Reactive and functional polymers are manufactured with the aim of improving the performance of unmodified polymers or providing functionality for different applications. These polymers are created mainly through chemical reactions, but there are other important modifications that can be carried out by physical alterations in order to obtain reactive and functional polymers. This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of these reactive and functional polymers. Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume Two considers the coupling, crosslinking and grafting reactions to improve the compatibility of reactive and functional polymer blends. In this book, world-renowned researchers have participated, including Dr. Sabu Thomas (Editor-in-chief for the journal 'Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects'). With its comprehensive scope and upto-date coverage of issues and trends in Reactive and Functional Polymers, this is an outstanding book for students, professors, researchers and industrialists working in the field of polymers and plastic materials. Understanding the phenomenon of bioadhesion i.e. its theories or mechanism(s) are of critical importance in developing optimum bioadhesive polymers (used in bioadhesives). Such bioadhesive polymers are the key for exhibiting the process of bioadhesion, controlled/sustained release of drugs, and drug targeting. The use of bioadhesives restricts the delivery system to the site of interest and thus offers a useful and efficient technique for targeting a drug to the desired location for a prolonged duration. This book addresses the various relevant aspects of bioadhesives in drug delivery in an easily accessible and unified manner. The book containing 12 chapters written by eminent researchers from many parts of the globe is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamental Aspects; Part 2: Bioadhesive Formulations; Part 3: Drug Delivery Applications. The topics covered include: Theories and mechanisms of bioadhesion; bioadhesive polymers for drug delivery applications; methods for characterization of bioadhesiveness of drug delivery systems; bioadhesive films and drug delivery applications; bioadhesive nanoparticles; and bioadhesive hydrogels and applications ocular biodhesive drug delivery systems; buccal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; gastrointestinal bioadhesive drug delivery systems ; nasal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; vaginal drug delivery systems; pulmonary bioadhesive drug delivery systems. Covering current advances in the science and technology of polymeric and organic materials, each chapter is a selfcontained review of progress, and particular emphasis has been placed on obtaining an overall understanding of the state of the art in each area. This is the first book to provide a background perspective on this field of research, and is suitable for both professional researchers and postgraduate students. "Molecular Gels: Materials with Self-Assembled Fibrillar Networks" is a comprehensive treatise on gelators, especially low molecular-mass gelators and the properties of their gels. The structures and modes of formation of the selfassembled fibrillar networks (SAFINs) that immobilize the liquid components of the gels are discussed experimentally and theoretically. The spectroscopic, rheological, and structural features of the different classes of low molecular-mass gelators are also presented. Many examples of the application of the principal analytical techniques for investigation of molecular gels (including SANS, SAXS, WAXS, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopies, scanning electron, transmission electron and optical microscopies, and molecular modeling) are presented didactically and indepth, as are several of the theories of the stages of aggregation of individual low molecular-mass gelator molecules leading to SAFINs. Several actual and potential applications of molecular gels in disparate fields (from silicate replication of nanostructures to art conservation) are described. Special emphasis is placed on perspectives for future developments. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners either already researching selfassembly and soft matter or new to the area. Those who will find the book useful include chemists, engineers, spectroscopists, physicists, biologists, theoreticians, and materials scientists. Providing valuable insight on physical behavior of polymer solutions, intermolecular interactions, and the molecular nature of mixtures, each volume in this one-of-a-kind handbook brings together reliable, easy-to-use entries, references, tables, examples, and appendices on experimental data from hundreds of primary journal articles, dissertations, Concise Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia culls the most used, widely applicable articles from the Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia more than 1,100 and presents them to you in a condensed, well-ordered format. Featuring contributions from more than 1,800 scientists from all over the world, the book discusses a vast array of subjects related to the: synthesis, properties, and applications of polymeric materials development of modern catalysts in preparing new or modified polymers modification of existing polymers by chemical and physical processes biologically oriented polymers This comprehensive, easy-to-use resource on modern polymeric materials serves as an invaluable addition to reference collections in the polymer field. An authoritative resource that offers an understanding of the chemistry, properties and applications of temperatureresponsive polymers With contributions from a distinguished panel of experts, Temperature-Responsive Polymers puts the focus on hydrophilic polymers capable of changing their physicochemical properties in response to changes in environmental temperature. The contributors review the chemistry of these systems, and discuss a variety of synthetic approaches for preparation of temperature-responsive polymers, physicochemical methods of their characterisation and potential applications in biomedical areas. The text reviews a wide-variety of topics including: The characterisation of temperature-responsive polymers; Infrared and Raman spectroscopy; Applications of temperature-responsive polymers grafted onto solid core nanoparticles; and much more. The contributors also explore how temperature-responsive polymers can be used in the biomedical field for applications such as tissue engineering. This important resource: Offers an important synthesis of the current research on temperature-responsive polymers Covers the chemistry, the synthetic approaches for presentation and the physiochemical method of temperature-responsive polymers Includes a review of the fundamental characteristics of temperature-responsive polymers Explores many of the potential applications in biomedical science, including drug delivery and gene therapy Written for polymer scientists in both academia and


On the basis of analysis of the current development of the sports tourism of Hubei province,the paper proposes the development strategies of sport tourism of Hubei province,i.e,renewing ideas,unifying thoughts about sports tourism development,integrating resources,giving prominence to special features,exploiting the distinguished items,strengthening promotion and sports tourism talent development,developing sports tourism market,drawing(scientific) time and place plan of the sports tourism etc.


The history of the gentry was not one of Rodney Hilton's central concerns. In much of what he wrote—on the structure of society, on the constitution of estates, on lord–peasant relations, on towns in feudal society—the gentry tended to be subsumed within the broader, secular landowning class. This was so, partly because lesser families have left comparatively little in terms of private records compared to great landowners, both secular and ecclesiastical, but also because the structure and role of the gentry per se were not his prime interests. He was very much aware, however, of problems surrounding status: of the changing nature of knighthood, for example, of the issue of gentility, and of the question of social gradation, and he had things to say on the blurring of distinctions in the decades after the Black Death and on the specific problem of the franklin. On one occasion he spoke of 'an old problem in English social history—the identification of the ''gentry'' '. Although he was very much aware of the directions in which the study of the gentry might go, these issues were less important to him than the ones he chose to follow centrally in his own research. Gentility was seen primarily as part of the system of oppression under which the medieval majority lived. He highlighted not only famous statements like 'When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the Gentleman?', but also figures like the leading character among the shepherds in the Towneley Plays who is in reality a landholding husbandman and who complains of being harassed by 'gentlery men'. Hilton noted that 'the members of the landowning class with whom the peasants came most into contact were the gentry', not least in their capacity as agents of the state. At the same time, however, he was well aware that social relations between gentry and peasants were not necessarily antagonistic.


The present invention discloses a method wherein a partial image region based amplification method and apparatus correlation, comprising: A new method and apparatus for image enlargement. In the new image enlargement process, an aspect of the present invention utilizes the characteristics of high resolution and low resolution of the original image in a target image region having a certain uniformity characteristics, by known point in the current area of the prediction error and deduced region feature applied to generate the high resolution image; edge-sensitive factor on the other hand introduced to further enhance the image characteristic, such that this feature is more significant, for the purpose of improving image quality. In the new amplification device, according to the present invention in the data memory for the sector is divided into two pipelined hardware configuration. Each module is distributed in two passes through the pipeline prediction error calculation, enhanced features, a weight generating weighting direction of the step, the calculated values of all unknown point. The device has a smaller expensive to apply at the same time significantly improve the quality of an enlarged image.


The invention relates to a reactor (1) comprising: a housing (3) comprising a bottom wall (15), a top wall (17) and a lateral wall (19) connecting the lower wall (15) (with the upper wall 17 ) connects; in the housing (3) into the carrier plate (9) for one or more substrate elements; at least one first supply line (29-1) for a gas of a first type and at least one different from the first supply line the second supply line (29-2) for a gas of a second type; a gas injector (5) and a gas collecting channel (7). In this reactor: - the gas injection device (5) injection means at least connected one with the first supply line (29-1) and at least one with the second supply line (29-2) includes associated injector (30), wherein the injection devices have at least one in the open out side wall (19) introduced inlet opening (31) in the housing (3); - open the totality of the injectors (30) of the first supply line (29-1) and the totality of the injectors (30) of the second supply line (29-2) above the other one; and - the collecting channel (7) comprises at least one in the lateral wall introduced (19) outlet opening, which, with respect to the support plate (9), at one of the inlet opening (31) opposite place and substantially (at the same height as the inlet opening 31) is arranged.


In order to improve functional and biological properties of shrimp chitosan and to facilitate its utilization, chitosan derivatives were prepared by chemical depolymerization using hydrochloric acid (6 M) during 2 h. The obtained chitosan depolymerization products (CDP) were characterized in terms of molecular weight (Mw), acetylation (AD) and polymerization (DP) degrees, solubility, viscosity and crystallinity, and analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. High Mw-CDP varying from 396 to 94 kDa and low Mw-CDP (< 4.4 kDa), with a DP up to 6 determined by MALDI-TOF, were withdrawn at different hydrolysis time and then desalted on chromatography Sephadex G-25 column. It is clearly demonstrated that the viscosity, the AD and the crystallinity decreased upon depolymerization, especially in low Mw-CDP. While, solubility in water and acetic acid were highly improved. FTIR analysis showed similar spectra of chitosan and CDP. The antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties of CDP were investigated and demonstrated that they were related to its Mw. Indeed, as compared to chitosan, high Mw derivatives, especially C120, possess higher antibacterial and antifungal potentials. While, low Mw-CDP, especially H120, exhibited the highest antioxidant properties. Interestingly, the used chemical depolymerization process seems to be an efficient, simple and easy method to produce bioactive chitosan derivatives with attractive characteristics to be applied in an industrial scale, especially as functional-food components.


