A composition comprising the extract of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance is provided to increase immunity, and restore the granulation tissue and skin tissue by improving blood circulation and inflammatory condition, so that the composition is useful for prevention and treatment of refractory skin wound and skin ulcer. A composition for prevention and treatment of refractory skin wound and skin ulcer comprises the extract of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance which is prepared by extracting Ulmus macrocarpa Hance with a solvent selected from water, C1-C4 lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or a mixed solvent thereof, and optionally antibiotics, and is formulated as cream, gel, patch, spray, ointment, plaster, lotion, liniment, pastase or cataplasma, wherein the daily dosage of the composition is 0.0001-100 mg/kg, preferably 0.001-10 mg/kg.


The concept of a wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is introduced and applications are discussed. The feasibility of utilizing commonly available terrestrial wireless sensor network (WSN) hardware solutions in the underground environment is examined. Experiments are run to examine the packet error rate and the received signal strength of correctly received packets for a communication link between two underground sensors and between an underground sensor and an aboveground sensor.


Amphiphilic glycolipids are known for their role in cellular recognition processes. This has created interest in using their assemblies, particularly vesicles, as drug carriers, because their strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding ensures high stability. Introduction of biological recognition domains onto the vesicular surface enables a targeting delivery of drugs to specific cells. This prevents unwanted interaction between the drug and non-target cells, thus minimizing drug's side effects. A series of functionalized glycolipids carrying CLICK functionality was prepared, which renders a bioconjugation opportunity with suitable antigens or targeting ligands under mild conditions. To ensure coupling efficiency, an ethylene oxide spacer was introduced between the CLICK functionality and the sugar head group to provide flexibility to the anchor. The incorporation of a quaternary ammonium cation, based on the Menshutkin reaction, gave rise to cationic character of the glycolipids. The electrostatic repulsion between these cations increased the hydrophilic surface area, thereby leading to an increased curvature in the assemblies and resulting in the formation of micellar aggregates in water instead of vesicles. All glycolipids exhibited very similar assembly behaviour, despite differing in the position of the functionalized linker on the sugar head group. Application of the compounds as co-surfactant for vesicle preparation furnished uniformly small-sized and stable vesicles, as indicated by their zeta potential.


Data sets are often too immense to fit completely inside the computer's main memory and must instead reside on disk. If data set will be kept in main memory it will be very costly. A computer must retrieve required data and place it in internal memory to process it. Efficient data structures, like B-tree, B+ tree, are used to process large datasets. Nodes of these data structures are buffered in memory using data structures like array, linked list and trees. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm which provide better results in case of disk based data structures which uses the concept of immediate modification i.e. when modification will be done in buffered structure (present in memory), an immediate modification will be done on disk. When the dataset size is large the CPU processing time is the crucial factor. Although, in case of disk based data structures the processing time is much less but if we try to reduce the processing time of CPU it will also gives beneficial results. Number of maximum disk accesses depends on height of B-tree which is O(logblocksize/2n) [1], there is no change in the number of disk accesses. But the CPU processing time in case of search, insert, delete operation have been modified, reduced to O(log n) from O(n). The modified algorithms of B-tree are also provided in this paper.


Integrating Episodic and Semantic Information in Memory for Natural Scenes Pernille Hemmer (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, 92697-5100 Mark Steyvers (email@example.com) Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, 92697-5100 Abstract Recall of objects in natural scenes can be influenced not only by episodic but also by semantic memory. To model the statistical regularities that might be encoded in semantic memory, we applied a topic model to a large database of labeled images. We then incorporated the learned topics in a dual route topic model for recall that explains how and why episodic memories are combined with semantic memories. The dual route model was applied to an empirical study in which people recall objects from scenes under varying amounts of study time. The dual route model explains how the trade-off between episodic and semantic memory is affected by study time, output position, and also congruity of the object with the scene context. Keywords: Episodic Memory; Semantic Memory; Natural Scenes; Bayesian models; Reconstructive memory Introduction Semantic knowledge can exert strong influences on episodic recall. In the verbal domain, the use of highly related words on a study list can lead to intrusions of related words in free recall (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Similarly, expectations about objects in scenes can lead to recall of objects that were not present in the scene. For example, people can recall seeing books in an office where there were no books present (Brewer & Treyens, 1981). These intrusions demonstrate the influence of semantic knowledge on recall. Some researchers have viewed such intrusions as demonstrations of shortcomings of the memory system. However, semantic knowledge can also serve as an aid to episodic memory and lead to improvements in recall performance (e.g. Hemmer & Steyvers, 2009; Konkle & Oliva, 2007; Huttenlocher et al. 1991). Dual retrieval accounts of memory propose that reconstruction from memory requires accessing either the verbatim memory trace or semantic information relevant to the event (Brainerd et al., 2002). The verbatim – or episodic memory – trace is a representation close to the original event, while the semantic information is an abstraction of the event, often referred to as 'gist' or 'schema'. Previous dual route models have not explained in detail how the semantic information is represented (or extracted from the environment) and have not fully described the detailed mechanisms for the interaction between episodic and semantic information. In this research, we build on the framework of rational memory models that assume that the memory system is exploiting environmental regularities when recalling information about past events (Anderson, 1990; Steyvers & Griffiths, 2008). We develop a dual route memory model and apply it to the problem of recalling objects from natural scenes. We assume that an observer is presented with a scene during study and is instructed to retrieve from memory objects that occurred in the scene. The goal for the observer is to reconstruct the objects from the scene optimally combining the available information. We assume that the available information is based on noisy episodic memories and also on encoding based on the semantic context. Previous research has shown that people are sensitive to the contextual information in scenes and can quickly extract a high-level semantic representation of a scene (Potter et al., 2002). In this paper, we will first present an empirical study on scene recall and investigate how recall accuracy varies as a function of study time and what the accuracy is if there is no episodic information at all and recall is based on semantic information only. The experimental data allow us to assess how people trade off between episodic and semantic memory. We then present a topic modeling analysis (Griffiths & Steyvers, 2004; Griffiths, Steyvers & Tenenbaum, 2007) for a large database of labeled images. The extracted topics serve as approximations to the kinds of statistical regularities that people might have encoded in semantic memory. Lastly, we will show how a dual route topic model (Steyvers & Griffiths, 2008) that mixes episodic and semantic information during encoding can account for the empirical findings. We also show how the model can explain the Von Restorff effect, where people have better memory for objects that are incongruous with the scene context. Empirical Study on Scene Recall We conducted a series of behavioral experiments using natural scenes such as kitchens and offices to quantify the relative contribution of semantic knowledge on recall. In a memory experiment, we showed images of natural scenes for varying amount of study time. We expected that by decreasing the amount of study time, recall would be based more on semantic memory and would lead to a larger number of errors. To assess the prior knowledge people


A Partnership can be defined as `a means to an end _ a collaborative relationship toward mutually agreed objectives involving shared responsibility for outcomes, distinct accountabilities, and reciprocal obligations' Picciotto, 2004 in Jobin (2008). This thesis is an attempt to contribute to the full-throated debate regarding the justification for and value received from the Jamaican Government's decision to partner with the private sector for the delivery of urban infrastructure. The paper takes a look at the changing role of the State as expressed via public-private partnerships and explores the benefits and risks that emerge from its employment. The days of unilateral approaches to urban challenges are changing and as pronounced by Sedjari (2004) "a new reality is imposing itself". This debate extends however, beyond the shores of Jamaica, is decades old and its resolution might not be short in coming. In the meantime however, there are some very real challenges facing the nation for which no potential solutions should go unexplored. Any development strategy that will place us nearer our goals should be accommodated. It is the hope that this paper will shed some light on Jamaica's readiness for a model that is being pursued by both developed and developing States and despite the mixed reviews, will probably remain on the policy agenda for some ti me to come. It has been called a procurement option, a tool, a strategy, a concept but in all instances Jamaica's flirtations with public private partnerships are still in its embryonic stage. Weighted down as she is, with a debt to GDP ratio of 108.94%, leaves very little wiggle room for a learning curve that other countries can afford. Recent PPP experiments have created a great deal of concern for issues relating primarily to budget overruns, poor transparency and perceived and actual contravention of procurement guidelines. This study therefore aims at two main objectives. The first intends to define the macro and micro environment that will enable a healthy public private partnership process and bring all stakeholders into a durable and mutually beneficial arrangement for the successful delivery of infrastructure. The second aims at ascertaining why during the life cycle of the partnerships, the risks tend to revert to the Government of Jamaica (the tax payers). This leads to the heart of the research and the main question that is driving the debate _ What are the primary impediments to the successful delivery of urban infrastructure via public private partnerships in Jamaica? In order to gain critical understanding of what needs to be present in a country that would support and foster an undertaking of this type, a theoretical framework had to be identified. This required a fulsome review of literature and the various schools of thought on the subject, starting with setting the context of the investigation and questioning its relevance to urbanisation and its link to infrastructure. An introduction to the four major stakeholders and the roles they play is explored. Focus is then placed on the arguments presented for and against the use of public private partnerships and the varying experiences behind the success and failures in both developed and developing countries. The analysis takes place within two general frameworks. The first presents the macro environment which focuses on the legal, regulatory and institutional policy backdrop which determines our readiness to attract investors both domestic and foreign. Second is the micro environment, which directs our attention to the project and the process itself. This involves determining if PPP is the best option for service delivery, if so, the choosing of the best model, assessing economic and financial viability, partner selection, contract structuring, implementation, and monitoring. To pursue the second objective, an explanatory research methodology is used, which draws on two case studies, namely, the recently completed Phase One of the Soapberry Sewage Treatment in Kingston, Jamaica and the Harnaschpolder Sewage Treatment Plant in Hague, The Netherlands. Both projects are their respective country's first attempt at public private partnerships in the waste water management sector and were executed for the similar purpose of improving the sewage effluent quality being disposed of in their coastal waters. Data was collected via interviews with the various public and private sector agents, purposively selected based on their contribution to the policy/institutional setting (macro) and planning and execution of each project (micro). First of all this study has revealed that the "dark side" of PPPs is not a unique experienced for the uninitiated public servants in Jamaica. Taxpayers in several countries, both developed and developing, experienced and inexperienced have felt the bitter brunt of a PPP gone sour in the picking up of the tab. Second it has unearthed almost an equal amount of claims and counterclaims for this seemingly unequally yoked collaboration between the public and private sector. Third, after review of the various schools of thought, I have concluded that the core principles of the partnership should be value for money, transparency and accountability. Fourth, that many failed PPP projects are evidence of fl awed use of PPP and inappropriate procedures and not necessarily a reflection of PPP itself and the benefits it can bring. Notwithstanding the difficulties in concluding this debate, understanding the tradeoff s between public and private service delivery is critical for Jamaica's policy makers and their advisors. The stakes are high _ saving taxpayers billions, protecting citizen's faith in rule of law and reducing the debt already saddled on the backs of our children. The study has demonstrated that PPPs for large urban infrastructure projects are risky because of their long planning horizons, complexity, the significant financing requirements and the multi -actor decision making that carries with it many potential conflicts of interest. What then are Jamaica's primary impediments to project success that this research has identified? Despite domestic challenges and the need for improvements largely in the area of PPP policy the macro environment of the country is not opposed to or at variance with the needs of PPP investors. From the micro perspective, Soapberry was primarily the subject of poor governance in project planning and implementation. The project has revealed a failure to apply the key value for money principles such as competitive bidding and adequate feasibility analyses. In the final analysis, it is the view of the researcher that the absence of probity, transparency and its counterpart accountability will always lead to projects that fail to deliver be it conventional procurement or public private partnerships. Projects not open to public scrutiny and accountability will always present too great a temptation for the tensions between maximizing private/political interests and the public good. It is here's that Jamaica needs are most wanting and while strengthening PPP "know-how" we must pay great attention to what I consider the weakest link in the urban infrastructure procurement chain. Keywords: Jamaica, Infrastructure, public private partnerships, value for money, risk


