chords of transposed inversions are used in musical passages is also revealing, especially in relation to the modes of limited transposition. 1 An earlier version of this article was delivered at the 2002 meetings of the Texas Society for Music Theory, Austin, Texas; the South-Central Society for Music Theory, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and the Rocky Mountain Society for Music Theory, Boulder, Colorado. I would like to thank Eric J. Isaacson and Joseph N. Straus for their comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this article.


A method was established for the determination of 9 glucocorticoids in cosmetics by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograph (RP-HPLC). The extraction method of these glucocorticoids from cosmetic samples was also established. The external standard calibration curve was used for quantification. There was good linear correlation. The correlation coefficient was r≥0.999. The detection limit was 1.0 ng. The recoveries were 85.0%~99.5% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0%~5.8%. This method is simple, fast, accurate and convenient. It can be used as one of the reliable means for quantitative determination of prednisolone, hydrocortisone, cortisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, flumethasone, beclomethasone, triamcinolone acetonide and fluocinolone acetonide in cosmetics.


Woody plants in temperate regions, in order to prevent the water in their cells from freezing, interrupt their growth entering into a physiological state called "dormancy". Trees also have a heat requirement that must be fullfilled before actual growth is resumed and pollination occurs. The objective of this study is to ascertain the influence that a climatic parameter such as temperature exerts on Alnus, in order to identify the start of the dormancy period, its duration and the consequent heat requirement that triggers flowering in three European regions located at the same latitude. In this regard, we chose two areas in Spain (Vigo and Santiago de Compostela) and one in Italy (Perugia), since they have different temperature patterns, ranging from mild in the case of Vigo to cold in that of Perugia, including an intermediate temperature pattern (Santiago). Monitoring in the three stations was carried out by means of a 7-day Lanzoni VPPS 2000 pollen trap. Alnus began its pollen season between the second and third week of January in Spain, while in Italy it began during the first week of February. During the four years under study, in order to overcome the dormancy period, Perugia needed an average of 962 chilling hours (CH), Santiago 622 CH, and Vigo had the smallest chilling accumulation with only 460 CH. In the case of heat accumulation, we found that Perugia had the smallest requirement and Vigo the largest, thus Perugia needed an average of 42 (growth degree days) GDD, Santiago around 50 GDD and Vigo 62 GDD.


This study examines the concept of shared assets in Islamic law and legislation that develops in the Indonesian state and is the result of ijtihad from scholars in Indonesia. From the results of the research it was found that, every marriage has assets that were brought and obtained before the marriage of each husband or wife. Meanwhile, joint assets in marriage or known as assets gono gini are shared prices generated through syirkah or cooperation between husband and wife. The majority of ulam said it was syirkah abdan.


This paper presents the development of generalized fuzzy k-means algorithms and their application in image compression based on vector quantization. The development of generalized fuzzy k-means algorithms is based on the search for partitions of the feature vector space other than those generated by existing fuzzy k-means algorithms. These alternative partitions can be obtained by relaxing one of the conditions imposed on the membership functions. The clustering problem is formulated as a constrained minimization problem, whose solution depends on the selection of a constrain function that satisfies certain conditions. The solution of this minimization problem results in a broad family of generalized fuzzy k-means algorithms, which include the existing fuzzy k-means algorithms as a special case. Moreover, the proposed formulation results in the minimum fuzzy k-means algorithms, which are computationally less demanding than the existing fuzzy k-means algorithms. A broad family of admissible constrain functions result in an extended family of fuzzy k-means algorithms, which at the limit provide the fuzzy k-means and minimum fuzzy k-means algorithms. The resulting algorithms are used in image compression based on vector quantization.


Abstract : With President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative,2 the Republicans and Democrats drew battle lines over a National Missile Defense (NMD) system to protect the United States from long-range ballistic missiles The debate has since continued through changes of Administration and control of Congress making NMD "one of the most visible and controversial programs in DOD history"3 After winning control of the Congress in the 1994 elections, the Republicans continued this highly political "tug of war" with the President and then Democrat colleagues over NMD program funding and structure.


