Acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALLs) in adults constitute about 20% of all acute leukaemias [2]. In contrast to childhood leukaemias which arises in mesenchymal stem cell population, most adult ALL originate in relatively drug resistant epithelial stem cells [6]. Re-emergence of the leukaemic clone and drug-resistance remain the predominant causes of treatment failure. It is now believed that the major mode of drug resistance in acute leukaemias may be insensitivity to apoptosis induction [1,3]. The regulators of apoptotic mechanism of cell death may be considered as a diagnostic or prognostic factors for the fate of leukaemic patients [4,5]. In our study, fifteen bone marrow aspirates from untreated ALL adult patients (9 men and 6 women) aged 19–55; mean 36 years, were evaluated on the day of diagnosis. Morphological subtypes of ALL were determined according to the FAB classification by a combination of cytomorphological and cytochemical examinations as well as flow cytometric immunophenotyping by Coulter Epics XL. Patients without expression of surface P-gp (multidrug resistance gene product) were selected for our study. All patients were treated by standard chemotherapy (Prednison, Dexametazon, Vinkrystin, Farmorubicyn, L-asparaginase) or high-dose chemotherapy, in the years 1999–2001 (Table I). Lymphocytes from 20 healthy adult donors were used as a control group. Double (FITC/PE) or mono staining monoclonal antibodies for immunophenotyping analysis were purchased from Becton Dickinson (BD). Annexin V-FITC, CD95FITC/CD19PE, CD7FITC/CD95PE and IntraPrepTM Permeabilization Reagent were obtained from Immunotech (IM). Monoclonal antibody anti-Bcl-2-FITC was obtained from Dako. All the other reagents were obtained from Coulter. Flow cytometric analysis were performed by Coulter Epics XL. To determine ploidy and DNA index (DI) 1 £ 10–1 £ 10 cells/ml were stained with propidium iodide (PI) using a DNA-Prep kit (Coulter). DI was calculated as ratio of G0–G1 examined population and G0–G1 reference population. Proliferative activity was calculated as total phases S and G2/M. The apoptotic index was determined using Annexin V-Fluos and propidium iodide double staining. The apoptotic index was expressed as the absolute number of annexin V positive lymphoblasts divided by absolute number of total mononuclear cells in the gate. In order to detect intracellular Bcl-2 in individual cells, the cells were permeabilized by IntraPrepTM Permeabilization Reagent (IM). Since no features of normal disintegration were found in the groups examined with the Shapiro–Wilk test, statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric Mann– Whitney's U test. The level of significance was defined as p , 0:05: R Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine correlations between the respective parameters. We had observed, that percentage of CD34 positive cells in B ALL patients was significantly higher, compared to the T ALL group (60 ^ 39 vs. 13 ^ 16%, p 1⁄4 0:05). The DNA index was significantly increased in B ð p 1⁄4 0:003Þ and T ð p 1⁄4 0:011Þ ALL in comparison to control (Fig. 1(a)). DI in T ALL was significantly higher in comparison to B ALL ð p , 0:05Þ (Fig. 1(a)). Proliferating activity was significantly increased in B ð p , 0:001Þ and T ð p 1⁄4 0:01Þ ALL in comparison to control (Fig. 1(b)). The apoptotic index was significantly decreased in leukaemic lymphoblasts in comparison to control cells (Fig. 1(c)). The apoptotic index of lymphoblasts originating from B lineage was significantly lower (0.02 ^ 0.01) than in


A 91‐year‐old man presented with a 9.0 × 7.0 cm exophytic mass on the dorsum of the right foot, surrounded by a scaling hyperkeratotic plaque‐like lesion that had been present for many years. He had similar long‐standing hyperkeratotic plaque‐like lesions on both legs. Histopathologic examination of the exophytic mass revealed a well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma surrounded by an eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA). Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy support this diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of ESFA being intimately associated with a malignant neoplasm.


We study the asymptotic behavior of a size-marked point process of centers of large cells in a stationary and isotropic Poisson hyperplane mosaic in dimension $d \ge 2$. The sizes of the cells are measured by their inradius or their $k$th intrinsic volume ($k \ge 2$), for example. We prove a Poisson limit theorem for this process in Kantorovich-Rubinstein distance and thereby generalize a result in Chenavier and Hemsley (2016) in various directions. Our proof is based on a general Poisson process approximation result that extends a theorem in Bobrowski, Schulte and Yogeshwaran (2021).


Motivation: Transcription-regulatory elements (TREs) are critical modulators of gene transcription, with promoters and enhancers being major hubs for gene regulation. Of these, enhancers are distal regulatory elements, typically short 50–150 basepairs DNA regions and are identified via the large numbers of genomic regions displaying enhancer-like chromatin features, such as histone modifications at regulatory sites. Given that enhancers operate at sites vastly removed from their cognate genes, their computational prediction is challenging. While ChIP-seq datasets have been used to map out parts of the epigenome, only a fraction of predicted enhancers have been found to be functionally active. Thus, recent methods, such as GRO-seq, have been used to elucidate functionally active enhancers. However, GRO-seq data is sparse, being experimentally complex, and often at insufficient resolution. Hence, in this paper, we evaluate the ability of ChIP-seq data to predict the eRNA activity, as given by GRO-seq, using as inputs the signatures of key histone modifications that are known to be predictive of enhancers. We implement two models with accurate performance for the entire range of eRNA activity, spanning 5 orders of magnitude, for the human embryonic stem cell type H1. We then perform a detailed comparison with a prior computational approach for (binary) enhancer activity classification. Results: Our best performing model is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based regression model, indicating that the epigenetic patterns are location invariant. We achieve an overall RMSE of 0.82 compared to the baseline's (ZeroR) 1.30. In the comparison with a prior approach, our model achieves AUC of 0.75 against the prior approach's 0.56.


Brett, Laura and Gerdean Tan. Looking Beyond the Pages: Representations of Culture in Storybook Choice in Second Grade. WSU McNair Journal. (3) Fall 2005. p 15-23.


It is possible to improve the front luminance, with moderate light diffusion property, to provide a light control film without interference pattern and glare problems. A one surface of uneven surface, a composed light control film 10 at the other surface is substantially smooth surface, JIS K7361-1: by the measurement method defined in 1997, from the smooth surface in total light transmittance in the case of light incident to 65% or less, the total light transmittance in the case of light incident from the uneven surface is 80% or more, yet, the smooth surface of the total light transmittance of the uneven surface light incidence minus the total light transmittance of the light incident configured to be 30% or more.


Knowing that bailouts are inevitable because governments will rescue firms whose collapse may cause systemic failure, financial institutions fail to internalize risks their investments impose on society, thereby creating a "risk externality." This paper proposes that just as taxes are imposed to deal with pollution externalities, taxes can also address risk externalities.The size of the optimal tax depends on risk-related attributes and may be difficult for supervisors to calculate and implement. A market-based method can estimate its appropriate magnitude. For a particular financial institution, the government should sell "rescue bonds" paying a variable coupon linked to the size of the bailouts or other government assistance received by the institution or its owners. Coupon prices will reflect the market's judgment of an institution's risk profile and can therefore be used to set the tax.A well-designed tax system can entirely eliminate the risk externality generated by inevitable government bailouts.


Contemporary relations between feminism and psychology in the Nordiccountries have their origins in feminist critique similar to that in other westerncountries. There are also some distinctive feat ...


at Ring Frame, in "Resume of Papers, 26th Joint Technological Conference," Ahmedabad, 1985. 4. Dhawan, K., and Salhotra, K. R., Relationship between Fibre Length and Roving Separation for Optimum Quality of Double Roving Feed Ring Spun Yams, in "Resume of Papers, 27th Joint Technological Conference," Delhi, 1986, pp. 27-31. 5. Gore, C., The Siro Spun Process, Textile Ind. 146, 6465 (1982). 6. Holdaway, H. W., and Robinson, M. S., Strength and Extensibility of Singles Worsted Yams as Determined by Twist, Linear Density, and Wool Fineness J. Textile Inst. 56, T168-T178 (1965). 7. Landstreet. C. B., and Ewald, P. R., Double Trumpet Spinning and Its Effect on Yam Strength: Textile Ind. 117, 114-117 (1953). 8. Natarajan, K. S., A Study of the Characteristics of Siro Spun Yam Produced on a Short Staple Spinning System. Ph.D. thesis, Anna University, India, 1987. 9. Plate, D. E. A., Siro Spun: Goodbye to the Twofold, Textile Horiz. 2, 34-37 (1982). 10. Plate, D. E. A., An Alternative Approach to Twofold Weaving Yam, Part V: The Properties of Two Strand Yarns, J. Textile Inst. 74, 320-328 (1983). Manu.ccr~pr reneiyed NovembPr 16, 1987: ~ccepttd Jdy 17 1988.


Alexander Duane's outstanding contribution to the understanding of motor anomalies has been his demonstration that the relationship between the amounts of deviation for distance and for near is of diagnostic importance. Observing that the variations in this relationship took a definite pattern, he formulated a method of classification that has withstood the test of time. He placed cases of esotropia that were greater for distance than for near into a heterogeneous group, which he called "divergence insufficiency." A great many patients within this group also had vertical deviations. The importance of the vertical deviations were recognized by Duane when he stated 1 : Uncomplicated idiopathic divergence insufficiency is a comparatively rare condition and moreover some of the cases that would seem to fall in this category are probably secondary to some disorder of the vertical muscles (elevators or depressors). When the attempt was made to classify cases of esotropia in the


The microstructure and crystal structure of oxide films in different depth of oxide thickness, and the morphology of fracture surface of oxide films, which are formed on Zircaloy-4 specimens during the autoulave tests in deionized water at 360 ℃/ 18.6MPa, have been investigated by transmission electron mi- croscopy, scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The results show that except the stable monoclinic crystal structure, the meta-stable phases including cubic, tetragonal and amorphous phases can be observed in the bottom layer of oxide films due to the presence of defects induced by the compressive stress in oxide crystals during the formation of zirconium oxide. Under the action of temperature, stress and time, the diffusion, annihilation and condensation of defects as vacancies and interstitials will be taken place in the middle and surface layer of oxide films. The inner stress of oxide crystals will be relaxed and the meta-stable phases will transform to the stable phase. Vacancies absorbed by grain boundaries form the clus- ters of pores in nanoscale, which will weaken the bonding force between grains. In this case, the grains will become gradually spherical due to the action of surface tension. Based on the formation of the clusters of pores and the development of cracks in oxide films,the phenomenon of corrosion transition will be induced due to the loss of protective characteristic of oxide films. This is an inevitable result caused by the micro- structure evolution of oxide films during the autoulave tests.


