1. The injection-hydride heat pump comprising hydride forming material filled high and low pressure reactors equipped with a heating-cooling element and the supply and discharge nozzles hydride, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency, reactors interconnected conduits feeding the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated mate7 / 7; rj h 1 rial having thermal contact with each other and provided with devices for moving the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated material from the reactor at low pressure high pressure reactor and in the opposite direction. 2.Nasos claim. 1, characterized in that the low pressure reactor located above the high-pressure reactor, and the device for moving the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated material is formed as the throttle and the additional heater mounted respectively on pipes feeding the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated material. 3.Nasos of claims. 1 and 2, characterized in that the device for moving the guide .rirovannogo and dehydrogenated material formed as schlyuzovyh hoppers (A input and output pipes connected via valves to conduits supplying hydrogenated and dehydrogenated material. With 00


Background Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is a limb and life-threatening condition. Current NHS guidelines suggest that suspected CLI patients should be assessed by a vascular nurse practitioner (VNP) within 7 days of GP-presentation. Any indicated procedure should then be performed within the following 6 weeks. Retrospective review of patient records (n=9) at this Trust showed that mean time from GP presentation to VNP review was 8.1±3.1 weeks, with a subsequent procedure requiring further 15.8±5.2 weeks. Aim To design referral pathways that the Trust believes will lead to CLI patients receiving vital treatment sooner. Methods Baseline surveys were obtained from 14 stakeholders to assess perceptions of current referral pathways. Our survey comprised 10 questions, assessed using a five-point Likert scale (maximum score 50), with a higher score indicating greater confidence in the system. We also designed new pathways in conjunction with a new tiered scoring system to assess disease severity. Using Plan-Do Study-Act (PDSA) cycles, we then presented these to the same stakeholders, and further reformed our pathways based on feedback. Overall, we completed 2 PDSA cycles, presenting to a senior VNP, and then to the vascular multidisciplinary team meeting. Results We designed 3 new referral pathways, 'red', 'amber' and 'green'. Each pathway had a different proposed timeline corresponding to patient disease severity, as assessed using our tiered scoring system. Baseline mean survey score was 25.4±2.3, and final mean score was 33.9±5.2. This represented a significant improvement in stakeholder confidence (Wilxocon Signed-Ranks test, p=0.003). Conclusions Improving perceptions of necessary change is an important step to implementing such change. It is necessary to build a culture of improvement prior to implementing any. We have designed new CLI referral pathways that are perceived to be superior to the current pathways. Although further refinement is likely necessary, we believe these pathways are suitable for implementation in the near future.


Iron deficiency anemia is anemia arising from reduced iron supply for erythropoesis. Anemia can pose a risk to young women both long-term and short-term. One of the efforts that the government has made to overcome the problem of anemia in adolescents is through the provision of Fe tablet supplements in the form of iron. Objective s: Knowing the relationship between Fe tablets to increasing hemoglobin levels in adolescent women at risk of anemia at the Klungkung Health Center 1, Klungkung Regency. Menthod: Observational analytical quantitative research with cross sectional study research design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The study was conducted in the coverage area of Puskesmas Klungkung 1 in December 2022- January 2023. The study sample was 91 respondents. The data obtained were analyzed with the chi square test. The limit of significance values is (p < 0.05). Result: In 91 female adolescent respondents who experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels as many as 56 respondents. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the p-value < 0.05 (p-value = 0.00). Conclution: There is a significant relationship between giving Fe tablets to increasing hemoglobin levels in adolescent women at risk of anemia at the Klungkung Health Center 1, Klungkung Regency.


This directory lists addresses useful to MLA members iu their scholarly and professional ac tivities. Acronyms are given in brackets following the full names of organizations. Learned and professional societies and book publishers (including uni versity presses} known to be in terested in books on language and literature are included. Journals and periodicals are not listed; readers should con sult the MLA Directory of Peri odicals: A Guide to Journals and Series in Languages and Literatures, which is available from the member and customer services office of the MLA. The information was updated in late spring 2001. The list is not comprehensive. Academic Alliances in Foreign Langs and Lits— Cmimms. Anne Fountain. Peace Coll, Raleigh, NC 27604-1194: fax: 919 508-2326: Clara Krug, Georgia Soulliern Univ. Box 8081, Statesboro 304608081; fax: 912 681-0652


THIS study is a review of 36 cases of adenomyoma of the rectovaginal septum, in which the patients were referred to the Section on Therapeutic Radiology, at the Mayo Clinic. The first case was observed in 1918, and the last three cases were observed in 1934. An adenomyoma is a tumor composed of glandular and muscular tissue. Considered from a general standpoint, this type of tumor may be found in many organs of the body, and when so situated, it usually is representative of the structure of the tissue from which it arises. This consideration deals in part with adenomyomas of the uterus, and specifically with adenomyomas found in the rectovaginal space. Lockyer, in 1913, presented a paper entitled "Adenomyoma in the Recto-uterine and Recto-vaginal Septa," and he accordingly is accredited with having been the first to identify this phase of the disease. Keene and Kimbrough found that the earliest contribution to the subject, which dealt with adenomyomas of the uterus, was the report by Rokitansky, in 1860. ...


Responding to Regulatory Changes in Agrochemical Research Management Commitment to the Good Laboratory Practices Process Preparing Standard Operating Procedures for Field Studies Preparing Standard Operating Procedures for the Laboratory Designing Protocols for Field Studies Practical Protocols for the Laboratory Test Substance and Specimen Chain of Custody in Field Studies Practical Applications for Chain of Custody Within an Analytical Laboratory Test Substance and Analytical Reference Standard Characterization and Accountability Reporting Study Results The Quality Assurance Unit: The Master Schedule and the Archives Facility Inspection Conduct: Quality Assurance Perspective for Field Studies Analytical Phase Inspection of Residue Chemistry and Environmental Studies Data Audits for Field Studies Laboratory Data Auditing Working Models of Computer System Validation and Verification Validation of Laboratory Computer Software Product Chemistry from the Formulation Perspective Compliance for Routine and Nonroutine Field Studies Nonbiased Field Sampling Processing Studies Livestock Studies Specialized Field Testing: Worker Protection Mesocosm Studies and Other Aquatic Field Studies with Pesticides Terrestrial Field Studies Problems with Ecotoxicological Field Studies Agrochemical Groundwater Studies Runoff Studies Auditing Field Studies: Government Perspective Is the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Good Laboratory Practices Program at a Crossroads? Good Laboratory Practice Standards Policies and Interpretations Economic Impact of Regulations on Field Contractors and an Agrochemical Company Harmonization and Prospects for the Future


Indonesia is one of the world's most populous archipelagic countries. Approximately 270 million people live on a total of 17 845 islands that straddle the middle of the equator. Indonesia is also a multi-ethnic country, having 931 ethnic groupings and 731 distinct dialects. The globe and geopolitics tensions are highly dynamic in the current period of globalization, and changes in one state will influence other countries. As a consequence, changes in a state's strategic environment might have an impact on its stability. These surroundings' influence can have a good impact or improve internal stability, but it can also have negative consequences that endanger internal stability. A state's resilience is determined by the flexibility of all elements of its sociopolitical existence, which is referred to as national resilience. In general, national resilience is described as an organization's capacity to foresee, plan for, respond to, and adapt to gradual change and abrupt shocks in order to survive and thrive. The application of national resilience index measurement is created utilizing the GIS method to determine the state of national resilience. This system is extremely beneficial for undertaking a diagnostic of national resilience conditions and changes in each region at all times. By evaluating national resilience, various strategies may be developed to anticipate diverse environmental effects. This technology may also be used to forecast future situations and generate multiple scenarios for countermeasures using a dynamic system approach.


The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex system composed of an intricate network of proteins, polysaccharides and cells. There is a large variance in the ECM's mechanical and biochemical properties depending on the tissue or organ type. In this study, a hydrogel is developed to mimic soft tissue ECM using hyaluronic acid as the backbone biopolymer. The hydrogel's mechanical properties, such as shear storage modulus (G'), are directly modulated by the degree of crosslinking. Adult human neural stem cells are maintained and differentiated within the hydrogels for 2 weeks. Cell viability and differentiation was analyzed using live-cell imaging methods and biochemical assays.


Backgrounds : Tuberculosis of the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) is currently increasing in number and becoming one of the world's health problems, including in Indonesia. According to the doctor Lung Association in Indonesia, the biggest cause of death in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis is pulmonary tuberculosis that occurs in patients with HIV / AIDS. Virulence (malignancy basil) and the immune system where the immune system is closely linked to the function of environment, such as housing, employment, immunological functions, which facilitate infection disease state such as diabetes mellitus, Measles, and genetic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis were treated in the department of Internal Medicine Ward dr. Kariadi Semarang. Methods: The study design was a retrospective descriptive study, using 110 medical records of hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Ward period Juli 2012- August 2013 as the sample. The data was described in the form of tables and figures. Results : Number of patients with pulmonary Tb total of 110 patients, consisting of 71 men and 39 women and the most at productive age of 76 patients. Most of clinical symptoms are cough over 3 weeks and clinical sign belongs to patients. 88.2% of patients had decreased fremitus vocal sound. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with smear + .On general blood tests was found 74.54% anemia, 46.36% limfopeni, 60.91% netrofili, and radiological examination in 97.3% of patients who had a cloudy shadow of the images / nodular. Most of comorbid desease of pulmonary Tb existing in hospitalized patients was HIV consists of 20% of patients. There are drugs side effects of the use of OAT that damage a person's liver function. Most complication that occurs is pneumothorax. Most of long hospitalized for 1-2 weeks at most by using health insurance. The results of treatment was total of 18 patients died, 2 of them died without complications. Conclusions: The results of this study have almost the same results with the research that has been done before


Unamuno, like all the great classic Western thinkers, is eternally relevant to the present time. His reflections concerning what a democracy should be are in this sense an expression of the timelessness of his political thought. Certainly the question of what democratic citizenship is and involves is motivating the thinking of many of today's philosophers; it is also no less certain that no other author has been so consistent in taking to the limit the relation between the idea of that concept and its implementation in his civic life. Unamuno – as an irascible "intellectual-politician" in self-exile in Paris owing to his confrontation with the Miguel Primo de Rivera dictatorship, the monarchy and the king– is the highest example of how current democracy and citizenship should be understood and practised in terms of political intervention established on free examination of conscience. And it is precisely here where the influence of German liberal Protestantism played as decisive role in his intellectual formation, especially for an author so adept in heresy as deconstruction of orthodoxies and dogmas that disallow individual thought in its freedom and autonomy.


