The research aimed to: 1) study the components and indicators of the learning resource development by community participatory approach, 2) study the current and desired states of learning resource development by community participatory approach, and 3) present the guideline of learning resource development by community participatory approach. The sample group consisted of 342 participants including; directors or deputy directors, teachers and school boards in schools under the Office of Mahasarakham Primary Education Service Area 1. The instruments used in this research were a component and indicator evaluation form, and a questionnaire to study the current and desired states. The results were as follows: 1) the components of the learning resource development by community participatory approach revealed that there were 12 components: 1.1) surveying learning resources, 1.2) planning, 1.3) implementing, 1.4) encouraging the use of learning resources, 1.5) auditing, 1.6) supervising, monitoring and evaluation, 1.7) improving, 1.8) participation in planning, 1.9) participation in decision making, 1.10) participation in implementing, 1.11) participation in monitoring and evaluation, and 1.12) participation in receiving benefit. 2) The current state in learning resource development by community participatory approach, was rated at a low level and the desired state in learning resource by community participatory approach, was rated at a high level. 3) The guideline of learning resource development by community participatory approach consisted of 3 components: 3.1) working with community, 3.2) working with the learning resources, and 3.3) working with participation of the stake holders.


A microgrid included multiple energy sources such as a diesel generator, photovoltaic system (PV), wind turbines (WTs), and so on. The key reason for the growth of hybrid energy technology or microgrid is the reliability, abundance of renewable energy (RE) and it can use the resources in an efficient manner. This research aims to incorporate a stand-alone community microgrid in Cumilla, Bangladesh to deliver electricity to a residential community and determine the optimum solution to satisfy total demand. The load profile is considered in this study for a residential community situated in Cumilla. Moreover, three case studies are taken into account to analyze the optimum result. The simulation analysis is executed in the optimization software that is the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER pro). Several types of analysis are conducted such as NPV, COE, emission, energy production, and operating cost. The simulation results reveal that case 3 (solar, wind and diesel generator) is the optimum solution as it has the lowest NPV, COE, and operating cost.


Here I wish to present my project on "Xinka lexicography and morphology" which I have been able to carry out last year owing to the generous funding from the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. (FAMSI). The project pursued the aim of documenting contemporary Xinka language knowledge and analysing it subsequently with regard to the language's lexical and morphological typology. Purpose and relevance of this research shall be argued in the following.


Abstract By focusing on the problems of speed, reliability, operation and maintenance in the practical application of line protection in conventional and smart substations, we propose system architecture and a technical scheme for in-site (similar in meaning to on-site or near-process) line protection based on vertical integration and outdoor installation. The functions of the single-bay merging unit, relay protection, and intelligent terminal are vertically integrated to reduce the number and types of devices, simplify the configuration, reduce signal transmission, and shorten the protection action time. In addition, this vertically integrated device is applied to provide data acquisition and control execution support for substation-area protection, security and stability of devices, and other substation-area devices. The vital performance outputs are tested and compared. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed scheme is feasible and the technology is advanced.


Knowledge of environmental pollution with an impact on health is essential for a sustainable environment and useful for people. The coastal areas of the world�s seas and oceans are polluted with different pollutants from technological sources and from other sources of socio-human activities. The pollutants studied are heavy metals Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb. In the paper are presented researches regarding the heavy metal concentrations determined in samples from marine water, sediments and algal mass, harvested from six stations from different areas of the Romanian Black Sea in two different years 2017 and 2018. The analyses were performed in the Chemistry Laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University in Constanta, by a spectrophotometric method using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ContrAA-700, Analytic Jena AG. For marine water in 2018 the following concentrations were obtained: Zn ] Pb ] Cu ] Cd and in 2017 the order was different: Zn ] Cu ] Pb ] Cd. For sediments in 2017 the order of concentrations is Cu ] Zn ] Pb ] Cd and in 2018 the highest values in the sediment are recorded by the next high values Cu ] Pb ] Zn ] Cd. Constant climate change and increased eutrophication in recent years have led to a massive increase in marine biomass in the Black Sea. For seaweed samples there are accumulations in the order of Zn ] Cu ] Pb ] Cd in both years. Bioaccumulation factors in water BCF water, were higher in algae for Zn and Cu. From the analysis of bioaccumulation factors, it can be noticed that seawater algae accumulate heavy metals from seawater and sediment (confirmed by BCF water ] 1 or BCF sed. ] 1). The accumulation of heavy metals in seaweed shows the existence of pollutants and marine pollution factors. Marine algae are the best biomarkers of pollution.

https://revistadechimie.ro/pdf/78 CADAR 8 19.pdf


Abstract : Tissue resistance to various hormones, in particular catecholamines, is a fundamental problem in sepsis, that often prevents the successful resuscitation of septic patients. In order to devise more effective therapy, it is essential to determine the pathophysiology of this tissue resistance. It appears that sepsis and chronic endotoxemia specifically alter signal transduction system coupled to PKC, resulting in a down regulation of PKC-linked receptors and an attenuation of phosphoinositide turnover. This study was therefore designed to determine the effects of sepsis and chronic endotoxemia on hepatic and splenic PKC. In summary, this study has defined a relatively simple method of delineating phorbol ester receptors within the spleen and liver. Further, it was shown that sepsis and chronic endotoxemia markedly. Reprints.


Assorted feed additives for broiler chickens, including prohibited antibiotics, are widely sold in the market. The objective of incorporating supplement in feed is to improve broilers' performance and meat quality. This study conducted an experiment to 60 DOC broilers from each Cobb and Lohmann strains. The experiment was conducted in a 2x4 factorial CRD. The treatments were feed additives, i.e. antibiotics, probiotics, acidifiers and phytobiotics. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The measured variables were carcass and non-carcass percentage as well as physical quality of broiler meat. Analysis of variance showed that feed additives did not significantly affect (P>0.05) carcass and non-carcass percentage and meat physical quality of the two broiler strains. Conclusively, probiotics, acidifiers and phytobiotics are the potential alternatives as a substitute for antibiotics for Cobb and Lohmann broiler chickens as reflected from the carcass percentage and meat quality.


laparotomy after an adrenalectomy was very high indeed. Animals which died under anaesthesia were replaced at a later stage by other animals which had been treated by adrenalectomy so that the completely random nature of the experiment could not be maintained. The incidence of tumours was recorded for the various groups. Results.-The incidence of tumours in animals treated by laparotomy was greater than that in those which were not (Table ZZ). When all animals were considered together this difference was a significant


Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is deadly, incurable disease of cats which is reported throughout the world. Though known to be caused by feline corona virus (Hartmann, 2005), it has been complicated by secondary bacterial invaders. Despite of advancement in research till date there is no cure for FIP (Kipar et al., 2014). The disease is mainly prevalent in young, purebred and sexually intact male cats (Rohrbach et al., 2001). FIP is recorded mostly in pure breeds which might owe to inbreeding of cats (Benetka et al., 2004). There are two forms of FIP – wet and dry form. Wet form is characterized by presence of inflammatory exudates into body cavities. Dry form is characterized by its non effusive nature and granulomatous involvement of parenchymatous organs. Although both forms are fatal, the wet form is more common and progressive (Pedersen et al., 2009). The present paper we report a case of FIP in Persian male cat with major focus on its clinical features and histopathological diagnosis.

https://www.ijcmas.com/8-1-2019/Pankaj Gaonkar, et al.pdf


A procedure to estimate transverse strength of unidirectional composite is proposed in this study. Most of the micro structure of fiber reinforced plastic is unidirectional composite. The estimation of the transverse strength of unidirectional composite is very important because damages in FRP originate from the transverse crack. As the method to estimate the strength of unidirectional composite, theoretical methods and experimental methods have been applied. However, the transverse strength is influenced by several factors such as the volume fraction of fiber, interfacial strength, and residual thermal stresses. In order to estimate the transverse strength considering the factors, we propose an FE method in this study. Firstly, FE model of unidirectional composite considering the random arrangement of filaments are generated. Interfacial elements are installed between filaments and resin to simulate the interfacial behavior. The damage conditions such as damage criterion and strength of resin and interface are determined by comparing the static transverse tensile test of single-filament embedded specimen and FEM. The transverse strength is estimated by FE analysis based on damage mechanics considering the effects of residual thermal stresses. Several FE models with volume fraction of fiber of 40%, 50% and 60% have been generated respectively and the strengths have been estimated. As the results, the strength decreased when the volume fraction of fiber increases without considering residual thermal stresses. On the other hand, it is clear that the strength is dependent on the random arrangement of filament strongly with considering the residual stress.