In this study, waste tires were used to develop activated carbon for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions, and an artificial neural network (ANN) model was applied to predict the adsorption efficiency of waste-tire activated carbon (WTAC). SEM and FTIR were used to characterize the developed WTAC. A three-layer ANN with different training algorithms and hidden layers with different numbers of neurons was developed using 79 data sets gathered from batch adsorption experiments with different initial Cr(VI) ion concentrations, contact periods, temperatures, and doses. Conjugate gradient backpropagation of Powell-Beale restarts (traincgb) was found to be the best training algorithm among all the training algorithms, with an RMSE of 5.894 and an R2 of 0.985. The ANN topology had 4, 8, and 4 neurons in the input, hidden, and output layers. The correlation coefficient of the ANN models of Cr(VI) ion adsorption efficiency is 0.977.


Field experiments were conducted during 2001-04 at the Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of crop residue incorporation on the relative efficiency of di-ammonium phosphate and Mussoorie rock phosphate on Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. The results indicated that phosphorus application significantly increased growth, yield parameters, yield and gross and net returns of Indian mustard. The response was limited to 40 kg P 2 O 5 /ha as di-ammonium phosphates while the response to Mussoorie rock phosphate was linear up to 120 kg P 2 O 5 /ha. Agronomic efficiency, response and economic returns at economic optimum dose with di-ammonium phosphate were higher than that of Mussoorie rock phosphate. Diammonium phosphate also gave 3-22% higher gross and 4-75% higher net returns than the Mussoorie rock phosphate. Residue incorporation had no significant effect on growth, yield attributes, yields and gross and net returns of Indian mustard but significantly increased the efficiency of Mussoorie rock phosphate.


The paper presents a Multipath Miller Zero Cancellation (MMZC) technique to remove the Right Half Plane Zero (RHPZ) in Miller compensated operational amplifiers. For comparison four different CMOS amplifiers have been integrated: a reference circuit without RHPZ removal, two circuits with traditional resistor and cascode removal techniques and finally the circuit with Multipath Miller Zero Cancellation Measurements confirm that MMZC increases the bandwidth of a microamp Miller compensated output stage from 3MHz to 3MHz, while maintaining the robustness necessary for class-AB operation. The traditional methods for RHPZ removal fail under the same conditions and give rise to peaking ('the output bump')


Based on anology phase inteferometer,2-D multi-baseline and high-speed digital signal processing technology,the direction finding technique of wide-band 2-D multi-baseline analog inteferometer is studied in this paper.The realized system can present 2-D emitter infomation,and has high direction finding accuracy and wide application foreground.


The paper demonstrates the applicability of a special type of density matrix theory for the derivation of generalized Master equations. The density matrix theory has been formulated for the description of the dissipative electron transfer dynamics in molecular complexes. The theoretical approach is based on a representation of the density matrix in appropriately taken diabatic electron-vibrational states. Dissipative effects are taken into account by a coupling of these states to further vibrational modes of the molecular complex as well as to environmental degrees of freedom. The approach is applied to a two-center system as well as to a molecular chain. Memory kernels are derived in second order with respect to the inter-center coupling. The kernels are discussed under the assumption of a quick intra-center relaxation for a part of the vibrational modes as well as for all vibrational modes. Standard expressions for the transition rates between different sites are extended to include finite life times of the vibrational levels. Results which have been obtained in the study of the so-called spin boson model can be simply reproduced. The application of the derived generalized Master equations to the investigation of the motion of Frenkel excitons in molecular chains is also presented.


The article is devoted to the discussion of contemporary historical cognition, where in the context of historical reconstruction is solved the dilemma of either historical knowledge should be no less objective than natural sci-ences, or subjectivity should be quite acceptable in his-torical science. The article analyzes the problem in the framework of historical and scientific studies of the re-sults of historical reconstruction, defines the positions of representatives of presentism, antiquarism and post-modernism. The results show that modern social and cultural situation offers a challenge to the identity of in-dividuals, adequately responding to which they can im-prove their versatile abilities and form a more multifacet-ed view of the world. However, this will require from indi-viduals to be more active than in the previous eras – a modern person must himself choose: how, on what basis and what elements he will use to design his "I" and his identity and how he will arrange the labyrinth in which he is going to wander. In the context of the philosophy of history such changes have greatly influenced the inter-pretation of the specificity of a subject of historical cog-nition: in the light of globalization and planetary integra-tion today there is a struggle of "universal history" and " individualized history "; and "large-scale radial variation" of specifications of "histories" according to the degree of their "individualization" comes from the history of a per-sonality (almost biography), group, nation and state to the history of mankind in general. In the context of this situation, the notion of identity and the sense that it gives to the modern interpretation of a subject of historical cognition becomes especially topical.


In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate steel reinforced ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composites) column, which exhibits excellent crack control property and highly ductile behavior. Ordinary portland cement and high volume fly ash were used as binding materials in the mixture proportions for the purpose of achieving a high level of multiple cracking property with the tightly controlled crack width. To compare with the cyclic behavior of steel reinforced ECC column specimen, a conventional reinforced concrete column was prepared and tested under reversed cyclic loading condition. Based on the cyclic load test, ECC column exhibited higher cyclic behavior, compared to the conventional RC column, in terms of load carrying capacity and energy dissipation capacity.


In a time series study, air pollution was associated with specific cardiovascular causes of death. Deaths due to heart failure (ICD-9 428), arrhythmia (ICD-9 427), cerebrovascular causes (ICD-9 430–436), and thrombocytic causes (ICD-9 415.1, 433–4, 444, 452–3) were more strongly associated with air pollution than cardiovascular deaths (ICD-9 390–448) in general. Excess relative risks were 2.5 to 4 times larger for these categories than for total cardiovascular disease mortality. Heart failure deaths, which made up 10% of all cardiovascular deaths, were found to be responsible for about 30% of the cardiovascular deaths related to particulate matter, SO2, CO, and NO2.


Immune theory is introduced into ontology evolution process to realize ontology evolution. First of all, the paper sets up a formal evolution-oriented ontology model and the evolution framework, and then establishes an ontology evolution model through analyzing the deficiencies of existing ontology evolution research. Finally, it analyzes the process and steps of self-evolution when the domain, user needs or the environment changes. It also lays the foundation for the further research.


With the rapid growth of Web services,repositories needs to organize services.For accelerating the speed of web inquiry,services in repositories are preprocessed to achieve an effective organization structure.A RGPS-based service preprocessing method is proposed.Services are firstly clustered based on domain ontology and RGPSmodel.Then service composition is applied by using particle swarm optimization algorithm.Preprocessed services can match with RGPS requirement model rapidly,thus accelerates service searching.


The article deals with the development of poetic images and motifs associated with Mandelstam's ideas about the steppe space. The author reveals national and universal aspects of this complex of images and motifs, as well as their connection with the Russian literary tradition and the individual poetic mythology of Mandelstam.


The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of stayability (HP) in Caracu cattle in order to evaluate its usage as a selection criterion for longevity. Stayability was defined as the probability of a cow to be producing in the herd at the ages of 48 (HP48), 60 (HP60) and 72 (HP72) months. Binary observations indicating failure (zero) or success (one) were assigned to records on 5487, 4947 and 4308 cows with at least two lactations at the ages of 48, 60 and 72 months, respectively. Variance components and heritability for HP48, HP60 and HP72 were estimated using a sire model including the fixed effects of contemporary group, classes of milk yield at first calving, classes of age at first calving and the interaction between milk yield and age at first calving classes by Gibbs sampling with the MTGSAM for threshold program. Average heritability estimates for HP48, HP60 and HP72 were 0.28 ± 0.07, 0.27 ± 0.07 and 0.23 ± 0.07 respectively. These results indicate that HP can be used as selection criterion for longevity in Caracu cattle.


Perioperative fluid therapy should be considered as a medical prescription of which both the volume and the composition should be adapted to the patient status, the type of operation and the expected events in the postoperative period. Perioperative fluid therapy is aimed at providing maintenance fluid requirements, at correcting fluid deficit and at providing the volume of fluid needed to maintain adequate tissues perfusion. Recent literature is challenging the old concepts for maintenance fluid requirements described by Holliday and Segar in 1957(1), and the recommendations regarding both volume and content of perioperative solutions have been the subject of recent controversies. Fluid therapy in the neonatal period will not be considered in the present lecture.


Twenty one Chlamydia trachomatis reference strains and 40 clinical isolates belonging to the lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) and trachoma biovars were genotyped by differential restriction mapping of the major-outer-membrane-protein gene (MOMP) obtained by the polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). AluI digestion of the PCR product distinguishes eight MOMP-genotypes corresponding to 8 serovars. Six additional enzymes (NlaIII, CfoI, EcoRI, HinfI, DdeI and FokI) further permit the discrimination of 10 MOMP-genotypes corresponding to the 10 remaining serovars of the species. AluI alone allows direct typing of 78% of the clinical isolates. AluI digestion patterns of mouse C. trachomatis biovar, a C. pneumoniae and two C. psittaci strains, studied for comparison, were clearly distinguishable from one another and from the C. trachomatis LGV and trachoma strains. These results indicate that MOMP genotyping by PCR is a valuable molecular tool for studying C. trachomatis epidemiology.