Wetlands have a very important role for humans and the environment. The function of wetlands as a support for human life, among others, water sources, a variety of habitats for living things, controlling floods, and drought. One of the wetlands in the Kelik river, Ketapang Regency. This wetland has an area of 2600 ha. The land is now a conservation area, with cultivation rights. The existing problem, namely, the land is the residual combustion that occurred in 2015 and is always flooded with water and the need for an existing drainage system on the land. Land needs to be managed properly in water management. Efforts to manage conservation areas so as not to experience drought, which results in fires, which will threaten land conservations. Methods for dealing with drainage systems by utilizing existing ditches or drains. Drainage design using hydrological and hydraulic studies. The method used in determining the flood discharge plan is based on the need for drainage modulus and the area of the ArcGIS software aid sub-area. The results of the study indicate the need to improve the existing channel. Repair through efforts to deepen the trenches and hold widening or normalization. Also, the depth of the new channel is needed to make an automatic door so that the water can be grounded to maintain the availability of water in the ground.


Consider a moving surface, on which the time derivatives of velocity and pressure are discontinuous but on which the velocity and pressure themselves are continuous. Such discontinuities may correspond to dissipated shock waves or "weak shocks." Then under the assumption that each moving fluid element undergoes adiabatic changes, it can be shown that the surface is given by the solution of a generalized eikonal equation, which in the case of a fluid at rest becomes the ordinary eikonal equation of ray acoustics. This treatment does not require the usual assumption of infinitesimal amplitudes ordinarily used in acoustics. Conservation laws corresponding to those in ray theory are also derived under the above assumptions.


The flow structure of the head of gravity currents is investigated in the experiments and the computation of lock-exchange flow. A finite volume of fluid was released instantaneously in another fluid of slightly different density in a long rectangular channel. The experimental and computational results show that the depth and volume of the released fluid affects the front speed. At the initial stage the head advances at a constant speed, and then it slows down. At the final stage, dominated by the viscosity, the front speed decreases with the time to the power of 1/2 when no disturbance from behind comes to the head.


HighlightsAutomated swath displacement works well in high drift conditions.System relevance and performance are limited in low drift conditions.Testing against pilot skill without an automated system is necessary.ABSTRACT. A set of spray trials was designed to evaluate the onboard swath displacement feature that is offered as part of some avionic systems and used to aid in targeting aerial spray applications. The trials were flown in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada, and were intended to provide basic information on the capabilities of these systems. A total of 32 trials were run, of which 24 provided coverage data that could be used in this evaluation. Two aircraft types were tested, each with distinct avionics systems and automated swath displacement capabilities. Each aircraft was flown with two application setups, resulting in four application scenarios. The systems were generally able to allow the pilot to apply the spray with a swath peak within 5 m of the target line on average, even in high wind conditions. Other relationships that were anticipated in the data, such as a direct correlation between offset distance and targeting accuracy, were not observed. The systems do not appear to add much capability in low drift conditions when not much displacement is expected. It is recognized that a control data set is necessary to evaluate the extent to which the systems improve targeting accuracy. Keywords: Aerial management system, Aerial pesticide application, Drift offset, Precision application, Real-time modeling, Spray deposition, Spray drift, Swath displacement.


Abstract A scheme is presented for modeling and local computation of exact probabilities, means, and variances for mixed qualitative and quantitative variables. The models assume that the conditional distribution of the quantitative variables, given the qualitative, is multivariate Gaussian. The computational architecture is set up by forming a tree of belief universes, and the calculations are then performed by local message passing between universes. The asymmetry between the quantitative and qualitative variables sets some additional limitations for the specification and propagation structure. Approximate methods when these are not appropriately fulfilled are sketched. It has earlier been shown how to exploit the local structure in the specification of a discrete probability model for fast and efficient computation, thereby paving the way for exploiting probability-based models as parts of realistic systems for planning and decision support. The purpose of this article is to extend this computational s...


