The biggest thing going for the education technology industry today is the push toward standards-based assessment. We have watched this gradual change since the late 1980s. Today, everybody is scrambling for ways to create, teach, assess and track the progress of students toward learning standards. When it finally looked like schools were going to get serious about standards-based assessment, Excelsior Software quickly turned to vocational schools, which have been teaching and tracking standards for many years as a way of learning what works and what does not. Putting this technology into mainstream education, however, is a different game altogether. Without traditional grades, teachers have to redefine their jobs, parents fail to make the connection at all and students traditionally meet only minimum standards. The paradoxical question when providing technology tools to teachers has always been: "How do you make it simple enough to learn to use with minimal or no training, and still keep it functional enough to be worth the time to implement?" Real-Time Information A big issue has been getting teachers to use technology. Excelsior has always provided free software to anyone who teaches educators to use computers. Yet, for the last 15 years, we have seen few new teachers graduating from college with any knowledge of how to put together an assessment method for their curriculum and their classroom, let alone how to use a program designed to assist with this task. I am always shocked when student teachers are still required to turn in their paper gradebooks for evaluation. We need to get the colleges of education to start producing assessment-savvy educators. Providing these skills after they enter the work force is expensive and time-consuming. Teaching young educators to create a spreadsheet does little to help them meet the plethora of data-tracking tasks, including multilevel grading, standards, discipline, attendance, regrading, anecdotal records and IEP requirements, which they will be required to do daily or in real time. And real time is where they need to be. The latest computers and networks, as well as the Internet, have dictated that information be available in real time. The problem is you can't report in real time what you don't have. Teachers must participate, but getting them to do so is difficult. Gone is the need for quarters, semesters and other periods of grading, which were put in place to stop and assess where students were so changes could be implemented if needed. Yet, these are so ingrained in the mindset of schools that they won't go away easily. When assessment is in real time, i.e. day to day, then changes are as well. Schools know that, but they are stuck doing what they already know how to do. But the curious thing about real-time information is who wants to see it. The answer may surprise you. Back in the early '90s Excelsior, IBM and Ameritech teamed up to provide home access to real-time student progress via teachers' gradebooks. Parents wanted to know how their kids were doing in school. Students used IBM PCs at school and at home with direct ISDN lines. The gradebook and home-viewing software was Excelsior's. The experiment was expensive, but Excelsior's Pinnacle System was based on valuable knowledge gleaned from that pilot installation near Chicago, Ill. Almost every school and teacher now uses computers. The problem is that while keeping grades on a computer is commonplace, it's not often required. The Internet promises to provide real-time information to parents. Schools are talking with teachers about how often grades have to be entered and with parents about how often they can expect to see updates. …


OBJECTIVES
To identify the predictive factors of treatment response to acupuncture in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).

METHODS
Patients with FM refractory to standard drug therapy underwent eight weekly acupuncture sessions. Significant improvement, defined as a reduction of at least 30% of the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), was assessed at the end of the eight weeks (T1) of treatment and three months after the end of treatment (T2). Univariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of significant improvement at T1 and T2. Variables, which resulted significantly associated with clinical improvement at univariate analysis, were included in multivariate models.

RESULTS
Analyses were conducted on 77 patients (9 males, 11.7%). At T1, significant improvement in FIQR was recorded in 44.2% of patients. At T2, persistent significant improvement was recorded in 20.8% of patients. In multivariate analysis, predictive variables of treatment failure were tender point count (TPC) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.28 - 0.86, p=0.01) and pain magnification (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47 - 0.99, p=0.04) assessed with Pain Catastrophising Scale, at T1. At T2, the only predictive variable of treatment failure was concomitant duloxetine use (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05 - 0.95, p=0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
High TPC and a tendency for pain magnification predict immediate treatment failure, while duloxetine therapy predicts it three months after completion of the acupuncture course. The identification of clinical characteristics of unfavourable response to acupuncture could help to implement a cost-effective prevention of treatment failure in FM.


Thank you very much for downloading practice development in community nursing principles and processes. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this practice development in community nursing principles and processes, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


The practicing of the profession of teacher, unlike any other profession, leaves a profound impression on the life of almost every contemporary person. The actions of a teacher have a formative nature and are not irrelevant to people's condition. For this reason, teachers have a moral obligation to take utmost care of their students and to ask themselves questions about the binding nature of their professional activity. The teacher should ascertain it is of the highest level and be motivated by the well-being of the student. The present article is a voice in the di- scussion on the need and ability to find the teacher's method of working directed towards that ultimate goal.


Traditional classifiers are only learning labeled data,but labeled instances are difficult to be acquired because they are time-consuming and costly. This is so-called bottleneck problem of annotation. Semi-supervised learning creates better classifier by using both labeled and unlabelled data to resolve this problem. Because semi-supervised learning needs less manual work and its accuracy is higher,it is meaningful both in theory and in practice. When labeled data is not sufficient,it is infeasible to evaluate the confidence of label assigned to the unlabelled data by statistical theory. After the survey of known semi-learning algorithms,we propose 2-phase based co-training which uses kNN and SVM classifier simultaneously. Experiment shows that the proposed algorithm is effective.


A key parameter to understand the evolution of the Himalayan orogen and its impact on Earth surface processes is the mass of material removed from the system through physical erosion and sediment export. Himalayan erosion rates have been widely derived from thermochronological exhumation studies, river incision rates and sediment budgets covering both long-term exhumation rates and short-term events. Cosmogenic nucleids provide the opportunity to study large-scale basin average erosion rates at intermediate time scale [1, 2]. However, the use of 10 Be has yet remained limited for the major Himalayan basins [3]. Here we report 10 Be measurements from river sediments covering the Ganga basin that drains the central part of the Himalayan range. Sediments were collected between 2004 and 2010 at the Himalayan front in the main trans-Himalayan rivers, in the floodplain southern cratonic tributaries, and finally in the Ganga (Bangladesh) which integrates the whole basin. 10 Be concentrations measured at the Himalayan front range from (8 to 55) $ 10 3 at. g -1 and vary (up to a factor 2) interannually for most of the rivers. In Bangladesh, four different samples yield in contrast similar concentrations (~20 $ 10 3 at. g -1 ), close to the average of the upstream mountain-outlets values. Those results suggest several preliminary conclusions: (1) The sediment contribution of the southern tributaries of the Ganga is limited to <1%, consistently with their much higher 10 Be concentrations and erosion rates of ~0.008 mm.


The article describes housing reconstruction possibilities in Osijek's Tvrdja shortly after the war ended in 1995. It takes into account the complexity of the situation - extensive war damage, distorted social structure of Tvrdja (evacuees, displaced persons) and murky property and ownership relations.


Small-scale, highly maneuverable, flapping-wing robotic insects have a wide range of applications, including exploration, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, and surveillance. For these small-scale robots, a piezoelectric cantilever actuator driven by a high voltage drive signal is a preferred actuation mechanism. The generation of this drive signal via light and efficient power electronics is critical given the limited weight budget for the flapping-wing robot. Previous work demonstrated actuator drive circuitry using discrete power transistors and passive elements. This paper presents a new design that integrates all the power FETs into a single monolithic IC, reducing the weight of the power electronics to fit within the weight budget. This design adds the capability of driving multiple outputs to accommodate recent electromechanical design advances for flying robots.


Compared with the traditional form of designing, CAD in the application of modern artistic designing gives full play to such advantages as swiftness, efficiency and accuracy as well as exposes its such disadvantages as the lack of emotional elements in the design.


In the Yang-Mills theory, the apparent thickness of the confining string is known to grow logarithmically when its length increases. The same logarithmic broadening also happens to strings in other quantum field theories and domain walls in statistical physics models. Even in quantum field theories, the correlators used to measure and characterise this phenomenon are analogous to those in statistical physics. In this paper we describe it using the string form factor which is a meaningful quantum observable, obtainable in principle from scattering experiments. We show how the form factor can be obtained from field correlation functions calculated in lattice Monte Carlo simulations. We apply this method to 2+1-dimensional scalar theory in the strong coupling limit, where it is equivalent to the 3D Ising model, and through duality also to 2+1-dimensional Z2 gauge theory. We measure the string form factor by simulating the Ising model, and demonstrate that it displays the same logarithmic broadening as observed by other quantities.


A chaotic laser light related Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer is an optical fiber Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer fabricated by using chaotic laser related principles, deformation of coherent amplification of Brillouin scattered light, the temperature effect and optical time-domain reflection principles, and uses one same chaotic laser as a local reference light source and a pump signal light source for the Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer. The chaotic laser has an ultra-large bandwidth. The chaotic laser light related Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer, by using the chaotic laser principle, performs related processing on signal light and local light to obtain the high spatial resolution, thereby effectively enhancing the reliability of a sensing system, where the spatial resolution may reach a centimeter level, and the number of pump photons that enter the sensing optical fiber is also increased, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing system is increased by 10 dB, and the measurement length of a sensor may be increased to 50 km. By using one same chaotic laser as the local signal light source and pump signal light source of the Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer, the difficulties in locking a narrowband detection laser and a narrowband pump laser are also solved, thereby enhancing the stability of the system.