This study assesses the effect of childhood welfare experiences on adult educational attainment, independent of its effect on family income. I estimate family fixed‐effect models using a sibling sample. I estimate the effects separately by race, gender, and developmental stages. Conventional regression estimates show a negative relationship between welfare and children's education after holding family income constant. The controls for unobserved disadvantages of welfare families using fixed‐effect methods weaken the effect overall and for some, but not all, subgroups. While welfare in early childhood has no statistically significant effect, welfare in adolescence has a negative effect.


This paper presents a low switching loss non-isolated DC-DC buck-boost converter with zero current switching characteristics. The proposed circuit uses the quasi-resonance method for both buck and boost operations with controlled complexity of auxiliary circuit. Both theoretical analysis and simulink simulations verify the zero current switching characteristics under PWM working state. Results show that in the buck operation, switching loss accounts for less than 0.1‰ of the total power; in the boost operation, switching loss accounts for 1.87‰. In addition, simulated voltage and current waveforms of critical parameters are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The performance of the proposed circuit is conducive for achieving smaller and highly efficient DC-DC converters.


1898 Learning Objectives 1. To provide an overview of the use of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) in the radioiodine (RI) treatment of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). 2. To evaluate the impact of rhTSH in significant parameters, such as quality of life, length of hospitalization, etc., comparing to thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW). 3. To demonstrate the role of rhTSH in the follow-up of DTC patients. DTC Patients are usually treated with near-total or total thyroidectomy, followed (when needed) by RI treatment. Traditionally, patients are prepared with THW. The use of rhTSH is established in the diagnostic surveillance of previously treated thyroid cancer, while the last decade, the use of rhTSH has also been approved for RI treatment. The objective of this educational exhibit is to present an extensive review regarding the utility of rhTSH in the management of DTC patients and to increase the physicians confidence in this method.


Detrital materials supplied from mantle-derived rocks have peculiar mechanical and chemical characteristics that make them excellent sedimentological and tectonic markers. Chromian spinels are well known and favored petrogenetic indicators because they contain several important cations, including Mg, Fe, Cr, Al, and Fe, as their main components. The Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratio (= Mg#), Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio (= Cr#), and Ti concentration are important parameters that are commonly analyzed to petrologically characterize chromian spinels. The main hosts in the chromian spinels of mantle peridotites (harzburgite and lherzolite) and their serpentinized equivalents are Mg# and Cr#, which are controlled by the equilibrium temperature (degree of subsolidus cooling) and degree of melt extraction, respectively. The chromian spinels in detritus materials are chemically stable during sedimentation processes, and can thus serve as powerful indicators of the tectonic and geologic history of the hinterland. The derivation of detrital chromian spinels, peridotites (serpentinites), chromitites, or volcanics can be partially identified by analyzing their Mg#, Cr#, and Ti concentrations in combination with their textures. The petrologic character of highly sheared serpentinite, such as the matrix of a serpentinite mélange complex, sometimes yields an inconclusive geodynamic history, but this can potentially be inferred from detrital chromian spinels in nearby sediments. Detrital chromian spinels from modern sediments are also useful for obtaining a general view of large peridotite bodies, such as the mantle section of the Oman ophiolite. When we compare the detrital spinels with those from in situ rocks, we should note that the host rocks containing the detritus material have already been eroded. If we analyze the serpentinite sandstones together with their closely associated peridotite bodies, we can possibly obtain information on the petrologic heterogeneity of the upper mantle. Our petrographic investigation of the Circum-Izu Massif Serpentinite Belt, central Japan, provides a good example of such a combined analysis of these peridotite-serpentinite sandstone pairs.


Actinomycosis of the lip is very rare. This report describes a case of actinomycosis affecting the lower lip. A 43-year-old man presented with a swelling of the right side of the lower lip. Incision with drainage was performed to treat the abscess. Drusen was found in the pus. The histopathological diagnosis was actinomycosis. The patient received 750mg LAPC three times daily for 40 days. Subsequently, the condition completely resolved.


Maximum Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC), time to reach maximum after the consumption of last drink, post-absorptive disappearance from blood and dose/response relationship for ethanol were studied in sixteen drinking subjects with consumption taking place in a normal social setting. BAC's were measured by means of breath samples introduced into Borkenstein Breathalyzers. The mean maximum BAC (mg/100 mL)/g ethanol/kg body weight was found to be 144 ± 25. Mean time to maximum after consumption of last drink was 35 min. ± 15. The post-absorptive rate of decline of ETOH was found to be 19.3 ± 3.2 mg% per hour. We also found the Widmark factor for females to be 0.70 and for males 0.73.


This study demonstrates that a stochastic frontier approach applied to regional level data offers a convenient and interesting method to examine how regional differences in matching efficiency and structural factors contribute to aggregate unemployment. The study reveals notable and temporally stable differences in matching efficiency across travel-to-work areas in Finland. If all areas were as efficient as the most efficient one, the number of hirings would increase by about 40 per cent. This would reduce the aggregate unemployment rate from the current 8.5 per cent level to 6.0 per cent. If all the areas shared the same structural characteristics as the most favourable area, the aggregate unemployment rate would drop to 7.1 per cent.


Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 plays a critical role in the regulation of a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. SHP‐1 is predominantly expressed in the cells of hematopoietic origin, and is recognized as a negative regulator of lymphocyte development and activation. SHP‐1 consists of two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and one protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domain followed by a highly basic C‐terminal tail containing tyrosyl phosphorylation sites. It is unclear how the C‐terminal tail regulates SHP‐1 function. We report the examination of the subcellular localization of a variety of truncated or mutated SHP‐1 proteins fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) protein at either the N‐terminal or the C‐terminal end in different cell lines. Our data demonstrate that a nuclear localization signal (NLS) is located in the C‐terminal tail of SHP‐1 and the signal is primarily defined by three amino‐acid residues (KRK) at the C‐terminus. This signal is generally blocked in the native protein and can be exposed by fusing EGFP at the appropriate position or by domain truncation. We have also revealed that this NLS of SHP‐1 is triggered by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation and mediates translocation of SHP‐1 from the cytosol to the nucleus in COS7 cell lines. These results not only demonstrate the importance of the C‐terminal tail of SHP‐1 in the regulation of nuclear localization, but also provide insights into its role in SHP‐1‐involved signal transduction pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 944–953, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The utility model relates to a multi-functional plug, which comprises a bottom seat (1) used for connecting with an electric appliance. The utility model is characterized in that the utility model also comprises a plurality of plug connectors (2) with the different models movably connected with the bottom seat (1). The multi-functional plug of the utility model consists of the plug connectors with the different models, which can adapt to a variety of different sockets, and which are more convenient for the operation.


Mathematics is used in various fields of human life, one of them is in the industrial field. In the field of industrial mathematics can be used in finding the shortest route in distributing industrial gas. Finding the shortest route was done using Dijkstra's algorithm and developing the Python programming language. The purpose of this study is to determine the shortest route on industrial gas distribution at PT Tira Austenite Tbk Cikarang using the Python programming language. This type of research is applied research. The results obtained from this study are the Python programming language that can be used to find the shortest route of industrial gas distribution and users only enter the starting point and endpoint data on the program.


The use of microcomputer-based engine controls in passenger cars with spark-ignited engines is discussed. First introduced in domestic cars in 1975, electronic controls quickly changed from analog to microcomputer organization. Systems using this concept are discussed and are currently in production. The systems use the temperature information for cold enrichment, fuel, and spark calculations as a function of block coolant temperature, as well as for radiator fan controls. The transistor is also used for intake air charge measurement. Many other sensors can be useful for engine control, mainly measuring the parameters reviewed in this paper.


Introduction: Among the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients are high concentrations of serum inflammation markers, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on serum systemic inflammation, oxidative stress markers, and lipid profile in hemodialysis patients.


Portugal is a culture grounded in strong traditions and family. Yet, social changes like women returning to the workforce and a decreased national birth rate are impacting the traditional family structure and caregiving environments of children. Female employment has been increasing steadily in Portugal over the last three decades (Galego & Pereira, 2006) and the total fertility rate decreasing from 4.1 to 2.8 (INE, 2006). Furthermore, extended family members, like grandparents, no longer reside close by to their children and grandchildren as in the past, because of a changing labor market. Many of the younger generation are leaving their rural communities to flock to urban areas because of job opportunities, leaving behind older relatives who would have otherwise participated in the daily care of children. Given these social and economic changes, children are spending more time in out-of-home care with non-familial caregivers. Yet, government regulations and guidelines in early care and education (ECCE) and early intervention (EI) are only just emerging; it continues to be a work in progress.