In this paper, we study the problem of power allocation to maximize the transmission energy efficiency (TEE), while satisfying the security requirements in a wireless relay network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that jointly consider the energy efficiency and security requirements in two-hop wireless secure communication. A linear relaxation method and iterative algorithm are proposed to solve this optimization problem and obtain approximation of the optimal solution. We perform simulations to investigate the TEE performance under different power allocation and antennas deployment strategies. The numerical results verify the effectiveness of our optimization.


The conclusions of weaknesses of interconnection between Tourist and Product and non-historical Product are got based on the analyses for Tourist experience of in Hubei Museum with the ASEB method and HERITQUAL Model.The main reasons are isolation of human and nature and deficiency of leading mechanism.Based on these,four countermeasures are put forward to upgrade the lever of Tourist experience for integrated Museum.


High-pressure metamorphism at relatively low to moderate temperature is considered to reflect the presence of plate margin processes. However, evidence of such metamorphism is scarce in the preserved archive of the Archean–early Proterozoic rock record. Extant geochronological studies show that parts of the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) of India experienced regional metamorphism from 2 49 to 2 44 Ga and thus provide an excellent natural laboratory to study the geodynamics that was prevalent within the first 50 Myr from the Archean–Proterozoic boundary. Here, we have constrained the pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) evolution of a suite of mafic granulites from the Cauvery Shear System—a part of the SGT—that underwent the early Proterozoic regional metamorphism. Integrated results from mineral reaction histories, kinetically constrained thermobarometry and pseudosection analyses suggest that the studied mafic granulites, with a peak assemblage of garnet þ aluminous clinopyroxene þ plagioclase þ rutile þ quartz, were metamorphosed under high-P granulite (HPG) facies conditions of 800 C, 12–14 kbar. Subsequently, the rocks underwent simultaneous cooling and decompression, which is recorded by the formation of clinopyroxene þ plagioclase coronae at 710 C, 10–11 kbar, and stabilization of amphibole in various modes at >580–620 C, 6–8 kbar. The constrained peak P–T values suggest that the studied rocks were buried significantly deeply below the Earth's surface at moderate temperatures and, at present, such metamorphic conditions are attained in orogenic plate margins. Consequently, the studied rocks suggest the presence of plate tectonics at the Archean–Proterozoic boundary. Furthermore, diffusion modeling of the preserved major element compositional zonations within garnet–clinopyroxene pairs shows that the mafic granulites cooled continuously, but relatively slowly, from peak-T to 650 C at rates varying between 5 and 30 C Ma. Such a cooling history (during exhumation) at high temperatures indicates that high, perturbed crustal temperatures >600 C were sustained for tens of millions of years, which is uncommon in modern collisional settings. However, the recently proposed model of peeling-off (planar delamination) orogenesis involving hotter mantle during the Archean is consistent with the maintenance of high temperatures for longer durations. Therefore, we propose that the studied rocks preserve evidence for plate motions at the Archean–Proterozoic transition, but possibly with a style that is different from that operating at modern orogens. VC The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 441 J O U R N A L O F P E T R O L O G Y Journal of Petrology, 2019, Vol. 60, No. 3, 441–486 doi: 10.1093/petrology/egz001 Advance Access Publication Date: 25 January 2019 Original Article


Application of choice theory to the selection of an appropriate accounting method has been dealt with in a number of recent publications.' Difficulties in pursuing this approach arise, however, when we introduce a number of users of accounting information. We cannot, in general, ascribe a group utility, or social welfare, function to a set of multiple users. As a result the notion of identifying the appropriate accounting system by maximizing some conceptually well specified objective function is often inappropriate in a multiperson setting.2 Nevertheless, there are numerous special cases which do admit to a group utility function. Obvious examples include a team and deferral to an expert (or dictator). More significant is the fact that similar results are achievable when the risks and returns of a cooperative decision are shared among the cooperating individuals in a Pareto optimal manner. For example, under suitable conditions, a partnership will admit to a group level or partnership utility function. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to view the problem of accounting method choice in a partnership as a formal, welldefined optimization problem. This has the theoretical advantage of explicitly linking the accounting choice to the partnership's economic situation, as well as opening up the possibility of studying optimality existence and characterization. Moreover, it provides a juxtaposition with extant accounting prescription. In particular, I shall demonstrate that, within the framework adopted, existing concepts of partnership accounting are in-


Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological change frequently accompanied by chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy have never been elucidated. Recent studies indicated that miR‐103 expression was significantly decreased in heart failure patients. However, less is known about the role of miR‐103 in cardiac hypertrophy. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between miR‐103 and the mechanism of pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy. TRPV3 protein, cardiac hypertrophy marker proteins (BNP and β‐MHC) and autophagy associated proteins (Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II) were up‐regulated, as well as, miR‐103 expression and autophagy associated proteins (p62) were down‐regulated in cardiac hypertrophy models in vivo and in vitro respectively. Further results indicated that silencing TRPV3 or forcing overexpression of miR‐103 could dramatically inhibit cell surface area, relative fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ signal and the expressions of BNP, β‐MHC, Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II, but promote p62 expression. Moreover, TRPV3 protein was decreased in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte transfected with miR‐103, but increased by AMO‐103. Co‐transfection of the miR‐103 with the luciferase reporter vector into HEK293 cells caused a sharp decrease in luciferase activity compared with transfection of the luciferase vector alone. The miR‐103‐induced depression of luciferase activity was rescued by an AMO‐103. These findings suggested that TRPV3 was a direct target of miR‐103. In conclusion, miR‐103 could attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy partly by reducing cardiac autophagy activity through the targeted inhibition of TRPV3 signalling in the pressure‐overloaded rat hearts.


ABSTRACT. A new heterotrophic flagellate has been discovered from sites in Maryland, Michigan and Wyoming. The flagellate resides within a lorica constructed of a meshwork of intertwined fibrils with the outer surface invested with nail‐shaped spines. The organism "reclines" within the lorica with its ventral aspect directed upward, and has two heterodynamic flagella, neither of which bears mastigonemes. One flagellum is directed upward and the other is arched over the ventral aspect of the body. Ingestion of bacteria takes place at the left posterior half of the cell. The organism is anchored to the lorica on the right posterior side by a series of regularly spaced cytoplasmic bridges and at the left anterior of the cell by a cytoplasmic appendage similar to the "languette cytoplasmique" found in some bicosoecids. The right side of the cell is raised into a flattened lip with the outer margin reinforced by a ribbon of microtubules. The new flagellate has mitochondria with tubular cristae and lacks a Golgi. A new genus is created to accommodate both the new flagellate described herein and Histiona campanula Penard. A new family is proposed to include the new genus and Histiona.


This article introduces the function of the oil of diesel engine, including different typies of the quality, the choosing ways and the way of a quick check of how to use diesel oil.


A control system is proposed to make sure the head of the next tube is close jointed and no collision with the tail of the last tube in the table.Considering that the joint process is achieved while tube moving so it is a dynamic position closed loop control problem.SIEMENS 611A servo control system is applied for the request of properties of good servo and quick respond of the driving system.Furthermore,in order to reduce complexity of the engineering,PLC system is used to realize the position control by the dynamic position closed PI controller.The application result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In this work, the influence of the ambient gas (N2, O2, Ar and He) on the plasma emission signal, plasma lifetime, electron number density and temperature, as well as the crater morphology of laser-ablated Al has been studied experimentally.


