The invention describes an apparatus for the production of sandwich composite elements, at least consisting of two feed devices (2, 2 ') for facings, to which an application device (5) for an adhesion promoter, an application apparatus (6) for a core layer, a conveying device (7 ) and a length-cutting device (8) are connected in series, wherein the application means (5) for the adhesion promoter, at least from a supply line (51) for the adhesion promoter, a rotary table (52) with at least one lateral outlet opening (55) and a drive (54) for the turntable (52).


A longstanding puzzle of fundamental importance in modern cosmology has been the origin of the nearly universal density profiles of dark matter halos found in N-body simulations -- the so-called NFW profile. We show how this behavior may be understood, simply, by applying adiabatic contraction to peaks of Gaussian random fields. We argue that dynamical friction acts to reduce enormously the effect of random scatter in the properties of initial peaks, providing a key simplification. We compare our model predictions with results of the ultra-high resolution Via Lactea-II N-body simulation, and find superb agreement. We show how our model may be used to predict the distribution of halo properties like concentration. Our results suggest that many of the basic properties of halo structure may be understood using extremely simple physics.


ANY evaluation of the achievement of Arthur Severn, the artist who represented John Ruskin during the Whistler trial in 1878, involves the question of Marie Corelli's role in advancing his reputation. Biographers have passed over lightly Corelli's charges that the watercolorist greatly profited from her advice and criticism.1 New evidence has come to my attention which supports the novelist's assertions and reveals her efforts


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Research progress on the composition,production process of AF-315 liquid monopropellant and its decomposition catalysts is described.The application progress status of the AF-315 liquid monopropellant is briefly introduced.


After the rotor of steam turbine NO.2 being bent to 0.135mm in Huayang Power-Generation Company,for solving problems,such as shaft vibration at bearing shoe NO.1 surpassing standard value in the course of starting impingement,existence of colision-wear vibration at bearing-shoe NO.4 and vacuum leak of low pressure shaft seal in operation,as well as the efficiency of high -and medium-pressure cylinders deviating from designed values e+c.,combined with the features of self-adjusted gland-packing,the flow passage of steam turbine NO.2 has been retrofitted,obtaining comparatively satisfactory effectiveness.


Abstract : Army vehicle and system developers need to mitigate potential problems of motion sickness described by Co wings, Toscano, DeRoshia, & Tauson, [I] and ensure that crew station designs are optimized in their adaptation to the soldier. Using a motion base simulator, Engineers and Scientists at the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research Development, and Engineering Center, TARDEC, have begun a program to study motion effects on soldiers who are transported in infantry carriers in extended road marches. Several experiments are being designed and configured on the TARDEC National Automotive Center (NAC) Ride Motion Simulator (RMS) that recreate the proving ground environment in the laboratory to permit further study of motion sickness symptoms, their affects on soldier performance, and eventually mitigation techniques. The RMS is capable of high-transient motion dynamics to give the occupant very realistic mobility cues. This paper describes the motion drive algorithm and simulator configuration for the first of these soldier studies. Motion data was recorded on a combat vehicle at a US Army proving ground. These data were transformed and preprocessed using a motion drive algorithm into motion drive data for the 6 DOF simulator. By preprocessing the motion data with a non stationary linear quadratic optimal motion drive algorithm it was found that substantial specific forces cues could be recovered using tilt coordination and linear motion of the base.


The structures of two energetic biguanidium salts have been determined from low-temperature X-ray diffraction data collected at 100K. Biguanidium perchlorate, C 2 H 8 N 5 + .ClO 4 - , and biguanidium diperchlorate, C 2 H 9 N 5 2+ .2ClO 4 - , have structures characterized by twisted cations and extensive hydrogen bonding.


Ethnography as a methodological approach to study the cultures, practices and routines of journalists has a well-established legacy that stretches back more than six decades. While key techniques a...


Pesantren does not only function as an institution of education and religion but also as a place to build the students' character. Character is very important in determining the characteristic of the students' daily attitude. Pesantren has run the character education for long time even before the discourse of character education is widely being talked about. The education of pesantren is based on the soul of "the living religiousness" that is reflected in during the daily life in the pesantren. Pesantren plays a role in developing the moral value that can be observed from its capability to create religious students with good attitude. The important key of character education developed in pesantren is Kiai's figure. Kiai is not only as the pesantren's leader, but also as a role model for his students and society. The role of character education in pesantren can also be viewed from the role of pesantren in social transformation practice.


Behavior of E. dissolvens under the exposure to weak direct current(DC)and alternating current(AC)was investigated by using glucose as the sole carbon source. Water electrolysis was induced in the process of electric field stimulate. When 10mA were applied in the electrode reactions,the implementation of DC led to obvious increase in cell growth and glucose uptake. When AC imposed,the growth of bacteria and degradation of the glucose were lower than the rate of direct current to stimulate indicators were lower than direct current stimulation. Analysis of the reason might be the electrode response led to the solution of the physical and chemical properties caused by changes in the process.


Clinical chemistry [1] can be defined as is the area of clinical pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids. It is also known as chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry or medical biochemistry. The initial study in clinical chemistry in late 19th century was the analysis of various components of blood and urine by simple chemical tests. Then the use of improved technology like spectrophotometric techniques made these analyses more easy and accurate as these are nowadays automated and can be used for a large number of samples. The different biochemical tests can be classified under chemical pathology and are performed mostly on the serum or plasma though can be applied to any body fluid. A large medical laboratory will accept samples for up to about 700 different kinds of tests. Even the largest of laboratories rarely do all these tests themselves, and some must be referred to other labs. This large array of tests can be further sub-categorised into sub-specialities as shown in the organization chart below (Figure 1). Thus it is clear that various types of analysts are present in the samples and techniques like mass spectrometry would definitely be an important tool in terms of sample throughput and detection limits.


In this paper, the semisimple ring, left hereditary ring, left perfect ring, semiperfect ring, quasi perfect ring and semi local rings are characterized with pseudo projective module.


This article research the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the employer's material responsibility as a party to an employment contract. The main problems of legal regulation of bringing the employer to material responsibility according to the current legislation on labor of Ukraine are outlined. In order to find ways to improve the current domestic labor legislation, the foreign experience of the legal regulation of bringing the employer to material responsibility was summarized (grounds, procedure for compensation of property damage caused to the employee, grounds for exempting the employer from material responsibility), as well as proposals for improving the legislation on labor of Ukraine. In particular, it was concluded that the current labor legislation of Ukraine does not contain provisions regarding the employer's material responsibility for the damage caused to the employee. Since Chapter IX "Guarantees in the event of assigning material responsibility to employees for damage caused to the enterprise, institution, organization" provides rules exclusively on the material responsibility of one party to the employment contract - the employee. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the draft Labor Code of Ukraine No. 2410 provides provisions on the material responsibility of the employer, but the relevant norms need to be revised.In the process of writing the article, the legal framework, judicial practice and achievements of legal doctrine regarding the regulation of the employer's material responsibility in such countries as Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, France and the United States of America were studied. During the writing of the article, general and special methods of learning social processes and legal phenomena were used, including formallogical, dialectical, system-functional and comparative-legal and other methods.Taking into account the experience of foreign countries in the field of legal regulation of the employer's material responsibility, it was established the need to supplement the provisions of the current labor legislation of Ukraine with provisions on the employer's material responsibility. Conclusions were made about the expediency of legislative consolidation of both general provisions on holding the employer to material responsibility and special cases of holding the employer to material responsibility.


This paper examines the effect of the Bankruptcy Tax Act of 1980 on the decision to refund corporate bonds selling at a discount. Historically, the refunding of discount debt has appeared to be profitable on a discounted cash flow basis. This study demonstrates, however, that the tax effects of the Bankruptcy Tax Act of 1980 have eliminated effectively any potential gains from refunding discounted debt.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the micropolitical strategies principals use to influence school staffing within an urban school district.

Design/methodology/approach

The author used a qualitative case study approach drawing upon 47 semi-structured participant interviews with 25 individual research participants, 80 hours of observations, and 36 district artifacts. The author completed an iterative analysis using ATLAS.ti with a coding scheme informed by the educational leadership, human resource management, and micropolitical literatures.

Findings

The findings illustrate that school principals engaged productively within district staffing procedures to influence the allocation and composition of teaching staff within their schools. The iterative analysis identified three micropolitical strategies employed by school principals, including advocacy, acquiring leverage, and networking. First, principals used advocacy to shape personnel staff's understanding of school needs. Second, principals acquired leverage over staffing by enlisting the support of their school supervisor. Finally, principals networked with colleagues to identify teachers within the district's transfer system for possible hire.

Research limitations/implications

The findings have both practical and research significance. Practically, the findings highlight how principals engage in leadership within the context of district staffing processes. With respect to research, the findings address an important gap in the literature as it pertains to principal's leadership actions in relation to internal district administrative processes.

Originality/value

The findings of this study are unique in that they challenge the conventional view of district staffing procedures, which has typically framed these procedures as barriers to principal leadership. The findings suggest district staffing procedures can be a forum for productive leadership actions.


In Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), a Flex Nozzle Control (FNC) system, with the help of a linear actuator, is utilized to steer the launch vehicle. Electromechanical actuators (EMA) are usually preferred since they are easier to control and provides more safety. For the successful completion of a mission, control of EMA as well as the tolerance towards the failures are equally important. This paper proposes an algorithm to overcome the main issues faced by the system like parameter variations, disturbances and the failure of sensors. The controller used in this paper is Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC), and the main advantage of the MRAC strategy is that it does not require the precise information about the fault location or amplitude. This paper also deals with the use of modified MIT rule for the design of MRAC. The efficacy of the proposed controller is verified through simulation results.