Tourism studies are, by nature, cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary. Given the diversity of the tourism field, it is likely that the researcher will, time and again, be expected to navigate a new field experience, be it conducting research in an unfamiliar culture, in a foreign language, or within a setting of foreign societal constructs. Despite the diversity of tourism studies, there has been little attention given to the issues surrounding the effects of gender on fieldwork other than an acknowledgement that reflections on gender identities are necessary for tourism researchers (e.g., Ateljevic et al., 2005). In particular, there is a need to advance tourism discourse to the point where outward biases, such as gender, are an expected part of the literature. In this way, the myth of the lone, childless, and objective fieldworker is increasingly challenged by a growing critical feminist scholarship. Tourism is a characteristically cross-disciplinary field with foundations in anthropology and ethnography, where most of the existing literature on gender in field research originates, largely based in a different era (e.g., Golde, 1986; Warren, 1988; Whitehead & Conaway, 1986). Despite the tourism academy's general oversight or lack of attention to gender biases, the influence of gender is obvious in many fieldwork situations. The aim of this presentation and accompanying workshop is to analyse and discuss the effect of femininity in the field and the encountered biases (both positive and negative) specific to women researchers in tourism studies, based on an edited book publication Femininities in the Field: Researching Tourism and our own experiences using international case studies. Special attention will be given to lesser-developed or remote regions, as gender roles are often more pronounced in these areas. Gender is considered a common bias in the collection of field data; yet, the literature discussing the effects of gender biases is fragmented, with the female perspective being largely absent. Historically, with male researchers outnumbering females, general discussions on gender bias tended to default towards weaknesses associated with the female gender. As female participation in the sciences continues to grow, not only do the number of females in the field increase, but also the number of women coupling reproductive and caring responsibilities with academia. The presentation and workshop will cover larger topics including site culture, safety considerations, gender boundaries, accompanied fieldwork, embodied research, and female responsibility. It will conclude by providing recommendations for ethical guidelines and other issues when approaching femininity in the field within tourism research. References: Ateljevic, I., Harris, C., Wilson, E., & Collins, L.F. (2005). Getting 'entangled': Reflexivity and the 'critical turn' in tourism studies. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(2), 9–21. Golde, P. (1986). Women in the field: Anthropological experiences. Berkeley: University of California Press. Warren, C.A.B. (1988). Gender issues in field research. Qualitative Research Methods Series 9. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Whitehead, T.L., & Conaway, M.E. (1986). Self, sex, and gender in cross-cultural fieldwork. 1 Schanzel and Porter: Femininities in the Field of Tourism Research Published by Digital Commons @ TRU Library, 2017 Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 2 Critical Tourism Studies Proceedings, Vol. 2017 [2017], Art. 24 http://digitalcommons.library.tru.ca/cts-proceedings/vol2017/iss1/24


The purpose of this research work is to study the following general objective; To determine the importance of graphical techniques in the development of fine motor skills in a girl with microcephaly of 3 years of the Educational Unit "Roberto Alfredo Arregui Chauvin", Bolivar Province, Canton Guaranda, school period 2017 - 2018. She was in the market in the descriptive method, we worked with a girl with a disability of grade two, her learning style is characterized by being kinesthetic, in this system the individual processes the information by associating it with sensations and movements, in short, to the body, related to actions such as: touching , move, feel, field work, paint, draw, dance, lab, do things, show, repair things.
"Learning using the kinesthetic system is slow, much slower than with any of the other two systems. They have the least efficient way to store academic information, but the best way to store information that has to do with sports and art. "(INDIVIDUAL CURRICULUM ADAPTATION DIAC, 2017)
The application of the graphoplastic techniques elaborated and carried out a guide of curricular adaptations with the diverse activities of the grafoplasticas techniques as they are torn, trimmed, modeled, fingerling, wrinkled, punched, threading, it is concluded that after the application of the techniques graphoplasts in the girl with microcephaly is effective if the girl develops a normal and good fine motor parameter in this way we improve the fine motor skills, it should be noted that she has an attachment to the painting dactyl.
"The integral development of the infant at an early age requires an adequate development of cognitive and physical-motor skills; however, it is observed in local educational contexts that there are limitations in the development of these skills, so the present documentary research argues that the adequate use of graphical techniques in the development of fine motor skills in a girl with
microcephaly three years and therefore their child development. "(Carolina, Cando Santillan Gisela, Trujillo Espinoza, Rosa Maria, 2018)
"Therefore, in order to defend this idea and achieve our goal, the application of graphical techniques in the development of fine motor skills in children at this early age is fundamental, and more so when it comes to a girl with microcephaly the influence they possess the same to achieve the integral development of the student, types of graphic arts activities and application materials are exposed to develop fine motor skills in this school age range, besides offering guidance to the teacher on how to carry out an optimal development of the techniques plastic graph to encourage cognitive development in relation to physical-motor skills. "(Carolina, Cando Santillan Gisela, Trujillo Espinoza, Rosa Maria, 2018)


Masonry structures have been broadly used worldwide for centuries. These structures are likely to be subjected to seismic movements, malicious or accidental blast and/or impact loading. Expanding the current body of knowledge of how masonry structures perform under such conditions and developing reliable and robust modelling techniques is essential to improve both the efficiency and safety of the design and retrofitting of such structures. A great deal of research is currently ongoing to understand the behaviour of masonry under shock and impact loading, and this is proving to be a challenging endeavour. Masonry construction on the whole is surrounded by a high degree of variability ranging from the heterogeneity of the materials used, the degree of workmanship during construction and the uncertainty regarding the physical and mechanical properties of the brick-to-mortar interface. Masonry is known to experience a dynamic enhancement of its strength properties when subjected to impact loading and dynamic increase factors (DIFs) have been used to adjust static masonry properties accordingly when subjected to this type of loading. These DIFs are derived from sparse experimental tests and their use can be severely limited to the conditions of the tests performed, and the results obtained can carry a high degree of uncertainty. This paper considers the uncertainty present at the brick-to-mortar interface, by using Monte Carlo simulations, when subjected to dynamic loading in a standard triplet test using LS-DYNA. The results of the modelling have been compared, contrasted and discussed for use in a larger research project on the robust characterisation of masonry structures when subjected to blast and seismic loading


Abstract. We study a polarization beam splitting phenomenon in modified annular photonic crystals. The modified structures are composed of square and triangular lattices with circular and square air holes in a dielectric background in which a dielectric rod is added to each air hole. The inner dielectric rods are not located at the center of the holes and are oriented relative to the lattice axis. At first, isofrequency contours of the structures are numerically investigated for different sizes of air holes and rods, using the plane wave expansion method. The effects of additional rods are clearly demonstrated in terms of tilted contours, which is effective in the direction of flow of light for different polarizations. Finally, the finite-difference time-domain method is utilized to depict the different traveling path of two orthogonal transverse magnetic and electric polarizations.


In industrial processes, formaldehyde is mainly handled in aqueous solutions, which often contain methanol. In these solutions, formaldehyde forms predominantly adducts with the solvents. In aqueous solutions, methylene glycol and poly(oxymethylene) glycols are formed, in methanolic solutions hemiformal and poly(oxymethylene) hemiformals. As both the formation of poly(oxymethylene) glycol and of poly(oxymethylene) hemiformal are slow compared to typical residence times in separation equipment, reliable information on kinetics of these reactions is essential for process design. Two independent methods were applied to obtain this information: NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution densimetry. The experiments were carried out at temperatures between 273 and 334 K and pH between 2 and 9. Both for poly(oxymethylene) glycol formation and poly(oxymethylene) hemiformal formation, the minimal reaction rate occurs between pH 3 and 5. At 293 K, the inverse rate constant 1/k at this minimum is about 6 min for poly(oxymethylene) glycol formation and about 110 h for poly(oxymethylene) hemiformal formation. The rate constants determined with NMR spectroscopy and densimetry generally agree well. Previously reported discrepancies between results from both methods are explained by the fact that rate constants of poly(oxymethylene) glycol formation depend strongly on the solvent water or deuterium oxide. Reaction kinetics of poly(oxymethylene) glycol and poly(oxymethylene)more » hemiformal formation in the mixed-solvent system with water and methanol predicted from results obtained in the single-solvent systems are in good agreement with experimental data.« less


Political parties use different strategies to convince voters to vote for them, and with the technological evolution of our time short movie clips are used, now more than ever before, to accomplish ...


We determine the structure of band and gaps in graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride and subjected to magnetic field of Abrikosov lattice of vortices in the underlying superconducting film. The spectrum features one non-dispersive magnetic miniband at zero energy, separated by the largest gaps in the miniband spectrum from a pair of minibands resembling slightly broadened first Landau levels in graphene, suggesting the persistence of $\nu = \pm 2$ quantum Hall effect states. Also, we identify occasional merging point of magnetic minibands which feature Dirac-type dispersion at the consecutive miniband edges.


Geothermal resources provide a low-cost option for heating Icelandic buildings. This is evident when the cost of geothermal space heating is compared to the cost of heating with imported oil and domestic electricity, both of which are used by residents of areas where geothermal resources are not to be found. The comparison reveals annual savings that amount to 1.1-4.3% of the total income from employment in 2005. A comparison of district heating prices in Europe shows that Icelandic consumers pay the lowest price per energy unit.


Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which epithelial cells could acquair a mesenchymal phnotype and motibility, is a key process in the progress of tumor. Reseent, some studies demon-strated that EMT could generate cells with property of caneer stem eelL Moreover, many studies have found that miRNA could regulate the tumor invasion and metastasis by targeted EMT. This provides us a new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the tumor invasion-metastasis cascade.

Key words:
MicroRNAs;  Tumor stem cells;  Neoplasm invasiveness;  Neoplasm metastasis;  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition


A new class of exact solutions is presented which describes impulsive waves propagating in the Nariai universe. It is constructed using a six-dimensional embedding formalism adapted to the background. Due to the topology of the latter, the wave front consists of two non-expanding spheres. Special sub-classes representing pure gravitational waves (generated by null particles with an arbitrary multipole structure) or shells of null dust are analyzed in detail. Smooth isometries of the metrics are briefly discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the considered solutions are impulsive members of a more general family of radiative Kundt spacetimes of type-II. A straightforward generalization to impulsive waves in the anti-Nariai and Bertotti-Robinson backgrounds is described. For a vanishing cosmological constant and electromagnetic field, results for well known impulsive pp-waves are recovered.