A 4-day-old full-term girl with a maternal history of polyhydramnios during the third trimester was transferred from an outside nursery for hypotonia, poor feeding and abnormal respirations. Barium swallow evaluation prior to transfer revealed laryngeal penetration with silent aspiration and absent cough reflex. On physical examination the infant had stridor, increased oral secretions, axial hypotonia, right esotropia and facial weakness. MRI of the brain (figure 1) demonstrated a large tumour centred in the …


CONTEXT
Guardian Caps (GCs) are currently the most popular external helmet-add on designed to reduce the head impact magnitude experienced by American football players. GCs have been endorsed by influential professional organizations, however few studies evaluating the efficacy of GCs are publicly available.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to present preliminary on-field head kinematics data for NCAA Division I American football players using instrumented mouthguards through closely matched pre-season workouts both with and without GCs.

DESIGN
Case Series.

SETTING
The study took place during the 2022 American football pre-season.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
25 Male NCAA Division I student-athletes participating in American football completed some portion of the 6 workouts included in this study. Of the 25 total participants, 7 completed all 6 workouts using their instrumented mouthguards.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
The peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak angular acceleration (PAA) and total impacts were collected using instrumented mouthguards (iMG) during 3 pre-season workouts using traditional helmets (TRAD), and 3 with Guardian Caps used in additional to a traditional helmet (GC). The TRAD and GC values for PLA, PAA and total impacts were analyzed using ANOVAs.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the collapsed mean values for the entire sample between TRAD and GC for PLA (TRAD=16.3±2.0, GC=17.2±3.3Gs; p=0.20), PAA (TRAD=992.1±209.2, GC=1029.4±261.1rad/s2; p=0.51 and the total amount of impacts (TRAD=9.3±4.7, GC=9.7±5.7; p=0.72). Similarly, no difference was observed between TRAD and GC for PLA (TRAD=16.1±1.2, GC=17.2±2.79Gs; p=0.32), PAA (TRAD=951.2±95.4, GC=1038.0±166.8rad/s2; p=0.29 and total impacts (TRAD=9.6±4.2, GC=9.7±5.04s; p=0.32) between sessions for the7 repeated players.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest no difference in head kinematics data (PLA, PAA and total impacts) when GCs are worn. This study suggests GCs may not be effective in reducing the magnitude of head impacts experienced by NCAA Division I American football players.


The quality of mortality data from the 1980 census of Brazil is compared with that of vital statistics data. The results suggest that census figures are lower as a result of under-enumeration and that the vital statistics data present a more accurate picture of the age structure of deaths. (summary in ENG)


Kenneth E. Stager (Jour. Mamm., 26: 196, 1945) reviewed the history of Tadarida mexicana so far as it was known in Oregon up to that time. In addition to the specimen taken by Dennis Constantine at Medford, Oregon on October …


A 4-way Wilkinson and a 4:1 Dolph-Chebyshev divider MMIC based on grounded coplanar waveguide technology on GaAs are presented, analyzed and compared. The Dolph-Chebyshev structure was simulated by using electromagnetic software, whereas the 4-way Wilkinson divider was simulated by a schematic CAD tool. Both dividers are processed and experimentally evaluated for operation in H-band (220–330 GHz). The 4-way Wilkinson MMIC achieves the best insertion losses, which are lower than 107 dB between 235 and 255 GHz (8 2 % of relative bandwidth, RBW). Input return losses better than 12 dB, an amplitude imbalance between outer and inner branches lower than 0.7 dB and a phase difference of (1.5 ± 0.1)° is achieved by the Dolph-Chebyshev from 235 to 257 GHz (RBW=8.9 %). The 4-way Wilkinson divider is very compact with a size of 0.09 × 0.22 mm2.


Chinese New-sensationalism has been formed on the basis of the Japanese New—sensation-alism.However,some variations have been found on the Chinese soil.As far as the relationship between Chinese and Japanese sensationalism and psychoanalytical novels is concerned,Japanese New-sensationalism is not characterized with psychoanalysis but Chinese New-sensationalism includes psychoanalytical novels.The first reason for this is that when Japanese New-sensationalism was accepted in China,the misunderstanding of it occurs,it seems that nearly all works with elements of modernism are regarded as New-sensationalism.The second reason is that after Chinese and Japanese New-sensationalism collapsed,most influential novelists have turned to write psychoanalytical novels.Therefore,Chinese literary field has mixed up New-sensational-ism wit h psychoanalytical novels.