Simple Summary Automatic milking systems are gaining popularity worldwide as they help in monitoring milk production traits, inter alia, milking efficiency defined as milk yield divided by box time. In our study we used a statistical method called the decision tree technique, which allows us to study the impact of specific factors on milking efficiency and display them as a simple graphical model. By studying the tree a farmer might identify the factors most affecting milking efficiency. Abstract In barns equipped with an automatic milking system, the profitability of production depends primarily on the milking efficiency of a cow (ME; kg/min) defined as cow milk yield per minute of box time. This study was carried out on 1823 Polish Holstein–Friesian cows milked by the automatic milking system (AMS) in 20 herds. Selected milking parameters recorded by the AMS were analyzed in the research. The aim of the study was to forecast ME using two statistical techniques (analysis of variance and decision trees). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the average ME was 1.67 kg/min. ME was associated with: year of AMS operation (being the highest in the first year), number of cows per robot (the highest in robots with 61–75 cows), lactation number (highest for multiparas), season of calving (the highest in spring), age at first calving (>36 months), days in milk (151–250 days) and finally, rear quarter to total milk yield ratio (the highest between 51% and 55%). The decision tree predicted that the highest ME (2.01 kg/min) corresponded with cows that produced more than 45 kg of milk per day, were milked less than four times/day, had a short teatcup attachment time (<7.65 s) and were milked in robots that had an occupancy lower than 56 cows.


This paper considers mathematical models for model-based controller design in offshore pipelay operations. Three classes of models for control design are discussed, real-world models suitable for controller design verification, controller and observer models which are used on-line in the control system implementation. The control application place requirements on the model with respect to the computational time, dynamic behavior, stability and accuracy. Models such as the beam model, two catenary models, as well as general finite element (FE) models obtained from computer programs were not able to meet all of the requirements, and two recent dynamic models designed for control are presented, which bridge the gap between the simple analytical and more complex FE models. For completeness, modeling of the pipelay vessel, stinger and roller interaction, soil and seabed interaction and environmental loads are discussed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This research was conducted with the aim to describe the influence of economic study result, family environment and colleague on efficiency to consume student class X Social Science Senior High School 1 Tumpang during 2015/2016 learning period. The research metodology used is quantitative descriptive with exsplanation format. The instrument used in this research was tests and questionnaires. The number of respondents are 95 students. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 For Windows.Based on the analysis of data obtained the following results : (1) there is influence between economic study result (X1) with efficiency to consume (Y) about 2,76%. (2) there is influence between family environment (X2) with efficiency to consume (Y) about 26,6643%. (3) there is influence between colleague (X3) with efficiency to consume (Y) about 7,8987%. DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.17977/UM014v10i12017p083


The primary productivity of the Mahil pond has been estimated from March 2017 to February 2018 at four different stations. Various physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton were studied. The seasonal variation of primary productivity revealed that maximum and minimum values of Gross primary productivity and community respiration were associated with rainy and summer seasons respectively. The minimum values of Net primary productivity were recorded during rainy season and maximum during winterfor different study stations.


[Objective]To establish the determination method of total flavonoids and optimize the extraction process for total flavonoids from Psidium guajava leaf. [Method] With 2% ZrOCl2. 8H2O methanol solution as the chromogenic agent,determination wavelength 412 nm,the standard curve was made with rutin as the control article,and the determination method was established. On the basis of single factor experiment, effects of ethanol concentration,solid- liquid ratio,extraction period and times were studied by taking the yield of total flavonoids as the main index and the dry paste yield as the secondary indicator. The proper condition was determined by orthogonal experiment. [Result]The linear regression equation is y = 31. 385 0x- 0. 025 5 (R = 0. 999 9),indicating that the linear relationship between rutin concentration and absorbance is good within the range of 0- 0. 024 mg/ml. The orthogonal test showed that the ethanol concentration,the solid- liquid,the extraction period, the extraction times were 40%,1∶ 20,1 h,3times. Under this condition,the extraction rate of total flavonoids reached 3. 3%,the dry paste yield reached 27. 8%. [Conclusion]Differential spectrophotometry is simple,rapid,accurate and is suitable for determination of total flavonoids in Psidium guajava leaf. The optimized process is feasible for the extraction of total flavonoids. This study could provide theoretical basis for the proper development and utilization of total flavonoids from Psidium guajava leaf.


An improved high voltage lateral PNP structure is described. Devices built with the structure have HFEand Early voltage as good as quality discrete devices and maintain fTgreater than 1.5 MHz at 350V. The process is simpler than those previously described for production of complementary vertical devices. Experimental results for a range of profiles and geometries are presented.


The Cuban academic renaissance has far exceeded expectations, and in so doing, it has, in contrast to the dismal display of the Batista epoch, developed, as promised, a measure of excellence through inclusiveness. Notwithstanding external conflicts of interests, a U.S. commercial interdiction, and the loss of Soviet subsidies, the conveyance of a world-class education is radically replacing an agrarian society with an academic agenda in tune with the challenges of modernization. The experiment to present has undergone transformations and/or expansions in accordance with supply and demand. With the socialist model as a guide, education that commenced as a tool to develop basic training during the age of agricultural production was later revamped as an answer to a collapsing sugar industry. In its stead, local architects oversaw a seismic shift in emphasis from rural to urban education that unveiled a boost in tertiary training in an attempt to address scientific and industrial interests. This article, while acknowledging academic progress partly due to a union between central and decentralized authorities under the Castro administration, references a tale of limitations and therefore, in closing, shares in a debate of uncertainty. In short, the overarching inquiry is this: In light of an atmosphere influenced by a blockade and a global recession, is the regime that labors to uphold the tenets of socialism willing to make the necessary adjustments to publicize premium education?


The bitumen industry of today is monitoring the quality of its products in a very different way to how it used to be. While in the past simple test methods could be selected to verify the quality of the produced binders (as only a limited set of crude oils was used, refined with similar processes), the current situation is different. The greater diversity of applied crude oils and innovative production systems has put more pressure on the existing product specifications and new methods are required to control the quality of the produced binders. The data measured using a dynamic shear rheometer can be used to assess rheological properties but this does not always differentiate various manufacturing methods. This paper tries to use rheological data as a means to evidence the constancy in quality of a polymer-modified binder. If product prescriptions only use a single figure for the complex modulus at a specific frequency the binder can be composed or produced by different means. A representation of the full rheological spectrum in a modified representation of the Black curve is found to be a valuable tool to control the constancy, and the eventual degree and/or compatibility effects of modification, of bituminous binders of various origins. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107185.


Introduction Regular tree condition and hazard assessments are essential in preventing threats caused by tree failure and breakages. Tree risk assessment is a broad area of expertise which combines many disciplines. There is a large body of scientific literature about biomechanics, impact of the wind, soils, wood decay, and other topics that relate to tree risk assessment. Several internal defect detection technologies have been adapted for arboriculture and used to evaluate the risk of tree failure, for example: y a static load test (pull test) (Wessolly and Erb, 1998), y a single-path stress wave equipment (Fakopp Microsecond Timer), y an acoustic tomography (Picus Sonic Tomograph), y a resistance microdrill (IML Resistograph) and other. There are major gaps in research which are directly applicable to professional practice. There is no single piece of equipment which could provide a complete assessment. Commonly, in routine assessments of urban tree the visual methods are applied. The first methods of urban tree assessments were developed in the 70's in Germany and the USA (Paine, 1973). The time consumed for a single tree assessment with visual method can vary greatly (5 to 60 minutes) and depends on the specific method (Rosłon-Szeryńska, 2006). The methods so far developed can be placed in a threefold classification: 1. The methods of assessment of the tree stability, based on the laws of biomechanics (Mattheck and Breloer, 1994; Wessolly and Erb, 1998 and others). 2. The methods based on qualitative assessment of the exterior symptoms and structural defects which lead to tree failure (Siewniak and Kusche, 1996 and others). 3. The methods of risk assessment, including safety of people and property protection, popular in the USA (Robbins, 1986; Ellisson, 2005 and others). Though many methods have been developed, and some, like the VTAmethod (Visual Tree Assessment), have gained international renown, it is still believed that there is not one ideal method which would consider all the possible occurrences of tree damage. The visual method of hazard tree assessment 'WID' by Rosłon-Szerynska (2006), was developed in Poland on the basis of a critical analysis of the European and American research between 1951 and 2005, as well as a close study of 261 cases of windfalls and windthrows in Masovia. Likewise the American methods, the WID method focuses on risk assessment. In the development of the method elements of the fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) were used, which aim at THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VISUAL METHOD OF HAZARD TREE ASSESSMENT (WID METHOD) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN TREES


Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) is an attractive class of electrode material to be used in supercapacitor. However, the main chain of PPy prone to rupture in the process of charging and discharging, which results in premature attenuation and decreasing of specific capacitance. The SDS-modified PPy is prepared by the chemical oxidation method for improving specific capacitance of PPy and synthesis conditions are optimized through single factor way. Meanwhile, the optimal conditions are obtained, including the temperature of polymerization (0℃), the time of polymerization (4h), the molar ratio of Py/SDS (nPy:nSDS=4:1) and APS/Py (nAPS:nPy=1.3:1), and the concentration of electrolyte (0.5mol L -1 Na2SO4). A three-electrode cell system is used to evaluate the electrochemical performances of PPy/SDS by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance at room temperature. The results showed that PPy/SDS has higher specific capacitance than that of pure PPy. Besides, the capacity retention rate of PPy/SDS is higher than that of PPy.