The single chip microcontroller has played an important role in the automatic field of modern industry.It is a technical course with very strong practicality, undoubtedly the experiment is an important practice link of teaching, on the basis of limited fund and hardware experiment resource.If we can full use the simulation emulation of the software as the auxiliary experiment means, it will greatly promote the teaching result of the single chip microcontroller.


The sensitivity of four tests on Shewhart Q charts and of specially designed EWMA and CUSUM Q charts to detect one-step permanent shifts of a Poisson parameter has been studied. The usual test that signals for one point beyond three standard deviations ..


Photo-oxygenation of tetraethylpyrromethenone and of tetramethylpyrromethenone in methanol in the presence of oxygen and a porphyrin photosensitises gives the corresponding methanol–propentdyopent adducts in good yields. The photo-oxygenation reaction is shown not to be a satisfactory route to the analogous adducts with ethanol, propanol and butanol, but these compounds can be prepared by the acid-catalysed alcoholysis of the zinc(II) bis(tetra-alkylpropentdyopent) complexes. The photooxygenation is applied to [meso-13C]tetraethylpyrromethenone, and the result confirms the formulation of the methanol–propentdyopents as valley methoxy derivatives.


The phase centre properties of log-periodic dipole (LPD) arrays are examined for suitability in UHF radio positioning systems and are compared with phase properties of commonly used Yagi arrays. LPD arrays offer gain nearly comparable to that obtained from short Yagis, exhibit nearly 180° main lobe coverage with no front quadrant nulls and show very small phase centre movement over the entire front hemisphere.


PURPOSE: A control device and method for a legged mobile robot are provided to compensate the frictional force of each joint and change the gravity direction of robot joints into anti-gravity direction, thereby effectively keeping the robot balanced. CONSTITUTION: A control device for a legged mobile robot comprises a joint part(60) and a control part(40). The joint part drives an actuator installed in a joint of a robot. The control part operates the joint part to offset the mechanical friction force of the robot joint, thereby compensating the frictional force of the robot joint.


Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is recognized as a sporadic cause of encephalitis in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. In this issue of Blood, Zerr and coworkers report on a 3.5-year prospective study of 315 patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. 1 Patients with HHV-6 were more likely to develop delirium and neurocognitive decline. The results support a future clinical trial to test whether antiviral prophylaxis will reduce CNS morbidity after HCT.


Labor geographers have identified multiple strategies through which workers assert their demands in an era of global production networks. In this thesis I examine the strategic organizational actions of the Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW), a community-based organization representing immigrant farm-workers in southwestern Florida. Central to the successes of the CIW is its strategy to organize and embed its agency in civil society. Social actors have proved to be of vital importance as they enabled the CIW to position itself strategically in important locations of the production network to contest capitalist geographies more effectively. Using qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with representatives of churches, religious-community organizations, and interfaith non-profits working with the CIW, I argue that the CIW's strategies theoretically expands our understanding of labor agency and how spatiality, and specifically place, shapes the potential for workers' agency. INDEX WORDS: Labor agency, Community unionism, Global production networks, Scale LABOR AGENCY BEYOND THE UNION: THE COALITION OF IMMOKALEE WORKERS AND FAITH-BASED COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS


It has been generally recognized that Leftover children in rural areas are prone to psychological and health problems. Educators generally find that many Leftover children in rural areas have psychological problems to varying degrees. As children who are in a critical period of growth and development, they are prone to psychological and behavioral problems without the care and guidance of their parents, which affects the improvement of education level and social stability in rural areas. When Leftover children encounter setbacks and difficulties, they do not communicate with their parents in time, which is easy to deviate in thought, behavior and psychology, which is not conducive to their growth and development. In this regard, the head teacher should pay attention to the Leftover children in rural areas. The head teacher should pay attention to teaching them in accordance with their aptitude, guide the Leftover children to give full play to their special skills, enhance their self-confidence by using the words of conviction after failure, and praise them in time after success, so as to urge the Leftover children to constantly transform, improve and improve themselves and let them actively face their future study and life.


A systematical study on elastic fracture analysis theory is conducted concerning the engineering rock mass which is cut interruptedly by joints and cracks.Firstly,the anisotropic constitutive equations of jointed rock mass material elements under the condition of compression-shear and tension-shear are deduced based on the principle of energy equivalence.Secondly,with the pressure and shearing force on crack surface being taken into account,the stress field and stress intensity factors of crack tip area under the condition of compression-shear are provided and the stress intensity factors are amended with a view to finiteness of material elements.Finally,a compression-shear fracture criterion of jointed rock mass elements is deduced based on the maximum tensile hoop stress criterion.


For decades, the impact that pivotal economic and political institutions have on distinct aspects of overall economic performance has attracted researchers of various fields. One central question concerns the extent to which a country's degree of social partnership is related to important macro-political variables such as economic growth, unemployment, employment and the distribution of income. For a sample of 16 European countries covering the period of 1990 to 2012, the article presents evidence which is consistent with the view that a strong social partnership is associated with better-than-average macroeconomic performance, both in general and in the wake of the latest financial and economic crisis.


The iron ore sintering process prepares fine iron ore for the blast furnace process. A mixture consisting of iron ore, coke (fuel) and additives is ignited at the top and air is sucked from below to move a combustion front down through the bed. Most of the sintering plants use permeability bars to raise the productivity. The permeability bars locally aerate the bed of raw materials after charging. This affects the local flow rates, the local course of the combustion, the temperature field in the bed and thus the overall sintering process characteristic. A transient 2D sintering process model was developed to estimate the influence of various bar configurations on the process by using COMSOL Multiphysics®. This model solves reactions and flow through the porous bed with the Chemical Reaction Engineering Module. The model has been calibrated with in situ measurements and laboratory experiments. The local changes of the permeability are measured via flow velocity measurements in the lab and in an industrial plant. Operational trials were complemented by IR thermography to investigate the influences of the different permeability bar configurations on the temperature profiles at the plant discharge. The model results were proven to be consistent to the laboratory and industrial measurements. Figures used in the abstract Figure 1: Estimated sinter bed temperature.


. In this note we show finite time blow-up for a class of non-local active scalar equations on compact Riemannian manifolds. The strategy we follow was introduced by Silvestre and Vicol to deal with the one dimensional C´ordoba-C´ordoba-Fontelos equation and might be regarded as an instance of De Giorgi's method.


Abstract Background Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a childhood vasculitis, marked by prolonged fevers and coronary artery inflammation/aneurysms in near one-quarter of those untreated. The cause remains unknown; however, epidemiologic and demographic data support a single preceding infectious agent may lead to KD. Plasmablasts (PBs) are a stage of transitional B-cells that lead to plasma cells, the long-lived antibody-producing cells of the bone marrow. After initial infection, peripherally circulating PB populations are enriched for cells with antibodies against the preceding infection. We have recently published data showing children with KD have similar PB responses to children with infections. We sought to define the antibody characteristics, including clonality, of these PBs during KD. Methods We used antibody repertoire next-generation sequencing to characterize memory and PB populations. Additionally, pairing of heavy and light chains was performed with Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression (10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA) using the Human B cell Single Cell V(D)J Enrichment Kit. Results From subject 24, antibody sequences using VH4-34 and a 19 amino acid length complementarity determining region 3 showed a massive expansion between day 4 and 6 of fever. Chromium single-cell sequencing produced over 946 heavy and light chain paired sequences. Sequence comparison showed 40% of sequences demonstrated markers of clonal expansion, which represented 100 clonal groups. Seven other KD subjects are being processed and comparative analysis will be presented. Conclusion This clonal expansion within plasmablast populations supports that Kawasaki disease is caused by an infection. Antigen targeting of these monoclonal antibodies is currently being explored. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Two optimized formulations of ciclosporin liposome were selected using orthogonal design.The size distribution of liposomes were determined through microscopic counting.The rates of encapsulation were examined by TLC to be 91.0% and 86.5% respectively. Then two ciclosporin liposomal ointments were prepared,and the contents of ciclosporin in the preparations were assayed by HPLC.


Abstract The authors present a proposal for a nature reserve encompassing the entire archipelago of Franz‐Josef Land. To this end an expedition was mounted by VNIIPriroda in 1980–81, concentrating particularly on Graham Bell Island and Hooker Island. A general outline of the geography, geology, fauna and flora of the archipelago is presented, largely on the basis of that expedition. The authors conclude that establishment of a nature reserve is urgently required to protect nesting grounds of ivory gulls and eiders, sea‐bird cliff colonies, polar bear denning sites, walrus hauling‐out sites and polynyas important to pinnipeds and whales, as well as a range of historic sites pertaining to the exploration of the archipelago, in the face of increasing economic activity on the islands.


The Long-billed Murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix) is one of the rarest and most poorly understood alcids in Asia. First described by Pallas in 1811 as Cepphus perdix (the Partridge Murrelet), their solitary nesting at inland sites in remote areas of eastern Siberia and northern Japan has limited studies of their habitat preferences and population status. Because of this paucity of information, we were concerned whether viable populations would continue to persist in the southern portion of its breeding range in the face of a variety of conservation issues. Therefore, we compiled historical and recent at-sea and inland records of Long-billed Murrelets in Japan during the breeding and winter seasons. We also conducted inland, from-shore and at-sea surveys in northeastern Hokkaido between 1996 and 2001. Few murrelets were recorded during these surveys and based on historic information, murrelets may have been extirpated from some areas where they may have bred historically (e. g., northern Honshu and eastern Hokkaido). We discuss the conservation problems, including gill-net fishing, logging of mature forests in coastal regions, oil pollution, and predation, that may have led to its extirpation from some areas of Japan during the breeding season.


