In the recent decades,lots of scholars have conducted surveys on the relationship between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence on the basis of various theories and have drawn different conclusions.In this thesis,by reviewing the previous researches,the author hopes to probe into the relationship between these two kinds of competence,so that some useful implications on college English teaching can be put forward to cultivate students grammatical competence and pragmatic competence.


Gender income disparity is one of the challenges in realizing community welfare in the SumedangRegency. PEKKA worker is one of the vulnerable objects that need to be improved by the government ofSumedang Regency. This study aims to identify the individual characteristics of PEKKA to determine goalsand priorities for women's empowerment strategies. This study's method is quantitative research in theform of a description with numbers or numerals (statistics). Reference studies that corroborate theanalysis complement this study's method. The analysis describes the characteristics of female heads ofhousehold in Sumedang Regency. The results showed that PEKKA in Sumedang Regency dominates bymiddle-aged and older women. Their level of education and competence is low, so they commonly workin the informal sector as unassisted entrepreneurs and in the formal sector as laborers. Thesecharacteristics are factors that cause their common welfare. Therefore, the PEKKA EmpowermentProgram in Sumedang Regency needs to involve other regional government affairs, namely Education,Health, Social, Labor, Communication and Information, Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises,Agriculture, and Fisheries. Through this strategy, the PEKKA Empowerment Program can be right on targetto encourage the realization of the welfare of the people of Sumedang Regency.


There has been increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms for successful collaboration and learning in the supply chain. In a widely quoted paper, Cohen and Levinthal (1990) alleged that f ...


This text seeks understand the making of descendants of Africans identity, who came to Brazil as slaves, although textbooks of Brazil's history. Is an important discussion one, if we consider the role that exercises textbooks in formal education. Generally, this books has been used, over the decades, as transmitter to official ideologies, denying for Afro-Brazilian students access and bases to building their own identity. In most cases, the textbooks bring negative concepts, relegated black persons and impoverishes the human relationship in school environment. We analyze textbooks of school's describing Africans and their descendants with goal understand how the ethnocentrism contained therein. It has contributed to non-recognition of black people and deserves respect and equal opportunities in social life. KEY-WORDS: Textbook; Black People; Identity; History


In low power applications, a surface mounted device (SMD) is naturally cooled by attaching to a printed circuit board (PCB) copper pad. This paper proposes an analytical thermal resistance model and a sizing algorithm for PCB copper pads. Firstly, an axisymmetric thermal resistance model is developed for PCB copper pads where the heat conduction, convection and radiation all exist. Due to the interdependence of the conductive/radiative heat transfer coefficient and the board temperature, a new algorithm is proposed to fast obtain the thermal resistance and to predict the semiconductor junction temperature at different copper pad radii. The algorithm enables a fast sizing of copper pads based on different junction temperature limits. Finally, the developed thermal resistance model and algorithm are verified by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experiments.


The mathematical model about the road capacity was built based on the driving behavior mode of the conservative pattern,moderate pattern and venturesome pattern. According to the acquired mathematical formulas,the influence of automobile dynamics performance and handling stability on road capacity was analyzed. That is reliable mechanism design and extensive application of advanced technologies,just like ABS and automatic transmission,which are beneficial to minish distance headway and improve road capacity. Saturated traffic capacity of departing from intersection will also have an increment with the improvement of automobiles'acceleration. The realization of Cruise Control System and Formation of Navigation in future may cause an essential augment of traffic capacity. The increment of road capacity will become an inevitable trend.


Random wave load is applied to dynamic response analysis of rectangular caisson breakwater for the first time,and the motion process of rectangular caisson breakwater is classified as rotation motion mode and rotation-sliding motion mode corresponding to the lateral antislider-rotation spring-damper system and the lateral antislider-vertical spring-damper system.The dynamic equations of two motion models are established and a program compiled by Fortran language and ANSYS program are utilized for the solution.It is shown from the engineering example that both proposed models and methods can be applied to simulate the dynamic response of rectangular caisson breakwater subjected to random wave loads effectively,the latter of which is more consistent with the working pattern with higher precision.


Common beliefs in relation to safety in small business are of two types; a) small businesses are more unsafe, apply unsafe practices, and thus have a higher incidence of occupational injury and a h ...


We analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of the five most abundant flatfish species caught by shrimp trawl nets on the continental shelf of the Mexican central Pacific. Food diets and trophic interactions between of the flatfish species are described as well. Flatfishes are distributed between 20 and 60 m depth. Bothus leopardinus showed the greatest abundance during the cold season (January-May), the other species did not show significant differences between seasons (cold and warm). The diet of the flatfish species consist of crustaceans, fishes and cephalopods. B. leopardinus and Syacium ovale are consumers of crustaceans, such as crabs, shrimps and stomatopods. Cyclopsetta panamensis, C. querna and Monolene assaedae based their diet in fishes and cephalopods. The feeding strategy of the five species analyzed is considered to be generalist, consuming a high number of preys in both seasons. Between the flatfish species, low values of overlapping in the diets were observed in size class and periods of the year. The flatfish species consume the available food resources and could change the preys consumed, according to prey availability, to avoid intra and interspecific competition.


The raw material for permanent magnets barium ferrite (BaFe) is very abundant in Indonesia. In this study, BaFe was combined with NdFeB (hybrid) using PVA and CMC matrices as bonded to obtain better mechanical and magnetic properties than pure BaFe. In this study, the composition of BaFe / NdFeB and the concentration of PVA and CMC matrices were varied to study the trends of the hybrid mechanical and magnetic properties. The variation of BaFe / NdFeB composition were 7: 3, 5: 5, and 3: 7 with total mass of 2,5 grams. In addition, each PVA or CMC matrix was varied at a concentration of 0,1 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt%. The mechanical properties characterization includes particle distribution image, density calculation, and compressive strength measurement. The magnetic properties are studied by measuring the remanence (Br), coercivity (Hc) and maximum energy product (BHmax). The results showed that the addition of NdFeB increase the density with highest density of 5,1 g/cm , the magnetic remanence also increase with the average increase of 1 kG for each addition of wt% and also increase the compressive strength of BaFe/NdFeB hybrid sample. The addition of matrix concentration, for both PVA and CMC, decreases the sample density and magnetic remanence. However, the compressive strength were observed directly proportional to the addition of matrices concentration.


The hemocytes of freshwater pearl clams, Anodonta woodiana pacifice Heude, Hyriopsis cumingii Lea, and Cristaria plicata Leach were studied comparatively using various staining techniques, enzyme hisochemisty. On the basis of characteristics and morphological criteria, their hemocytes were classified into four major categories: granulocyte, agranulocyte, hyalinocyte and lymphocyte-like cell. The relation of those types cells may be that the snile granulocyte formed hyalinocyte.


Objective To investigate the effective and safety dosage of dexmedetomidine, which assist sufentanil administration for postoperative gastric cancer.Methods Eighty patients ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ with gastric cancer were randomly were divided into: a randomized, double-blind, balloting on sufentanil group (group SF), dexmedetomidine group (groups D1, D2, D3). Group SF,sufentanil 3 μg/h+tropisetron 5 mg;group D1, dexmedetomidine 0.05 μg·kg-1·h-1+sufentanil 2 μg/h+tropisetron 5 mg; group D2, dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg·kg-1·h-1 + sufentanil 2 μg/h+tropisetron 5 mg; group D3, dexmedetomidine 0.15 μg·kg-1·h-1+sufentanil 2 μg/h+tropisetron 5mg. saline paired 100ml. PCIA were administrated after extubation . At 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h postoperatively BP, HR, SpO2, RR, and pain, sedation, mood, sleep quality score were record.At the same time, total evaluations of patient satisfaction degree were done on the 3rd day postoperatively after using the PCIA treatment.Results Compare with group SF ,MAP in groups D2,D3 and HR in groups D1,D2,D3 were significantly decreased at 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48h postoperatively(P0.05). Ramsay score in groups D1,D2,D3 were significant better than group SF at the same time point(P0.05 or P0.01); mood and sleeping score in groups D1,D2,D3 significant better than group SF at 48h postoperatively; postoperative nausea and vomiting and chills incidence in groups D1,D2,D3 were significant lower than those of group SF(P0.05). intervention bradycardia with dexmedetomidine given dose is increased significantly, on the 3rd day postoperatively, satisfaction rate of patients on PCIA in groups D2 and D3 were significant better than that of group SF(P0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg·kg-1·h-1 combination with sufentanil 2 μg/h administration in postoperatively PCIA acquired satisfied analgesic effect and provided moderately calm, eliminated the patient anxious mood, enhanced the security in the perioperative period and the degree of satisfaction, is very suitable for marketing in clinical using.