The search for ever greater levels of productivity is due in general to manâ€(tm)s natural tendency to minimize the amount of labour needed to produce the goods useful for maximizing the satisfaction of his needs for survival and progress. Labour in effect represents a necessary but "unpleasant†and strenuous activity to be minimized. As production requires labour, and labour is extremely strenuous, since the dawn of economic activity man has searched for ever higher levels of labour efficiency, expressed by the ratio between the volumes and quality of the goods produced or consumed and the effort required to produce or to consume them. In this search, working man soon realizes it is more efficient â€" thus, more convenient â€" to specialize in the production of a single good, a component of a good, or even a component of a component, giving rise to the first production processes and production systems, thereby reducing those segments of the processes that lead to time savings through learning. This need to increase the efficiency of production has become even more deeply felt when the production was carried out by business organizations. This paper will try demonstrate that productivity is the basis of all productive systems, which are viewed as transformers of utility and value, since the search for maximum productive efficiency is necessary to reduce production costs and thus to produce value. After presenting a coherent frame of reference we shall examine the drivers of productivity and then move on to discuss the consequences of the continual growth in productivity and the non-economic aspects linked to the gradual improvement in productivity.


Nausea and vomiting occurs in gastroparesis due to diabetes mellitus or unknown causes. The aim of this study was to compare (i) pyloric distensibility to pyloric manometric pressure in patients with nausea and vomiting and (ii) to correlate distensibility with delays in gastric emptying.


Environmental risk assessment of lead arsenate based on bioassays with eight non- target organisms Lead arsenate is one of the most employed pesticides in Peruvian agriculture. Protocols of bioassays allow us to determinate the effect of this pesticide on different biological components. The acute toxicity parameter more commonly employed is the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ). This research aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of lead arseniate on eight non-target invertebrates. The folowing sequence in decresing acute ecotoxicity order in terms of arsenic after 48 h of exposure was found: Daphnia magna (EC 50 = 3.1 mg L –1 ) > Trichogramma fuentesi (LC 50 = 11.2 mg L –1 ) > Chrysoperla asoralis (LC 50 = 29 mg L –1 ) > Trichogramma pretiosum (LC 50 = 32.9 mg L –1 ) > Ceraeochrysa cincta (LC 50 = 94.4 mg L –1 ) > Orius insidious (LC 50 = 304 mg L –1 ) > Telenomus remus (LC 50 = 364 mg L –1 ) > Heleobia cumingii (LC 50 = 10,669 mg L –1 ). Considering eggs hatching, C. asoralis was more sensible than C. cincta. For T. pretiosum and T. fuentesi were observed effects on adult's emergency since 160 and 800 mg As L –1 , respectively. From these results, environmental risk assessment (ERA) of this insecticide was calculated. Risk quotient (RQ) indicated in all cases, that lead arseniate is highly risky to environment.


Background and Objectives The red blood cell Mi III phenotype is prevalent in Asia, and its corresponding alloantibody, anti‐Mia, has been reported to cause haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the newborn. However, a complete picture of the immunological characteristics of anti‐Mia is still lacking. We therefore conducted a systematic study to evaluate the potential clinical significance of this antibody.


Mineral calcination worldwide accounts for some 5–10% of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per year. Roughly half of the CO2 released results from burning fossil fuels for heat generation, while the other half is a product of the calcination reaction itself. Traditionally, the fuel combustion process and the calcination reaction take place together to enhance heat transfer. Systems have been proposed that separate fuel combustion and calcination to allow for the sequestration of pure CO2 from the calcination reaction for later storage/use and capture of the combustion gases. This work presents a new tube-in-tube helical system for the calcination of minerals that can use different heat transfer fluids (HTFs), employed or foreseen in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. The system is labeled 'flameless' since the HTF can be heated by other means than burning fossil fuels. If CSP or high-temperature nuclear reactors are used, direct CO2 emissions can be divided in half. The technical feasibility of the system has been accessed with a brief parametric study here. The results suggest that the introduced system is technically feasible given the parameters (total heat transfer coefficients, mass- and volume flows, outer tube friction factors, and –Nusselt numbers) that are examined. Further experimental work will be required to better understand the performance of the tube-in-tube helical system for the flameless calcination of minerals.


Cylinder helix method is one of the most commonly used methods for borehole trajectory calculation in respects of drilling trajectory monitoring,target-entering analysis prediction and well bore quality evaluation.However,when the difference between the deviation angles or azimuth angles of the two ends of an interval is zero,the formula of coordinate calculation of cylinder helix method needs to be specially treated for normal use;and when the difference between deviation angles or azimuth angles is very small,there could be a big error in coordinate calculation.This paper introduced the improvement on coordinate calculation formula of cylinder helix method and the study on numerical calculation of average borehole curvature of cylinder helix trajectory. Three calculation methods for average borehole curvature are compared using practical cases.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship among job stress, ego-resilience, social support, and burnout of art therapists. This study verified the relationship and the effect by setting a research model with job stress as independent variable, ego-resilience as mediator variable, social support as control variable, and burnout as dependent variable based on the previous studies. In order to do this study, 300 questionnaires were distributed to art therapists and the 233 questionnaires were used finally for empirical analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, only career showed significant correlation among personal environmental factors (education, career, treatment time, income per hour, number of supervision). Second, the relationship between job stress and burnout was partially mediated by ego-resilience. Third, social support showed a regulation effect on the relationship between ego-resilience and burnout. Thus, ego-resilience showed a mediation effect in the path that job stress affects burnout, and this mediation effect varies with the level of social support. So the moderated mediation effect was confirmed. ■ keyword :∣Art Therapist∣Job Stress∣Burnout∣Ego-resilience∣Social Support∣Moderated Mediation Effect∣ 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '18 Vol. 18 No. 6 74


Distance learning as an innovative teaching method is becoming more widespread in the modern educational space. This form of training opens wide opportunities for students: getting education at leading world universities remotely, a wide selection of distance education programs, saving time and money, a flexible schedule and individual study planning. Using the possibilities of distance learning, " blender training " provides additional opportunities in high-quality and optimal training of professionals in the medical field. Given the high level of effectiveness of " blender training ," we have implemented this method in the pedagogical process in the Qaraghandy Medical University for the development of professional competencies of students.


Writers on Keats, when discussing the central problem of the effects upon the poet of the contemptuous criticism directed against Endymion and against Keats personally, have presented various and often contradictory opinions. The two extreme views, namely, that Keats was killed by this criticism, or, on the other hand, that he was scarcely touched by it, are no longer regarded as tenable. The current opinion was first stated, I believe, by Sir Sidney Colvin when he wrote: the reviews of those days, especially the Edinburgh and Quarterly, had a real power of barring the acceptance and checking the sale of an author's work. What actually happened was that when a year or so later [after Endymion was condemned] Keats began to realise the harm which the reviews had done and were doing to his material prospects, these consequences in his darker hours preyed on him severely and conspired with the forces of disease and passion to his undoing.


Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, several professional athletes from different sports were infected by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the currently available scientific evidence regarding the cardiological, pulmonary, psychological, and combined sequelae, in professional athletes. Methods The present systematic review was performed following the PRISMA statements, thereby searching on 3 databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus. Primary studies published between January 2020 and March 2022, investigating symptomatic and instrumental sequelae in competitive athletes after COVID-19 infection, were included. Results A total of 1,957 articles were screened, finally 18 were included (6 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies and 10 cross-sectional studies). Studies' sample size ranged from a minimum of 12 to 1908 athletes playing different sports. In addition, the studies examined the following type of sequelae: 12 cardiological, 2 psychological, 1 pulmonary and 3 combined. Regarding the cardiological field, the prevalence of anomalies in instrumental examinations ranged 0-27.89% for first level tests (echocardiography, electrocardiogram, troponin), and 0-6.21% for second level tests (cardiac magnetic resonance). The prevalence of myocarditis and pericarditis in the athletes ranged from 0 to 3.33%, whereby the prevalence of myocarditis was in the range 0-2.32% and that of pericarditis in the range 0-2.22%. Conclusions The results show that post SARS-CoV-2 infection cardiac sequelae have a quite low prevalence among competitive athletes included in our review, but it would be important to set up a gradual and continuous testing approach to preserve sports performance. Public health framework, such as vaccination campaign, is important both at European and international level in order to address potential consequences of infectious diseases among competitive athletes. Key messages • It is important to monitor all COVID-19 sequelae in European competitive athletes playing different sports. • Considering anti-COVID-19 vaccination in competitive athletes as an important preventive measure, to limit the circulation of the virus and the physical consequences that may occur.


Study of reference evapotranspiration is important to find out the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, irrigation design, irrigation scheduling, cropping system model and water resource management. In this study the potential of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is investigated in modeling of daily reference evapotranspiration obtained using standard Penman-Monteith equation. Based on the intensive study of this paper, daily basis meteorological climatic data recorded from 2011 to 2015 were used to obtain the results. The study compares results obtained using Gradient Decent Momentum (GDM) with One Step Secant (OSS) learning algorithm,. Root mean square error, Coefficient of determination and Mean Absolute Percentage Error statics are used as criteria for evaluation of model performance. The developed GDM model for the ETo modeling shows good performance with RMSE index in the range of 0.301-0.311, MAPE between 8.982-9.749 and R 2 between 0.945-0.959 for training and testing period. Evaluated results show that MLP algorithm performs better than the MLR model.