Objective To study the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) and the relationship with biological behavior and its clinical significance.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expression of COX-2 in 10 frozen specimens from BTCC ,and 10 frozen specimens of normal bladder tissues obtained from renal transplantation donors.Immunohistochemistry method (Envision method ) was used to detect the expression of COX-2 in 72 cases of BTCC ,and 10 specimens of normal bladder tissues obtained from renal transplantation donors.Furthermore ,the relationship between COX-2 expression level and cancer pathologic parameters was analyzed.Using RT-PCR,all 10 frozen specimens from BTCC were shown to express COX-2mRNA,while only 1 of 10 frozen specimens of normal bladder tissues expressed COX-2mRNA,with significant difference.Using Immunohistochemistry method ,no marked expression of COX-2 was observed in the 10 specimens of normal bladder tissues obtained from renal transplantation donors, while COX-2 protein expression was postive in 72 cases of BTCC,The intensity of COX-2 expression was associated with tumor grade , stage and recurrence.[Conclusion]The abnormal expression of COX-2 in BTCC was closely correlated with the grade , stage and recurrence of tumors.This result suggests that COX-2 may play a key role in the development and progression of BTCC .


Something unique is taking place in the care of older people. Glasgow Caledonian University is planning to set up Europe's first service geared specifically to pooling best evidence and research on nursing older people, so that healthcare professionals throughout the NHS and the private sector can dip into it for ideas.


Animals use their acoustic to monitor their environment and to communicate with other animals of the same species, the so called bioacoustic. Cicada produces sound from the tymbal vibration and air sac. Cicada behavior and bioacoustics have not considerably studied in Indonesia. Thus, the objectives of this research were to analyze (1) the cicada behaviour during calling, (2) the calling characteristic, and (3) the variations of calling frequency between species. The research was carried out at Bogor Botanical Garden and the observation was conducted in the morning and in the afternoon until the dusk. The calling characteristic and frequency were analyzed by using Ravenpro 1.4 and the samples were compared to SINA and Borror bioacoustic database. Cicada was identified at Zoological Museum, Indonesian Institute of Research. Two calling type from different cicadas were characterized. Cicada species 1 was unidentified because it is elusive. Cicadas species 1 began the calling at 7.30 10.30 am. The calling sound of species 1 is not a harmonic sound, echeme duration is 19.3 second, and the peak frequency is 4,749.9 Hz. Based on the cicada bioacoustics database, the characteristic of Species 1 is similar to the cicada in the genus Chremistica. The second species is Dundubia vaginata; it is active at 2.30 – 17.00 pm. The call characteristics of D. vagianata are consisted of two short parts; part A peak frequency is 2,924.5 Hz and part B is 6,250.5 Hz.


ABSTRACT A dual-model method is proposed for correcting the calibration model. In the method, a primary calibration model is built using the spectra of a primary instrument and a correction model is established to describe the ratios between the predicted results from the spectra of different instruments. The prediction for the spectra of secondary instrument can be achieved by correcting the prediction of the primary model. A mathematical proof is described for the existence of the correction model, and the model is investigated using a near-infrared spectroscopic dataset of plant leaf samples measured on two instruments. The results show that a precise correction model is obtained and the model can be used to correct the predictions of the primary model. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and the reference ratios are above 0.9, and the prediction error after the correction is at the same level of the primary model.


Acquiring information about helium ash production and transport is fundamental for future burning plasma devices, such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, since the helium ash must be continuously removed from the plasma to prevent the dilution of the deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel. This diagnostic for future JET DT operation uses charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) in conjunction with the JET neutral heating beam to measure the helium density at 20 radial locations across the JET plasma via the 4686 A He+ line and an array of heated 1 mm quartz fibers. The CXRS diagnostic utilizes a high throughput short focal length spectrometer with f/1.8 input optics, two entrance slits, a holographic transmission grating, and refractive optics. The detector is a thinned back-illuminated charge coupled device that has high quantum efficiency, a 10 MHz readout speed, and a time resolution of 5 ms.


The fluorinase is an enzyme that catalyses the combination of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) and a fluoride ion to generate 5′‐fluorodeoxy adenosine (FDA) and L‐methionine through a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a fluoride ion as the nucleophile. It is the only native fluorination enzyme that has been characterised. The fluorinase was isolated in 2002 from Streptomyces cattleya, and, to date, this has been the only source of the fluorinase enzyme. Herein, we report three new fluorinase isolates that have been identified by genome mining. The novel fluorinases from Streptomyces sp. MA37, Nocardia brasiliensis, and an Actinoplanes sp. have high homology (80–87 % identity) to the original S. cattleya enzyme. They all possess a characteristic 21‐residue loop. The three newly identified genes were overexpressed in E. coli and shown to be fluorination enzymes. An X‐ray crystallographic study of the Streptomyces sp. MA37 enzyme demonstrated that it is almost identical in structure to the original fluorinase. Culturing of the Streptomyces sp. MA37 strain demonstrated that it not only also elaborates the fluorometabolites, fluoroacetate and 4‐fluorothreonine, similar to S. cattleya, but this strain also produces a range of unidentified fluorometabolites. These are the first new fluorinases to be reported since the first isolate, over a decade ago, and their identification extends the range of fluorination genes available for fluorination biotechnology.


Abstract The main task of modern infectious immunology is the elucidation of immunopathogenetic mechanisms of the unfavourable course of the disease. The course of the infectious process caused by the viruses and the microorganisms factors. At the heart of the complicated flow or chronicity of the process is an ineffective immune response that is not able to prevent the dissemination of the virus or the complete elimination of the pathogen from the body, which is the cause of the formation of relapses or chronic course of the disease. In the modern literature, there is evidence that in patients who have suffered from infectious mononucleosis (IM), regardless of the severity of the disease, a secondary immunodeficiency develops, which is the cause of possible bacterial complications. After IM is not always observed update of the immune balance and changes in the hemogram staying for a long time.


Advances in online learning have benefited rural special education teacher preparation programs through increased recruitment, access, and collaboration. This paper describes how additional challenges, such as monitoring teacher candidate use of evidence-based practices, can be addressed through a digital teaching platform. Project REACH online is a freely available website developed under a grant from the U. S. Department of Education. The platform includes information on 67 evidence-based practices and six formative assessments aligned with professional standards. The assessments, designed to further and measure teacher candidate skills, mirror daily classroom tasks, such as planning before instruction and reflection after instruction on the impact on student learning. Assessments are aligned with Common Core Learning Standards and include tasks, such as applying Universal Design for Learning to instructional plans, field-testing reports, and annotating student work. Faculty benefit from the constant stream of formative assessment data at their fingertips. For teacher candidates, the platform provides a vehicle for learning and tracking progress toward goals through surveys, feedback requests, and digital badges. The platform increases interactions among teacher candidates, graduates, and faculty and extends collaboration to content experts and school partners. Preliminary research suggests that teacher candidates report variance in efficacy for teaching students with disabilities related to their program, general or special education. Data may be helpful in revising courses and program sequences to foster greater teacher efficacy and abilities to use evidence-based practices to ensure all students in inclusive settings learn.


Firstly, this paper makes analyses on the geographical visualization and mapping functionality in GIS software which have some shortcomings. So, the idea of geographical information cartographic representation is presented to improve the quality of the geographical information visualization and to satisfy rules of traditional cartography. The digital cartographic representation, which tries to make a model of the mapping procedure based on traditional cartographic knowledge, creates a template-mapping model for cartographic symbols. This template-mapping model achieves the transformation from cartographic specifications to products. Meanwhile, it can well consider characteristics of respective geographical feature, the relations between this feature and other features, the relations between this feature and cartographic region. These three kinds of relations are described with quantity parameters which can be used to map a symbol template to a symbol instance responding to some one geographical feature. With this template-mapping model for cartographic symbol, we can visualize the respective feature's property in detail and improve the quality of geographical visualization. Hydrology and transportation features are taken as two examples to verify the availability of this cartographic representation model. * Corresponding author


OBJECTIVE Summarizing the applications of Hydroxypropyl cellulose in pharmaceutical preparations,in order to promote the development of this research.METHODS Consulting relevant literatures and making analysis and summary. RESULTS Hydroxypropyl cellulose is extensively used in tablets,capsules,mucous membrane adhesion preparation,sustained or controlled release preparation,and film coating,etc.CONCLUSION Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a pharmaceutical necessity with good properties,extensive applications and bright prospects.


Carp is one of the most widely cultivated warm water fish, which has been introduced into many countries. It is essential for the manager of a carp farm to know the production costs and their evolution, showing the main inputs on which the cost reduction is worth effort. In Iran, carp farming is mainly based on common carp, silver carp, grass carp, and bighead carp, which were often reared in poly culture. Carp farming production reached a peak in 2006 with production of more than 77,000 tones. The characteristics of the carp farming industry in the main fish farming provinces, (overall more than 90% of total carp production) are considerably different. In years 1996 and 2001, a study of yield production, factor costs and profitability of farmed carp was carried out to help clarify carp production costs and their difference between the provinces. 153 farms in 1996 and 101 farms in 2001, overall, a total of 254 farms from the main carp farming provinces, including; Guilan, Mazandaran and Khuzestan were randomly selected, classified and studied. Results showed that the various producer provinces have different cost structures. Overall, feed and fertilizer with the highest level of variation accounted for 45% of total costs in 1996, declined to 23% in 2001. However, on average, cost of seed and labor increased from 7% and 10% to 23% and 17% of total costs over the 1996 and 2001, respectively. On average, benefit-cost ratio and the rate of farm income were closely related to location suggesting that farmers practiced more efficiently and have better conditions in Guilan in 1996, resulting in higher farm income per ha and per kg, changing to better conditions and more efficient by Mazandaran province in 2001. Overall, in the three main provinces, rate of farm income from an average of 20% in 1996, declined to 12% in 2001.