This study reports on small-scale changes in the distribution of plant species in a 2.5 m2 plot of grazed, species- rich Veronica spicata - Avenula pratensis grassland on shal- low, dry, nutrient-poor soil in the Great Alvar area (Stora Alvaret) of southern Oland, southeastern Sweden. Multivari- ate analysis of 0.001 m2 and 0.25 m2 quadrats within the plot showed that there is little floristic variation without any trend in the plot. Average species richness varied little throughout the study period from 1986 to 1991 with 1986 averages of 7.0 on 0.001m2, 16.3 on 0.01 m2, and 26.1 on 0.25 m2. On 0.001 m2 the highest species number found was 12, on 0.01 m2, 27. However, cumulative species richness, i.e. species number in the first year plus new species appearing in later years (aver- aged over 40 quadrats) increased over the same period, on 0.001 m2 from 7.0 in 1986 to 14.9 in 1991, and on 0.01 m2


Proposed activity presents next stage of the study of the problem of the plane-parallel motion of a rigid body interacting with a resistant medium through the frontal plane part of its external surface. Under constructing of the force acting of medium, we use the information on the properties of medium streamline fl w around in quasistationarity conditions (for instance, on the homogeneous circular cylinder input into the water). The medium motion is not studied, and we consider such problem in which the characteristic time of the body motion with respect to its center of masses is comparable with the characteristic time of motion of the center of masses itself.


When  teaching advanced level physics to a wide ability range sixth form such as may be found in a comprehensive school or technical college, the normal method of sixth form lecturing-teaching often does not produce satisfactory results. Analysis of lectures and lecturers shows that before a lecture starts some fundamental assumptions have to be made. If any of these assumptions are not valid, no lecture, however brilliant, can be fully understood and assimilated by all members of the group. The assumptions made include : (i) That all the students are at or above the level of knowledge needed for the startingpoint of the lecture. If the students have already reached a level of knowledge too far above the starting level they will be bored by the introduction and lose interest in the lecture. If the students are at a level too far below the starting level they will be unable to follow the lecture at all. (ii) That the group is homogeneous in terms of ability in order that thepace of the lecture may be satisfactory for all. There is a danger that too slow a lecture pace will hold back and bore the able student and too fast a pace will confuse the less able. This is a special problem when dealing with a wide ability range group. (iii) That the lecturer will be able to hold the attention of his audience for the whole of the lecture. This is often possible if the lecturer is delivering a polished 'set piece' lecture which he has given several times before but it is difficult in a long course to avoid lectures which are pedestrian. (iv) That the student is in the right physical and mental state to be receptive to the lecture. Late nights, hangovers, illness, personal problems and psychological difficulties will all affect a student's ability or


An issue of current interest on the advancement of small-capacity power stations is discussed. A summary is given of the concrete work carried out by TsKTI jointly with design organizations in reconstructing boiler houses that are in operation at cogeneration power stations.


The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition containing desmopressin and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier 0.5Ng~20myug. The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition containing desmopressin and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the pharmaceutical composition is in the range of desmopressin about 0.1 picograms to about 10.0 picograms per plasma / serum 1mL it is effective to establish a stable plasma / serum desmopressin concentration in the. Also disclosed products and methods of using the invention.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H14O6·2C3H6O, 4,6-dibenzoylisophthalic acid is linked with two acetone solvent molecules by strong intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds may be effective in stabilizing the crystal structure.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of serious penetrating injuries of eyeball.Methods 39 cases(39eyes)were managed with modern techniques of ophthalmology.The follow up periods ranged from 6 to 36 months(mean 19.1 months).Results Postoper the visual acuity improved was in 20(51.3%)patients,unchanged in 17(43.6%)and declined in 2(5.1%).No case of the sympathetic ophthalmia was found.Conclusion Modern techniques of ophthalmology for serious penetrating eye may give a chance of reconstruct the eyeball and restore visual function.


Lee, M., Elias, R.J., Choh, S.-J. & Lee, D.-J., 25 May 2018. Palaeobiological features of the coralomorph Amsassia from the Late Ordovician of South China. Alcheringa 43, 18–32. ISSN 0311-5518. Amsassia yushanensis sp. nov. occurs in the Late Ordovician Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai, Jiangxi Province of southeastern China. This species is characterized by typical phacelocerioid organization of modules comparable with the other Amsassia species described in recent literature. Bipartite fission, in which a parent module divided into two parts, is by far the most common type of increase in this species; tripartite and quadripartite types of axial fission do occur but are relatively uncommon. Processes of module division are similar to those of A. shaanxiensis and A. koreanensis, and also occurred in tetradiids. In A. yushanensis, restoration of coralla was occasionally accompanied by recovery of a damaged or injured module or group of modules probably following an influx of sediment, as observed in some favositoid corals. Amsassia superficially resembles Lichenaria, a representative genus of the most primitive stock of tabulate corals of Ordovician age, and has likely been mistakenly identified as Lichenaria in the North China Platform. Available information suggests that the validity of a reported occurrence of Lichenaria in the South China Platform is also questionable. Mirinae Lee [email@example.com] Division of Polar Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 21990, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Robert J. Elias [firstname.lastname@example.com] Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada; Suk-Joo Choh [firstname.lastname@example.com] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Dong-Jin Lee [firstname.lastname@example.com] Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36749, Republic of Korea and College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China.


To resolve the problem of distinguishing acupuncture point for the unprofessional persons,we design a recognition and detection instrument with SPCE061A.The principles and diagrams of hardware and software architecture of the entire system are described.Based on theories of skin resistances on the acupoint resistance,a new acupoint detect instrument containing electrical stimulating is invented.The recognition acuracy on acupuncture and non-acupuncture can reach to 95% and 98%,respectively.Controlled through a MCU(Micro Control Unit),the apparatus can output biphasic constant current and special pulses for electrical stimulation.The theory of meridians is significant for the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.The effects of environment on acupoint detection is discussed.Compared with the traditional method,this can improve and simplyfy the operation.


To meet the quality and flexibility requirements of a hole-making process and to overcome the limitations of traditional manual grinding and cam-type automatic grinding in new drill point geometry development, a three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) parallel-mechanism-based drill point grinder is proposed in this paper. With the consideration of different inclination angle configurations of the grinder guideway, the inverse kinematics and the workspace analysis of the parallel grinder are developed; the relationship between the workspace and the structural parameters of the grinder, such as installation pattern, radius of joint distribution circle, length of the links etc. is discussed in detail. A numerical–symbolic method and a net search method are employed in the singularity analysis. The analysis of the kinematics, workspace and singularity provides the basis for understanding the characteristics of the new parallel grinder and also helps in the structural design of the proposed grinder.


Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric central nervous system tumors (CNS) are the second commonest childhood malignancy and the commonest solid tumor in children. Brain tumors are the commonest cause of death among all childhood cancers. OBJECTIVES To describe the challenges in managing children with CNS tumors in Uganda, treated at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) from March 2019 to March 2023, using a subset of patients with the diagnoses of medulloblastoma, pineoblastoma and ependymoma. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in MNRH, in patients below 18 years of age, admitted with one of the three histological diagnoses. The data included time to presentation to a tertiary health center from occurrence of initial symptoms, time to surgery from time to presentation to a tertiary health center, time to a histological diagnosis from time to presentation to a tertiary health center and time to starting radiotherapy from time to presentation to a tertiary health center. RESULTS The total number of patients was 32(44% had medulloblastoma, 37% had pineoblastoma). Of 30 patients with a recorded date of occurrence of initial symptoms, the median time to presentation to a tertiary health center was 2.5 months (95% median Cl- 1.702,3,711), with the maximum at 30 months. The median time to surgery for 24 patients was 0.92 months995%Cl- 0.460, 2.143), with a maximum of 13.8 months. The median time to a histological diagnosis for 30 patients was 1.39 months (95%median Cl- 0.680, 2.163). The median time to starting radiotherapy for 16 patients was 6.5 months (95%median Cl- 3.168, 8.724) and a maximum of 23 months. The overall one-year survival for children with ependymoma was at 62.5% (95%CI- 14.2,89.3), followed by medulloblastoma at 39.5%(95%CI-12.9,65.6) and pineoblastoma at 37.45%(95%CI-9.5,67.0). CONCLUSION The management of pediatric CNS tumors in Uganda is still sub-optimal due to referral, diagnostic and treatment challenges.


In this month's issue of NeoReviews , we are publishing the first of a series of articles by Dr Willa Drummond, whose interest in informatics is long standing. In addition to being an academic neonatologist, she has a higher degree in informatics and serves on the Executive Steering Committee of the Council on Clinical Information Technology (COCIT) of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The pace of progress in the field of informatics seems to be increasing rapidly, and many questions are being directed at COCIT from AAP members. In addition, President Barack Obama has suggested that one approach to reducing waste and inefficiency in health care is to move from a "20th century industry based on pen and paper" to a "21st century industry based on the latest information …


cells found in the bulbar prolongation of the ventrolateral funiculus of the spinal cord have been sketched in A; a complete sketch of this system of fibers is reproduced in B. Newborn kitten. Golgi method, double impregnation.


A method and device for presenting a prediction model, and a method and device for adjusting a prediction model. The method for presenting a prediction model comprises: obtaining at least one prediction result of a prediction model for at least one prediction sample; obtaining at least one decision-making tree training sample for training a decision-making tree model according to the at least one prediction sample and the at least one prediction result, the decision-making tree model being used for fitting the prediction model; training the decision-making tree model by using at least one decision-making tree training sample; and visually presenting the trained decision-making tree model. By means of the method, a prediction model hard to understand can be approximated to a decision-making tree model, and the approximated decision-making tree model is presented, so that a user better understands the prediction model according to the presented decision-making tree model.


A metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process has been developed for the growth of Ta 2 O 5 films from the reaction of tantalum penta-ethoxide [Ta(OEt) 5 ] and oxygen in a 200 mm wafer tool platform. An optimized process was identified by performing a systematic study of the reaction-rate-limiting steps as a function of substrate temperature, Ta(OEt) 5 partial pressure, and O 2 partial pressure. Subsequent chemical and microstructural analyses showed that as-deposited Ta 2 O 5 films were stoichiometric, amorphous, pure, and exhibited a smooth surface morphology. Carbon contamination was below the detection limits of the analytical techniques employed (<1 atom %). Typical as-deposited film dielectric constant and leakage current density were measured to be 27 and 2.0 × 10 -9 A/cm 2 (at 1 V), respectively. Annealing at 650°C for 30 min in O 2 decreased both the dielectric constant and leakage current, while a similar anneal in Ar resulted in increased dielectric constant and associated decrease in leakage current. It was determined that Schottky emission was the dominant leakage current conduction mechanism in the MOCVD Ta 2 O 5 films.


Biological endoscopic photoacoustic tomography (EPAT) Has been rapidly developed in the past decades as a hybrid functional imaging modality with multi-physics coupling. The acoustic inhomogeneity of biological tissues results in acoustic reflection, scattering, diffusion and absorption,
 thus the attenuated photoacoustic signals measured by the detector. The idealized assumptions on the acoustic homogeneity usually lead to reconstructed images with reduced quality and imaging depth. This paper focuses on a preliminary study of EPAT image reconstruction accounting for acoustic
 attenuation. The correlation equation related to ideal and measured photoacoustic signals is deduced. The equation is then solved by using singular value decomposition (SVD) to recover the approximation of the ideal signals from the measured signals. Finally, the cross-sectional images of
 optical distribution are reconstructed from the ideal signals. Numerical results indicate that this method can effectively reduce image artifacts caused by acoustic attenuation and improve image focusing. Comparison results suggest that it outperforms the method of correcting the frequency-dependent
 attenuation which requires the prior knowledge about attenuation coefficients of tissues.


Like his predecessor Denis Holiday, Hans von Sponeck resigned shortly after assuming his post as UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq because he realized that good efforts and best intentions could not compensate for the deeply fl awed and highly politicized UN role in Iraq. In particular, von Sponeck found that the Oil-for-Food Program [OFFP], which was ostensibly intended to alleviate the extreme suffering resulting from UN imposed sanctions, constituted a failure. It contributed to the disintegration of Iraqi society and punished the Iraqi people more so than its intended target, the regime of Saddam Hussein. The story of Iraq's crimes and punishment are well known. On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. That same day, the Security Council passed Resolution 660, calling for Iraq's immediate withdrawal from Kuwait. On August 6, 1990, the Security Council passed Resolution 661, an order for comprehensive trade, fi nancial and military embargo of Iraq with the exception of certain limited humanitarian provisions. It also created the "661 Committee" or the "Sanctions Committee" to oversee the resolution. A coalition of twenty-six countries under American command went to war against Iraq in January 1991; this would prove to be the fi rst of a series of military raids on Iraqi soil. Throughout the fi ghting, tons of bombs, including a reported three hundred and fi fteen tons of depleted uranium, were dropped on Iraq; electrical stations and water purifi cation stations were bombed as military targets, and thousands of civilians were killed.1 A United Nations investigation sent to Iraq shortly after the bombing called the situation, 'near apocalyptic' and concluded that 'life had been reduced to a 'pre-industrial stage.'2 According to some accounts, as many as 1,600 women and children died on February 13, 1991 alone when they were burned alive during the bombing of the Amariyah Shelter.3 After six weeks of bombing, Iraq participated in a cease-fi re agreement. Security Council Resolution 687 created the UN Special Commission [UNSCOM] to oversee the destruction of Iraq's biological and chemical weapons and the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] to monitor Iraq's nuclear capabilities. In 1995, Resolution 986 modifi ed the sanctions regime with the Oil-for-Food program that permitted Iraq to sell a controlled quantity of oil so that proceeds from sales could be used, in prescribed proportions, to fund the purchase of humanitarian goods, pay the salaries of United Nations offi cials charged with distributing humanitarian supplies or monitoring Iraq's disarmament, and pay reparations to Kuwait.


Kate Bushman Columnist For the second year in a row, the students have asserted their domination in the realms most commonly ass.ocia ted with academia the random and profoundly useless. Kal Shobaki, Steve Kaplan, Jim VanBlaricum, Pamela Chandran details of songs I am sure my ·parents thought were" far out." The competition was intense throughout the entire challenge, the silence punctuated only by applause and short outbursts by Zasloff attempting to "ccinsh·uc.tively interpret" the rules. Despite the faculty's· shenanigai1' s, Kaplan and company began to light it up during thelast toss up round after a lag The Public Int(;!rest Law Foundation's (PILF) annual h·ivia challenge matches the wits of four faculty members and four students to raise money to fund law students performing public interest work during the summer months. The trivia challenge team members are chosen based on the amount of" votes" the contestant receives prior to the challenge that is, how ·much money each person raises. PILF pulled off yet another spectacular event, evidenced by the pa_cked house and the last minute donation stuffing by students and faculty alike. Jonathon Zasloff, Fran Olsen, Patrick Goodman, Sharon Dolovich during the prior round.


MAO Ze-dong's educational thinking is an important part of MAO Ze-dong's thinking.It has great and deep influence on our educational theory and pratice.At present,remind MAO Ze-dong's education thinking is helpful to develop socialism education careet.


The key indexes weighing the effect of preservation were the green preservation, the dehydration prevention ofgrape stalk and the wrinkle prevention of grape berry during storage. The dehydration of stalks and berries of seven table grapevarieties were studied at room temperature. Part of grapes was observed anatomically. The results show that the sequence of thedehydration rates of grape stalks(from fast to low) was Red Globe grape, Manicure finger, Centennial Seedless, Kyoho, Italia,Autumn Black and Autumn Red grape during storage. The sequence of the grape berries was Red Globe, Centennial Seedless,Italia, Manicure finger, Autumn Black, Autumn Red and Kyoho grape.


Adaptive capacity is the ability of a living system, such as a social-ecological system, to adjust responses to changing internal demands and external drivers. Although adaptive capacity is a frequent topic of study in the resilience literature, there are few formal models. This paper introduces such a model and uses it to explore adaptive capacity by contrast with the opposite condition, or traps. In a social- ecological rigidity trap, strong self-reinforcing controls prevent the flexibility needed for adaptation. In the model, too much control erodes adaptive capacity and thereby increases the risk of catastrophic breakdown. In a social-ecological poverty trap, loose connections prevent the mobilization of ideas and resources to solve problems. In the model, too little control impedes the focus needed for adaptation. Fluctuations of internal demand or external shocks generate pulses of adaptive capacity, which may gain traction and pull the system out of the poverty trap. The model suggests some general properties of traps in social-ecological systems. It is general and flexible, so it can be used as a building block in more specific and detailed models of adaptive capacity for a particular region.


To protect privacy data communication in multi-parameter monitoring data collecting system,an asynchronous message-driven secure communication module is designed and implemented.The asynchronous socket events demultiplexing and dispatching fra-mework is constructed based on WSAAsyncSelect I/O model.Secure socket layer(SSL) protocol is used to ensure secure data trans-mission.The extensibility of the module is promoted by means of polymorphism.Finally,a simple data collecting system in win32 platform is implemented with the module presented above.It is proved that the module meets the security requirement and is able to handle multiple connections simultaneously.Performance under different bandwidth conditions is guranteed.


A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograghic(HPLC) method with solid-phase extraction was developed for the determination of azoxystrobin in longan.The HPLC conditions were as follows: The column was Shim-pack VP-ODS 150 mm×4.6 mm,V(acetonitrile)∶V(H2O)=75∶25 as mobile phase,flow rate 0.6 mL/min,injection volume 20 μL and detection wavelength at 225 nm.Good linearity of azoxystrobin was obtained over the range of 0.03~12.4 μg/mL(r=0.999 4).The detection limits were 0.01 μg/mL for azoxystrobin.The average recoveries ranged from 98.72% to 100.20% with a relative standard deviation of 2.26%-3.88%.The method is fast and simple and is recommended for residue detection and analysis of azoxystrobin in longan.


This paper describes an aeroelastic stability and response analysis in which the structural operator is formulated numerically, without expanding analytically the various algebraic expressions that make up the beam model.


The structural transformations of Sr6Ta2O11 and Sr5.92Ta2.08O11.12 oxygen-deficient cryolites with variations in the partial pressures of oxygen p(O2) and water vapor p(H2O) are investigated using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and electrical conductivity measurements. It is found that a change in the oxygen partial pressure leads to a phase transition accompanied by the transformation of the cubic cell into the tetragonal cell, most probably, due to ordering of oxygen vacancies. The intercalation of water into the matrix of the complex oxides under investigation results in a structural–chemical transformation during which the solid solution undergoes a transition to an oxyhydrate phase of variable composition and the cubic cell transforms into the orthorhombic cell. © 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".


We study the problem of causal structure learning over a set of random variables when the experimenter is allowed to perform at most $M$ experiments in a non-adaptive manner. We consider the optimal learning strategy in terms of minimizing the portions of the structure that remains unknown given the limited number of experiments in both Bayesian and minimax setting. We characterize the theoretical optimal solution and propose an algorithm, which designs the experiments efficiently in terms of time complexity. We show that for bounded degree graphs, in the minimax case and in the Bayesian case with uniform priors, our proposed algorithm is a $\rho$-approximation algorithm, where $\rho$ is independent of the order of the underlying graph. Simulations on both synthetic and real data show that the performance of our algorithm is very close to the optimal solution.