A fuel cell membranes with a high temperature proton-transfer complex is prepared by the following method to obtain: composite proton transfer is made by the ammonium polyphosphate and / or ammonium polyphosphate complex with sulfonated poly aryl ether ketone (sulfone) polymer solution composite film; polyphosphate or polyphosphate compound concentration in the polymer solution is 10 to 95%; sulfonated poly aryl ether ketone (sulfone) polymer solution of sulfonated poly aryl ether ketone (sulfone) polymer is dissolved in a polar solvent in a volume concentration of 5 to 85%. The present invention also provides a method of preparation. Proton conducting composite membrane of the present invention relates to an operating temperature of 150 ~ 350 ℃, having a high proton conductivity, good mechanical strength and resistance and workability alcoholic temperature proton conducting composite membrane for hydrogen and alcohol-fueled high temperature proton conducting membrane fuel cell.


This paper describes a study of what we call intelligent search techniques as implemented in a software exploration environment, whose purpose is to facilitate software maintenance. The paper first introduces the intelligent search techniques used in our study, including abbreviation contraction and abbreviation expansion. Then it describes in detail the rating algorithms used to evaluate the query results' similarity to the original query strings. Next, we describe a series of experiments we conducted to assess the effectiveness of both the intelligent search methods and our rating algorithms. The experiment involved asking software engineers to evaluate the search results. Finally, we use the analysis of the experimental results to guide our future research.


We study optimal bandwidth selection in nonparametric cointegrating regression where the regressor is a stochastic trend process driven by short or long memory innovations. Unlike stationary regression, the optimal bandwidth is found to be a random sequence which depends on the sojourn time of the process. All random sequences

 $h_{n}$

 that lie within a wide band of rates as the sample size

 $n\rightarrow \infty $

 have the property that local level and local linear kernel estimates are asymptotically normal, which enables inference and conveniently corresponds to limit theory in the stationary regression case. This finding reinforces the distinctive flexibility of data-based nonparametric regression procedures for nonstationary nonparametric regression. The present results are obtained under exogenous regressor conditions, which are restrictive but which enable flexible data-based methods of practical implementation in nonparametric predictive regressions within that environment.


An external matrix-free LDI technique for selective detection zinc ion is described. An internal polyaromatic label helped desorption cum ionization processes. The method is free of cross-interference which as often faced in fluorescence based methods.


A cDNA (SeMIPS) encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase has been isolated from developing sesame (Sesamum indicum L. cv. Dan-Baek) seeds and its structure and function analyzed. The SeMIPS protein was highly homologous with those from plant species (88-94%), while a much lower degree of sequence homology (60%) was found with that of human. The functional domains commonly found in MIPS protein were identified and their amino acid residues were compared with each other. Northern blot indicated that the expression of the SeMIPS gene might be organ-specifically regulated. A complementation assay based on a yeast mutant system confirmed that the SeMIPS gene encodes a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) of sesame by showing functional expression of the SeMIPS cDNA in the yeast mutants containing the disrupted INO1 gene.


To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on transient elastography (TE, FibroScan) indices of liver steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM]) in adults with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).


The radiation protective qualities of adenylic acid, guanylic acid, uridylic acid, uridine, uracil, adenine dinucleotide, and adenine triphosphate on Shigella sonnei were studied. Bacterial cells were treated with a chemical compound and given an ultraviolet dose of approximately 969 ergs/mm/sup 2/. Chemoresuscitation was studied by irradiating cell suspensions and incubating the cells for 24 hr in phosphate buffer containing the test compound. It was found that adenylic acid, uridylic acid, uridine, uracil, and adenosine triphosphate restored the vitality of the cells. Chemoresuscitation was not so pronounced as chemical protection. Chemoresuscitation mechanisms are discussed. (H.M.G.)


Abstract Disclosure: L.C. Hespanhol: None. V.C. Moreira: None. A.C. Silva: None. I.R. Marques: None. A. Godoi: None. A. Mahesh: None. C. Oommen: None. C.H. Silva: None. C. Gomes: None. I.A. Souza: None. I.A. Miyawaki: None. J.E. Loyola Júnior: None. J. De Sa: None. E.M. Padrao: None. Background: Treatment of Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in the pediatric population is a clinical challenge. The first closed-loop system (CL) was approved for pediatric use in 2020 with the aim of improving therapeutic and safety outcomes for patients. Since then, many randomized clinical trials have been performed, yet, to our knowledge no meta-analysis evaluating the effect of long-term CL on glycemia in children and adolescents with T1DM was performed. Purpose: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of long-term use of CL insulin delivery systems to standard care (SC) in pediatric patients with T1DM. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE were systematically searched in October 2022 to include randomized controlled studies (RCTs) comparing CL systems (automated pancreas, hybrid CL and advanced hybrid CL) versus SC (daily insulin injections, sensor augmented pump and continuous glucose monitoring) with at least 12 weeks of duration. Outcomes assessed were percentage time in range (% TIR) 70-180mg/dL, change in HbA1c and percentage time with hypoglycemia (glucose < 70mg/dL). Statistical analysis were performed with RevMan 5.4.1 and R software. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics and random-risk effect was used if I2 > 50%. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022366710). Results: A total of 7 randomized studies with 827 patients with T1DM were included, of whom 471 (56.7%) used automated devices and 356 (43.3%) continued their usual care. The %TIR was significantly higher in the CL systems when compared to SC (MD 8.70%; 95% CI 7.08 to 10.31; p < 0.001; I² = 0%). Similarly, CL systems showed a significantly higher HbA1c mean difference when compared to SC (MD -0.38; 95% CI -0.59 to -0.16; p < 0.001; I² = 0%). When evaluating percentage time with hypoglycemia, the time was non-significantly lower in the CL system group when compared to SC (MD -0.47%; 95% CI -1.06 to 0.13; p = 0.12; I² = 55%). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of randomized trials in pediatric population with T1DM, the use of CL insulin devices was associated with a higher proportion of time in the optimal glucose range and greater decrease of HbA1c relative to standard care, regardless of CL system type. However, the use of CL insulin delivery was not associated with less time in hypoglycemia range. Therefore, CL systems seem to be safe and superior to standard care regarding glycemic control. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


primarily of concern to the social historian. Of the eleven remaining essays, two will be of interest to historians of technology as well as to business historians. Jennifer Tann's analysis of the comparative costs of animal, water, and steam power in the west-ofEngland wool textile industry and W. H. Chaloner's treatment of John Cartwright and the Revolution Mill each illuminate crucial stages in industrialization. The nine other essays fall well within business and economic history. D. C. Coleman argues persuasively for the distinctive features of textile growth that set that industry apart from others; G. D. Ramsay describes the undoing of the Italian mercantile colony in London after 1546; and Joan Thirsk outlines the role of fashion in the English stocking knitting industry during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. N. B. Harte attempts to establish the significance of the English (as distinct from the Scots and Irish) linen trade in the eighteenth century; S. D. Chapman raises some interesting questions about capital formation by examining the property of one thousand textile entrepreneurs during the first half of the eighteenth century; and K. G. Ponting traces the structure of the Wiltshire-Somerset border woolen industry during the first half of the nineteenth century. Finally, R. G. Wilson explains why the Yorkshire woolen and worsted industries rose to pre-eminence during the eighteenth century; D. T. Jenkins relates the history of early factory development in the West Riding of Yorkshire; and John Kelly describes the Manchester cotton trade during the 1860s from one merchant's point of view. Grateful for the contributions, the editors have been understandably reluctant to be severe with the authors of these several essays. I wish they had exercised a greater amount of editorial initiative in at least two areas: there are too many excessively lengthy quotations in the book; and in many instances, the essays simply lack conclusions that attempt to relate the trees discovered by the author to the forest of which they are a part. As a number of these chapters are parts of larger studies, I hope the weaknesses will be corrected subsequently.