A modern overview of flexibility and stretching osteology and arthrology contractile components of muscle - limiting factors of flexibility connective tissue - limiting factor of flexibility mechanical and dynamic properties of soft tissues the neurophysiology of flexibility - neural anatomy and neural physiology hypermobility of the joint relaxation muscular soreness - aetiology and consequences special factors in flexibility social facilitation and psychology in developing flexibility stretching concepts types and varieties of stretching mobilization, joint play, manipulations, and chiropractic adjustment controversial stretches stretching and special populations anatomy and flexibility of the lower extremity and pelvic girdle anatomy and flexibility of the vertebral column anatomy and flexibility of the upper extremity functional aspects of stretching and flexibility.


In this paper, the content of the fluoride in 8 species tea, different places of Ginkgo Biloba and Lonicera Japonica Thunb has determined by the fluoride-selective electrode method. The results obtained showed that there were the considerable differents of the content of the fluoride in different species tea. The content of the fluoride in different places of Ginkgo Biloba , according to the order from high to low as follow: leafbutt flesh of fruit≈ peel. The 5.2 μg/g of fluoride in the Lonicera Japonica Thunb was determined also.


Significance Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a key signaling molecule that plays important roles in embryonic patterning, cell differentiation, and organ development. Although fundamentally important, the molecular mechanisms that regulate secretion of newly synthesized Shh are still unclear. Our study reveals a role for the cargo receptor, SURF4, in facilitating export of Shh from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via a ER export signal. In addition, our study provides evidence suggesting that proteoglycans promote the dissociation of SURF4 from Shh at the Golgi, suggesting a SURF4-to-proteoglycan relay mechanism. These analyses provide insight into an important question in cell biology: how do cargo receptors capture their clients in one compartment, then disengage at their destination?


Currently biomimetic tribology study shows that high performance surface texture can achieve good friction, anti-adhesion and improve the wear resistance, which brings a new research direction for tool antifriction technology. The orthogonal cutting tests of surface micro-groove cutting tool in machining titanium alloy were presented. Different types of micro-grooves were made using laser in the rake face of uncoated tungsten carbide cutting inserts. Dry with no lubricant and minimal quantity lubricant (MQL) were used as lubrication conditions. Cutting force and cutting temperature were measured and compared. It was found that under MQL condition the surface micro-grooves could effectively improve the friction status between the tool and chip, thereby reducing cutting force and cutting temperature, and also reduce cutting temperature under no lubricant condition. The micro-grooves paralleling with cutting edge had the best effect in three types of micro-grooves.


The present invention discloses a line fault current temperature indicator, including a host, open type three phase line current and temperature sensors as well as an open-type ground current sensor, equipped with a host master chip; phase current and ground current and temperature sensor sensors are equipped with analog to digital conversion module, three-phase line current and temperature sensors were installed in the card body of a three-phase cable of the cable, the ground current sensor mounted on the card-phase cable bus; the main chip for measuring sensor Compare the current temperature current or preset value obtained when the value reaches the preset value, the main chip judged alarm type, an alarm is generated and recorded into the alarm state. The present invention is capable of real-time monitoring of the cable current, temperature, and fast, accurate indication, transmitting fault signal, remote, telemetry functions.


Finite element method is used to analyze the mechanics states of the old asphalt concrete overlay when the anti cracking interlayer is placed, which is emphasized on the shear stress and the deflection difference at the joints between two slab edges induced by vehicle loads. Two kinds of model is set up based on the difference of interlayer characteristics and two kinds of element is employed in calculation. The influence caused by the variation of interlayer module and other parameters is also analyzed. The shearing reduced factor and deflection difference reduced factor is presented to reflect the effect of anti cracking interlayer in quantity.


People's daily life is increasingly intertwined with smart devices, which are more and more used in dynamic contexts. Therefore, searching and exploiting the wealth of information produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) require novel models, including a representation of the actual context of use. The definition of context is inherently difficult, due to the variety of application scenarios and user needs. In this article, we propose a general model for devices' contexts representing context components at different resolutions (or levels of granularity). This enables the definition of a multiresolution context-based algorithm for querying the IoT, according to given preferences and contexts that can be tightened or relaxed depending on the given application goal. Experimental results show how the proposed approach outperforms traditional solutions by increasing the retrieval of relevant results while keeping precision under control.


PURPOSE: A conveyor for sludge drying is provided to obtain perfect dehydrated state by drying the sludge lumping to disjoint, and to dry the in / outside of the sludge at the same time by drying by heat and far infrared rays. CONSTITUTION: The conveyor for sludge drying includes: a tunnel type conveyor body(1) in which filtering plate(12), which is for flowing in the sludge by spreading to the fixed thickness, is formed and separated to a heating part(10) and a drying part(11); a mesh conveyor(2) which is installed in both side inside the conveyor body and operates by the driving of motor and chain gears(4)(4'); a plurality of heating plates(5) which are installed in the upper/lower part of the heating part in the regular interval and dries the sludge; and a fan(6) which is installed between the heating part and the drying part and discharges the heat and steam and cools the sludge. The rotor, which spreads the sludge lumping, is installed in the middle part of the heating part.


High-precision space inertial sensors are one of the most important payloads in satellite Earth's gravity measurement and space-based gravitational wave detection due to their extremely high sensitivity. However, seismic noise affects its terrestrial-based performance validation, so that it is very significant to develop low frequency horizontal vibration isolation system to suppress the impact of seismic noise. In this article, a horizontal active vibration isolation bench for terrestrial-based investigation of space accelerometer is developed, on which the motion in three dimensions is monitored by two tri-axis seismometers and actively controlled by three voice coil motors. The principle and potential performance of this bench are theoretically analyzed and estimated in details. The experimental result shows that the bench can achieve high vibration isolation performance in horizontal translation direction. The residual horizontal vibration noise of this bench due to seismic can be suppressed by about 40 dB at 0.35 Hz. Finally, the potential of this design as a vibration pre-isolation stage to investigate the performance of the inertial sensors dedicated to satellite gravity measurement and space gravitational wave detection is discussed.


The article considers the main positions of the "Repair reform" in the sphere of civil liability, as well as their impact on the auto insurance in general. Since the entry of these amendments to the FL № 40 "Compulsory insurance of civil liability" has passed 1 year, which allows analyzing the judgments' truth in the study. The fact is that initially auto insurance system has stable regressive tendencies, which have a detrimental effect on organizational moments in the systems of technical inspection and restoration repair. In order to solve the accumulated problems in a strategic way, amendments to the legislation called "Repair reform" were developed. However, many experts are convinced that these decisions won't allow to completely exclude the decades of corruption schemes. In this study, some of the most pressing issues asked to the "Repair reform" are put on the agenda, and the risks of applying its positions in practice are assessed. In the detailed analysis it becomes clear that the main problems has not decided by these innovations, but expand the already broad powers of insurance companies in the field of transport security-control of the policies of the civil liability, control of diagnostic (technical inspection), control of rehabilitation repair procedures (added by "Repair reform").


From the Publisher:
Fun with Digital Imaging The Official Hewlett-Packard Guide Unleash Your Creativity Put your computer equipment to work—or play—with dozens of fun, practical projects for home or work. Whether you have a PC or a Mac, lots of extra equipment (printer, scanner, digital camera) or none, Lisa and Jonathan Price reveal all the tricks and techniques you need to create dazzling digital images.
*Start from scratch—learn about the different imaging software packages, from Disney's Print Studio to Microsoft Paint to Adobe Photoshop
*Master the art of digital photography
*Find out tricks for getting sharper picture scans
*Download the images you need right from the Web
*Discover the secrets behind commercial-quality photographs—or photo manipulation 101!
*Select the best papers and supplies for top-notch prints, banners, labels, or postcards
*E-mail crisp, colorful invitations to your next get-together
*Jazz up business cards and newsletters with photos and graphics
*Post some of your favorite projects on your Web site
*Get troubleshooting advice in a special chapter direct from HP's technical support labFrom winning marketing materials to family trees to garden plans, this all-in-one reference and activity book delivers tons of ideas to spark your creativity.


As teachers are one of the vital elements in learners' success in second language (L2) learning process, research on them seems necessary in L2 educational settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a statistically significant difference between predictability of Iranian EFL teachers' emotional quotient (EQ) and sense of plausibility with their sense of classroom management. To this end, a sample of 120 (60 female and 60 male) experienced EFL teachers were selected at different schools and language institutes in Qazvin, Iran. Then three standardized questionnaires were administered to all participants, including the attitudes and beliefs on classroom control (ABCC) Inventory, teachers' sense of plausibility to language teaching pedagogy, and emotional intelligence (EQ). Next, standard multiple regression analysis was utilized to probe the research question. The results revealed that EFL teachers' sense of plausibility was a more statistically significant predictor of teachers' sense of classroom management rather than their EQ. The findings of the present study have implications for L2 teacher education and teacher training programs.