TThe effects of routine and luxury weed control and fertilization treatments on diameter, height, carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotope composition in foliage were assessed in an 8-year-old, F1 hybrid pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) plantation, on typical sandy soils in southeast Queensland. The aim of this research was to identify how weed control and fertilization treatments affect nitrogen nutrition and water use in F1 hybrid pine plantations, together with tree growth. The results have indicated that a lack of weed competition has shown greater potential for height and diameter at breast height (Dbh) increment and d15N in the foliage. A strong correlation between growth and d15N existed for all canopy positions, demonstrating that foliar d15N may prove to be a better indicator of growth indices in the canopy than total foliar N concentrations alone. These differences could be in part due to discrimination against 15N by soil micro-fauna, during the processes of decomposition and mineralization and as a result of leaching of lighter 14N, where no weed cover exists. These results indicate that in an 8-year-old F1 hybrid pine plantation, luxury weed control treatments significantly affected foliar d15N, but not foliar d13C, nor foliar N or C concentrations. It is therefore concluded that luxury weed control treatments result in both greater height and Dbh increment and an increased pool of 15N abundance available for tree uptake as reflected in the foliage of 8-year-old F1 hybrid pine trees at this site


The rationale for this work is to make some sort of sense of the seeming myriad of adaptive explanations for why vertebrate brains vary in size. The role that natural selection has played in brain size has been addressed using the comparative method, which allows identification of evolutionary patterns across species. One starting assumption is that brain size is a useful proxy for intelligence and therefore that large-brained animals are more intelligent than smaller-brained animals. Five classes of selection pressure form the majority of explanations: ecology, technology, innovation, sex, and sociality. After chapters in which I describe the difficulties of measuring both brain size and intelligence (cognition), I address the evidence for each of the five factors in turn, reaching the conclusion that although ecology provides the best explanations for variation in the size of brain regions, none of the factors yet offers a robust and compelling explanation for variation in whole brain size. I end by providing the steps I consider necessary to reach such an explanation, steps that I suggest are feasible, if challenging.


This study aimed to examine the effect of dental care services on periodontitis cases in Brazilian municipalities. The sample comprised 3,426 individuals aged 35-44 years. Moderate to severe periodontitis with clinical attachment loss and probing depth was the dependent variable, both > 3mm. Its exploratory variables were grouped into four categories: (1) individual characteristics; (2) contextual development indicators; (3) health service and structural factors; and (4) dental care use. Data were collected using the SBBrasil 2010 Project, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Brazilian Information System of Primary and Secondary Care, and the Program to Improve Access and Quality of Dental Specialization Centers (PMAQ-CEO). Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess associations of periodontitis with individual and context variables. Municipalities with > 1 CEO or > 1 of any centers were associated with periodontitis, with OR = 0.97 (95%CI: 0.55-1.71) and OR = 0.41 (95%CI: 0.17-0.97), respectively. Prevalence of periodontitis was more likely in older people, lower education levels, and individuals that sought dental visits for pain/extraction and periodontal treatment. Other dental care services availability were not associated with the prevalence of periodontitis.


Topology analysis is one of the most essential parts of the advanced software of the distribution management system.Its research is of great value in theory and application.On the distribution network developed by the GIS project,the paper proposed a topology model algorithm and gave its data structure based on graph theory.The switching,T taps as nodes,distribution transformers and feeder lines as lines in distribution network topology,reflectd their connecting relations by affiliation.This method saved the topological analysis time of the calculation,and was suitable for real-time applications.Finally,this paper illustrated the specific application of the topological analysis method by the power point back to the realization algorithm.After practical application,GIS-based distribution network topology analysis method has very practical and promotional value.


Abstract A multivariate study (PGA Analysis and Cluster analysis) of two Spanish hydrographic basins (The Mandeo and Mero basins) was made to achieve reliable conclusions about their actual physico-chemical environmental situation. Two "police-samples" are defined, their effects explained, and are introduced in Cluster analysis as a way to examine sample quality. The multivariate analysis shows different qualities in the two hydrographic basins.


We prove that the dynamical sine-Gordon equation on the two dimensional torus introduced in [HS16] is locally well-posed for the entire subcritical regime. At first glance this equation is far out of the scope of the local existence theory available in the framework of regularity structures [Hai14, BHZ16, CH16, BCCH17] since it involves a non-polynomial nonlinearity and the solution is expected to be a distribution (without any additional small parameter as in [FG17, HX18]). In [HS16] this was overcome by a change of variable, but the new equation that arises has a multiplicative dependence on highly non-Gaussian noises which makes stochastic estimates highly non-trivial – as a result [HS16] was only able to treat part of the subcritical regime. Moreover, the cumulants of these noises fall out of the scope of the later work [CH16]. In this work we systematically leverage "charge" cancellations specific to this model and obtain stochastic estimates that allow us to cover the entire subcritical regime.


In the present article synthesis and evaluation for antibacterial and antifungal activity of a new series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives is described. 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of quinolinyl hydrazone derivatives with dichloromethane. The compounds (6a-h) were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial results reveal that among the synthesized compounds 6b and 6f showed excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity. The compounds 6c, 6d and 6e did not show antifungal activity against the Colletotrichum capsici.


The introduction of new microwave-based technologies such as personal communications systems (PCS), wireless local area networks (WLANs) and the provision to the home and office of broadband services, is focusing the attention of the Australian communications industry on gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). In order to provide a lower risk entry point into MMIC-based applications, the CSIRO has established a design and fabrication capability at its Division of Radiophysics. This paper will discuss millimetre-wave MMICs developed using this capability.


Mark D. Maughmer received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from the University of Illinois, and an M.S.E. in aerospace and mechanical sciences from Princeton. He has been on the faculty in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at Penn State since 1984. His research activities are analytical, experimental, and computational, and generally in the areas of aerodynamics, primarily aircraft and wind turbines, and aircraft design, flight mechanics, and stability and control. He has worked on aircraft designs with a number of companies, and has played a key role in the development of winglets for sailplanes and low-speed aircraft. He is actively involved in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the International Organization for the Science and Technology of Soaring (OSTIV). He has served as the Chairman of Aerospace Engineering Division of ASEE, and received their Distinguished Service Award in 2006. He received the Outstanding Teaching Award from the Penn State Engineering Society in 1993 and the Premier Teaching Award in 2001. For the past two decades, he has been the "cat herder" for a project-based learning course, based on the German Akafliegs, in which freshman through seniors together are designing and fabricating sailplanes, participating in the AIAA Design-Build-Fly competition, and currently working on a human-powered aircraft to compete for Kremer Prize Competition administered by the Royal Aeronautical Society of Great Britain.


............................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. vi Dedication ......................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ......................................................................................................................x Introduction ..........................................................................................................................3 Method ...............................................................................................................................24 Results ................................................................................................................................31 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................36 References ..........................................................................................................................48 Appendices .........................................................................................................................56 Vita .....................................................................................................................................63


Abstract : The UK has gained considerable experience of air drop operations since the inception of the capability. The UK's capability has been driven by the requirements to deliver airborne and Special Forces however, increasing there is recognition that the ability to air drop stores and equipment during asymmetric operations provides operational flexibility when the use of ground manoeuvre units may be a higher risk option. The requirement to operate worldwide along with the need for greater precision (right place and time) is likely to drive the UK towards rationalisation of the current capability.


The past, present and future ESD challenges in magnetic recording are reviewed. ESD damage mechanisms for the recording head are explained. It is shown that in the past 11 years, the ESD failure voltage for the recording head has decreased dramatically from its initial value of 15,000 V/sub HBM/ to only 15 V/sub HBM/ today. ESD control principles that focus on metal contact removal are discussed. It is concluded that ESD will continue to play an increasingly important role in the design, manufacture and handling of magnetic recording devices.


The worm is a malicious process of autonomously spread itself from one host to another. To infect the host, the worm has to copy itself somehow to the host. How it sends a copy of itself to generate network traffic patterns that can be generalized as traffic bi Hastings vias. When the worm to spread itself via the network, traffic bi Haven via propagation it can be witnessed as how the host is infected after another. By monitoring network traffic by propagation of traffic bi Hastings vias, the presence of the worm can be detected.


Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.


The results of experimental investigations concerning the attenuation factor of electromagnetic field in X- and Ka-radiowave band for propagation at grazing angles near sea surface have been analyzed. Attention is paid to the statistical parameters of the field in the space area that corresponds to the penumbra in the standard refraction conditions. The phenomena in illuminated zone have been investigated and the applicability of the interference field description for practical calculations is proved. At the same time the radar monitoring realized by ship and coastal radar and focused on sea waves and objects elevated slightly above the water surface, such as floating ice, logs or reefs has to be realized in the conditions of operating in the penumbra. As experimental researches and the theoretical analyses results show, both interference model and the diffraction phenomenon on the Earth spherical surface can not be used for the description of the millimeter and centimeter waves in this zone. A series of the phenomena discovered in the penumbra experimentally, in particular, signal fluctuation spectra features, can explain the field at low height above the surface as a result of a diffraction on the wave crests, that are simulated as opaque half-planes in the calculation. In the submitted paper the characteristics of the attenuation factor that are needed for the radar set power computing are discussed: its mean values, distribution laws as the functions of the range and the elevation of the observation point above the sea surface.