Earthquake early warning (EEW) is critical to reducing injuries and casualties in case of a large magnitude earthquake. Fault systems often coincide with populous cities, thus we require a P-wave detection method for effective early warning. Such a system must rely on near-source data to minimize the time between event onset and issuance of a warning. Current early warning systems typically rely on seismic instruments (seismometers and accelerometers). Global Navigation and Satellite System (GNSS) instruments are starting to be deployed, but are not yet fully exploited. Seismic instruments experience difficulty maintaining reliable data within close epicentral distance of large events. Large motions can exceed the dynamic range of broadband seismometers, and accelerometers conflate rotations and translations, causing spurious translational recordings that obscure the true nature of shaking. Moreover, the relation between ground motion amplitude and earthquake magnitude "saturates" for large earthquakes, causing magnitude underestimation that proved catastrophic for the 2011 Mw9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and resulting tsunami [Hoshiba and Ozaki, 2014; Yun and Hamada, 2014]. GNSS instruments capture the long period motions and have been shown to produce robust estimates of the true size of the earthquake source. However, GNSS alone is not precise enough to record first seismic wave arrivals, which is an important consideration for issuing an early warning. Our approach is to optimally combine direct measurements from collocated GNSS and accelerometer stations using a Kalman filter [Bock et al., 2011] to estimate broadband coseismic displacement and velocity waveforms with complete spectral recovery from the static offset to the accelerometer Nyquist frequency, regardless of the intensity of shaking. This approach, referred to as seismogeodesy, includes the long period and static offset without interference from accelerometer errors or saturation for large magnitude events and, unlike GNSS alone, is precise enough to detect P-wave arrivals. We demonstrate the advantages of seismogeodesy for earthquake early warning via retrospective simulated real time examples for earthquakes in the western U.S., Japan and Chile. For event detection and location we use the seismogeodetic velocity. We also discuss the sensitivity of hypocenter location as a function of the distribution of monitoring stations near the source and demonstrate rapid magnitude scaling relationships [Crowell et al., 2013; Melgar et al., 2015]. The prototype early warning system developed at Scripps is being applied to local tsunami warning by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Tsunami Warning Centers. The critical input for tsunami warning is a rapid estimate of magnitude.


Control of heat and mass transfer conditions during chocolate manufacture is a critical factor influencing product quality and performance. The molecular basis for specific tempering protocols developed by the chocolatiers, and used widely by the food industry, is poorly understood. Here we show that cooling and shear rates applied during cocoa butter crystallization affect the incorporation of specific triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species onto the surface of growing seed crystals, thus affecting the different structural levels in a cocoa butter crystal network. In this work, the effects of shear work on the different structural levels in cocoa butter are determined. Results from this research show different compositions during the early stages of static crystallization at different cooling rates. In other words, there is selective attachment of TAG species onto growing crystal surfaces, leading to fractional crystallization. With the application of shear, differences between cooling rates became negli...


Optical extraction characteristics of steady-state solid-state Nd:YAG lasers with amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) gain depumping losses are discussed. The gain model includes gain depumping losses by ASE and assumes that the medium is homogeneously-broadened. The rate equations describing the spatial growth of the intracavity intensities for a stable optical resonator are summarized, the threshold lasing condition is derived, and the coupled equations solved for the optical extraction efficiency using both first-order perturbation theory and a new numerical method in which the two-point boundary value problem is recast as an integral equation to be solved for the geometric mean of the forward and backward intensities at the optic axis. Solutions are determined for the optical extraction efficiency for medium parameters appropriate to high gain Nd:YAG lasers. Comparisons with the simple, uniform intracavity intensity model show the latter is not always a good approximation. The well-established empirical critera that the gain-length product satisfy gℓ < 2-4 to limit ASE power losses is shown to be a consequence of a constraint arising to ensure the validity of a perturbation solution of the stable resonator model and its upper limit is shown to be determined by the spectroscopic and lifetime parameters of the gain media.


X-ray bremsstrahlung isochromat spectra (BIS) as well as photoemission spectra (XPS) are measured for YbP, YbAs and Yb 4 As 3 . The BIS spectra have revealed clear differences in the Yb 4f and 5d states between the Yb-monopnictides and Yb 4 As 3 . Yb 4p and 5p core XPS spectra have shown the mixed valence of Yb 4 As 3 compared with the predominance of Yb 3+ in Yb-monopnictides.


Heteroaromatic rings are present in various biological and pharmacological active molecules. Substituted aryl-pyridazines have given rise to considerable interest because of their diverse pharmacological properties (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular drugs…). Moreover, structures which contain pyridazines are used in supramolecular chemistry for their applications through self-assembly processes in the presence of metal ions.In order to elaborate building blocks containing pyridazine rings such as aryl or heteroaryl-pyridazines, we turned our intention on the development of complementary methods involving organometallic reagents. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organometallic compounds with organic halides is one of the most powerful methods for the generation of C-C bonds.We chose to develop the most straightforward method involves heterocoupling reaction of aryl/heteroaryl compounds under electrochemical conditions (sacrificial anode process) associated to a nickel catalysis. However some limitations have been pointed out when 3,6-dihalogenopyridazines are involved in the cross-coupling reaction. An electrochemical study was investigated in order to propose some mechanistic considerations. A second part of this work consisted in the study of arylzinc and triarylbismuths reagents toward 3,6-dihalogenopyridazines


Within the dense population and urbanization, natural areas in the cities are becoming more valuable as places where the recreation needs are met. Natural parks with visual value along with vegetation and wildlife also have an important place among natural areas. The aim of this study is to determine the recreation potential of the Bentler Natural Park in the Belgrad Forest, which has a variety of recreational opportunities such as picnics, hiking, cycling and nature photography. For this purpose, the Gülez Method which is often preferred in determining the recreation potential of forests was used. This method determines the recreation potential of the area by evaluating five elements: landscape value, climate value, accessibility, recreational convenience and negative factors in the recreation area. According to this; the recreation potential of Bentler Natural Park was evaluated and the recreation potential was determined to be 77% (very high). Various proposals have been made to increase the recreation potential by reducing negative factors in Bentler Natural Park by survey and user reviews.


The genus Capsicum commonly known as chilli pepper is a major spice crop and is of cosmopolitan in distribution. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native PAGE) was used to study the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozyme variation in 21 varieties of Capsicum annuum L. A maximum of 4 PPO bands were scored in five varieties i.e., Ca14, Ca15, Ca16, Ca19 & Ca20, while the minimum (2 bands) was observed in four varieties (Ca3, Ca10, Ca13 & Ca17). 15 pair wise combinations showed highest average per cent similarity (100%) and the UPGMA dendrogram represented low genetic diversity. The present study revealed that considerable intraspecific differences were found in the varieties. Thus the results obtained could be used in fingerprinting the genotypes.


Cognitive rehabilitation has demonstrated efficacy in producing short‐term cognitive and brain changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, no study has assessed the long‐term effects of cognitive rehabilitation using neuroimaging techniques in PD. The aim was to assess the longitudinal effects of a 3‐month cognitive rehabilitation programme evaluating the cognitive, behavioural and neuroimaging changes after 18 months.


An inner product computing unit computes inner products of an input pattern whose category is unknown, and orthogonalized dictionary sets of a plurality of reference patterns whose categories are known. A nonlinear converting unit nonlinearly converts the inner products in accordance with a positive-negative symmetrical nonlinear function. A neural network unit or a statistical discriminant function computing unit performs predetermined computations of the nonlinearly converted values on the basis of preset coefficients in units of categories using a neural network or a statistical discriminant function. A determining section compares values calculated in units of categories using the preset coefficients with each other to discriminate a category to which the input pattern belongs.


I observe a rough volume-dependent scaling of the low eigenvalues of a chiral Dirac operator in lattice studies of SU(3) lattice gauge theory with two flavors of color sextet fermions, in its weak-coupling phase. The mean value of the ith eigenvalue scales with the simulation volume V=L^4 as L^p ~zeta_i, where zeta_i is a volume-independent constant. The exponent p is about 1.4. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that p is the leading relevant exponent associated with the fermion mass dependence of correlation functions in a theory whose zero-mass limit is conformal.


Development of atomic power engineering with nuclear fuel cycle brings forward the requirement of the condition control of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). First of all, these are burnup, isotope structure of nuclear materials and fission products, data on the condition of shells of fuel elements, etc. It should be noted that detailed analysis of the specified parameters is important at all stages of the nuclear fuel life cycle at the nuclear power plant and in general at plant independently of the reactor type. Various aspects of increasing the safety of nuclear plants working on thermal neutrons are discussed. A new method based on application of Cherenkov effect and optical fiber for measurement of the nuclear radiation power, identification of the spent fuel assemblies and determination of the burning factor of the nuclear fuel is considered. Knowledge of burnup depth and isotope structure is necessary for elaboration of recycling strategy or burial of radioactive wastes. It is also important to reliably identify the spent fuel assemblies (SFA) to exclude the possibility of leak of the SNF, which may be used for manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. © 2012 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.