Ergonomics analysis helps to improve workers' safety and the working environment, as well as aiding in the design of tools and equipment for effective production. It plays an important role in time and cost savings, and moreover it improves the quality in product development and production. Furthermore, ergonomics analysis is part of an epidemiological study or safety engineering for the prevention of industrial or musculoskeletal disease. In order to conduct modeling and simulation for ergonomic analysis, creating digital environments and digital human models is essential. However, to create a digital environment, a massive and time-consuming workload is needed for gathering information or the computer-aided design data of equipment, tools, products, and so on, and the location or direction as to where these objects are positioned. Also, when creating a digital human model, it requires expert knowledge, effort and massive time for creating digital humans, postures, detailed moving paths, and time consumed for each posture, which also leads to a massive workload. In this article, an innovative framework, which proposes Product, Process, Plant, and Resource management through the product lifecycle management system for the automation of creating a digital environment, as well as the application of in-line motion capturing technology for automated creations of digital human model are designed; furthermore, the base system for the proposed framework is developed and presented.


PURPOSE: A door impact beam support structure for a vehicle is provided to improve support performance of an impact beam and reinforce collision performance. CONSTITUTION: A door impact beam support structure for a vehicle comprises a connection unit(21), a support unit(22), a mounting unit(23), and a reinforcement unit. The connection unit is located in a horizontal unit(31) of an inner panel of a door and comprises a connection groove(25) on which an impact beam(10) is mounted. The support unit is extended from the connection unit and is formed along a vertical unit(32) of the inner panel of the door. The support unit supports a support structure(20). The mounting unit is formed along both sides of the connection unit and the support unit and mounted on the inner panel of the door. The connection unit and the support unit protrude from the inner panel so that the reinforcement unit reinforces the rigidity.


An economic model is described that helps to understand a firm's economic growth. The supporting theory states that the balance between value added and value distributed to labor is the main key to plan growth. The ratio between those two types of value is the knowledge productivity. This factor needs to increase in order to have competitive growth. The paper describes five modeled situations. In addition, a real case of a macro scenario shows approximately the same conclusion as the model.


Ritanserin, characterized as a long‐acting serotonin‐S2 antagonist and as a pure and selective antagonist of LSD discrimination in rats, was found to be effective in the treatment of anxiety states. In these studies the observation that the patients felt less tired and more energetic with improved mood has led to study the effects of ritanserin 10 mg b.i.d. in dysthymic disorder and chronic schizophrenia, two conditions with a predominant symptomatology of anergy. The results obtained from two separate placebo‐controlled studies showed significant improvement of depressive mood, early insomnia, agitation, and psychic anxiety in the dysthymic group, whereas negative and affective symptoms showed the best improvement in the schizophrenic group under concurrent decrease of extrapyramidal symptomatology. In both diagnostic groups the drug treatment was very well tolerated. Based on the results that ritanserin showed predominant improvement of anergy and depressed mood, the drug was ascribed thymosthenic properties, which are further supported by the specific property of ritanserin to increase human slow wave sleep.


In 2001, new worm-type viruses called Code Red II and Nimda caused serious damage to business and home computing environments all over the world. After seeing the damage caused by these viruses, NEC realized that traditional management systems manually operated by individual departments are no longer sufficient for protecting the NEC Intranet from the threat of these and other viruses. In this paper, we examine the threats posed by new viruses and the technologies/systems that can be used to eliminate the possibility of damage from such viruses.


The present invention relates to a pickup device having a support unit and the support unit, the support unit according to the present invention is provided comprising: a protective film was attached with the job; a driving portion of the main body; provided in the support body attached to the said support portion of said protective film on the work structure; multi-stage separator according to the driving of the driving unit sequentially from the pressing surface of said support plate projecting portion of said protective film from said separating the protective film deposition operation thereof. Accordingly, damage of a job can be prevented and the separation can be quickly and stably pickup and various operations thereof.


An off-line plate profile gauge and a using method thereof belong to the field of metal material processing detection. The off-line plate profile gauge comprises a metering frame body, a precise moving track, a roller mechanism, a track slide frame, an upper sensor, a lower sensor, a lower sensor set screw, an upper sensor set screw, a metering arm, a connecting screw, a sampling mechanism, a track set screw and a set screw. The off-line plate profile gauge using method includes steps of vertically disposing the upper sensor and the lower sensor on the same axis of two thick surfaces of a to-be-metered steel plate, moving the two sensors along a direction parallel to the surface of the steel plate, automatically acquiring signals through sum-difference compensating measurement, and finally storing the metered results after performing a series processes on the signals. The off-line plate profile gauge and the using method thereof have the advantages of realizing fast, accurate, high-efficient off-line measuring of geometric parameters such as thicknesses, local high spot, profile, wedge and the like of cold-rolled sheet incoming material/finished products, and providing support to improving size precision of sheet products and optimizing control process in the production field.


Wear resistant and corrosion resistant surfaces are important for medical implants. Wear resistance is especially important for articulating surfaces in load bearing applications such as total hip and total knee replacements. Metal-on- polyethylene bearings result in relative large volumetric wear, ceramics such as alumina have an excellent wear resistance but are brittle, metal-on-metal bearings have good wear resistance, but release nanometric debris and ions that may cause allergy or have toxic effects. Hard ceramic coatings on metal substrates may be a good solution: low wear and low ion release and ductile metal alloy interior—no danger of brittle fracture and easy shaping. Ti alloys such as for example Ti–6Al–4 have the best combination of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but have very poor wear resistance, Co–Cr–Mo have good wear resistance, but may cause allergy. TiN hard coatings deposited on Ti alloys by PVD have relatively poor adhesion to the substrate as a result limited durability. Hard coatings formed on the surface of Ti alloys, Zr as well as CoCrMo alloys by reactive diffusion have good adhesion to the substrate as a result of gradual change of composition and gradual change of hardness. Reactive diffusion coatings obtained employing developed Powder Immersion Reaction Assisted Coating (PIRAC) on articulating surfaces of Ti alloys and CoCrMo show excellent adhesion to the substrate. Total hip implants show good performance in wear simulator tests as well as in vivo tests in canine and rat models. The thickness of reactive diffusion coatings is proportional to square root from time. It is shown that that thicker TiN coatings can be obtained via 3 stage PIRAC process: nitriding followed by tiatanization and additional PIRAC nitriding. Similar approach in two stages—titanizaton followed by nitriding can be employed for processing on TiN based coatings on CoCrMo alloy. Duplex TiN coatin–TiN PIRAC coating followed by TiN plasma assisted PVD (PAPVD) results in thick coatings with excellent adhesion to the substrate. PIRAC titanization followed by was successfully used for conversion of Ni foam to NiTi Nitinol foam and formation of TiN coating on the surface of Nitinol foam, resulting in 10 fold decrease of Ni ions release into physiological solution. PIRAC nitriding was successfully used also for nitriding of TiNb alloys, Zr and Zr–2.5 Nb alloy. Two stage coating by wear resistant TiN based layer can be applied to steels, BCC metals such as Mo and W and Ni based superalloys.Wear resistant and corrosion resistant surfaces are important for medical implants. Wear resistance is especially important for articulating surfaces in load bearing applications such as total hip and total knee replacements. Metal-on- polyethylene bearings result in relative large volumetric wear, ceramics such as alumina have an excellent wear resistance but are brittle, metal-on-metal bearings have good wear resistance, but release nanometric debris and ions that may cause allergy or have toxic effects. Hard ceramic coatings on metal substrates may be a good solution: low wear and low ion release and ductile metal alloy interior—no danger of brittle fracture and easy shaping. Ti alloys such as for example Ti–6Al–4 have the best combination of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but have very poor wear resistance, Co–Cr–Mo have good wear resistance, but may cause allergy. TiN hard coatings deposited on Ti alloys by PVD have relatively poor adhesion to the substrate as a result limited durability...


Nano silica spheres are synthesized by the TEOS hydrolysis method. The XRD pattern shows that the samples' strongest peaks are significantly broadened. Series samples are all silica single phase. From the photos of TEM we can see that the samples' surfaces have a good dispersion and spherical morphology. The Hela cell proliferating activity is assessed by MTT assay. The cell's morphology and Annexin Hoechst 33342 staining are employed to determine apoptosis in Hela cells. Result shows that cytocompatibility becomes better with the lower concentrations of sample. 24h and 48h cells stained photograph shows that in the concentrations of nano silica 50μg·ml-1, the cell structure is normal and nucleus is complete.


The purpose of this paper is to determine how companies in the South-East European countries responded to the crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic and work from home challenges, and what could be done in the future to overcome obstacles of working remotely. Forced by the pandemic to change the working style, companies needed to find the best possible solutions to ensure a sufficient level of working activities. Since such a challenge was faced for the first time in modern human history, not many companies were prepared for it. A quantitative approach was taken, using an online survey for the research. The findings are discussed and presented with reference to the relevant theories. The study reveals and points out the main concerns and problems related to working separately from the rest of the organization. The study analyzes how certain factors of working remotely such as lack of traditional leadership, physical workspace, isolation, etc. affected the life and work of employees during the crisis. The study is novel as these were the circumstances we had not faced before. The paper contributes to a better understanding of all of the aspects of teleworking, with an emphasis on social isolation and working under lockdown.


A method for remote maintenance, monitoring and operation of grouped into fixed emergency equipment (1) such as motorway emergency call systems, clustered emergency terminals (2), in particular for display and transmission of alarm messages from a composite of several in freeway emergency call systems grouped emergency call devices, wherein the operating states of individual emergency telephones ( are recognized 1) and individual emergency terminal (2) via at least one communications link (4, 5) on the part of an input and output device (3, 3 ') and displayed in predetermined views of information by means of generated from the operating conditions of display elements in an operating and observation field wherein the following views of information be displayed, and in a first viewing at least a state of emergency call system or an emergency call terminal and in a second view, a Notrufanlagen- or emergency device management and in a third view of a maintenance operation and in egg ner fourth view in a database and a fifth view of an access authorization, and in a sixth view of a representative operation and machined in a seventh view alarm messages.