By utilizing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium containing 0.01% aniline blue in conjunction with a long-wave UV light, the differentiation of five species of Legionella was facilitated. L. pneumophila, when grown on this medium, did not absorb the aniline blue dye; however, L. micdadei, L. dumoffii, L. bozemanii, and L. gormanii absorbed the dye in varying amounts and produced colonies of various shades of blue.


Line Spectrum Pairs (LSP) are commonly used in speech coding for spectral quantization. Usually, the LSPs are first calculated, and then quantized. When scalar quantization is used, computational saving can be achieved by direct calculation of the quantized LSPs, searching zero-crossings on the grid formed by the values of the quantization tables (quantized-domain search). In a previous publication we have shown that by combining Kabal's LSP calculation method with a quantized-domain search on a 34-bit quantization table, the number of polynomial evaluations is reduced from 150 to 71. In this paper we consider the use of a binary-tree quantizeddomain search to further decrease the complexity. It is explained why this type of search cannot be combined with Kabal's method, and it is shown that Saoudi's LSP calculation method can be easily combined with a binary-tree quantized-domain search, obtaining a fast algorithm for direct quantized LSP calculation. The proposed algorithm reduces computational complexity and improves quantization performance.


Wilbur Cohen (1913-1987) is a courageous choice for a biographer. Cohen was a career bureaucrat who adopted a professional style, as Edward D. Berkowitz describes it, of "determined drabness" (p. 264). Cohen deliberately shaped his bureaucratic life to be free of high political drama. His personal life, too, was free of colorful detail. He was only occasionally subject to political attacks, and there never was any hint of personal impropriety or corruption. Wilbur Cohen is also a difficult choice. To understand him and his career, the biographer has to have the perseverance and patience-almost as much as Cohen himself displayed-to track his subject through the complex, intricate webs of federal bureaucratic politics and the Sisyphean tasks, which extended over more than three decades, of drafting and redrafting memos, speeches, and legislative bills for superiors and political clients. We are very much in Edward Berkowitz's debt for his biography of Wilbur Cohen. Berkowitz has provided us with a fine perspective on the making of the welfare state in the twentieth century, and with the best biography we have had of a major architect of social insurance. Historians who wish to generalize about the effects and fate of New Deal liberalism need to reckon with Cohen's career, and with Berkowitz's book. Cohen's career in government is especially important to understand because it stretches from the Progressive Era through the Great Society. Cohen's career, as Berkowitz makes clear, demonstrates the powerful lines of continuity within the development of national social insurance between those two periods. The continuity was at once intellectual and political. The principles of social insurance pioneered by the Progressives-contributory benefits and universality of protection-had a decisive influence on the development of


Mark Lawrence: A short discussion of the application of these results to large scale simulations, though not necessary, would help broaden the impact of this work. The authors: It is difficult and probably not appropriate to speculate about the details of how the results obtained here for a single cloud can be extended to GCMs. One aspect of our current work is to extend these simulations to representative GCM grid boxes. But equally important is to first of all evaluate the model results for single clouds. So far, our study has revealed more difficulties than solutions to this problem. Mark Lawrence: My main criticism regarding the present manuscript is the strong focus on the results at the cloud top, rather than on the integrated results throughout the cloud outflow


The volume collects the contributions to a conference on the relationship between anthropology and ethics in ancient Judaism and the New Testament of the Corpus JudaeoHellenisticum Novi Testamenti in Heidelberg 2012. In order to throw light on a specific topic from a NT and an ancient Jewish perspective the papers are paired, e.g., on such topics as the divine image, sin, approaches to violence, sexuality and property. Thus J.M.G. Barclay writes on '4 Ezra and Paul on the Mercy of God', C. Böttrich on human dignity and duties in the Enochic writings and in Luke–Acts, R. Bloch on conversion and confidence in Joseph and Aseneth, G.H. van Kooten on 'Theomorphic Ethics versus Numinous Ethics and Anthropomorphic Aesthetics in Early Judaism, Ancient Philosophy, and the New Testament', K.-W. Niebuhr on the idea of man, of God and ethics in Rom. 1.18–2.29; 8.1-30, L. Stuckenbruck on 'Ethics and Theological Anthropology' in the Watcher myth, E. Reinmuth on liberation and violence in the theological anthropology of Hebrews, H. Najman on 'Sin and Torah in 4 Ezra', J. Herzer on law and sin in Romans (8.3), M. Konradt on sexuality in the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, F.W. Horn on sexual taboo in Paul, M. Tilly on anthropology and ethics of possessions in PseudoPhokylides, R. Deines on wealth in the Jesus traditions and James, M. Witte on aid for the needy in Hellenistic-Jewish wisdom texts, G. Theißen on community structures and motivation to help, M. Henze on 'resurrection and the Apocalyptic Drama' in 1 Cor. 15 and 2 Bar. 29-30, 49-51, S. Vollenweider on resurrection as transformation in 1 Cor. 15 and 2 Baruch, T.D. Still on 'Conversion in Joseph and Aseneth and 1 Thessalonians' and finally S. Krauter on food as anthropological core dimension in the Lives of Adam. The overall topic, the link between ethics and anthropology, is an important theme for NT theology. The paired contributions shed light on the topics from different angles, and the contributors are experts in their fields. The volume is a worthwhile addition to any library.


The criteria for the new course "Physical Education and Health"have been put into effect. The aim of the criteria is to take the education of students as a foundation and to center on the physical and mental development of students. The important means is to employ democratic teaching and implement humane management of students.


The advent of smart grids have urged a radical reappraisal of distribution networks and power quality requirements, and effective use of the network are indexed as the most important keys for smart grid expansion and deployment regardless. One of the most efficient ways of effective use of these grids would be to continuously monitor their conditions. This allows for early detection of power quality degeneration facilitating therefore a proactive response, prevent a fault ride-through the renewable power sources, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. In this smart grid context, this paper proposes the evaluation of signal processing tools, namely the Hilbert transform and the linear Kalman filter to estimate voltage phasor for voltage sags detection.


influence health-related quality of life(QOL)and increase anxiety and depression . Antimuscarinic drugs are the first-line treatment for OAB. However, these drugs frequently cause dry mouth, which cannot be relieved by drinking water because the latter aggravates the accompanying urgency and pollakisuria . Constipation, another potential side effect, can further aggravate OAB symptoms, thereby compromising patient adherence to therapy . On the other hand, another therapeutic agent for OAB, namely, transdermal oxybutynin formulation, is reported to reduce the generation of N-desethyloxybutynin(DEO), which is the main cause of adverse reactions . Therefore, we hypothesized that the oxybutynin patch may induce fewer adverse reactions than existing oral antimuscarinic drugs. INTRODUCTION


Abstract : This monograph addresses tactical reconnaissance in peace operations through the context of the six fundamentals of reconnaissance and the three primary missions of reconnaissance. Next, based on the importance of obtaining information to support tactical decision making by the commander, the fundamentals are applied to four peace operations (Dominican Republic, Lebanon, Iraq, Somalia) illustrating how tactical reconnaissance can hinder or help peace operations. Three trends emerge. The current doctrinal focus on the six reconnaissance fundamentals is sound. The fundamentals are the key to successful peace operations. Also, well-trained units can execute tactical reconnaissance during peace operations. Finally, the techniques and focus in peace operations are what is different. Reconnaissance doctrine must expand from the fight for information paradigm of the last fifty years to include the varying information requirements of peace operations.


Somalia, and especially the southern part of the country, has been sadly neglected from an archaeological point of view. This article describes the results of a preliminary survey of the southern Somali coast, from Mogadishu to near the Kenya border.


The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of availability and utilization of research findings insolving societal problems for economic growth and sustainable development in Nigeria. Thisrepresents a search in a different direction to attempt to explain the disappointing economic returnsfrom education in Nigeria. Investments in education seem to have failed to deliver the goods in Nigeriaand in most African countries, since most of them are still battling with under-development in the sensethat the following indices of development noted by Udoidem (1992) are still eluding most Africannations


A systematic account of the technical aspects, focusing on proven elementary methods. Designed to provide enough information for those who wish to use the techniques, the book is suitable for self-study. Includes numerous examples, exercises, and solutions, with listings provided of computer programs for evaluating some of the models. Where appropriate, techniques' limitations are emphasized, with indications for overcoming them.


Accurate prediction of electricity demand can bring extensive benefits to any country as the forecasted values help the relevant authorities to take decisions regarding electricity generation, transmission and distribution appropriately. The literature reveals that, when compared to conventional time series techniques, the improved artificial intelligent approaches provide better prediction accuracies. However, the accuracy of predictions using intelligent approaches like neural networks are strongly influenced by the correct selection of inputs and the number of neuro-forecasters used for prediction. Deshani, Hansen, Attygalle, & Karunarathne (2014) suggested that a cluster analysis could be performed to group similar day types, which contribute towards selecting a better set of neuro-forecasters in neural networks. The cluster analysis was based on the daily total electricity demands as their target was to predict the daily total demands using neural networks. However, predicting half-hourly demand seems more appropriate due to the considerable changes of electricity demand observed during a particular day. As such clusters are identified considering half-hourly data within the daily load distribution curves. Thus, this paper is an improvement to Deshani et. al. (2014), which illustrates how the half hourly demand distribution within a day, is incorporated when selecting the inputs for the neuro-forecasters.