Quick clay is a known hazard in formerly-glaciated coastal areas in e.g., Norway, Sweden and Canada. In this paper, we review the physical properties of quick clays in order to find a suitable, integrated and multi-disciplinary approach to improve our possibilities to accurately identify the occurrence of quick clay and map its extent both vertically and laterally. As no single geophysical method yields optimal information, one should combine a variety of geophysical methods with geotechnical data (in situ measurements using Cone Penetration Testing (CPTU), Seismic CPTU (SCPTU) and Resistivity CPTU (RCPTU); laboratory tests) for an in-depth quick-clay assessment at a given site. In this respect, geophysical data are used to fill the gaps between geotechnical boreholes providing ground-truth. Such an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach brings us closer to 2D or pseudo-3D site characterization for quick clays and as such, an improved assessment of the potential hazard they pose. The integrated approach is applied in practice on two Norwegian quick-clay sites. The first site, Hvittingfoss, was remediated against potential landslides in 2008 whereas the second one, Rissa, was the scene of a major quick-clay landslide in 1978, quick clays being still present over a large area. The collected data and preliminary site characterizations illustrate the high diversity as well as the complexity and clearly emphasize the need for higher resolution, careful imaging and calibration of the data in order to accomplish the assessment of a quickclay hazard. marine clay deposits lie today above the sea level and have been exposed to fresh-water environments since. Salt, which originally contributes to the bonding between clay particles, may therefore have been leached from these materials by groundwater and percolating surface water. If sufficient leaching of salt has occurred, a highly sensitive (sensitivity St is the ratio of undrained shear strength in its undisturbed condition su and undrained remoulded shear strength sur) or 'quick' material may result (Mitchell 1976; Brand and Brenner 1981). The final extent of a landslide in clay is governed by several factors including topography, stratigraphy and clay sensitivity (e.g., Mitchell and Markell 1974; Tavenas et al. 1983; L'Heureux 2012a). Information about the shape, extent and thickness of the sensitive clay deposits is thus required for hazard mapping (Gregersen 2008). Quick-clay hazard zones in Norway have traINTRODUCTION Quick-clay landslides are a common hazard in formerly glaciated margins like Scandinavia and Canada. Only small perturbations in stress conditions, such as human activity, erosion or excess rainwater saturation, can trigger a failure. For example, the recent quick-clay landslide in Lyngen, near Tromsø (Fig. 1a) was triggered by human activity (construction work) whereas the instability at Byneset (Fig. 1b), west of Trondheim, was due to river erosion. Quick-clay landslides can occur at very low slope angles and are often retrogressive, i.e., they start at a river or sea/fjord and progress upwards. Quick-clay material originates from highly porous clay deposited in a marine environment during and/or following the last glacial period. Due to isostatic rebound following deglaciation and as a result of lowering the relative sea level, the former


This cohort study examines the use of anticoagulant therapy among persons who have experienced homelessness treated for atrial fibrillation in the Veterans Affairs Health System.


The financing supply of small and micro enterprises plays a decisive role in solving the "financing difficulty" problem of small and micro enterprises. This paper takes Taizhou, which has developed small and micro finance, as an example to analyze the localization and innovation of IPC mode, refine the successful mode of small and micro loans of city commercial banks, and put forward optimization suggestions on the financing supply end of small and micro enterprises.


The article focuses on debate of epidemiologists and public health experts on need of testing centers to report person for coronavirus result along with cycle threshold (CT) value Topics discussed include identification test of SARS-CoV- 2 infections by isolating viral RNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CT values that can help clinicians identify people at risk for developing symptoms and genetic material identified by PCR from non-infectious viral debris


In this paper, we propose a neural network accelerator suitable for Yolo Like network. The accelerator is adopted at 72PE and works at a clock rate of 100Mhz. The IFMap (input feature map), Kernel, and OFMap (output feature map) are all quantized to uint8 to reduce the use of hardware resources and maintain a certain degree of accuracy. In addition, to reduce the DRAM bandwidth usage, we provide the Hetero Layer Fusion architecture to merge neighbor Layers' operations, which can avoid unnecessary access to the DRAM. To verify the proposed hardware architecture, we implement it on the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale + MPSoC ZCU102 platform. Experiments results show that the proposed architecture can achieve a reduction of bandwidth by nearly 33%.


About five years ago, there was a road accident in the country just north of Melbourne. A car carrying a family plunged down an embankment, injuring all the occupants except a six-year-old boy, and trapping them in the wreckage. The boy managed to get out, climbed the embankment and flagged d own a car. His family were rescued, and the boy was a hero.


The impact of global financial crisis (GFC) has various results on Lao economy. In order to formulate the policy responses, it is important to assess its impact. However, there are few quantitative assessments of the impact of the GFC in Laos. Therefore, this paper's primary objective is to use a multiple-countries and multi-sectors computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which is called GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) model to examine the impacts of the GFC on Lao economy. This study focused on the impact of GFC through declining demand of world trade through declining real GDP in global economy using IMF projection. The simulation results show that the GFC has a significant negative impact on Lao economy by declining real GDP, welfare and trade balance. This simulation result is useful for policy maker in order to formulate policy responds to GFC.


Timing analysis of embedded systems is an operation performed when there are tasks that have to execute with a well precise deadline, and need to be scheduled, such as those on real-time systems. The diffusion of embedded systems to different kind of application areas is driving platforms toward heterogeneous multi-core architectures, that require a timing analysis done by using measurement based techniques. Measurements collection, when done via an instrumentation of the application, can cause an overhead in the execution time, footprint and necessary space to store data, that can affect the behaviour of the system. In such a scenario, this work proposes a framework that allows a user to quickly perform instrumentation choices, by using a concept named Time Band, and to have a direct feedback about the impact of its choices on some performance parameters. Time Band is then applied to Rapitime, a diffused timing analysis tool, and first tests have been done on IA-32 and PowerPC architectures, showing the advantages of different techniques the can be applied to realize the framework.


In this article, a novel probability discrete model is introduced for modeling overdispersed count data. Some relevant statistical and reliability properties including the probability mass function, hazard rate and its reversed function, moments, index of dispersion, mean active life, mean inactive life, and order statistics, are derived in-detail. These statistical properties are expressed in closed forms. The new model can be used to discuss right-skewed data with heavy tails. Moreover, its hazard rate function can be utilized to model the phenomena with a monotonically increasing failure rate shape. Different estimation approaches are listed to get the best estimator for modeling and reading the count data. A comprehensive comparison among techniques is performed in the case of simulated data. Finally, four real data sets are analyzed to prove the ability and notability of the new discrete model.


ABSTRACT:Recent federal policy changes mandate the establishment of native plant communities along roadsides and the utilization of roadsides and other federal lands to benefit pollinator health. State departments of transportation (DOTs) have faced significant barriers, however, when attempting to transition from the traditional protocol of using introduced cool-season turf grass to revegetate roadsides to implementing new, more complicated management practices required to establish native plant communities. This study used focus groups to help our research team anticipate the challenges New England state DOT managers would confront before our team authored a manual that would guide efforts to transform roadside revegetation practices. Two-and-a-half years following publication of the manual, we used online and written surveys of these DOT managers to determine the progress they made in implementing new protocols and the hurdles they encountered. We projected that the challenges would fall into 3 overarching areas: a) concerns about existing private subcontracting systems used for post-construction roadside revegetation; b) the need to educate employees on the benefits of transitioning to revegetation using native plants; and c) lack of funding for exploring and developing new methods and practices. Ultimately, our follow-up surveys clearly reveal that the greatest obstacle to transitioning to the use of native plants for roadside revegetation involves funding, which remains insufficient in an era of chronically stressed government budgets.


We establish a kind of "degree zero Freudenthal Gm-suspension theorem" in motivic homotopy theory. From this we deduce results about the conservativity of the P^1-stabilization functor.
In order to establish these results, we show how to compute certain pullbacks in the cohomology of a strictly homotopy invariant sheaf in terms of the Rost--Schmid complex. This establishes the main conjecture of [BY18], which easily implies the aforementioned results.


The study of word motivation has achieved a great success in the explanations of traditional Chinese words,but left a total blank of modern compound ones: the evidence is that there are no dictionaries or books in this respect.This paper makes an effort in the research with the findings that there exist roughly three approaches of compound words: addition of items of words,combination of morphemic and word meanings,and integration of inner structures and word meanings.


The development of electronic devices with low power is increasingly being used in various fields of technology including energy storage. The energy storage system is a significant thing in a diverse range of industrial applications. As an emerging technology of energy storage, the ultracapacitor is a low power electronic device with high capacitance and durability than others. In this journal, the ultracapacitor becomes the main object of energy storage. Estimating the value of the SOC based on the classical equivalent circuit with the self-discharging load to monitor the percentage value when charge and discharge the ultracapacitor. The estimation state of charge of ultracapacitor using extended Kalman filter as one of the best methods in estimating. As a result, the response of the method compared with experimental data and has no big different value.


