A most desirable and collectable material object is the ubiquitous book. A bound composite of printed pages with words and images, it contains a microcosm of myriad narrative viewpoints, experiences, and imaginations. Metaphorically, a book compactly conceals a kind of interior space that protects the provocative lives of people, their character, ideas, and explorations, thus communicating different scales of interiority. Book collectors, called bibliophiles, revere and covet books as their object of desire. The bibliophile as seeker-collector-seller partakes of simple and complex transactions that essentially protect the lives of the books. This essay concentrates on two main book browsing locations within the urban context of Istanbul, Turkey, and the everyday interior spaces of the sahaf, the secondhand bookseller, who continues a tradition of selling new, pre-owned or secondhand ordinary or rare books. Its text moves between historic information and first-person narrative based on fieldwork to express and expand views of interiority theory, through reality and metaphor. The many scales of individual and collective impulses found inside the city streets and their inserted passage structures are exemplified by the significant simultaneity of the desire for the hand-held object and its hand-to-hand exchange.


Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, a biophysicist from India, has shared the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his pioneering work on the structure and function of ribosome.


The objectives of this study is to predict bankruptcy by applying the Altman Z-Score method to telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used in this study are secondary data published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2009-2011. This research uses quantitative research with descriptive analysis method. This research used company financial report to analyze. Based on application of Altman Z-Score method, the results of the four telecommunication companies shows that three of them indicated bankrupt for three consecutive years and one company indicated bankrupt for last two years. Keywords: Financial Report, Z-Score, Bankruptcy


Approximately 30% of the fuel consumed during typical heavy-duty vehicle operation occurs at elevated speeds with low-to-moderate loads below 6.5 bar brake mean effective pressure. The fuel economy and aftertreatment thermal management of the engine at these conditions can be improved using conventional means as well as cylinder deactivation and intake valve closure modulation. Airflow reductions result in higher exhaust gas temperatures, which are beneficial for aftertreatment thermal management, and reduced pumping work, which improves fuel efficiency. Airflow reductions can be achieved through a reduction of displaced cylinder volume by using cylinder deactivation and through reduction of volumetric efficiency by using intake valve closure modulation. This paper shows that, depending on load, cylinder deactivation and intake valve closure modulation can be used to reduce the fuel consumption between 5% and 25%, increase the rate of warm-up of aftertreatment, maintain higher temperatures, or achieve active diesel particulate filter regeneration without requiring dosing of the diesel oxidation catalyst.


Background : As a telepresence robot is developed for interpersonal communication between a remote sender and a receiver, the sending presence of a remote sender to a receiver is an important issue. Methods : For exploring this question, we executed a 2 (synchronized movement: telepresence robot with synchronized movement vs. telepresence robot without movement) within-participants experiment (N=24). In this study, participants observed two videos depicting two receivers interacting with a sender through a telepresence robot, whose sender"s actions were on the screen only, or accompanied by the synchronized movement of a robot. Result : The results showed that participants felt more presence and enjoyment when interacting with a telepresence robot with synchronized movement than a robot without any movement. Implications for the design of telepresence robots to increase the presence of robots are discussed.


An integrated CAD facility for process-oriented circuit design will be described. Process, device and circuit simulators, which include multidimensional and high-level effects, comprise the facility, presently specialized for linear IC design.


The temperature dependence of the material constant – parameter ξ of CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals in range (80 – 300) °K at wavelength 1070 nm was measured, also, Euler angles of «zero depolarization» orientation were determined.


A woman, aged 58 years, suddenly developed a widespread sterile pustular and purpuric eruption after a streptococcal infection. The eruption resolved spontaneously within a few weeks. Histopathology showed an intra‐epidermal pustule with underlying leukocytoclastic vasoilitis. The cutaneous vasculitis in this patient presented as a true pustular bacterid.


Arthralgia,a common clinical symptom,can lead to joint capsule hyperplasia and hypertrophy,cartilage and bone damage,joint space narrowing,bone hyperplasia and so on to limit patients′activity if diagnosis is not done timely or disease course delayed too long.The etiology of arthralgia is complex.Its diagnosis must be made based on comprehensive analysis of patients′history,physical examination and laboratory tests.Whether arthralgia is functional or organic should be judged first,its nature determined next,then its causes.Arthralgia treatments can be divided into etiotropic and symptomatic.The former includes joint immobilization,embolia,infection control by broad-spectrum antibiotics,early function exercises,active treatment of primary diseases and so on;The latter includes pain medication therapy and TCM differential treatment.


With original survey data, we contribute to a discussion of how segregation and poverty affect the performance of Mexican immigrant-owned storefronts in Los Angeles. We find that though both neighborhood segregation and poverty hinder performance as measured by the number of paid employees, poverty is more important. This was true even of businesses operating for 10 or more years. Although we find some support for the "mixed economy" and "ethnic enclave" theses, we find more support for the theory of concentrated disadvantages. We conclude that the spatial segregation of Mexicans in Los Angeles hinders the performance of Mexican-owned storefronts because of the social isolation it creates and even more so because segregation concentrates poverty. We also found that both our respondents' class background (in Mexico) and how soon they began to operate business in the formal economy (with legal capital) determines the number of paid employees they hire.