According to the definition,status and characteristics of land intensive utilization in the developing zones in Liaoning province,this article established the evaluation index system for land intensive utilizationnation of the national developing zones.The intensive utilization included three aspects,status,efficiency and achievement of land management.This article evaluated and calculated the potentiality and general level of land intensive utilization and analyzed the results,and then gave the methods to prove the level of developing zone land intensive utilization.


Broad-band dielectric and phonon response of Nb-doped (1-x)Pb(Zr1-yTiy)O3-xCoFe2O4 composites with x = 10%–30% was investigated between 0.1 MHz and 100 THz. At room temperature, a broad distribution of relaxation times causes a constant dielectric loss below 1 GHz. Above room temperature, a strong Maxwell-Wagner relaxation process dominates below 1 GHz due to the conductivity of CoFe2O4 (CF). Two additional relaxation processes are seen between 1 GHz and 1 THz. The lower-frequency one, coming from domain wall motion, disappears above TC ≈ 650 K. The higher-frequency component slows down on heating towards TC, because it is the central mode, which drives the ferroelectric phase transition. Time-domain THz transmission and infrared reflectivity spectra reveal a mixture of polar phonons from both ferroelectric Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZTN) and magnetic CoFe2O4 (CF) components, while the micro-Raman scattering spectra allow to study phonons from both components separately. Similar temperature behavior of phonon...


This study discusses the conversion of paddy fields in the village Sekarsuli Berbah District of Sleman which continued to increase from time to waktu. Kabupaten Sleman establish areas of productive agricultural centers to maintain the ability to produce food, especially rice. For research purposes; (1) identify the value of land and land development rights value fields and, (2) identify the response of farmers to estimate the value of land development rights if it is offered as a basis for determining the value of conservation programs. Subjects were farmers in the Sekarsuli as many as 35 people using primary sampling. Data snowball of observations using instruments terbuka. Data questionnaire secondary use of data from BPS. Paddy land conservation programs will be sustained when the value of the program is received and in accordance with the expectations of land owners. One model for determining the conservation program is the value of land development rights. The value of land development rights is the difference between the expected value of optimal land to the value of land. Estimated value of the subsequent land development rights offered to landowners if they agreed that if the value was used as the basis of determining the value of land conservation programs. Response data analysis techniques landowners using logit regression. The estimation results concluded (1) obtained an average value of land use by 55% of the estimated value of optimal land. The amount of excess is an average of 45%, referred to as the value of land development rights (Value Development Right). (2) Respondents agree with the conservation program as many as 24 respondents, disagree as much as 11 responden.Luas land and public facilities Distance lands to be an influential factor on the farmer's decision to accept or reject the offered programs. Keywords: conservation of paddy fields, and the value of land


The semiconductor industry's push toward continued miniaturization and increasing complexity is driving wider adoption of advanced package technology. Advanced package provides potential solution for systems with better performance and more functions at a smaller form factor, lower cost, lower power consumption, and a shorter time to market. Due to these reason, dielectric materials with not only low Dk(Dielectric Constant), Df(Dissipation Factor) but also high resolution to make smaller Via-hole has been becoming used for data server and 5G related areas. To reduce yield loss during the substrate and wafer assembly process, warpage control is becoming even more critical due to increasing number of I/O counts. In this paper, be handled how to improve surface modification on Low-loss material and reduction of substrate warpage with Light-source irradiation.


The Impact of Participation in the Food Dudes Healthy Eating Program on Dietary Habits in 4th and 5th Grade Students in Cache County Utah after One Year


In 1963 Duchamp described his vertical installation of three Readymades at the Pasadena Art Museum as "readymade talk of what goes on in the Large Glass." Elsewhere, he spoke of the Readymades as "vehicles for unloading ideas," and during the years 1912-15 his mind was filled with ideas as he invented the "playful physics" for his techno-scientific allegory of quest, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even [The Large Glass] (1915-23). This essay argues that the "ideas" being unloaded in the Readymades were rooted in his extensive study of contemporary science and technology as well as the biographical experience of his stay at Herne Bay on the English seacoast during August 1913. Readymades addressed include the Bicycle Wheel, With Hidden Noise, Paris Air, and Fresh Widow. Central themes include string or thread, traced from his preoccupation with tennis during his holiday, and the impact of the electrical spectacle of the illuminated Pier Pavilion at Herne Bay.


In this publication a problem of production order planning is considered. The concept of a critical resource and a critical process, a constraint-based approach has been proposed. The question considered regards of an admissible production flow organization-guaranteeing completion of the production order under assumed limits, while taking into account the logistics constraints imposed. In that context the approach proposed can be seen as one following the Goldratt's Theory of Constraints (TOC).


A superconducting (SC) RF Test Accelerator at the New Muon Lab (NML) is currently under construction at Fermilab. Its design goals include the demonstration of the 9-mA pulse train proscribed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) and operations with this prototypic beam of the base RF unit which consists of three SCRF cryomodules. An RF photoelectric gun based on the DESY design will generate the beam. The selected gun has an emittance of about 1 pi mm mrad when run at 1 nC or less per micropulse based on tests at Zeuthen with an almost identical gun design. This beam quality is sufficient, when properly bunch compressed, to provide the driving beam for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray (SXR) self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) or seeded FEL. Estimates for the gain length and output power have been calculated for wavelengths from 80 to 12 nm (at 1.5 GeV) using a simple scaling formula of M. Xie.


Modulation technology is very important in the field of communication. A good modulation technology not only can save spectrum resources but also can provide a good channel performance. This paper is based on TCM+8PSK modulation demodulation principle of waveform research and analysis, which aims at analysis and design of the key technologies of 8PSK optimization algorithm and implementation, and the performance of the model simulation at the same time. The simulation results show that the TCM+8PSK modulation and demodulation techniques are used to obtain high gain in 225-512MHzUHF frequency band. At the same time, it has good performance in anti-multipath equalization, and the optimization algorithm has good performance in high speed digital transmission and antiinterference.


68 patients with non-carious lesion of the hepatobiliary system associated with the disease were examined. Among the examined persons, 40 (58.8%) women and 28 (41.2%) men, the average age was 48.3±18.6 years and 12 persons with non-carious lesions without concomitant pathology. The control group consisted of 10 healthy individuals comparable in gender and age. The criteria for inclusion in the study were an increase in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, GGTP and functional studies, where focal liver changes and biliary hypertension were excluded, the presence and degree of hepatomegaly and portal hypertension were assessed. In the blood serum, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and GGTP in the blood serum was determined using a biochemical analyzer "Mindray" using reagents from "HUMAN" companies. The content of endothelin-1 (endothelin-1, Et-1), the activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) was carried out on an enzyme immunoassay "Mindray MR-96 A". The number of DECs was calculated using the Hladovec method (1978).


Ringing recoveries are used to investigate the seasonal movements of British Greenfinches. Significantly more females than males make such movements. Outward movement begins by early November and continues until at least late January. The return movement can last from January to May and is particularly rapid in March and early April. The directions of the outward movements are widely dispersed but show trends towards the south and, except in western areas, towards the west. In Britain south of latitude 54°N the proportion of birds leaving their breeding grounds in winter increases from west to east, being negligible in the south-west and largest in East Anglia, but relatively small near the south coast. Distances moved show a similar dependence. The numbers making seasonal movements in a given year are correlated with the breeding population, particularly in south-east England.


We investigated the influence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on acute ischemic injury and chronic angiogenesis. In a hindlimb ischemia model, NO produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) reduces ischemic injury and promotes angiogenesis. However, the effect of the large amounts of NO generated by induced iNOS is unclear. Experimental groups of mice were as follows: (1) wild-type group (Wild), (2) iNOS-knockout group (iNOS-KO), and (3) aminoguanidine-treated wild-type group (Wild + AG), which received aminoguanidine from day 0 to day 3 after ischemia. Acute ischemic injury was evaluated by measuring the plasma CK value and ischemic score. Chronic angiogenesis was evaluated by microangiography and with a non-contact type Doppler blood flowmeter on day 3. Compared with the Wild group (251 ± 34.7 IU/l), the CK value was significantly elevated in the iNOS-KO (497 ± 126.7 IU/l) and Wild + AG (587.2 ± 128.7 IU/l) groups. The ischemic score was significantly increased in the iNOS-KO (92%) and Wild ± AG (66.6%) groups compared with the Wild group (23%). Blood flow was significantly increased in the iNOS-KO group (58.7 ± 15.3%) compared with the Wild (38.1 ± 15.9%) and Wild ± AG (43.5 ± 9.8%) groups in the chronic stage. Microangiography revealed a significantly increased number of blood vessels in the iNOS-KO (0.29 ± 0.02) group compared with the Wild (0.12 ± 0.01) and Wild + AG (0.15 ± 0.02) groups. Our findings indicate that NO generated by iNOS has a biphasic action, reducing acute ischemic injury and inhibiting angiogenesis in the chronic stage.