Our earlier experimental work led us to the conclusion that the morphological changes of the vaginal epithelium occurring under the influence of estrogens are conditioned by an adequate status of the underlying connective tissue stroma. For instance, the vaginal epithelium surviving in organotypical cultures in vitro underwent hypertrophy under the influence of estrogens only in the limited region where it was in junction with its proper stroma; it did not, however, respond to estrogens in the regions where it spread on the surface of the plasma clot (Dux and Koziorowska, '58). Similar observations were made on heterotopic grafts of the vaginal mucosa of guinea pigs. The response to estrogens in such autografts may be very different and depends on the kind of the underlying connective tissue (Dux and Einhorn,'53). Besides, we have stated that deep histochemical changes occur in the tunica propria of the vagina of the mouse in response to estrogen. They are parallel to the morphological changes of the epithelium (Bartoszewicz and Zych, '60). The purpose of this work was to study the morphology of the basement membrane of the vaginal epithelium in connection with the processes occurring in the vaginal mucosa under the influence of estrogens. There was a further aim too: we tried to establish, whether in our transplantable vaginal tumors G93 and G94 of mice, there occur structures corresponding to the basement membrane of normal epithelium. Allen ('22) was the first who stated that the basement membrane of the vaginal epithelium in mice changes in the course of the sexual cycle. During the diestrus phase the epithelium has no clear-cut basement membrane. In proestrus and estrus the basement membrane is distinctly visible; in metestrus it becomes thinner. Green ('59) stated that estrogens and androgens were the most effective agents capable of influencing the fibrous components of the basement membrane of the vaginal epithelium in the ovariectomized mouse.


Gallery of gnomons Pencils gnomons Gnomons held with the hand Gnomons sticked in the ground Gnomons laid down on a board, without fixing Gnomons fixed on a board Bottle gnomon Other ways of fixing a gnomon Ready made gnomons Pencils gnomons Xewkija Alexandria Little Ferry Pencils gnomons Gnomons held with the hand Gnomons sticked in the ground Gnomons laid down on a board, without fixing Gnomons fixed on a board Bottle gnomon Other ways of fixing a gnomon (...)


Integrating information technology(IT) into the curriculum is a crucial phrase for IT in education in the renovation of college translation teaching since the late 1990's.This paper attempts to explore its application and inspiration in college translation teaching.The author concludes that IT plays a very important role in college translation teaching,which has great advantages over traditional approach.


Providing in-depth information on how to obtain high-performance materials by controlling their nanostructures, this handbook and ready reference covers both the bottom-up and the top-down approaches to the synthesis and processing of nanostructured materials.


Objective To explore and discuss the impacts of dexamethasone in perioperative preparation and postoperative recovery time for patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods 36 patients with hyperthyroidism were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,18 cases in each.The control group received routine preoperative preparation,while the treatment group was given dexamethasone preoperative intravenous infusion for 3d on the basis of the preparation in the control group.Time of preoperative preparation and time of postoperative recovery were recorded.Results Time of preoperative preparation and time of postoperative recovery in the treatment group were both shorter than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions Perioperative dexamethasone can effectively shorten the time of preoperative preparation and time of postoperative recovery.


The aging of the battery is comprehensively evaluated with the state of health (SOH) of the lithium ion battery. A simple SOH estimation method is presented in this paper. Firstly, according to the constant current (CC) charging voltage curve, three features (A1, A2, A3) are extracted. They can be obtained by the most basic and commonly used least square line fitting. These features are highly correlated with real SOH. Secondly, three estimation models are proposed, which are based on the regression models of parameters (A1, A2), (A2, A3) and (A1, A2, A3) respectively. Finally, the estimated errors of the experimental results are less than 3%, and these aging data comes from NASA data repository. The latter two regression models have higher estimation accuracy. This method only needs part of charging data and least square straight line fitting. It has low computational cost, less testing time and good robustness. The proposed method can not only estimate SOH of the battery, but also provides the foundation for battery life management strategy.


Fresh water bacteria' are continually carried into the sea by streams, leachings from the shore, dust and migrating animals. Salt water bacteria are also carried into fresh water. The interchange of bacteria between fresh water and the sea is so extensive and continuous that unless the environmental change is inhibitory we may expect to find many species common to both environments. The fate of fresh water bacteria in the sea is of considerable importance. The classification of marine bacteria would be greatly simplified if it were established that fresh water bacteria do not maintain themselves in the sea. If we must consider that any bacteria taken from the sea may be identical with fresh water forms the identification becomes more difficult. The higher forms of animals and plants are mainly distinct. To what degree this is true of the simpler forms, particularly bacteria, remains to be determined. The fate of the fresh water bacteria in the sea is of interest in connection with the general biology of that region. If the fresh water bacteria survive and carry on their activities as in fresh water we may apply much that we know of fresh water bacteriology to an analysis of changes occurring in the sea. The renewal of the food supply of the ocean as of the land depends, to a large extent, on bacterial decomposition. The fresh water and soil bacteria are responsible for the formation of the nitrates and other decomposition products favorable to plant life washed into the sea from the land. Do they also take part in the decom-


UPON THE collapse of the N.R.A. there was a significant shift of interest and influence in the field of legislative control of price cutting from attempts to secure Federal legislation to efforts to obtain state enactments. The unanimous favorable decision of the United States Supreme Court on December 7 of 1936 with respect to the Illinois and California Fair Trade Laws portends further significant development along these lines, with the strong possibility also of the passage of Federal enabling legislation. At the end of 1936 there were fifteen states in this country with fair trade laws identical with, or closely patterned upon, the original statute passed by California in 1931 and amended in 1933. These states, in addition to 'California, included New Jersey, Oregon, Washington, Iowa, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Virginia, Rhode Island, Louisiana, and Arizona. In addition to the state fair trade laws mentioned above, which legalize resale price controls under contract, there are allied enactments which are often confused with the resale price control laws, partly because of considerable similarity in intent but primarily because these other statutes are commonly also called "fair trade legislation." In this paper, space does not permit a detailed presentation of the laws of the various states. Fortunately, the general character of these "fair trade" acts, other than the resale price control laws can be shown by a brief statement of the California chronology, since California has been a pioneer in this field. THE CALIFORNIA 'CHRONOLOGY


General. Unless otherwise indicated, all compounds and reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Proton and fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are recorded at either 300 or 400 MHz. Fluorine NMR spectra are internally referenced relative to 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and proton NMR spectra to CDCl3. All chemical shifts (δ) are given in ppm and coupling constants (J) are given in Hz. Electrospray mass spectrometry was obtained from the Scripps Research Institute Mass Spectrometry Facility. Optical rotations were measured using a 1.00 dm path length cell. Crystal structure determination was performed at the UCSD Department of Chemistry and Biochemitry Small Molecule X-Ray facillity (Dr. Peter Gantzel) on a Bruker SMART APEX CCD X-ray Diffractometer.


Thermal transitions of the semi-crystalline isotactic polypropylene, in polypropylene/polypyrrole blends and polypropylene/polypyrrole/montmorillonite composites, processed by two different ways, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Glass transition temperature of polypropylene was found to remain unchanged at 269 K, whereas the crystallization rate was found to be higher in the blends and composites, which is explained in terms of increased concentration of extrinsic crystallization nuclei. The effect is larger in the materials processed by mixing and subsequent compression molding as compared to the materials prepared directly by compression molding. The degree of crystallinity of polypropylene did not show any systematic variation with composition, whereas it is slightly higher for the samples prepared by direct compression molding, being in the range of 50–59%. The polypropylene in the blends and the composites crystallizes in the stable α form, whereas metastable crystallites of the β form were observed as a minor component, depending on the thermal history of the samples. The results are discussed on the basis of the picture emerging from morphological studies.


We propose a neural conversation system with memory mechanism to realize natural conversation exchanges considering the previous utterances. The neural conversation system consists of a Sequence-to-Sequence model and a memory mechanism. The Sequence-to-Sequence model can generate gramatically correct replies and the memory network can consider the previous utterances. The proposed method is trained with Cornell Movie-Dialog corpus and realize conversations between human and a; computer. We confirm that the proposed method can generate replies depending on the previous utterances but it is difficult to generate semantically correct utterances.


The relationship that luxury brands have with the digital world is a love-and-hate one: brands wonder how to use it without damaging their identity and their spirit of luxury, while relying upon a distribution and communication network with a priori counter-luxury characteristics. Since luxury consumption assumes semiotic metacognition from the clients, it makes sense to understand how a new semiotic e-system is set, enabling the audience to acknowledge the luxury nature of the brands on display even if present in an a priori counter-luxury medium. This paper is focused on such identification. Using content analysis and Perceian semiotics, we identify two e-semiotics systems, with their various representamen and interpretants. We observe a shift from brand communication to product communication and from purchase experience and context to price. The definition of what luxury is through digital tools is thus specific to its context, and yet not similar to its offline definition.


This research is to investigate the expected impact of residential relocation, caused by firms' relocation, on commuting behavior. Transit-Oriented Development(TOD) assumes that subway accessibility increase the use of non-automobile travel mode, while decreasing automobile dependence, because of relationship between residence and employment location. In this sense, the research specifically investigates the impact of residential relocation, resulting from firms' relocation to the Kangnam subway station area, on commuting behavior. It also estimates that the impact of subway accessibility is able to enhance increasing the sustainability of commuting behavior, in terms of the change to more sustainable travel modes such as subway or bus. For these purposes, the research surveyed the previous and current locations of firms and housing for the employees whose firms relocated to the Kangnam station area during the recent years. The research identified that residential movement after the firm relocation had influenced decreasing average commuting time of the employees. Futhermore, the relocation of firms to the subway station area attracted employees to take subway rather than solo-driving. The result of a ordered logit model estimating the change of commuting mode choice, eg. from car to subway or to bus, shows that it has a significant impact on the shift to better sustainable commuting mode along with residential relocation.


