Manganese–zinc ferrites were obtained through combined coprecipitation and sol–gel autocombustion methods. The effect of the precursor used in the sol–gel autocombustion synthesis on the ferrite's structural and catalytic properties was examined. The ferrite powders were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TG/DTA, and TPR-H2, and their acidic–basic properties were determined using cyclohexanol and the TPD-NH3 test. The ferrite powder obtained from the hydroxide precursor (SC1-OH) has a larger specific surface area (16.41 m2/g), a larger crystallite size (35.6 nm), and a more heterogonous structure, which make it a more active catalyst. This is also achieved because of the existence of both acidic and basic centers on its surface. The ferrite obtained from the oxalate precursor (SC2-C2O4) has smaller (29.6 nm) but more aggregated particles. As a catalyst, it is more selective to dehydrogenation, which is related to its higher reducibility. The SC2-C2O4 sample also exhibits higher selectivity to ketone, and it ...


Leeches (Hirudo nipponica), as a kind of aquatic animal, mainly feed on fresh blood. After feeding, they needed to digest for a long time because the intestinal digestive enzyme content is low, so their digestive needed the help of gut microbiota. Here, we examined intestinal microbiota in captive Hirudo nipponica of different periods after feeding blood with high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that gut microbial diversity was lower before feeding than after. At the level of the core phylum of the gut microbiota of Hirudo nipponica, the focus was on Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. After feeding blood, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased, while the opposite was true for Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The core bacteria at the genus level are Aeromonas and Mucinivorans. The results show that the structure of the gut microbiota and function are closely associated with the blood feeding. The study aimed to lay a theoretical foundation for the blood-digestive mechanism of Hirudo nipponica.


The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors is a heterooligomeric membrane protein composed of homologous subunits. Here, the contribution of the M3-M4 loop of the NR1 subunit to the binding of glutamate and the co-agonist glycine was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Substitution of the phenylalanine residues at positions 735 or 736 of the M3-M4 loop produced a 15- to 30-fold reduction in apparent glycine affinity without affecting the binding of glutamate and the competitive glycine antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid; mutation of both residues caused a >100-fold decrease in glycine affinity. These residues are found in a C-terminal region of the M3-M4 loop that shows significant sequence similarity to bacterial amino acid-binding proteins. Epitope tagging revealed both the N-terminus and the M3-M4 loop to be exposed extracellularly, whereas a C-terminal epitope was localized intracellularly. These results indicate that the M3-M4 loop is part of the ligand-binding pocket of the NR1 subunit and provide the basis for a refined model of the glycine-binding site of the NMDA receptor.


Purpose

To date, the importance of smaller, local community events in the place branding process has been overlooked in the place branding and event studies literature – yet they are recognised as a means of increasing the attractiveness of a place for residents, through building a sense of community and contributing to quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the contribution of community event narratives to place branding.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was adopted. The public narratives of a portfolio of 14 community events (from event websites, press releases and media discourse, local government strategic policy documents) were examined. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted, and a visual framework for analysing and discussing the findings was created.

Findings

Community event narratives provide a useful resource that could be drawn upon by place branding practitioners to reach potential new residents who share similar ideals as local residents. The findings from this study demonstrate that local community event narratives do indeed tell "stories about who we are".

Practical implications

This paper has implications for place branding initiatives seeking to attract new residents, particularly where there is a sense of fear and resistance from residents about "outsiders" moving in.

Originality/value

This paper presents an alternative model to the traditional city branding campaigns that seek to attract new residents, in the form of a values-based event-led branding strategy that may be more appropriate and compatible with local stakeholder goals.


As codebases for software projects get larger, reaching ranges of millions of lines of code, the need for computeraided program comprehension grows. We define one of the tasks of program comprehension to be algorithm recognition: given a piece of source-code from a file, identify the algorithm this code is implementing, such as brute-force or dynamic programming. Most research in this area is making use of pattern matching, which involves much human effort and is of questionable accuracy when the structure and semantics of programs change. Thus, this paper proposes to let go of defined patterns, and make use of simpler features, such as counts of variables and counts of different constructs to recognize algorithms. We then feed these features to a classification algorithm to predict the class or type of algorithm used in this source code. We show through experimental results that our proposed method achieves a good improvement over baseline.


Objective:To Investigate the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation maxillofacialpla sty.Methods :12cases of complications with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for au gmentation maxillofacialplasty we re identified and were given an analyzing study of causes an d a summary of treatments accordingly.Results:12patients suffered from complications as infec-tion,hematoma,nodule formation ,l ocal swelling and complicated high i ntraocular pressure.Satisfactory clinical treatments results have been obtained.Conclusion:Using polyacrylamide hydrogel for a ugmentation maxillofacialplasty,we should master the surgical applic a-tions strictly and standardize operative procedure so to minimize the occurrence of complications.[


Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 5 million Americans. Whether the problem is chronic HF or acute management of patients with episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), HF has proven to be a huge economic burden, with annual direct and indirect health care costs currently exceeding $34.4 billion. Annual incidence rates are continuing to climb, with current statistics revealing 550,000 new cases every year, in addition to significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with multiple rehospitalization. HF patients, even if stable and compliant with their current HF medication regimen, can quickly transition to an acute decompensated state at any time. Prevention of readmissions has become a national priority, and there is a growing fiscal incentive for health care institutions to develop strategies to smooth the transition from hospital to home and to provide more effective ambulatory HF treatment to keep patients out of the hospital. A multidisciplinary approach to management of this patient population has clearly provided an improvement in clinical outcomes. Pharmacists are important members of this multidisciplinary team. This article reviews the current documented role of pharmacists in the care of HF patients and discusses the future evolution of pharmacists' role as the nation continues to develop innovative strategies in managing HF patients.


Exports were 1.7% higher than in 2015 at €254.5 billion and imports 0.4% lower at €273.3 billion (see Figure 1). As a result, the trade deficit fell 22.4% to €18.7 billion, the second lowest figure since 1997. Coupled with a buoyant tourism year (75.3 million visitors and spending of around €77 billion), the better trade figures helped to generate another current-account surplus (estimated at 2% of GDP). From 1990 to 2012, Spain had current-account deficits every year.


Evolvement of thoughts of equity and justice in the present China has gone through three stages: "utterly evenness","first efficiency,then equity","take all factor into consideration".Before the Opening Rerform ,our nation mainly pursued "utterly evenness".At first stage of the Rerform,people thinked "first efficiency,then equity" as justice.Now,the center of Party has put forward the perspective that we should view the individual as principal,and take all factors into consideration.


In the paper it is discussed the causes and effects of inflation in Poland. The paper analyzes inflation in recent years, including changes caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Undoubtedly, the spread of the coronavirus has contributed to the changes in the economy. Inflation is one of the main macroeconomic indicators that reflect the economic situation of a certain country. It occurs when the prices of goods and services in the market increase, so each subsequent year you can buy less for the same amount. Inflation occurs when the price increase is constant and persists over a specific period of time, then the purchasing power decreases (M. Gamrot, 2014). It is not a rule that the overall price index is influenced most by the products that have the greatest price appreciation. The pass-through to the inflation rate also depends on the share of a product's "weight" in conventional household consumption expenditures. CPI inflation in 2021 in Poland is influenced, to the greatest extent, by energy prices causing food prices increase and core economic inflation. The factors forming inflation, are the so-called, inflation expectations significantly influencing consumption or investment decisions. Measures taken in the economic policy, such as a significant loosening of monetary or fiscal policy contributed to the mitigation of the effects of COVID-19.


: This study attempted to analyze the skin recognition shown in news and blogs by conducting frequency analysis through text mining, association analysis, and sentiment analysis to extract positive or negative keywords. In particular, the purpose of this study is to suggest that it can be used as basic data when collecting marketing strategies in the skin industry by identifying what kind of image the public has about skin through emotional analysis of positive and negative. Data analysis was conducted through the Sometrend program, and for data collection, data from January 15, 2023 to February 14, 2023 were used based on blogs and news media among social media. As a result of the analysis, first, the amount of mentions about skin was 3,431 in news and 168,168 in blogs, which were more active in blogs than in news. Second, related word analysis identified effect, condition, product, management, ingredient, and treatment as the top keywords. Third, positive and negative perceptions were higher in news than in blog. This skin recognition analysis study using big data has limitations in that it is difficult to generalize the results because the research was conducted with a focus on specific channels such as news and blogs. Accordingly, in the future, the study will be conducted with a more subdivided sample.


An improved Mean-Shift-based tracking algorithm was proposed to solve the poor tracking ability problem in occlusions. A time-invariant system was used to describe the movement of the target during a short time sequences,and through Kalman filter this system was identified so as to make it have ability estimate the coming states while occlusions taken place. The whole tracking system could divided into two parts: a Kalman parameter identifying system based on the object tracking and a Bhattacharyya coefficient analyzing system based on the Kalman state estimating; in the tracking process those two parts run by turns according to different cases. Experiment results of variant video sequences demonstrate that the proposed method can track the objects stably and accurately during occlusions.


Strong light–matter interaction is usually achieved by embedding a gain medium in a high‐quality (Q)‐factor cavity made with thick external mirrors. The high reflectivity of the mirrors poses, therefore, a trade‐off between pump radiation coupling efficiency and high Q‐factor, thus preventing the use of optical cavities in photonic contexts where the photosensitive element necessitates to be readily accessible. Here, this long‐standing problem is overcome by engineering "Pseudo‐Cavity Modes" (PCM) in a Metal/Dielectric Open Cavity (MDOC) system that has been commonly thought to be incapable to show resonances. The MDOC system lets the embedded fluorophore exposed to radiation, opening to strong light/matter interaction. To prove this: i) exciton/PCM strong coupling regime, with 160 meV Rabi splitting, ii) photoluminescence enhancement by more than 7 times, and iii) polarized and angle‐dependent spontaneous emission are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. The proposed system holds great potential envisioning scenarios like cavity‐enhanced photovoltaics, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, open‐cavity lasers, photoluminescence steering and polarization.