In an example, the globe comprising: a front end face; a skirt portion, the skirt portion extending from the front end surface, wherein the skirt portion includes a heat sink; and an extension arm, the extension arm connected to the front surface or the skirt portion. One precursor lamp cover assembly may include: a reflector and shade.


Acinic cell adenocarcinoma of submandibular gland is rare incidence. The author has report a case of 60 years old man with right submandibular mass which grow up for 1 year. The patient received total resection of submandibular gland c radical neck disscetion and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. The pathologic result is acinic  cell adenocarcinoma result is good and 6 months follow up no recurrent was found


This paper proposes a new optimization tool based on the cross-entropy (CE) method to assess security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) solutions. First, the corresponding SCOPF stochastic problem is defined so that the optimum solution is interpreted as a rare event to be reached by a random search. Second, the CE method solves this new problem efficiently by making adaptive changes to the probability density function according to the Kullback–Leibler distance, creating a sequence of density functions that guides the search in the direction of the theoretically degenerate density at the optimal point. Different types of density functions are tested in order to cope with discrete variables present in the SCOPF problem. Two test systems, namely the IEEE 57 bus and the IEEE 300 bus, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of solution quality and computational effort. Comparisons carried out with reference algorithms in the literature demonstrate that the CE method is capable of finding better solutions for the SCOPF problem with fewer evaluations.


Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy was introduced more than two decades ago, adoption rates are generally low, accounting for less than 10% of 28 771 lobectomies in a recent study from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database [1] and less than 5% in the French national registry of 26 089 patients [2]. High-volume centres, however, do exist in many countries, but few have implemented VATS to the extent of that of the authors of the present manuscript [3]. They performed more than 5000 VATS anatomical resections during the 11-month study period. The majority of their VATS procedures were uniportal by the conventional intercostal approach, which in itself is a relatively new technique developed by one of the co-authors less than 5 years ago [4], and which is much less adopted than multiport VATS. The authors claim that uniportal VATS is less painful than multiport VATS, but this assumption rests on weak evidence from small non-randomized trials [5], and the most recent review concluded that 'although uniportal access may offer improved pain scores, the current evidence reveals no differences in most postoperative outcomes between uniportal and multiport approaches to VATS' [6]. In fact, the level of evidence for the widespread assumption that VATS is superior compared with thoracotomy is also low despite thousands of papers on VATS in the literature. The problem is that the vast majority of papers are simple case-series and that all but a very few comparative studies were non-randomized and therefore suffered from selection bias for reasons not specified, but they often differed significantly regarding disease stages, surgeons and/or time periods. Recently, however, data from a blinded randomized trial demonstrated that VATS is the better option for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer because of reduced pain and better quality of life during the first 12 postoperative months [7]. Whether this advantage is further improved by reducing the number of portholes remains to be investigated. In the present study, the authors used uniportal subxiphoid VATS, an even newer approach, in an attempt to decrease pain that is still seen with conventional uniportal VATS. That question remains unanswered in the present study because there was no control group operated on by a different approach. It is a feasibility study and their conclusion is that uniportal subxiphoid VATS is feasible and safe. One should, however, be aware that technical difficulties or major bleeding led to conversion in 7% despite carefully selected patients who were operated on by some of the most experienced and skilful VATS surgeons on the planet. It is questionable if this new approach would also be safe in the hands of low-volume thoracic surgeons. In addition, the uniportal subxiphoid approach described requires division of the rectus abdominis muscle as well as resection of the xiphoid process, and that could potentially counteract any pain advantages gained from not injuring the intercostal nerves. Previously, others have used a subxiphoid incision in multiport VATS [8] but have since abandoned it because of pain problems. Finally, and most importantly, complete lymphadenectomy in the subcarinal station may be compromised, which is clearly stated in the paper. The authors of the present manuscript are to be commended for their pursuit and development of newer and potentially better ways to perform advanced VATS resections. However, we need data from large comparative studies and preferably randomized trials before we can make any conclusions which VATS approach is superior. In the future, the thoracic surgery community should improve research collaborations across geographical borders and political barriers and start to recruit patients into common large multicentre trials.


Observed data on the longitudinal component of magnetic field in six solar active regions, obtained in Huairou Solar Observing Station of National Astronomical Observatories of China, were analyzed. On the base of this analysis the investigation of magnetic field structure on various levels of magnetic intensity has been carried out. The results of the exploration are presented in this report. The parameters, quantitatively characterizing a structure and imbalance for any given magnetic intensity have been introduced. It is shown that both the structural properties and imbalance could differ heavily for various magnetic intensities in the same active region. The diagrams of structure parameters and imbalance variation as functions of magnetic intensity for the six active regions are plotted.


A n+-GaAs/p+-In0.49Ga0.51P/n-GaAs camel-like gate structure has been applied to fabricate high-performance transistors. The studied heterostructure field-effect transistor exhibits a large barrier height, high breakdown voltage, low leakage current, and good temperature-dependent characteristics. Experimentally, for a 1×100 μm2 device, the gate-drain breakdown voltage and gate leakage current are 52 (31.5) V, and 37 μ A/mm (3.5 mA/mm) at the gate-drain voltage of 40 V, respectively, at the temperature of 300 (480) K. In addition, the high drain-source operation voltage over 20 V with low leakage current is obtained.


Coverage analysis is a foundation computation analysis of space missions, which calculates figures of merits and visible periods of the spacecraft. Conventional analysis algorithms are computationally efficient but lack universality because they deal specifically with particular conditions of special orbits and specific objects. In this study, a coverage analysis tool that rectifies this state of affairs was developed using a plugin. The developed tool decouples coverage calculation from orbit propagation and thereby facilitates efficiency, universality, and flexibility. Orbit propagation is carried out using the independently developed astrodynamics simulation software AstroSim, and coverage calculation is achieved via the analysis plugin tool. This paper discusses the development of the coverage analysis tool based on the objectoriented AstroSim software and Qt, and explains the key technologies used in the coverage tool design from three aspects: platform architecture, plugin interface, and implementation. The designed tool can investigate measurement parameters and access periods of various objects (such as satellites, sensors, and facilities) and orbits, and can also calculate their related statistical figure of merit.


Twenty-five years of research on predicting properties are reviewed on the basis of projects resulting in the ongoing American Petroleum Institute's Technical Data Book - Petroleum Refining and the AIChE-DIPPR's Data Prediction Manual and Data Compilation. While methods at this time are accurate for some properties and certain classes of compounds and their mixtures, very little improvement is evident for other properties. While many weaknesses are directly attributable to a paucity of data available for deriving prediction methods, complexity of certain molecules and their interactions have yet defied development of useful prediction techniques. Properties to be discussed will be limited to liquids and vapors and will include basic thermophysical properties, derived thermal and equilibrium properties, and transport properties. Results from evaluation of predictive methods against experimental data will be used for assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current methods. Suggestions for data necessa...


There are many medical demands that still need to be resolved for prostate cancer (PCa), including better diagnosis and predictive medicine. For this to be accomplished, diverse medical data need to be integrated with the development of intelligent software (SW) based on various types of medical data. Various types of information technology have been used to address these medical demands of PCa. We initiated the PROstate Medical Intelligence System Enterprise-Clinical, Imaging, and Pathology (PROMISE CLIP) and a multicenter, big data study to develop PCa SW for patients with PCa and clinicians. We integrated the clinical data of 7257 patients, 610 patients' imaging data, and 39,000 cores of pathology digital scanning data from four tertiary hospitals in South Korea. We developed the PROMISE CLIP registry based on integrated clinical, imaging, and pathology data. Related intelligent SW has been developed for helping patients and clinicians decide on the best treatment option. The PROMISE CLIP study directs guidelines for intelligent SW development to solve medical demands for PCa. The PROMISE CLIP registry plays an important role in advancing PCa research and care.


Conversion-type metal fluoride cathodes are considered promising candidates for electrochemical applications owing to their large specific capacities and high operating voltages.