The effect of surface crossings on ion‐molecule reactions is investigated. A model is proposed to locate these crossings and determine their effect on reactive cross sections. The model successfully explains why some ion‐molecule reactions have cross sections larger than the Langevin value. It also explains why the two spin‐orbit states of Ar+ have different cross sections for reaction with H2.


A side-standing dynamic simulation apparatus comprises a fixed station, a moving mechanism, and a bearing seat. The fixed station is provided with a vertical standing arm; the moving mechanism is a moving mechanism with multi degree of freedom and comprises a fixed plate, a moveable plate and more than two telescoping rods connected between the fixed plate and the moveable plate; the telescoping rods are connected with the fixed plate and the moveable plate through universal joints; the front side of the bearing seat has a bearing space for human body to sit and the back side of the bearing space is a back side part of the bearing seat; the fixed plate of the moving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the vertical standing arm of the fixed station; and the fixed plate of the moving mechanism is fixedly connected with the back side part of the bearing seat. According to the utility model, the side-standing dynamic simulation apparatus not only creates the sense of being at scene during suspension, but also does not influence the layout and setting of the neighboring environment because the apparatus is positioned at the back side of the bearing seat.


Research Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze students' critical thinking skills in the reflection material on plane mirrors. The instrument used in this research is a matter of critical thinking skills
Methodology: This type of research uses qualitative and quantitative research. With a sample of 84 students. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 program to obtain the mean, mode, median, maximum and minimum.
Main Findings: Based on the results of this study, students' critical thinking skills are still low. Because students are less enthusiastic in the learning process, students also do not respond optimally to these problems, the student's concept understanding factor is still low, causing misconceptions.
Novelty/Original Research: The novelty in this study is in the form of an analysis of students' critical thinking skills in the material of plane mirror reflection.


Curvature segmentation method is a multi-threshold selection method through searching peak-valley based on histogram cumulative distribution function.However,the method is required to select parameters to compose curvature function,and the shape of curvature curve is effected according to parameters.Therefore,detection of peak-valley is effected by parameters.We propose a maximum entropy-based method to select optimal curvature parameters,and a multi-thresholding method based on the selected parameters.The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by multi-thresholding experiments on various images and comparison with other conventional thresholding methods based on histogram.


Proscenium: I style your hair. Obscene: I sell my body and soul. Siren: Fifty words a minute. Supper, the Last: More coffee? Closing scene: At last I'm in control. Hot, thirsty, teeth chattering, I let go. They notice. Panicking, they stretch me out on the bench, empty out my bag, look for traces of me. Pronounce me dead. Karoshi (in Japanese, death by overworking). In memory of the women we are.


As part of a participalory planl·breeding project wilh melhodological objeclives lo improve rainfed rice in eastem India. an evalualion of sensory characteristics was conducled with farmers in a village of Bibar. Twenly·four farmers (12 women .nd 12 men) evalualed 15 upland rice varieties as raw rice and parboiled rice for milIed and eooked rice appearance, coloT, odor, texlUre, stickine.s, taste, .nd overall acceptabilily. The rice samples were milled and cooked by the women farmers following their ordinary practices, One variely recorded good resulls with bOlh raw and parboiled modes of preparation, The preferences ofwomen and men farmers díd nol differ significantly. The rankings based on preferences were compared with the rankings ofthe varietie. for varíous physico-chemical characteristics measured in Ihe laboratory, Most correl.tions were not significant, indícating Ihat, for Ibe sel of lesled varieties, lhese pararnelers were poor prediclors of farmers' preferences. Tho rankings based on preferenees were compared with fanners' ficld rankings, and lhecorrelation was positive for raw rice andnegative forparboiled rice. Fanners' trade-offbetween field performance and grain qualily is Iherefore importanl lO .5ses. for al leas! parboíled rice. The resul!s of Ihis first sensory evalualion experiment will be used to simplity Ihe methodology and to improve varietal evaluation in Ibe formal breeding process,


Purpose: The purposes of this study were: (a) to identify role definition, tasks, and duties of the nurses who work in outpatient department (OPD), (b) to do Development a Curriculum(DACUM) chart, and (c) to compare duties and tasks among nurses, nurse's assistants, and doctors. Method: The DACUM co...


Perforated Duodenal Ulcer. MR. J. W. STRUTHERS analysed 26 cases of perforated duodenal ulcer which had fallen to his experience. The ages ranged from 14 to 69 years, but the majority were between 30 and 50. The series included 1 female. As to previous digestive history, there were marked dyspeptic symptoms, especially pain and flatulence, but only rarely vomiting and melaena, in 17 cases; slight and quite indefinite symptoms in 5; and a complete absence of dyspepsia in 4. A negative dyspeptic history was therefore of no value in excluding duodenal ulcer. In no case were these symptoms premonitory of perforation. After the initial acute pain and shock there might occur apparent improvement; in 4 cases this was so marked as to make diagnosis difficult, and in them on operation the leakage was found to be slight. In all the perforation was on the anterior duodenal wall, 1 to 1l in. from the pylorus. As to the operation, he had found chloroform the safest anaesthetic, without the previous exhibition of a sedative; it might be supplemented by ether in the later stages, if necessary. He closed the perforation by infolding the pyloro-duodenal junction and suturing with No. 2 or 3 non-chromicized catgut. Excision of the ulcer was unnecessary. If the condition of the patient permitted he advised the addition of a gastro-enterostomy in every case, both to obviate the effects of a duodenal stenosis, which might be considerable, and also to prevent the recurrence of ulceration. While swabbing out excess of peritoneal fluid, he regarded lavage as unnecessary and probably harmful. After the completion of the operation a dose of morphine or heroin sufficient to procure a few hours' sleep was given; water was allowed from the first; fluid food by the mouth in twenty-four hours, and soft food in a few days. His results were-2 deaths before operation and 5 after it, making 19 recoveries out of 24 operated cases. Of the 19 recovered cases, the after-history had been obtained in all but 2, showing a complete recovery of health in 14 and the recurrence of some dyspepsia in 3. The PRESIDENT said that melaena had been a commoner -feature of these cases in his experience. In cases of doubtful diagnosis he advised two separate incisions-the first, suprapubic, which could serve later for drainage, and the second over the duodenal region. Professor CAIRD thought raptured duodenal ulcer was more serious than gastric ulcer.,, Though general lavage was not necessary, he never omitted to wash out the pouch of Douglas, and always left a suprapubic glass drain. Mr. CATHCART thought peritoneal lavage, though not necessary in small effusion, should be done if the effusion were large. In the latter cases subphrenic abscesses might result from the omission of this procedure. The presence or absence of previous digestive symptoms might be due to the presence or absence of inflammation round the ulcer. The hungerpain and other symptoms were not pathognomic of duodenal ulcer, but were due to hyperchlorhydria. Professor THOMSON said he had never seen a case of perforated duodenal ulcer die of shock, and he agreed as to the advisability of gastro-enterostomy. In his experience perforating duodenal ulcers were not frequently associated with haemorrhage and melaena. Mr. WALLACE recalled 3 cases in which the reaction and improvement after perforation were very marked, and in all of which the aperture was the size of a shilling. He quoted from one large series of statistics to show that the addition of gastro-enterostomy did not appreciably increase the percentage of cures. Mr. MILES said the leakage after perforation was generally slight, a result probably due to the immediate closure of the pylorus. He had once seen during operation a duodenal ulcer perforate, and the only escape was of a small jet of air. He used silk for suturing, and generally washed out the peritoneum. Gastroenterostomy should be done, if not adding to the patient's risks. Mr. DOWDEN said local pain on abdominal percussion was an aid in diagnosis. He had done pyloroplasty in 5 cases, with four good results. He always washed out the peritoneum freely. Mr. WILKIE said that the first part of the duodenum had a precarious arterial supply, and this was probably a factor in causation, especially in men over 48 who had worked hard, drunk hard, and showed arteriosclerosis.


Key Points Question For early breast cancer, is 5-year local control with delayed second-procedure targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) noninferior to whole-breast postoperative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and how do long-term outcomes compare? Findings In this randomized clinical trial including 1153 participants, delayed second-procedure TARGIT-IORT was not noninferior to EBRT at 5-year complete follow-up; however, long-term (median 9 years) mastectomy-free survival, distant disease-free survival, and overall survival were not different. Meaning For early breast cancer, delayed second-procedure single-dose TARGIT-IORT given by reopening the lumpectomy wound had similar long-term mastectomy-free and overall survival compared with EBRT despite higher local recurrence.


This paper derives and evaluates the observable implications of the new view of the current account of the balance of payments in Mexico, during the period 1950-1991. According to this view, the current account is a result of the optimal decisions towards saving and investing from economic agents. The results arising from econometric tests applied to Mexico are consistent with the observable implications of this new view.