Abstract : Preliminary study shows the feasibility of synthesizing Tchebyscheff-type radiation patterns with predictable side-lobe levels for a circular-array antenna with all elements fed. Results are contrasted with results of studies of circular-arc arrays of the cophasal type. Parameters and resulting pattern characteristics (system errors neglected) are given for both types of array. (Author)


ABSTRACT This study presents the formulation of a quantitative and qualitative index of quality for accredited institutions based on their performance in five components related to institutional quality: research, students' performance, dropout rates, employability, and accreditation. This index will allow each accredited institution to identify its competences and shortcomings in contrast to the rest, not with the intention of establishing a stiff metrics and positioning system, but of generating information inputs that are flexible and relevant and that allow the revision of each university's status, thus constituting the foundations for a Colombian accreditation observatory for the purpose of continuous improvement.


A family of miniature pressure transducers is described which employs silicon strain gages bonded with silicon dioxide to shaped silicon diaphragms. A very high doping level is used in the strain gages, so that sensor performance is well assured to the 300oC temperature limit. The performance is comparable to etch contoured diffused sensors of the same size. The 300oC service limit is set by an integral Teflon cable and by organic resins used in the assembly. Introduction Integrally diffused silicon pressure transducers are in common use and provide good performance, particularly for aerodynamic studies. They are, however, temperature-limited. At about 160°C electrical leakage through the diffused junction becomes excessive and noisy. Various means have been proposed to isolate piezoresistive gages from four summing diaphragms at high temperature (1, 2, 3). We have adopted a means which allows use of single crystal material for both gages and diaphragms, and which suggests good performance well beyond our temperature of immediate interest. The temperature limit for the silicon sensor is set by our use of aluminum leads, and is well above other temperature limits in the transducer. The complete transducer has, in addition to the sensor, a block of compensation circuitry, a stainless steel case, and an integral Teflon cable. These components and the seals between them present the real temperature limits of the transducer. Silicon sensor The starting point for this development was an existing family of diffused-gage sensors with etch-contouring to concentrate stress at the gages (4, 5). A moat-andisland pattern etched into the force-summing diaphragm concentrates pressure-induced strains at moat bottoms at the center and near the edge. Transverse strain gages are diffused opposite these moat bottoms (Figure 1). The concentration of stress at the gages gives both a large product of sensitivity times resonant frequency and strength to survive large overloads. The use of transverse gages offers an opportunity to manipulate linearity. The available means for replacing the diode isolation of the strain gages by dielectric isolation are many and diverse. One of the oldest is bonding gages to a diaphragm with solder glass (1.2). A variation of this is to bond a film of glass to diaphragm with an electrostatic bond, then to bond the gage to the glass film by the same process (6). Another means is to use a dielectric diaphragm; silicon grown epitaxially on sapphire makes very nice strain gages. The sapphire, however, is difficult to shape into any but the simplest of diaphragms. Two other options are provided by growing onto a crystal of silicon first an insulating oxide and then a layer of polycrystalline silicon. The single crystal may be used to make a diaphragm, but the diaphragm is restricted to simple shapes. The single crystal may become the diaphragm and be elegantly etched, the polycrystalline material can be used to make gages, but the gage factor is low (7). Figure 1 Diffused, etch-contoured pressure sensor In this development single crystal silicon is used on both sides of the dielectric barrier, allowing both high quality gages and precise etching of the diaphragm. The dielectric barrier, which is also the mechanical bond between gages and diaphragm, is nearly pure silicon dioxide, strong, stable, and of low thermal expansion. The technique chosen is an oxide diffusion bond, in which a very thin film of low melting oxide wets the interface between two wafers, then at very high temperature dissolves and diffuses into thicker films of silicon dioxide to leave a bond of high temperature glass. A wafer of diaphragms is etched to a specified configuration. The wafer to become gages is geven a heavy surface doping of boron, and the oxide diffusion bond is made, attaching gage wafer to diaphragm wafer. Then by chemnical means all of the "gage" wafer is removed except the heavily doped layer, about one micrometer thick. The gage layer is then patterned by photolithography into conventional zigzag strain gages on the high stress portions of the diaphragms and contacted with aluminum. The result looks quite similar to an integrally diffused sensor (see Figure 2). On a microscopic scale there is significant difference between the oxide bonded gage and a diffused gage (see Figure 3). Where a diffused gage is mechanically continuous with its substrate, the oxide bonded gage stands well above its substrate on a layer of lower elastic modulus. This geometry makes the communication of transverse strain from substrate to gage very inefficient, and encourages the use of a lengthwise rather than a transverse strain gage. The strain field to be gaged is short in the direction of strain, broad in the direction across the strain. Gages are stitched back and forth across the strain field. The strain gages are heavily doped, P-type silicon of (111) orientation. The heavy doping reduces the gage factor Figure 3 Oxide-bonded gage Figure 2 Oxide-bonded die, two views but makes it less responsive to temperatuer, declining only 0.12%°C. The diaphragm with gages is bonded with solder glass to a more massive silicon ring to make diaphragm stresses more predictable and repeatable, and to make more remote the eventual connection to thermally mismatched material. Compensation Sensitivity compensation and zero balance resistors are incorporated into the transducer. Thick film resistors have proven adequate for this use. The gain compensation resistors are printed directly onto a ceramic substrate in the transducer and trimmed to accommodate various die resistances. Zero balance resistors are separate parts, cemented into place and wirebonded to the substrate. Case and cable The transducer is packaged in the familiar 10-32 bolt configuration (figure 4). The cable is a relatively conventional instrumentation cable, four conductor, shielded and jacked. The conductors are nickel plated to endure high temperatures. The insulation is Teflon FPFA, which is nicely waterproof, tough, etc., but which imposes the acute temperature limit on the transducer. At 316°C it melts. The Teflon is extremely difficult to seal, so is terminated just outside the case enclosure. Bare conductors are fed into the enclosure and sealed to make the case pressure tight. The case is 17-4 pH stainless steel, which is strong, oxidation resistant, corrosion resistant, and familiar. Unfortunately it is also of much greater expansion than silicon, so a soft seal is needed between silicon parts and the case. This seal is made with silicone rubber, and imopses a time-attemperature limit on the transudcer. Heat-aging the rubber decreases its elasticity, so eventually on thermal cycling the seals leak. This limit is roughly 24 hours at 310°C or 200 hours at 285°C. A polyamide cement is also used in the assembly. It has a greater time-at-temperature tolerance than the silicone rubber, but makes stable seals between dissimilar materials only when some very restrictive design conditions are met. Performance The performance of the transducer is quite similar to that of the etch contoured diffused transducers which it resembles, but extends to higher temperatures. Full scale response is cited as 300 mV at 10 V supply. Ranges from 10 psi (70 kP) to 200 psi (1.4 MP) have been built and evaluated. Resonant frequencies appear somewhat higher for these sensors than for comparable diffused sensors. A 20 psi unit was resonant at 180 kHz and a 100 psi unit at 280 kHz. The linearity is good, but not quite so good as for diffused transverse gage sensors. The linearity is good Figure 4 Completed transducer Figure 5 Nonlinearity enough that there is little point to displaying an output vs. input curve. Linearity data are presented (Figure 5) as error relative to the line of endpoints vs. output. On this scale, error approaches 1% in the 300 mV nominal range at 20°C, but declines to 1/2% at 260°C. At the higher temperatuer, however, the sensitivity drops (error increases) not far beyond the nominal range. The shape of the nonlinearity is such that little improvement is made by deranging (using a transducer to a fraction of its nominal range). Sensitivity compensation and zero trim are used to keep temperature induced errors to a few percent. Uncompensated, the sensitivity would decline 25% from 20°C to 300°C. With an ideal series resistor it would be held to ±1% over the range, but manufacturing tolerances are likely to leave a few percent of sensitivity shift (Figure 6). The initial zero unbalance of the sensors has been large, but has been quite stable with temperature. Zero and zero/temperature are reduced by the addition of fixed resistors to legs of the bridge. This typically leaves one to two percent each of zero and of change of zero over the temperature span. (Figure 7). The designed temperature range of the transducer is 0°C to 300°C, and this is the range for which compensation and trim are applied. The transducer has been demonstrated to function properly at -180°C, but both zero balance and sensitivity showed appreciable response to the low temperature because they had been corrected only for the higher temperature. When given a thermal excursion from 20° to 290°C and back the transducers show a non-repeatability of the order of 1/4% of fullscale. This may be cumulative. It does not differ perceptibly from a 1/2 hour excursion to a 17 hour excursion. An attempt to find creep at full pressure and 290°C showed no creep above this threshold nonrepeatabiity after 160 hours. An incidental benefit of the dielectric isolation and the high doping level is an immunity to radiant energy. The response to the flashbulb flash test (ISA537.10, par. 6.7, procedure 2) is less than 0.2% F.S. It would be expected (not yet demonstrated) that ionizing radiation would be only a minor irritant to the sensor. Figure 7 Zero Compensation Figure 6 Sensitivity compensation A penalty paid for extended temperature sp