Objective
To investigate the interactions between cAMP-response element-binding protein 1(CREB1)gene polymorphisms (rs889895, rs3770704, rs2551645, rs4675690)and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)gene polymorphisms (rs7124442, rs10835210) and the association with recurrent major depressive disorder.

Methods
The blood samples were taken from 768 recurrent major depressive disorder patients and 511 healthy controls.The DNA was isolated from blood samples and was detected by SNP Sequenom Mass Array analysis. Chi-square test was used to compare differences in the frequency distribution of alleles and genotype between depression and controls.The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was used to analyze the gene-gene interaction.Binary logistic regression was used to verify the optimal model.

Results
After adjusting the factors of sex and age, the GMDR analysis showed rs10835210 was the optimal model.In this model, the testing balanced accuracy was 0.5319 and cross-validation consistency value was 10/10.And rs10835210 had a statistically significant effect on the risk of recurrent major depressive disorder(P=0.0107). There was no significant gene-gene interaction of five tag SNPs on recurrent major depressive disorder(P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed the AC contributed to a significantly lower risk of recurrent major depressive disorder than did the CC(OR=0.772, 95%CI=0.608-0.980, P=0.033). It was failed to find the genetic polymorphism of CREB1 rs889895.

Conclusion
BDNF rs10835210 may be one of the biological markers of recurrent major depressive disorder.

Key words:
Recurrent major depressive disorder; cAMP-response element binding protein; BDNF; Tag SNP; Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction


One of the problems a s s o c i a t e d with the d i s p o s a l of s o l i d wastes i n l a n d f i l l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n hig h p r e c i p i t a t i o n areas, i s the p o l l u t i o n caused by the p r o d u c t i o n of the o f t e n h i g h l y contaminated l e a c h a t e . T h i s study was i n i t i a t e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e the t r e a t a b i l i t y of a low-strength m u n i c i p a l l a n d f i l l l e a c h a t e u s i n g a e r o b i c d i g e s t i o n f o l l o w e d by a c t i v a t e d carbon p o l i s h i n g , , so t h a t the most c o s t e f f e c t i v e treatment system c o u l d be d e t e r mined. Sludge d e s o r p t i o n and lea c h a t e t o x i c i t y assessment were a l s o i n c l u d e d i n the study. The a e r a t e d lagoon process alone was very e f f e c t i v e i n t r e a t i n g the leac h a t e t o a q u a l i t y t h a t i s n e a r l y a c c e p t a b l e f o r d i s c h a r g e t o a r e c e i v i n g water. Only SO4 and Fe i n the s e t t l e d e f f l u e n t s i g n i f i c a n t l y exceeded the l o c a l r e q u l a t o r y standards f o r s p e c i f i c d i s c h a r g e s . Carbon a d s o r p t i o n g r e a t l y improved the s e t t l e d e f f l u e n t q u a l i t y i n terms of c o l o r , Fe and COD. However, the a d d i t i o n of t h i s p o l i s h i n g process f o r combined treatment may not be cos t e f f e c t i v e . For an i n f l u e n t COD of 1,600 mg/1 and with MLVSS concent r a t i o n s ranging between 360 and 560 mg/1, the s e t t l e d e f f l u e n t COD removal i n c r e a s e d from 82.6% t o as high as 90.1% when 9 C was i n c r e a s e d from 2 t o 10 days. For the corresponding i n f l u e n t BOD5 of about 1,000 mg/1 and with 9 C g r e a t e r than 3 days, the BOD5 removal e f f i c i e n c i e s averaged 99.1% and the s e t t l e d e f f l u e n t BOD 5's were no g r e a t e r than 10 mg/1. T h i s


INTRODUCTION: A picture of anorexia, is very common in the elderly, and one of the main factors is the change in smell and taste. OBJECTIV: Check the degree of