The purpose of this research is to find out the Job Description Receiving and how the impact
is given with the receiving staff for the smooth operation of the hotel.
The research was carried out by the author by taking the case at the Sofitel Paris Arc de
Triomphe Hotel for 6 months. In this study using a qualitative descriptive method to collect
and process data in the form of interviews with speakers at the Sofitel Paris Arc de Triomphe.
Based on the results of the study the authors concluded that the Sofitel Paris Arc de
Triomphe Hotel does not apply Job Description Receiving due to the absence of the position
of receiving staff at the Sofitel Paris Arc de Triomphe Hotel, this can be seen when the goods
product arrived at the receiving hotel are each department concerned like the vegetables that
come then the one receiving is the kitchen staff itself. The absence of the position of receiving
staff at the Sofitel Paris Arc de Triomphe Hotel can hamper the operational smoothness of
the hotel which results in late hours of opening time in restaurants, less than the maximum
preparation process in the kitchen, pressure on hotel employees.


This study gathers three different experiences about playing and toyroom, two branches of a master´s degree research of the researchers properly involved and a consequential feature of a project held at a toyroom in a universitary hospital. The aim of this article is to intensify the importance of this place in several social contexts, as a socializing space and a potentializing agent of human abilities.The first experience will show a study achieved with the children's caretakers living in a hospital toyroom. The second experience will show the implantation of a toyroom in a public school, discussing the field political and social aspects, with negative results mainly as a socializing space. And the third experience will show the positive and negative results of the implantation of a toyroom in a cooperative settled by parents, addressed to children of all ages. After the introduction, a brief description about the constitution of the first toyrooms becomes relevant to interact the readers with this article more intensively.


Rivers and floodplains have a long history of human perturbation, and they have been significantly impacted by land use intensification and physical degradation. Consequently, on a global scale, these ecosystems rank among those that have seen the greatest loss of biodiversity (Sala et al., 2000; Vörösmarty et al., 2010). Furthermore, it is also recognized worldwide that declines in biodiversity, and the loss of ecosystem services provision, cannot be haltered by protection alone and this have led to a set of international targets including the UN Aichi Biodiversity Target 15 of restoring at least 15% of degraded ecosystems by 2020 (Convention on Biological Diversity, 2010). Rivers are ecosystems with a long tradition for restoration, and in the past more than 3 decades, a substantial number of projects have been undertaken (Feld et al., 2011; Friberg et al., 2016; Ormerod, 2004; Palmer et al., 2005). The outcomes have been mixed in terms of ecosystem improvements (e.g., Kail, Brabec, Poppe, & Januschke, 2015; Palmer, Menninger, & Bernhardt, 2010; Roni, Hanson, & Beechie, 2008), and many projects have not been sufficiently monitored to extract consistent knowledge on geomorphic and biological responses to restoration (Bash & Ryan, 2002; Bernhardt et al., 2005). We therefore must continue improving our understanding of how different types of restoration interventions influence fluvial landscapes and their biodiversity. Process‐based restoration focussing on function rather than form is still relatively rare, as is incorporating floodplains into more holistic restoration designs (Friberg et al., 2016). Impairment of natural flow variability (Poff et al., 1997), land use changes (e.g., Pinter, 2005), and various management infrastructure (e.g., Opperman et al., 2009) have physically degraded floodplain habitats and hampered dynamic hydrologic interactions with rivers and groundwater. Flood pulses and their variable characteristics are drivers of developing support a spatially and temporally heterogeneous and dynamic mosaic of habitats in both the river and its floodplain (e.g., Poff, 2002; Tockner, Malard, & Ward, 2000), and restoring riverine ecosystem functions depends on understanding the flows that produce natural floodplain inundation patterns (Benke, 2001). Equally important to understand the flow of water is the issue of sediments. Sediment transport and storage is driven by flow velocities, sediment mobility, and existing instream supplies (Wohl et al., 2015), and this has vital implications for both a dynamic development of geomorphic features and the in‐ stream biota (e.g., Friberg et al., 2016; Garcia de Jalon et al., 2017). The aim of this special issue is to look at the potential of different aspects of flow and sediments in restoring rivers and floodplains and the ecological responses (Figure 1). It consists of seven papers that


The mesoporous MCM-41 materials were prepared in short crystallization time (∼40 min) upon microwave irradiation in comparison with conventional hydrothermal heating method. The supramolecular templating mechanism of the MCM-41 formation upon microwave irradiation has been monitored by fluorescence and electron spin resonanace (ESR) spectroscopy. Pyrene as a fluorescence probe and 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecyl)ammonium-2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl piperidinyloxy iodide (CAT16) as a spin probe were respectively dissolved into the myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) surfactant solutions to form the MCM-41 precursor gels. These probes allow to observe the supramolecular interaction between surfactant and silicate species during the MCM-41 formation by monitoring fluorescence and ESR spectra of the probes in the MCM-41 precursor gels. The results elucidate the fast increase of hydrophobicity and microviscosity at the microenvironment of the probes in the micelles during the microwave MCM-41 formation due to the accelerated condensation of silicates onto the micelle surface in comparison with hydrothermal heating method. It seems that the fast formation of MCM-41 upon microwave irradiation is ascribed to the microwave-susceptible head groups of surfactant molecules in addition to fast dissolution of the precursor gel.


In this study, the mathematical modeling of jamming occurrence in fixtures is presented using minimum norm principle. The incorporation of this principle eliminates the indeterminacy in equations and results in a non-linear quadratic optimization problem. By solving the optimization problem, the contact modes are determined and the jamming occurrence is predicted. The presented model provides a dexterous tool for fixture designer to avoid jamming in their locating plans. This method benefits from less computations, more accurate results (in comparison to the previous studies) and eliminates the pre-known initial contact modes requirements. This method can be integrated in the CAFD applications due to the straight forward systematic approach. Also, it assists the fixture designer in the early stages of fixture design practice when there is no sufficient information about contact modes and behavior. The model capabilities in jamming prediction are evaluated by two case studies: peg in hole and block & palm. The verification procedure is performed by comparing the results to the previous studies.


This letter reports on a study of the impact of ⟨110⟩ uniaxial strain on the characteristics of InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) by bending GaAs chips up to a strain level of 0.4%. Systematic changes in the threshold voltage and intrinsic transconductance were observed. These changes can be well predicted by Schrodinger–Poisson simulations of the one-dimensional electrostatics of the device that include the piezoelectric effect, Schottky barrier height change, and sub-band quantization change due to strain. The effect of ⟨110⟩ strain on the device electrostatics emerges as a dominant effect over that of transport in the studied InGaAs HEMTs.


A kind of designing scheme of double PSSR spatial linkages is proposed for the bottom door mechanism of bulk cargo warehouse,the working principle is analyzed,and its mathematical model is established.The three-dimensional geometric model of the mechanism is made based on the I-DEAS software,and kinematics simulation is carried out on the mechanism by using ADAMS to obtain angular displacement,angular velocity and angular acceleration curves of the bottom door.Theoretical analysis and application software show that the rationality of mechanism design and the feasibility of scheme are validated.


Palestine is considered as a unique case, this is due to the circumstances surrounding this warm area. Since the start of the Israeli military occupation in 1967, the Palestinian economy has been operating under a highly artificial and destructive set of circumstances. Israeli occupation, besides destroying and distorting many aspects of civil life for Palestinian under military occupation, created a Palestinian economy totally dependent upon Israel. With the signing of the Oslo peace accord and the Paris protocol the Palestinian economy entered into a new era of economic arrangements. The PA was thus to be involved itself in the task of state building and creating a viable economy in preparation for sovereignty, with assistance from international donors. All parties to the conflict, Palestinian, Israeli, donors and international organizations have used this phrase Then there were severe obstacles to this goal in the Palestinian context. These obstacles, divided into security, economic and political spheres. But what went wrong? what are the main obstacles facing Palestinian economic development? and What is the possible impact of removing some of these obstacles?


This study will discuss the selection of the best handphone stores in Pematangsiantar city. This research was conducted to find out the best handphone shop in Pematangsiantar city according to consumers given to consumers through questionnaires. This study uses the Decision Support System with the Oreste method. The Oreste method is one of the methods of Decision Support Systems that adopts Besson Rank, which is a priority scale approach from each indicator. The data used as alternatives are mobile shop data in Pematangsiantar with a sample of 5 stores with 5 assessment criteria, including Price, Quality on Mobile, Service, Consumer Attractiveness and Store Location. The steps carried out in choosing a mobile shop begin by analyzing the system that is running on the handphone shop, then from the results of the analysis the criteria are weighted on the handphone shop, then an alternative weighting is done at the handphone shop. After that, the results of the alternative weight ranking of the handphone shop are carried out. Based on alternative data and criteria using the Oreste method, it can be concluded that the best mobile shop is Selamat Cellular Shop with Preference Value from Distance Score value of 5.3556. Smaller than the other 4 stores. Keywords — Election, Handphone Stores, Pematangsiantar, Decision Support System, Oreste DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.2527918


Rovers are desirable for surface exploration because they allow sampling, and sample returns from several diverse locations on a planet's surface. Unfortunately, the rovers currently being examined for Mars exploration have several undesirable features. These rovers are quite massive (500 kg to one ton), have very complicated operations, and are very expensive. A possible alternative is described to using large rovers for exploring the surface of Mars. The idea of mini-rovers is proposed. Mini-rovers weigh less than 5 kg, are trivial to control from the ground, and can do a more thorough survey of the terrain (per kilogram of mass) than can be obtained by large rovers. By redesigning the Mars sample return mission to accommodate the idea of mini-rovers and small spacecraft, considerable mass and cost savings can be achieved.