Search and Rescue (SaR) operations in mountain environments are common events. However, current transceivers for mountain SaR suffer from a limited range, making operation slow. The emerging Low-Power WideArea Network (LPWAN) technology is very promising thanks to its extended range and to the long battery life. LoRa (Long Range) is one of the most popular LPWAN. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of body-worn LoRa in an extreme mountain environment by measuring the range and deriving the path loss by the means of a log-normal model. The measured LoRa range in the mountain landscape, under the condition of at least 50% of packet reception, was 300 m. This values, even if much smaller than the usual ranges of LoRa in flat environments (some kilometers), is, however, more than five times the ARVA operating range in the same conditions. Accordingly, LoRa system can be considered valuable for faster SaR operations.


ABSTRACT. The study has been done on the field of the principal tectonic stresses direction at intermediate depths of earthquakes of the southern flank of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction system separately for the upper and lower double seismic focal zones. Use has been made of the NIED and GlobalCMT catalogue data. The computation-based results are presented on schemes of the stressed state of the investigated areas and in tables. In the context of the southern Kuril Islands, evidence has been provided for predominance of the maximum compressive stresses along the slab plane in the upper layer and minimal compressive stresses (deviatoric extension) in the lower layer. However, the principal axes of maximum and minimum compression are displaced in direction relative to the slab dip: by 30–40° counterclockwise for the compression axis in the upper layer, which coincides with the direction of plate movement, and clockwise for the extension axis in the lower layer. This might be caused by the right-lateral strike-slip component of the Pacific Plate subduction. Unlike the general trend, the orientation of the principal axes of the stress field beneath the central Hokkaido-related segments in the upper layer is almost identical to that in the lower layer. There have also been found the segments exposed to shear stress, with the most extensive located opposite the northern Kunashir Island and beneath the southern Hokkaido Island. The results obtained for major large groups of clusters show good accordance with those published by other authors. The discrepancies relate primarily to small groups of isolated clusters showing local stress field heterogeneities.


Objective: To investigate the extracorporeal antioxidant activities of the extractives from pinus massoniana needles. Methods: The extractives of ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol were obtained by distilling with 50% ethanol,extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol. Meanwhile their antioxidation capacity was measured by DPPH and( O2-·) methods. Results: The extractives from pinus massoniana needles had obvious antioxidant capacity and showed significant dose-effect relationship. Scavenging DPPH· activity of extractives extracted by n-butyl alcohol and water were bigger than GSH; the scavenging O2-· activity extracted by ethyl acetate,n-butyl alcohol and water were bigger than GSSG and smaller than GSH. Conclusion: The extractives extracted by ethyl acetate,n-butyl alcohol and water are a kind of good natural antioxidants source,and they should be worthy of separating and purifying further.


The paper examines the preferability and effectiveness of Human Resources Development (HRD) component-cum-intervention programs in Nepali banks based on the supervisors' perception for which the five main HRD component-cum-intervention programs, viz., training and development, management development, career development, performance development and organization development were identified on the basis of review of literature. In the study methodological plan, an exploratory and analytical research approach was adopted to study the HRD program preferability and effectiveness at all private-sector commercial banks (N=25) and national level development banks (N=14) of Nepal through a survey (July–December 2016) on incumbent supervisors and managers (N = 708) selected through a proportionate stratified probability sampling technique from (a) hierarchy-based strata, and (b) from both bank categories. The sample respondents successfully surveyed by the present study numbered 708, which was well larger than the sample size of 433 as determined by Sample Adequacy Test (SAT). Both preferability and perceived effectiveness of HRD programs — although measured using different methods of the ranking questions and Likert Scale questions respectively have shown the identical ranks: the most preferred and perceivably most effective HRD program is training, followed by performance development and management development.


Towards the end of the Cretaceous, the African plate was bounded by mid-ocean ridges, the Owen transform fault in the NE, and the Neotethys convergent boundary in the north. Convergence in the north was accommodated by subduction under the Eurasian plate and collision of tectonic blocks separated by shifting plate boundaries. The major plate tectonic event influencing the plate's geometry at the time was the neighbouring Indian plate's unusually rapid northward movement. This motion was approximately parallel to the absolute motion of Africa and to the Owen transform, while it caused sea floor spreading along the Mascarene ridge east of Madagascar. Accompanying intraplate events include the evolution of passive continental margins between Madagascar and Africa and multiple rifting episodes in northern Africa, notably along NW-SE trending rifts through what is now Kenya, South Sudan and eastern Niger. Using new constraints on the oceanic age east of Africa, our aim is to investigate the relationships between lithospheric forces and these geological events.


If food is withheld for 6 hr after insulin injection, enhanced feeding in response to glucoprivation can still be demonstrated even though blood glucose has returned spontaneously to normal. Moreover, the magnitude of the glucoprivic feeding is unattenuated by the delay. Like feeding, glucoprivation-induced increases in hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) turnover also persist after the spontaneous return to normoglycemia, fostering the notion that these neurons may mediate the feeding. Rats were allowed restricted access to saccharin (0.1% solution) or isocaloric quantities of n-glucose or n-fructose (18% solutions), fat (lard), or pelleted rat food during a 30-min period 1.5 to 2 hr after insulin (2.5 units/kg, s.c.) or saline injection in order to specify the conditions responsible for the termination of the glucoprivic stimulus to feed and to determine whether these same conditions would be associated with normalization of NE turnover. Delayed feeding was measured in a 2-hr test 4 to 6 hr later. Nutrients were selected for their differences as substrates for brain energy metabolism and their caloric values were equated with the number of calories (7.9 kcal) which abolishes delayed glucoprivic feeding (DGF) when ingested as pelleted food. Norepinephrine turnover (the decline of NE concentrations after synthesis inhibition with cY-methyl-p-tyrosine) was normalized after glucoprivation by ingestion of pelleted food and glucose but was unaltered by ingestion of fructose or fat or by non-nutritive orogastric stimulation. Similarly, DGF was totally abolished only by ingestion of glucose or pelleted food and was unaffected by non-nutritive substances. However, fructose and lard significantly attenuated the feeding response. Thus, the activity of NE neurons may be controlled by substrate availability to the brain, whereas the termination of glucoprivic feeding may require the cooperative action of both central and peripheral signals. Systemic or cerebral glucoprivation elicits food intake in the rat and most other mammals (Mackay et al., 1940; Miselis and Epstein, 1975; Engeset and Ritter, 1980; Slusser and Ritter, 1980; Smith and Epstein, 1969; Houpt and Hance, 1977; Houpt, 1974; Thompson and Campbell, 1977). In addition, glucoprivation increases hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) turnover (Ritter and Neville, 1976; McQueen et al., 1976; McCaleb et al., 1979; Bellin and Ritter, 1981a). Since NE itself elicits feeding when infused into the hypothalamus (Grossman, 1960, Slangen and Miller, 1969; Liebowitz, 1975; Ritter and Epstein, 1975; Ritter et al., 1975), it has been suggested that NE neurons are involved in the control of glucoprivic feeding. ' This work was supported by Public Health Service Grants NS14450 and AM 28087 to S. R. ' To whom correspondence should be addressed. ,' This paper was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree. S. I. B. is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Iowa, Department of Psychology. Recently, we have reported that, if food is withheld during insulin-induced glucoprivation, both increased feeding and hypothalamic NE turnover persist even after blood glucose concentrations have returned spontaneously to normal. However, if the animals are allowed to eat as little as 30% (2.5 gm) of the amount of food that they would have eaten had the food been continuously available during the glucoprivic episode, both the delayed feeding and the concurrent increased hypothalamic NE turnover rate are abolished (Bellin and Ritter, 1981a). The relatively small amount of food that must be consumed during glucoprivation in order to abolish delayed feeding and normalize NE turnover rates suggests that termination of these responses may not depend entirely upon postabsorptive caloric effects of the ingested food. However, the complexity of the diet used in these experiments (pelleted rodent chow) precluded the identification of the specific parameters of food intake that might be involved in the termination of these two responses. The Journal of Neuroscience Ingested Nutrients, Glucoprivic Feeding, and NE Turnover 1355 In the following experiments, we varied the quantity of pelleted food that animals were allowed to eat during the 30-min glucoprivic feeding period and, in addition, we utilized a number of simpler dietary substances in order to identify the specific aspects of ingestion responsible for the normalization of NE neuron activity and for the abolition of feeding following a glucoprivic episode. After determining an approximate threshold amount of pelleted food necessary to normalize these postglucoprivic events, the effectiveness of glucose, fructose, and lard, ingested in quantities which were equicaloric with the threshold amount of pelleted food, were evaluated. Because both central and peripheral controls of glucoprivic feeding have been proposed (Smith and Epstein, 1969; Friedman et al., 1973; Epstein et al., 1975; Grossman, 1975; Miselis and Epstein, 1975; Russek, 1975; Friedman and Stricker, 1976; Stricker et al., 1977; Stricker and Rowland, 1978; Rowland and Stricker, 1979), we selected the dietary substances to be used in our experiment on the basis of their differing abilities to serve as substrates for brain metabolism. Ingestion of both pelleted food and glucose rapidly elevate blood glucose concentrations and therefore provide a substrate for brain metabolism. Conversely, under our experimental conditions, neither fructose nor lard are likely to provide metabolic energy for the brain (Goodman, 1970; Oldendorf, 1971; Spitzer, 1973). All four foods, however, provide nourishment for most peripheral tissues. Saccharin, a non-nutritive substance which is relatively palatable and readily consumed (Smith et al., 1980; Smith and Foster, 1980), also was tested in order to assess the role of the preabsorptive sensory aspects of food intake in the absence of postabsorptive caloric effects. Finally, we tested rats with fructose-flavored cardboard to assess the role of orosensory stimulation alone. Our results reveal that the glucoprivation-induced increase in hypothalamic NE turnover can be reversed by ingestion of nutrients which provide substrates for brain energy metabolism. However, the conditions required for the abolition of delayed feeding are more complex and may involve a constellation of preand postabsorptive stimuli. Materials and Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 400 to 500 gm were used in all studies. They were housed individually in suspended wire mesh cages located in a temperature-controlled room (22 + 1°C) which was illuminated for 12 hr during the day (7 A.M. to 7 P.M.). Experiments were conducted in the animal's home cage during the light period. Pelleted rat food and tap water were freely available to all rats except when noted. The basic experimental protocol used in all studies was as follows: (1) rats were given free access to fresh pelleted food from 8 to 9 A.M.; (2) food was removed and insulin (Iletin, Lilly, 2.5 units/kg, s.c.) or saline was injected at 9 A.M.; (3) food was withheld for 6 hr except during a 30-min period from 1.5 to 2 hr post-insulin injection, during which time, insulin-treated rats were allowed to eat a predetermined quantity of a selected food (identified below); (4) food intake or catecholamine turnover was measured during the postglucoprivic period 6 to 8 hr after insulin or saline injection. When blood glucose determinations were required, 30 ~1 of blood was collected from the tail vein in microcapillary tubes at 0, 1.5,3,4, 5, and 6 hr after insulin or saline injections and assayed using the glucose oxidase method (Saifer and Gerstenfeld, 1958). When catecholamine turnover was measured, rats were injected subcutaneously with 350 mg/kg of crmethyl-p-tyrosine (AMT, 100 mg/ml of distilled water) 5.5 hr after insulin injection and sacrificed 0.5, 1, and 2 hr later in the absence of food (Costa, 1970; Weiner, 1974; Cooper et al., 1978; Bellin and Ritter, 1981a). The hypothalamus and telencephalon were dissected, as described by Lorden et al. (1975), and analyzed fluorometrically for catecholamine content using a modification of the method described by Jacobowitz et al. (1967). In a preliminary experiment, insulin-treated rats were presented with varying quantities of pelleted rat food (0, 0.2, 1.0, and 2.5 gm) during the 30-min restricted feeding period in order to determine the approximate lower limit of food consumption required to abolish delayed glucoprivic feeding. The effect of these same quantities of food on blood glucose concentrations was determined in a similar experiment conducted 2 days later. The results revealed that the quantities of pelleted food less than 2.5 gm had no effect on the magnitude of delayed glucoprivic feeding. Therefore, in experiments (described below) designed to isolate various parameters of food intake capable of modulating delayed glucoprivic feeding and/or catecholamine turnover, 2.5 gm of pelleted food, nutrients which were calorically equivalent to 2.5 gm of pelleted food (7.9 kcal), and noncaloric substances were tested. During the course of base line control studies (conducted at least 2 days prior to experimental feeding trials), both delayed feeding in response to subcutaneous saline injection (1.0 ml/kg) and blood glucose determinations were assessed in independent studies. Rats that consumed more than 2.5 gm during the base line feeding trial were eliminated from further testing. Using a modified Latin square design (5 animals/group), the following substances were presented to insulin-treated rats during the 30-min restricted feeding period: no food, 2.5 gm of pelleted food, 0.9 gm of lard, 10.5 ml of an 18% D-glucose solution, or a 0.1% sodium saccharin solution (x = 6.6 + 1.7 ml). Consumption of pelleted food was measured to the nearest 0.1 gm in a 2-hr postglucoprivic feeding test beginning 4 hr later. Our modification of the basic Latin sq