A motorcyclist helmet is considered important safety equipment because it prevents or minimizes head and brain injuries, which are often fatal. Hence, in the 1960s and 1970s, most of the states in the United States enacted the universal helmet law (UHL) requiring all motorcyclists to wear helmets. Many researchers have examined the effect of the helmet law changes by using before-and-after studies and found that repealing the law had a negative effect on motorcyclists. In this study, the authors have attempted to explore the long-term impacts of repeal and reinstatement of the UHL by using 13 to 16 years of data. A before-and-after study with a comparison group and empirical Bayes methods was adopted to account for the passage of time and its effect on other factors such as exposure, maturation, trend, and regression-to-the-mean bias. A range of safety performance functions was developed on the basis of counties and parishes, and the expected fatal motorcycle crashes were calculated. The results showed that the UHL repeal still had significant effects on motorcycle fatal crash counts even 7 to 12 years after the repeal of the law. The crash modification factors showed that the UHL repeal increased the number of motorcycle fatal crashes by 15% to 41%, whereas reinstatement of the UHL decreased it by 21% to 27%. It is expected that the results from this study could be helpful for state policy makers to clearly understand the effects of the UHL on reducing motorcycle fatal crashes.


ADPKD is the most prevalent genetic kidney disease. Tolvaptan is the first proven disease-modifying therapy, but is associated with aquaretic side effects, frequently leading to treatment discontinuation. Therefore, identifying factors, which can ameliorate the aquaretic side effects and facilitate therapy is crucial. Previous data reported 24h-osmolar excretion in urine or GFR as the main determinants of urine volume on tolvaptan but included only few patients. This study's objective was to prospectively examine the 24-hour urine volume and urine osmolality during the up-dosing phase of tolvaptan in a cohort with a moderate sample size and different subgroups in order to identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors for urine volume increase. Finally, quality of life (QoL) during tolvaptan treatment was investigated in relation to urine volume since these data are scarce thus far and provide crucial insights into the therapy burden.

 Analysis of 24-h urine collection at baseline and at least once on tolvaptan was carried out for 75 patients (complete cohort). For 35 patients (longitudinal cohort) urine collections were available for baseline and all three tolvaptan doses (45/15 mg, 60/30 mg and 90/30 mg). All patients are participants of the German AD(H)PKD registry. Sodium, protein and potassium intake were calculated from excretion in 24h-urine and QoL was assessed by the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. Statistical analyses were computed using R statistical software. A p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant.

 The mean age of the patients in the complete cohort was 41.3 ± 10.7 (range 18-64 years) with a mean eGFR of 67.3 ± 27.2 ml/min/1.73m2 and was similar to the longitudinal cohort with a mean age of 41.8 ± 10.1 (23-64 years) and eGFR of 69.4 ± 27.5ml/min/1.73m2. A significant increase (p< 0.0001) in 24-h urine volume (138%) occurred only immediately after therapy initiation with no further significant increase during updosing in the complete and longitudinal cohort. In line with this 24h-urine osmolality decreased (57%) significantly (p< 0.0001) only after beginning of treatment and remained almost unchanged after updosing. Total solutes, protein and sodium intake showed non-significant changes across all doses. There were no significant differences in urine volume between gender, age classes (<45 vs. ≥45 years), or Mayo class when examining the various subgroups. Considering modifiable factors, 24h-urine volume was positively correlated with eGFR on tolvaptan reaching significance on 45/15 mg (p = 0.013) and 90/30 mg (p = 0.027). Patients <45 years and patients with an eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 experienced a significantly higher relative urine volume increase at the beginning (p = 0.0332 vs. ≥45 years and p = 0.0097 vs eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) in the complete cohort. In multivariable linear regression analyses containing modifiable and non-modifiable covariates only sodium intake had a significant impact in tolvaptan-naive patients (p = 0.0064), while on tolvaptan age (p = 0.0008) and weight (p = 0.0190) became significant together with sodium intake (p = 0.0008) and potassium intake (p = 0.0040). Across the three tolvaptan doses no significant differences between the number of patients reaching pre-defined osmolality goals (< 250 mosmol/kg for spontaneous urine and < 150 mosmol/kg for 24h-urine) could be detected. Before and after tolvaptan treatment, neither the mental nor physical QoL changed significantly.

 Our study showed that the significant rise in urine volume occurs immediately after therapy initiation with only minor and non-significant increases upon further updosing. Urine osmolality decreases significantly directly after start of tolvaptan and remains constant with most patients achieving adequate suppression of urine osmolality. Patient counseling should consider that younger patients and patients with better eGFR might experience stronger urine volume increase at the beginning and advising to reduce salt and potassium intake can ameliorate aquaretic side effects. Tolvaptan treatment showed no negative impact on QoL but further investigations in larger cohorts are needed.


It is currently accepted that domain interdependence in adsorption hysteresis (i.e. pore-blocking effects due to hindered liquid–vapour transitions in which the state of any domain depends on those adopted by its neighbours), occurs during the descending (desorption) processes associated with capillary evaporation. In contrast to this behaviour, network effects are thought to be absent during the ascending processes inherent in capillary condensation. However, we have considered the possibility of strong vapour–liquid transitions of an assisted kind taking place during capillary condensation. This situation seems to be the rule, rather than the exception, in a wide variety of porous materials. The interactive effect arises as a consequence of menisci coalescence at the meeting point of capillaries, and it becomes more important as the extent to which the network is filled with capillary condensate increases. When a critical proportion (which depends on the connectivity and geometry of the porous media) of filled elements in the network has been reached, the whole condensation occurs suddenly. This implies that the usual analysis of the ascending boundary curve does not lead to the true pore-size distribution. However, the ascending curve can be predicted from the size distribution and connectivity of the porous network.


published scholarship, one is amused to find what appear to be puzzling factual mistakes. On page 169 he says that Peter's first wife, Evdokia, was made a nun in Novodevich'ii monastery but was imprisoned in Schlusselberg fortress until 1727. This does not convey a picture of what really happened: Peter sent her in 1698 to a convent in Suzdal and later Ladoga, and she was imprisoned only after Peter died in 1725. On page 200 Marker says that the Gospel of Luke reports that Anna the Prophet raised from childhood the girl who was to become the Virgin Mary; Luke does not say that. On page 219 Marker identifies the person who was to become Catherine II as "daughter-in-law" of Empress Elizabeth; she was the wife of Elizabeth's nephew and daughterin-law of Elizabeth's sister. But these curious flaws detract nothing from the essence of this excellent monograph.


In this work, I seek to highlight the importance of genders for the teaching of the mother tongue, as we will conduct a brief reflection on the current requirements of the National Common Curricular Base BNCC, taking into account the current situation of teaching in Portuguese. For this, in the light of two theoretical perspectives (BAKHTIN, 2016; MARCUSCHI, 2002), a survey will be made about what is meant by speech genre and textual genre, mainly. It also aims to outline a scheme of the best job possibilities, coming from contact with gender, which the teacher can use in the classroom, taking as a parameter the National Curriculum Common Base BNCC of high school.


Nanoporous GaN films were prepared by UV-assisted electrochemical etching. It was observed that by employing rapid thermal annealing (RTA), optical properties of porous GaN films could be considerably improved. The nanoporous GaN films were subjected to RTA within the temperature range of 500-1100°C under nitrogen and oxygen ambient. The band-edge photoluminescence (PL) intensity from the porous GaN films showed a monotonic increase with the annealing temperature up to 1000°C in N 2 . However, the band-edge PL intensity showed a drastic reduction for the porous samples annealed under oxygen ambient. Besides this, investigation of the effects of annealing conditions on Eu-implanted nanoporous GaN in N 2 and O 2 ambient was also carried out. We have observed that annealing in N 2 significantly enhances the Eu-related red luminescence around 621 nm, which implies that annealing conditions could play an influential role for light extraction from nanostructured GaN surfaces.


Two classes of encodings of the natural numbers are introduced, all of which are universal asymptotically optimal. The asymptotically best encodings in these classes are determined and are found to improve on previous encoding. The results are related to channel capacity and unbounded searching.


~Glucuronidase (Gus) has been extensively studied in the mouse as a model of mammalian gene regulation. The structural gene maps to chromosome 5 and variation for the regulation of Gus gene expression co segregates with the structural locus. The regulatory phenotypes include variation in systemic levels of gene expression (Pfister et al., 1985), variation in testosterone induction of kidney B-glucuroni dase (Palmer et al.,1983; Swank et al., 1973) and variation in Gus expression within individual organs. The various structural and regula tory phenotypes which cosegregate at the GUS locus are designated as haplotypes [Gus] and the different regulatory phenotypes have been designated as separate elements of the haplotype complex (Table 1) (Paigen, 1979). Three haplotypes of structural and regulatory alleles of GUS have been characterized among inbred strains (Pfister et al., 1982). These combinations of alleles of enzyme structure and regulation are present in all laboratory strains and they have not been separated by recom bination either in backcrosses of up to 1000 mice (Swank et al., 1978) or in the construction of congenic and recombinant inbred (RI) strains. More recently, the analysis of genomic DNA restriction patterns using a cDNA probe has revealed that these allelic haplotypes differ at at least three positions along the gene as shown by altered fragment sizes in Southern blot analysis (Elliott et al., 1985). In this instance, the [Gus]H and [Gus]B haplotypes do not differ from each other but they both differ from [Gus]A at all three positions (Table 2). We have sampled diverse house mouse species for variation in 1) gene structure, 2) gene expression at the level of processing and turnover, and 3) gene regulation at the level of systemic synthesis and in the response of the kidney Gus locus to testosterone. We specifically asked whether there was-CVidence of independent variation for enzyme structure and regulation of synthesis. We have identified six new alleles of enzyme structure, three new variants of GUS regulation and seven new haplotypes. These provide important new insights into the regulation of GUS expression which might not have been readily determined from a molecular analysis of the GUS genomic structures found among inbred strains.