The Flip Chip Plastic Ball Grid Array (FCPBGA) has become the prevalent packaging solution for mainstream microprocessors and high performance Asics. Increases in device size for these applications have begun to push the limits in terms of bond and assembly by triggering new failure modes that can impact yield and reliability. The complexity of these failure modes are such that material set behaviour knowledge and statistical analysis techniques are becoming critical to rapid product set introduction in a high volume manufacturing mode.


From 1 November 2009 came into force Emergency Ordinance No. 113/2009, which introduced into Romanian legislation the Directive on Payment Services (PSD "Payment Services Directive") applicable in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Space (EES). These regulations are intended transparency of banking information for payment services to create a single legal framework at the European Union and European Economic Space in the field of payment services and the protection of consumers of these services. The regulations of the Directive on payment services are applied to all payment transactions in the currency of each Member State of the European Union and European Economic Space, provided that the two banks - the payer's bank and the beneficiary's bank – are located in a Member State. Payment services coming under the impact of new legislation are: payment by bill of exchange, electronic payments, payments by credit card, payments made by direct debit, cash transactions, provided the payment and transfer of funds (the giving of money) under conditions of transparency and information to users and to comply with a set of laws and obligations on the part of all those involved in this operation.


The Afghano-Tadzhik depression from the early Mesozoic to the Paleogene inclusively has been a marginal sector of the Turan quasicraton. During this time were deposited largely marine clastic and carbonate-sulfate sediments with sharp discordance on the eroded surface of folded Paleozoics and Permo-Triassic formations. Oil pools in the Afghano-Tadzhik depression occur largely in porous-permeable and fractured carbonate horizons of the middle Eocene and Paleocene, and gas pools are found in carbonates of the Lower and Middle Cretaceous. Present thinking is that processes of oil-gas formation take place unevenly. In the 2-4 km depth interval there is a sharp intensification of processes of generation and emigration of oil hydrocarbons, and in the 3.6-5 km interval a considerable part of the gaseous hydrocarbons are generated.


abstract The responsibility of public transit systems is to provide a mode of transport to individuals who in most cases represent the minority and low-income classes as well was the elderly. Previous studies on the matter have shown unequal distributions of service across different areas, usually to the disadvantage of these vulnerable groups. The goal of this research was to study the relationship between transit system service levels and areas of need in Jefferson County, Kentucky, aiming to identify spatial gaps in public transport provision for people and areas of social disadvantage. A supply index to measure service level was constructed for each census tract, based on the share of the tract within access distance (400 m) to bus stops and route frequencies. A transit needs index was created using socioeconomic and locational variables. Spatial distribution and patterns of public transit supply and needs measures were examined. A needs-gap analysis was performed, particularly focusing on census tracts showing above average and high need but with low or zero transit service (gap areas). This study revealed that most service gap areas were located in the interior of the city close to the central business district where minority and low-income populations tend to concentrate.


Atherosclerosis in SR-BI Deficient Mice Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Expression Protects Against Diet Induced Print ISSN: 1079-5642. Online ISSN: 1524-4636 Copyright © 2007 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000259357.42089.dc 2007;27:858-864; originally published online February 1, 2007; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/27/4/858 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the


Conclusion(s): This survey highlights the divided opinion as to what makes a good anaesthetist. 29 different attributes were listed among the respondents' top five. Whilst some attributes feature more regularly than others, such as "keeping calm under pressure" and "clinical knowledge", others hypothesised by us to be important are less so, such as "low morbidity and mortality." The survey has generated much discussion amongst our colleagues. Whilst it would also be interesting to see if the above results are applicable to other European or international countries, we have instigated further work into the subject, as we pose the same question to others from the multidisciplinary team including medics and surgeons. No doubt their responses will prove fascinating and insightful. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the department of anaesthesia at UCLH for help with this survey.


This paper presents a quadruped robot that enables novel locomotion concepts for extremely rough terrain. The system was built for upright walking but its wide range of motion in all joints allows switching to a turtle-like crawling gait when loose soil or steep slopes are encountered. Furthermore, a robust design paired with special manoeuvres that allow recovering after tipping over make the system very robust against "mission failure". The platform was initially tested in the ESA Lunar Robotics Challenge 2008 and since then further developed for completely autonomous operation in rough and unknown terrain.


Many people now listen to music with earphones while walking, and are less likely to notice approaching people, cars, etc. Many methods of detecting approaching objects and notifying pedestrians have been proposed, but few have focused on low urgency situations or music listeners, and many notification methods are unpleasant. Therefore, in this work, we propose methods of gently notifying pedestrians listening to music of approaching objects using environmental sound. We conducted experiments in a virtual environment to assess directional perception accuracy and comfort. Our results show the proposed method allows participants to detect the direction of approaching objects as accurately as explicit notification methods, with less discomfort.


Objective:To evaluate the quality status of domestic gatifloxacin injection and exsisting problems.Methods:According to the general requirements of national assessment programs in 2009,use statutory testing methods and combine with the exploratory research to evaluate the quality of domestic gatifloxacin injection by statistical analysis of the results.Results:In 70 batches of gatifloxacin injection samples,69 batches meet the requirements of current specifications,one batch failed,visible foreign matter of solution as the main causes of failure.Exploratory studies have shown that osmotic pressure of the samples from partial company have been obviously belower than the requirements of pharmacopeia.The results by comparing the HPLC impurity profile of gatifloxacin injection and raw materials reveal that the impurity profiles of injection originate from raw material.Comparing light radiation stability of gatifloxacin injection of different manufacture process,the result revealed gatifloxacin injection manufactured by process that gatifloxacin is dissolved with diluted chloride acid would be stabler than that with diluted lactic acid.Conclusions:At present the most products quality of domestic gatifloxacin injection can meet the current specifications,there are still in some problems in few enterprises,such as the limit of bacterial endotoxin should be unified and whether the sterilization process of 100 ℃ lasting 30 minutes will be disable to assure the sterility of products.And exploratory research suggests that existing standards is in deficiencies,and need to improve standard immediately,using more proprietary methods such as HPLC to control and check the quality of drugs.


Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome of acute decompensation accompanied by organ failure that occurs on the basis of chronic liver disease and has a high short-term mortality rate. Currently, there are still differences in relation to the definition of ACLF; thus, baseline characteristics and dynamic changes are important bases for clinical decision-making in patients with liver transplantation and others. The basic strategies for treating ACLF currently include internal medicine treatment, artificial liver support systems, and liver transplantation. Multidisciplinary active collaborative management throughout the whole course is of great significance for further improving the survival rate in patients with ACLF.


Best Execution: Is this regulation necessary? Fundamental issues Putting it together- Elements of a sound best execution policy Comparing approaches A legal approach Technological considerations Market Integration: Liquidity, Market Fragmentation and Price Formation Fragmentation and Concentration Clearing and Settlement Old Solutions to New Problems- Historical Attempts to Integrate Markets Making Integration Work- The European Case Making Market Integration Work: State vs. Market- Who regulates the integrated market? Conclusions.


Analysis of recorded failures of standby emergency pumps at nuclear power plants revealed no problems that had been caused by the periodic surveillance testing. Among the failures uncovered during the course of such testing, those occurring in the turbine drives of PWR auxiliary feedwater pumps were most frequent and most significant.


We have studied the effect of ion implantation of donors into AlxGa1−xAs epilayers and have shown the presence of two deep level luminescence centers whose emission energies are strongly dependent on aluminum concentration. The variation of the intensity of these levels with annealing conditions gives an activation energy for their annihilation and this is found to be in agreement with that obtained from electrical data. From this, a model for the electrical activation of sulphur‐implanted GaAs is proposed.


In a recent contribution Carlo Casarosa (i98I) investigates the microfoundations of Keynes's aggregate schedules. While he has no quarrel with the conventional derivation of the aggregate supply function (Z), he maintains that certain interpreters have suggested that the aggregate expected demand function (De) reflects the entrepreneurs' anticipations of consumption and investment expenditure, i.e. the aggregate expenditure function (D). Casarosa argues that the D and De functions have different microfoundations and will not coincide even if entrepreneurs correctly anticipate demand. Casarosa includes Paul Wells amongst those who have supposed that the De curve represents the entrepreneurs' expectations regarding the D curve. Wells, however, has always insisted that a distinction be made between the D and De functions (I962; 1973; 1977; 1978). Like Casarosa, Wells (1973, p. 92) notes that the De, Z and D curves have a common point of intersection in short-run equilibrium - this does not mean that the D and De curves will coincide (along their entire length) if short-run expectations were realised. To distinguish between Casarosa and Wells let us regard an assumption that a firm can expect to sell more (less) of its product if it lowers (raises) its price as a PGA (price guesswork assumption). An assumption reflecting the guesswork of individual firms as to how their output and employment decisions are related to those of other firms will be called an IGA (interfirm guesswork assumption). The major difference between Casarosa and Wells (which


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Universal adhesives do not seem to have the ability to effectively seal dentin, regardless of the mode of application.