The original Fels reports were relatively silent on the subject of fetal sex, with the exception of a passing reference to a lack of a sex difference in fetal motor activity by maternal report (Richards et al., 1938). Although we found small but consistent sex differences on the development of fetal heart rate and variability, and a single difference in fetal motor measures near term, intra-fetal variation confers far more variance on fetal development than does fetal sex. This is compatible with observations of postnatal sex differences, in which modest mean differences are accompanied by highly overlapping distributions (Campbell & Eaton, 1999; Jacklin, 1981). Somewhat unexpectedly, we have also documented fetal sex effects on aspects of maternal function. Given these findings, and the existing literature on vulnerabilities linked to fetal sex, investigation of the potential moderating role of sex on the development of both fetus and pregnant woman remains a fertile area of inquiry


The survival of oxygenated and hypoxic cells of the R-1 rat rhabdomyosarcoma tumor line in suspension culture has been measured at several positions in the plateau and the extended peak regions of carbon-, neon-, and argon-ion beams. Both the carbon and neon beams had 14- and 23-cm ranges in water; the argon beam has a 13-cm range. Peak regions extended to both 4 and 10 cm were studied for each ion species. In the 10-cm extended peak, OER values were close to 2.0 for the carbon-ion beam, 1.9-1.5 for the neon beam, and 1.4-1.2 for neutrons, while the argon OER in the extended peak is lower than that for neutrons. The RBE values increased through the carbon peak region, were large and relatively constant through the neon peak region, and decreased through the argon peak region, thus reflecting the changing effective LET that results from the changing energies and the different charges of the particles. An analysis of the effectiveness of the different ion beams for killing hypoxic cells in the peak relative to killing oxygenated cells in the plateau implies that, for single-port irradiations, carbon ions may be the most advantageous charged-particle species for the treatment of deep-seated hypoxicmore » tumors. However, for tumors at shallow depths, the present results indicate that carbon and neon ions are similar in their effectiveness. Argon ions may be superior for the treatment of poorly oxygenated tumors close to the body surface.« less


Two types of integumental structures not previously recorded for Crustacea were found in the bathypelagic calanoid copepod Gaussia. Pits containing radiating ridges are always found at the base of aesthetascs. A squat appendage is articulated to joint 11 of the male right antennule, ending in a hemispherical and a conical projection.


This article discusses the limitations which Brazilian hematology-oncology centers face when conducting treatment programs for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and the problems concerning their implementation, funding and quality assessment by National Health Organization.


Engagement of the Fc (cid:1) RI expressed on mast cells induces the production of phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphos-phate by PI3K, which is essential for the functions of the cells. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) directly opposes PI3K by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate at the 3 (cid:1) position. In this work we used a lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA gene knockdown method to study the role of PTEN in CD34 (cid:2) peripheral blood-derived human mast cells. Loss of PTEN caused constitutive phosphorylation of Akt, p38 MAPK, and JNK, as well as cytokine production and enhancement in cell survival, but not degranulation. Fc (cid:1) RI engagement of PTEN-deficient cells augmented signaling downstream of Src kinases and increased calcium flux, degranulation, and further enhanced cytokine production. PTEN-deficient cells, but not control cells, were resistant to inhibition of cytokine production by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. The find-ings demonstrate that PTEN functions as a key regulator of mast cell homeostasis and Fc (cid:1) RI- responsiveness. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 5167–5171. increasing evidence that key steps in mast cell activation are mediated through the enzymatic


Objective:To summarize the experience in laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in treating calculi of common bile duet.Methods:The clinical data of 53 patients undergoing choledochoscopy from January 2005 to may 2009 in the Fifth people's hospital of Cheng Du during the advanced study of author were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Twenty-one patients were cured by removal of calculi from pipeline of gallbladder-neck.27 patients were cured from cutting open common bile duct.Among of them,17 patients received I stage suturing up of bile duct after taking out calculi.Out of 6 patients with T tube,remnants of calculi in common bile duct were seen in 3 case.Calculi were taken out through choledochoscopy from T tube.5 cases were changed to dissect the abdomen in the operation.Conclusion:In suitable eases,laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy are safe and efective in treatment of calculi in common bile duct with the advantages of less trauma.


The point of the study is to investigate educational and vocational counselors' strategies on drop in calls. In order to answer the purpose, the issues concerning the educational and vocational cou ...


www.taosinc.com Monolithic Silicon IC Containing Photodiode, Operational Amplifier, and Feedback Components Converts Light Intensity to a Voltage High Irradiance Responsivity, Typically 137 mV/( W/cm2) at p = 635 nm (TSL250R) Compact 3-Lead Clear Plastic Package Single Voltage Supply Operation Low Dark (Offset) Voltage....10 mV Max Low Supply Current......1.1 mA Typical Wide Supply-Voltage Range.... 2.7 V to 5.5 V Replacements for TSL250, TSL251, and TSL252 RoHS Compliant (−LF Package Only)


Although the concept of usability has been well defined in the software usability engineering area, it is not appropriate to apply the same concept directly to the consumer electronic products. A new concept of usability appropriate for evaluating consumer electronic products was suggested in this study. It is characterized by integrating both the performance and impression factors. Based on the concept developed, specific usability attributes were defined and classified. In addition, the usability measures along with appropriate measurement techniques were also developed and classified to evaluate the usability attributes in an efficient and systematic manner. The results of this study can be used to evaluate the usability of consumer electronic products.


Deep learning is current buzz word in domain of computer vision. In this work, a method for human action recognition based on a variation of General Convolutional Neural Network (GCNN), called Scaled CNN (SCNN) is proposed. In GCNN, weights of the network are updated in every epoch of training to minimize the classification error. In SCNN, the weighs are first computed using gradient descent algorithm as in GCNN, and then multiplied by scaling factor. Scaling factor is calculated using statistical measures, mean and standard deviation of the frames. Since statistical measures vary from video to video, scaling factor adapts to these changes. As the statistical information from the frames is directly used to alter the weights, it results in minimizing the error faster as compared to GCNN. Results of the proposed method prove that higher accuracy can be achieved with less number of epochs if scaling is used.


Bleomycin, a radiomimetic drug currently used in human cancer therapy, is a well known carcinogen. Its toxicity is mostly attributed to its potentiality to induce DNA double strand breaks likely arising from the formation of two vicinal DNA strand breaks, initiated by C4-hydrogen abstraction on the 2-deoxyribose moiety. In this work we demonstrate that such a hydrogen abstraction reaction is able to induce the formation of a clustered DNA lesion, involving a 3′ strand break together with a modified sugar residue exhibiting a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde that further reacts with a proximate cytosine base. The lesion thus produced was detected as a mixture of four isomers by HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry subsequent to DNA extraction and enzymatic digestion. The modified nucleosides that constitute new types of cytosine adducts were identified as the likely two pairs of diastereomers of 6-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2-hydroxy-3(3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-2,6-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]-pyrimidin-5(3H)-one as inferred from mass spectrometry and NMR analyses of the chemically synthesized nucleosides. We demonstrate that bleomycin, and to a minor extent ionizing radiation, are able to induce significant amounts of the cytosine damage in cellular DNA. In addition, the repair kinetic of the lesion in a human lymphocyte cell line is rather slow, with a half-life of 10 h. The 2′-deoxycytidine adducts thus characterized that represent the first example of complex DNA lesions isolated and identified in cellular DNA upon one radical hit are likely to play an important role in the toxicity of bleomycin.


The Compton backscatter imaging (CBI) technique has been found to be capable of detecting buried landmines to depths of 3 to 4 in. The experimentally generated images are often cluttered by soil surface features, buried debris or soil inhomogeneities, and noise. These images can be enhanced by applying conventional low-pass and/or Wiener filters. However, these methods are often insufficient for reliable landmine detection. In contrast, a two-collision model detector response function was found to be very effective for image enhancement, even under adverse conditions. However, no explanation of the effectiveness or the physics of this model was presented. This research examines the physics of the two-collision model as applied to landmine detection by CBI and explains the effectiveness of filters based on this model.


Families raising children with disabilities face many everyday problems. They are or accepted, or sometimes rejected by the society or the society is indifferent to them. The presented research attempts to identify how families raising children with various disabilities cope in everyday life and how they perceive their problems and how their children are treated by other people. Research results indicate that apart from psychological and emotional support for the surveyed families, material support is important because maintaining the family at additional costs related to rehabilitation, specialist medical care, buying medicines and appropriate medical equipment hinders their daily existence.


This is a set for frequently asked questions (and answers) about the economic, institutional, and technological structure of the Internet. The authors describe the current state of the Internet, discuss some of the pressing economic and regulatory problems, and speculate about future developments.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)


Abstract : This study examines the concept of the operational center of gravity and whether is has relevance for operations today. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the definition of the operational center of gravity and how this concept can be used by the individual practicing operational art. The roots of the concept, as well as current explanations, are examined to determine the applicability of this concept. Two historical examples from World War II are illustrated to assist in clarifying the concept. Multiple centers of gravity are explored as well as their value to the operational artist. One of the conclusions drawn from this investigation is that there is usually but one center of gravity at the operational level. This center of gravity is supported by several sub-centers of gravity that give the center its freedom of action. These sub-centers form the spokes of the wheel the support the hub, from which the force attains its freedom of action. These spokes are relative in nature and consist of the strengths and weaknesses of the force. Unbalancing these spokes, while protecting one's own, should be the object of the operational commander. This allows for the indirect approach which results in success on the modern battlefield.


Intake and digestion of chopped lucerne hay was studied in three macropodine species, eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus. red-necked pademelon Thylogale thetis and tammar wallaby M. eugenii, and in sheep. The utilization of fresh Phalaris grass by the two wallaby species T. thetis and M. eugenii was also examined and compared. On the chopped lucerne hay diet, intake of organic matter (OM) was similar in sheep and M. giganteus, but sheep digested more (P<0.05) OM and thus consumed more (P<0.05) digestible energy (DE) than all three macropodine species. Among the macropodines. M. eugenii consumed the least (P<0.01) OM and DE but digested more (P<0.05) OM. However, acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility was similar in the three macropodine species and lower (P<0.05) than in sheep. On the fresh grass diet M. eugenii consumed less (P<0.05) OM and DE than T. thetis. ADF digestibility was similar in both species. Although ,M. eugenii consumed less nitrogen (N) than the other three species on the lucerne diet (P<0.01) and less N than T. thetis on the Phalaris diet (P<0.05), N balance was similar and positive in all species. Data from this and other published studies indicate that the maintenance requirements for energy and nitrogen of most macropodines are lower than for sheep, and appear to be lower in M, eugenii than in any other macropodine studied so far. It is also apparent that there are probably few real differences among the Macropodinae in efficiency of fibre digestion, at least on diets of adequate nitrogen and DE content.