Objective:To explore the curative effect of transurethral vaporization electro-prostatectomy(TUVP).Methods:Two hundred and eighteen cases with BPH were treated by TUVP.Results:The TUVP was successful.The average operating time was 45min.The mean weight of prostate resected was 35g and the reduction of IPSS was 14.0 point.The peak flow of urine increased to 19.0ml/s.The patients were followed up 6 to 12 months,no serious complication occurred.Conclusions:The TUVP is safe and effective with less complication.


Background: Appendicitis before age 20 years has been observed to influence the risk of several inflammatory conditions, possibly through underlying immunological mechanisms. Inflammation has further been suggested to be involved in prostate cancer development. We therefore hypothesized that immunological characteristics signaled by appendicitis before late adolescence might influence the risk of later prostate cancer, and aimed to evaluate this association in a population-based study. Methods: We identified a large cohort of Swedish men who underwent assessment for military conscription around the age of 18 years (n = 242,573). Medical diagnoses at time of conscription were available through the Swedish Military Conscription Register. The Swedish Cancer Register was used to identify diagnoses of prostate cancer. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to estimate HR and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between appendicitis and prostate cancer. Results: During a median of 36.7 years of follow-up, 1,684 diagnoses of prostate cancer occurred. We found a statistically significant association between appendicitis and overall prostate cancer (adjusted HR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.08–2.67). The risk was notably increased for advanced (HR 4.42; 95% CI, 1.74–11.22) and lethal (HR 8.95; 95% CI, 2.98–26.91) prostate cancer. Conclusions: These results suggest that a diagnosis of appendicitis before adulthood potentially signals underlying immune characteristics and a pattern of inflammatory response relevant to prostate cancer risk. Impact: The study lends support to the proposed role of inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis, and adds another area of investigation potentially relevant to prostate cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 660–4. ©2018 AACR.


Familial occurrence of cerebral aneurysms is rare. About 80 families affected by these lesions have been reported in the international literature to date. The authors describe three members of a family presenting intracranial aneurysms without other congenital associated anomalies. Clinico-pathological features, with regard to the possibility of an early and a more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach, are presented and discussed in the light of the available literature on this topic.


Record of Bragg grating by a single 17-ns pulse of ArF excimer laser in an anisotropic optical fiber with elliptical stress cladding is demonstrated. Results of visualization of fiber Bragg gratings induced in this type of birefringent optical fiber are presented.


In this paper we obtain Frenet frame by schmidt orthogonalization method and discuss the direction of three fundamental vectors in Frenet frame.


The Scholander–Hammel pressure bomb has been used to measure ontogenetic and seasonal changes in π0 (the osmotic pressure of the symplasm at zero water potential), πp (the osmotic pressure of the s...


The aim of this research is Investigation to present a conceptual model to demonstrate the effects of electronic banking services on banks' performance with balanced scorecard (BSC) approach and scoring the criteria of ebanking services using fuzzy TOPSIS method. Today, one of the biggest challenges (yet opportunities) with which organizations are dealt is the use of modern technologies to provide their customers with high quality services. Among other organizations, banks have succeeded to utilize such technologies within the framework of e-banking to supply their customers with fast yet secure, high quality services which are now more of a necessity rather than an advantage. In terms of its objectives, this is an applied research which is conducted via a descriptive – survey methodology. Required information are gathered via library and field studies. Quantitative data is collected via questionnaire distribution. Collected data is analyzed via BSC approach followed by a scoring process undertaken by fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy AHP methods leading to output results. E-banking criteria studied in this research included ease, usefulness, stability, security, fastness, reliability and attractiveness of using systems providing banking services, advertisement, and variety of provided services, all of which have contributions into the bank performance. The research results indicated the ease criterion to have the highest score among other criteria, followed by security, fastness, stability, attractiveness, reliability, usefulness, advertisement, and variety of provided services, respectively. Furthermore, the following order of scores was found when the criteria were financially investigated: fastness, ease, usefulness, security, attractiveness, advertisement, variety of provided services, and reliability. In addition, the following order of scores was found from the customer perspective: ease, fastness, usefulness, security, stability, attractiveness, advertisement, variety of provided services, and reliability. When internal processes were concerned, the following order of scores was obtained: fastness, ease, stability, security, usefulness, attractiveness, variety of provided services, and reliability. Finally, when growth and learning aspect was considered, the criteria were found to have the following order of priorities in terms of scores: fastness, ease, usefulness, security, reliability, attractiveness, advertisement, stability, and variety of provided services.


Although the most common orbital disease is thyroid orbitopathy, neoplasia accounts for one fifth of orbital patients. Most orbital tumours tend to present in a sub-acute to chronic fashion, but some malignant neoplastic disorders may present acutely and must be ruled out quickly. Displacement of the globe is the main orbital tumour symptom, and a complete ocular examination should be done including exophthalmometry. Ancillary tests are useful in orbital disease diagnosis. Computed tomography is the main orbital imaging technique, and allows the clinician to distinguish between solid and cystic lesions, evaluate size and location, and suspect malignancy. Bone destruction indicates aggressive neoplasia, while moulding indicates slow-growing benign tumours. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in studying the orbital apex and soft tissues. Clinical and imaging suspicions are usually confirmed by orbital biopsy. The main orbital tumour categories include lymphoma, vascular tumours, epithelial lacrimal gland tumours, neural tumours and metastases. Cavernous haemangioma is the most common benign orbital tumour in adults and can be seen as a well-circumscribed ovoid orbital mass occupying the intraconal space. A downward and nasal displacement of the eye is seen in lacrimal gland tumours. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common, and it should be excised intact without previous biopsy due to the risk of malignant transformation. Most orbital metastases present as painful and rapidly growing unilateral and solitary masses.


Background About 4000 reindeer die each year in traffic, causing significant costs. This study investigated the acceptability of a real-time reindeer warning service and its potential impacts on driver behaviour, foresight and traffic safety. Methods Professional heavy goods vehicle drivers participating in the field test on two main roads in Northern Finland received real time warnings based on sightings of reindeer on or near the road. The information was provided by the same group of drivers and a group of reindeer herders. The warning system was a simple smart phone application and was designed to be easy to use. When a driver saw reindeer near the road, he touched a circle on the screen of a smart phone installed in their vehicle, sending the warning to all nearby drivers using the application. The warnings were in effect within an area of radius 500 m from the initial warning for the following 2–4 hours. Results The impacts of the service were evaluated by driver questionnaires and interviews. The drivers were interviewed twice, after about 6 and 12 months use of the service. 23 drivers participated in the interviews. In addition, also driving companies, reindeer herders and other stakeholders and experts were interviewed. The majority of drivers assessed the service useful. They especially liked the possibility to foresee unexpected situations. Drivers valued service simplicity. It was estimated that, if installed in every vehicle, the service could lead to a decrease in reindeer accidents by 9.7–17.8%, corresponding to a reduction of 395–725 accidents annually. Regarding all injury accidents in the area, the service was estimated to cause a reduction of 0.76–1.52% corresponding to 2–4 injury accidents annually. Conclusions The service worked well and was well received by its users. The results of the trial were promising.


The nitride layer was formed on the surface of ductile cast iron by gas multi-element penetration, and the phase structure and section appearance of nitride layer were analyzed by the XRD and SEM. The results show that the surface of the material treated by gas multi-element penetration forms the white layer in a short time,which is composed of Fe_2N and Fe_3N, diffusion layer is composed of iron nitride and carbide. So the corrosion resistance of the material improves obviously.


Iron metabolism can directly or indirectly affect the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. This meta‐analysis and systematic review aimed to analyze the association between serum iron metabolism indicators and type 2 diabetes.


The digital age has witnessed a remarkable transformation in content creation, propelling it to the pinnacle of its popularity. This research paper explores the phenomenon of Content Creation 2.0, a paradigm shift where everyone becomes a producer and consumer of content. It delves into the changing landscape of content creation, highlighting how advancements in technology, the rise of the internet, and the influence of social media have reshaped the way individuals engage with and produce content. The paper showcases how content creation has evolved from being a mere hobby to a viable career option, offering financial potential that rivals traditional jobs. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the reasons why an increasing number of individuals are choosing, or even compelled, to become content creators in the next 5 to 10 years. Supported by statistical evidence, the paper examines the benefits and drawbacks of a world where everyone is a producer and consumer of content, exploring the democratization of voices, the personalization of content, and the creative empowerment that arises from this shift. Ethical considerations and the future trends in content creation are also discussed, shedding light on the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. By examining the transformation of content creation and the compelling reasons behind the rise of content creators, this research paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Content Creation 2.0 and its impact on individuals, society, and the digital landscape at large


The paper summarized emergency rescue and nursing of 72 patients drown in sea water before hospitalization. The rescue success rate of patients drown in sea water can be improved by keeping air way open on the scene, cleaning sand, grass and vomit from patient'ss mouth and nasal cavity, removing water, using 706 plasm or dextran instead of saline which causes the condensation of blood, good psychological nursing on the spot and emphasizing the combined injury caused by wave'ss striking and transportation transfer emergency nursing.


This review summarises the emerging researchand knowledge, key themes and principlessurrounding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islandercultural perspectives and concepts of healing andsocial and emotional wellbeing as they relate tosuicide prevention. These discussions will supportLifeline to enhance and refine their existingknowledge and practices to promote culturallyresponsive suicide prevention services for Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander peoples. This reviewexplores the importance of the delivery of stafftraining programs to achieve this along with externaltraining and program development for Lifelineservices, including the telephone crisis line,Online Chat and emerging Crisis Text. Adoptingan Indigenous research approach, this reviewprioritises Indigenous knowledge of healing andwellbeing and provides examples of culturallyappropriate and effective practices.