Abstract The focus of attention in this article is that of milieux as forges for creativity and renewal. Among the milieux presented are places, corporations and research institutions. The renewal discussed here includes art, architecture, music and literature as well as science and technology. The goal of this article is to identify characteristics of importance in environments where exceptionally creative individuals develop and make their abilities visible. Individual lives are illustrated through the biographies of Nobel laureates. Their stories reveal the importance of geographic mobility, the patterns of contact for various creative processes, and show how a small number of biographical sketches can reflect changes in society at large. To avoid drowning in wordy descriptions, the observations garnered from various biographies have been systematized with the aid of a few simple time‐geography diagrams.


The dispiacement of transversely isotropic foundation under the level strip uniformly distributed load are analyzed. The rules of displacement with the different ratios of modulus of elasticity are drawn. The approximate solution for dispiacements of transversely isotropic foundation under the level strip uniformly distributed load is proposed.


N, N-dimethyltrimethylsilylamine( DMATMS) was synthesized by reacting trimethylchlorosilane( TMCS) with dimethylamine catalyzed by trimethylmethoxysilane in the solvent 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene( TMB). Effects of molar ratio of TMCS to TMB,reaction temperature,amount of catalyst,feeding time of TMCS and reaction time on the yield of DMATMS were investigated,and the target compound was characterized by means of FTIR,1HNMR and GC. The results indicate that the highest yield of DMATMS was 90. 77% when the molar ratio of TMCS to TMB was 1∶2,the reaction temperature was 30 ℃,amount of catalyst was 0. 3 mL,feeding time of TMCS was 15 min,and reaction time was 60 min. After purification,the purity of DMATMS reached 97. 31%.


results. However, none of these problems are insurmountable, especially for this group who are (mostly) already having frequent and regular contact with medical services. In an age where expensive screening procedures such as ultrasound are performed almost routinely in most pregnancies, it seems to us somewhat ludicrous that routine screening with a relatively inexpensive and accurate serological test of all pregnant women for HIV is not strongly endorsed by all relevant professional groups as well as government health departments and agencies.


To the Editor.—
 I read with interest the study by Arruda et al1 concerning the recovery of organisms from maxillary sinuses. The authors were able to isolate bacteria from 6 (29%) of the 21 patients with normal maxillary sinus radiographs. These findings support our earlier observation in which we recovered aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in uninfected maxillary sinuses.2 The colonization of the sinus cavity with oral flora may explain the chain of events that lead to infection.


Abstract : Research and theoretical speculations concerning the human link as one source of vulnerability in military communication systems are highlighted. The following factors were concerned: (1) Characteristics of the message, including amount of information and readability; (2) The physical environment, with specific reference to noise, atmospheric and thermal conditions, and stress including isolation and confinement; and (3) Characteristics of the human operator including sensory, perceptual and intellectual capacities; vigilance and susceptibility to fatigue; training and memory; social, motivational and personality factors; and psychopathology.


Southern European countries, with their apparently high degree of collective bargaining centralisation and state regulations, may seem to be little affected by the EU Directive on adequate minimum wages. This article looks at the case of Italy, the EU country generally reported to have the highest collective bargaining coverage in Europe, to show how the situation on the ground is more problematic than conventional indicators suggest. Not only does Italy lack a national minimum wage and a legal framework for collective bargaining extension, but its apparent high level of collective bargaining coverage is vulnerable to wage dumping practices. The article identifies the weaknesses of the Italian system and proposes some possible lines of reform.


This paper investigates the injection enhancement effect of a trench gate structure for a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) controlled power transistor called an injection enhanced gate transistor (IEGT). By virtue of the enhancement in effective electron injection efficiency, 4.5 kV IEGTs attain a thyristor-like carrier profile during the on-state, and hence achieve the same low on-state voltage drop as that of thyristors. The operation mode of the IEGT was studied using a two-dimensional numerical simulation, and verified by device fabrication. It was confirmed that the proposed novel trench gate geometry acts as an injection enhancer by restricting the hole diffusion current which flows from the n-type high-resistance base layer to the cathode electrode. It is shown for the first time that the effective electron injection efficiency of the n-ch insulated gate bipolar transistor increases to nearly 1. It is also shown that the new trench gate structure effectively decreases the forward voltage drop without degradation of turn-off capability.


The Wood delayed loudness balance method was studied in normal and pathologic ears to determine the characteristics of suprathreshold auditory adaptation in three groups of subjects. No consistent ...


Copaifera is a tree that produces an oleoresin that has great historical and economic importance. These oleoresins display several pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial, among others. The commercialization of Copaifera oleoresin occurs, in many cases, without any quality control, which facilitates its adulteration. Validated analytical methods can provide a safe quality control. In this work, the 800 Automatic Spinning Band Distillation equipment was used to perform the fractionation of the volatile oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Copaifera multijuga, C. paupera, C. Publifora and C. langsdorffii, aiming to isolate and purify the major compounds present in these oils. For purification, classical column chromatography was used, furnishing six isolated sesquiterpenes. The sesquiterpenes were used as standards in the development and validation of the method by GC-FID. The evaluated parameters were selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness and they are all in accordance with ANVISA and International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The developed method is reliable for the quantification of sesquiterpenes in Copaifera oleoresins. Both volatile oils and isolated sesquiterpenes had their minimum inhibitory concentration determined against strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. Copaifera langsdorffi oleoresin was the only one active against all of the evaluated microorganisms, displaying good antimicrobial potential.


The hypermetabolic syndrome in severely burnt patients leads to secondary immunodeficiency, the decrease in wounds epithelialization, and translocation of microorganisms in the intestine, thereby contributing to the development of sepsis. Despite many approaches to the correction of hypermetabolism the goals of treatment remain unreached. Objectives. To develop a method for the prevention of sepsis in a burn disease by correcting the hypermetabolic syndrome and to evaluate its efficacy. Material and methods. A cohort study of severely burnt patients with a high probability of sepsis was conducted. The


In this paper,the Reed-solomon coding for error control in high-speed parallel modem is briefly introduced at first.Then a suit of simplified and applied method is presented for coding and decoding RS code,which is convenient for realization with DSP.Furthemore,the real-time simulation with TMS320C5410b indicates this method is feasible.


The effects of crop residues and their extracts on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are not well documented. Three experiments were conducted with crop residues and their ethanol and partition extracts. Oat, vetch, bean, pearl millet, corn and wheat were assessed under controlled conditions. Sclerotia covered with oat, vetch, bean and pearl millet residues did not germinate carpogenically. Ethanol extracts of oat and vetch residues were efficient in inhibiting carpogenic germination whereas pearl millet and wheat did not differ from control. All partitioned ethanol extracts inhibited germination. Crop residues negatively affected the number of apothecia per sclerotium.


The science course in primary school level has been reconstructed and its name has been changed to "science and technology course" by Turkish Ministry of Education in 2004.The new curriculum has highlighted the scientific literacy and at the same time it became a student centered curriculum. Without taking the teachers\' ideas, it is not possible to conclude a successful curriculum change. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to identify science and technology teachers\' views about the new curriculum. For this aim, a 24-itemed likert type scale was conducted to 312 science and technology inservice teachers around the city of Izmir and the results were analyzed. Results showed that most of the teachers participated in the study believe that the new program is suitable to students\' level, has developed according to students\' developmental level, provide opportunities foIlkogretim fen ve teknoloji programi, fen ve teknoloji ogretmeni, ogretmen gorusuPrimary School Science and Technology program, Science and technology teacher, teacher's views Tam Metin Arsiv Yil :2014 Cilt :34 No:2Yil :2014 Cilt :34 No:1Yil :2013 Cilt :33 No:3Yil :2013 Cilt :33 No:2Yil :2013 Cilt :33 No:1Yil :2012 Cilt :32 No:3Yil :2012 Cilt :32 No:2Yil :2012 Cilt :32 No:1Yil :2011 Cilt :31 No:3Yil :2011 Cilt :31 No:2Yil :2011 Cilt :31 No:1Yil :2010 Cilt :30 No:3Yil :2010 Cilt :30 No:2Yil :2010 Cilt :30 No:1Yil :2009 Cilt :29 No:3Yil :2009 Cilt :29 No:2Yil :2009 Cilt :29 No:1Yil :2008 Cilt :28 No:3Yil :2008 Cilt :28 No:2Yil :2008 Cilt :28 No:1Yil :2007 Cilt :27 No:3Yil :2007 Cilt :27 No:2Yil :2007 Cilt :27 No:1Yil :2006 Cilt :26 No:3Yil :2006 Cilt :26 No:2Yil :2006 Cilt :26 No:1Yil :2005 Cilt :25 No:3Yil :2005 Cilt :25 No:2Yil :2005 Cilt :25 No:1Yil :2004 Cilt :24 No:3Yil :2004 Cilt :24 No:2Yil :2004 Cilt :24 No:1Yil :2003 Cilt :23 No:3Yil :2003 Cilt :23 No:2Yil :2003 Cilt :23 No:1Yil :2002 Cilt :22 No:3Yil :2002 Cilt :22 No:2Yil :2002 Cilt :22 No:1Yil :2001 Cilt :21 No:3Yil :2001 Cilt :21 No:2Yil :2001 Cilt :21 No:1


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the factors, which may potentially influence green product buying decision among young consumers in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
A perceived lack of intention to buy green products observed among the Malaysian Generation Young consumers has sparked the interest to carry out this study. With the aid of structured questionnaires, data were collected from a total of 217 respondents, between 18 and 25 years of age.