SUMMARY
Purpose: This study evaluates the reduction in dentin permeability (P) and the expression of nanoleakage in resin-dentin interfaces made with universal adhesives, comparing the self-etch mode of application with the etch-and-rinse mode of application.Methods and Materials: To measure dentin P at the baseline and after adhesive polymerization, 80 extracted noncarious human third molars (N=80) were sectioned to obtain 0.7-mm-thick midcoronal dentin disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to 8 groups according to the different adhesive systems and application modes used: Scotchbond Universal (SBU; etch-and-rinse [ER] mode vs self-etch [SE] mode), OptiBond XTR (OPT; etch-and-rinse mode vs self-etch mode), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CL; etch-and-rinse mode vs self-etch mode), and Adhese Universal (ADH; etch-and-rinse mode vs self-etch mode). A two-way analysis of variance with interaction was used to evaluate the P reduction differences among the groups (α=0.05). Sixteen additional 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks were similarly prepared and treated, immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate, and then processed according to conventional methods for analysis under transmission electron microscopy.Results: The differences in P reduction among the adhesives were significant (p=0.029). For OPT and ADH (p=0.0304 and p=0.0120, respectively), the P reduction was higher in the ER mode than in the SE mode. For CL and SBU, no differences in P reduction was observed between the two application modes (p>0.05). All the groups showed some pattern of nanoleakage.Conclusions: No adhesive system completely reduced dentin P. Dentin sealing was higher for OPT and ADH in the ER mode, while for SBU and CL, there was no difference between the two modes. All the adhesive systems showed nanoleakage.


Idempotent mathematics is a branch of mathematics in which idempotent operations (for example, max) on the set of reals play a central role. In recent decades, we have seen intensive research in this direction.
The principle of correspondence (this is an informal principle analogous to the Bohr correspondence principle in the quantum mechanics) asserts that each meaningful concept or result of traditional mathematics corresponds to a meaningful concept or result of idempotent mathematics. In particular, to the notion of probability measure there corresponds that if Maslov measure (also called idempotent measure) as well as more recent notion of max-min measure. Also, there are idempotent counterparts of the convex sets; these include the so-called max-plus and max min convex sets.
Methods of idempotent mathematics are used in optimization problems, dynamic programming, mathematical economics, game theory, mathematical biology and other disciplines. In this paper we provide a survey of results that concern algebraic and geometric properties of the functors of idempotent and max-min measures.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an initializing system of a plate to attain constantly stable coating quality by realizing an initializing means using the plate causing no particle defects, stripe defects or the like in the coating starting part and a cleaning means for holding the cleaning degree of the plate even in repeatedly preliminary coating and to provide a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display member by which a high grade liquid crystal display member is manufactured at a low cost with high productivity. SOLUTION: In the method of coating a member to be coated wherein a coating liquid is discharged toward the plate having a flat surface from a coater having a discharge port extending in one direction to discharge the coating liquid to carry out a preliminary coating and successively coating the member to be coated, at least the preliminary coating is carried out on at least two or more plates. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


The maintenance active power balance of bus is an important content in power dispatching.Bus active power unbalance would caused by control device accuracy,current transformer accuracy,inconstant AD sampling period,sampling phase-locked,and AD conversion.Efficiency will increase through applying EMS OPEN-3000-based integration system including bus balanced table,large error points table and suspicious data table.


Previous electrophoretic studies of ox sera have shown that, during the course of infection with the virus of foot-and-mouth disease, systematic changes occur in the proportion of the f,- and y-globulin components. The present paper records the results obtained when the opportunity arose to undertake a comparative study of the sera of four cattle in- fected with the virus of vesicular stomatitis.


The objective of this work was to improve the interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by determining the effect on it of the processing parameters of the cured composites system, i.e., temperature, content of curing agent, and heating rate. Taguchi methodology and analysis of variance were applied for optimizing and statistically determining the significant factors that influenced the mechanical properties of the composites. It was found that the temperature and content of curing agent were equally the primary significant factors in controlling the interlaminar shear strength of the composites. Also, the correlation between water absorption and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated.


Because much physiological study deals with plants that are secured from seeds, the conditions that prevail during the preliminary germination period constitute a very important part of such studies. Individual variability among the similar plants of an experimental series makes physiological experimentation very laborious, and presents one of the most difficult problems with respect to both technique and interpretation. Many recent experimenters have attempted to reduce variability through some sort of plant selection, and such selection usually begins with the seeds employed, -as when the seeds are chosen according to their genetic background and with reference to size, weight, color, etc. Young seedlings, just after germination, are commonly subjected to more or less rigorous selection according to size and general appearance, but especially according to apparent vigor. Such selection tends to restrict variability and furnishes experimental series of plants that are more nearly alike in their intrinsic physiological nature, as well as in their variability, than would be the case without selection. When young seedlings are selected for uniformity, the standard set of conditions that prevailed while germination was in progress becomes a basis for the selection. Consequently any advance in our knowledge of how specified lots of seed may be influenced in their germination performance by the environmental complex prevailing during the period of germination should be useful in the preparation of seedlings for experiments dealing with more advanced developmental phases. In this connection see GOODSPEED (11), CORRENS (5) , HAASIS (12), and TANG (36). Furthermore, a number of students (20) have presented evidence leading to the 1 Botanical contribution from the Johns Hopkins University, no. 118.


Because of the fuel crisis we were prevented from issuing the last two numbers of the B.M.J. in the normal manner. The result has been a severe dislocation of work. The publication of many articles and of other matter has had to be postponed. An attempt will be made during the next few issues of the Journal to make good the loss of space incurred, but even then many correspondents will have to be disappointed. We are confident, however, that readers will appreciate the difficult position in which the Journal has been placed and realize that the return to normal will have to be a gradual process. When it was found to be impossible to make alternative arrangements for printing the Journal in parts of the country not at first brought under the fuel ban the possibility was looked into of bringing out the Journal in duplicated form. The Secretary of the B.M.A. put at the disposal of the Editor the services of his staff and duplicating machines. By restricting the size of the last two issues of the B.M.J. to two sides of a foolscap sheet it was possible to "print" the normal run of approximately 62,000 copies. A draughtsman in the Finance Department cut the title and the Journal device on the stencils. Our two pemmican issues were, in fact, entirely a home product and were brought out by the co-operative effort of all departments in B.M.A. House. As the electricity was cut off from the addressograph machines a treadle mechanism was brought into use and the 62,000 envelopes addressed by human foot-power. So the two pemmican B.M.J.s came out without the consumption of a watt of electricity, In spite of this, as readers by now probably know, exception was taken in certain quarters to the issue of the B.M.J. in any shape or form, even though no fuel and power were used. This extraordinary state of affairs was a symptom of a social malaise which those responsible for producing the Journal felt it their duty to resist. Science To-day, the Isis, and the Liberal News were apparently the only other journals-which appreciated the fact that there was no legal bar on the production of a journal. The fact that the rest of the periodical Press succumbed weakly to what was nothing more nor less than temporary censorship seems to suggest that this country has lost some of that initiative and enterprise supposed to be characteristic of the British people. The queue habit seems to have got a firm grip upon us, and the readiness with which editors and proprietors of various journals lined up in the queue shows a strange lack of resourcefulness in a profession in which this quality is usually in high demand. We would like to thank those readers who have appreciated the fact that the Journal was not bluffed into inaction. We publish in this week's Correspondence pages a few of the many letters we have received.


Impoverished college students are a special group in every university.Because of the poor families,they are faced with more pressures in terms of economic situation,learning,interpersonal communication,and employment,which may cause psychological imbalance,lead to their unhealthy psychology,and even worse,make them commit crimes,directly affecting the stability of college and personnel training.Therefore,the mental health education of impoverished college students seems particularly important.This article begins with analysis of the performance of these students' unhealthy psychological conditions and its formative factors,elaborates the countermeasures and emphasizes the new methods of psychological capital education with the aim to further strengthen and improve the mental state health education of impoverished college students.


We present the result of our spectroscopic follow-up observation for faint quasar candidates at z ∼ 5 in part of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey wide field. We select nine photometric candidates and identify three z ∼ 5 faint quasars, one z ∼ 4 faint quasar, and a late-type star. Since two faint quasar spectra show the C iv emission line without suffering from a heavy atmospheric absorption, we estimate their black hole masses ( ) and Eddington ratios ( ). The inferred are 9.04 ± 0.14 and 8.53 ± 0.20, respectively. In addition, the inferred are −1.00 ± 0.15 and −0.42 ± 0.22, respectively. If we adopt that , the seed black hole masses ( ) of our z ∼ 5 faint quasars are expected to be in most cases. We also compare the observational results with a mass accretion model, where angular momentum is lost due to supernova explosions. Accordingly, of the z ∼ 5 faint quasars in our sample can be explained even if is . Since z ∼ 6 luminous qusars and our z ∼ 5 faint quasars are not on the same evolutionary track, z ∼ 6 luminous quasars and our z ∼ 5 quasars are not the same populations but different populations, due to the difference of a period of the mass supply from host galaxies. Furthermore, we confirm that one can explain of z ∼ 6 luminous quasars and our z ∼ 5 faint quasars even if their seed black holes are formed at z ∼ 7.


In this work, Cladding was done on SS316L alloy through the CMT process using Stellite-6 filler wire. 31 experiments were done at different welding conditions as per CCD matrix. The cladding specimens were characterized by macro and micro-study, Vickers microhardness evaluation and corrosion resistance analysis. An optical microscope, SEM-EDAX, and XRD were used to predict the structural characterizations, presence and the distributions of the elements. Based on the study higher voltage & welding speed showed appreciable hardness at the interface & cladding regions. The thickness of the interface was noted at a maximum of 190 μm. The EDS spectra showed that Fe, Cr and Co were the major elements in the clad and interface regions. The Co-rich phase and the low content of element O are found in the low corroded regions on the specimen. The maximum hardness observed at cladding and interface were 378 Hv and 270 Hv respectively.