In order to accommodate the growing thermal management needs of future space platforms, several two-phase active thermal control systems (ATCSs) have evolved and were included in the designs of space stations. Compared to the pumped single-phase liquid loops used in the conventional Space Transportation System and Spacelab, ATCSs offer significant benefits that may be realized by adopting a two-phase fluid-loop system. Alternately, dynamic power systems (DPSs), based on the Rankine cycle, seem inevitably to be required to supply the electrical power requirements of expanding space activities. Boiling heat transfer is one of the key technologies for both ATCSs and DPSs. Nucleate boiling near critical heat flux (CHF) can transport very large thermal loads with much smaller device size and much lower pumping power. However, boiling performance deteriorates in a reduced gravity environment and operation in the CHF regime is precarious because any slight overload will cause the heat transfer to suddenly move to the film boiling regime, which in turn, will result in burnout of the heat transfer surfaces. New materials, such as micro-configured metal-graphite composites, can provide a solution for boiling enhancement. It has been shown experimentally that this type of material manifests outstanding boiling heat transfer performance and their CHF is also extended to higher values. Due to the high thermal conductivity of graphite fiber (up to 1,200 W/m-K in the fiber direction), the composite surfaces are non-isothermal during the boiling process. The composite surfaces are believed to have a much wider safe operating region (a more uniform boiling curve in the CHF regime) because non-isothermal surfaces have been found to be less sensitive to variations of wall superheat in the CHF regime. The thermocapillary forces formed by the temperature difference between the fiber tips and the metal matrix play a more important role than the buoyancy in the bubble detachment, for the bubble detachment manifests itself by a necking process which should not be weakened by reduced gravity. In addition, the composite surfaces introduce no extra pressure drop, no fouling and do not impose significant primary or maintenance costs. All of these suggest that this type of composite is an ideal material for the challenge of accounting for both reliability and economy of the relevant components applied in the ATCSs, the DPSs and other devices in future space missions. The aim of the proposed work is to experimentally investigate high nucleate pool boiling performance on a micro-configured metal-graphite composite surface and to determine the mechanisms of the nucleate boiling heat transfer both experimentally and theoretically. Freon-113 and water will be used as the test liquids to investigate wettability effects on boiling characteristics. The Cu-Gr and Al-Gr composites with various volume fractions of graphite fibers will be tested to obtain the heat transfer characteristic data in the nucleate boiling region and in the CHF regime. In the experiments, the bubble emission and coalescence processes will be recorded by a video camera with a magnifying borescope probe immersed in the working fluid. The temperature profile in the thermal boundary layer on the composite surfaces will be measured by a group of micro thermocouples consisting of four ultra fine micro thermocouples. This instrument was developed and successfully used to measure the temperature profile of evaporating liquid thin layers by the proposers in a study performed at the NASA/Lewis Research Center. A two tier model to explain the nucleate boiling process and the performance enhancement on the composite surfaces has been suggested by the authors. According to the model, the thicknesses of the microlayer and the macrolayer underneath the bubbles and mushrooms, can be estimated by the geometry of the composite surface. The experimental results will be compared to the predictions from the model, and in turn, to revise and improve it.


The article presents the detailed analysis of well-known methodological approaches proposed by various authors to studying the emergence, growth and development of metropolis. The development genesis and complication of various theoretical approaches to the problem of metropolis uncontrolled growth are considered. Most of the existing urban theories, including those by A.E. Gutnov, are phenomenological and cannot give a convinced answer to the question: "Why is the megapolis growth unstoppable, uncontrollable and unpredictable?" This work proposes the different approach to the problem based on the canonical methodology of engineering, the city development, in particular.


bpass filters time series data using an approximation to the band pass filter as discussed in the paper "The Band Pass Filter" by Lawrence J. Christiano and Terry J. Fitzgerald (1999).


: Ecotoxicity testing is a crucial component of chemical risk assessment. Still, due to methodological dif fi culties related to controlling exposure concentrations over time, data on long-term effects of organic chemicals at low concentrations are limited. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to test the applicability of passive dosing to maintain stable concentrations of the organochlorine bacteriocide triclosan in the water phase during a 6-wk multigeneration population development test with the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes. Triclosan was loaded into silicone (1000mg), which was used as passive dosing phase in the exposure vials. The distribution ratio for triclosan between silicone and water (D silicone-water ) was 10466 (cid:2) 1927. A population development test was conducted at 3 concentration levels of triclosan that were measured to be 3 m g/L to 5 m g/L, 7 m g/L to 11 m g/L and 16 m g/L to 26 m g/L. The results demonstrate that passive dosing is applicable for long-term ecotoxicity testing of organic chemicals, including during signi fi cantgrowthofthetest organismpopulation.Shiftsinthedemographicstructureofthe populationduringexposure suggestthemost severe effects were exerted on juvenile development. Progressively lower development index values in the populations exposed to increasing triclosan concentrations suggest developmental retardation. The results further stress the need for chronic exposure during ecotoxicity testing in chemical risk assessment because even the most sensitive endpoint was not signi fi cant until after 7d of exposure.


Title: Demonstration of different segmentation and visualization techniques by means of a complex real world object exemplified by a Christmas tree Author Block: A. Kanitsar, D. Fleischmann, T. Theußl, L. Mroz, M. Sramek, E. Gröller; Vienna/AT Presentation#/Poster#: C-0965 Purpose: To demonstrate the properties of different advanced rendering techniques for the visualization of complex threedimensional objects, using a Christmas tree as an example. Methods: A Christmas tree was scanned with multiple detector-row CT (4 x 1 mm detector configuration, 0.5 mm section spacing). Various segmentation techniques, such as threshold and labelling, watershed-algorithms and region growing-methods were applied in combination with morphological and Boolean operators. The segmented objects as well as the original density information were visualized using MIP, volume-rendering, CPR, SSD, virtual endoscopy (arboroscopy) and non-photorealistic volume rendering. Different properties of the underlying visualization algorithms (i.e. ray-casting, ray-tracing, shear-warp, hardware accelerated, and OpenGL based visualization) were investigated. A video display of the examples was generated. Results: Taking advantage of cutting edge postprocessing and visualization methods resulted in an unprecedented level of quality and speed. Some of these properties, such as overall appearance, performance, preservation of fine details, and artefacts, were evaluated and demonstrated in comparison to the real features of the original Christmas tree. Conclusion: Advanced three-dimensional rendering of highresolution volumetric CT datasets allow a near-real-world display of complex three-dimensional objects. This work furthermore illustrates the flexibility and robustness of algorithms mainly used in medical imaging. OASIS Online Abstract Submission and Invitation SystemTM ©1996-2005, Coe-Truman Technologies, Inc.


The Tambopata region of the southern Peruvian Amazon supports a high diversity of both woody plants and forest types. Woods collected from low riverside vegetation, floodplain forest, clay-soil forest on an upper terrace, sandy-soil forest, and swamp forest provide an opportunity to test for significant differences in quantitative anatomical characters among forest types. Vessel-element length in floodplain-forest trees is significantly greater than in the other forest types. Specific gravity is lower in the two early-successional associations (low riverine forest and mature floodplain forest). Vessel diameter and density do not show significant differences among forest types and may be responding to overall climate controls. These two characters, however, show a pattern of variation within a transect extending back from the river along a gradient of increasing substrate and forest age; in addition, sites characterized by frequent flooding or presence of standing water lack vessels in the wider-diameter classes. The six characters analyzed show distributions that are, with the exception of wood specific gravity, significantly nonnormally distributed, a consideration that may be important in representing characteristics of assemblages of taxa. The degree of variability seen in some of the quantitative characters shows the importance of either basing analysis on adequate sample sizes or identifying robust indicators that can be used with small samples.


It was found that cellulose diacetate (the degree of substitution = 2.46) dissolved in 2-butanone but that these solutions presented cloud points in both regions of the lower and upper critical solution temperatures (LCST and UCST). The cloud points were measured for one unfractionated and three well-fractionated samples, from which the LCST and UCST were determined. The CST data were plotted according to Shultz and Flory, to yield the results of θu = 310K and θL = 433K. Here, θ is the theta point and the subscripts U and L refer to the UCST and LCST respectively. The present CST data were first compared with the prediction of a corresponding states theory by Patterson. When the Cowie-McEwen semi-empirical rule was employed to estimate the solvent characteristic temperature, a quantative agreement with the observed LCSTs was obtained, while the predicted USTs were too low in comparison with the observed ones. Secondly, an analysis according to Eichinger's theory offered information showing that the thermodynamic parameters of the present system were less temperature dependent. Differences between the present and the ordinary systems to which the Cowie-McEwen method was applicable were enumerated, each of the being examined from several points of view. A consideration that the 2-butanone molecules were solvated onto the cellulose diacetate molecules was helpful to explain the solubility behaviour of the present polymer.