Two ways for reducing building energy consumption are mentioned.Optimizing designs is the first choice,constructing the energy-efficient building with materials of good energy-saving performance to reduce its heat consumption index.Solar energy hot water heating system is the second choice,the renewable energy will further reduce energy consumption for primary energy.


In this research capability of biological treatment method via active sludge and aquatic fern evaluated in different operating conditions and they were optimized in order to remove Zn (II). A simple reactor performance for treatment of model and real wastewater on laboratory and semi-industrial scale was investigated. This refining process proceeded with special attention to the effect of solution pH-value, pollutant concentration, absorbent concentration and reaction time. The batch semi-industrial scale reactor represented over 90 % removal efficiency under pH-value of 6 and 5-5.5 for aquatic ferns and active sludge, respectively. Effective reaction times represented various durations for aquatic ferns and active sludge with respect of 120 minutes and 90 minutes. The two biological masses had the best performances with 6 g/l for aquatic ferns and 5 g/l for active sludge. In the presence of 5 ppm of Zn (II) as the objective heavy metal, both absorbents had over 93.2 % removal efficiencies. While obviously laboratory-scale attempts introduced higher acceptable reduction efficiencies via this economic applicable treatment method. Additionally, economic considerations clarified feasibility of this recommended simple method.


Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the SWOT issues of India's veterinary and animal science education. Design: The data were collected at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) from 168 post-graduate students. The two surveys generated 72% (N=121) and 68% (N=114) response rates, respectively. In the first stage, the vital SWOT issues were listed by respondents and in the second stage, they ranked the top eight issues on a Likert scale. Findings: Uniform curriculum; merit-based admissions; and huge demand and employment prospects were perceived as major strengths. Gaps in curriculum revision and inadequate faculty, colleges and hands-on experience were perceived as key weaknesses. Regular curriculum revisions; novel instructional methods; and single admission tests were important opportunities perceived. Out-dated education model; urban biased admissions; and regional barriers were the major threats perceived. Practical implication: The SWOT issues identified are similar to those faced by veterinary education programmes in many countries with minor variations. Originality/value: The findings are of interest for veterinary faculties in developing and under-developed countries to harmonize their veterinary education systems on par with global norms. The related implications for policy and future directions are discussed.


In this paper the liquid jet gas pump as an important gas-liquid contactor is investigated on bubble sizes. Its internal mixed effect is influenced by gas holdup, bubble size distribution and interfacial area. To improve the mixed effect, experiment investigations have been carried out in a modified down-flow liquid jet gas pump with special emphasis on gas distribution. The mixing tube and diffuser are made of transparent Perspex for visual observation. Bubble diameters in the diffuser have been measured by photographic and capillary method at different operating conditions. Under the same Reynolds number of orifice, about 80% of the bubble diameters range from 0.6 mm to 1.3 mm, which has no obvious effect on the gas-liquid flow rate ratio. The average bubble diameter increases by the decrease of Orifice Reynolds number at the same gas-liquid flow rate ratio (lower gas-liquid rate ratio), the maximal bubble size can reach 3 mm. With the decrease of gas-liquid flow rate ratio, gas gathers together in the wall and the stream appears non uniform, the sampling test shows that the bubble diameters have a small diminution. It is found experimentally that the bubble diameters are strongly dependent on Orifice Reynolds number and the bubble distribution is affected by gas-liquid flow rate ratio


It was necessary to consider the uncertainty of spatial data and fuzziness of relative conception in direction relation representation and reasoning, because of the fuzziness of the direction concepts and the inherent uncertainty of spatial data. The 8-direction asymmetry fuzzy model was built, in this model each primary direction tile has 60 degrees and each secondary direction tile has 30 degrees. This model was extended after considering the location error of reference point based on interval type-2 fuzzy set, and the primary membership function and uncertainty of membership value was discussed and the attribute of this model was analyzed too. Under this model, the reasoning method was built based on IT2 FLS, this method take the location error of reference point, cognitive habit and percentage of target in each direction tile into account, certain and uncertain information was considered in this method. Keywords-Cardinal directions; Type-2 Fuzzy sets;IT2 FLS; location error; FOU;direction membership grade error


Amorphous carbon was thought to consume the energy of absorbed photons due to its disordered structure, and thus insensitive to the light illumination. Here, we observe a significant photoconductivity induced by a polarization-driven field in the Fe-doped amorphous carbon films grown on PMN-PT substrates (a-C:Fe/PMN-PT). In absence of an external electric field (E-field), the 532-nm light illumination generates less than 0.2% change in resistance. With a field applied across PMN-PT substrates, the value of (Rlight − Rdark)/Rdark reaches the maximum of 76.7%, exhibiting a large photoconductivity effect. Moreover, the a-C:Fe/PMN-PT heterostructures show a strong electric-field-induced modulation of carrier transport, and cause a resistance change up to the maximum of 70%. The samples switch from the high resistance state to low resistance state with the E-field overcoming a threshold field. A possible mechanism has been attributed to the separation of electron-hole pairs encouraged by the surface charge in the a-C:Fe/PMN-PT interface.


Ford, discussing the Kemalist dictatorship in Turkey, includes less familiar material than most of the others, and well illustrates how the pattern of modern dictatorship—roughly the same in so many respects— can show striking national peculiarities. Whether Kemal Atattirk was "a Turkish Cavour or a Turkish Peter the Great, an imitation Mussolini, a belated eighteenth-century enlightened despot, a Turanian George Washington," Mr. Ford does not attempt to decide. Harold S. Quigley presents a brief description of the equally unique patterns of dictatorship in Japan and China. John N. Hazard gives a well-condensed, but rather mechanical, description of the Soviet dictatorship. The fact that so many books on particular dictatorships have appeared in the past few years makes this new edition the more valuable. Few new facts appear, but the striving toward dispassionate interpretation of extremely complex phenomena sets this book apart from the flood of literature on the subject. That the book is written by a group of convinced democrats is obvious; but it is equally obvious that the whole group regards a genuine and widespread understanding of the forces that destroy democracy as being the first essential for the maintenance of democratic values.


The invention is a semi-finished product containing (A) fibers, (B) binders, (C) 15 to 90 vol .-% fillers and metallic (D) 0 to 15 vol .-% of non-metallic inorganic fillers, wherein the total content of the fillers (c) and (d) together is not more than 90 vol .-% of the semifinished product, and wherein all volume data relate to the solids volume of the semifinished product. The invention also relates to metallic materials and processes for producing the materials and semi-finished products and their uses.


As a simple first step in a larger program of cooling RD the desired muon bunch would be reconstructed offline via software. This study would validate the analytic and numerical calculations of ionization cooling via precision measurements of multiple scattering and straggling, would demonstrate transverse cooling of a bunch including the predicted minimum possible transverse cooling, would use diagnostics suitable for further cooling studies, and could serve to recommission the D2 beamline prior to transportation to a new line elsewhere. Note that an experiment to make a demonstration of "modest" transverse cooling via the single-particle method and one to make a precision measurement of multiple scattering are identical; the two results are manifestations of the same physics.


One of the main conditions for the normal development of a child and, in the future, successful schooling is the timely and full—fledged formation of speech in preschool childhood. As practice shows, for the full-fledged speech development of pre-schoolers, close interaction of kindergarten and family is necessary, since the best results are noted where teachers and parents act in concert. It is preceded by the purposeful work of teachers, during which parents occasionally get involved in the life of the group, get involved in the problems of their children.


STYLES OF LEADERSHIP TYPES OF MANAGER LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT 1. Planning involves selection of goals and deciding the best method to achieve them. Planning process looks into the future and decides the future course of action. 2. Organizing is the process of arranging and allocating work, authority and resources. 3. Staffing is concerned with proper recruitment and training of the employees. Employee is the key factor in any organization. 4. Leading in organization means movement towards objectives. Leading involves directing, influencing and motivating employees to perform essential task. 5. Controlling is based on comparison of actual performance with planned objectives. 1. An Autocratic style means that the manager makes decisions unilaterally and without much regards for subordinates. Subordinates may become overly dependent upon the leader 2. In Paternalistic Style, decisions will be taken into account the best interests of the employees 3. In a Democratic style, the manager allows the employees to take part in decision-making 4. In a Laissez-faire style, the leader's role is peripheral and staff manages their own areas of business. 5. Managing by Walking Around (MBWA) is a classical technique in which managers listens carefully to employees' suggestion, managers gets real-time information 1. Functional Managers is manager who supervises specialized activities such accounting, marketing etc. 2. General Managers supervises the work of several different groups that perform a variety of functions. 3. An Administrator is typically a manager who works in government or nonprofit organization. 4. An Entrepreneur is a person who founds and operates an innovative business. 5. Small-business owners typically invest considerable emotional and physical energy into their firms. 6. A Team Leader coordinates the work of a small group of people, while acting as facilitator or catalyst. 1. Top Level Management comprises board of directors, chief executives or managing directors. CEO, President, Vice President, Chairman fall into the category of Top Level Management. The top management is the ultimate authority. 2. Middle Level Management is a link between Top Level and First Level Management. Middle level incorporates branch managers and departmental managers. 3. First Level Management is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisor, foreman, section officer, superintendent, workers and jobbers. Lower level managers are mediators between workers and higher level management.