From the development of robot technology, the implementation of the intelligent, safe and friendly mobile robot has been a goal by the human. In this paper, the definition of physical human-robot interaction is introduced; The classical visual servo system is analyzed, and we conducted a comparison and analysis of the nonlinear relationship between image featur01es and the robot pose based on the classical PID controll, fuzzy control and the PIλDμ controller which used to manage the nonlinear of visual servo system. In the end, we summarized the security strategy and the research progress, problems and challenges of physical humanrobot interaction in this field in the future. Keywords-Physical human-robot interaction; Visual servoing; PIλDμ controller; Safe strategy


Kinetic Studies of Isoprene Reactions with Hydroxyl and Chlorine Radicals. (August 2000) Inseon Suh, B. S. Seoul Women's University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Renyi Zhang Kinetic studies of the isoprene oxidation reactions initiated by the hydroxyl radical OH and the chlorine atom Cl have been investigated using a fast-flow reactor in conjunction with chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) and using laser photolysis/laser induced fluorescence (LP/LIF) detection. Both the CIMS and LP/LIF techniques were employed to invesflgate the reaction of isoprene with OH. The rate constants for the OH-isoprene reaction were measured in a pressure range of 70 to 112 Torr using the CIMS approach, with values of (9. 7 + 1. 0) x 10 " to (10. 5 + 1. 1) x 10 " cm molecule ' s ' at 298 + 2 K. The LP/LIF method was used to measure the pressure dependent rate constants in a pressure range of 0. 5 to 20 Torr. A low pressure limiting termolecular rate constant, g = (6. 98 + 2. 2) x 10 cm molecules s' and a high pressure limiting rate constant, k~ = (1. 04 + 0. 04) x 10' cm molecules ' s ' at 295 K were obtained by fitting the measured rate constants according to the Troe expression. The CIMS approach allowed monitoring of the OH-isoprene adducts directly. The observed bimolecular rate constant for the reaction between the OH-isoprene adduct and Oz was determined to be (2. 8 + 0. 7) x 10 ' cm molecule ' s ' at 75. 5 Torr. In addition, the reaction of isoprene initiated by Cl atom has been studied, using the CIMS method. The reaction of isoprene with Cl proceeds via both the Cl addition to isoprene and hydrogen abstraction to form HC1. The pressure independent rate constant of (4. 0 + 0. 3) x 10' cm molecule' s' for the Cl-isoprene reaction was obtained in a pressure range of 5 to 10 Torr. The branching ratio of (17, 7 2 3. 2)'/o for the reaction of Cl with isoprene was derived by monitoring the formation of HCl in accordance with the consumed Cl concentrations. Furthermore, the overall rate constant for the reaction between the Cl-isoprene adduct and Os was determined as (1. 0 + 0, 3) x 10' cm molecule ' s ', by modeling the reaction system in the experiments. Hence, in this work we have developed experimental techniques for the isoprene oxidation reactions with the OH radicals and Cl atoms, which should provide insight for understanding of the photochemical oxidation of isoprene in the atmosphere.


We report on progress in the development of atomic clocks based on an opto-electronic oscillator stabilized with an atomic cell. For a demonstration setup, the short term (1 second) stability of 5/spl middot/10/sup -10/ and the long term (100 seconds) stability of 6/spl middot/10/sup -11/ are reported. Also discussed is the physics of a low power electro-optical modulator utilizing whispering gallery modes in a segnetoelectric disk. This modulator is an important element of the designed clock. It is shown that our approach allows for multi-function application of the designed clocks, that can also operate in the magnetometer regime.


In an earlier paper (Part 1), a parametric state feedback time-optimal control law was devised for the regular Kronecker invariants on the basis of parametrization of the vector companion form. The present paper describes a straight-forward technique for obtaining the parametric feedback matrix by exploiting the parametric vector companion forms in the case of irregular Kronecker invariants. Hidden properties of vector companion forms are also given which result in entirely different and interesting techniques for parametrization of the control law. An illustrative example is presented.


Aiming at improving the teaching quality of the course of Architecture Structure,the paper presented the characteristics of the course as well as the existing problems in the current teaching practice based on the author's teaching experiences.Teaching content and methods were discussed in expectation of directing the teaching reform of the course.


Many introductory astronomy courses include concepts related to basic stellar properties. In general, these are concepts that originate from the human perception of starlight. This observational aspect is not easy to incorporate in the classroom. We explore if these concepts could be developed using the built-in data in a planetarium software. This helps us include an element of observations in the coursework that should enhance students' understanding of stellar magnitudes and distances, stellar classification and basic astronomy diagrams. Since the available planetarium software packages utilize rich professional databases, this approach also provides opportunities for students to follow the latest developments in astronomy connected to big data and the way data are collected and used.


Vocational skills of dual-teacher in vocational colleges include four parts: professional knowledge, professional operation skills, education theory and methods, vocational guidance. The mains ways of training dual-teachers are teachers self-learning, software and hardware construction of continuing education for teachers and encouraging teachers to accept the corporate practice.


Abstract In this study, reanalysis data produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for 14 Southern Hemisphere (SH) summer seasons have been analyzed. All cases of hemispheric transient eddy kinetic energy (TEKE) maxima have been identified, and the evolution of the local energetics and planetary-scale flow anomalies accompanying these TEKE growth/decay episodes are composited. The longitude–time evolution of the composite energetics shows the clear signature of a wave packet propagating eastward at a group velocity of about 27° longitude per day and undergoing a life cycle of growth and decay, with the energetics within a volume close to the wave packet center dominating the hemispheric mean energetics. When individual cases are examined, 52% are found to resemble the composite and have the energetics life cycle dominated by the evolution of a single wave packet, and an additional 21% are found to be dominated by the evolution of two wave packets having similar amplitudes. Only the...


Introduction:
 Recovery in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is prolonged and unpredictable, resulting in challenges in estimating health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We describe HRQoL and patient disposition for ICH survivors with similar clinical characteristics to ICH patients who had withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WoLST).

 Methods:
 Using MISTIE III trial data (N = 499), we performed a matched cohort analysis using a published modified severity index (mSI) to compare ICH survivors (N = 379) with WoLST patients (N = 61). We used multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, Glasgow Coma Score, deep ICH location, stability ICH and intraventricular hemorrhage volume and ≥ 3 comorbidities to create the mSI. After matching survivors with equal mSI to WoLST patients, we compared EuroQoL (EQ) visual analog scale (VAS) scores (US norm 69-76; range 0-100) by mSI quartile and patient disposition.

 Results:
 We matched 224 survivors to WoLST patients by mSI (range 0-6.5), with data at all timepoints. Given the large mSI range, EQ VAS scores and patient disposition were evaluated by mSI quartile groups. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) EQ VAS score increase for all mSI groups from day 30 (D30) to 180 (D180) was 20 (0-35.5,
 p
 < 0.0001), and 23.5 (5-40,
 p
 < 0.0001) for D30 to 365 (D365). The highest percentage of survivors for all mSI groups were home by D365 (G1 55%, G2 88%, G3 84.5%, G4 90%). Median (IQR) EQ VAS scores by mSI quartile, patient disposition and timepoint are reported below.

 Conclusion:
 ICH survivors, matching WoLST individuals, in all mSI groups demonstrated improvement in HRQoL over time, and the majority were home by D365. This study challenges current practice of identifying poor outcomes in concert with decision making employing WoLST in ICH. If goals of care are to include return to home and HRQoL, these results strongly suggest that prognostication can be improved. Prospective studies of ICH prognostication and decision making are needed.


In recent work by [CHHL19, CHLT19], the authors exhibit a flexible construction of pseudorandom generators for classes of that satisfy $L_1$ Fourier bounds. [CHHL19] show that if a class satisfies such tail bounds at all levels, this implies a PRG through their random walk framework that composes together fractional PRGs that polarize quickly to the Boolean hypercube. [CHLT19] show by derandomizing the analysis of [RT19] that just level-two Fourier bounds suffice to construct a PRG but naturally obtain exponentially worse dependence on the error in the seed length compared to [CHHL19]. Moreover, this derandomization relies on simulating nearly independent Gaussians for the fractional PRG, which necessitates the polynomial dependence on $1/\epsilon$ in each fractional step.
In this work, we attempt to bridge the gap between these two results. We partially answer an open question by [CHLT19] that nearly interpolates between them. We show that if one has bounds up to the level-$k$ $L_1$ Fourier mass of a closely related class of functions, where $k>2$, one can obtain improved seed length, the degree to which is determined by how high $k$ can be taken. Our analysis shows that for error $\epsilon=1/\text{poly}(n)$, one needs control at just level $O(\log n)$ to recover the seed length of [CHHL19], without assumptions on the entire tail. We avoid this by providing a simple, alternate analysis of their fractional PRG that instead relies on Taylor's theorem and $p$-biased Fourier analysis to avoid assumptions on the weights of the higher-order terms. This further allows us to show that this framework can handle the class of low-degree polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_2$, with slightly worse dependence than the state-of-the-art. We hope that this alternate analysis will be fruitful in improving the understanding of this new and powerful framework.


The invention discloses an aluminum-induced low temperature preparation method of large grain size polysilicon film; the grain size of the prepared polysilicon film reaches above 100 microns and the polysilicon film has smooth surface. The method comprises the following steps: (1) depositing amorphous silicon film on a substrate 2; (2) continuously generating silicon dioxide film; (3) continuouslydepositing aluminum film to obtain substrate/a-Si/SiO2/Al lamination; (4) placing the substrate/a-Si/SiO2/Al lamination in a vacuum annealing furnace to perform three-step annealing under the protection of inert atmosphere; (5) using aluminum corrosive liquid to corrode and remove the residual aluminum on the surface. The method of the invention can prepare polysilicon film with large grain sizeon the cheap substrate at low temperature and the crystallization orientation and surface roughness are controllable, thus the method has broad application prospect in fields such as film solar cellsand the like.