While focusing on the no power electronic-dog,the article designs the dynamic tree-bus topology structure which use link,adopting the standard of RS-485 and putting forward LAN pattern saved and transferred by group according to its priority,which make the network be a new outstanding network structure in its reliability,real time,expansibility,hardware interconversion and breakdown diagnose.


Submitted to the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Science in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science


In the present study, the silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using pakhoi (p), a traditional alcoholic beverage popularly used in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand that has been known to possess significant antimicrobial activity properties. Different physicochemical techniques were used to characterize p-Ag NPs. The results confirm the synthesis of crystalline p-Ag NPs having a nearly spherical shape with a net positive charge. Further, p-Ag NPs exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Gram -ve bacteria. Moreover, a detailed study will be beneficial to understanding and exploiting the biomedical application and environmental remediation activity of the p-Ag NPs.


Understanding how habitat fragmentation affects individual species is complicated by challenges associated with quantifying species‐specific habitat and spatial variability in fragmentation effects within a species' range. We aggregated a 29‐year breeding survey data set for the endangered marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) from >42,000 forest sites throughout the Pacific Northwest (Oregon, Washington, and northern California) of the United States. We built a species distribution model (SDM) in which occupied sites were linked with Landsat imagery to quantify murrelet‐specific habitat and then used occupancy models to test the hypotheses that fragmentation negatively affects murrelet breeding distribution and that these effects are amplified with distance from the marine foraging habitat toward the edge of the species' nesting range. Murrelet habitat declined in the Pacific Northwest by 20% since 1988, whereas the proportion of habitat comprising edges increased by 17%, indicating increased fragmentation. Furthermore, fragmentation of murrelet habitat at landscape scales (within 2 km of survey stations) negatively affected occupancy of potential breeding sites, and these effects were amplified near the range edge. On the coast, the odds of occupancy decreased by 37% (95% confidence interval [CI] –54 to 12) for each 10% increase in edge habitat (i.e., fragmentation), but at the range edge (88 km inland) these odds decreased by 99% (95% CI 98 to 99). Conversely, odds of murrelet occupancy increased by 31% (95% CI 14 to 52) for each 10% increase in local edge habitat (within 100 m of survey stations). Avoidance of fragmentation at broad scales but use of locally fragmented habitat with reduced quality may help explain the lack of murrelet population recovery. Further, our results emphasize that fragmentation effects can be nuanced, scale dependent, and geographically variable. Awareness of these nuances is critical for developing landscape‐level conservation strategies for species experiencing broad‐scale habitat loss and fragmentation.


1. We expressed a novel 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor (SRL) in Xenopus oocytes and monitored cytosolic Ca2+ through the endogenous Ca(2+)‐dependent Cl‐ channel activity using the double electrode voltage‐clamp technique. 2. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT; 200 nM) led to an initial rapid oscillatory current followed by a pronounced secondary one, which lasted long after 5‐HT wash‐out (20‐40 min) and was not affected by the receptor antagonist yohimbine. 3. Both phases of the current were abolished by heparin demonstrating a key role for IP3‐induced Ca2+ release. 4. Caffeine (10 mM) alone did not evoke a current but reduced both phases of the current evoked by 5‐HT. Ryanodine had no effect. No evidence for Ca(2+)‐induced Ca2+ release was found. 5. The secondary current activated by 5‐HT was sensitive to changes in extracellular Ca2+, suggesting it was evoked by Ca2+ influx. Reducing external Na+ did not affect this current, demonstrating that it was rather specific for Ca2+. 6. The Ca2+ influx pathway was much more sensitive to Cd2+ than other divalent ions (Co2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). It was insensitive to verapamil. 7. Injection of D‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate, 3‐deoxy‐3‐fluoro (IP3‐F; an analogue not metabolized to D‐myo‐inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate (IP4)), evoked either an oscillatory current or a rapid current followed by a sustained secondary one. The latter was sensitive to external Ca2+ and was blocked by Cd2+. Heparin dramatically reduced the IP3‐F‐evoked current. 8. Perfusion in Ca(2+)‐free solution, once a secondary current had been generated, significantly decreased the amount of intracellular Ca2+ mobilized by 5‐HT, indicating that the Ca2+ influx pathway plays an important role in pool refilling. 9. Block of Ca2+ influx by Cd2+ in cells that were oscillating transiently increased the amplitude and then either abolished the oscillations or made them irregular. This effect was also elicited by increasing external Ca2+. 10. These results demonstrate that 5‐HT, acting via IP3, both releases Ca2+ from internal stores and evokes a pronounced Ca2+ influx. This last step is activated by pool depletion and is important for both refilling of the agonist‐sensitive stores and modifying the oscillatory pattern.


The decays τ → 3π+ντ are analyzed at one loop order in the framework of Generalized Chiral Perturbation Theory, in order to test the sensitivity to the size of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking parameters, contained in the S-wave. The latter, due to a kinematical suppression, at threshold, of the P-wave, is relatively large enough to be detectable at high energy machines, through azimuthal left-right asymmetries. This quantity (for the πππ mode), integrated from threshold to Q = 0.35 GeV, varies from (17±3)% in the standard case of large condensate up to (40±5)% in the extreme case of tiny condensate. The feasibility of such measurement at high luminosity colliders (e.g. CLEO) is discussed. This method provides a completely independent cross-check of forthcoming experimental determination of the quark condensate, based on low energy ππ scattering.


The double-orbit graph is a generalization of vertex transitive graphs, which
 contains many classic network models. Conditional edge-connectivity is an
 important index to measure the fault-tolerance and reliability of the
 networks. In this paper, we characterize the super-?(2) double-orbit graphs
 with two orbits of the same size. Moreover, we give a sufficient condition for
 regular double-orbit graphs to be ?(3)-optimal, and characterize super- ?(3)
 regular double-orbit graphs.


First experimental results from a room-temperature table-top phase-sensitive axion haloscope experiment are presented. A dual-mode configuration exploits the axion-photon coupling, which serves as a source of frequency modulation in microwave cavity resonances, offering a new pathway to axion detection with certain advantages over the traditional haloscope method. A tunable copper cavity supports orthogonally polarized microwave modes, enabling simultaneous sensitivity to axions with masses corresponding to the sum and difference of the microwave frequencies. The results place axion exclusion limits between 11.6 19.4 neV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above ∼ 5×10−7 1/GeV, and simultaneously place limits between 74.45 74.46 μeV at ∼ 2×10−3 1/GeV, after a measurement period of two hours. We show that, in some frequency ranges, a cryogenic implementation of this technique, ambitious but realizable, may reach axion model limits.


One of the popular symbols of the Resurrection in early Christian Egypt was the composition with Lazarus. The subject of «The Raising of Lazarus» is based on the text of the Gospel by John (John 11.1-45). From the very beginning the earliest depictions of Lazarus appear in the paintings of the catacombs, and then on the sarcophagi and items of applied art. As a rule, they are associated with the funeral context and go back to two iconographic traditions: the Greco-Roman and the Near Eastern.


In the present paper, symmetric matrix eigenvalue problems with nonlinear dependence on the spectral parameter on an interval of the real line are studied. To compute eigenvalues, method of spectrum division is proposed and investigated. This method is based on the triangular factorization and Silvester theorem on inertia.


The paper describes recent results of theoretical and experimental studies of the FEM-oscillator driven by linac LIU-3000 0.8 MeV / 200 A / 200 ns. At the present stage efficient operation of the JINR-IAP FEM has been demonstrated at 30 GHz / 15 MW and 60 GHz / 5 MW powers. Project of multimegawatt power 90 GHz FEM is in progress currently. The key components of the FEM are short period tapered wiggler, which is responsible for high-quality helical electron beam formation, and advanced Bragg resonator based on coupling of propagating and quasi-cutoff waves that improves selectivity over transverse coordinates and allows advance of FEM into short wavelengths.


Hybrid assembly systems, especially systems incorporating direct humanrobot interaction, can help to solve the conflict between flexibility and productivity in industrial assembly. A comprehensive simulation of such systems could enable a more widespread application. In this contribution, a review of proposed methods for the simulation of these systems is conducted. Based on identified shortcomings, a new multi-stage approach is derived. The methodology is implemented on simulation studies for the major forms of human-robot interaction in an assembly scenario. Suitable alternatives for the simulation method and the modelling for human and robot behaviour as well as their applicability with regard to the simulation goals are discussed.


In this article, the subject of research is methods for calculating active power losses in electric power overhead lines, taking into account the temperature dependence of active resistances. An analytical approach based on the Ferrari method for calculating the wire temperature and active power losses under conditions of forced convection is proposed and substantiated in detail. The peculiarity of the approach is universality, which is expressed in the fact that the developed mathematical model allows us to consider non-insulated and insulated wires on power transmission lines from a single position. The results of calculating the temperature and active power losses by the proposed method, the least squares method and the iterative method are presented. The high accuracy of the coincidence of the results obtained by various methods is noted.