Findings
The results of data analysis indicated that environmental consciousness, eco-label, price and advertising were significant predictors of green product buying behaviour. Contrary to the hypothesis, attitude was not a significant predictor of green buying behaviour among young consumers. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are outlined at the end of this paper.

Originality/value
This study offers empirical insights from the perspective of an emerging economy on the determinants of green products buying behaviour among young consumers.


A new technique to promote crystal growth in aqueous solution using gas plasma is proposed. In this method, short‐lived radical species produced in solution which is contacted with gas corona discharge play a role to increase chemical potential of inorganic solute. In an experimental examination, single crystal of KDP was grown in a supersaturated solution which receives oxygen ions and radicals from adjacent corona discharge in air. KDP crystal has two unique growth faces (100) and (101), and the growth rates of both faces were increased considerably by generating the corona discharge. The both growth rates with and without corona discharge were well converged by one function based on chemical potential supersaturation. This result revealed that the solution in contact with gas corona discharge has a larger capacity of chemical potential than that without the discharge. Short‐lived species induced by gas corona discharge are considered to be anti‐solvents to cause this effect. The crystal growth process proposed here is considered to be an excellent method in terms of low impurity inclusion because such short‐lived species do not remain in the final crystal products and solution. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In DDA 1995, 2005 or 605? Hanaa Sayed briefly explores the Five Pillars of Islam and how they catered to those with disabilities thousands of years prior to modern laws preventing workplace disability discrimination (Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA, 1995)).


Background: Foetus can be infected by HIV-positive pregnant women. A research to assess the seroprevalence and socio-demographic parameters of antenatal pregnant women in a pre-tertiary health facility, Uyo was carried out Methods: Standard serological and statistical methods were employed. Results: As we previously presented in a conference: "A total of 184 pregnant women were screened and thirty-seven (20.1%) of them were HIV-positive. The ages of all the women ranged from 17-44 years, out of which the age group 35-39 years had the highest prevalence (41.2%) of HIV-positive women, followed by 25-29years (24.4%) while <20 years and ≥40years had none. Married pregnant women had the highest overall prevalence of 14.1% while individual who registered in the hospital as divorcees had highest prevalence (70%) within group. Working pregnant women were more affected (21.9%) than unemployed counterparts (17.8%), just as the educated were more affected (23.9%) than the uneducated (17.9%). None of the pregnant women was undergoing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programs. Unmarried youth, underage and those who registered as divorcee were more than the pregnant women". Conclusions: There is need to further emphasize HIV screening among pregnant women in developing countries to commence PMTCT promptly. As we also concluded in a conference presentation, "the urgent need for PMTCT programme in this study area becomes obvious due adverse maternal and foetal outcome associated with HIV positive participants."


It is appropriate to speak of the age of water at a particular point in the distribution system since the chemical and biological changes underlying declining quality proceed at varying rates- depending on temperature and concentration of reactants. A discussion of those infamous "dead ends" in a distribution system may suggest that stagnation is detrimental in itself. This is misleading. Instead, it should be emphasized that water in these areas has had more time in which to corrode, the products of corrosion have had more time in which to precipitate, organisms have had more time in which to grow, and ferrous iron and organic matter have had more time in which to reduce chlorine. The committee studying control of water quality in transmission and distribution began its work by arbitrarily arranging water-quality changes under three headings: corrosion and deposition, biological aftergrowths, and taste and odor changes. It soon became apparent, however, that these aspects of waterquality change are tightly intertwined, so that the first furnishes a habitat in the form of soft deposits and tubercles to protect the second, that, in many cases, gives rise to the third. Changes in Appearance Corrosion has held the attention of the water industry from its beginning. This attention has centered on a series of inorganic chemical reactions whereby electrons provided at anodic areas are consumed at cathodic areas. In a sense, cor-j rosion is a flow of electrons, but life is also a flow of electrons and the oxidation of iron is an energy-yielding process. In


Malassezia pachydermatis, a lipophilic, unipolar-budding yeast is a commensal on canine skin and it can be isolated from the skin and ear canals of healthy dogs. A dermatitis associated with elevated cutaneous populations of M. pachydermatis has been increasingly recognised in the last two decades and one of the most common underlying causes ofMalassezia overgrowth in dogs is atopic dermatitis. The aim of these studies was to investigate two aspects of the host's protective responses against the organism activation of a humoral immune response and thickening of the skin by epidermal hyperplasia. The interaction between M. pachydermatis and the host's immune system has not been widely studied either in normal or atopic dogs. To investigate antibody responses to M. pachydermatis, Western blotting techniques were used to detect Malassezia-specific IgG and IgE binding proteins from M. pachydermatis in atopic dogs with or without Malassezia dermatitis and normal dogs. By comparing the binding activity on the immunoblots, atopic dogs with Malassezia dermatitis showed much greater IgG and IgE responses to M. pachydermatis than normal dogs. The IgG in sera from the majority of the atopic dogs with Malassezia dermatitis recognised a 25 kDa protein, which was only seen in less than 25 % of the atopic dogs without Malassezia dermatitis and none of the normal dogs. Proteins of 45, 52, 56, and 63 kDa were recognised by IgE in more than 50 % of the atopic dogs with Malassezia dermatitis, but only recognised by a minority of normal dog sera, and therefore represented major allergens. These results suggest that Malassezia dermatitis in atopic dogs is associated with an IgG and IgE response to the organism, with the


The conceptualized effectiveness of asynchronous online discussions on learners' levels of interaction as a facet of delayed learning in learning management systems (LMSs) and as a supplement to face-to-face (FTF) classroom interaction is an integral part of the digital transformation of the teaching and learning process especially during and after COVID-19, and a key indicator of the quality of instruction. The current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of facilitating two-construct e-interactions (teacher-student, student-student) using the asynchronous interaction tool supplied on the LMSs, namely discussion boards, from the perceptions of the key stakeholders: the instructors and the students. This study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to investigate the effectiveness of the instructional technique and mode that predominantly augment e-interactions. Data were collected using an online survey, content analysis of threads, and two focus-groups interviews. Analysis of data included using descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency, and t-tests using SPSS in addition to analysis of interviews. The significant findings of the study, the rationalized theoretical frameworks, and antecedent research outlined suggest key pedagogical implications that need to be considered by practitioners and educational decision-makers to ensure the implementation of effectual e-interactions in the enduring contexts of distance learning post COVID-19.


associated with RAS [1,4]. Links to certain viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, adenovirus, and Coxsackie virus, have been suggested but not established [4]. In addition to tbe above viruses, reactivation of locally latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) may be a cause of apbthous ulcerations [5]. Acyclovir is a specific antiviral agent tbat is highly active against several herpes viruses, including herpes simplex 1 and 2. VZV. and Epstein-Barr virus [6-9]. We carried out tbis study in order to evaluate the preventive effect of oral acyclovir, an effective drug against VZV. on RAS.


This research attempts to analyze the physical characteristics of middle school girls and compare the product sizes and patterns of school uniform blouses by brand. And wearing tests were performed regarding the appearance of blouse by bland. The results are follows. The standard deviation for bust circumference and waist circumference of middle school girls measured in 2004 were showed extremely large difference among individuals compared to the previous results. While waist back length reached adult size by grade high school, bishoulder length reached adult size by grade middle school. And girls after grade middle school had their depth and breadth of bust, underbust circumference and bust circumference growing proportionally. These results need to be reflected in producing a pattern drafting for middle schoolers. By comparing wearing test results on appearance, it was shown that in terms of ease of bust circumference, the expert group evaluated brand with less ease as not having adequate ease compared to brand, while the middle schooler group evaluated as having sufficient ease. The front silhouette also showed same results. This reflects the preference for appearance by the middle schooler group, which is a factor to be considered during pattern drafting of school uniform blouse.


The electronic structure and high pressure structural phase transition of SmTe and SmPo have been studied by using tight binding linear muffin-tin-orbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local density approximation (LDA). The total energy as a function of volume is obtained and it is found that these compounds are stable in NaCl-type (B1-phase) structure and transform to CsCl-type (B2-type) structure. The transition pressure of SmTe and SmPo are found to be 6.6 GPa and 8.6 GPa respectively. We have also calculated lattice parameter (a0), bulk modulus (B0), band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS). From energy band diagram, we observed that these compounds exhibit weakly metallic behaviour. The calculated values of lattice parameter and bulk modulus agree well with the available data.