In some patients with cancer, subacute onset of a cerebellar syndrome can be due to paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). PCD is most commonly associated with ovarian or breast tumours in women seropositive for anti-Yo antibodies. Here we report the case of a male patient with a subacute cerebellar and motor neurone syndrome associated with anti-Yo antibodies related to a prostatic adenocarcinoma. This 75-year-old man was admitted for a subacute onset of imbalance. On clinical examination, he was dysarthric. There was a nystagmus in the left lateral gaze. Muscular strength was normal in all four limbs, but all deep tendon reflexes were exaggerated with bilateral Babinski sign. He had lower limb fasciculations. There was cerebellar ataxia in all four limbs. There was bilateral finger-to-nose and heel-to-toe ataxia. Gait showed spastic and ataxic features. Biological workup (including vitamins A, E, B1 and B6, viral serologies and CSF analysis) was unremarkable, except for elevated PSA at 9.84 μg/L and positive anti-Yo antibodies on serum in immunoblot (Ravo, Freiburg, Germany). AntiYo antibodies were negative by immunofluorescence on monkey cerebrum–cerebellum (Inova Diagnostic Werfen Group, San Diego, California, United States). The positivity of anti-Yo antibodies was confirmed on serum by another immunoblot (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany) (Figure 1). Spinal cord MRI was normal. Brain MRI showed mild vermian cerebellar atrophy. Nerve conduction study showed a purely motor axonal neuropathy in the lower limbs with active denervation in electromyography. On the thoracic abdominal–pelvic CT scan, prostate volume was increased, with enlarged pelvic lymph nodes. Prostatic MRI showed, in addition to a prostatic adenoma, a right posterolateral T2 hypointensity. PET scan disclosed hypermetabolic fixation of the right prostatic lobe. Prostatic biopsies were positive for prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 3+4). Indirect immunofluorescence imaging (IFI) was performed on the patient's biopsies, using a negative control, a positive anti-Yo serum (Inova), the patient's serum and sera from patients with anti-Yo autoantibodies. The reaction was revealed by anti-IgG fluorescein-labelled antibodies. With all the anti-Yo positive sera, IFI showed apical glandular and focal cytoplasmic abnormal fluorescence (Figure 2). The patient was initially treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and once prostatic cancer was diagnosed, he underwent prostatic radiation therapy, with continuation of IVIg. At one year, his neurological condition was slightly improved (partial improvement of his gait) and the prostatic cancer was in remission (PSA 1.06 μg/L). PCD is almost exclusively reported in women with gynaecological tumours. Even though few cases of PCD associated with other cancers are reported in the literature, it is a very uncommon condition, especially in males. We report here the first case of PCD with anti-Yo antibodies associated with a prostatic adenocarcinoma, with Yo Ag expression confirmed on prostatic biopsies performed in a living patient. Our patient's clinical presentation was uncommon because of the association to upper and lower motor neurone disorder. Paraneoplastic motor neurone syndromes are very uncommon, most cases being reported with anti-Hu antibodies and rarely with anti-Yo or anti-Ri antibodies. There are only two cases of motor neurone syndrome (either upper or lower) related to anti-Yo antibodies reported in detail in the literature. Both of these patients had no cerebellar symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) include a wide range of clinical symptoms associated with cancer. Most of them are distinctly recognized, but some are still difficult to categorise as a result of their overlap. Our case underlies the diversity, complexity and wide spectrum of features in a PNS. Immunochemistry analysis of the tumour tissue allowed us to establish a clear link between neurological symptoms and prostatic adenocarcinoma, which was all the more relevant as it allowed us to adapt our therapeutic strategy. Indeed, due to the rarity of anti-Yo PNS associated with prostatic cancer, in the absence of such a confirmation, we would have recommended annual PET scan followups, looking for another cancer. Anti-Yo PCD associated with motor neurone syndrome is a very rare condition. This case underscores the importance of broad cancer screening in patients presenting with anti-Yo antibody syndrome, which in males may include PSA and prostatic investigations. Due to the rarity of the association, neurologists should ask for immunochemistry analysis of prostatic biopsies, Figure 1: Immunoblot results for Anti-Yo antibodies. (A) Dot (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany) results with patient serum (see the black horizontal line at the Yo level). (B) Dot (Ravo, Freiburg, Germany) results (control in B1 and patient in B2).


The intercalation of metals within carbon nanotube structures has extended the potential applications of these materials to possible quantum memory elements as well as high density magnetic storage media. In our study we use methodologies based on wet chemistry and solid state physical (excimer laser) processes to incorporate silver nanoparticles in single and multiwall carbon nanotubes. We show high resolution TEM as evidence for the formation of very long ( ∼ 100–150 nm) silver quantum wires within SWCNT, and their properties are probed using various analytical techniques. The variation of the silver intercalated nanotube percentage and yield are compared for the SW‐ and MW‐CNTs, when using wet chemistry versus physical processes.


The article depicts generalized procedure for solving assignment problem with constructive constraints, including data preparing procedure for matrix of effectiveness forming. Variants of problem solving algorithms are offered. Algorithm time complexity is analysed


Dispersal and deposition of pollen of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was estimated by using CALPUFF, a complex model originally developed to simulate dispersal of particulates and other air pollutants. In fi eld experiments, peak pollen emission rates (8 × 10 6 pollen grains per min per m 2 of a creeping bentgrass stand) occurred between 1000 and 1200 h. Pollen survival under outdoor conditions decreased exponentially with time, and only 1% survived for 2 h. CALPUFF simulations showed deposition of 100,000 viable pollen grains per m 2 at distances of 2 to 3 km from the source fi eld, and deposition of one pollen grain per 10 m 2 at distances of 4.6 to 6.7 km from the source fi eld. Pattern of simulated deposition varied with weather conditions and, to a lesser extent, source fi eld size. Simulation of dispersal by a small thermal vortex produced deposition of one grain per 10 m 2 at 15.3 km from the source fi eld. Overall, the deposition modeling results suggest that pollen-mediated gene fl ow is likely at distances of 2 to 3 km from a source fi eld, and possible at distances up to 15 km.


Current-controlled inverters are required to have a quick current response in transient state and a low-harmonic current content in steady state. However, in general, both requirements contradict each other. The authors propose a novel control scheme which is based on the current deviation vector and satisfies both the above mentioned requirements. The features of the control scheme are: (1) The control circuit configuration is simple when compared to the conventional one. (2) As it is independent of any constant in the load- side, it can be used to wide applications. (3) It is able to keep the average switching frequency constant and to suppress the harmonic current content within a low value. (4) It has quick current response characteristics in transient state. The novel current control scheme was verified by experiments using a permanent magnet synchronous motor servo-system. Satisfactory results were shown.


Abstract Only recently have researchers recognized that the qualities that are considered desirable in a short-term sexual partner may differ from those sought in a long-term marriage partner. To investigate this hypothesis, and to explore gender differences in what are considered to be sexually as opposed to maritally desirable characteristics, 70 men and women ranked a set of 23 characteristics in terms of desirability in a potential sexual and marriage partner. As hypothesized, results revealed that both men and women preferred a physically attractive potential sexual partner, and women showed no more preference than did men for a socially or financially powerful potential sexual partner. Also as predicted, men more than women preferred a physically attractive marriage partner; unexpectedly, women did not find such characteristics as social or financial power and a college degree as more desirable in a prospective spouse than did men.


In future wireless systems, radio resources, i.e., radio spectrum or bandwidth, will become more and more precious and scarce, driving radio resource management (RRM) schemes towards greater efficiency. At the same time, high user mobility with ever smaller cellular architectures and a hierarchical cellular system will result in increased handoff. An admission control (AC) scheme is a key part of RRM and it is vital that it deals reasonably with the potential load and handoff, prevents congestion and efficiently utilizes radio resources while guaranteeing the required QoS of current connections. A predictive admission control scheme is proposed which is a promising way to realize broadband access in a wireless communication system effectively. According to its structure, it is easy to work cooperatively with other RRM functions. In fact, its survival priorities can also be provided to decide the packet priorities by packet scheduling. It greatly improves the radio resource utilization ratio and reduces the handoff dropping probability while the total computational complexity is not very high. The unique problem may be that wireless systems should have a priori knowledge about user mobility and length of calls.


The invention provides a field effect transistor FET structure. In some embodiments, the FET structure comprises a heterostructure, and a gate structure. The heterostructure comprises a first section, a barrier section and a second section such that a portion of the first section, the barrier section, and a portion of the second section form a channel region, and portions of the first section and the second section on opposite sides of the channel region form at least portions of source and drain regions, respectively. When the channel region is p type, the barrier section has a positive valence band offset with respect to each of the first section and the second section, or when the channel region is n type, the barrier section has a positive conduction band offset with respect to each of the first section and the second section. A gate structure is configured over the channel region.


The Customary Land Management Office (CLMO) was formed in late 2013 in response to new legislation for determining the Indigenous custom owners of the land in Vanuatu. The CLMO is responsible for Indigenous custom owner determinations throughout the country, and these ownership determinations are sought by both custom owners and by prospective lessees who wish to negotiate leases over land. After five years of operation, a review of CLMO activities is timely. This policy outlook analyses CLMO activities over the last five years and outlines its plans moving forward.


This paper briefly analyzed characteristic and main types of small-scale distributed co-generation, it also introduced the state of art at home and abroad and made some suggestion.


Current models of axon guidance within the central nervous system (CNS) involve the presentation of environmental cues to navigating growth cones. The surrounding and target tissues present a variety of ligands that either restrict or promote growth, thus providing pathfinding instructions to developing axons. Recent findings show that RGMb, a GPI anchored extracellular protein present on retinal ganglion cells, down‐regulates Wnt3a signaling by lowering LRP5 levels at the membrane surface. When RGMb is phosphorylated by the extracellular tyrosine kinase VLK, phosphorylated RGMb (p‐RGMb) is internalized and carries LRP5 towards intracellular compartments. In the eye, a dorsal‐high ventral‐low gradient of VLK generates a dorsal‐low ventral‐high gradient of LRP5 that modulates Wnt3a signaling. These molecules, which are all expressed by individual RGCs, generate Wnt‐signal gradients along the dorso‐ventral axis of the retina, resulting in differential axon growth which in turn regulates proper retino‐tectal/collicular map formation. This pathway represents a regulatory mechanism whereby extracellular phosphorylation generates what may be the first example of a unique self‐guiding mechanism that affects neuronal‐target connections independent of paracrine signals from the surrounding target tissue.


Background: In woman with Coagulation disorder, spontaneous massive hemoperitoneum is a lethal Complication.
Woman with Factor X (Stuart Prower) factor deficiency and von Willebrand disease are particularly prone for massive
hemoperitoneum, which most of the times will be serious and life threatening, if not managed appropriately.
Description: We report on a 25 year unmarried woman, with Factor X deficiency who presented to us with a massive
Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum. This patient in the past (2016 )have undergone an Exploratory Laparotomy , for similar
presentation, in our Institution by a team of Surgeons & Gynaecologist with ligation of bleeding region in the left Ovary.
Conclusion: Multimodality approach (as in Oncology) will be the Management Protocol in the future for this life
threatening condition, with the Surgical faculty incorporating the developing specialities such as Intervention Radiology
and Applied Hematology.