This research was aimed to analyze translation strategies in the Quran. The content analysis method with the qualitative approach used in the research. The data in this study are words, phrases, sentences in the text of the translation of the ayahs of the Glorious Qur'an surah Albaqarah ayah 1 to ayah 286. The procedure applied in the analysis of the data is the inductive model procedure. The development model of the rhetorical strategies used by Toulmin model. The results showed the model development strategies IV (G.W. B aC). The other model used the alternative model. It is another model appeared aside from what Toulmin has given, W. B aC. Model W. B aC is used as much as 7 times or of 17.5%. The next strategy model that also is a widely used is alternative models W.B. Q aC and the model V is used 5 times (12.5%). Next is the model of strategy III (Ground + Warrant aClaim), used four times or by 10% and the model I (Ground aClaim), model II (Ground-n an-Claim), model W aC, and model W. R aC each used 1 time or amounting to 2.5%. All of the claims are expressed using complex rhetorical strategies. A claim supported by more than one fact either parallel or not parallel. There are few facts and data (ground), reinforced with a justification or validation data (warrant), reinforced again with power support (backing support) to strengthen one or more than one claim.


This project has been performed as a thesis work in the final year of an MSc Programme in Chemical Engineering with specialisation in Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering. The work has been don ...


Within EU approval policies, most dispersant ecotoxicity testing considers lethal concentrations for marine adult species, overlooking the embryotoxicological effects. Here we studied the ecotoxicity of two commercial dispersant formulations (dispersant A and B) on the embryogenesis of the ascidian Ciona robusta. Embryotoxicity and phenotypic alterations stated that dispersant B resulted more toxic than A (EC50 value of 44.30 and 160 μg mL−1, respectively) and induced severe larvae malformations at lower concentrations. Furthermore, the analysis of genes involved in different cellular response pathways indicated that those belonging to biotransformation were upregulated by dispersant A treatment, likely related to the presence of hydrocarbons. Instead, dispersant B induced cas8 gene downregulation, probably as a result of the prolonged exposure to mixture components. Our preliminary findings support the use of the C. robusta embryotoxicity test as a valuable tool for dispersant approval procedures, by providing sub-lethal responses on marine invertebrates closely related to vertebrates.


At expert forsayt-session "Demanded Competences of the Industry media-2030" which organizers were the Moscow control center "Skolkovo" and "Agency of strategic initiatives", and participants employers of the sphere of mass media and show business, representatives of the sphere of professional education in September, 2014 were stated ideas that in the modern world in the conditions of new technological decisions, development of new information and communication technologies there is a need for training of such expert in the field of media technologies who will be able to work and in digital version of the image, both with the text, and with a sound, collecting, compiling content. According to organizers and participants of forsayt-session, training of some experts, for example, creating original texts is represented irrelevant: new professions are assumed the most demanded in the short term: selector of content, mediator for people machine systems, developers of media robots, media and police officer, game-master, engineer-historian, info-stilist, leader of opinions. Also "cards of the future" of the industry of media were constructed; new working tasks, arising in branch are defined; the list of recommendations about updating of programs of vocational training is created.


Editor – I fully endorse the conclusion of Paradis and Whitehead that learners should not be expected to be 'catalysts for systems change', as they write in their article on the lack of consideration of power and conflict in studies on interprofessional education (IPE). However, I don't recognise that many of my colleagues (educators and practising health professionals) are working 'on the assumption that changes leading to improved collaboration will occur once the "correct" approach to IPE is discovered', as stated in the accompanying commentary. Those of us who have been working in this field for many years have always advocated for change throughout the health system, both preand post-qualification. Students (who are of course not the only learners) may learn that interprofessional practice is necessary, but may subsequently find themselves in clinical placements in contexts in which such practice is not explicit or is infrequently observed; the hidden curriculum comes into play. Although the IPE literature referring to 'learners' may be lean in relation to power, the interprofessional and health service literature is more likely to discuss such issues informed mainly by sociological perspectives (see, for instance, Kitto et al., Nugus et al. and Leathard).


Internet security and stability are topics we keep returning to in this journal. So far we have mainly focused on technologies that protect systems from unauthorized access and ensure that data in transit over wired or wireless networks cannot be intercepted. We have discussed security-enhanced versions of many of the Internet core protocols, including the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and the Domain Name System (DNS). You can find all these articles by visiting our Website and referring to our index files. All back issues continue to be available in both HTML and PDF formats. In this issue, Wesley Eddy explains a vulnerability in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in which a sender can overwhelm a receiver by sending a large number of SYN protocol exchanges. This form of Denial of Service attack, known as SYN Flooding, was first reported in 1996, and researchers have developed several solutions to combat the problem.


Clostridium botulinum, type Cβ was identified as the causative organism in an epornitic which occurred on a tidal estuary in New Jersey. Approximately 1,000 individuals of twelve species representing five families of birds were intoxicated. Muskrats and killifish were also affected. Seven species previously unreported as affected by botulinus intoxication were recorded. The role of the food web in the epizootiology of botulinus intoxication and the intraspecific relationship between the killifish and Least Terns in the continuance of the outbreak is discussed.


This paper presents a proposed m-NVSSLMS (Modified New Variable Step Size Least Mean Square) based adaptive control for a single stage, 3P3W (Three Phase Three Wire) grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed m-NVSSLMS control has fast convergence, good DC offset rejection, less oscillations and swift dynamic response. Moreover, the fundamental active current component of the load is extricated using this control strategy to generate the reference grid currents for DC-AC converter. This proposed control addresses multifold power quality functions such as grid currents balancing, harmonics minimisation and power factor correction. The solar PV power is extracted using InC (Incremental Conductance) based MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technique, which feeds the real power to the load and surplus power is infused into the grid. The dynamic results of proposed system is affirmed into the MATLAB\Simulink environment. An experimental prototype is realised in the laboratory to validate the proposed control. Test results show satisfactory responses under various dynamic conditions such as varying solar irradiation levels, load unbalancing. The total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the grid currents are observed well within the IEEE-519 standard.


The mean field theory for the pure Ising fluid was recently extended to binary mixtures of an Ising and a van der Waals fluid. Depending on the relative interaction strengths, their three dimensional phase diagrams show lines of tricritical consolute and plait points, lines of critical end points and magnetic consolute point lines. Our current efforts are to compare these mean field results with different Monte Carlo simulation techniques, investigating both first order (liquid-vapor and demixing) and second order (paramagneticferromagnetic) phase transitions. We show the resulting ρ, T phase diagrams of the pure Ising fluid for different magnetic interaction strengths R and constant pressure cross-sections of the x, T, p phase diagrams of Ising mixtures for different relative interaction strengths. The methods we have used include Gibbs Ensemble MC, Multihistogram Reweighting, Hyper-parallel Tempering, the cumulant intersection method and the newly developed Density of States MC technique.


is hardly able to muster the evidence, however. The campaign planning of General Wever outlined on pp. 152-3 is hardly a strategic campaign, but rather a campaign of operational interdiction. But why the terminological straitjacket? The seizing of the initiative and gaining of air superiority, followed by making life easier for the ground forces by refusing enemy reserves access to the battle areas, would seem to add a wholly new sense to the word 'strategic'. Corum, moreover, tries to enhance the achievments of the Luftwaffe through the belittling of other air forces. This exercise is not altogether successful, not least because he makes too many mistakes about these air forces. It is simply not true that the RAF had no knowledge of night flying and had only a doctrine for strategic bombing (p. 223). During the Battle of Britain the RAF, through fighter command, consistently operated according to its doctrine which can hardly be said about the Luftwaffe. To imply that the outcome of the battle is irrelevant as a factor in judging the relative quality of the RAF versus the Luftwaffe is a remarkable conclusion. At this comparative level the book is full of errors and dubious assumptions. It seems that the author's knowledge is strictly limited to the Luftwaffe. When he writes about anything else he is too often at odds with established facts. And when he interprets his facts politically, he demonstrates limited ability to contextualize. The major weakness of the book, however, is much more serious. The Luftwaffe is remarkably apologetic in tone. Luftwaffe leaders were not Nazi, and hardly anything that the organization did was wrong. Thus the bombing of Guernica is dismissed: relying on an obscure source to justify his number of only 300 fatal casualties, Corum contends (p. 199), 'As in so many wars, the 300 dead civilians of Guernica had not been deliberately targeted, but had unfortunately found themselves in the way of a military operation.' With one sweeping sentence the issue of morality is thus reduced to a matter of semantics. Certainly no German historian could have written this and survived the ensuing criticism. Indeed apart from David Irving, it is difficult to see how any European historian could have written a book so heavily biased in favour of the Luftwaffe. Sympathy with one's subject is one thing and temporary blindness is forgivable. But this is different. The Luftwaffe is not a book about the history of the Luftwaffe: it is the Luftwaffe's view of the Second World War rich in detail, poor in context and disastrous in its political blindness.


The W boson is a hypothetical massive particle of electric charge ±1 and spin 1, which is predicted in various extensions of the Standard Model.


Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a contagious disease that often occurs in Indonesia. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, caused by the Dengue Virus, has four serotypes : DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Someone can be infected four times, once for each serotype. After recovering from one serotype, a person gets a lifetime of immunity against that serotype. In this paper a model will be created for modeling the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with assumption there are only two serotypes, namely DEN-1 and DEN-2. Model formed based on SIR Model (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) and SIRS Model (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered, Susceptible). The changes in populations over time are written into a system of differential equations. The system of differential equations is then used to do an equilibrium point analysis. The numerical solution for the system of differential equations can be found using the Runge-Kutta Method. Genetic Algorithm are used to find the values of parameters in the model that are unknown. A series of simulations are performed to get the combination that produces the Genetic Algorithm system that will produce the best approximation solution. The combination includes population size, selection value, crossover value and mutation value. This best combination then will produce an approximation solution with the smallest error.