ENEMY NUMBER ONE OF EVERY VEHICLE IS RUST. ACCORDING TO THE MOST RECENT ESTIMATES, SOME THREE MILLIARD DM ARE LOST ANNUALLY BECAUSE OF RUST. AT KAESSBOHRER GREAT EFFORTS HAVE BEEN MADE, IN CONJUNCTION WITH DINOL, TO MAKE THE FRAMES OF CAR BODIES AS CORROSION FREE AS POSSIBLE. A COOLING VOID SEALING TECHNIQUE CARRIED OUT WITH DINOL 621, WHICH IS BLOWN INTO THE FRAMEWORK SECTIONS AT A PRESSURE OF 80 ATM RESULTS IN THE OPTIMUM INTERNAL PROTECTION. AN UNDER-FLOOR PROTECTIVE COATING, RICH IN METAL PARTICLES, IS THE OPTIMUM TREATMENT FOR EXTERNAL PROTECTION. THE HYDRAULIC CONDUITS ARE MADE OF STAINLESS STEEL. GLASS PIPES ARE USED IN THE HEATING SYSTEM.


The study investigated the differences in performances of Biology major and minor students and determined the differences in performance of male and female students in levels 100 and 200 in two Biology courses in the University of Education, Winneba. Two hypotheses were tested using one factor analysis of variance and t-test. The design used was results analysis and comparison. The population was level 200 Biology major and minor students who were taught Cytology in level 100 and Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology in level 200. Two hundred and sixty eight students took Cytology in level 100, whereas 274 took Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology in level 200. Performances in the two biology courses were analysed and compared after the continuous assessment and examination scores were put together. In Cytology, Biology students performed best (64.94±1.2), followed by Chemistry (62.26±1.30 and Integrated Science (60.99±1) students. There were significant differences between the means of the students of the three programmes (F = 3.31; df = 2/267; P = 0.04 and α =0.05). Chemistry students performed best in Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology followed by Biology students and then Integrated Science students. However, there were no significant differences between the means for Introduction to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (F = 2.16; df = 2/273; p = 0.12 and α =0.05). Furthermore, male and female students performed equally in the two courses. The recommendation is that the University should expand its Biology laboratories and procure more science equipment for its Biology students.


HEIM' S old screen theory of chlorophyll appears on one page and on the opposite one the modern theory is stated, but no decision as to their merits is reported. The amount of CO2 in the air still appears as .04 per cent, and the starch formula as C6HJ,005. The work of two decades on solutions and osmosis is overlooked, for its bearing on the entrance of water, salts, and gases and on the movement of water and foods scarcely appears. The great advances in the last five years in the knowledge of perception, perceptive regions, and the interrelations of reactions find no reflection in this book, though they belong to its very essence. Dr. CLEMENTS set himself a very difficult task; perhaps an impossible one, if we do not mistake the trend of recent study. That must be allowed for. Our main criticism, however, is not upon the choice of material for a brief treatise; it is against the attitude of mind that can tolerate vague explanations and invalid reasoning, and against a treatment of fundamental topics which is ineffective and not in accord with present knowledge.-C. R. B.


The utility model discloses a buckling restrained brace with a tensioned gap protecting component, comprising a core stressed component, a buckling restrained component, a left end connection component, a right end connection component and a tensioned gap protecting component. The left end of the core stressed component is fixedly connected with the left end connection component; the right end of the core stressed component is fixedly connected with the right end connection component; the surface of the core stressed component is movably covered by the buckling restrained component; the left end of the tensioned gap protecting component is connected with the left end connection component; the right end of the tensioned gap protecting component is connected with the right end connection component; and the linear length of the tensioned gap protecting component is greater than the distance between the left end connection component and the right end connection component. The buckling restrained brace can improve the deformation control ability of the buckling restrained brace in the engineering structure under great earthquake action, prevent breakage of the buckling restrained brace and enhance the anti-collapse ability of the engineering structure.


We have studied the polaron effect on the binding energy of a hydrogenic impurity in a quantum-well structure. The interactions of an electron with both the confined bulk phonon and the interface phonon are taken into account. The competition between these two phonon modes is discussed. We have also extended the calculation for the case of a finite quantum well. It is found that the polaronic correction becomes bigger as the potential barrier gets higher


For most civilized people terrorism is hard to imagine. Scenarios are concrete descriptions of events, case studies that help the imagination. Statistics inform, but are abstract. Planners and strategists, be they Colonels, Captains or Chiefs, need good scenarios, and they need to think and talk about them. Those who rely exclusively on statistics, to use a phrase popular in another decade or on another coast, don't get their consciousnesses raised; terrorism remains beyond the imagination.


This module is intended to provide guidance to incorporating sustainable design principles into the Process Separations Course. Process Separations is typically a core course in the Chemical Engineering curriculum. The concepts developed in this module are geared toward junior level students in Chemical Engineering. Typical engineering prerequisites for this module will include Mass and Energy Balances and Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. Separation unit operations such as Liquid‐Liquid Extraction, Absorption, Binary Distillation, Multicomponent Distillation, Membrane separation and Vapor‐Liquid Equilibrium concepts are covered in this module. A set of practice problems with solutions follows this module. These problems will reinforce the sustainable design principles presented in the module.


Significance Efficient delivery of therapeutic molecules inside cells by nontransgenic approaches is key as gene editing/correction, directed differentiation, and in vivo cell modulation/tracking are translated for regenerative medicine applications. Here we describe a peptide-based system engineered to enhance the activity of cell-penetrating peptides to achieve exceptional intracellular transduction. Glycosaminoglycan-binding enhanced transduction (GET) uses peptides that interact with cell membrane heparan sulfates and promote cell-penetrating peptide-mediated endocytosis into cells. The system is not dependent on extensive positive charge and can be tailored to deliver peptides, recombinant proteins, nucleic acids, nanoparticles, and antibodies. Importantly, this approach does not affect cell proliferation and viability and can be used to deliver a plethora of functional cargoes. Protein transduction domains (PTDs) are powerful nongenetic tools that allow intracellular delivery of conjugated cargoes to modify cell behavior. Their use in biomedicine has been hampered by inefficient delivery to nuclear and cytoplasmic targets. Here we overcame this deficiency by developing a series of novel fusion proteins that couple a membrane-docking peptide to heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with a PTD. We showed that this GET (GAG-binding enhanced transduction) system could deliver enzymes (Cre, neomycin phosphotransferase), transcription factors (NANOG, MYOD), antibodies, native proteins (cytochrome C), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and nucleic acids [plasmid (p)DNA, modified (mod)RNA, and small inhibitory RNA] at efficiencies of up to two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported in cell types considered hard to transduce, such as mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), human ESCs (hESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This technology represents an efficient strategy for controlling cell labeling and directing cell fate or behavior that has broad applicability for basic research, disease modeling, and clinical application.


: In this study modeling and analysis of Cold Formed Steel Castellated I-Section is presented. A castellated steel beam is per definition a wide flange (WF) or I shaped steel profile with openings, to reduce self-weight and improve the effectiveness in terms of material use. Recently, extensive study on these castellated steel beams has been conducted, involving different shapes in web openings. The main goal of these research works was to evaluate and analyze its optimum opening sizes and shapes configuration. More in-depth research work to the behavior and the influence of holes to WF beams need to be conducted. In this paper, cold formed 5 number of I– beam with constant dimension and varying load studies conducted. Additional castellated beam with circular and hexagonal shaped web opening is chosen as alternate. The study involves a modification in the variation of circular and hexagonal web openings both in the horizontally direction with single and 5 number of holes. A numerical study based on the finite element method conducted with the Abaqus /CAE 6.12 software is used to analyze the elastic and buckling behavior of the beam. The obtained results are compared from the finite element analysis to optimize the section element. the factory, they were connected using high strength bolts at the construction site. Thus, the upper and the lower Tee-sections can be separately, being convenient for a castellated steel beam with great section height. The residual stresses in the web-post induced by could also be avoided. The shear buckling behavior of the web- post in a BCSB with octagonal openings was studied using a verified finite element model. The buckling mode and the buckling strength of the web-post in a BCSB were compared with those of a traditional Welded Castellated Steel Beam (WCSB). Research results showed that web-posts in a BCSB with octagonal web openings had as good structural performance as those in a WCSB. Studied parameters of the BCSB included the bolt diameter, the width-to-thickness ratio of the web-post and the bolt layout. To increase the buckling strength of the web-post, a BCSB using stiffened


Religious court as forefront in economic sharia dispute resolution in litigation has not ideal place to perform their duty since there are still regulation conflicts such as implementation of encumbrance right execution which still becomes a domain in district court. As explained, this article discusses phi-losophical foundation of Religious Court competence to resolve economic sharia issues. In regard to this, conceptual approach, law approach and historical approach are respectively used. Based on the analysis, basic competence of religious court is Islamic personality principle which carries the use of Islamic law elements (sharia principle) in its legal relationship. From the analysis the implication is drawn that as long as a dispute belongs to economic sharia, then it is Religious Court which is com-petent to handle including court decision. Keywords : law enforcement, economic sharia dispute, absolute competence, court decision implementation


This module is provided with: a first insulating substrate-side member (10), which has a first insulating substrate (11), a first conductor layer (12) that is provided upon the first insulating substrate (11), and first electronic elements (31a, 32a) that are provided upon the first conductor layer (12); a second insulating substrate-side member (60), which has a second insulating substrate (61), a second conductor layer (62) that is provided below the second insulating substrate (61), and second electronic elements (31b, 32b) that are provided below the second conductor layer (62); and a sealing material (80) that is provided between the first insulating substrate (11) and the second insulating substrate (61). The first electronic elements (31a, 32a) and the second electronic elements (31b, 32b) are disposed facing each other. The first electronic elements (31a, 32a) and the second electronic elements (31b, 32b) are connected by conductive element-connecting conductor columns (51)