It is a daunting experience to attempt to reflect on spirituality, or on spiritual matters and exercises, from the standpoint of philosophy. This is especially difficult in an era that calls into question the validity of philosophical thinking altogether in the age of modern techno-science. It is precisely this burden that is boldly shouldered by Mohammad Azadpur in his Reason Unbound, whilst his reflections on the question concerning spirituality are mediated via the channels of interpreting the Peripatetic traditions in the intellectual history of Islam. The scope of his endeavour is not restricted to historiography and philology, which are usually transformed into projects of documentation within the mediaevalist division of the broad area of Islamic Studies, even when approaching the investigation of philosophy in pre-modern Islamic civilization. After all, the academic methodologies that dominate the conventional approaches of mediaevalists in studying the history of ideas in Islam are predominantly archival in scope. Azadpur avoids these traps by offering us interpretations of philosophical thinking in Islam that are informed by contemporary philosophical reflections, and particularly by those that have been orientated by the perspectives of the so-called 'Continental Thought', and more specifically from the viewpoint of Martin Heidegger's fundamental ontology and its critique of the history of European metaphysics. This approach in studying the philosophical legacies of pre-modern Islamic civilization is rather rare. Such pathway in interpretation runs along the trails of an intellectual landscape that I journeyed through elsewhere in reading the metaphysics of the eleventh-century polymath Ibn Sina (Avicenna) from a phenomenological vantage point that was guided by Heideggerian ontological leitmotifs. The resistance to such approaches in the academic and scholarly circles of Islamic Studies is poignant. The strictures are ultimately executed on the grounds of avoiding anachronism, and in the name of maintaining authentic expressions of fidelity to the ancient texts and their original authors. In general, this outlook ________________________


The potential advantages of co-operation between traditional and biomedical practitioners in Africa have been acknowledged, and are especially important given the extent of the HIV pandemic. Unfortunately schemes directly engaged in this process are still unusual. We report on an innovative pilot project in the Western Cape province, and describe some of the pitfalls and obstacles, but also some success. This is an extended version of a scientific letter published in the South African Medical Journal of May 2008.


Non-invasive methods of predicting embryo outcome by analyzing disclosed markers in embryo culture media Methods disclosed herein generally comprise steps of providing a sample of culture media in which an embryo has been cultured in vitro, measuring in the sample of culture media, amount of one or more markers for embryo outcome, and characterizing, on the basis of amount of the one or more markers, whether the embryo is likely to have a positive outcome In certain embodiments, the one or more markers comprise a compound selected from the group consisting of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, glycylglutamate, p-cresol sulfate, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine, and combinations thereof.


The copolymers of N cinnamic oxygenmethyl acrylamide (CMMAM) with acrylamide (AM) were prepared and the hydrogel was prepared by photocrosslinking.DSC spectrum of hydrogel was examined.Meanwhile,the swelling ability of hydrogel was preliminary studied.It turn out that Tg of hydrogel will decrease with the indecrease of CMMAM content in copolymers.


The nonlinear vibration of the thin perforated plate is analyzed in consideration of the V-shaped tension distribution and the effect of wire impact damping. The reduced order FEM model of the tension plate is obtained from dynamic condensation for the mass and stiffness matrices. Tension wire is modeled using the lumped parameter method to effectively describe its contact interactions with the plate. The nonlinear contact-impact model is composed of spring and damper elements, of which parameters are determined from the Hertzian contact theory and the restitution coefficient, respectively. From the evaluation of the computational accuracy and computation time for the deduced impact stiffness and damping coefficient, we determined proper values for the simulation works, accounting for the computational accuracy as well as the computational efficiency. Finally we discussed the results of nonlinear nitration analysis for variations of their design parameters.


We review at first the principal concepts of system safety. Then we analyze hazards of robot – human interactions – human injury and unsafe communication. We focus on hazard of collision with a human and an appropriate robot behavior mitigating this hazard. After reviewing the principal classes of robot control architectures, we evaluate their effectiveness in obstacle avoidance. Index terms – safety, robot control architecture, humanrobot interaction


Abstract The article addresses three aspects of the humanitarian intervention doctrine. It argues, first, that the value of sovereignty rests on the justified social processes of the target state – the horizontal contract. Foreign interventions, even when otherwise justified, must respect the horizontal contract. In contrast, morally objectionable social processes (such as the subjection of women) are not protected by sovereignty (intervention, of course, may be banned for other reasons). In addition, tyrants have no moral protection against interventions directed at them. Second, the article addresses the internal legitimacy of humanitarian intervention. It concludes that the liberal state may only use voluntary soldiers (either the voluntary army or mercenaries) to conduct humanitarian intervention. Conscription for that purpose is not permissible. The article shows that the long-standing criticism of mercenaries stems from a romantic prejudice and is thus unfair. Third, the article makes a distinction between intention (the determination to perform an action) and motive (a further goal that the agent seeks with that action) and shows that only intention is relevant for humanitarian intervention. A justified humanitarian intervention requires the intention to liberate the victims, but not necessarily a good further motive. It shows how mainstream doctrine has impermissibly confused the two concepts.


We discuss time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters fsM o27= TI-ADC (ADCs)asa primeexampleofmerging analog anddigital signal processing. A time-interleaved ADC (TI-ADC) consists ofM parallel ADC channel ADCsthatalternately takesamples fromtheinput signal, where l thesampling ratecanbeincreased bythenumberofchannels compared f7|1Y/l= toasingle channel. We recall theadvantages oftimeinterleaving and l investigate theproblems involved. Inparticular, we explain theerror analog input . ADC digital output behavior ofmismatches amongthechannels, whichdistort theoutput xd(t)T y(n) signal andreducethesystemperformance significantly, andprovide a fM =m2 MUX) concise framework fordealing withthem.Basedon thisanalysis, we I review theprinciple possibilities ofcalibrating TI-ADCs, wherewepoint+ ADC outthenecessities andadvantages ofdigital enhancement. Tothis end, we discuss openissues ofchannel mismatch identification aswellaschannel fIM =(M-1)I mismatch correction. I


This paper studies the power combiner efficiency of multiple Power Amplifier (PA) output signals that are combined within a low-loss contactless transition, intrinsically having low isolation characteristics. Since the PA performance is sensitive to load impedance variations, poor isolation may affect each PA performance, thereby reducing the overall power combiner efficiency. Load impedance variations can e.g. be due to process, supply-voltage and temperature variations. A four-way spatial power combiner (SPC) design is compared to an on-chip Wilkinson Power Combiner (WPC) implemented in 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology incorporating a 50 Ω impedance matching net-work. The WPC occupies 84% more area than the non-isolating SPC. Moreover, the non-isolating SPC has an average efficiency 14% larger than the WPC. For physically realistic variations, simulated results show a σ-variation of 2.81 mW in Pout and 0.87 % in PAE for the non-isolating SPC, and 2.34 mW in Pout and 0.45 % in PAE for the WPC (@1 dB compression).


The present study aims to treatment of produced water of the North Rumaila and Zubair oil fields, using stainless steel autoclave. A series of experiments were carried out at different conditions, temperature, pressure, acidity, revolution per minute (RPM) and salinity with and without flocculation .The result showed that 93% of oil was removed. An improvement was conducted when using surfactants.


In this paper we consider a semilinear parabolic equation with nonlinear and nonlocal boundary condition and nonnegative initial datum. We prove some global existence results. Criteria on this problem which determine whether the solutions blow up in finite time for large or for all nontrivial initial data are also given.


This article analyzes the positively perfect being of the person and its deformations in the Dostoyevsky's concept of terrorism. The author examines the basic components of personality, based on the patristic doctrine of the image and likeness of God. Further historical development gives some transformations related to the implementation of the idea of terror.


A common statistical problem in econometrics is to estimate the impact of a treatment on a treated unit given a control sample with untreated outcomes. Here we develop a generative learning approach to this problem, learning the probability distribution of the data, which can be used for downstream tasks such as post-treatment counterfactual prediction and hypothesis testing. We use control samples to transform the data to a Gaussian and homoschedastic form and then perform Gaussian process analysis in Fourier space, evaluating the optimal Gaussian kernel via non-parametric power spectrum estimation. We combine this Gaussian prior with the data likelihood given by the pre-treatment data of the single unit, to obtain the synthetic prediction of the unit post-treatment, which minimizes the error variance of synthetic prediction. Given the generative model the minimum variance counterfactual is unique, and comes with an associated error covariance matrix. We extend this basic formalism to include correlations of primary variable with other covariates of interest. Given the probabilistic description of generative model we can compare synthetic data prediction with real data to address the question of whether the treatment had a statistically significant impact. For this purpose we develop a hypothesis testing approach and evaluate the Bayes factor. We apply the method to the well studied example of California (CA) tobacco sales tax of 1988. We also perform a placebo analysis using control states to validate our methodology. Our hypothesis testing method suggests 5.8:1 odds in favor of CA tobacco sales tax having an impact on the tobacco sales, a value that is at least three times higher than any of the 38 control states.