This paper explores how information and communication technologies (ICTs) were used to support deep learning in some of the modules on the Master of Arts in E-Learning Design and Development at the University of Limerick. This paper describes how the author used ICTs, as well as online teaching and learning theories, to improve the learning experience for on-campus students undertaking certain project-based learning (PBL) activities. Examples of students' online computer-mediated communication (CMC) postings, as well as extracts from online reflective journals and written reports, show how a sample of former students benefited from using ICTs


Forensic odontology is one branch of forensic science that plays a role in the process of individual identification. Cases that often require a review from the perspective of forensic odontology are bitemark cases. Bitemark cases are often found in acts of violence or sexual violence, both to the victim and to the suspect. However, today bitemark analysis often experiences problems due to the many distortions that can occur. For this reason, it is important to know the pathobiology of bitemark in the healing process because by doing this analysis, it can be estimated when the bitemark is carried out, so that it can lead to an adequate identification process. This manuscript is a preliminary text for research on the pathobiology of post-bite tissue carried out.


Optical mode switching between two adjacent modes separated by 1 nm in a two-electrode DFB laser was observed. The switching time between these two modes, limited by the laser structure, was less than 550 ps. Using this optical mode switching, a transmission system up to 2 Gbit/s with a new type of modulation called wavelength shift keying* has been demonstrated. each. The rear electrode of the laser was matched with a 47 Ω resistor. At the receiving end, a solid FabryPerot interferometer (FP) was inserted before a high speed PIN photodiode and used as a tunable optical filter. The FP optical filter has a 320 GHz FreeSpectral-Range (FSR) and a finesse of 50. An optical spectrum analyser with 0.1 nm resolution was used to observe the spectral output of the two-electrode DFB laser.


This paper deals with the assay requirements and the method of plane. Wave quantity of the plate working surface according to the National Standards of 'cast iron plate' and 'rock plate', derives in detail, the detecting principle of plane wave detector and gives out the relationship between the partial plane error and the partial defect of the plate and the plane wave quantity. It also inquires into the relationship between the contact spot and 200 mm straight line wave and plane wave quantity.


Effect of precipitation enhancement operations has already been proved by numerous artificial precipitation experiments in China and abroad,artificial precipitation has been popularized in China. This paper analyzed performances of catalytic agents in precipitation enhancement operations,explored the influence of AgI,a commonly-used catalytic agent,on ecological environment,influence of artificial precipitation on the lower reaches,and also impact of fragments of artificial rain shells and rocket bombs on environment. According to data analysis,artificial precipitation can improve ecological environment effectively,catalytic agents will not cause environmental pollution,artificial precipitation in the upper reaches will not influence rainfall in the lower reaches. Artificial precipitation should be fully used to develop aerial water resources and relieve shortage of water resources on the earth.


ABSTRACT Research on schema theory and the psycholinguistic perspectives of reading suggest that the measures of readability currently used on second language tests be reconsidered. Because foreign language readers, especially in the early stages of language learning, often do not have the necessary schema or background knowledge, teachers should include schema-inducing methods to prepare students for reading in a foreign language. The standards of what is readable and judgments as to what is understandable should always be relative to a particular instructional setting. Using traditional methods to measure readability is undesirable for foreign language reading because of students' insufficient linguistic and cultural background information. With the current knowledge of the factors interacting during the reading process, artificial and arbitrary means for classifying materials should be avoided. (MSE)


The reactions of 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)-cis-tetraoxadecalin (TOD) 3 with ethane-1,2-dithiol 4 (1,2-ethylenethioglycol, ETG) and the higher PETGs in Cs2CO3 promoted processes result in new polythiamacrocycles, having PETG bridges on or between cis-TOD crown systems in the ETG∶TOD ratios; 1∶1 (7), 2∶1 (17) and 3∶1 (18), as well as the unique 2∶2 (meso- and rac-8), 3∶3 (9) and 4∶4 (10) systems; 7 and 8 have been structurally (X-ray) analyzed. An important new observation and caveat: ETG undergoes a base (Cs2CO3, etc.) promoted oligo- and poly-merization process.


We propose a circuit module for amplifying the fluorescence signal which has been collected in the detector, and we can use this module to remove the environment perturbation imposed on the atomic clock and eventually it could improve the stability of the atomic clock. We have detailed the scheme of the circuit module and then we described the function of each part. We measure the frequency stability of our engineering model, the optically pumped cesium beam atomic clock, equipped with this circuit module, and the experiment result of this engineering model is comparable with the 5071A(Standard).


Many course providers in a variety of fields have chosen to include a required reflective practice assignment for purposes of instilling a spirit of professional development. However, the very notion of forced and evaluated self‐exploration raises certain moral and practical issues that cannot be avoided. Relying on recent research at a Trinity College London TESOL certificate course where course participants were required to complete a teaching practice journal, this article examines the problematic nature of required reflective practice, namely, that requiring individuals to be open and honest in the context of assessment tends to provoke strategic response and often hostility. These reactions, documented in other research as well, point to an underlying problem with any required reflection that has serious implications for teacher education as well as any other field that employs forced reflection.


This article explores the possibility of new designs for lighter trains. The weight of modern rolling stock is being investigated by engineers and manufacturers, especially since the recent rail incident at Hatfield was shown to be caused by a cracked rail. Also, an Office of Rail Regulation report suggests that wear and tear of lines is increased by the latest generation of carriages. A working group set up to look at issues surrounding weight reduction for trains is investigating possible options - from alternative systems to the relocation of equipment on trains. In order to reduce weight the whole design could be changed and carriages could be adapted to deepen and thereby stiffen the train body. Adopting integral rather than modular designs could also help to reduce weight and running costs.


Previously we have already proposed the method of analytical response for one degree of freedom and for modeling rubber vibration isolator used in automobiles as a spring. In this paper, we describe a method of analytical response for two degrees of freedom as the first step to apply a multiple-degree-of-freedom system. This method expands the method based on an equivalent linear system using the restoring force model of power function type (PFT-ELS) which was thought to be easily applicable to a multiple-degree-of-freedom system. Using this method we determine the predominant frequency of the relative displacement of the rubber itself by using a period on each one of the hysteresis loops in relation to frequency and amplitude of response displacement. We carried out an experiment on vertical vibration when the vibration system was acted upon by random external force. We were able to verify the appropriateness and accuracy of this method by directly comparing the analytical results with the experimental results for the dynamic response of a system.


The emergence and development of Mural painting in tomb of Han Dynasty in Changan and Luoyang are not autonomous and isolated.In this process it is in fact affected and conditioned in every historical stage of the Han Dynasty by the objective conditions.These objective history conditions can be summarized as follows: the development and changes of the political and economic conditions in the Han Dynasty society,the changes of tomb shapes in Han Dynasty,the prosperity of art of painting in Han Dynasty painting and so on.


Abstract In all instances where the mail questionnaire is used, one must be prepared to deal with the problem of bias due to nonresponse. Attention is given to two aspects of the problem: (1) maximizing response by every possible means in order to cut down the size of the non-respondent group whose characteristics and attitudes are unknown; and (2) making allowances or corrections for any bias that may exist in the incomplete returns. In mail follow-ups of veterans who had not responded to the initial questionnaire, personalized salutation and true signature did not lead to significant increases over nonpersonalized forms in rate of response, but the use of special delivery letters markedly increased returns. A multiphasic survey, covering several potentially interesting topics, yielded higher rates of response than a single subject survey of the same population, and also greatly lessened an interest bias in response. Successive waves of response may give an informal basis for estimating bias among those ...


An evaluation report into an 18 month trial of Australia's first medically supervised injecting centre has cleared the way for the continuation of the $A2.4m (£1m; $US1.6m; €1.4m) a year project.

The 233 page evaluation found that from May 2001 to October 2002, 3810 registered individuals made 56861 visits to the centre. A total of 409 incidents of drug overdose were recorded—including 329 from heroin and 60 from cocaine—though none were fatal.

The report estimates that at least four lives were saved as a result of the proximity of users to medical staff. …


The present invention relates to the field of textile production, and regards to development a new type of product, amber composite fibers, with optimized content of technologically processed amber, whose particles are evenly dispersed in the matrix of the thermoplastic polymer and/or contents additional components, threads with smooth surface, not provoke allergic reactions, thrombosis, reflecting UV rays and have biocompability with tissue. Developed amber composite fibers designed to expand the range of textile materials, as well applicable as a preventive material for various skin changes, including promoting the improvement of the skin condition in the presence of diabetes and for the production of textile for surgical purposes.˙


In June 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the patents on BRCA1 and BRCA2 held by Myriad were not valid because human genes are products of nature and therefore not patentable. The authors discuss the implications of this long-awaited decision.