We consider the lossy transmission of source information over Rayleigh fading channels. We investigate the usefulness of various channel capacity definitions, namely ergodic capacity, where it is assumed that the channel transitions over all the fading states, and outage capacity, where the source is transmitted at a constant rate with a specified outage probability. We also study the outage rate and expected source distortion for different outage probabilities. It is observed that the outage probabilities required to maximize outage rate and minimize expected distortion are quite different. This implies that schemes based on maximizing capacity might not lead to the most efficient design for the lossy transmission of source information over wireless networks. We also show that minimizing expected distortion over a wireless link does not necessarily minimize the variance of the distortion, and hence parameter selection based on minimizing expected distortion can lead to a high distortion for a specific realization. Finally, we observe that in a Rayleigh fading channel, in addition to a capacity distribution, there is a source distortion distribution at the receiver for a memoryless Gaussian source. A careful investigation of the capacity and source distortion distributions reveal that the probability of achieving the expected source distortion increases with an increase in average signal to noise ratio (SNR) unlike the case of ergodic capacity. I. I NTRODUCTION Recently, there has been considerable interest in source transmission over wireless networks. Several cross-layer design schemes have been proposed that improve the physical, link and network layers using a joint optimization framewor k [1]. There has also been some theoretical interest in evalua ting source fidelity over a multihop channel [2], and in comparing source and channel diversity for various channel condition s [3]. In this paper, we compare the source distortion for two definitions of channel capacity, ergodic capacity and outag e capacity, with and without channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter [4]. Ergodic capacity assumes that the fading transitions through all possible fading states, and thus might not be very useful in practice for source transmission with fixed delay constraints. Outage capacity transmits at the maximum rate for a specified outage probability. Both of these definitions lead to different source distortion at t he receiver. We also observe that the outage probability that maximizes outage rate is quite different from the outage This research has been supported by the California Micro Pro gram, Applied Signal Technology, Dolby Labs, Inc., Mindspeed, and Qualco mm, Inc., by NSF Grant Nos. CCF-0429884 and CNS-0435527, and by the UC Dis covery Grant Program and Nokia, Inc. probability that minimizes source distortion. This sugges ts that schemes maximizing ergodic capacity or outage rate might no t necessarily be optimal for transmitting information sourc e with high fidelity over wireless networks. In [2], the optimal transmission rate to minimize the expected received distortion is obtained for single and multi hop wireless connections. In this paper, we show that the optimal rate to minimize expected distortion at the receiver can produce a large variance in the distortion. Hence in practic e, schemes designed to minimize expected distortion can perfo rm quite poorly for individual realizations. We also evaluate th distribution of achieved source distortion for an i.i.d Gaussian source transmitted over a Rayleigh fading link with CSI available at both the transmitter and receiver. It is observ ed that the expected distortion cannot be guaranteed with high reliability at low SNRs. The paper is outlined as follows. In the next section, we provide a brief description of the different notions of chan nel capacity used in wireless communications and evaluate the expected source distortion for different scenarios. In Sec tion III, we compare the expected distortion at the receiver for t wo s hemes of source transmission, namely, maximizing the out age rate and minimizing the expected distortion, respectiv ly. We also compare the expected distortion and the variance of the distortion for a single-hop channel. In Section IV, we study the distribution of capacity and source distortion fo r different SNRs and observe that the expected distortion can ot be achieved with a high reliability for low SNRs. Section V states some conclusions. II. ERGODIC CAPACITY, OUTAGE CAPACITY AND EXPECTED DISTORTION We discuss the classical definitions of channel capacity for fading channels and its applications to source transmissio n over fading channels. The system model consists of a single hop channel as shown in Fig. 1. We provide a brief review of the channel capacity definitions for the case that CSI is unavailable at the transmitter but available at the receive r. A detailed description of the capacity of flat fading channels can be obtained in [4].


A major impediment to cancer treatment is the development of resistance by the tumor. P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) are involved in multidrug resistance. In addition to the extrusion of chemotherapeutic agents through these transporters, it has been reported that there are differences in the intracellular distribution of chemotherapeutic agents between drug resistant cells and sensitive cells. Cepharanthine is a plant alkaloid that effectively reverses resistance to anticancer agents. It has been previously shown that cepharanthine is an effective agent for the reversal of resistance in P‐gp‐overexpressing cells. Cepharanthine has also been reported to have numerous pharmacological effects besides the inhibition of P‐gp. It has also been found that cepharanthine enhanced sensitivity to doxorubicin (ADM) and vincristine (VCR), and enhanced apoptosis induced by ADM and VCR of P‐gp negative K562 cells. Cepharanthine changed the distribution of ADM from cytoplasmic vesicles to nucleoplasm in K562 cells by inhibiting the acidification of cytoplasmic organelles. Cepharanthine in combination with ADM should be useful for treating patients with tumors. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 372–376)


Semiconductor nanowires are of large fundamental and technological interest due to a high level of flexibility in the material and structural composition. The electro-optical properties of the nanowires can be modified by growing quantum dots (QDs) within the wires. Such QDs are especially promising as single photon sources, due to good control of their size and shape. To predict the optical transition probabilities, the wavefunctions of the electrons and holes in GaAs QDs in an AlGaAs nanowire are calculated using the k.p method. The QDs are highly symmetric with hexagonal cross sections. Tools from group symmetry can therefore be used to obtain better understanding of the transitions. The work is carried out at the Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunications and UniK (Kjeller), in collaboration with EPFL (Switzerland).


To reduce the fluctuation of the heat source water temperature and ambient temperature caused by variations in solar radiation, a solar absorption refrigeration system with a supplementary biomass combustion device for the office area of a factory was designed. A numerical model of the solar energy absorption refrigeration system based on the Aspen Plus software was developed. In particular, the effects of the heat source water temperature, condenser temperature, evaporation temperature, and dilute solution flow rate on the cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, unit equipment duty, and generator temperature during actual operation were investigated. The heat load of each piece of equipment in the unit were found to increase correspondingly with the increase of the heat source temperature when the evaporating temperature and condensing temperature are constant. The coefficient of performance of the unit decreased as the condensing temperature increased keeping the temperature of the heat source constant. The results demonstrated that the flow rate of the dilute solution has effects on the occurrence temperature, cooling capacity, and the unit performance coefficient.


Many nuclear power plant components were originally designed to the requirements of ASME Code, Section III, Class 1. These components have a specific fatigue analysis based on a set of cyclic operating conditions considered to be conservative at the time of design. As part of the licensing requirements for most U.S. plants, plant owners agreed to limit the number of selected transients by including cyclic limitations in the plant Technical Specifications. This paper explores the relationship of component design basis to actual cyclic operation. Also, the consequences and actions associated with discovering previously unanalyzed events are discussed. It is concluded that fatigue monitoring for a few fatigue sensitive components is a technically acceptable alternative to the cycle counting requirements contained in most Technical Specifications, and can be used to fulfill the related requirements associated with the plant licensing basis.


Background: With the development of science and technology in China, more and more scientific and technological products and applications are being applied in the field of agriculture. However, due to the overall low level of education, the deep influence of traditional ideas and the poor ability to accept and adapt to new things, the popularization of agricultural science and technology in some agricultural areas of China is greatly hindered. The root cause of these phenomena is a variety of bad psychology of farmers, among which the more typical psychological states are conformity psychology, conservative psychology, stability seeking psychology and contradictory psychology. The influence way of conformity psychology is that if most residents around farmers do not use scientific and technological products, they will probably choose not to apply. The influence mode of conservative psychology is that even if technicians have explained the application mode of scientific and technological products, farmers are reluctant to believe in the reliability of new technologies if they do not see successful use and economic benefits. It refers to the fear of using new technologies to reduce the yield of new products or reduce the quality of cultivation. Ambivalence means that although they want to adopt new technologies, they are skeptical about the effectiveness of new technologies and hesitate to take action. These psychological phenomena of farmers have certain objective rationality, but the extension personnel of agricultural science and technology products can also use psychology to improve the success rate of product promotion, which is the focus of this research. Objective: To explore the common psychology of farmers in the promotion of agricultural science and technology products and services and its impact on the promotion work, so as to put forward some countermeasures to improve the service promotion efficiency of agricultural science and technology products, so as to provide some useful decision-making basis for improving the level of agricultural science and technology and the output and quality of agricultural products in China. Objects and methods: Select a town with serious obstacles in the promotion of agricultural science and technology products, and then select


We analyze the geometry of the species– and genotype-size distribution in evolving and adapting populations of singlestranded self-replicating genomes: here programs in the Avida world. We find that a scale-free distribution (power law) emerges in complex landscapes that achieve a separation of two fundamental time scales: the relaxation time (time for population to return to equilibrium after a perturbation) and the time between mutations that produce fitter genotypes. The latter can be dialed by changing the mutation rate. In the scaling regime, we determine the critical exponent of the distribution of sizes and strengths of avalanches in a system without coevolution, described by first-order phase transitions in single finite niches.


Part 1 Economic analysis of saving: microeconomic aspects of saving, B. Kauffmann macroeconomic aspects of saving, W.H. Buiter savings and taxation, J. Owens. Part 2 Empirical evidence: saving in the USA, L.J. Lau saving in Western Europe, J.P. Fitoussi saving in Eastern Europe, B.W. Ickes saving in Japan, Ch. Horioka. Part 3 Policy conclusions: towards an international savings policy, W. Duisenberg and A. Wellink.


The methanol gasoline sample was evaporated,than extraction with nitric acid(1 +9),sodium in methanol gasoline was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.The wavelengths of determining sodium was 589.0 nm,and the linear ranges was 0~1.6ug/ml.The test for the extractant was carried out and nitric acid was selected as extractant.The method has been applied for the determination of with sodium with the recovery of 97.5~102.5%.