Abstract : The performance of arrays of receivers can be improved by optimisation of the weighting vectors used to form the output beams. Three optimisation criteria are considered: minimisation of total output power, least mean square fit to a signal vector, and maximisation of signal-to-noise ratio. For practical purposes it is often necessary to apply some form of constraint to the weighting vectors. The optimum narrowband array weight vector is derived for each of the three criteria when an arbitrary set of linear constraints are imposed on the weight vector. The equality of the derived weight vectors in most cases of practical interest is proved. Finally, some examples are considered which show how a number of recently proposed weighting vectors can be derived as special cases of the constrained solutions. (Author)


Progress is reported on understanding the interfacial processes that influence the surface treatment and finishing of aluminium and its alloys for practical application, i.e. in the aerospace sector. Using model and commercial alloys, the effects of alloying elements in the matrix and as separate phases on the anodising behaviour may be separated. The insight gained enables informed control of the anodizing conditions for the tailoring of porous anodic film growth in environmentally-friendly electrolytes for protection of the aerospace alloy substrate; further outer, open pore morphologies may also be readily developed for adhesive bonding applications, whilst maintaining protection of the alloy. Progressing further, anodizing conditions have been developed that offer the required control, but with much reduced energy costs and carbon footprint; the previous have been assisted by rapid screening using electrochemical approaches.


Abstract: to reduce the number of parts and parts cost, and, Providing retainer of an electronic device to reduce the number of working processes of assembling and disassembly as easily. A holding device 1 includes a housing portion of the frame-shaped 1 1, an antenna holder 12, the rib portion to secure a gap between the main printed circuit board 2 and the sub-printed circuit board 3 13, 1 3 'and a. The housing section 11 and the antenna holding portion 12 and the ribs 13 and 13 'are integrally molded with resin material. The housing 11, receiving and holding the liquid crystal display unit 5 and the EL lamp 6, and the like. Antenna holding portion 12 supports the inner portion of the loop antenna 4. Ribs 13, 13 ', by securing the distance between the main printed circuit board 2 and the sub-printed circuit board 3 holds the sub-printed circuit board 3, to reduce the number of parts and parts cost, and, work of assembly and disassembly as easily it is possible to reduce the number of processes.


Public corporations are created when public services are transformed into corporations via corporatization. But what are the consequences of corporatization, and does it make public service privatization more likely? This chapter presents and critically interprets the two main bodies of theoretical scholarship on corporatization which offer different perspectives on this question. It then examines the nature of corporatization, its evolution and its consequences. The authors find that, initially, corporatization proceeded rapidly during the 1980s, in the European Union (EU) telecommunications market, but then started to meet with some obstacles in other EU markets, such as energy. Corporatization was promoted around the world by international organizations, including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank. In the 2000s, corporatization spread to the health and education sectors. However, despite the efforts of its promoters, corporatization has spread slower than its proponents would perhaps desire, not least because the uniform recipe created is a poor fit for the economic realities of diverse countries around the world.


Protein function prediction becomes more challenging to the research community as it can be characterized as multi-label, hierarchical multi-class classification problem. This problem becomes complicated in nature as it suffers from several hardships which can be mentioned as: 1) Multiple functional groups with different confidence degree can be integrated with each protein; 2) Disintegrated multiple types of collected from heterogeneous sources; 3) Presence of functional groups in hierarchical relationship not in independent form; 4) incomplete and missing functional annotation of proteins; 5) Imbalanced proportion of functional groups; 6) Use of experimentally or computationally predicted biological data resulting into misleading inference due to false positive data; 7) Efficacy or weakness of artificially created heuristic driven negative sample (for example, Protein non-interacting data) etc. Considering these factors, in this paper, protein functional annotation is done using protein interaction information, sequence similarity where hierarchical relationship among functional groups are used and facilitated by FunCat taxonomy. Protein Interaction data with annotation of MIPS functional Catalogue and FunCat Taxonomy is used for this work.


This research proposes an innovative approach to evaluate modal shift from the road-only to the combined sea-road transport in order to implement new policies and introduce a Decision Support System (DSS) for the transportation planner's decision. The impact of these is carried out by using an innovative simulation tool which has the capability to simulate the real choice process of all stakeholders involved, specifically modelling the freight forwarder's point of view. The model runs as a single-agent based simulation which uses a multimodal network with detailed zoning. The simulation tool, capable of simulating the assignment of the whole network simultaneously, consists of a path choice model and a mode choice model for each o/d pair considered, establishing o/d pairs suitable and not suitable for modal shift. Three policies have been designed and tested through the simulation tool with an application in the Italian context: (1) internalization of the external costs of heavy vehicles; (2) introduction of a bonus for shipping companies; (3) design of new Ro-Ro services. The most affecting policy concerns an increase of speed of some Ro-Ro services to 22 kn, proposing a good balance between the navigation costs and the potential demand attracted.


Education is one of the most important factors for the development of societies. Efficient education can be possible with a qualified communication. Current spaces are huge factor that effects communications. No doubt that auditory comfort in spaces with completed acoustic development provides better communication. This study is prepared to propound the effects of the acoustic comfort conditions in classrooms which are the educational structure's most important spaces and the material used. Within the scope of this study, two schools which are private and government high school in Ankara situated in Cankaya Municipality have been chosen to make measurements. Selected schools have been researched by the classes' volume in terms of compliance with acoustic and in accordance with the inner surface of equipment. Similar volume classes chosen in both schools and they are measured with acoustic measuring devices, RT, EDT, C80, D50, STI, and RASTI which are significant for the intelligibility of speech has been ...


Rare earth (RE)-doped GaN nanowires (NWs), combining the well-defined and controllable optical emission lines of trivalent RE ions with the high crystalline quality, versatility, and small dimension of the NW host, are promising building blocks for future nanoscale devices in optoelectronics and quantum technologies. Europium doping of GaN NWs was performed by ion implantation, and structural and optical properties were assessed in comparison to thin film reference samples. Despite some surface degradation for high implantation fluences, the NW core remains of high crystalline quality with lower concentrations of extended defects than observed in ion-implanted thin films. Strain introduced by implantation defects is efficiently relaxed in NWs and the measured deformation stays much below that in thin films implanted in the same conditions. Optical activation is achieved for all samples after annealing, and while optical centers are similar in all samples, Eu3+ emission from NW samples is shown to be less ...


In this study, high-precision photometric data of V960 Tau are presented in order to reveal the pulsation characteristics of the star. The data are taken from the HI-1A instrument of the STEREO satellite between 2007 and 2011. The results of the photometric analysis are compared with findings derived from spectroscopic line measurements (equivalent width and line intensity) to have a better understanding of the relation between light curve variabilities and circumstellar disk structure. As a result of the photometric and spectroscopic analyses, it is seen that frequency distribution and amplitude intensities of the star are the same with those of a typical Be star. The star has at least 14 independent frequencies and most of these are accumulated around the peaks at 1.01 and 1.95 c/d. With this configuration, the star exhibits 2:1 frequency distribution. Even though the frequency distribution is quite similar to a Slowly Pulsating B type star, V960 Tau may be considered as a β Cephei type variable based on its temperature and luminosity values. Additionally, the equivalent width and line intensity values of the emission lines appear to be correlated with the light curve variations. This may be an indication that the photometric variations may be related to the environmental disc structure.


Adaptive control of systems described by an ARX (autoregressive system with exogenous input) model with randomly varying coefficients and d delays in the input is considered. The variation of each coefficient in the model is assumed to consist of white noise process and coloured noise process modelled as the output of a linear shaping filter. The optimal estimation of the state of the shaping filter is possible by using the Kalman filter algorithm. Two simple optimal adaptive control algorithms are derived. One is an algorithm obtained by determining the control input so that the d step ahead optimal prediction of the output coincides with a reference output, and the other is obtained by minimizing a quadratic cost function consisting of the d step ahead output error and the control input at each time step. It is shown that these optimal adaptive controls require the moments of the a posteriori probability distribution of the state of the shaping filter up to d and d+1 respectively. By omitting the higher moments from the optimal algorithms, suboptimal algorithms are obtained. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the optimal and the suboptimal algorithms with that of the self tuning regulator of Astrom and Wittenmark. Keyword: adaptive control, randomly varying coefficient, Bayesian approach


Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic angioretinopathy (DARP) are leading cause of vision loss, irreversible blindness and human disability.Purpose: to find clinical and functional parallels between the assessment of visual acuity in patients with AMD and DARP for determining of treatment method.Material and methods. The study included the results of examination of patients with DARP and AMD in the period 2018–2021. Group 1 (DARP) consisted of 70 patients (140 eyes): 1A subgroup with non-proliferative form – 45 patients (45 eyes), 1B subgroup with preproliferative one – 36 patients (36 eyes), 1B subgroup with proliferative one – 59 patients (59 eyes). Group 2 (AMD) consisted of 64 patients (109 eyes): 2A subgroup with dry form – 34 patients (67 eyes) and 2B subgroup with wet one – 30 patients (42 eyes); control group – 32 patients (64 eyes). The data of computed perimetry (MD, PSD), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, visual far acuity test with using the modified ETDRS table with Russian optotypes were analyzed. Fractal analysis of retinal vascular networks (Df1 OCT-angio, Df2 fundus) was performed.Results. Correlation analysis showed the relationship between Df1 and visual acuity, estimated by the number of ETDRS letters (r = –0.3) for DARP. The acuity of vision in AMD also directly correlates with the MD (r = 0.5) and PSD (r = –0.43) indexes. Df1 differed in 1A and 1Б groups (p = 0.02), as well as 1A and 1B (p = 0.004). Correlation of DARP stages with Df1 (p = –0.6) and Df2 (p = 0.6) was revealed.Conclusion. The acuity of vision assessed using a modified ETDRS table with Russian optotypes, MD and PSD, Df of vasculature in DARP and MNV in AMD are the criteria in a comprehensive assessment for determining treatment.