Drawing on linguistic research on the translation of Hebrew verb forms, the present article endeavors to shed light on the manner in which nineteenth and early-twentieth century grammarians formulated the questions that underpinned their study of the Hebrew verbal system. One of the central problems that European scholars grappled with from the very outset of modern research into the Hebrew verbal system was that the verb forms, especially קטל and יקטל, can be and often are rendered into European target languages in multiple ways. For example, a survey of English translations demonstrates that a single Hebrew verb form, such as קטל, is likely to merit a wide array of translations—as the simple future, present, simple past, present perfect, and past perfect—in the different versions.


This paper presents a new method to suppress the power/ground (P/G) plane noise commonly encountered in high-speed digital and mixed-signal systems. This method is based on modifying the conventional power/ground cavity model by utilizing the inhomogeneous medium in the power/ground structure. The usage of this inhomogeneous medium leads to the appearance of the nonconstant-coefficient first-order derivative terms of the model equation. These terms allow us to control and to change the geometrical property of the model solution if the coefficients are properly selected. We will show that by adjusting the parameters of the coefficient functions, the resonance of the structure can be completely eliminated. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation for the power/ground plane structure demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.


We propose a class of nanocavities by combining nanowires and photonic crystal waveguides. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain techniques have been used to study the structures, and the simulation results show it is easy to achieve nanocavities with mode volumes less than 2(lambda/n)3 and Q values over 106 .


Three-dimensional integration with through silicon vias offers a promising solution for future technology nodes. However, the heat accumulation and thermal strain may seriously affect performance, leakage, and reliability of circuits. The cross-plane thermal transport, generation, and propagation of coherent acoustic-phonon wave in thin Pt film-glass substrate have been comprehensively studied by applying the picosecond laser pump–probe method with different configurations. Significantly different time-dependent reflectance signals have been obtained in different configurations and an effect superposition model is proposed to account for cross plane thermal transport inducing ipsi- and contralateral temperature change in thin Pt film, propagation of coherent acoustic-phonon wave in thin Pt film and in glass substrate. The corresponding theoretical predictions match well with the experimental data in the whole delay time range.


This paper introduces a theoretical framework for Learning Collaborative Networked Organisations (L-CNOs). It merges both Organisational Learning (OL) and Knowledge Management (KM) paradigms to support the main elements presented as part of the framework. An overview about both paradigms is presented. An introduction to the CNO discipline and the importance of learning and knowledge in the CNO context are provided. The rationale behind the proposal is that CNOs still lack research on and work for enhancing the long-term knowledge production associated with their usage. Throughout the proposed framework, the corporate knowledge (tacit, explicit and potential knowledge) can be retained, organised, shared and reused to the benefit of individuals, the entire CNO and its respective members via organisational, technological and human elements. Evaluation procedures, some conclusions and further steps of this research are also presented.


Plasma arc welding(PAW) technology is a proven process that has already been adopted by other industrial fields and recently has been considered to join the tank structure of LNG carrier. The purpose of this study is to introduce PAW process for the root welding of stainless steel pipes instead of TIG welding. There are distinctive features of the PAW compared to TIG welding; higher energy density that can increase welding speed by more than twofold, and longer arc length that can be controlled to trace seam line easily because of allowable gap between workpiece and torch. However, PAW process is also very sensitive to the root gap and misalignment due to the characteristics of long and narrow arc shape. So, we have done various experiments to establish the allowable fit-up condition by changing welding parameters including arc length, with or without filler metal, groove shape, and obtained satisfactory results.


The operation and control of active distribution network need distribution automation(DA) IEDs to support the function of interoperation.At present,DA is not covered by IEC 61850 standard.For achieve the interoperation and plug-and-play of IEDs,it is needed to meet the communications requirement of the distribution automation interoperation.And the issue of the application of IEC 61850 for DA is studied,which includes data model,communication service mapping,feeder topology,fast transmission of real-time control information and engineering configuration method of IEDs.In order to achieve the interoperation and plug-and-play of IEDs,the fast transmission and of real-time control information,engineering configuration method need to be extended and completed according to the characteristics of distribution automation systems.


An answer to the problem of developing economies is the promotion of systematic and scientific industrialisation programme which has the potentiality to minimise the existing socio-econo mic problems. disparities in living standards and regional imbalances In this context small scale industry (SSI) can play a significant role in curing the several ills of the economy with its characteristics such as employment potential non-capital-intensive nature and suitability to dispersal. 3SI units could employ even the semi-skilled and un-skilled persons fruitfully. Further this sector requires comparatively less capital and simpler technology than large scale industries. Besides. expansion of SSI sctor ens res a wider distribution of industries. Hence, in the process of industrial development SSI sector is best suited to labour surplus economies like India.


Objective: To discuss the correlation between heart failure patients with coronary heart disease water retention syndrome and ultrasound indicators. Methods: 357 cases of coronary heart failure patients of water retention syndrome were collected as independent variables and ultrasound index as the dependent variable for the binary Logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with non- water retention syndrome,LA and LVIDs of water retention syndrome were increased significantly and FS and EF were significantly lower,and the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). With echocardiography 20 indicators as independent variables and water retention syndrome as the dependent variable,the binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results suggested CO into the regression equation( P 0. 05). The regression coefficient of CO was 2. 864 for water retention syndrome and echocardiographic indices regression analysis of patients with water retention syndrome( P 0. 05),OR = 17. 525. The coronary heart failure has high incidence of water retention syndrome. Conclusion: The coronary heart failure patients' water retention syndrome and echocardiography have some relevance.


One of the challenging tasks in the application of compressed sensing to magnetic resonance imaging is the reconstruction algorithm that can faithfully recover the MR image from randomly undersampled k‐space data. The nonlinear recovery algorithms based on iterative shrinkage start with a single initial guess and use soft‐thresholding to recover the original MR image from the partial Fourier data. This article presents a novel method based on projection onto convex set (POCS) algorithm but it takes two images and then randomly combines them at each iteration to estimate the original MR image. The performance of the proposed method is validated using the original data taken from the MRI scanner at St. Mary's Hospital, London. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reconstruct the original MR image from variable density undersampling scheme in less number of iterations and exhibits better performance in terms of improved signal‐to‐noise ratio, artifact power, and correlation as compared to the reconstruction through low‐resolution and POCS algorithms. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 203–207, 2014


We present detailed measurements of the longitudinal resistivity rho(xx)(T,H) and the upper critical field H(c2) of NdFeAsO(0.7)F(0.3) single crystals in strong dc and pulsed magnetic fields up to 45 and 60 T, respectively. We found that the field scale of H(c2) is comparable to H(c2)similar to 100 T of high-T(c) cuprates. H(c2)(T) parallel to the c axis exhibits a pronounced upward curvature similar to what was extracted from earlier measurements on polycrystalline LaFeAs(O,F), NdFeAs(O,F), and SmFeAs(O,F) samples. Thus, this behavior of H(c2)(perpendicular to)(T) is indeed an intrinsic feature of oxypnictides rather than manifestation of vortex lattice melting or granularity. The orientational dependence of H(c2)(theta) as a function of the angle theta between H and the c axis shows deviations from the one-band Ginzburg-Landau scaling. The mass anisotropy parameter gamma(T)=(m(c)/m(ab))(1/2)=H(c2)(parallel to)/H(c2)(perpendicular to) obtained from these measurements decreases as temperature decreases from gamma similar or equal to 9.2 at 44 K to gamma similar or equal to 5 at 34 K, where parallel to and perpendicular to correspond to H parallel and perpendicular to the ab planes, respectively. Spin-dependent magnetoresistance and nonlinearities in the Hall coefficient suggest contribution to the conductivity from electron-electron interactions modified by disorder reminiscent of that in diluted magnetic semiconductors. The Ohmic resistivity rho(xx)(T,H) measured below T(c) but above the irreversibility field exhibits a clear Arrhenius thermally-activated behavior rho=rho(0) exp[-E(a)(T,H)/T] over 4-5 decades of rho(xx). The activation energy E(a)(T,H) has very different field dependencies for H parallel to ab and H perpendicular to ab varying from 4x10(3) K at H=0.2 T to similar to 200 K at H=35 T. We discuss to what extent different pairing scenarios suggested in the literature can manifest themselves in the observed behavior of H(c2), using the two-band model of superconductivity in oxypnictides. The results indicate the importance of paramagnetic effects on H(c2)(T) in oxypnictides, which may significantly reduce H(c2)(0) as compared to H(c2)(0)similar to 200-300 T based on extrapolations of H(c2)(T) near T(c) down to low temperatures.


This paper rigorously justifies the approximation of aggregate imitational behavior in large populations by the deterministic dynamics given by Bjonerstedt and Weibull. We first clarify what models fit their formulation, in which the stochastic dynamics depends only on the average frequencies of strategies in populations. Then we show that the stochastic process of each individual's behavior converges to a common McKean process and the average frequencies come to represent the deterministic dynamics of Bjonerstedt and Weibull when the number of individuals goes to infinity. Another derivation of replicator dynamics is also given by application to specific models of imitational behavior.