Introduction: Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis (IAS) is the commonest type of scoliosis without any known cause. There has been studies in different countries and population on IAS; and its prevalence rate varies for different population. There has been no reported study done in Nepal on prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to detect and evaluate the prevalence of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis in school children in different parts of Nepal. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at five schools from different geographical parts of Nepal, from January 2010 to December 2010. Scoliosis screening was done in 5 schools from different geographical locations of Nepal. Children (from grade 6 to 10; age more than 10 years) with positive Adam's forward bending test and scoliometer angle of 5 degrees or more were subjected for radiographic evaluation of the spine. The criterion for the diagnosis of scoliosis was detection of Cobb's angle of more than 10 degrees. Evaluation of scoliosis according to the age, gender, ethnic group, spinal region and magnitude of curve was done. Results: Out of 1094 children screened, 31 (2.83%) were referred for radiological evaluation; and 12 of them had lateral spinal curvature of more than 10 degrees. Hence the prevalence of scoliosis was 1.09%. The girl to boy ratio of distribution of scoliosis was 3:1 for larger curves of more than 20 degrees. Maximum number of scoliosis cases was seen in girls of 13 years, and the right sided thoracic scoliosis was most common. There is no ethnic predominance of scoliosis. Conclusion: Prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among school children who need treatment in Nepal is low; however, school screening program has its epidemiological value. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i2.9514 NOAJ July-December 2013, Vol 3, Issue 2, 14-19


Objective To investigate the value of preoperative pulmonary function in predicting postoperative pulmonary complications and respiratory function following esophagectomy and intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia.Methods Routine respiratory ventilation function were performed in 26 patients with esophagus-cardiac carcinoma.Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPC)in 26 patients within 1 month of carcinoma resection was observed. Analyze the pulmonary function testing parameters synthetically,assessing the tolerance of lung resection and PPC.Results PPC developed in 8 patients(29.2%);There were significant differences in pulmonary function parameters,such as FVC、FVC%pred、FEV1 and MVV between those without complications and those who experienced complications;Patients with preoperative FVC2.0 L or Patients with preoperative FVC60%pred had 100% morbidity of PPC;patients with preoperative FEV1 1.5 L had 75% morbidity of PPC;or MVV%50 L had 100% morbidity of PPC.There were no significant differences in age between those who did and those who did not experience complications.Conclusion Preoperative pulmonary function could assess tolerance and complication happening of esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy for esophagus-cardiac carcinoma.Severe impairment in respiratory ventilation function was correlated with a high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.


This PPT sums up Chapter two of Dann (1996). This is intergrated by more linguistic notions on the Appraisal system, Engagement and the Transitivity analysis. Specific references can be found on the last slide


Through investigation on farmer, company and relevant bureau of local government, an analysis was made on organizational evolution of flower industrial cluster with induction and statistical methods. The research indicated that the organizational scale and structure had been unceasingly evolved during the process that such industrial cluster had formed. In recent years, the industrial cluster has been challenged in its sustainable development, and then it slows down with decreasing business income. The challenge not only resulted from declined growth in market demand, rising factor price and other external environmental factors, but also was relevant to organizational structure of cluster, quality of product, innovative capability and other internal factors. Therefore, in order to maintain sustainable competitive advantages, the flower industrial cluster needs to implement innovation incentive strategy and update organizational structure, production mode and quality of product.


A genealogy of the concept of obscenity is conducted through a case study of John Cleland's novel, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (1748-1749), popularly known as Fanny Hill. Analytic attention is focused on events (i.e. given moments in history characterized by struggle), discourses (i.e. systems of knowledge), and practices (i.e. institutional procedures), all of which are interrelated, and problematizes them with a moral regulation interpretive framework. This dissertation considers how Fanny Hill was (re)problematized as obscene through historically specific discursive practices, and how these discursive practices, conceived as the exercise of power in conjunction with systems of knowledge or as projects of moral regulation, had effects on the constitution of subjectivities and social orders. Further, this dissertation problematizes the ways that these discourses, practices and effects – particularly those pertaining to harm – continue into the present.


On the basis of analyzing the current problems of human resources in China's power enterprise,this thesis combined with four aspects of the establishment of human resource overall objective,creation of talent flow mechanism,construction of professinals and implementation strategy for the core staff,expouneded the approach of building human capital advantages.Then it focuses on researching talent flow mechanism analytical framework and core staff strategy.Finally,it analyzes the problems of building human capital advantage based on employment mechanism,incentive mechanism and personnel quality training.


A plastic alloy is prepared from biphenol-type polycarbonate, the atactic styrene-maleic acid anhydride copolymer, thermoplastic elastomer, antioxidizing agent and glass fibre. Its advantages are high antiageing performance, high high-temp resistance and high impact strength.


In matrix analysis, the scaling technique reduces the chances of an ill-conditioning of the matrix. This article proposes a one-parameter scaling memoryless Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DFP) algorithm for solving a system of monotone nonlinear equations with convex constraints. The measure function that involves all the eigenvalues of the memoryless DFP matrix is minimized to obtain the scaling parameter's optimal value. The resulting algorithm is matrix and derivative-free with low memory requirements and is globally convergent under some mild conditions. A numerical comparison showed that the algorithm is efficient in terms of the number of iterations, function evaluations, and CPU time. The performance of the algorithm is further illustrated by solving problems arising from image restoration.


The kinetics of oxidation of chalcones by quinaldinium fluorochromate has been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of perchloric acid. The order of the reaction is found to be one with respect to oxidant and hydrogen ion. The order with respect to substrate is found to be fractional. The reaction rates have been determined at different temperatures and the activation parameters calculated. Electron withdrawing substituents are found to enhance the rate of the reaction and electron releasing substituents are found to retard the rate of the reaction and the rate data obeys the Hammett relationship. From the observed kinetic results a probable mechanism has been proposed.


Background: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) save lives, but the defibrillation shocks delivered by these devices produce substantial pain, presumably due to skeletal muscle activation. In this study, we tested an electrode system composed of epicardial panels designed to shield skeletal muscles from internal defibrillation, but allow penetration of an external electric field to enable external defibrillation when required.


The purpose ofthis study was to empirically corroborate the hypothesis of Campos and Izard that the organized quality of infant emotion functions as a predominant means of communication during infancy. The study was designed to determine whether 6-month-old infants' facial expressions of emotion "systematically co-occur" with specific behaviors to form coherent affective action configurations. Participants were 50 mother-infant dyads who were videotaped during face-to-face interactions. Infants' facial expressions of emotion were coded using Izard's AFFEX system. Infants' behavior was coded for social engagement, object engagement, signals and solicitations, distress behaviors, and self-comforting. Four affective action configurations were identified. Each was characterized by particular behaviors in association with a particular facial expression. Configurations were coherently organized and significantly different from each other. These results support Campos and Izard's hypothesis. It is suggested that the affective action configurations convey different messages regarding the infants' emotional states and engagement with people and objects. Furthermore, it is suggested that the use of traditional emotional terms to label these affective action configurations may be misleading and limiting. (Author/RH) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. U.S. CEPARTMENT OF EDU&ATICar Once 01 Eaucahonai Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI XTtits, document has been reproduced as recewea from the person or organaaven ectvnalng It 0 Minor changes nave been made to Improve reproduchon guahry Pomts ot ...es*, or opuhons stated in thIsdOCu. ment do not neCessaray represent Whoa' OERI Oosthon or policy FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION AND SOCIAL AND OBJECT ORIENTED BEHAVIOR ARE SPECIFICALLY RELATED IN 6-MONTH-OLD INFANTS. M. Katherine Weinberg Andrew F. Gianino Edward Z. Tronick University of Massachusetts Department of Psychology Amherst, MA. 01003 TI.111 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY VC1q. C\1 tA) C2la ko TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." resi 0 Crl Presented at the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) pullbiennial convention, April 27-30, 1989, Kansas City, Missouri. The research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BNS 85-06987) awarded to Edward Z. Tronick.


Semiconductor doped glasses containing CdSxSe1−x nanocrystallites embedded in a silicate glass matrix were investigated. The dimensions of the nanocrystallites are in the range of a few nanometers and vary as a function of a secondary heat treatment. The confinement of such quantum dots for elementary excitations depends strongly on their size. In order to obtain a mean particle size and the size distribution, anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) and low-frequency inelastic Raman scattering measurements were performed. The sizes and the size distributions were evaluated for samples of different mean crystallite radius and composition x. The results of Raman measurements agree well with those of ASAXS, if both the acoustic mode damping across the nanocrystallite–matrix interface and the particle size distribution are taken into account in the Raman band shape analysis. The concentration of nanocrystallites in the glass matrix was determined by using the technique of contrast variation. Scattering...


The flow condition of the diversion tunnel with steep slope is more complicated than that of a gentle slope.The free surface flow and pressured flow alternate in the vortex section in the inlet and the tunnel section and the problem of energy dissipation and erosion prevention are serious.Taking the diversion tunnel of Murum Hydropower Station in Malaysia as an example,combining with the hydraulic model,the cross section form of the tunnel,body type of the inlet and outlet,the bottom slope connection form and energy dissipation and erosion prevention forms in the inlet and outlet were studied.In the view of structural design,the influence of the above hydraulic problems on the diversion tunnel was eliminated,so the operation safety of the diversion tunnel was ensured.


FDI is of growing importance to global economic growth. FDI from investors in developed areas like EU and US provide funding and expertise to help smaller companies in these emerging markets to expand and increase international sales. Due to FDI, the competitive and reform force have led to the emergence of internet, e-banking, ATMs, credit cards and mobile banking too, to let banks attract and retain customers. This apart retail lending has emerged as another major opportunity for banks. This paper briefly discusses the role of FDI in Indian Banking sector and also recognizes that FDI in Banking can address several issues pertaining to the sector such as encouraging development of innovative financial products, improving the efficiency of banking sector and better ability to adapt to changing financial market conditions.