In a number of European countries, unemployment rates for young college graduates are higher than for young high school graduates. This presents a challenge for canonical models of unemployment that suggest that unemployment should decrease with education. I disentangle two potential explanations for the pattern: "labor market frictions" versus "relative productivity." Here, labor market frictions are obstacles to labor market flows (such as employment protection regulation), whereas relative productivity refers to features that lower the output of educated workers already matched to firms (such as an education system that does not provide the right skills or a lack of jobs that make good use of workers' skills). The analysis builds on a search and matching model with endogeneous productivity differences and the possibility of mismatch (educated workers working in low skilled jobs). I show that when young educated workers have productivity levels close to uneducated workers, they have higher unemployment rates, because firms create fewer skilled jobs. My counterfactual analysis shows that the relative productivity channel explains a substantial part in accounting for unemployment of young educated workers. The results suggest that improving education policy and fostering firms' demand for skills may have important roles to play in addressing high unemployment among young workers.


This study was conducted to determine the effects of different tomato rootstocks and high EC levels in order to increase the mineral content of tomatoes, one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. The research was carried out in perlite medium in a non-heated polycarbonate covered greenhouse the in spring production period during 2-years. In the study, 5 different EC levels were applied 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1. In the research, Newton F1 tomato variety was grafted onto 11 different commercial tomato rootstock. Also, for control purposes, non-grafted and self-grafted plants were used. The P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mn and Zn contents of fruit samples were determined according to the dry burning method. The P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn contents of fresh fruit increased with increasing EC levels, according to the two year average results of the study. The effects of the rootstocks on the nutritional content of the fruit were found to be statistically nonsignificant. According to the results of the study it was determined that the mineral content of tomato fruit could be increased by changing the concentration of the nutrient solution. Keywords : Solanum lycopersicon, grafting, electrical conductivity (EC), mineral content


Model XGS-12 high speed motion-picture camera is a new type of 16mm rotating prism camera with high quality. It has been recently developed by our institute. It has optional accessories. The maximum frame frequency of the camera. is 11000fps when one frame size is 7.5 x 10.4mm2. In this paper, three systems of this camera will be introduced, i.e. optical system, mechanical system and electronic control system. 16mm rotating prism camera has become one of indispensable instruments to modern laboratories and experiemental fields, and has widely used as measurement and analysis of high. speed phenomena quantitatively and qualitatively, being portable and cheap instrument, wide range of frame frequency from 10 to 104fps. Model XGS-12 high speed motion-picture camera. has been recently developed by our institute. It is another new kind of 16mm rotating prism. camera. Now, it is being intro duced as follows.


There are three fundamental ways of testing the validity of an investment algorithm against historical evidence: a) the walk-forward method; b) the resampling method; and c) the Monte Carlo method. By far the most common approach followed among academics and practitioners is the walk-forward method. Implicit in that choice is the assumption that a given investment algorithm should be deployed throughout all market regimes. We denote such assumption the "all-weather" hypothesis, and the algorithms based on that hypothesis "strategic investment algorithms" (or "investment strategies").

The all-weather hypothesis is not necessarily true, as demonstrated by the fact that many investment strategies have floundered in a zero-rate environment. This motivates the problem of identifying investment algorithms that are optimal for specific market regimes, denoted "tactical investment algorithms." This paper argues that backtesting against synthetic datasets should be the preferred approach for developing tactical investment algorithms. A new organizational structure for asset managers is proposed, as a tactical algorithmic factory, consistent with the Monte Carlo backtesting paradigm.


Alliance politics, Kosovo, and NATO's war: allied force or forced allies? / edited by Pierre Martin and Mark R. Brawley. ‐New York: Palgrave, c2000. ‐ xiv, 246 p. ‐ ISBN 0–312–23817–7 Balkan reconstruction / editors Thanos Veremis and Daniel Daianu. ‐ London: Frank Cass, c2001. ‐ 224 p.‐ ISBN 0–7146–8172–5 Challenges from within / Roger Murphy. ‐Aldershot: Ashgate: c2001. ‐ ISBN 0–7546–1124–8 The emerging Euro‐Mediterranean system / Dimitris K. Xenakis & Dimitris N. Chryssochoou. ‐ Manchester: Manchester University Press, c2001. ‐(Europe in change). ‐ ISBN 0–7190–6013–3 European Union and new regionalism: regional actors and global governance in a post‐hegemonic era / edited by Mario Telò. ‐Aldershot: Ashgate, c2001. ‐ xxii, 330 p. ‐ (The international political economy of new regionalisms series). ‐ ISBN 0–7546–1749–1 Les fédérations européennes de partis: organisation et influence / edité par Pascal Delwit, Erol Külahci, Cédric Van de Walle. ‐ Bruxelles: Editions de l'Universitè de Bruxelles, c2001. ‐ 254 p. ‐ (Sociologie politique). ‐ ISBN 2–8004–1266–6 International and national law in Russia and Eastern Europe: essays in honor oj George Ginsburgs / edited by Roger Clark, Ferdinand Feldbrugge, Stanislaw Pomorski. ‐ The Hague: M.Nijhoff Publishers, c2001. ‐ x, 479 p. ‐ (Law in Eastern Europe; 49). ‐ ISBN 90–411–1654–0 International investments and protection of the environment: the role of dispute resolution mechanisms / edited by the International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. ‐ The Hague: Kluwer La International, c2001. ‐xviii, 347 p. ‐ (The Permanent Court of Arbitration/Peace Palace Papers ; 2). ‐ ISBN 90–411–1588–9 Measuring the costs of protection in Europe: European commercial policy in the 2000s / Patrick A. Messerlin. ‐ Washington: Institute for International Economics, 2001. ‐ xvi, 408 p. ‐ ISBN 0–88132–273–3 Multilateral regulation of investment / edited by E.C. Nieuwenhuys and M.M.T.A.Brus. ‐ The Hague: Kluwer Law International, c2001. ‐ 244 p. ‐90–411–9844‐X New directions in global economic governance: managing globalisation in the twenty‐first century / edited by John J. Kirton, George M. von Furstenberg, Aldershot: Ashgate, c2001. ‐ xxviii, 364 p. ‐ (The G8 and global governance series). ‐ ISBN 0–7546–1698–3 No more bashing: building a new Japan‐United States economic relationship / C. Fred Bergsten, Takatoshi Ito, Marcus Noland. ‐ Washington: Institute for International Economics, 2001. ‐ xxiv, 328 p.‐ISBN 0–88132–286–5 Prospects for democratic consolidation in East‐Central Europe / edited by Geoffrey Pridham and Attila Agh. Manchester: Manchester University Press, c2001. ‐ xiv, 244 p. ‐ ISBN 0–7190–6057–5 The twenty‐first‐century firm; changing economic organization in international perspective / edited by Paul DiMaggio. ‐ Princeton: Princeton University Press, c2001. ‐viii, 275 p. ‐ ISBN 0–691–05851–2 The UN Committee against torture: an assessment / Chris Ingelse. ‐ The Hague: Kluwer Law International, c2001. ‐xviii, 464 p. ‐ ISBN 90–411–1650–8


The Shinmoe-dake volcano in southwest Japan, which produced its first major eruption in 52 yr on 26 Jan- uary 2011 but had been quiescent since 1 March, re-erupted on 13 March. It was only two days after the occurrence of the M = 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake in eastern Japan. The coin- cidence of the two events raises the question of whether the earthquake triggered the volcanic activity. As a provisional but rapid assessment of this question, we examined high- resolution strain data at a site located 18 km from Shinmoe- dake. In terms of the Tohoku-oki earthquake, three points can be drawn from the strain data: (1) static strain changes were less than 0.05◊ 10 6 , which is too small to trigger an eruption; (2) the amplitudes of dynamic strain changes are on the order of 10 6 , which may trigger seismicity or volcanic eruption; and (3) strain rates were not accelerated, which in- dicates no significant change in magma pressure. Comparing these results with reports of other eruptions coincident with seismic events, and considering a scenario in which a seismic event triggered an eruption, we tentatively conclude that the eruption on 13 March was not a triggered event. However, this conclusion may be revised after analyzing seismic data.


This paper presents a low-profile folded helical antenna with a top hat loading. It consists of two identical normal mode helices mounted on a large ground plane and a square conducting plate on the top of them to achieve a low profile. One helix is fed by a coaxial probe while the other one is connected to the ground, forming a folding structure for high resonant resistance. Parametric study is conducted to show the effect of the size of the top hat and the helix on the antenna's resonance character. A prototype is fabricated and tested, measured results show that an impedance bandwidth of 8% is achieved with an antenna height of 0.08λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength at its center operating frequency).