This article examines the relevance of European Community (EC) rules, governing procurement procedures in member states, to tunnelling projects with an 'EC dimension'. The following Treaty of Rome principles apply to all public works contracts: (1) non- discrimination for reasons of nationality; (2) free movement of goods; (3) freedom of establishment; (4) freedom to provide services. To liberalise public procurement, the EC also has a series of rules controlling the conduct of public purchasing by member states. For example, the French Code of Public Works contains several controls applicable to public works projects, such as tunnels. A project is considered to have an 'EC dimension' if its contract price exceeds a certain amount, currently $6.5 million exclusive of VAT. The Code provides three procedures for awarding public works contracts with an EC dimension: (1) the open procedure; (2) the restricted procedure; (3) the negotiated procedure. Subject to some exceptions, it also requires technical specifications to be defined by reference to one of: (1) national standards implementing European standards; (2) European technical approvals; (3) common technical specifications. The Code has made discrimination in favour of national contractors difficult, but still possible with subtle methods.


Before quarks and gluons brought some order to the world of high-energy physics in the 1960s, particle physicists used an elusive virtual particle known as the pomeron to explain certain types of collisions. Interest in pomerons gradually waned because they were unable to explain certain aspects of subsequent higher-energy collisions, whilst attempts to make the theory more rigorous proved problematic. But new experiments at the HERA electron-proton collider at the DESY laboratory in Hamburg have resurrected the pomeron, a particle practically unknown to younger high-energy physicists."


The process for the preparation of cyanoethy starch is reacted between the cornstarch and propylene cyanogens in the presence of ethanol in an alkaline medium. And the optimal reaction conditions are listed as below: m(starch)∶m(propylene cyanogens)=1∶1, m(starch):m(sodium hydroxide)=35∶1, reaction temperature is 60℃, reaction time is 4 hours. Under these conditions, the nitrogen content in the cyanic-ethylic starch is 3.783%, and degree of substitution is 0.5122.


Since the studies of Greenstein and his coworkers (1, 2, 3) it has been well known that the liver catalase activity in tumor-bearing animals becomes greatly reduced with growth of the tumor. This phenomenon was later extensively studied by Weil-Maherbe and Schade (4) and Hargreaves and Deutsch (5), and according to Price and Greenfield (6), the depression of the catalase activity is due to a lowering of the concentration of the enzyme. Experiments carried out by Nakahara and Fukuoka (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) have indicated further that all tumors produce a specific substance (toxohormone) capable of markedly depressing liver catalase activity in mice under in vivo conditions. On the other hand, the liver catalase level appears to be connected in some way with the hormonal conditions in animals. For example, under normal conditions, the liver catalase activity in male animals is always higher than in female according to Hargreaves and Deutsch (5) and Adams (13, 14). Also, adrenalectomy or orchioectomy was reported to cause a decrease of liver catalase activity, whether in mice (13, 14, 15) or in rats (16). Moreover, it was reported by Gaebler and Mathies (17) that hypophysectomy caused an increase in liver catalase activity, and according to Zeckwer et al. (18), a similar effect was produced by thyroidectomy. (As regards the relationship between tumor and host animals, see a review recently published by Begg (19).) In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the possible interrelations between hypophyseal factors and liver catalase level in tumor-bearing animals. It was found that tumor exerts its influence on liver catalase through hypophysis or with the aid of some of the hypophyseal hormones, and that the growth hormone of the anterior pituitary plays an important role in the depression of liver catalase.


Previous intercity travel demand models in terms of their ability to predict air travel in a useful way and the need for disaggregation in the approach to demand modelling are evaluated. The viability of incorporating non-conventional factors (i.e. non-econometric, such as time and cost) in travel demand forecasting models are determined. The investigation of existing models is carried out in order to provide insight into their strong points and shortcomings. The model is characterized as a market segmentation model. This is a consequence of the strengths of disaggregation and its natural evolution to a usable aggregate formulation. The need for this approach both pedagogically and mathematically is discussed. In addition this volume contains two appendices which should prove useful to the non-specialist in the area.


Rice varieties developed through the inter-specific crosses between Asian ( Oryza sativa L.) and African cultivated rice ( O. glaberrima Steud.) have contributed to yield enhancement of African rice. However, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the African varieties have rarely been reported. In this study, we characterized 40 rice varieties including rice released in Africa based on eleven yield related agronomic traits and 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. They were grouped into three categories based on the cluster analysis using agronomic traits. Meanwhile, they were grouped into two distinct clusters, indica - and japonica -type, based on the genetic distance using 96 SNP markers. CG14, which belongs to O. glaberrima , was found to be an admixture type between indica and japonica . The number of secondary branches (SBs) was the only agronomic trait which was significantly different between two groups. The results of this study provide basic agronomic and genomic information of cultivated and tested rice varieties for Africa, that would be helpful for further rice varietal improvement in Africa.


TO THE EDITOR: I could have been flattered by Jonardon Ganeri, who placed my name between the names of Joseph Needham and Stephen Hawking and qualified my answer to the Needham question as "the most astonishing."1 And it could help me to hope that my idea is crazy enough to be right, if Ganeri had grasped my arguments and had not ascribed to me a ludicrous one. While Needham and Hawking meant physics, Ganeri has defined a brand new "well-ordered science" based on "ideal conversation among the whole public under conditions of mutual engagement," which definitely excludes the science of physics. While Needham was talking about science based on mathematized hypotheses about Nature, Ganeri is speaking about studies of art, literature, and all the rest as parts of a universal "rational scientific inquiry." However, the latter expression doesn't well describe modern physics, if "rational" means "logical." In physics logic governs (though not absolutely) verification of knowledge, but the whole scientific enterprise involves pretty irrational inventing of new fundamental concepts and axioms. Einstein explained this combination of the rational and irrational by a diagram in his letter to M. Solovine (of 7 May 1952):


INTRODUCTION Cardiac complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM increases the risk of morbid events in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), hypercholesterolemia, and postmyocardial infarction (MI) (1,2). Moreover, DM can lead to cardiac dysfunction, microvascular impairment, structural remodeling and eventually heart failure (HF) in the absence of a known underlying pathology (for example, CAD or HTN) (3,4). The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been reviewed recently (3,5,6). Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of the cardiovascular system and peripheral vasculature (7,8). THs influence myocardial contractility, total peripheral resistance and ultimately cardiac output (7,8). Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with cardiovascular dysfunction including impaired contractility and decreased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, impaired coronary blood flow and relaxation abnormalities, which results in an increased clinical risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (9–12). In rodent models, we demonstrated previously that chronic hypothyroidism Low-Dose T3 Replacement Restores Depressed Cardiac T3 Levels, Preserves Coronary Microvasculature and Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus


Inconsistencies in relationshipsbetween symptoms and objective measures of severity of illness contribute to uncertainty regarding the value of patient report of heart failure (HF) symptoms. The paucity of evidence is partially explained by differences in measurement of HF symptom burden. Symptom burden of HF has been quantified using the presence or absence of HF symptoms, extrapolated symptoms from quality-of-life measures or functional status, as well as limited assessment of dyspnea and fatigue or simply on the basis of clinician perspective. All of these measurement issues potentially diminish the value of patient report. Importantly, few investigators quantified a full range of potential physical HF symptoms or included psychological symptoms (eg, depression) commonly experienced by patients with HF. As Denfeld and colleagues recognize, symptoms of HF are the main drivers of healthcare use as well as important indicators of health status and quality of life. The study by Denfeld and colleagues provides compelling evidence about the relationship of HF symptoms and biomechanical indices contributing to understanding of the pathogenesis underlying HF symptoms. Symptoms of HF vary between patients and within patients depending on factors such as severity of illness, comorbidity, age, environment, mood, and activity. Disregarding the heterogeneity of symptoms among patients with HF may confound the relationship between objective HF indices and symptom burden. Accurate assessment of HF symptoms poses challenges. It is important to note that patients may report absence of dyspnea if asymptomatic at rest, that some patients do not consider fatigue as a symptom, and that patients are known to deny edema later found on physical examination. Assessment of both nonspecific and specific HF symptoms, anxiety, and depression in relation to cardiac biomechanics is a strength of the current study. The interplay of physical and psychological symptoms is particularly interesting. Specifically, 17.1% of the variance in physical symptom burden and 24.1% of the variance in anxiety scores were explained in cardiac biomechanics and related clinical characteristics. These results provide further evidence supporting symptom burden as a therapeutic target. Importantly, because symptoms predict survival, careful assessment and tracking of symptoms beyond those typically documented in the medical record (eg, dyspnea, fatigue, and weight gain) are warranted. The pathogenesis of HF symptoms is decidedly complex considering the interplay of physiological, psychological, environmental, and social factors. The heterogeneity of symptomsandsubpopulationsamong patients with HF add additional challenges to understanding relationships between patient perception of symptoms and objective measures of HF. To further understand how symptoms of HF are manifested and experienced by patients, future research exploring the many subgroups among patients with HF is needed (eg, by


9089Background: Most of targetable gene alterations are found only in 1-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Large scale screening systems for these rare populations are necessary for the development of molecular targeted therapies. Thus, a nationwide lung cancer genomic screening project in Japan (LC-SCRUM-Japan) has been operated since February 2013. Methods: Non-squamous NSCLCs without EGFR mutations were eligible for inclusion in this study. The tumors were analyzed for ALK/RET/ROS1 fusions using RT-PCR, and detected fusions were confirmed by FISH. Since March 2015, this nationwide project has been amended to an academic-industrial collaboration project with 14 pharmaceutical companies, and the samples were further subjected to a next-generation sequencing (NGS) system, Oncomine Comprehensive Assay, enabling the simultaneous analysis of 143 cancer-related genes. Results: As of December 31, 2015, 195 institutions across Japan were participating and 2161 patients had been enrolled. Among 1988...