Used tires were pyrolyzed in a nitrogen-purged 3 kg static bed, batch reactor. The char was subsequently activated in an equimolar mixture of either steam and nitrogen or carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Activation was a two-stage process, with an initial more rapid gasification of carbonized rubber deposits followed by less rapid gasification of carbon black. The activation energy in steam was 201 kJ mol-1. The burnoff achieved by carbon dioxide under otherwise identical conditions to that of steam was on average 72% of that found when steam was used. The reactivity of acid-demineralized char in steam was around 22% less than that of raw char. It was suggested that calcium ions in the raw tire char catalyzed the gasification reactions. The tire pyrolysis temperature had an unclear influence on the rate of activation of the derived chars. The influence of particle size on the rate of activation was also investigated, and the results are discussed in terms of ash content and distribution. The outflow gas compo...


We propose a new equalization technique based on nonlinear Hammerstein type filters to mitigate the intersymbol interference (ISI) effect. This technique is a nonlinear generalization of the linear equalizer. In the present work, linear frequency selective fading channels in presence of additive white gaussian noise are considered and BPSK modulation is employed. Comparison of the simulation results based on our proposed technique with the results obtained when linear equalizer is employed, shows that our technique leads to a considerably better BER performance at moderate and higher SNRs. We also show that our method presents a better MSE estimator than the linear structure.


The brushless doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) has great potential as a variable-speed generator for wind turbine applications. This special machine has a richer space-harmonic spectrum due to its special nested-loop rotor construction compared with conventional induction machines. It may result in higher iron losses, higher torque ripple and more time-harmonics adding to the grid total harmonic distortion (THD). This paper applies the 2D finite element (FE) model to investigate several different nested-loop rotor constructions. It shows the outer loop makes more contribution to the torque while the inner loop plays a small role in the torque production. The most outer loop determines the overall THD level while the inner one has little influence on it. The THD could be reduced by increasing the number of the outer loops. More machine performances could be studied to derive more guidelines for designing the middle loops.


This paper studies the problem of asymptotic stability for discrete-time switched T-S fuzzy systems with multiple delays. A novel algebraic criterion is proposed for the delay-independent asymptotic stability of the system, based on semipositivity and M-matrix properties. The major benefit of this technique is that it avoids the problem of computations complexity over LMIs constraints. Two numerical examples are presented to evince the efficiency of the proposed technique.


Toxicity of 10 registered insecticides and 6 fertilizers were tested against larva and adults of Korean firefly, Luciola lateralis Motschulsky(Coleoptera: Lampyridae). All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of each inescticides by producer. MEP, PAP, Acephate, Fenthion, and Diazinon, which were organophates, a mixtures combined with Burofezin fenobucarb, Cartap buprofezin, and Thiamethoxam(Neonicotinoids), Fipronil(Phenylpyrazoles) showed more 80.0% mortality on larva and adults of L. lateralis. However, tebufenozide(I.G.R) showed low mortality of 33.3%. (ppm) value of Assit, Cartap buprofezin, Fenthion and PAP were showed 1.03 ppm, 1.90 ppm, 10.26 ppm, 0.98 ppm, respectively, against larva of L. lateralis. Effects against eggs showed very high toxicity. Otherwise, tebufenozide(I.G.R) was showed hatchability of 100%. Toxicity of Urea fertilizer, Ammonium sulfate, Potassium chloride, Fused phosphate, Complex fertilizer and Silicate fertilizer were showed the mortality with 27.3%, 56.7%, 73.3%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively, when exposed 72 hrs after treatment.


Several methods of power flow analysis for autonomous microgrids have been suggested; however, the implementation of these methods is challenging because of the lack of a swing bus and droop control characteristics. This paper puts forward an innovative technique for the load flow study of microgrids that autonomously operate according to droop control strategies incorporating cost rather than traditional droop schemes. This approach aims to extend the application of conventional power flow methodologies. In this approach, the incremental cost that is derivative of the fuel cost curve with respect to power output is embedded in droop schemes. The proposed approach deploys the iterative procedure to impose complex power that injects through the swing node to zero, which represents the autonomous operation of microgrids. Test results validate that this approach is exact and straightforward to implement; therefore, it can be highly beneficial for operating and planning microgrids.


The basic schemes of one-lift packer layouts, used in Western Siberia, are given. The basic tendencies in development of service on improvement of the equipment and technology of installation of well multipacker utilities are presented. Four basic problems of supervising of installations and service of multipacker systems at introduction of simultaneously-separate exploration are selected. Economic advantages of one-lift SMK relative to the cost of two-lift layout are shown.


Objectives – In indirect carotid‐cavernous sinus fistulas (CCF), abnormal connections exist between tiny dural branches of the external and/or internal carotid system and the cavernous sinus. Usually this kind of fistula occurs spontaneously and is characterized by a low shunt volume. Alternative vascular approaches for embolization are required when standard interventional neuroradiological access via arterial or transfemoral venous routes is not feasible.


Approaches to define specialists competitiveness demonstrated in recent pedagogical studies are considered. On the basis of examining of theoretical data the author made an attempt to reveal essential characteristics of a competitive specialist.


Radical cascades employing (dichloromethyl)dimethylsilyl ethers as both a point of radical initiation and termination, allow efficient entry to fused polycyclic cyclopropanes, and are also suitable for the design of other radical processes terminated by beta-elimination of chloride.


Critical Experiments for the Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor (SEFOR) are being conducted in the Zero Power Reactor-III (ZPR-III) fast-flux critical assembly at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho. In the ZPR-III, core materials in the form of small blocks are loaded into the compartmented core structure. Stainless steel cans containing metal alloy (19. 5 wt% Pu-78. 0 wt% U-2. 5 wt% Mo) and cans containing sodium carbonate were developed and procured to simulate the oxide fuel and sodium in SEFOR. Sintered beryllia blocks coated with Kel-F were also procured. Nickel blocks were provided for r e flector material , and Kel-F-coated Boral blocks simulated the boron carbide radial shield annulus. Quantities, weights, and design features of these materials are described.


To the Editor .—The omission of Dr. Godfrey E. Arnold's article ( Laryngoscope 71 :687, 1961) was an inadvertent and not a deliberate omission from the list of references. His excellent work has been frequently quoted by me in prior publications. Because I read Dr. Arnold's extensive thesis several years ago, I overlooked his similar proposal for using extrinsic laryngeal muscles for relief of a cricothyroid palsy. But this is all beside the point; Dr. Arnold should be given credit for proposing the idea. Please accept my apology for this error.


The study analyses the business cycles of the G7 countries in a structural vector autoregression(SVAR) framework comprising output, nominal interest rate and inflation. Common and country-specific supply, demand and nominal shocks of each G7 country are identified, and the corresponding shock propagation channels are computed. We establish the statistical properties of the cyclical fluctuations and investigate the role of each structural common and country-specific shock in the cyclical fluctuations of the variables of interest as well as the business cycle co-movement in the G7 group of countries.


Background: Functional capacity (defined as the ability of individuals to do their daily living activities) in hemodialysis patients is affected due to peripheral muscles and pulmonary function impairment. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of deep breathing training on functional capacity and fatigue level in hemodialysis patients. Patients and methods : A total of 111 hemodialysis patients of both sexes with end stage renal disease (ESRD) participated in the study with age ranged from 55 to 65 years old. They were randomly recruited from Quesna Central Hospital from Dialysis Unit. They were assigned randomly into three groups (A, B & C). Group (A) consisted of 37 patients who received Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise 3 sessions per week, 20 minutes for each session with 6 sets per each session, for 8 successive weeks. Group (B) consisted of 37 patients who received breathing training by incentive Spirometer Device 3 sessions per week, 20 minutes for each session with 6 sets per each session, for 8 successive weeks. Group (C) consisted of 37 patients who received their medical treatment and hemodialysis only. Results: A significant change in six-minute walk test (6MWT) and fatigue assessment scale (FAS) in the 3 groups post-training compared with that pre-training was observed. There was no discernible difference existed between the 3e post-training groups in terms of 6MWT. However, there was significant decrease in FAS of the group A and B post training compared with that of the group C. Conclusion: Different types of deep breathing training improve the functional capacity and the fatigue level in hemodialysis patients.


The invention relates to the field of tumor cellular immunotherapy, and in particular relates to a recombinant lentivirus and application thereof. The recombinant lentivirus comprises a chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor mainly comprises signal peptide, an antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulation signal transduction domain and a CD3 zeta signal transduction domain which are serially connected; the intracellular co-stimulation signal transduction domain mainly comprises a human TLR2 (Toll Like Receptor 2) intracellular domain. A GPC3 CAT T (Glypican 3 CAT T) cell prepared from the recombinant lentivirus has an intense cell killing effect on liver cancer cells, a Th1 cell factor can be highly expressed, a tumor killing effect caused by non-CAR T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T) cell can be stimulated to the maximum extent, escape and potential reoccurrence risk of GPC 3-tumor cells can be effectively prevented, the tumor cells can be killed by T cells expressing the chimeric antigen receptor, normal tissue can be slightly damaged, a tumor immunosuppression micro environment can be broken through, and thus a relatively good treatment effect on solid tumor can be achieved.