The lawyers at Petrillo and Goldberg want you to call us if you're ever injured in an accident or at work. We want to be your law firm.If you have a legal matter that needs attention, please contact us. If we cannot handle your case, we will refer you to a competent firm that can.Please feel free to refer us to your family, friends and neighbors for their personal injury or worker's compensation legal needs. We welcome the opportunity to help you.


The identification of Radix Morindae Officinalis, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Herba Epimedii, Radix Ginseng, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae in Baji Bushen decoction was carried out respectively by TLC. The content of icariin in the preparation was determined by HPLC. Chromatocolumn was adopted, methanol - 0. 5 % HClO4 (55: 45) as the mobile phase, flow - rate at 0.8 mL/min, column temperature at 40℃, detection wavelength at 270nm, the mean recovery is 97. 36%and RSD is 2.61% (N=5). It is indicated that the methods can be used for the quality control of Baji Bushen decoction.


Abstract A new sodium phosphotantalate glass of molar composition 4.4Na2B4O7-84.3NaPO3-10.8Ta2O5-0.5Eu2O3 was studied using laser-induced fluorescence line-narrowing techniques. From the site-selective luminescence spectra of Eu3+ at 77 K, the energies of the Stark components of the 7F1 and 7F2 multiplets were obtained and a crystal-field analysis was carried out assuming a C 2v site symmetry. The dependence of the crystal-field parameters B kq on the excitation energy is similar to that observed in other oxide glasses. The behaviour of the crystal-field ratios B 22/B 20 and B 44/B 40 agrees reasonably well with the values calculated using the geometric model proposed by Brecher and Riseberg and with previous observations made for different metaphosphate glasses. On the other hand, the crystal-field strength parameter 5 is distinctly lower than for these glasses.


Alan Garcia's administraron began with great promise. The economic policy implemented in the first two years was based on a pragmatic evaluation of the country 's circumstances. The economic activation pursued was successful, however timely export promotion was not undertaken;asa result, problems began toappear in late 1986. The situation could still be saved in mid 1987, however Alan Garcia decided to expropriate the private banks. He thereby rent asunder the fundamental social contract of the country and made the economy basically unmanageable. Economic policy from that point on also left much tobe desired in terms of coherence and technical design. The result has been the worst economic crisis in recent history, and an avoidable one to boot.


The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl ester urethane resins, in which a dianhydrohexitol-compound is reacted with a diisocyanate in the presence of a monomeric radically co-polymerizable compound as a solvent and the product is reacted with a hydroxy-substituted (meth)acrylate. As a result, vinyl ester urethane resins based on dianhydrohexitol-compounds and also based on renewable raw materials can be obtained in a simple manner with high yields. Said resins are suitable as binding agents in chemical fixing engineering.


Expander-extruder processed sorghum-straw-based complete diet, corresponding mash diet and a conventional diet (containing concentrate mixture and chopped sorghum-straw) were evaluated in 18 Ongole bull calves (6 in Each group). DMI/100 kg body weight and water intake/kg DMI were similar on all the diets. Digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were significantly (P<0.01) higher on pelleted diet compared to other 2 diets while mash diet recorded higher digestibilities of these nutrients compared to conventional diet. NFE digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher on pelleted diet compared to conventional diet. Expander-extruder processing increased the DCP (P<0.01 ) and TDN (P<0.05) contents of the diet. These results indicated that blending of concentrates and roughages into complete diet was beneficial and that processing the mash using expander-extruder markedly improved the nutritive value.


Summary form only given. The use of conductive adhesives as a completion of soldering is becoming more and more important for mounting electronic components and bare dies on substrates. The new PC 3000, a thermosetting, single-component, solvent-free, silver-filled, isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) is presented. Application examples for the automotive and telecommunication industries are shown. Advantages like outstanding thermal conductivity are demonstrated and some special aspects with regard to properties and processing are discussed.


Having graduated from the University of Victoria in 1995 with David Farmer as my advisor, I learned how exciting it is to work at the cutting-edge of experimental oceanography. During my Ph.D., I studied bubble mediated air-sea gas exchange which involved chasing winter storms in the NE Pacific by ship. That work inspired our study of the role of tropical cyclones in the global carbon cycle using air deployed gas sensing floats equipped with ambient noise recorders to evaluate wave breaking effects. I was also inspired when David enthusiastically showed me on the echosounder internal waves passing under the boat in Knight Inlet. I will present our recent AUV measurements made in prominent estuarine features (e.g., salt wedge and internal hydraulic jump) and discuss the impact of these features on suspended sediment distributions and underwater acoustic communications.


The aim of this study was to compare the tactical behavior efficiency between soccer players from different age levels. The sample comprised 400 players from four age groups (Under-11, -13, -15, and -17), who performed 23,855 tactical actions. Players' tactical behavior efficiency was assessed through FUT-SAT. Statistical procedures included descriptive analysis and the tests Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results indicated that the tactical behavior efficiency tends to increase over time, except for the U-15 age level, that displayed an accentuated drop in relation to the others. It is concluded that the efficiency of tactical behavior of the players in soccer displayed differences across different age levels.


In this article, the authors attempted to comprehend how the level of psychological well-being and the image of the future in students is transformed in the context of acute social uncertainty associated with the coronavirus epidemic. To answer this problematic question, we turned to the analysis of the need-motivational-semantic sphere of students before the pandemic and after the end of the self-isolation of Russian citizens. The study was carried out in two stages. At the first stage (October 2019), 185 students of Kostroma State University (M = 20,1; SD = 1,3) were interviewed on the subject of how they understand the phenomenon of psychological well-being, after which 45 respondents (M = 19,7; SD = 0,8) were asked for filling in the method «Color metaphors» by I. L. Solomin. At the second stage (January 2021), the study was carried out according to a similar algorithm (N1 = 185; M = 20,4; SD = 0,6; N2 = 45; M = 19,3; SD = 1,1). It is shown that the coronavirus pandemic and the associated self-isolation have become a context that influenced the change in the structure of connections between meaning-forming categories in the need-motivational-semantic sphere of students. The weakening of the tightness of connections between semantic categories in the minds of the respondents serves as an indicator of students' disorientation in psychological time and space, a marker of the emergence of problems in setting goals, defining meaning and seeing oneself. First of all, this is reflected in the idea of the future, oneself in the future, happiness as the category most closely related to well-being. The image of the future has become less concretized and blurred. In the psychological time space, values-goals became less significant, but values-resources became actualized («love», «family», «health», «entertainment» , «communication», «development», «money»), i.e. that helps to feel stability, comfort, increases confidence in the future and helps to distract from the oppressive atmosphere.


In the roller kiln of cathode materials for lithium batteries, the timely measurement of temperature is very important for effective process control. However, it is sometimes difficult or costly to measure the temperature timely. To handle this problem, a kind of soft sensor modeling framework with double locally weighted kernel principal component regression based on approximate linearity dependence (ALD) is proposed, which simultaneously carries out sample and variable weighted learning in the high-dimensional and nonlinear space to solve the process time-varying and strong nonlinearity problems. Moreover, a kind of just-in-time learning framework based on ALD is adopted for selectively updating the online local models. By setting a reasonable threshold of ALD, the prediction time can be effectively reduced, and the prediction accuracy can be maintained. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on an industrial roller kiln. The results show that the proposed method can meet the requirements of prediction accuracy and time efficiency of the roller kiln of cathode materials for lithium batteries.


The key to the property rights reform in the state-owned band is to clear the ownership of property rights. However, with the settled system, the reform should be going on according to reality. Rather than administrate the property rights, it would be better to solve the banker vacancy. It is urgent for the president of the state-owned bank who stands for people's interests, to change the role to a professional banker.


Purpose: Glaucoma, the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness across the world, is progressive optic nerve degeneration and affection (neuropathy) caused by a mixture of both genetic and environmental factors [1]. The extracellular matrix (ECM) structure of the trabecular Meshwork TM has a major role in intraocular pressure IOP control. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a growth factor that plays major roles in cellular functions, including encouraging extracellular matrix synthesis and vascular angiogenesis. TGFβ2 treatment of TM cells alters ECM components [8] and induces ECM bonds. Aim of the Study: To study the relationship between family history and glaucoma according to genotype and genetic polymorphism. Methods: Blood collection and DNA extraction Genotyping: TGFB2 Rs99196 genotyping was done using TaqMan SNP genotyping Assay (ID C___8853564_10). StepOne real time PCR system (Applied Biosystem, Ca, USA) was used for amplifiction. Statistical Analysis: The sample size of the study group was calculated using a program at (www.openepi.com/SampleSize/ SSCC.htm). Results: Important genotype differences frequencies were detected between the positive family history and negative family history groups for the codominant, dominant, recessive and overdominant inheritance models. Original Research Article Mahmoud and Hashim; OR, 13(1): 25-29, 2020; Article no.OR.58784 26 Conclusion: This study recommends that other polymorphisms of genes associated with glaucoma and the analysis of these gene products and their relationship with disease risk factors should be more studied.