The present investigation was carried out under open field conditions during the year 2018-19 to ascertain the influence of spent mushroom compost, biofertilizers and foliar application of water soluble fertilizer, Mono Potassium Phosphate (MKP) on flower yield and economics of French marigold 'Local'. The results revealed that the overall cost of cultivation as well as the economics of marigold flower production was significantly influenced by various Integrated nutrient management (INM) schedules. French marigold 'Local' plants supplied with 75% RDF + Spent mushroom compost (1 kg/m2) + Biofertilizers + 1% foliar spray of MKP (00:52:34) produced maximum yield of saleable flowers (25000 Kg/ha) followed by 75% RDF + Biofertilizers + 1% foliar spray of MKP (23000 Kg/ha) which was significantly superior over the 100% RDF recording 20000 Kg/ha flower yield. Both the above mentioned treatments also recorded maximum net returns of Rs.339171.60/ha. The highest benefit : cost (B: C) ratio of 2.81 was recorded with the treatment 75% RDF + Biofertilizers + 1% foliar spray of MKP.


Foreign brand attitude and reference group influence are limited in terms of providing sufficient explanation to the cross-border online shopping (COS) behaviour of consumers. Therefore, two different cultural concepts and intercultural adaption should be considered in the COS context. This study chose healthy consumer ethnocentrism (CET) as a national-oriented cultural concept and intercultural sensitivity (ICS) as product country-of-origin-oriented cultural concept. Data analysis of 201 online questionnaires shows that foreign brand attitude and COS intention is positively affected by ICS but negatively influenced by healthy CET. Moreover, the influence of value-expressive reference group positively affects the COS intention. Given the moderating effect of gender, the influences of males and females on the COS intention have several differences. This study revealed the complex mentality of Chinese consumers during COS that is affected by cultural concepts of varying orientations.


In the paper, the g-factor and the zero-field splitting parameters D and E of Mn(superscript 2+) -doped bis (L-Asparaginato) Zn (II) are calculated according to Semi-SCF 3d-Orbit Model, the Point-Charge Model and average covalent factor Model. The theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data.


effective atomic Dual-energy material-specific low- high-en-ergy beam-hardening images data, Objective: The purpose of the current study is to create a contrast medium extraction method using raw-da-ta-based electron density (rED) and CT number from dual-energy CT (DECT) for automatic delineation of the contrast region. methods: A CT-ED phantom containing tissue-equiv-alent inserts and an acrylic phantom with an iodinated contrast medium were scanned by DECT. The contrast medium extraction system was created using Python. The accuracy of the contrast medium extraction was evaluated by measuring the diameter in terms of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the ratio of the volume (ROV). results: Mean-2SD CT numbers and the difference of the CT numbers (DCT) of the contrast medium at 0–130 mg ml −1 contrast medium concentration and the bone materials were more than −33 and −20 HU, respec-tively. In the correlation of rED and CT number, the gradient with the contrast medium phantom was greater than that with the CT-ED phantom. The accuracy of the contrast medium at 80 kV/135 kV and 100 kV/135 kV tube voltages. The gradient of the CT-ED and contrast medium phantoms were different. The gradient in the CT-ED phantom and the contrast medium was 0.0012 and 0.0003 at 80 kV/135 kV, and 0.0015 and 0.0005 at 100 kV/135 kV tube voltages, respectively. The ratio of the measured to the actual diameter in FWHM and ROV was 0.98–1.00 at 2–130 mg ml −1 .


Justiciability should no longer be thought of from a static and neutral position in which the Codes contain provisions with principles or rules that impose, limit, prohibit or allow conduct, since this view of the law limits justiciability. This proposal addresses a simple idea that is subversive of the main paradigms of law in Latin America: the categories of rights limit justiciability in a Social State governed by the rule of law. Therefore, this research addresses the issue of justiciability from several sides in which rules, principles and procedures are seen as a triad that shows only one side of justiciability, and rights, beyond the categories, are the other side of justiciability and deserve to be discussed outside any categorization that does not contemplate rights as human rights, since the ways of justiciability of human rights represent jurisdictional guarantees where all processes must always pass the filter of the constitutional norm, and therefore, of human rights.


Limitations of difference maps showing circulation anomalies are analyzed, and the definition of the local patternanalogue coefficient (LPAC) is given together with the procedure for constructing such a map, followed by an exampleillustrating its useful application in circulation anomaly.


Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the second most common human neurodegenerative disease and the most reduction in CNS choline acetyl‐transferase. This case series demonstrates beneficial effects from a level inhibition of cholinesterase inhibition that can only be achieved with concurrent peripheral muscarinic blockade.


Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage and drug injection by bronchofibroscope in patients with refractory pneumonia. Method: 52 cases with refractory pneumonia were divided into therapy group(32 cases) and control group(20 cases).All patients were treated with conventional anti-infection,eliminating phlegm,oxygen therapy,bronchoalveolar lavage and drug injection by bronchofibroscope were treated for patients in therapy group in addition.Therapeutic effects were compared between two groups. Result: There were 11 cases recovered in control group and 25 cases recovered in therapy group,The effective rates were significant difference between two groups(55% vs 87.5%,P 0.05).The hospitalization days and discharge costs in therapy group were lower than those in control group(P 0.01). Conclusion: Bronchoalveolar lavage and drug injection by bronchofibroscope is effective and safe for patients with refractory pneumonia,can reduce hospitalization days and discharge costs,deserving popularized.


BIOMECHANICS OF OSTEOPOROTIC CRUSH FRACTURES USING SYNTHETIC VERTEBRAE Katrina A McDonald, Clayton J Adam, Mark J Pearcy School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Introduction The NIH estimate that 30-50% of women and 20-30% of men will develop a vertebral fracture in their lifetime. 700,000 vertebral fractures occur each year in the United States alone, 85% of which are associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis leads to reduced stiffness of vertebral cancellous bone and eventual loss of cortical wall thickness. This study aims to investigate the effects of cortical wall thickness and cancellous bone elastic modulus on vertebral strength and fracture patterns using synthetic vertebrae made from bone analogue materials. Methods Synthetic vertebrae were created using rapid prototyping for the cortical shell and expanding polyurethane foam filler for the cancellous core. Dimensions were based on human L1 vertebra as specified in Panjabi et al. (1992). Silicone mouldings were used as intervertebral disk phantoms. The synthetic vertebrae were subjected to uniaxial compression at constant strain rate (5mm/min) using a Hounsfield testing machine. Force and displacement were logged until ultimate specimen failure, as well as video to record gross fracture patterns. Results Post-failure examination indicated that successful filling of the synthetic shell by the expanding foam was achieved. Pilot results demonstrate the repeatability of the technique, with <4% variation between specimens compared to mean initial fracture load and <2.5% variation from mean ultimate load. Initial fracture occurred at approximately 67% of ultimate failure load. Initial fracture occurred consistently at the vertebral endplates which is similar to reported in vitro behaviour with cadaveric specimens. Investigation of the effects of cancellous foam elastic modulus is currently underway. Discussion A synthetic L1 vertebrae has been successfully developed, providing a highly repeatable analogue for investigation of the biomechanics of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. While the magnitude of the force obtained from the synthetic vertebrae differs from real human vertebrae due to differing material properties, comparative biomechanics between the synthetic and real vertebrae appear consistent, and fracture patterns are similar to those observed in cadaveric studies


Ginkgo biloba L. is one of the most extensively planted and productive commercial species in temperate areas around the world, but slow-growth is the most limiting factor for its utilization. Fertilization is one of the key technologies for high quality and high forest yield. To better understand the impacts of fertilization on Ginkgo productivity, the effects of fertilization treatments (single fertilizer and combined fertilizer) on growth, nutrient content in Ginkgo leaves, and photosynthesis characteristics were studied in a 10-year-old Ginkgo plantation over two years. The single factor experiments suggested that DBH (diameter at breast height), H (height), NSL (length of new shoots), and V (trunk volume) showed significant differences between the different levels of single nitrogen (N) or phosphate (P) fertilizer application. Orthogonal test results showed that the nine treatments all promoted the growth of Ginkgo, and the formula (N: 400 g·tree−1, P: 200 g·tree−1, potassium (K): 90 g·tree−1) was the most effective. Gs (stomatal conductance) and Pn (net photosynthesis rate) showed significant differences between the different amounts of single N or P fertilizer application, while single K fertilizer only affected Pn. Combined N, P, and K fertilizer had significant promoting effects on Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration), Gs and Pn. N and P contents in Ginkgo leaves showed significant differences between the different amounts of a single N fertilizer application. A single P fertilizer only improved foliar P contents in Ginkgo leaves. A single K fertilizer application improved N and K content in Ginkgo leaves. The effects of different N, P, and K fertilizer treatments on the nutrient content of Ginkgo leaves were different.