A study was carried out on the effect of the substrate on the accumulation of nitrates by vegetable products. It was revealed that the intensity of accumulation depends on the method of application and the origin of the fertilizer, but to a greater extent - on the species characteristics of crops: some crops do not accumulate excess nitrates even when fertilizing (carrots, spinach), while others intensively accumulate them when grown in unenriched soil (beets, zucchini, parsley). Even with the rational use of fertilizers on a substrate with organic fertilizer, an excess of the permissible norm was found in potato tubers, beet roots, parsley and dill leaves, onion bulbs, zucchini fruits, and on a substrate with fertilizer of mineral origin - in beet roots, onion bulbs, zucchini fruits, parsley and lettuce leaves, which indicates the need to strengthen control over the content of this contaminant in vegetable products.


mummy studies, as well as that of physical and forensic anthropology. For me, the sight of his cheerful visage, signature bolo ties, enthusiastic greetings, and a hug from Mary always heralded the start of a great conference and lively discussions about subjects ranging from the rate of fly infestations in corpses, to ethics of autopsies, to music. Art was very much a Minnesota man. He was born on 9th September, 1922 in New Ulm, he attended St. Olaf 's college, then medical school at the University of Minnesota, and ultimately taught in Minnesota, after a brief sojourn in Rochester (NY) and a stint in the army medical corps (1947-1949). He married a Minnesota woman, Mary (née Buryk) who was a nurse and a linguist and as daring and unconventional as Art. It is probably the Minnesota weather that helped inspire one of Art's more extraordinary adventures a trip to the North Pole (Plaisted Expedition) on snowmobiles. Being a glutton for punishment, he went there not once, but twice (1967 and 1968), facing down polar bears as well as the elements. He also spent three winters with the Inuit, channelling his inner anthropologist, an experience that served him well in his life as a palaeopathologist. Once mummies entered his life in the mid-1970s, due to Michael Zimmerman, Art did not restrict his adventures to cold places he went wherever there were bodies to be found, regardless of climate or conditions, with Mary frequently by his side. Thus, Art ex-


An income distribution in Islam uses an assumption that everything which
is either consumed or produced must not been contained by riba also get been not contamined by an obligation to pay zakat for a consumer and producer. At the other hand, when we examine further, accord to the context of Islam, the distribution put in front an assumption that a measurement is not based on the property only, but also based on the distribution of the humanity potential use. So that, the best way used in Islam (perceiving capitalism and social system) is handling a principle of a must for producing more also the property distribution. This aims if the property circulation will be increasing for finally, so that it will give an implication for a fair distribution between such society levels. Thus, hopefully the property will be spreading out to all communities.


It was shown by Syrovatskii [Sov. Phys. JETP 33, 933 (1971)] that a perfectly conducting two‐dimensional magnetic field stressed externally develops a current sheet at an X point. A generalization of this analysis shows that a generic three‐dimensional magnetic field develops a closed ribbon of current along separators already existing in the field. A separator is a field line that begins and ends at different magnetic null points. A current ribbon will occur if there are two distinct separators beginning and ending at the same two nulls, thus forming a loop. The magnetic field containing the current ribbon is in force‐free equilibrium. An expression is found for the net current induced in the ribbon, and the magnetic energy stored by it, in terms of the amount of external stress. An electric field parallel to the current will facilitate reconnection and will dissipate the current and release the stored energy.


The invention relates to a power supply line static protection circuit using gate-coupled MOSFET, wherein the gate potential of the MOSFET includes a reversing device and a defer time sequence control circuit. The invention uses a voltage-divider circuit formed by a pull-down assembly, when static electricity occurs, the grid potential of the MOSFET is limited to 1 to 2V.


This article aims to explore the potential of zakat in Bekasi. Zakat is viewed as "compulsory charity"; it is an obligation for those who have received their wealth from God to respond to those members of the community in need. Zakat must be paid on different categories of property — gold, silver, money; livestock; agricultural produce; and business commodities — and is payable each year after one year's possession. It requires an annual contribution of 2.5 percent of an individual's wealth and assets. As a buffer state capital, with a population of Bekasi 2.2 million has considerable economic potential zakat as an instrument for extracting local government in realizing its vision of "Leading The religious community in the field of Industry, Commerce, Agriculture and Tourism". Therefore, through qualitative analysis found that the agriculture, fisheries and marine; industrial sector which has 18 industrial areas consisting of large and medium industries, and small industries with a superior product, and trade and investment are affected by some type of effort required zakat maal. Based on the studies conducted, the potential of zakat in Bekasi district that can be assembled to achieve the range of Rp 80 billion to Rp 90 billion per year. The very large number if managed optimally.


The aim of this commentary is to discuss from a rehabilitation perspective the published Cochrane Review "Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents" by Fisher, Law, Dudeney, Eccleston, & Palermo, under the direct supervision of the Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group. This Cochrane Corner is produced by Cochrane Rehabilitation in agreement with PM&R.


Natural and purified single crystals of graphite were exposed to bromine vapor for some minutes and left standing for some days in order to have the peculiarities caused by the intercalated bromine molecules observable. The ctystals revealed isolated partial dislocations in an electron microscope. The results suggest that dialocations bound the intercalated bromine layers and that the hexagon networks on either side of a bromine layer are in a over a stacking. (P.C.H.)


The primary accomplishments of the JOI Cooperative Agreement with DOE/NETL in this quarter were that: (1) follow-up logging of pressure cores containing hydrate-bearing sediment; and (2) opening of some of these cores to establish ground-truth understanding. The follow-up measurements made on pressure cores in storage are part of a hydrate geriatric study related to ODP Leg 204. These activities are described in detail in Appendices A and B of this report. Work also continued on developing plans for Phase 2 of this cooperative agreement based on evolving plans to schedule a scientific ocean drilling expedition to study marine methane hydrates along the Cascadia margin, in the NE Pacific as part of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) using the R/V JOIDES Resolution.


The present study sets up an empirical framework to study the exchange rate pass through (ERPT) issue in China's domestic markets, within the Chinese economic reform period from 1978 till present. The results show a relative low degree of pass-through to consumer and retail prices, but high degree of pass-through to producer and purchasing prices. It suggests that the degree of ERPT tends to diminish along the price chain. In addition, the results also show an increasing trend of the degree of ERPT in recent years. The speed of price reaction to exchange rate shocks may be quicker in recent years as well. Overall, this study reveals a relatively complete picture of the ERPT in China's domestic markets.


The purpose of this study is to analyze factors influencing intention to be chartered accountant. factors influencing the intention is measured by referents variable, intrinsic interest, job expectation, and opportunity cost.
The samples used in this research are 70 respondents. The samples are collected from auditor in Semarang and students accounting in Diponegoro University. Analyzing this hypothesis, this research use logistic regression.
The results show that referents, intrinsic interest, and opportunity cost have significant effect for influencing intention to be chartered accountant. however, job expectation do not have significant effect for influencing the intention to be chartered accountant.


The article discusses the existing problems and possible prospects for the organization and development of the money circulation system, which plays a strategically important role in ensuring the efficiency of not only the national but also the global economy. The study of the money circulation system is an extremely urgent problem for the reason that both long-term and short-term goals of economic agents and the state are impossible without the implementation of monetary operations. Money is a very specific type of economic good. Economic agents make an infinitely large number of sales transactions, where the availability of money is a strategic factor in the implementation of any transaction. Modern money has no real value. In essence, they are nothing more than signs of money, unlike real (commodity) money, which were circulated in the form of gold and silver coins. The gold standard is the highest form of development of real money. The gold standard was abolished in 1971. However, over the past 40 years there have been discussions about the possibility of restoring monetary circulation in the form of a gold standard. Proponents and opponents of the gold standard cite their own arguments for and against. Money is similar to other economic institutions and represents the embodiment of human experience. In the process of their evolutionary development and change, some institutions prove their greater effectiveness compared to other institutions. Less effective institutions are gradually dying. If we talk about the prospects for the development and change of the monetary system, then only on the basis of experience that expresses the essence of spontaneous and at the same time evolutionary market processes, we will be able to judge the possible dynamics and predominance of those institutions that better ensure social development.


Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) based proton exchange membrane for using in fuel cells was successfully prepared by gamma radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene monomer onto PET film and the consequent selective sulfonation of the grafting chain in the film state using chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO3H). The effects of grafting conditions (e.g., monomer concentration, irradiation dose) on the degree of grafting and sulfonation condition (e.g., optimum concentration of ClSO3H) on the degree of sulfonation were studied. The degree of grafting, the degree of sulfonation and the physico-chemical properties (such as, water uptake, mechanical strength, thermal durability, hydrolytic stability, oxidative stability) of the gamma radiation-induced grafted membrane were found to be better when compared to those of the UV-radiation grafted membrane. The membrane shows higher ion exchange capacity (0.9 mmol g−1) and higher proton conductivity (0.075 S cm−1), similar to those of Nafion membrane.


Oxygen
redox plays a prominent role in enhancing the energy density of Mn-based
layered cathodes. However, understanding the factors affecting the reversibility
of oxygen redox is nontrivial due to the complicated concurrent structural and
chemical transformations. Herein, we show that local Mn‒O symmetry induced structural
and chemical evolutions majorly dictate the reversibility of oxygen redox of NaxLiyMn1-yO2
in Na cells. We find that NaxLiyMn1-yO2
with Jahn-Teller distorted MnO6 octahedra undergoes severe Mn
dissolution during cycling, which destabilizes the transition metal layer resulting
in poor Li retention and irreversible oxygen redox. Jahn-Teller distortion of
MnO6 octahedra can be suppressed by modulating the local charge of
Mn and Mn‒O distance through Mg/Ti dual doping. This leads to reduced Mn
dissolution resulting in more reversible oxygen redox. Such stabilization
significantly improves the electrochemical performance of Mg/Ti dual doped NaxLiyMn1-yO2.
 Through this work, we show that promoting
reversible oxygen redox can benefit from structural stabilization at local
length scale, and that modifying the chemical environment through doping
chemistry is an efficient strategy to promote local structural stability and
thus, oxygen redox.


RESULTS: We identified 17 observational studies (70 women), which evaluated outcomes in pregnancies complicated by aplastic anemia. Overall, in 36 out of 70 (51.4%) cases at least one significant maternal complication was reported (Table 1). The most common maternal complications included antepartum and/or postpartum hemorrhage, which occurred in 11 (15.7%) cases, and postpartum relapse which developed in 13 (18.6%) cases. Three (4.3%) women experienced intracranial hemorrhage or thrombosis, while four (5.7%) women died within 1 year of pregnancy. Across these reported cases, pancytopenia was observed with a mean starting hemoglobin of 6.9g/dL, white blood cell count of 2.7x109/L and platelet count of 31x109/L. In 14 of 31 (45.2%) cases preterm birth ensued, with 20% of the women delivering prior to 34 weeks. Three cases of intrauterine fetal demise were also reported.