Fibromyalgia (FM) is a story of controversies: the fight between subjectivity and Cartesianism, and between mind and body concepts. FM is the emblematic condition of unexplained medical symptoms and chronic pain conditions, far from well-defined diseases with objective biomarkers. It is the far end of medicine, sociology and psychology, having provoked difficult questions in medical science for many years (Perrot, 2012). This exciting scientific history is not at end, but we do hope there will come a time when patients will no longer be stigmatized. Even if no one denies that patients with FM exist, there are still many 'fibroskeptical' physicians and, as in the 1920s, where the question of psychosomatic rheumatism was raised, the question 'is fibromyalgia real?' remains. Currently, FM still raises questions in the medical world. All hot topics in chronic conditions, and especially in chronic pain, are summarized in FM controversies: • Does it arise from the body or from the mind? • Can we predict it and, eventually, prevent it? • Can we cure it? Does evidence-based medicine, and especially meta-analyses, guide our multimodal pain approach? There have been many papers on FM, its pathophysiology, its burden and its management. All along, in this special issue on FM, we have tried to develop new analyses and discuss the relevance of recent concepts, with three reviews that aim to provide data for further discussions and conceptual views.


Well data from the southeastern Cuyama Valley were used to map the subsurface structure and stratigraphy of the Cox fault zone and Cox trough. The Cox trough is a complex north- to north-east trending graben or half-graben which was active from Saucesian through Relizian time (early to middle Miocene). The east-west exten- sion which produced the Cox trough probably resulted from wrench faulting on the right-lateral Russell fault to the south. Three major normal faults east of the South Cuyama oil field, the Cox 46-5 fault, the U.S. Herren fault, and the Goehring 1-23 fault, comprise the Cox fault zone, which is the western boundary of the Cox trough. The inferred Becker-Heller fault forms the eastern margin at the southern end of the trough; north of this fault the eastern boundary is defined by a hinge line. The Saltos Shale Member of the Monterey Formation increases in thickness by 3 to 5 times across the margins of the trough. Growth faulting associated with the Cox trough ended prior to deposition of the Johnston sand of the South Cuyama oil field on all faults except the Cox 46-5 fault, which was active through deposition of the Relizian age Branch Canyon Sandstone.


Adenylyl cyclase type 5 and 6 (AC5 and AC6) are the major cardiac isoforms, but may affect cardiac pathophysiology differently. To investigate genes regulated by AC5 and AC6 regarding hypertrophy, we performed microarray‐based gene expression analysis of transgenic mice (TG) with cardiac specific overexpression of AC5 or AC6, and compared them with wild type with transverse aortic constriction (WT‐TAC). We detected a positive correlation of global gene expression profiles between AC5 TG and WT‐TAC, but not between AC6 TG and WT‐TAC. Baseline measures of AC5 high‐overexpression resulted in increased LV/BW (3.5±0.2) compared with WT (3.1±0.1) and AC6 TG (3.2±0.0). We found that commonly up‐regulated genes in both AC5 TG and WT‐TAC, but down‐regulated in AC6 TG were significantly, p<0.001, associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and biogenesis. In addition hypertrophy related genes were up‐regulated in both AC5 TG and WT‐TAC, but not in AC6 TG. We confirmed those results by quantitative real‐time PCR. In summary, AC5 TG mice, even at baseline, have a similar gene expression profile to WT mice with TAC, which could explain the predisposition of AC5 TG to pressure overload hypertrophy. The microarray data also suggest that ECM related genes, which are regulated differently in AC5 and AC6 may be responsible for the adverse response of LV remodeling after pressure overload in AC5.


Points, lines, and regions are the three basic entities for constituting vector-based objects in spatial databases. Many indexing methods have been widely discussed for handling point or region data. These traditional methods can efficiently organize point or region objects in a space into a hashing or hierarchical directory. They provide efficient access methods for accurate retrievals. However, two problems may encounter when their techniques are adopted to deal with line segments. The first is that representing line segments by means of point or region objects cannot properly preserve the spatial information about line segments. The second problem is derived from the dead space and overlapping areas in external and internal nodes of the hierarchical directory caused by the use of rectangles to enclose line segments. These two problems will seriously deteriorate retrieval performance. In this paper, we propose a novel indexing structure based on a new indexing method called compact B(superscript +)-tree and this indexing structure is appropriate for use in handling line segments and remedy the suffered problems.


The present invention relates to a method for gaseous effluent discharged from the combustion residue of the halide contained in the combustion furnace for reducing halogen, which comprises contacting said effluent with hydrazine. The present invention also relates to a device or apparatus for processing the gaseous effluent discharged from the combustion burner halide residues in (1), the apparatus comprising means (6,10,14), the gas in the cell manipulation and hydrazine contacting the aqueous solution. Finally, the present invention relates to a hydrohalogenic acid solution containing hydrazine.


Convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a key research area in artificial intelligent technology. A case study of garbage identification and classification using convolutional neural network is presented in this paper. The CNN model with five convolutional layers is used to extract feature maps from garbage pictures, and classifies six types of domestic garbage. ZYNQ-7020 is employed to deploy the CNN model in order to take advantage of high efficiency, low power consumption and flexibility of FPGA platform. Additionally, the classification results are obtained at the FPGA terminal by running Python code through PYNQ. The study demonstrates an efficient approach to practically deploy CNN model and implement image classification on FPGA platform.


The present study was conducted on three tongues of Millivora capenesis animal. Histologically, the dorsal surface was covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ,while the ventral surface which covered via non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium . Five types (filliform,conical,fungi form,circumvallate and foliate)papillae were project and distributed on dorsal and lateral surface.The fillifom was similarly to threads or like hairs ,while conical was cylindrical shaped.                      The fungi _form papillae like the mashroom ,the wall contain taste       buds ,but the circumvallates papillae circular in shape and embedded in the epithelium, the foliate papillae was similar ridges, both circumvallate and foliate papillae were  contain taste buds.