Clarity of roles enhances ethical and responsible decision making and helps in prevention of conflict of interest. It"s therefore important that board members have a good understanding of their roles and responsibilities as it will have direct influence on the performance of the firm (Maitland, 2004; Ibarra-Colado et al. 2006). Although clarity of roles is very important for the success of an organization, studies on the effect of clarity of roles and responsibilities of the board on performance have not been conclusive as they have revealed that clarity of roles and performance are both positively and negatively linked. The main objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of clarity of roles and responsibilities of the board on performance of public TVET Institutions in Nyanza region, Kenya. The study used correlation research design. Population of the study included the principals, deputy principals and heads of department of TVET Institutions in Nyanza region Kenya who were 99 in number. The study employed a census survey with response at 90.9%. Reliability was measured using cronchbach"s alpha which revealed 0.872 internal consistencies. Correlation analysis revealed that as the size of the coefficients, increases by 1 unit, performance too changes by a magnitude of 0.493. The Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficient (r = .778) computed indicated that there was high positive correlation between integrity of financial reporting and performance in TVET institutions from Nyanza region. The analysis revealed highly significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship between the two variables. The hypothesis was nullified.


Topics covered in Chapter 1 include ion adsorption, cation exchange capacity and development of charges in soil. The importance of ion exchange in soil is also emphasized in this chapter. Chapter 2 covers the concepts of soil organic matter. This chapter also deals with different types of soil organic matter in soil and their decomposition. It also shows the factors that affect the accumulation and decomposition of organic matter in soil. Chapter 3 deals with the concepts of soil macro nutrients and their soil plant interrelationship. Chapter 4 deals with the various micro nutrients found in soil and some toxic ones that affect soil productivity. Chapter 5 shows the different types of fertilizers, indicating their grade and ratios. This chapter also deals with different types of fertilizer application methods. Finally, Chapters 6 is concerned with the general area of soil fertility and fertilizer use. Greater stress has been placed on mass flow and diffusion in regard to nutrient uptake. The interaction of water and soil fertility is developed, and there is expanded coverage of soil fertility evaluation and the methods used to formulate fertilizer recommendations.


In this paper, we propose the coordination scheme in a single-manufacturer-multiple-retailer supply chain system. Traditionally, the bargaining power of the single manufacturer is superior to those of retailers. The business environment supported by the e-business scheme may give rise to new business behavior. The multitude of retailer requests the manufacturer to relax the his unilateral lot-sizing policy while they are willing to compensate more than the manufacturer's expected loss caused by abandon his superior bargaining power. The side payment aggregated by the multiple retailers is transferred to the manufacturer according to the degree of the manufacturer's relaxation from the current unilateral lot-sizing policy.


Seismic anisotropy in dipping shales causes imaging and positioning problems for underlying structures. We developed an anisotropic depth-migration approach for P-wave seismic data in transversely isotropic (TI) media with a tilted axis of symmetry normal to bedding. We added anisotropic and dip parameters to the depth-imaging velocity model and used prestack depth-migrated image gathers in a diagnostic manner to refine the anisotropic velocity model. The apparent position of structures below dipping anisotropic overburden changes considerably between isotropic and anisotropic migrations. The ray-tracing algorithm used in a 2-D prestack Kirchhoff depth migration was modified to calculate traveltimes in the presence of TI media with a tilted symmetry axis. The resulting anisotropic depth-migration algorithm was applied to physical-model seismic data and field seismic data from the Canadian Rocky Mountain Thrust and Fold Belt. The anisotropic depth migrations offer significant improvements in positioning and reflector continuity over those obtained using isotropic algorithms.


Abstract : The development of a low-cost, low-hazard practice 81 mm mortar projectile incorporating a bursting/spotting charge that functions from a Plastic Compression-Ignition Fuze (PCIF) is described. The mortar casings were made from normalized AISI 1340 steel, and were made to fracture in a ductile manner along pre-machined grooves under the influence of a small high explosive burster charge. A spotting signature was provided by a pellet of pyrotechnic composition. Australia.


The given article describes the first experience of sternotomy with plasmatic knife in-vitro on outbred dogs. Comparative analysis of intraoperative blood loss and time necessary for sternotomy has been performed. Morphological evaluation of surrounding tissue injury resulted from sternotomy with plasmatic knife in comparison with routine sternotomy was provided. Basing on the results of the study it was shown that the use of cold plasmatic knife for dissection of bone tissue is highly-efficient and safe; it decreases intraoperative blood loss and reduces occurrence of infectious complications in the postoperative period.


The number of CD4 lymphocytes defines the evolutional stage of HIV-infection and is the most important for a reliable estimation of the individual risk of developing AIDS. However, it is difficult to predict the degree of immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy, as it varies significantly from one person to another. Further investigations to better understand the limitations of immunological success are necessary to improve the response to treatment and regimen durability. The current study includes HIV-infected patients in Southeastern Serbia with achieved virologic suppression of HIV infection. The CD4 count was determined by flow cytometry, and was correlated with the duration of treatment, initial number of CD4 cells, type of antiretroviral therapy, mode of transmission of infection, age and gender of examinees. The resulting arithmetic mean and standard deviation of CD4 number was 473±259 cells/µl (range, 1130 cells/µl). There was no statistically significant correlation between the values of CD4 count and length of treatment, stage of the infection at which the therapy was started, treatment profile, method of infection, age or gender. The obtained results are comparable with the existing studies that follow immunological response to antiretroviral therapy and primarily point out the issue of substantial individual response variability, which has not yet been fully elucidated.


Hallmark museums like the Louvre in Paris, London's Victoria and Albert Museum, the Metropolitan Museum in New York and the Benaki Museum in Athens have been upgrading their Islamic galleries, most of them motivated by a mission to build bridges between their (Western) audiences and the Muslim world. This chapter discusses two exhibitions held at the Tropenmuseum, both of which can be considered 'oppositional' to mainstream debates on Islam of their time. The author suggests that although both exhibitions aimed to take a look behind the cliches, they still managed to reinstate the power structures they intended to critique. It seems that in meeting the challenges of representation, museums are destined to reflect the world surrounding them - with all its conflicts, contradictions and pressures. The exhibitions in question are the permanent Islam Gallery (1954-1970), and the more recent exhibition, Urban Islam, which the author cocurated with Deniz Unsal in 2004. Keywords:exhibitions; Museum; Tropenmuseum; Urban Islam


"This article studies the role of collective bargaining coverage for the relationship between wages and firm-specific performance. The empirical evidence based upon German linked employer-employee data provides support for the hypothesis that industry-level contracts suppress firm wage differentials that arise from firm-specific profitability conditions. Addressing the role of the frequency of shocks to firm performance, the evidence further suggests that the insensitivity of wages to firm-specific productivity fluctuations is mainly driven by the insulation of wages from transitory shocks. For permanent shocks, however, the evidence points to somewhat more flexible wages as - at least at large employers - wages are found to significantly respond to permanent productivity fluctuations. As to the role of firm heterogeneity in a given industry, the empirical results also show that under industry-level bargaining workers in more heterogeneous sectors receive lower wages than workers in more homogeneous sectors. This may be interpreted as evidence that centralised unions internalise negative implications of a compressed industry wage structure for below-average performing firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


It is well-known that "watch brother"and "house uncle"are quite popular in Chinese in recent days.But what are the causes of such phenomena and what are the cognitive motivations of such metonymic references?This paper,takes "house uncle"and"watch brother"as examples,tries to analyze their forming motivations,with an attempt to provide a new perspective for the study of the Chinese lexical words,and emphasizes that only when we understand such problems can we understand the creativity of language.


0141-0768/87/ 012728-02/$02.00/0 ©1987 The Royal Society of Medicine References 1 World Health Organization. Alma-Ata 1978. Primary health care. Geneva: WHO, 1978 2 World Health Organization. Global strategy for health for all by the year 2000.Geneva: WHO, 1981:20 3 World Health Organization. International drinking water supply and sanitation decade: review of regional and global data (as at 31 December 1983).Geneva: WHO, 1986 4 World Health Organization. In point of fact, No. 47/1987. Geneva: WHO Media Service, 1987 5 Joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee on Food Safety. The role of food safety in health and development. Geneva: WHO, 1984 6 Jephcott AE, Begg NT, Baker IA. Outbreak of giardiasis associated with mains water in the United Kingdom. Lancet 1986;i:73D-2 7 Lycett CDL. The 1983 water strike public health considerations. Health and Hygiene 1984;v:3-5 8 Ashton J. Pollution of the water supply in Mersey and Clwyd a cause for concern? Community Med 1985;vii: 299-303 9 European Economic Community. Council directive of15 July 1980 relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption (BO/778/EEC). Official Journal ofthe European Communities L229, 30 August 1980:1-10


Password databases form one of the backbones of nowadays web applications. Every web application needs to store its users' credentials (email and password) in an efficient way, and in popular applications (Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.) these databases can grow to store millions of user credentials simultaneously. However, despite their critical nature and susceptibility to targeted attacks, the techniques used for securing password databases are still very rudimentary, opening the way to devastating attacks. Just in the year of 2016, and as far as publicly disclosed, there were more than 500 million passwords stolen in internet hacking attacks. To solve this problem we commit to study several schemes like property-preserving encryption schemes (e.g. deterministic encryption), encrypted data-structures that support operations (e.g. searchable encryption), threshold cryptography (e.g. secret sharing), fully/partially homomorphic encryption schemes, and commodity trusted hardware (e.g. Intel SGX). In this thesis we propose to make a summary of the most efficient and secure techniques for password database management systems that exist today and recreating them to accommodate a new and simple universal API. Additionally, in this thesis we will also build two new techniques for secure password database management, one based on cryptographic encryption and the other based on commodity trusted hardware. These solution will preserve security guarantees while allowing users to login under the "one second" usability mark. Furthermore, since password databases are particularly susceptible to snapshot adversaries (i.e. a hacker that gets a small time window of access to the database and makes a snapshot copy of all available information), the thesis will also study this adversary in detail and research how to efficiently counter it.