Information centric networks(ICN) architecture is an architecture for the future use of the Internet, it provides a more secure, efficient and scalable service. Naming data network(NDN) is one of several concrete implementations of ICN. Routing and forwarding mechanism is the core of NDN. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance of several forwarding strategies of NDN through different indicators, such as network delay, packet hit distance, and the number of packet retransmissions. A ns-3 based NDN simulator, namely ndn SIM simulator was used to evaluate the performance of considered algorithms. Simulation results show that there is not a single best strategy, every strategy has its pros and cons, and which is severely affected by the network environment. In turn, the strategies affect the effectiveness of the distributed caching mechanisms typically used in the NDN architecture. In the end, we summarize the network situation that suitable for each forwarding strategy.


There are collective experiences that escape verbal articulation; how do you address these as a participant observer? As an anthropologist and dj in electronic dance music scenes (hereafter edm) I found myself entangled in a contradictory web of closeness and distance to the people I studied. Fieldwork conversations prove especially difficult when grappling with a dynamic central to edm; something djs refer to as 'the vibe' and the 'energy'. It's a spiritual communication between crowd and dj mediated through bodies, sound and technology. As a participant in edm you 'know' this phenomenon at a very palapable but ineffable level. As an active dj, as well as an anthropologist, I am struggling to communicate such fundamental passions. Luckily, I came across a book that bravely confronts such spaces between experience and communication in edm: Rave Culture and Religion edited by Graham St John (2004). This book has become a unique source of inspiration for me as it begins to identify some of the fundamental tensions in the emerging study of edm by positioning these scenes within processes of globalization and stratification. Here authors dare to raise difficult issues from their own experiences and bring a serious and nuanced focus to a difficult field that is usually dismissed and belittled. This anthology raises age-old anthropological questions about critical and analytical distance in participant observation. The experience of reading this book calls for a travelogue of the specific cognitive, spiritual and political spaces and dilemmas that surface in edm. The closer you get to these spaces the more you see yet the less tangible they become. As Douglas Rushkoff states in the foreword; 'you try going to a rave as a spectator and see what happens' (p. xiii). There is one classic anthropological theme that addresses collective experiences beyond social structures and categories; Victor Turner's concept


Several recent destination crises have brought difficult challenges to the world's travel, hospitality, and tourism activities. We explore how the brand image of a tourist destination is influenced by health crises, specifically within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted interviews and online data collection in China. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to develop, purify, and verify scale items that measure perceived destination brand image, destination brand self-congruence, destination brand engagement, destination brand love, and perceived risk of destination health crisis. We identified key associations among the constructs of the study. This study offers a tested and validated destination brand image and tourist behavior (DBITB) scale to understand tourist behavior toward destination brands during and after health crises. Important theoretical and practical implications are discussed to inform future research on destination branding.


One of the key targets of the EU's 2020 Strategy is to substantially reduce the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The EU seeks to reduce poverty by lifting at least 20 million people out of the risk of poverty or social exclusion by 2020. The monitoring of progress towards this target is based on the headline indicator AROPE – people at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The indicator applies to people either at risk of poverty or severely materially deprived or living in a household with a very low work intensity. This article focuses on material deprivation, one of the three components monitored to evaluate the social situation in the EU. The article deals with material deprivation and severe material deprivation in Slovak and Polish households. The two main goals of this article are to examine which factors have a significant effect on material deprivation and to determine the influence of those relevant factors on material deprivation of Slovak and Polish households. The article provides a comparative analysis of the material deprivation of Slovak and Polish households. We used microdata from EU SILC 2012 from Poland and Slovakia and association analysis including logistic regression. These statistical methods were applied using SAS Enterprise Guide.


A self-saturated absorption regime is proposed to theoretically investigate the optical bistability of Tm,Ho:YLF laser. Based on this bistability regime, the rate equation model of the optical bistability is established. The optical bistability behaviors of Tm,Ho:YLF laser are obtained by numerical simulating. The relation between laser gain and loss are also analyzed to confirm the rationality of the bistability mechanism. Furthermore, the time characters of the optical bistability are investigated. It is found that the high pulse power and the duration of the pre-pump are two major factors that affect the laser turn-on delay time and their influences on the turn-on delay are analyzed.


A shift in focus from the hazard agents to the vulnerability factors would be more productive in addressing the problem of residential fire fatalities. The role of social and behavioural factors and attending to human dimension of the problem are highlighted.


Productivity Elderly elderly is still capable of doing the job or activity that can make money, goods or services. The purpose of the study was to describe the productivity of the elderly in the Village Puntodewo Karangwerda Kepanjenkidul Blitar District of Responsibility. Method: Research design was  descriptive design. The population in this study is all elderly in Karangwerda Puntodewo Kelruhan Kepanjenkidul Blitar District of Responsibility. Research samples was 55 elderly. Data collection was conducted by questionnaire at May 22 nd until May 31 th , 2014.. Result: The Results showed that from 55 elderly, 29,1%work and 10,9% elderly does not work. Agriculture and trade become the foundation of elderly workers. The average of  salary received by elderly month work at Rp 552 181, -. Income derived mostly from the elderly to use the money for everyday needs such as eating, drinking, capital of the store, working the fields, giving pocket for grandchildren as much as 67% . While seniors who use the money for the benefit of such family and save for medical expenses at any time if the pain was 33% .


One of the effective special tools used to achieve the least risk and sustainable income of investment in enterprises is the investment portfolio. At the same time, one of the simplest and most effective strategies to minimize investor risk is its diversification.The article presents the results of the performed strategic financial analysis of the effectiveness of diversification of the formed sectoral investment portfolio using the example of large enterprises of the metallurgical industry. The choice of industry was determined by the fact that metallurgy is one of the fastest growing industries in the world economy.The article analyzes the strategic development trends of the metallurgical industry and considers the three largest companies in this industry ("MMK", "Severstal", "NLMK"). Their activity was analyzed in dynamics based on financial reporting data presented on company websites.Comparative analysis was carried out on such indicators of financial analysis as current liquidity ratios, equity and financial leverage concentration ratios, as well as interest-to-payment ratios, turnover of reserves and funds in turnover, profitability of the companies under consideration.In the resulting formation of the investment portfolio, correlation coefficients between the returns of the shares of these companies were calculated. It was established that the financial situation, as well as the low correlation coefficient between the assets of the reviewed companies, allow us to form from their shares an industry investment portfolio that minimizes the risks of a potential investor.


A while preventing a displacement of the absorbent member, providing a cover member that can hardly remains urine on the surface. A cover member 1 of the absorbent member 5 covering a portion of the disposed pet excrement outside edge of the resorbable sheet-like absorbent member 5 the absorbent member 5, the absorbent member 5 and has a predetermined width W in a direction crossing the direction along the outer edge of the inclined portion 11 of inclined downward toward the inside from the outside of the width to the top surface direction is formed. Width W of the cover member 1 is 30Mm~250mm, the maximum height is at 100mm or less, it is longer than the length in the height direction length in the width direction. .FIELD 1


Cardiac hemangiomas as a primary heart tumor are extremely rare. We
present a clinical case of a 54-year-old woman with atypical thoracic
and abdominal discomfort and cavernous hemangiomas of the right atrium
and the liver.


AES Rijndael algorithm is a modern cryptographic algorithm published by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) in 2001 using block cipher mode and using symmetric keys. AES Rijndael as a substitute for DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm whose use began in 1977 and has ended. The length of the block cipher used is 128 bits and variations in key length are 128 bits, 192 bits and 256 bits. AES Rijndael's algorithm has a reliability that is the simplicity of the bytes transformation process so that it can streamline encryption and decryption, and has high security. Implementation of the AES Rijndael algorithm will be done on Android devices to secure digital files, which can be used for all types of file types. The parameters used in the analysis are testing of the encryption and decryption processing time, changes in size and bits of the encrypted and decrypted files, then proving the strength of the key length against the robustness of the AES Rijndael algorithm as a symmetric algorithm.


The shape of a distribution center, as well as whether dock locations are on one side or two sides of the facility, impacts measures like travel distances and the number of dock locations that may be utilized. Thus, for a required number of pallet locations, there are multiple combinations of distribution center shape and dock configurations that should be evaluated against multiple measures. We have developed a practical model for making such evaluations and illustrate the model with data reflective of a partner in the Center for Engineering Logistics and Distribution.


Born of settlements surrounding the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Florida RESTORE Act Centers of Excellence Program (FLRACEP) is charged with administering approximately $26 million in research grants for Florida over a period of more than 15 years. Centers of Excellence are selected through a competitive, peer-reviewed process which has thus far awarded $4.3 million in grants to 10 Florida researchers investigating different elements of marine fish and wildlife research and long-term fisheries monitoring. The initial 11 FLRACEP research grants produced 48 submitted or planned papers, and supported 63 students. While these outputs are significant, the FLRACEP Centers of Excellence are tackling important issues in coastal and marine research, resource management, and community resilience. The FLRACEP management team and program staff work to ensure effective program administration and research that is responsive to the needs of the state within the eligible RESTORE Act disciplines. While the program has encountered challenges in its early years, focus remains on the opportunity this funding represents.