Abstract In the Second Empire, the burgeoning fashion press increasingly promoted a codified beauty and a plethora of ritualized codes of dressing and activity. The discourse of these magazines was also the site for an ever more insistent and invasive publicity for products to correct the reader's imperfect appearance. This article examines the editorial discourse on fashionable female appearance in the Second Empire and argues that the discourse of the fashion magazines not only co-opts women into consumption, but is also designed to alienate the woman from her body and limit the narcissistic pleasure of dress. The analysis focuses, in particular, on the editorial of the popular magazine Le Moniteur de la mode that promoted the fashionable figure of 'la Parisienne'. It also refers to the novels of Ernest Feydeau (La Comtesse de Chalis), Flaubert (L'Éducation sentimentale), the Goncourts (Renée Mauperin and Manette Salomon), and Arsène Houssaye (Les Parisiennes).


The French government has approved a major project to investigate unstable nuclei that do not occur naturally on Earth. These "exotic" nuclei will be produced at a new €130m facility called SPIRAL 2,which will be built at the GANIL laboratory in Caen. The first beams are expected to come online by 2010. Exotic nuclei are interesting because they have only ever been created in the Big Bang and inside stars. As an added bonus, the facility will also produce over 1015 neutrons per second, making it the world's most powerful source of fast neutrons.


Abstract. 1. Factors affecting cultivar preferences by the carrot fly Psila rosae F. were examined in choice tests using foliage from carrot lines representing extremes of resistance and susceptibility to attack.


Available information indicates that the black rhinoceros was formerly distributed from the Kunene River south to the Orange River, along the escarpment and eastwards past Gobabis. At present its distribution is limited to the northwestern corner of South West Africa. Apparently the black rhinoceros population never reached very high numbers in South West Africa. During 1966 there were only 90 animals left in the territory.


In this paper, we employ the sparsity-constrained least squares method to reconstruct sparse signals from the noisy measurements in high-dimensional case, and derive the existence of the optimal solution under certain conditions. We propose an inexact sparse-projected gradient method for numerical computation and discuss its convergence. Moreover, we present numerical results to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Objective To evaluate the various surgical treatments of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HIH).Methods 48 patients with HIH which in or nearby the basal ganglion were respectively received craniotomy,small window operation combined recombinant streptokinase and encephaloupuncture by stereotaxic evacuation. Results The GCS was over 11 in 39 cases and the GOS was over grade 3 in 26 cases in three months.The GOS was over grade 3 in 39 cases in six months.Three cases were dead. Conclusion Small window surgery and sterotactic aspiration should be used in mild cases.Craniotomy should be used in the serious patients.


SULT2B1b is distinct in contrast to other SULT isoforms due to its unique amino‐ and carboxy (C)‐terminal peptides. We have reported that phosphorylation of Ser348 on its C‐terminus enables SULT2B1b to translocate to the nucleus. To understand the role of the C‐terminal phospho‐S348, an in silico molecular mimic was made by mutating Ser348 to an Asp, which mimics the shape and charge of a phospho‐Ser. Homology models of SULT2B1b‐S348D show a 25Å rearrangement in the C‐terminus. To understand the functional consequences of this modification and the rearrangement, 6His‐SULT2B1b S348D was expressed and purified. The mimic 6His‐SULT2B1b S348D has a specific activity for DHEA that is ten‐fold higher than recombinant WT 6His‐SULT2B1b (21.8 and 209.6 pmol·min−1·mg−1, respectfully). Like WT, the mimic forms a homodimer, and is 60% more thermostable than WT, allowing for kinetic and fluorometric characterization that was difficult with WT enzyme. The KD for DHEA is 650±7 nM and 265±4 nM for PAP for 6His‐SULT2B1b S348D, while KDs for WT enzyme cannot be determined. The characterization of the molecular mimic SULT2B1b S348D provides a better understanding for the role of the unique structure of SULT2B1b and its affect on sulfation activity. Grant support by GMS38953 to CNF and ES05823 to MRM.


In order to evaluate the cold resistance of mutagenic lines of perennial ryegrass and obtain more cold resistance perennial ryegrasses,we studied the physiological and biochemical responses of perennial ryegrasses under low temperature(above zero)treatment,and the materials of this experiment are five mutagenic linesG3-2,G10-5,G16-1,CK9-3,CK14-3and one variety with good cold resistance-'Pinnacle'.The results of this study show that,in the process of cold acclimation,the leaf water content decrease:G16-1's leaf water content decreases by up to 3.12%.Relative membrane permeability increases and malondialdehyde accumulates: CK14-3has the lowest relative membrane permeability,which is 25.40%;while CK9-3accumulates the lowest malondialdehyde content,which is 38.06μmol/g.The osmotic regulation substances increase:CK14-3and 'Pinnacle'have lower proline content with 0.18%and 0.15%respectively;G16-1's solute protein content increases by 83.08%,which is the largest;'Pinnacle's solute sugar content is the lowest increaseing by 34.18%,and CK9-3takes the second place with 53.41%;the reducing sugar content of G10-5and G16-1weigh against'Pinnacle'with 9.01%and 9.79%separately.The antioxidant enzymes are enhanced,the superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity of CK14-3are lower,with5171.21U/(g·h)and 171.04U/(g·min) respectively,but the changing rate are quicker with 169.07%and 47.06%respectively.As to potential photochemical efficiency,G3-2and G16-1decreases by 3.46%and 3.44%separately,which are small.By principal component analysis and membership function calculating,the cold-resistance ranking of the experiment materials is'Pinnacle',G16-1,CK9-3,G10-5,CK14-3,G3-2from strong to weak.The experiment materials are classified into three types:'Pinnacle''s cold-tolerance is strong,G16-1,CK9-3,G10-5and CK14-3's are medium and G3-2's is poor.Considering the results,we find that the more cold-resistance the perennial ryegrass is,the less relative membrane permeability it has;the less leaf water content,malondialdehyde content,proline content and reducing sugar content it have,the quicker the soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase and catalase activities change,the slower solute sugar content and potential photochemical efficiency change.


A 69-year-old Japanese woman, who underwent a radical surgery with para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy for stage IC ovarian clear cell carcinoma, was referred to our department because of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). The patient had no history of diabetes, hypertension or renal diseases. Her serum creatinine was 0.56 mg/dL (normal range: 0.6–1.2) on the 7th postoperative day. However, she gradually developed anuric renal failure, despite normal urinalysis, with a serum creatinine of 4.01 mg/dL by the 16th postoperative day. The patient presented no signs of infection or progressive anaemia. Abdominal ultrasound test showed bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter and also multilocular echo-free mass that looked like 'two bladders' in the pelvic space. Transurethral bladder catheter did not resolve the situation. A computed tomography scan revealed bilateral hydronephrosis with ureteral obstruction due to symmetric large cysts in the pouch of Douglas (Fig. 1A). Percutaneous puncture of bilateral cysts and antegrade placement of the double J catheter were thus undertaken. A total of 2 L of lymphatic drainage, which was similar to the plasma in composition, was obtained (Fig. 1B). Her kidney function had almost recovered soon after these procedures. Since the drainage persisted for more than 3 weeks and further exacerbated hydronephrosis, we decided to treat the patient with sclerotherapy using OK-432 (Picibanil, Chugai Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo, Japan). All tubes could be finally removed after two episodes of successful sclerotherapy with no complication. Although the differential diagnosis of a postoperative fluid collection in the pelvis includes lymphocele, urinoma, haematoma, seroma or abscess, bilateral lesions like this case are rare. In the present case, percutaneous puncture clarified the diagnosis of lymphoceles. Pelvic lymphocele occurs at an incidence rate of 22–48.5% after lymphadenectomy in patients with gynaecologic malignancies. Postrenal AKI due to pelvic lymphocele was repeatedly reported especially in kidney transplant recipients who have only a single functioning ureter. However, pelvic lymphocele rarely causes postrenal AKI in patients with normal kidney function because it is usually described as a unilateral form. The present case demonstrated the possibility of severe postrenal AKI by the bilateral pelvic lymphoceles through the obstruction of both ureters. A small uninfected lymphocele is often asymptomatic and can be managed with conservative therapy; however, a rapidly growing or infected one requires more invasive approaches. Percutaneous catheter drainage is the first choice to attempt in the management of lymphoceles in general, but in the refractory cases, sclerotherapy would be a good alternative. OK-432 sclerotherapy may be a safe and effective treatment modality for lymphoceles and there has been only some minor complications reported, such as mild fever, flank pain and leukocytosis.


Litchi is famous for its excellent quality pleasant flavor and attractive red color. Litchi fruit contains about 60 percent Juice, 8 per cent of rag, 19 percent seed and 13 percent rind which depends upon the varieties and the climate under which it is grown. The principle chemical constituents are carbohydrates, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Aim of the study:  This study aims to evaluate the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and lymphoma and to characterize HBV‐related lymphomas. The efficacy of prophylactic lamivudine on HBV reactivation was also evaluated.


In 1999, Liping Ma's study of US and Chinese elementary teachers' mathematical knowledge presented readers with a puzzle. Why did the US teachers, all of whom had tertiary degrees and were enrolled in intensive post-graduate programs, show less knowledge of school mathematics than the Chinese teachers, who had so much less education? Why were the Chinese teachers able to connect procedural topics such as algorithms with conceptual topics such as place value and the distributive law? We believe that an important part of the explanation is that the school arithmetic in the two countries was profoundly different: Unlike the school arithmetic of their US counterparts, the solid substance of the school arithmetic learned and taught by the Chinese teachers afforded mathematical reasoning. We illustrate this claim and the meaning of "solid substance" by presenting a logical system distilled from 19th-century US and 20th-century Chinese elementary textbooks. This system extends the system described in our 2018 article "The Theory of School Arithmetic: Whole Numbers."