The importance of satisfying students' expectations has grown over the past decade, but satisfaction measurement in higher education remains unclear. This empirical study examines and demonstrates the utility of viewing student satisfaction as a function of meeting both department and university expectations. Findings indicate that measuring student satisfaction by only one of these dimensions may negatively impact the usefulness of the satisfaction measure.


The domestic educational system is going through a very important period of development. In market conditions, every student graduating from a higher education institution is faced with the task to join in market relations and competitive activity actively, intelligently and competently. In such conditions, it is objectively necessary to form the educational and professional space of higher education institution, as a condition for the formation of a competitive personality and as a necessary element of the pedagogical system of higher education. One of the important tasks of educational policy at the present stage is the formation of the competitiveness of the personality, its compliance with current and future needs of education, society and the state. In contrast to the definition of competitiveness accepted in economic and psychological disciplines (understanding of competitiveness as rivalry, priority, success, leadership, etc.), modern scientists understand competitiveness as the ability to maximize one's opportunities to realize one's personality, professionality, sociality, morality. The main directions of competitiveness development are: time orientation; cognitive needs; creativity; communicative and organizational skills; behavior flexibility; in-touch capabilities; self-efficacy, etc. The process of developing the competitiveness of students 'personality can be considered as a sequence of stages, the goals of each of which are the development of a certain component of competitiveness: development of students' desire for self-knowledge, understanding of themselves, their actions and behavior, self-education; formation of adequacy of assessment of themselves and other people for successful entry into the social and cultural space; formation of an optimistic life position; development of communication skills (ability to listen, pass the information through verbal and nonverbal means, constructively resolve conflicts, develop communicative capabilities, such as reflection, empathy); formation of knowledge and practical skills in the goals formation, self-analysis, adjustment of variations for professional development in the context of personal and life self-determination.


Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plants and microorganisms and at larger concentrations a toxic pollutant. A number of factors controlling Cu dynamics have been reported, but information on quantitative relationships is scarce. We aimed to (i) quantitatively describe and predict soil Cu concentrations (CuAR) in aqua regia considering site‐specific effects and effects of pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and (ii) study the suitability of mixed‐effects modelling and rule‐based models for the analysis of long‐term soil monitoring data. Thirteen uncontaminated long‐term monitoring soil profiles in southern Germany were analysed. Since there was no measurable trend of increasing CuAR concentrations with time in the respective depth ranges of the sites, data from different sampling dates were combined and horizon‐specific regression analyses including model simplifications were carried out for 10 horizons. Fixed‐ and mixed‐effects models with the site as a random effect were useful for the different horizons and significant contributions (either of main effects or interactions) of SOC, CEC and pH were present for 9, 8 and 7 horizons, respectively. Horizon‐specific rule‐based cubist models described the CuAR data similarly well. Validations of cubist models and mixed‐effects models for the CuAR concentrations in A horizons were successful for the given population after random splitting into calibration and validation samples, but not after independent validations with random splitting according to sites. Overall, site, CEC, SOC and pH provide important information for a description of CuAR concentrations using the different regression approaches.


A significant goal of public administrators in this era of shrinking public funds has been to find ways to enhance and measure organizational capacity and sustainability with minimal outlays of resources. One attempt to address this goal was the Rural Pilot Program, funded by the Office of Violence Against Women in the U.S. Department of Justice. Based on the evaluation of the program, this article (1) describes how capacity was measured, (2) discusses the validation and utility of a self-administered instrument, and (3) examines whether and to what extent organizational capacity is enhanced by an intermediary funding model. Modest positive changes were found in two areas—organizational staffing and information technology—but no changes were found in other areas. The article concludes with recommendations for designing future programs to enhance capacity and sustainability and for public administrators and grant makers in utilizing self-administered capacity instruments.


Purpose: To investigate the perception and barriers of Kangaroo-Mother Care (KMC) among nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Methods: Participants were 131 nurses working in NICU who completed self-report questionnaires which included information regarding perception, barriers, and practice of KMC. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Of the participants, 33.6% reported the practice of KMC in their NICU, with 75.6% wanting to receive training in KMC and 31.3% having received KMC education. Most of the participants agreed that KMC enhances attachment, parental confidence, and effective breast feeding but they reported a negative perception in providing KMC for premature infants weighing less than 1000 grams or intubated premature infants. Major barriers to practicing KMC were safety of infants, possible work overload for nurses, as well as absence of consistent guidelines. Barriers to KMC among nurses who received the KMC training were lower than nurses who did not receive the KMC training (t=-2.11, p=.037). Conclusion: Education program and standardized clinical practice protocol should be developed to foster the positive perception and to reduce nurse barriers to KMC.


Abstract : Nanostructured materials are usually defined as having some length scale smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension. An important subset of this group of materials is powders with particle size less than 100 nm, and polycrystalline materials, made by consolidating these powders in such a way as to retain a grain size below this limit. The choice of 100 nm stems from the fact that many physical, optical, and magnetic properties have characteristic lengths in this range. As grain or particle size is reduced below this characteristic length, the properties associated with these phenomena are radically altered. A frequently cited example is the freezing out of mechanisms for generating glissile dislocations. Another reason for expecting remarkable properties in nanostructured polycrystalline materials is the very high proportion of atoms at, or near, grain boundaries (as high as fifty percent or greater for grain sizes below five or ten nanometers). This leads, for example, to very rapid diffusion coupled with very short diffusion distances.


Doctors and nurses in 10 hospitals were selected for questionnaire investigation and in-depth interviewees.It found that the score of that relationship,graded by doctors and nurses,was 59.9 in average.The score was not the same in different level hospitals and was much higher in hospitals of low level(the score in country hospitals was 66.8 and the score in township hospitals was 77.4).The influencing factors from doctor's side included the communication,the pressure of work and consciousness of occupational risk.It gets the conclusion that to improve the doctor-patient relationship needs doctors and nurses,the hospitals and society unit to work on it altogether.


[Objective]To understand the occupational hazards distribution and its harmful extent in industrial enterprises of Shijiazhuang City in 2009,so as to control occupational hazards well.[Methods]Occupational health survey was performed in workplaces of 97 enterprises of Shijiazhuang City from January to December 2009,and the results were analyzed and evaluated.[Results]The calculated value of qualified rate by time-weighted average concentration(TWA)of dust-exposed jobs was 68.38%;TWA qualified rate of toxicant-exposed jobs was 94.05%;the qualified rate calculated by 8-hour equivalent continuous sound level in noise-exposed positions was 71.19%.[Conclusion]The prevention of occupational disease is facing a new situation in Shijiazhuang City.It is necessary to develop relevant control measures,to improve the working conditions,and to provide clean operating environment for workers,so as to ensure the health rights and benefits of working people.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the suppress effect on hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and invasion by up-regulating histone acetylizad level with a selective inhibitor of HDACs-valproate acid sodium(VPA).METHODS:The effect of VPA on the metastasis of HepG2 cells was estimated by tumor cell migration and invasion assays.The protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected and analyzed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique.RESULTS:The migration cells on the down-side of transwell membrane in the test groups(142±16.5) were significantly lower than that those in the control group(decreasing from 125±12.4 to 42±6.1,as the increasing of VPA from 0.75 mmol/L to 4.0 mmol/L),P0.001;The cells throrgh Transwell in control group was 85±7.8,which was significantly higher than that of test groups(69±6.9-18±3.6),P0.001.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down regulated significantly in the experimental groups,meanwhile,they were related with the changes of migration and invasion in the experimental groups.CONCLUSION:Up-regulating histone acetylizad level by VPA can suppress hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and invasion,and one of the main mechanisms underlying is down regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are becoming increasingly important since fine spatial and high temporal resolution data have been unobtainable from traditional remote sensing platforms. Advanced UAV data can provide a great opportunity for disaster monitoring, including building damage assessment. Hurricane Harvey struck southern Texas, U.S.A, on August 26, 2017, causing catastrophic flooding and storm damage. We visited Holiday Beach, which suffered severe building damage, and conducted UAV surveying for building damage assessment. In this study, a region growing scheme was proposed to estimate the building damage, considering building elevation change and the spectral difference of debris. In addition, different weight coefficients of a digital elevation model (DEM) were investigated. The results showed that the proposed method can be used for high-definition building damage assessment through accurate detection of the intact building regions.


The contradiction between the development of marine resources and ecological protection in Zhejiang is prominent, which restricts the high-quality and continuous supply of marine ecological products. As a result, the efficient maintenance of the ecological security pattern of inshore waters relies on the scientific division of marine ecological function zones and the management and maintenance of zoning areas. This paper constructs a technical framework for marine ecological function zoning from the aspects of marine ecosystem health, marine ecosystem diversity and economic and social development balance using GIS-based overlay analysis and the three-dimensional matrix discriminant model to divide marine ecological function zones in the managed waters of Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that the managed sea areas in Zhejiang Province are divided into ten marine ecological function areas, including three marine ecological supply areas (54%), four marine mariculture and resting areas (24%) and three marine ecological restoration areas (22%). As per the zoning results of the marine ecological function, this study further proposes protection and management strategies for different zoning units, in the hopes of providing technical support and practical reference for the division and management of marine ecological function areas in other sea areas.