Immersive technologies such as Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality (AR/VR/MR) in education have been found to be effective both for the instructors and the students, in general education, in diverse levels and fields. The aim of this paper is to carry out a systematic literature review on the use of AR/VR/MR in education. The objective is to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing research on the use of AR/VR/MR, and to see whether its implementation in teaching has any impact on students' learning outcomes. As such, this can also be used to inform future research, policy, or practice. In this study, during the data collection process, we selected 142 articles. After several screening process, a total of 58 papers were retained. Findings have revealed that motivation, self-study, satisfaction, retention of memory and overall performance amongst others, have been some of the benefits of AR/VR/MR in teaching and learning. Lack of resources, poorly designed user interface and lessons plans, high cost of apps development and maintenance, along with cybersickness and reticence from some teachers due to lack of training, are perceived as common barriers in the implementation of this emerging yet useful technology in education. Future investigation can be directed towards these challenges.


This study was performed to know the influence of high temperature on the flowering and setting of pods in kidney bean. The varieties tested were Kurozuru and Kisasage. 1. The temperature had a strong influence on the setting of pods and ripenning of seeds in kidney bean. The correlation coefficient of set percentage and temperature at 10 a. m. were as follows:- runner type γ=-0.699 P<0.001 dwarf type γ=-0, 739 P<0.001 2. There were three stages of flower abscission in runner type, i. e., early stage, middle stage, and late stage. 3. It was expected that the flower abscission of early stage was due to shortage of nutrient by spending to plant development. 4. Flower abscission of middle stage would be owing to competition of nutrient among flowers. 5. Flower abscission of the late stage was consi-dered to be due to the decline of plant and the influence of high temperature.


Embodiment of the present invention provides a method and a power saving types of site device. The method comprises: STA receiving NDPA frame, STA AID of the STA acquires domain information NDPA frame; STA AID of the STA itself is compared with the acquired AID of the STA determines whether its own STA AID of the same STA AID of the acquired; When the STA is determined an own STA AID and acquired the same STA AID, allowed to enter the sleep state. Embodiment of the present invention can reduce power consumption during the TXOP, saving resources.


A feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of dietary phoshporus (P) for sex-reversed red tilapia in glass aquaria (50x100x47cm). Six practical diets were formulated to contain graded levels (0.58, 0.66, 0.72, 0.75 and 0.82%) of available P from all-plant raw ingredients and dicalcium phosphate (DCP). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish, and each group was stocked with 20 fish (initial body weight, 25.16g � 0.13). Fish were fed twice daily (08:00 and 16:00) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Average body weight and weight gain significantly increased with increasing available P (P<0.05). The whole body composition analysis showed that lipid and protein as well as P contents in whole body, vertebrae ash and vertebrae p, were significantly affected by available P (P<0.05). The blood biochemistry analysis showed that serum P and serum alkaline phosphatase activity increased with the increase of dietary available P levels (P<0.05). Data for weight gain, FCR, whole body P, vertebrae ash, vertebrae P, muscle protein, muscle fat and visceral fat were subjected to regression analysis to determine effects of the dietary levels of available P on these responses. Employing quadratic non-linear regression model of the relationship between available dietary P and P in vertebrae and whole body to study the P requirement, it was found that available dietary P requirement for sex-reversed red tilapia from the current study were of 0.76 and 0.79%, respectively. Increasing the dietary available P to higher concentration appears to reduce muscle fat while muscle protein increases.


A trial of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in India, halted by the Indian Government in 2010, ran into fresh controversy with the publication of a study suggesting that the trial should not have been started in the fi rst place. The HPV vaccine trial of more than 23 000 girls from Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, run by the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), an international charity, was suspended by the Indian Government after reports of deaths of four girls in the trial and subsequent emergence of alleged ethical violations in the nature and conduct of the trial. The new study by researchers in the UK suggests that available scientifi c data on cervical cancer incidence and HPV type did not even justify starting the trial, which involved the rolling out of vaccines against HPV in the general population. Study investigator Allyson Pollock (Queen Mary University of London, London, UK), says that, "One would not start with a trial of safety and feasibility unless the evidence is secure and the surveillance systems are in place. Our study shows the woeful neglect of public health science both in terms of ensuring the vaccine is eff ective, that the public health data are compelling and there are good surveillance systems". However, Vivien Davis Tsu, (PATH, Seattle, WA, USA) claims that "PATH never called for 'the general rollout of a HPV vaccination programme either in India or in the two states' where the research was done. Our goal always was to generate evidence on which strategies for delivering the vaccines were feasible, acceptable, and aff ordable, should the Indian Government decide one day that such a service belonged in their cervical cancer control programme."


A Study was conducted to evaluated the quality characteristics of cowpea varieties both gram and dhal packed in glass bottles and in polyethylene bags with and without vacuum. The physical characteristics like length, breadth, thickness, bulk density and 100 grain weight was studied. The moisture content reduced gradually during storage for both whole gram and dhal packed in different packaging materials. The highest protein content was found in variety p152, (24.85) and lowest in variet vcp 8. The protein was found higher in the cowpea dhal samples than the whole gram. During storage as light change in the protein content was found in all the varies and in all treatments. The amino acids lysine and methionine content had slightly reduced during storage in both whole gram and dhal cowpea sample. The reducing sugar showed an increasing trend in all varieties during storage. After 180 days of storage the variety co 4 stored in polyethylene bag with vacuum had maximum reducing sugar for whole gram and the variety vcp8 stored in glass bottle had maximum reducing sugar content for dhal. The total sugar content for dhal reduced during storage. Whole gram cowpea samples had slightly higher total sugar content than the dhal samples. The reducing sugar showed an increasing trend in all varieties during storage. After 180 days of storage the variety co4 stored in polyethylene bag with vacuum had maximum reducing sugar for whole gram and the variety vcp8 stored in glass bottle had maximum reducing sugar content for dhal. The total sugar content for dhal reduced during storage. Whole gram cowpea samples had slightly higher total sugar content than the dhal sample.


The stress‐relaxed collagen matrix is a simple yet appropriate experimental model to study the myofibroblast of wound healing and pathological contractures, because cells are able to generate forces necessary to stimulate myofibroblast differentiation. Although the model has been used for a number of years its tensile properties have not been fully characterized. Our goal was to demonstrate tension maturation on a daily basis, determine the maximum tension generated by an individual cell culture, and determine what problems are associated with long‐term culture. Human and rat fibroblasts were cultured within type‐1 collagen matrices; we indirectly quantified tension by measuring the contraction of the matrix after release from the dish at various times after setup. We plotted a line graph of time versus area. We observed a characteristic curve composed of two slopes, one due to stress fiber‐related contraction and a subsequent slope related to tractional‐force diameter reduction. Over time the ratio of contraction versus tractional force increased to a maximum; at a designated time beyond the maximum, the ratio decreased, suggesting a reduction of tension related to failure of the matrix. The failure may have been caused by attachment slippage or migration of cells out of the matrix. The contraction/tractional force ratio can be used to determine the tension maturity within a given experiment. Investigators using this model will likely need to determine whether this matrix can support the cell's maximum tension generation before mounting a large‐scale study.


In Entre dos Americas, Guillermina Walas explores the importance of memory for Latina authors. These authors are displaced from their familiar roots in Latin America and the Hispanic Caribbean, and find themselves immersed in their actual individual lives in the United States. These women construct or re-build a new Latina identity based on memory and the past, but also project to a future located in the Anglo-American context. The resulting identity is complex, riddled with cultural conflict that often involves class and gender. Walas analyzes many texts including, Silent Dancing: A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood (1990) and When I was Puerto Rican (1993) by Judith Ortiz Cofer and Esmerelda Santiago, Dreaming in Cuban (1992) by Cristina Garcia, and How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents (1991) by Julia Alvarez. (TEXT IN SPANISH)


The paper analyzed the voltage hysteresis with differentiation elements,and pointed out that the PWM converter with differentiation hysteresis controls can be used as the ideal voltage source. According to the two different kinds of voltage compensation,dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and series active power factors (SAPF),the paper presents general and improved voltage detection methods based on Park transformation. Simulations of SAPF and DVR control show that the voltage hysteresis control with differentiation element has merits of simple control and high tracking accuracy.


On March 17, 2010, the United States Federal Communications Commission identified broadband as "the great infrastructure challenge of the early twenty-first century." One month earlier, on February 10, 2010, in anticipation of the FCC's announcement, Google announced its intent to build ultra-high-speed broadband networks across the United States to serve as a model for overcoming this challenge. Since then, Google Fiber, as it is called, has succeeded in being recognized as a model for other communities interested in establishing ultra-high-speed broadband infrastructure. This article serves as an analysis of the political economic consequences of this particular configuration of broadband infrastructure, and argues that Google Fiber operates as a mechanism of flexible capital whereby the emphases on short- over long-term relationships, meritocracy over craftsmanship, and the devaluation of past experience in favor of potential outcomes are embedded in the institutional and technical infrastructure of ultra-high-speed Internet.


Nowadays modern medical commercial organizations in Russia carry out a paid reception of the residents for the provision of paid medical services. The demand for such services has increased significantly today due to the heavy workload of state medical institutions. However, today consumers choose the most high-quality services in the medical field, so the economic activity of medical commercial companies directly depends on the extent where specialists can provide patients with an individual approach and high-quality treatment. The purpose of the work is to study the efficiency of a commercial organization based on the analysis of its financial documentation. The author comes to the conclusion that the medical organization "Medicon+" LLC has significantly improved its financial performance during the analyzed period. This indicates that the level of services provided, as well as their demand by the citizens, is constantly growing. The increase in the number of patient visits to specialists of the analyzed clinic is also caused by the increase in the incidence of the population due to the pandemic and the decrease in the capacity of public medical institutions in this regard. However, according to the analysis, it should be concluded that in the future, taking into account the quality of services provided and recognition, the clinic of LLC "Medicon+" will be able to function effectively even after the stabilization of the epidemiological situation in the country and in the world.