Background: Nowadays, because of the increasing prevalence of addiction in society, there are many costs involved in treating addicts and returning them to normal lives. This will not be possible except in new and effective ways. Objectives: This study aimed to compare emotional intelligence, attachment style, and mental health in addicted and healthy individuals. Methods: On the basis of inclusion criteria, available sampling method, and semistructured interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, 100 addicted men were selected and after matching with 100 nonaddicted men by, Extracurricular Vein Scale (TMMS), light questionnaire Adult Attachment Style (AAS), and the Goldenberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were assessed. Results: The results showed that in all 3 components of attention, differentiation, and mood reconstruction of emotional intelligence, addicted people scored lower than the nonaddicted group. The results showed that in the secure attachment style, the mean scores of the nonaddicted group are higher than the addicted group, while in the avoidant insecure style and ambivalent anxiety style, addicted men are significantly higher than nonaddicted men. Also, in all components of mental health, the nonaddicted group obtained higher scores compared with addicted people. Conclusions: Psychological correlations of emotional intelligence, adult attachment style, and mental health are important risk factors for the phenomenon of drug addiction and have many practical implications for preventive interventions and treatment of abusive behaviors.


The Puerto Rico Trench is assumed to be caused by a downwards bending of the Atlantic lithosphere. The gravitational body force that acts on a flap of lithosphere, hanging in the aesthenosphere and more dense than it, pulls the lithosphere down at the trench. Gravity anomalies are modelled assuming that the crustal thicknesses of the Atlantic and Caribbean Oceans are constant (but different) and that the Atlantic Ocean floor seaward of the outer rise, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean Sea floor are each in isostatic equlibrium. The residual gravity anomalies are then consistent with the existence of a subcrustal dense mass, that could be the hanging slab of lithosphere. The value of this excess mass depends upon more arbitrary assumptions for the crustal mass in the Puerto Rico Trench and its landward wall, but if the other assumptions above are realistic, the dense mass is required and is adequate to bend the surface down at the trench.


Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary tumor of the liver accounting for 4.6% of all new human cancers. Cardiac metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma is an uncommon secondary cardiac malignancy. We described two cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with large masses in the right atrium mimicking atrial myxoma. The RA masses were incidentally detected during two‐dimensional echocardiographic examination. (Echocardiography 2010;27:80‐83)


Here the author explains the present practice of drilling and finishing method of natural gas wells in Japan, and also points out the most efficient methods in relation to the production problems.


This study reviewed policies against low fertility in foreign countries such as Israel, France, Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary, United States of America, and Japan. More specifically, it classified diverse polices into two categories: 1) economic support program (e.g. family allowance, tax benefit, housing support programs) and 2) work-family balance program (e.g. family leave, child care and education). As a result, it offered suggestions for better policies against low-fertility in Korea.


Hip dysplasia is a developmental, multifactorial, genetically influenced condition that is characterized by ill-fitting or loosely-fitting hip joints and the development of secondary degenerative joint disease (arthrosis). The word dysplasia is derived from the Greek "dys" meaning abnormal and "plassein" meaning to form. As hip dysplasia is a developmental disease, it only manifests itself radiologically after the age of about 6 months. There is no doubt about the fact that the tendency to develop hip dysplasia is inherited but environmental factors like excessive protein intake and excessive strenuous exercise at a very young age play a role in the degree of dysplasia that is eventually manifested. Genetically susceptible dogs become dysplastic when the primary muscle mass that supports the joint fails to mature at the same rate as the skeletal structures. The resultant disparity between soft tissue strength and biomechanical forces during skeletal growth is manifested as a loss of congruency between the articular surfaces of the acetabulum and the femur head. This results in joint laxity and eventual hip arthrosis.


ABSTRACTThe oil contents of rye grain seeds ranged from 0.70% (type 25) to 3.92 % (type 1). Palmitic acid contents of oils changed between 10.82% (type 26) and 22.43% (type 10). In addition, while oleic acid contents of oil samples vary between 20.61% (type 17) and 37.86% (type 3), linoleic acid contents of oils changed between 18.91% (type 3) to 54.0% (type 13). Also, linolenic acid contents of oil samples were found between 2.43% (type 1) and 8.34% (type 26). Total saturated fatty acid contents of oil samples changed between 15.57% (typ 26) and 34.38% (type 1). K contents of rye grains were found between 3810.31 mg/kg (type 2) and 6148.28 mg/kg (type 17). While P contents of grains vary between 1806.43 mg/kg (5) and 3710.25 mg/kg (18), Mg contents of samples ranged from 962.87 mg/kg (type 5) to 1602.33 mg/kg (type 12). The highest Ca content was determined in 14 sample (1447.96 mg/kg). The crude protein contents of rye grains ranged from 10.08% (type 1) to 15.25% (type 3). As a results, rye grain is rich in minerals and essential fatty acids for human health.


We report on the results of a Design of Experiments (DOE) matrix of growth runs used to tune and improve the uniformity of thickness and doping across both 100 mm and 150 mm SiC epiwafers in our epitaxy reactor. Improvement of uniformity beyond the initial process recipe from the tool vendor is shown. Temperature measurement along an entire wafer platter indicate that there is a gas cold region extending into the growth zone that maybe the root cause of the non-uniformity.


Objective To evaluate the preliminary screening effect of the ESS、SAQLI and QOLOSAHS for OSAHS,and find out the most effective preliminary screening method.Methods The scores of ESS、SAQLI、QOL-OSAHS of the 93 participants were analyzed.The predictive values of the three scales for OSAHS were determined by receiver operator curve and discriminatory analysis.Results The sensitivity and specificity of ESS(ESS≥9 points) were 0.486 and 0.870.The sensitivity and specificity of SAQLI (≤246 points) were 0.914 and 0.522.The sensitivity and specificity of QOL-OSAHS (≤161 points) were 0.886 and 0.522.Conclusions ESS、SAQLI、QOL-OSAHS have moderate predictive value for OSAHS.SAQLI is better to drinker than ESS for diagnosis of OSAHS.

Key words:
Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome; Scale; Screening


For more than a century it has been known that
signals and power can be transferred
electromagnetically. This knowledge has motivated
substantial research and development into wireless
signal transmission which today is widely used. Power
transfer across air gaps, however, has tended to be
restricted to electric machines that have tight
magnetic couplings. It is only very recently that a
novel technology termed IPT (Inductive Power
Transfer) has made wireless/contactless power delivery
to movable objects a practical reality.
This research work presents the basic concept of
contactless/wireless power transfer and typical IPT
systems that employ modern power conversion, control,
and magnetic coupling techniques to achieve clean and
reliable power transfer without direct electrical
contacts. Both current-fed parallel and voltage-fed
series resonant converters are fully investigated
using mathematical analysis, computer simulations,
and practical experiments to evaluate their
properties and usability in practical systems. Two
new resonant converters are proposed which show
excellent dynamic soft switching performance suitable
for wireless/contactless power transfer applications.


This article presents a new method for prediction of an event involving a future bivariate observation. The method combines nonparametric predictive inference (NPI) applied to the marginals with a parametric copula to model and estimate the dependence structure between two random quantities, as such, the method is semiparametric. In NPI, uncertainty is quantified through imprecise probabilities. The resulting imprecision in the marginals provides robustness with regard to the assumed parametric copula. Due to the specific nature of NPI, the estimation of the copula parameter is also quite straightforward. The performance of this method is investigated via simulations, with particular attention to robustness with regard to the assumed copula in case of small data sets. The method is further illustrated via two examples, using small data sets from the literature. This article presents several novel aspects of statistical inference. First, the link between NPI and copulas is powerful and attractive with regard to computation. Second, statistical methods using imprecise probability have gained substantial attention in recent years, where typically imprecision is used on aspects for which less information is available. This article presents a different approach, namely, imprecision mainly being introduced on the marginals, for which there is typically quite sufficient information, in order to provide robustness for the harder part of the inference, namely the copula assumptions and estimation. Third, the setup of the simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed method is novel; key to these are frequentist comparisons of the success proportion of predictions with the corresponding data-based lower and upper predictive inferences. All these novel ideas can be applied far more generally to other inferences and models, while also many alternatives can be considered. Hence, this article presents the starting point of an extensive research program towards powerful predictive inference methods for multivariate data.


We present a novel methodology for spatialand ecosystem-sensitive estimation of recreational visit numbers and their values across Great Britain. Drawing upon an extensive and spatially explicit survey of current recreational behaviour, data are combined with highly detailed information on population characteristics, transport infrastructure and GIS generated measures of the availability of potential substitutes and complements. Analysis yields a readily transferable model of visit behaviour which is valued using a meta-analysis of the recreation valuation literature. The impacts of changes envisaged under the various UK National Ecosystem Assessment scenarios for future land use are then analysed and corresponding visits and (real) values estimated. A second analysis demonstrates the application of the methodology to assessment of a proposed single site. We conclude by considering limitations and future potential for this methodology.


Roadbed subsidence is one of the main types of highway flood damage, the periodic fluctuation of the river water level and the softening of the subgrade soils by the river water immersion for a long time are the main inducement factors of the subgrade subsidence. Based on the theory of absorbing water infiltration in unsaturated soil, calculation formula of dynamic stability coefficient of subgrade is established by using the Swedish arc method. Example analysis shows that, soil roadbed suffers the water permeability-soak, road-bed's stability reduce with the time, and leads to roadbed subsidence. Research results for improving roadbed subsidence water logging mechanism understanding level have a positive meaning.


Abstract Natural gas from the Niobrara Formation was discovered in 1919 at the Beecher Island field in Yuma County, Colorado, but commercial development did not commence until 1972. There are now more than 30 fields located primarily in Yuma County, Colorado and Cheyenne County, Kansas. Biogenic gas is produced from chalk with high porosity but low permeability at the top of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Cretaceous Niobrara Formation at depths ranging from 900 to 2800 feet. The producing area is on the eastern flank of the Denver basin and accumulations are normally on low-relief anticlinal closures. The wells are stimulated with a foam fracturing treatment and will deliver from 20 to 300 MCFGPD. The Niobrara and other Upper Cretaceous chalks are considered to be prospective as shallow gas reservoirs over a large area of the Western Interior.