When the edentulous maxilla is opposed by natural teeth in the mandibular anterior region the flabby ridge or mobile fibrous tissues are frequently seen in maxillary anterior region. Movable tissues that are displaced during impression making tend to return to their original form, and complete dentures fabricated from such impression will not accurately fit on the recovered tissues resulting in loss of retention, stability and occlusal disharmony the dentures.This article describes a modified impression technique for flabby ridges that makes use of low viscosity polyvinyl siloxane impression material. In this technique escape holes were prepared on the flabby tissue area with straight fissure bur so that the flabby tissues won't be compressed.This technique helps in maintaining the contour and recording the detail of the tissues without displacing the flabby tissues.


Teaching from a range of perspectives will prepare students from diverse groups to work together in a truly unified nation. S chools today are rich in student diversity. A growing number of American classrooms and schools contain a comp.lex mix or races, cultures. languages, and religious affiliations. Two other sources of diversity are becoming increasingly prominent as well. The widening gap between iich and poor students is creating more social class diversity, and an increasing number of gay students and teachers are publicly proclaiming their sexual orientation .


Objective: A new graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for direct determination of Pb and Mn in whole blood is studied in the paper.Methods: The blood sample after 11-fold dilution is treated with 0.05% Triton X-100 and0.1% NH4H2PO4 and 0.1% NH4NO3.The method is simple and rapid by calibration curve method.Results: The results show that recoveries of these microelements are between 92.5% to 108.0% and relative standard deviation less than 10%.Conclusion: The result of the method is accurate and satisfactory.


The development status of surface defects inspection for metal plants is analyzed.Common technology to inspection the surface defects on metal plants is introduced.Application and development of surface inspection online machine vision is discussed.


Homeologous chromosome exchanges drive postpolyploidization genetic diversification in Brassica napus. Homeologous exchanges cause rapid genome size reduction after allopolyploidization. Segmental deletions contain genes associated with adaptive processes and chromosome stability. Breakpoints of genomic rearrangements contain motifs associated with meiotic recombination. Genes involved in chromosome mismatch repair are subject to selection after polyploidization.


In power plant industry, the pulverized coal boiler has been the main type for many decades because of low fuel cost, large capacity, and high efficiency. Circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler(CFBC), however, is being a growing interest worldwide because of the reduction of pollutant gas emission compared to the pulverized coal boiler. The CFBC boiler is an eco-friendly facility that makes complete combustion via the 'circulation' of bed material and unburned coal. The circulation, however, may cause serious erosion problems of the boiler wall and heat tube. Because of the erosion problems, the risk of emergency shut down of CFBC boiler gets high. To cope with the problem, we propose optimized erosion protection plates by using ANSYS CFX in this paper. The variables of the plates include the size of plate and location, the proposed erosion protection plates are verified through the real installation in a CFBC boiler.


DDoS (distributed denial of service) attacks consist of a large number of compromised computer systems that launch joint attacks at a targeted victim, such as a server, website, or other network equipment, simultaneously. DDoS has become a widespread and severe threat to the integrity of computer networks. DDoS can lead to system paralysis, making it difficult to troubleshoot. As a critical component of the creation of an integrated defensive system, it is essential to detect DDoS attacks as early as possible. With the popularization of artificial intelligence, more and more researchers have applied machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) to the detection of DDoS attacks and have achieved satisfactory accomplishments. The complexity and sophistication of DDoS attacks have continuously increased and evolved since the first DDoS attack was reported in 1996. Regarding the headways in this problem, a new type of DDoS attack, named adversarial DDoS attack, is investigated in this study. The generating adversarial DDoS traffic is carried out using a symmetric generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture called CycleGAN to demonstrate the severe impact of adversarial DDoS attacks. Experiment results reveal that the synthesized attack can easily penetrate ML-based detection systems, including RF (random forest), KNN (k-nearest neighbor), SVM (support vector machine), and naïve Bayes. These alarming results intimate the urgent need for countermeasures against adversarial DDoS attacks. We present a novel DDoS detection framework that incorporates GAN with a symmetrically built generator and discriminator defense system (SDGAN) to deal with these problems. Both symmetric discriminators are intended to simultaneously identify adversarial DDoS traffic. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the suggested SDGAN can be an effective solution against adversarial DDoS attacks. We train SDGAN on adversarial DDoS data generated by CycleGAN and compare it to four previous machine learning-based detection systems. SDGAN outperformed the other machine learning models, with a TPR (true positive rate) of 87.2%, proving its protection ability. Additionally, a more comprehensive test was undertaken to evaluate SDGAN's capacity to defend against unseen adversarial threats. SDGAN was evaluated using non-training data-generated adversarial traffic. SDGAN remained effective, with a TPR of around 70.9%, compared to RF's 9.4%.


This paper summarizes relocation patterns in the U.S. manufacturing industry over the period 1972-1992, using plant- and firm-level data from the U.S. Census of Manufactures. This study contributes to the existing literature on firm dynamics by distinguishing entry due to relocation from entry by new firms, and exit due to relocation from permanent exit. In contrast to previous studies which report that entering plants experience relatively lower productivity, I find that some entering plants—specifically, those that are not new but merely relocated—have higher productivity. I also find a pattern of relocation that suggests that plants tend to be relocated to areas that are becoming new centers for the industry; namely, plants are moved out of areas in which the industry is heavily concentrated to areas where it is not, but these areas also have higher employment growth rates than other areas.


We prove that permutations with few inversions exhibit a local-global dichotomy in the following sense. Suppose ${\boldsymbol\sigma}$ is a permutation chosen uniformly at random from the set of all permutations of $[n]$ with exactly $m=m(n)\ll n^2$ inversions. If $i<j$ are chosen uniformly at random from $[n]$, then ${\boldsymbol\sigma}(i)<{\boldsymbol\sigma}(j)$ asymptotically almost surely. However, if $i$ and $j$ are chosen so that $j-i\ll m/n$, and $m \ll n^2/\log^2 n$, then $\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbb{P}\big[{\boldsymbol\sigma}(i)<{\boldsymbol\sigma}(j)\big]=\frac{1}{2}$. Moreover, if $k=k(n)\ll \sqrt{m/n}$, then the restriction of ${\boldsymbol\sigma}$ to a random $k$-point interval is asymptotically uniformly distributed over $\mathcal{S}_k$. Thus, knowledge of the local structure of ${\boldsymbol\sigma}$ reveals nothing about its global form. We establish that $\sqrt{m/n}$ is the threshold for local uniformity and $m/n$ the threshold for inversions, and determine the behaviour in the critical windows.


of the book includes detailed analyses and discussions of specific types of disaster events with a focus on disaster management. This section of the book includes multiple chapters in each of the following types of disaster events: natural disasters, nuclear and radiation events, chemical events, biological events - including bacterial, viral and others, blast events, burn disasters, ballistic injuries, crushing injury events, and combination events. Each of the events listed are examined and discussed thoroughly in chapters written by a number of expert authors. Chapters that were in previous editions of the book have been meticulously updated to reflect current scientific evidence and health practices. In addition, new material is included, such as full chapters on hantavirus, M-pox, and SARS viruses. Newer disaster threats such as power system failures, cyberterrorism, and space travel are also included in the third edition. Ciottone


Abstract : The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) is a Strategic Defense Initiative Organization program whose primary purpose is to conduct tracking event experiments of targets/phenomena in midcourse. In this report we describe the portion of the MSX spacecraft tracking processor software that we have selected for verification in SDVS. We then enumerate the Ada constructs appearing in this part of the software that are not currently handled by the SDVS Ada translator, but which we intend to implement. We also mention some of the problems that we expect to encounter in the course of the project.


In Japan, the submission of subject-level electronicclinical study data for new drug applications began on October 1, 2016, with a transitionalperiod. The transitional period expired on March 31, 2020, and currently, mostnew drug applications (NDAs) require the submission of electronic clinicalstudy data, which are considered important to provide information about a drugat the review and are required by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical DevicesAgency (PMDA). Standardization of submitted electronic clinical study datais essential to review using data analyses for applications of various drugssubmitted by multiple companies with limited review time and human resources.For most clinical trials and analyses, the PMDA requires clinical trial data tobe submitted in accordance with CDISC standards.This paper provides an overview of the advanced review with electronicdata projectand the current state of electronic data submission in Japan, as well asin terms of future expectations for the data standards, as based upon theexperiences of receiving and utilizing CDISC-compliant clinical study data inthe PMDA.


Thrombomodulin (TM) is a potent anticoagulant factor highly expressed in normal endothelial cells. During vascular remodeling, TM is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the molecular mechanisms for TM expression in cultured human aortic VSMCs. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) treatment upregulated TM mRNA and protein levels by 5‐ and 7.5‐ fold, respectively, in both time‐ and dosage‐dependent manner. Addition of cycloheximide abolished PDGF‐stimulated TM mRNA expression, suggesting that the enhancement of TM transcription requires de novo protein synthesis. PDGF‐BB also induced activation of p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p44/42 MAPK) and Akt, an effector for phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K). PDGF‐BB‐induced TM expression was eliminated by PI3K inhibitors, diminished by inhibitors for P44/42 MAPK activation but unaffected by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. In addition, a Src inhibitor abolished both PDGF‐BB‐induced Akt phosphorylation and TM expression. In isolated endothelium‐denuded aortae, TM expression was stimulated over 2‐fold by PDGF treatment. These results suggest that PDGF‐BB is a potential regulator in vivo for TM expression in VSMCs and that PDGF‐BB stimulates TM expression via Src/PI3K and P44/42 MAPK signaling pathways.