The low-power and lossy wide-area networks (LLNs) have their unique characteristics compared to the fixed networks. The Named Data Networking (NDN) is well suited in such scenario for content request. OSPFN and NLSR have been designed for routing in NDN. Since they are extended from OSPF routing protocol, they do not function well in LLNs. This paper proposes the Named-data Routing Protocol for LLNs (NRPL), which extends the newly developed IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) by IETF. The new messages are presented to publish content both upstream and downstream in the LLNs. The storing and non-storing modes, as well as the multipath routing and security are supported in the proposed NRPL. The performance evaluation compares the control message overhead with different routing topologies and shows the performance improvement on the content request latency.


The present invention discloses a lateral flow device or a host-care clinical analyzer is used, wherein the lateral flow device comprises a planar support member, said planar support member having thereon at least one sample addition zone and disposed at least one reaction zone. The sample addition zone and a reaction zone formed in the fluid interconnected to one another and at least one lateral fluid flow path. The lateral flow device is sized to be retained within the storage compartment space defined by the hollow interior of the analyzer, and having therein a plurality of laterally held in a stacked relationship flow assay device.


A technique which uses trained neural nets to model the compressor in the context of a turbocharged diesel engine simulation is introduced. This technique replaces the usual interpolation of compressor maps with the evaluation of a smooth mathematical function. Following presentation of the methodology, the proposed neural net technique is validated against data from a truck type, 6-cylinder 14-liter diesel engine. Furthermore, with the introduction of an additional parameter, the proposed neural net can be trained to simulate an entire family of compressors. As a demonstration, a family of compressors of different sizes is represented with a single neural net model which is subsequently used for matching calculations with intercooled and nonintercooled engine configurations at different speeds. This novel approach readily allows for evaluation of various options within a wide range of possible compressor configurations prior to prototype production. It can also be used to represent the variable geometry machine regardless of the method used to vary compressor characteristics. Hence, it is a powerful design tool for selection of the best compressor for a given diesel engine system and for broader system optimization studies.


The stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) were analysed in the feathers of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) and Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) staying in the different seasons at the Lithuanian Baltic Sea coast. Stable isotope ratios in bird feathers represented dietary variations and foraging habitats during the feather growth period. Adult Great Cormorants fed juveniles by smaller fish at the beginning of fledging, switching later to larger prey. The stable isotope analysis indicated that the Grey Heron diet did not change significantly during the fledging period of their juveniles. The calculated trophic levels of Great Cormorants and Grey Herons were similar (3.55 ± 0.12 and 3.57 ± 0.41, respectively). The isotopic values in Grey Herons and Great Cormorants were 14.6–16.0‰ for δ15N and –27.3–(–24.9)‰ for δ13C. These values are typical of piscivorous bird species mostly feeding in freshwater bodies, i. e. in the Curonian Lagoon. The δ15N values found in the feathers of Long-tailed Ducks ranged from 7.7 to 13.9‰ and the δ13C values ranged from –33.6 to –24.9‰ showing high variation of feeding habitats during the moulting period: from freshwater to marine environment.


OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author Lasse Aaltonen Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted May 3, 2010 Manuscript revised August 30, 2010 Date of the defence October 29, 2010 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor Instructor Abstract


Accurate overburden handling cost estimation methods are essential to effective pre-mining planning for post-mining landforms and land uses. With the aim of developing such methods, the authors have been monitoring costs at a contour surface mine in Wise County, Virginia since January 1, 1984. Early in the monitoring period, the land was being returned to its Approximate Original Contour (AOC) in a manner common to the Appalachian region since implementation of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). More recently, mining has been conducted under an experimental variance from the AOC provisions of SMCRA which allowed a near-level bench to be constructed across the upper surface of two mined points and an intervening filled hollow. All mining operations are being recorded by location. The cost of spoil movement is calculated for each block of coal mined between January 1, 1984, and August 1, 1985. Per cubic yard spoil handling and reclamation costs are compared by mining block. The average cost of spoil handling was $1.90 per bank cubic yard; however, these costs varied widely between blocks. The reasons for those variations included the landscape positions of the mining blocks and spoil handling practices. The average reclamation costmore » was $0.08 per bank cubic yard of spoil placed in the near level bench on the mined point to $0.20 for spoil placed in the hollow fill. 2 references, 4 figures.« less


The problems are described which the practicing engineer encounters who unwittingly approaches the realization of IIR digital filters for the first time. It is assumed that suitable design programs arc available to calculate the coefficients, and it is desired only to implement the filter. Elegant solutions are provided for some of the most intimidating problems typically encountered, which are I) input scaling requirements, 2) truncation noise propagation and recirculation, and 3) accurate low critical frequency filtering. It is shown that the direct form I noncanonic topology is the best for use in digital filtering , and while 16/32-bit DSP chips such as the TMS32010 or the ADSP21 00 can be used in many applications of high-fidelity digital audio , they will not meet the most demanding requirements.


This article addresses how to assess public-sector reforms using a reform in the Norwegian welfare administration as a case study. This reform represents a complex hybrid organizational form and a challenging combination of political control and local autonomy. We examine first how the reform has addressed its three main goals. These were to get people off welfare and back into work, to bring about more service-orientation, and to increase efficiency. We also address the side-effects of the reform by describing operational effects, process effects and system effects. Second, we examine how effects can be understood from an instrumental, cultural, and environmental perspective. A main finding is that context is significant for effects, and that it has so far proven difficult to discern clear overall effects concerning the main goals of the reforms and their side-effects.


Recommender system emerges as a technology addressing "information overload" problem. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is successful and widely used in many personalized recommender applications, such as digital library, e-commerce, news sites, and so on. However, most collaborative filtering algorithms suffer from data sparsity problem which leads to inaccuracy of recommendation. This paper is with an eye to missing data imputation strategies in nearest-neighbor CF. We propose two novel effective CF approaches based on missing data imputation, which utilizes user's demographic information before conducting CF process. In the experiments, user's age range and occupation information are employed in the imputation stage. The results show that the proposed approaches effectively smooth the sparsity of rating data, and perform better prediction than traditional widely-used CF algorithms.


The article reveals trends of changing historical periods of the detente and the escalation of tension in the relations between Russia, the European Union (EU) and the United States. It summarizes the major socio-political problems that impede the establishment of the more effective triangular cooperation. The article also analyzes the state and prospects of the existence of the EU as one of the main factors affecting the relationships in the geopolitical triangle. The basic scenarios and prospects for relations between Russia, the European Union and the United States under various transformations of EU structures are given.


In this paper, by modifying an existing graph-database keyword search algorithm DPBF [1] in a straightforward strategy, we propose such an algorithm that can find exact top-k answers, with eliminating redundant answers, in an exact ranked order in O((2l+1mk + 3lnk · logk)log(2lnk)) run time (l: the number of keywords; k: top-k; n: the number of nodes in the graph database; m: the number of edges in the graph database) with the space complexity of O(2l+1nk).


A number of researchers and market observers hold that the dramatic increase during the 1990's and subsequent decline in U.S. stock prices were due to non-fundamental factors, such as irrational expectations or bubbles. If this view is correct, policymakers may be concerned with the real macroeconomic consequences of the stock market run-up. These might include overconsumption due to a perceived wealth effect or too much physical investment due to a lower financing cost of capital. Following this reasoning, the Federal Reserve could raise the Fed Funds target rate to offset perceived non-fundamental stock price increases. This policy stance may seem particularly appealing if the Fed's primary target, low and stable inflation, is already being achieved. This paper studies how Federal Reserve interestrate policy, from 1979:4 onward, responds to an aggregate measure of stock-market activity under high versus low inflation. Most existing research makes no distinction between policy across the highand low-inflation times of the past 24 years. Two conventional findings of this existing research are that the Federal Reserve: (i) raises the short-term real interest rate in response to inflation and (ii) does not change policy in response to equity price movements.1


A second order problem is outlined for which MACSYMA was used only for checking purpose. A fourth order problem is briefly described for which a symbolic system is necessary. At the end, some sample output is displayed to indicate the complexity of the computational problem.


Recently, the Taylor-Fourier transform (TFT) was proposed to analyze the spectrum of signals with oscillating harmonics. The coefficients of this linear transformation were obtained through the calculation of the pseudoinverse matrix, which provides the classical solution to the normal equations of the least-squares (LS) approximation. This paper presents a filtering design technique that obtains the coefficients of the filters at each harmonic by imposing the maximally flat conditions to the polynomials defining their frequency responses. This condition can be used to solve the LS problem at each particular harmonic frequency, without the need of obtaining the whole set, as in the classical pseudoinverse solution. In addition, the filter passband central frequency can follow the fluctuations of the fundamental frequency. Besides, the method offers a reduction of the computational burden of the pseudoinverse solution. An implementation of the proposed estimator as an adaptive algorithm using its own instantaneous frequency estimate to relocate its bands is shown, and several tests are used to compare its performance with that of the ordinary TFT.


Abstract Braekhus, K. Some Geographic Aspects of Soviet Agriculture. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 22, 39–55, 1968. Excepting major calamities, there is no longer any danger of starvation in the Soviet Union. The problem in Soviet agriculture is a more sophisticated one: given the present system of ownership, and presuming the farming population will conform, what would be the influence of the geographic factors? The article discusses the extent of land available for agricultural production, the yields obtained, the decrease in rural population, the number of people active in farming and their distribution, the supply of farm machinery and changes in agricultural production, to end up with a discussion of the graingrowing areas and changes in sowing practice. In most of SSSR's European grain-growing areas spring sowing has been replaced by autumn sowing. Finally, the contention is made that this change of practice may be influenced by secular climatic changes.