The objectives of the research are: to find out whether Animation Video improve the students' vocabulary mastery at the fifth grade students of SDN Jatisobo 02 in the Academic Year of 2014/2015 and to describe the class condition when Animation Video is implemented at the fifth grade students of SDN Jatisobo 02 in the Academic Year of 2014/2015. The research was carried out at SDN Jatisobo 02. It was conducted from April to June 2015. The subject of the research was the students of the fifth grade. In the implementation of the teaching-learning process, the researcher conducted two cycles. Each of cycle consists of three meetings included post-test at every cycle. Every cycle consist of four steps; planning, action, observation and reflection. It optimized the use of animation video as the media for teaching vocabulary. In collecting the data, the researcher used two kinds of techniques; qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were collected through observation and interview. The quantitative data were collected using tests. The qualitative data were analyzed using constant comparative method and the quantitative data were analyzed through statistic technique for comparing the pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2. The tests result showed the improvement of the students' achievement before and after the action in Cycle 1 and Cycle 2. The students' mean score in the pre-test is 63.6. The students' mean score in the post-test 1 is 71.7 and the students' mean score in the post-test 2 is 79.5, which the last mean score is higher than KKM which is 65.00. It means that there was an improvement between the students' vocabulary mastery before and after the action research. The action research findings showed "the used of animation video can improve the students' vocabulary mastery and the classroom condition". Key word: Vocabulary Mastery, Animation Video, Classroom Action Research.


Although many occupant protective measures, particularly for frontal impacts, have been and will continue to be developed over the years, a new investigation has indicated some surprising relationships. There has, for example, through test conditions of a fixed speed impact, been a trend in recent years for a "maximized" force-deflection curve of the vehicle front-end. It can now be shown that, contrary to the previous school of thought, this trend brings about a decrease in safety for real-world accidents. Appropriate test configurations are needed to ensure that safety developments for future vehicle generations are not steered in the wrong direction. One vehicle manufacturer's internal tests provide development to meet this need.


Employee attendance is data that shows the daily attendance of employees in a company. Data that can be generated from an employee's absence is the time of arrival and departure of employees as proof of attendance at work in the office. There are several problems that arise from this finger print presence equipment. The first problem is the sensitivity of the tool, this presence tool sometimes takes a long time to recognize employee fingerprints, secondly the location of the finger print tool is too far from the employee room. The use of a Mobile-Based Presence application with Location Radius Validation is a solution to the presence problem. To facilitate the use of this presence application, it is necessary to conduct a workshop on the use of the presence application by employeesKeyword : fingerprint, presence, location


Author(s): Camarillo, Mary K; Stringfellow, William | Abstract: In this document, disclosure data from 1,228 well stimulations occurring May 2015 to October 2019 in California are evaluated. This evaluation updates a previous study that was based on 618 well stimulations occurring May 2015 to June 2016 (Stringfellow, W.T., Camarillo, M.K., and Jordan, P. 2017, Status of Well Stimulation in California Since Implementation of SB-4 Regulations, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA). While the goal of the previous study was to provide a summary of information obtained since passage of California Senate Bill No. 4—Oil and Gas, the goal of the current evaluation is to provide a basis for studying chemical indicators that could potentially be used to detect aquifer contamination. We evaluate chemical indicators is a separate document using the data contained herein as well as data from monitoring wells located within oil fields. Compared with the data used by Stringfellow et al. 2017, the current evaluation is based on a more diverse data set. While the previous study contained data for only two oil fields with more than 30 well stimulations, the current data set contains four oil fields with more than 30 well stimulations, making these data more ideal for comparisons using statistical tests. More producers and a new oil field, Buena Vista Nose, are represented in the current data set. Some well stimulation practices remain relatively unchanged since the previous study. Well stimulation is mostly occurring in Kern County with the exception of a single well stimulation in Orange County. Almost all well stimulations are hydraulic fracturing. The current data set contains two acid fracturing treatments and one matrix acidizing treatment. The median number of chemicals added per well stimulation—excluding water and proppant—was previously 21; the number in the expanded data set is 20. Median water added per well stimulation was previously 89,000 gallons and is now 98,000 gallons. While this water use represents a 10% increase, water use for hydraulic fracturing in California is still lower than water use in other oil and gas fields. Chemical formulations appear to have shifted since the previous study. This shift may be related to a change in the predominant service company. We identified 26 chemicals for which the frequency of use has changed by more than 30%. The total number of chemicals used has also expanded. Previously, 178 unique chemicals were identified as being added to well stimulation fluids. The total number of unique chemicals is now 205. Analytical data available for base and recovered fluids has expanded. The number of base fluid samples has increased from 12 to 35 and the number of recovered fluid samples has increased from 1,078 to 2,166. The expanded data set is more ideal for an evaluation of indicator chemicals and comparisons across different formations. The analytical data for recovered fluid samples indicates that many ions, radioactive constituents, and organics are consistently observed, making these chemicals ideal for consideration as potential indicators of aquifer contamination.


The successful operation of the gyrotron strongly depends on the proper alignment of the gyrotron with the magnet. The difficulty of the alignment will increase as the frequency becomes higher, especially for the terahertz pulsed gyrotron. In this article, we describe an easily implemented alignment method in detail. A triaxial adjusting flange was designed to align the gyrotron. The alignment of the gyrotron can be identified by the fluorescent effect of the electron beam on the sapphire output window, which will be captured by triggering a charge-coupled device camera. The affine transformation was also used to correct the distorted image. The validity of the proposed alignment method is verified via a prototype of an 800-GHz second-harmonic pulsed gyrotron.


Contemporary views of human consciousness illuminate many aspects of music education. In this paper the cultural nature of consciousness is linked to issues of music curriculum development, multiculturalism, and musical values. In doing so, the claims made by David Aspin in the International Journal of Music Education, 27, 1996 are also engaged.


Signal generation of traditional electrochemical biosensors suffers from the random diffusion of electroactive probes in a electrolyte solution, which is accompanied by poor reaction kinetics and low signal stability from complex biological systems. Herein, a novel circuit system with autonomous compensation solution ohmic drop (noted as "fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV)") is developed to solve the above problems, and employed to achieve terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) and its small molecule inhibitor analysis. At first, a typical TdT-mediated catalytic polymerization in the conditions of original DNA, deoxythymine triphosphate (dTTP) and Hg2+ is applied for the electrode assembly. The novel electrochemical method can provide some unattenuated signals due to in-situ Hg redox reaction, thus improving reaction kinetics and signal stability. This approach is mainly dependent on TdT-mediated reaction, so it can be applied properly for TdT investigation, and a detection limit of 0.067 U/mL (S/N=3) is achieved successfully. More interesting, we also mimic the function of TdT-related signal communication in various logic gates such as YES, NOT, AND, N-IMPLY, and AND-AND-N-IMPLY cascade circuit. This study provides a new method for the detection of TdT biomarkers in many types of diseases and the construction of a signal attenuation-free logic gate.


The application of a prototype simulator, incorporating heuristic rules, for performing insulin-dosage optimisation and generating therapeutic advice is described. Preliminary results of validation work to assess the predictive accuracy and advisory capabilities of the system are provided.


Measurements of mass absorption coefficients for LiF, NaF and NaCl using the method often employed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopists are compared with measurements made with a multiple reflection spectrometer. These results are also compared with values computed by Cromer and Liberman (1970).


Background: intensive care unit (ICU) and in spite of advances in diagnostic techniques and management it remains a common cause of hospital morbidity and mortality. Aims/objective: setup, along with the susceptibility pattern for antibiotics and detect the multi them. Materials and Methods: Lakeshore hospital & research centre over a period of 2 years from November 2014 to October 2016, enrolling patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for COPD, Tuberculosis hours of mechanical ventilation are excluded from the study .Endotracheal aspirates we with suspected VAP and semi Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). Results: onset (< 96 hours of mechanical ventilation) VAP and 57.89% had late VAP. Ventilator associated pneumonia was more preponderant in males (63.15), the commonest age group being >60 years followed by age group 41 to 50 years (26.3%). Reintubation of more than one times, infection at other sites and prolonged ventilation are the risk factors for VAP. Acinetobacter species followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most commonly isolated revealed most of the pathogens to be multi groups in terms of outcome variables like death, 26%, which was signific mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care and the duration of hospital stay compared to the Non VAP cases. Conclusions: formulate infection control strategies. The present study also shows that VAP is increasingly associated with MDR pathogens which lead to in


The madly  rush upon  money may  derive a person  to sell the values and ethics  that he is supposed to enjoy having. The human emotions could be  affected by the  exaggeration of the  greed for money  and also magnifies  its negative impact on a noble feeling  like love, but is love a parcel  to be bought and sold by money and for the sake of money? Is it not  a supreme value upon which there isn't any compromise? If  the case became that business becomes the justification for the rich to profit from the sweat and misery of the poor and disadvantaged, is there  any sense of love and compassion left in them?   George Bernard Shaw in his play  Widowers' Houses gives answers to these questions outweighing  money on morality and love in the time when  feelings  become of little value, and the collected  money becomes the measure of manhood and success .In such time ,there is no  place for  true love in the world of business. Bernard Shaw grants his pen the freedom to portrait  money  in the figure of a contagious disease which attacks the rich to make themselves richer ,and the poor get the disease  from the rich so that they might exceed the poverty situation even if it is at the expense of their feelings, sympathy and morals  .