Even though the Republic of South Africa has the continent's largest
white population group, in their own country whites are outnumbered by
their black countrymen by about four to one, or 12,465,000 versus 3,481,000. So far South Africa's whites maintain a strong minority government
which enforces strictest segregation or apartheid in the conventional
sense. However, in the face of mounting world hostility, the government of the Republic is presently engaged in a long range program of population redistribution. The hoped for end result is to be a multiracial commonwealth
with 406,734 square miles or 86.3% of the total area as "white
land" and 65,625 square miles or 13.7% as the black people's domain which is to enjoy continued assistance from the white mother government.


The ultrafast dynamics of excess electrons in amorphous ice layers on single-crystal metal surfaces are investigated by femtosecond time- and angle-resolved two-photon-photoemission spectroscopy. Photoexcited electrons are injected from the metal substrate into delocalized states of the conduction band of ice and localize in the ice layer within 100 fs. Subsequently, energetic stabilization of this localized species is observed on a time scale of ∼1 ps, which is attributed to electron solvation by nonadiabatic coupling to nuclear degrees of freedom of the surrounding polar molecular environment. Concomitant with this stabilization process, residual wave function overlap of the solvated electron with the metal substrate results in back-transfer by tunneling through the solvation shell. At such interfaces the correlation of electronic and molecular structure with the resulting solvation dynamics can be explored using different substrates as a template. Here we compare data on molecularly thin D 2 O ice layers grown on Cu( 111) and Ru(001). On Ru(001) both the stabilization and back-transfer proceed about three times faster compared to Cu( 111), which is attributed to different interfacial structures and the role of d-states, and projected band gaps in the electron transfer process.


This paper presents a technique that is capable of supporting two major requirements for concurrency control in real-time databases; data temporal consistency, and data logical consistency, as well as tradeoffs between these requirements. Our technique is based upon a real-time object-oriented database model in which each object has its own unique compatibility function that expresses the conditional compatibility of any two potential concurrent operations on the object. The conditions use the semantics of the object, such as allowable imprecision, along with current system state, such as time and the active operations on the object. Our concurrency control technique enforces that allowable concurrency expressed by the compatibility function by using semantic locking controlled by each individual object. The real-time object-oriented database model and process of evaluating the compatibility function to grant semantic locks are described.<<ETX>>


This report presents the findings and conclusions arising from a team study carried out in June-August 1995 of the potential for development of 'minor industrial crops' in the Southern Africa region. The study focussed on spices, essential oils, gums, resins, natural colourants and castor oil. Information was gathered on markets and production by means of field studies in South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Zambia and was supplemented by examination of trade statistics and discussions with overseas traders. Time constraints on the study precluded a thorough investigation of all topics and, therefore, the conclusions reached must be regarded as a first phase overview of the regional market and a preliminary identification of the more promising crops for future development.


The problem of this study was to determine what changes, if any, take place in student teachers' attitudes toward individualization of instruction and any changes in their philosophical beliefs concerning Experimentalism, during, or as a result of the student teaching experience.


ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the world's largest guava (Psidium guajava) producing countries, but the economic performance of this crop can be negatively affected by the damage caused by Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). The main methods for controlling C. capitata are based on broad-spectrum insecticide applications. However, the negative effects of using this control method stimulate the development of sustainable alternatives, such as the use of essential oils (EO). In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the repellent activity of EO of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) for repellency of C. capitata in Paluma guava fruits and determine their effects on postharvest fruit quality, under laboratory-controlled conditions. The fruits were treated with citronella, clove, and copaiba EO and placed in covered plastic containers attached to the ends of arenas of 20 cm diameter and 15 cm height. The fruit physical and chemical analysis was carried out based on the same oils applied in the repellent test. The C. nardus essential oil presented a greater repellency of C. capitata females. The EO applications proved to be a good strategy for maintaining the fruit post-harvest quality.


We investigate the state complexity of languages resulting from the cascade product of two minimal deterministic finite automata with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states, respectively. More precisely we study the magic number problem of the cascade product operation and show what range of complexities can be produced in case the left automaton is unary, that is, has only a singleton letter alphabet. Here we distinguish the cases when the involved automata are reset automata, permutation automata, permutation-reset automata, or do not have any restriction on their structure. It turns out that the picture on the obtained state complexities of the cascade product is diverse, and for all cases, except where the left automaton is a unary permutation(-reset) or a deterministic finite automaton without structural restrictions, and the right one is a reset automaton or a deterministic finite automaton without structural restrictions, we are able to identify state sizes that cannot be reached — these numbers are called "magic."


EPIFAUNAL ASSEMBLAGES ON DEEP-WATER CORALS IN ROATAN, HONDURAS (August, 2012) Katherine Lavelle, B.S., State University of New York at Stony Brook Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Thomas Shirley and Dr. John W. Tunnell, Jr. Deep-water corals provide complex habitat structure for diverse assemblages of invertebrates and fishes. Similar to shallow coral reefs, oyster reefs, and seagrass beds, these complex biogenic structures serve many ecosystem functions: (a) as prey items; (b) sites for reproduction; (c) feeding stations, elevating suspension feeders above the benthos; and (d) refuges from predation. Because deep-sea corals provide some of the only three-dimensional habitats in the deep-sea, they may host distinct assemblages of epifauna. Non-destructive video surveys of deep-water coral assemblages were made to depths of 700 m at eight sites off Roatan, Honduras in May and December, 2011. Abundance, species richness, and distribution of epifauna were measured for 305 corals. We observed sixteen morphospecies of coral and twenty-six morphospecies of epifauna. Coral and epifaunal abundances were highest in the 335-449 m depth zone. Some epifauna had high fidelity for a single coral species or for a few species of similar morphological complexity. Other coral species had overlapping assemblages of habitat generalists. This is the first research on the biodiversity of deep-sea coral communities in Roatan, Honduras, and provides information on the assemblages, their depth distributions and ecological interactions.


In this paper we provide sample size or power estimation formulas for clinical trials that involve clustered samples and intend to use the method of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for data analyses. The general formulas and two special cases, one for continuous and another for binary variables are given. The motivating example of periodontal clinical trial is given for illustration. These formulas should help researchers in designing studies with appropriate sample size and power.


We give a self-contained exposition of some mathematical aspects of the Mueller-Stokes formalism. In the first part we review some basic notions of linear algebra and establish a proper notation. In the second part we introduce the Mueller-Stokes formalism and derive some useful mathematical relation between physical quantities. Finally a useful decomposition theorem is reviewed.


We provide direct experimental evidence for the identical effect of the in-plane Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$ and of the out-of-plane O$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$ chemical dilutions on the itinerant spin-density-wave (SDW) magnetic phase in CeFeAsO. Remarkably, the suppression of SDW is not sensitive at all to the different kinds of disorder introduced in the two cases. Still, it is clearly shown that the sizeable in-plane disorder induced by the Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$ substitution is highly effective in suppressing $T_{\textrm{c}}$. Differently from what is observed in CeFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$, the ordered magnetic phase of the Ce sublattice is preserved throughout the whole phase diagram in CeFe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$AsO ($x \leq 0.2$). An intriguing effect is encountered, whereby the magnetic coupling among Ce$^{3+}$ ions is enhanced by the superconducting phase.


A noun may refer to a man, a woman, an animal, or an inanimate object of varied shape, size, and function, or have abstract reference. Noun categorization devices vary in their expression, and the contexts in which they occur. Large sets of numeral classifiers in South-East Asian languages occur with number words and quantifying expressions. Small highly grammaticalized noun classes and gender systems in Indo-European and African languages, and the languages of the Americas are expressed with agreement markers on adjectives, demonstratives, and also on the noun itself. Further means include noun classifiers, classifiers in possessive constructions, verbal classifiers, and two lesser-known types: locative and deictic classifiers. This introductory chapter offers a general typological background, focusing on issues in noun categorization devices particularly relevant for this volume.


Taking time out of training gives doctors the chance to experience something new but needs careful planning, say Zoe Barber, Charlotte Jones, and Thomas Dobbs


The teaching activities of the colleges and universities in China had gone through the online teaching mode under the background of epidemic disaster of COVID-19 in 2020. The online teaching is categorized as smart teaching in essence. However, the construction and development of online teaching in the smart teaching as well as the participation of learners in it are both of much importance. Therefore, the research on the online teaching strategy does matter to the smart teaching.


This paper proposes an adaptive time-varying approach for the stabilization of a class of perturbed chain of integrators with unknown control coefficient. To drive the trajectories initiating far from the origin, a time-varying feedback with adaptation is used, ensuring that the solutions of the closed loop system reach a prescribed vicinity of the origin within a finite-time, which is upper bounded by a prescribed time instant. Once the prescribed neighborhood is reached, a barrier function-based controller is used guaranteeing ultimate boundedness of the system's solutions despite the presence of perturbations with unknown upper-bound. Numerical simulations on the stabilization problem of a third-order academic example show the effectiveness of the approach.