Electrocutions are a particular type of trauma, usually affecting young active people, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates in extensive injured patients. Those patients require complex, multidisciplinary treatment in specialized burn centers. We conducted a three-year retrospective study in the Burn Unit of the Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania, aiming to identify different factors that characterize electrical injuries, with the goal to improve our clinical practice, in order to decrease overall complications, the morbidity and mortality rates and obtain an optimal functional prognosis for those severely injured patients. Patient-related and injury-related parameters were analyzed, and particularities observed in our burn unit were noted. A clear understanding of the physiopathology of those injuries and their complications is essential for providing an optimal therapeutic strategy. Rapid initiation of systemic supportive measures, accurate diagnostic and an adequate surgical treatment, correctly conducted, are essential for improving the vital and functional prognostic of patients who suffer electric injuries.


The interaction of solutions of phenols in hydrocarbon or other inert solvents with silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate produces nitro-phenols.


Based on the SMAC method and staggered-mesh technology,a numerical algorithm used for simulating incompressible flow was developed in the body-fitted curvilinear coordinate.The Navier-Stokes equation was solved with contravariant velocities and pressure as unknown variables for the interior incompressible flow of the three dimensional 90° curved duct of square cross-section with radius Rr=2.3.The results indicate that the SMAC method has strong forecasting ability to the flow of duct with strong curvature,and can accurately simulate the mainstream and secondary flow.So the validity and reliability of the present algorithm are proved.


While deregulation and trade liberalization are now in progress internationally, the importation of agricultural products is also increasing rapidly in Japan. To cope with this development, there has been a trend towards the pursuit of intensive agriculture and higher value-added products in agricultural regions. In this paper, the author discusses the example of forced-grown mandarins to investigate the influence its popularity has had on the market and on agricultural areas.Two particular points of significance of the impact of forced-grown mandarins on the market were found in Gamagoori city, Aichi Prefecture. The first is that new products were provided in the summer market in which fruits were scarcely supplied. The second was that the quality of naturally grown mandarins improved. This is due to demand for quality naturally grown mandarins as a result of competition with forced-grown mandarins which have a high quality in the September market.In addition, the significance to agricultural areas can be summarized as follows. First, was the expansion of the basis of the labor force due to the fact that the succeeding generation of the farming family returned from their non-agricultural occupations. This was in large measure a consequence of the characteristics of forced-grown mandarins, such as higher profits, longer harvest times, higher productivity per unit area of land and tolerance of different weather regimes. The second point is the facilitation of intensive management in infacility growing. As a result, the scale of naturally grown mandarins became smaller while the planted mandarin species changed to early mandarins in expectation of the transplantation of mature trees to green houses. In addition, to improve the level of productivity, a large-scale development of in-house grown mandarin complexes was accomplished with some success. The third point is that farming establishments growing plants other than mandarins in their green houses appeared in response to the success of forced-grown mandarins.However, from the viewpoint of the maintenance and reorganization of agricultural areas, there are two important limitations. The first is that part of the management of naturally grown mandarins was abandoned as a result of the intensive management of highly profitable forced-grown mandarins, and this led to a decline in the agricultural environment of surrounding mandarin farms due to damage by disease and harmful insects. The second point is that the continuation of growing mandarins by senior farmers has been made difficult due to the fact that producing forced-grown mandarins is more labor intensive than producing naturally grown mandarins and that considerable investment is required for the construction of proper facilities. As a result, there are some agricultural areas where forced-grown mandarin production is declining.In conclusion, it cannot be said that the introduction of forced-grown mandarins has successfully resulted in a long-term activation of all growing areas throughout the country.


Observance of basic patient rights to accessible healthcare, physician of choice, complete information, treatment-refusal, filing complaint and confidentiality of personal and medical privacy motivates active participation of patients in healthcare treatment decision-making. Implementation of patient's rights by healthcare-workers especially in public hospitals is utmost necessary to secure good medical practice and build & strengthen doctor-patient relationship and rapport, avoiding legal complications which are a big issue these days especially after coming under the ambit of Consumer Protection Act. Lack of practice of patients' rights may lead to hazards in health outcomes and ruined doctor-patient relationship thereby compromising optimal care of patients, decreased efficiency, effectiveness, trust and loss of clinical work hours due to litigations. Present survey study on randomly-selected 282 patients of a public medical education institute and hospital (1128 bed capacity in all attached hospitals) revealed a mediocre level observance of patients' rights and an above average sense-ofresponsibility among patients in healthcare decision making. Significantly high level of ignorance for laws safeguarding rights was deduced. Media remains major sources of awareness about rights and duties in such patients.


It is well-known that quantitative analysis of major elements by SIMS is generally difficult because of the matrix effect. In the present paper we examined some basic problems of the major element analysis of CdxHg1-xTe (CMT) which is known to be easily damaged by various kinds of beams. It was shown that the matrix effect in quantification can be reduced by detecting postionized monoatomic ions for O2+ and Ar+ primary beams. In the case of Cs+ bombardment, detection of the cationized molecular ions, which are formed via one kind of post-ionization process, also proved to be effective. In all the cases, good linear relationships between the secondary ion intensity and the primary ion current density were obtained in the log-log plot. The intensity decrease of Hg+, however, was observed along with depth profiling of the bulk sample. This phenomenon was correlated with the morphological changes caused by ion irradiation.


Recent work in the Shelve Ordovician Inlier has produced a variety of evidence for a period of deformation dominated by a braided system of dextral oblique-slip faults of pre-upper Llandovery age. Displacement amounts along individual fault strands are generally less than 2 km, but the aggregate displacement across the whole Inlier up to and including the Pontesford-Linley Fault, must have been much greater. The fault structures found in other parts of Wales are compared to those of the Shelve Inlier, and it is concluded that this style of faulting was of importance in Wales, though it was mostly of pre-Silurian age. The significance of the fault systems in terms of the late Precambrian to early Caledonian structural framework of Southern Britain is discussed with reference to examples from other parts of the world.


Title of dissertation: ESSAYS IN EMPIRICAL MICROECONOMICS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Quynh T. Nguyen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Mark Duggan Assistant Professor Jeanne Lafortune Department of Economics My dissertation consists of two independent empirical microeconomics studies in development economics. Though studying di¤erent interventions, they share the same methodology, which estimates the impact of a nationwide policy by contrasting trends over time between areas that are likely to have bene…ted di¤erently from the policy. In the …rst essay, I estimate the economic bene…ts of the introduction of iodized salt in the United States in 1924. Using data from the decennial censuses of the United States and exploiting geographic variation in iodine de…ciency before 1924, as proxied by the prevalence of goiter, I …nd that the introduction of iodized salt led to improvements in schooling among boys and greater income gains among men. No impact is found for females. Many of the estimated bene…ts are attributable to postnatal exposure to iodized salt, further demonstrating the importance of iodine supplements, which had previously been shown only in utero. The estimated bene…ts are especially impressive when contrasted with the remarkably low cost of salt iodization. The second essay studies the impact on child schooling and work of the elimination of primary school fees in Uganda in 1997. Using Ugandan Census data and comparing changes in work and schooling between primary-school ages and other ages, as well as between cohorts with di¤erent probabilities of exposure to the program, I …nd that, thanks to the program, areas with previously low enrollment rates saw greater improvements in schooling and larger decreases in child work. This result is not found in a neighboring country, Kenya, nor is it observed among age groups and cohorts too old to bene…t from primary-school fee elimination. The results suggest that education and child work are substitutes, although in no way perfectly so. ESSAYS IN EMPIRICAL MICROECONOMICS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT


the writer, through language, constructs not only the representation of the world he observes in his narrative, but also denounces, exposes situations experienced by human beings. Through his characters, he portrays social sphere's dilemmas. An author explores social issues, focuses on issues according to his ideological perspective. Autran Dourado (1971), in A Barca dos Homens seems to have evidenced women. This discussion is based on the following problematic: the female figures personified have a great role of power and leadership in the novel? In this sense, this article aims to analyze the identity constitution of these female character more specifically the personified characters-objects, in this case, the sea and Barca Madalena. In addition, we analyze how they are 55 , Goiânia, v. 9, n. 2, p. 44-55, jul./dez. 2019 elevated to the human condition being represented as women. Given the importance to this study, we discuss the life of the author and his work under analysis. This research has as theoretical support the following bibliographic framework: The theory that corresponds to the literary studies comprises the authors, Aristóteles (2001), Autran Dourado (1976), Márcia Gomes (2005) and Juscelino Pernambuco (2010). And for the discussion about the identity, power and achievements of women, will be investigated Stuart Hall (2006) and Josênia Vieira (2005).


It is generally accepted that the development of the modern sciences is rooted in experiment. Yet for a long time, experimentation did not occupy a prominent role, neither in philosophy nor in history of science. With the 'practical turn' in studying the sciences and their history, this has begun to change. This paper is concerned with systems and cultures of experimentation and the consistencies that are generated within such systems and cultures. The first part of the paper exposes the forms of historical and structural coherence that characterize the experimental exploration of epistemic objects. In the second part, a particular experimental culture in the life sciences is briefly described as an example. A survey will be given of what it means and what it takes to analyze biological functions in the test tube.