We address the problem of grouping points or features common to a single object. In this paper we consider the processing of a sequence of two-dimensional orthogonal projections of a three-dimensional scene containing an unknown number of independently-moving rigid objects. We describe a computationally inexpensive algorithm that can determine the number of bodies and which points belong to which body.<<ETX>>


Abstract Cu films were grown on (0001) α-Al2O3 single-crystals by magnetron sputtering. The growth behavior was manipulated by Ar+-ion sputter cleaning of the substrates at kinetic energies between 100 and 500 eV, changing the sputter rate from 0.75 to 1.1 nm/s, and using nominal substrate temperatures of 100 and 200 °C, respectively. Polycrystalline Cu films formed on α-Al2O3 substrates after an Ar+-ion bombardment at 500 eV, while epitaxial Cu films evolved when Ar+-ion energies of 100 and 200 eV were used. The epitaxial Cu films always consisted of two twin-related growth variants. However, two different orientation relationships emerged which differ by a 30° in-plane rotation of the (111) oriented Cu films when the deposition rate is changed from 0.75 to 1.1 nm/s. The results will be discussed on the basis of differences in the growth process.


A novel water soluble azo Schiff base ligand containing crosslinking reactive groups (A), 3,5-bis [(2-hydroxy-4′-sodiumsulphatoethylsulphonyl) azobenzene- methyneimino]-benzoic acid (BHSABA), and its complexes with Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes had excellent water solubility. Two reactive groups, p-[(2′-sulphatoethyl) sulphonyl groups, were able to form covalent bonds with biomass, such as cellulose, chitosan and so on, to obtain functional material. Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) electronic absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the ligand having azo conjugated system and of the metal complexes were measured. The catalytic activity of the ligand and the complexes for H2O2 decomposition were also investigated. The results show that the fluorescence spectra of the complexes, Co2A and Mn2A, had increased fluorescence phenomena. They had strong catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition. When the concentration of manganese complex, Mn2A, was 5 mg/l, H2O2 decomposition nearly finished in 40 min at 40℃. The order of catalytic activity of three complexes for H2O2 decomposition was Mn2A > Co2A > Cu2A. The ligand itself had no noticeable catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition. These novel water soluble Schiff base metal complexes with reactive groups have potential application in the H2O2 decomposition of water treatment fields.


Background: Pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction is common in diabetes. The parameter, E/e[Combining Acute Accent] has emerged as a powerful variable in the assessment of diastolic function; E/e[Combining Acute Accent] is the ratio of the early mitral inflow (E) to septal mitral annular velocity (e[Combining Acute Accent]) in diastole, and is a continuous variable that correlates with increased left ventricular filling pressure. In retrospective studies in diabetes, E/e[Combining Acute Accent]>15 predicted mortality and heart failure (HF). As advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accelerate collagen crosslinking and contribute to myocardial stiffening, this study investigated if serum and urinary AGEs are associated with elevated filling pressures in diabetes. Methods: We recruited 137 patients with diabetes attending a diabetes clinic as part of a routine surveillance program. Patients with LVEF<50%, macrovascular disease and history of HF were excluded. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and elevated filling pressures defined as E/e[Combining Acute Accent]>15. N-carboxymethyllysine AGE-modified proteins were measured in serum and urine using an ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD for parametric data and geometric mean (25, 75th quartile) for non-parametric data. Results: Mean ± SD age was 61 ± 13y (58% male), BMI 31 ± 6 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.6 ± 1%, median diabetes duration 14(8,23)y and a low eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 occurred in 14%. Table. No title available. An elevated E/e' was associated with higher serum AGEs after correcting for age, gender, BMI, eGFR and diabetes duration (P = 0.004). Conclusions: This is the first study to show increased serum AGEs are associated with subclinical elevated filling pressures in patients with diabetes. Serum AGEs may be a useful biomarker of diastolic dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target for treatment with crosslink breakers.