Abstract : The report provides a frequency domain analysis for the tension in long, taut mooring lines. The analysis considers both the steady state and dynamic conditions. Computer programs for the analysis of both cases are included. The requirement of linearity of the system evident in frequency domain analysis calls for linearization of such features as drag and internal damping. These matters are dealt with and the order of practical relevance discussed in a quantitative manner.


Previous work (Herscovics, 1969) demonstrated that mannose and galactose are incorporated into the carbohydrate groups of thyroglobulin at different times in the elaboration of this glycoprotein from its subunit precursors. Mannose is incorporated on subunits of thyroglobulin at about the time of their synthesis, whereas galactose is incorporated over 30min later near the time of aggregation of subunits to form non-iodinated thyroglobulin (17-18 S protein). It was concluded that this difference in time is related to the positions of these two sugars in the oligosaccharides of thyroglobulin,


OBJECTIVE To study the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial plastics and its depressing effect to biofilm on the plastics′s surface. METHODS Test tube dilution method was adopted to study the antimicrobial activity and spectrum of antimicrobial plastics. Plate live bacterial recording method and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were introduced to study the formation of biofilm. RESULTS Wide inhibiting spectrum to pathogenic microbe such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,and Escherichia coli was confirmed,and the biofilm was formed after four stages,ie deposit,adhesion,propagation and biofilm formation,and propagation of microbe was found to be inhibited greatly in the surface of antimicrobial plastics,so that the formation of biofilm in the surface of antimicrobial plastics was held back,and the observation of SEM also confirmed that no biofilm was formed in the antimicrobial plastics′s surface. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial plastics could inhibit pathogenic microbe remarkably with wide inhibiting spectrum,and it could also depress the formation of biofilm in the surface,which indicated that it is a promising approach to prevent catheter related infections by adopting antimicrobial catheters.


1. The abundance of shrubs has increased throughout Earth's arid lands. This 'shrub encroachment' has been linked to livestock grazing, fire-suppression and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations facilitating shrub recruitment. Apex predators initiate trophic cascades which can influence the abundance of many species across multiple trophic levels within ecosystems. Extirpation of apex predators is linked inextricably to pastoralism, but has not been considered as a factor contributing to shrub encroachment. 2. Here, we ask if trophic cascades triggered by the extirpation of Australia's largest terrestrial predator, the dingo (Canis dingo), could be a driver of shrub encroachment in the Strzelecki Desert, Australia. 3. We use aerial photographs spanning a 51-year period to compare shrub cover between areas where dingoes are historically rare and common. We then quantify contemporary patterns of shrub, shrub seedling and mammal abundances, and use structural equation modelling to compare competing trophic cascade hypotheses to explain how dingoes could influence shrub recruitment. Finally, we track the fate of seedlings of an encroaching shrub, hopbush (Dodonaea viscosa angustissima), during a period optimal for seedling recruitment, and quantify removal rates of hopbush seeds by rodents from enriched seed patches. 4. Shrub cover was 26–48% greater in areas where dingoes were rare than common. Our structural equation modelling supported the hypothesis that dingo removal facilitates shrub encroachment by triggering a four level trophic cascade. According to this model, increased mesopredator abundance in the absence of dingoes results in suppressed abundance of consumers of shrub seeds and seedlings, rodents and rabbits respectively. In turn, suppressed abundances of rodents and rabbits in the absence of dingoes relaxed a recruitment bottleneck for shrubs. The results of our SEM were supported by results showing that rates of hopbush seedling survival and seed removal were 1 7 times greater and 2 1 times lower in areas where dingoes were rare than common. 5. Our study provides evidence linking the suppression of an apex predator to the historic encroachment of shrubs. We contend that trophic cascades induced by apex predator extirpation may be an overlooked driver of shrub encroachment. Key-words: arid lands, dingo, fire, herbivore, mesopredator release hypothesis, shrub encroachment, top predator, trophic cascade *Correspondence author. E-mails: firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2016 British Ecological Society Journal of Animal Ecology 2017, 86, 147–157 doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12607


Online Apparel Industry is one of the growing industries among many other online markets. The industry is moving towards a major technological shift due to new and innovative tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR). Customer Experience Management is highly influenced by gaining customer satisfaction via integrated AI technology for providing efficient customer service. This study emphasizes the intervention of AI technology with online clothing websites such as Jabong and Myntra. The findings explore that Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Services, Personalization services, Visual Assistance and Fit Intelligence Services are enhanced from AI tools that lead to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention. The research utilized non-probability Judgmental Sampling and snowball sampling where the respondents belong to Tamil Nadu State and were genuine online customers who purchase clothes from online clothing websites


This article is devoted to solving the problem of epistemological and ontological insufficiency of traditional scientific approaches applied to the comprehension of social phenomena presented in their disordered, chaotic multidisciplinary theoretical images (interpretations). A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of disciplinary strategies / programs for comprehending social phenomena that serve as the object of scientific views of a number of scientific fields has shown that they demonstrate a pronounced methodological approach, lack of clarity of which description language describes / is able to fully describe their object of scientific knowledge. The key specificity of the problematization of the article is determined by the fact that the focus is on the process / result of reconstructing / constructing theoretical interpretations of a social phenomenon taken in the coordinates of space and time. It is proposed to correlate the following processes with the process of understanding the theoretical interpretations of the studied social phenomenon: reconstruction (past, present) and scenario construction (present, future). The author's analytical position is determined by the fact that theoretical interpretations of the perceived social phenomenon will always belong exclusively to the past and future of its plans, but not to the present. This implicit, but very important facet, unfortunately, escapes in the dominant and well-established theoretical reflection of social phenomena today. The main purpose of this publication is to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties, relying on the proposed universal concept of comprehension of multidisciplinary social phenomena. The author's approach proposed in the publication, based on the idea of understanding the theoretical interpretations of the social phenomenon under study belonging to the world of the past (reconstruction - for understanding the theorizations of its past events) and the future (scenario construction - for reflection on the theoretical pictures of its future events), is designed to overcome the discovered problem. Summarizing, the paper formulated the principles for determining the optimal way to comprehend social phenomena and the key prohibitions dictated by the author's concept of comprehending social phenomena revealed to the researcher in their multidisciplinary interpretations /theorizations.


Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious diseases. Empiric treatment of urinary infections depends on predictable levels of the causative agents of this kind of infections and awareness of antibiotic sensitivity pattern. This study was conducted to identify causative agents of urinary tract infection and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, during August 2012 to September 2013, from all outpatients suspected of urinary tract infection, who referred to Imam Reza specialized polyclinic of Arak University of Medical Sciences, urine sample was collected for analysis and culture, of which 750 patients were culture-positive. Identification of bacteria was performed using standard tests, and their susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test with 95% confidence interval. Significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The most frequently isolated pathogen were Escherichia coli (66.8%), Enterobacter spp. (13.1%), Nonhemolytic Streptococci (6.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.9%), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2.9%). The results of antibiotic resistance analysis for Escherichia coli , as the most prevalent pathogen of urinary tract infection, were as follows: co-trimoxazole (55.1%), nalidixic acid (54.9%), nitrofurantoin (2.2%), norfloxacin (36.2%), ciprofloxacin (37.2%), co-amoxiclav (86.8%), ceftizoxime (18.8%), gentamicin (30.5%), cefixime (30.5%), ceftriaxone (25.6%), ceftazidime (25.7%), and cefotaxime (37.5%). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in order to select the appropriate antibiotic for treatment of urinary tract infections, bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of urinary pathogens should be considered.


Cervantes shows a particular sensitivity towards some linguistic deformations. In the theatre, and more specifically in the short theatre, these deformations serve a comic purpose in dialogue, and aim to define characters. On the one hand, they concentrate on situations that manifest the vision of the world and attitudes of the language deformers. On the other hand, these traits connect with Cervantes's specific conception of speech.


Background Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale assessment will be useful in identifying psychological pain level and in evaluating suicide risk. Due to the lack of a psychometrically valid tool in China, this study aims to translate the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale into Chinese and transculturally adapt the scale for the assessment of psychological pain of patients with depression.Methods Translators converted English version of the instrument into Chinese according to the Brislin translation model. A two-round Delphi survey with seven experts in psychiatry, psychology and psychiatric nursing established a consensus on the Chinese version of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale. Reconciled version was pretested in interviews with thirty depressed patients before finalization.Results The prefinal Chinese version of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale consisted of nine dimensions and 44 items. Effective recovery rates of two rounds of Delphi survey were both 100% and the authority coefficients were 0.871, 0.836, respectively. For the content validity, I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave in this study were 0.86-1, 0.97, respectively. During the translation, approximately 22.73% of all items were considered to be difficult to translate and 83.33% of all participants thought that these items were important. A total of thirty participants who were recruited from psychiatric department and medical psychological department of one tertiary psychiatric hospital in China took part in cognitive interviews. Most participants (n=26, 86.67%) reported that the items were easy understanding.Conclusion Chinese version of the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale was translated and transculturally adapted for use in clinical setting. This is an available instrument to evaluate psychological pain level and it is highly meaningful to include the psychological pain instrument for suicide risk.