The invention discloses a two-wheel dynamic balance vehicle which comprises two wheels, a vehicle body, a middle cabin, a steering mechanism and a controlling rod. The vehicle body is arranged on the wheels, a pedal is arranged on the vehicle body, the middle cabin is arranged right above the pedal and comprises a shell, a display device is arranged on the shell for the convenience of an operator standing on the pedal to see man-machine interaction information, the steering mechanism is contained inside the shell and comprises a steering shaft and a sensor, the controlling rod is connected with the steering shaft at the rear end of the vehicle body and extends to a position suitable for leg control of the operator from the rear end of the vehicle body, and the controlling rod is controlled by the operator to rotate so as to drive the steering shaft to rotate to control steering of the vehicle body. The two-wheel dynamic balance vehicle enables the operator to see information displayed by the display device during driving for the convenience of timely knowing battery capacity and traveling state.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene promoter contains 675 (4G/5G) polymorphism. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of the PAI-1 promoter-675 (4G/5G) polymorphism on the concentrations of PAI-1 and tissue plasminogen activator/PAI-1 (t-PA/PAI-1) complex and bleeding volume after on-pump cardiac surgery.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 90 patients were included in the study at Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital. Seven patients were excluded due to surgical bleeding. Eighty-three patients were classified according to the PAI-1 genotype: 21 patients had the 4G/4G genotype; 42, the 4G/5G genotype; and 20, the 5G/5G genotype. The following fibrinolysis parameters were recorded: the PAI-1 level preoperatively, D-dimer level at 0, 6, and 24 hours after surgery, and t-PA/PAI-1 complex level 24 hours postoperatively. A postoperative bleeding volume was registered in mL 24 hours after surgery.

RESULTS
The patients with the 5G/5G genotype had significantly lower preoperative PAI-1 levels (17 [SD, 10.8] vs. 24 ng/mL [SD, 9.6], P=0.04), higher D-dimer levels at 6 hours (371 [SD, 226] vs. 232 ng/mL [SD, 185], P=0.03) and 24 hours (326 [SD, 207] vs. 209 ng/mL [SD, 160], P=0.04), and greater postoperative blood loss (568 [SD, 192] vs. 432 mL [168], P=0.02) compared with the 4G/4G carriers. There were no significant differences in the levels of the t-PA/PAI-1 complex comparing different genotype groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The carriers of the 5G/5G genotype showed the lower preoperative PAI-1 levels, greater chest tube blood loss, and higher D-dimer levels indicating that the 5G/5G carriers may have enhanced fibrinolysis.


This paper aims at investigating the deformation and damage mechanisms of auxetic sandwich panels subjected to localised blast. The ability of self-densifying and adjusting to the loads, typical of auxetic structures, has been evaluated. A numerical model of the auxetic cellular composite panel has been developed to conduct statistical studies on different parameters (core geometry and material) using Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) method combined with general linear model (GLM) for analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimisation has been conducted evaluating different parameters: energy absorption of the entire panel and deformation of the back facet were measured. The analysis of the numerical model of the core suggests the importance of the self-adapting mechanism of the auxetic structure under blast loading.


In this chapter we consider the trophic state and ambient nutrient limitation by the trophic index (TRIX) calculation and nutrient enrichment bioassay using the unicellular marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at two differently eutrophicated NE coastal Adriatic locations (in the Rijeka Bay area). The first location in Rijeka Port had significantly higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients and TRIX indices (up to 7.53) than the location near the Shipbuilding Industry "3 Maj". The DIN/TP ratios in the seawater at Rijeka Port were lower (11.03 to 44.47) than those at the Shipbuilding Industry "3 Maj" (11.65-73.91), indicating P limitation in Shipbuilding Industry waters. The nutrient enrichment bioassays revealed P as the key limiting nutrient for the diatom growth at both sites. In addition, silica and nitrogen limitation was found in all water samples with the exception of the surface water samples in Rijeka Port. To determine the toxicity of metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+), algal growth inhibition test was carried out with the unicellular marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The basic design of toxicity test followed the International Standard ISO 10253 marine algal growth inhibition test and was modified for microplates. The following order of toxicity was achieved: Hg>Cd>Ni>Co>Zn in the exponential phase of growth, and Hg>Ni>Co>Zn>Cd in the stationary phase of growth, with mercury as the most toxic metal. The total metal concentration is not the only factor that controls the level of metal toxicity in aquatic environments. Physical and chemical characteristics of water including hardness, pH, salinity, redox potential, dissolved organic matter and nutrients also affect the extent of metal bioavailability and thus the level of toxicity. Therefore, this chapter presents the results of the effect of Pb concentrations on the P. tricornutum growth rate in conditions of different nutrient limitation. The results of standard toxicity tests in synthetic sea water and toxicity test in natural sea water samples from the Rijeka Bay show that standard toxicity tests can underestimate metal toxicity. Also, tested metal was more toxic for the growth of marine diatom in nutrient limited conditions (N, P and Si limitation). Besides providing screening toxicity profiles this method can be useful in determining the effects of pollutants on cell growth and viability of organisms. Establishing the maximum tolerance levels for organisms, this method can be used for evaluating the potential impact of pollution on aquatic system.


The article is devoted to the problem of territories typology, including municipalities. Methodological basis of territory typology is investigated, the essential distinctions of the types have been revealed. Also restrictions in strategic planning of separate localities development are considered.


School of overseas education,affiliated to the International Office,is fully responsible for non-degree-seeking overseas students' recruitment and administration.Meanwhile,under the reform of "Convergent Management",it also co-enrolls and co-manages overseas degree students with the other schools or faculties.Serving as both a "referee" and an "athlete",its controversial roll and operational system directly lead to ineffective supervision at university's level and functional defects in coordination concerning Soochow University's management on foreign students' enrollment.Hence,it is imperative that School of Overseas Education be separated from the International Office as soon as possible and that an independent administrative body in charge of overseas students' enrollment affairs be set up at the meantime.


Science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) education is one of the effective ways to enhance students' science literacy, and the ability to innovate. Cultivating innovative talents is important for a country to become the world's science and technology powerhouse. Currently, the proportion of China's scientifically literate population is still relatively low, with an imbalance between different demographics, age groups, and economic statuses. To spot more innovative talents, solving the imbalance of STEAM resources is necessary to improve the scientific literacy of students in rural and remote areas. Through field research in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China, the challenges of the development of STEAM education in rural primary schools were discovered. The lack of teachers, funds, awareness, and guidance in rural primary schools are the main factors that significantly add to the educational inequality between urban and rural areas. This research tries to balance STEAM educational resources, narrow the educational inequality gap between urban and rural areas, and work out some feasible solutions to improve technology and innovation education. The "Rural-urban STEAM Education Teaching Platform" takes advantage of the urban STEAM educational resources to support elementary schools in remote areas.


The invention provides an intelligent controlling method of the induced air for a ball and filler bin type pulverized coal boiler, which relates to an controlling method of the induced air for the ball and filler bin type pulverized coal boiler, and belongs to the boiler field. The method solves the problems that the common adoption of a single loop PID control strategy for controlling the induced air in the prior ball and filler bin type pulverized coal boiler results that the running can not be performed stably and the operation can not be carried out, and the regulation can only be performed manually. The controlling method of the invention is used for judging whether the system is one of the following circumstances: whether the coal pulverizing system is under a process of enable/disable; whether an external disturbance happens to a combustion system; whether an internal disturbance happens to the combustion system; whether the supply for coal feeder is interrupted; whether the pressure of the hearth is higher than the upper range value of the running; whether the pressure of the hearth is lower than the lower range value of the running; if the results are affirmative, the PIDcontroller is adopted by the induced air to perform a fast speed adjustment, and if the results are negative, the Fuzzy controller is adopted by the induced air to perform a steady-state adjustment.


Abstract The extinction characteristics of double premixed flames of methane and butane in counterflow of two cylindrical jets which undergo rigid-body rotation are investigated. Using laser Doppler velocimetry, the axial, radial and circumferential velocity profiles are measured when jets with equal angular velocity rotate in opposite directions. It is found that two symmetric lean methane flames which are merged and near extinction, will subsequently separate again upon the rotation of the jet streams. Furthermore, as the angular velocity is increased, the fuel concentration at extinction is found to first decrease to a minimum value and increase thereafter. These tendencies are described on the basis of the observed variation of the rate of stretch experienced by the flames as a function of their axial position. Also, the existence of radially inward secondary flows which produce recirculation zones on both sides of the stagnation plane are established whose thickness increase with the jet angular velo...


Aims: Due to the presence of individuals at high risk situations, military environment can dispose many behavioral diseases. Educational period is a valuable opportunity for instructing and enhancing the soldiers' knowledge. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of educational programs of preventing from substance abuse on the soldiers' knowledge and attitude. Methods: This educational program was conducted in 14 military and police force centers in Fars province at two stages. At the first stage, introduced representatives from each camp or garrison were trained as the peer group and at the second stage they trained conscripts of relevant garrisons. Educational materials included a series of pamphlet, slides and booklets. Also, a written questionnaire was used to investigate the effect of training. Paired t-test was used for comparing the pretraining and post-training; and logistic regression was used to assess the effect of variables on the amount of knowledge and attitude. Results: The mean participants' education was 11.22±3.5 years. The prevention program of addiction significantly increased the knowledge and improved the attitude of conscripts (p<0.001). Among three variables including age, sex and marital status, only age variable had significant correlation with pre-training knowledge. Conclusion: Addiction prevention programs in military environments not only promote the levels of knowledge and knowledge, and improve the attitude, but also enhance individual' performance.


The theory of comparative advantage is one of the mainstream theories about international trade and regional economies development.This paper reviews the latest discoveries and developments about the comparative advantage theory,and reveals the research trends of transforming from static to dynamic comparative advantage and from exogenous to endogenous comparative advantage.Finally,the paper points out the significance of the development of the theory of comparative advantage.