The aim of this study was to identify force–velocity and power–velocity curves in climbing activity protocols, used as dynamic resistance exercise in rats. Eighteen 45-day-old male Wistar rats (weight = 211.9 ± 5.2 g) were evaluated. After familiarization to the climbing procedure, the animals performed an incremental climbing test (load relative to 75% of the body mass at first stage, followed by 30 g increments with and 120 s recovery between climbs) to determine the maximum carrying capacity (MCC). After this, the animals climbed with different loads (without load, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of MCC) with 120 s recovery between climbs. Time for each climb was recorded to calculate the mechanical power. The peak power was reached at 30% of MCC. For the force–velocity curve, an inversely proportional relation was observed between force and velocity, as expected, greater forces were expressed in lower velocities. Therefore, our results suggest that training at 30% of MCC should be encouraged aiming the target for greater power output and 90%–100% of MCC should be the load aiming for strength training in climbing activities for rats.


Rutin, one of the flavonoids, possesses a wide range of biological effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities and anti‐leukeima cells. Although rutin had been reported to induce apoptosis via caspase‐3 activation on human leukemia K562 cells, there is no available information to address whether or not rutin affects leukemia cells in vivo. However, the exact effect of rutin on leukemia cells on murine in vivo is undefined. Therefore, in the present we are focused on the effects of rutin in vivo affecting WEHI‐3 cells on murine leukemia. These experiments were divided into 3 parts. Part I, we examined the effects of rutin on the percentage of viable cells by flow cytometry on WEHI‐3 cells in vitro and the results indicated that rutin decreased the viable cells and those effects are dose‐and time‐dependent effect manners. Part II, we examined the effects of rutin on leukemia WEHI‐3 cells in BLAB/c mice in vivo and the results indicated that rutin decreased the percentage of Mac‐3 marker, inhibiting the differentiation of precursor of macrophage and T cells which were isolated from spleen. Part III, we examined the size and weight changes of liver and spleen and the results demonstrated that rutin decreased the size and weight of liver and spleen when comparing to the control group. One of the characters of leukemia is the enlarged spleen in murine after i.p. was injected with WEHI‐3 cells. Part IV, in the pathological examination, rutin affected the liver and spleen which came from the BLAB/c mice i.p. after injected with WEHI‐3 cells treated with or without rutin. Our result showed that rutin affects WEHI‐3 cells in vitro and in vivo.


ABSTRACT. In this article we discuss the asymptotic analysis of so‐called singularly perturbed differential equations. We begin by discussing some very simple nonmathematical examples, and then proceed to two mathematical examples, namely, the well‐known example of Friedrichs and a problem of John Mahony's. The presentation is addressed primarily to those who may have had little or no previous experience with this particular type of problem. However, the author hopes others will find something of interest in the somewhat unusual approach we take.


communications' vehicle. Similarly, the cost of producing effective promotional material may prove elusive in other texts — although it is important to highlight that the rapidity of change within advertising and the variance in advertising costs may well reflect this changing market. Perhaps one of the most appealing features of the text is the section on recruitment advertising. Internal communications and the meaningfulness of appropriate corporate advertising has been seen as increasingly important as firms compete not only for market share and return on investment but the best in human resources. No longer are organisations merely outward looking — internal communications, leading to improved motivation and sustained market position, is at the forefront of many organisational priorities. Recruitment advertising can both encourage new members of staff and motivate existing employees. Its inclusion in this text is, therefore, a useful sign to readers of the significance of recruitment advertising. One aspect of the text which would prevent it being recommended as a text for, say, undergraduate students, is the Over the past five years, there has been an increase in the number of advertising texts emphasising the strategic importance of communication. The tactical or practical aspects of advertising and other communication tools have, as a result, been given less significance and few texts have taken a do-it-yourself approach to advertising. Farbey's title is, at the very least, ambitious. Producing successful or effective advertising has often been described as akin to finding the holy grail. This book simply 'does what it says on the cover'. That is, it is extremely practical, if a little prescriptive, and would make an ideal addition to a small business bookcase where the communications budget is relatively tight. It would certainly appeal to 'beginners', although individuals with slightly more advertising experience may well be able to use it as reference/guide to new campaigns or new markets. This text includes a very useful update on electronic advertising and advertising production. Certainly for small to medium size enterprises (SMEs), the rise of the new media may be confusing or difficult to follow. The pragmatic style taken by the author ensures the suspicion and, for some, anxiety is taken out of


Near‐noble metals react with Si to form a metal‐rich silicide at 100 to 200 °C. Growth of the silicide is selected by the criterion that diffusion of near‐noble metal atoms to the silicide‐silicon interface is needed in order to maintain a high interface mobility. Structure of the metal‐rich silicide facilitates the diffusion. It has been postulated that high interface mobility can be achieved by transforming Si atoms at the interface from covalent bonding to metallic bonding and the transformation can be induced by forming metal interstitials in Si.


The cytology of Rastrococcus iceroyides (Green) has been worked out. The diploid number of chromosomes in both the sexes of this species is 10. In the male, two sets of chromosomes have been witnessed: 5 chromosomes are euchromatic and 5 other are heterochromatic in nature; and their differential behaviour during male meiosis has been discussed. The H-set has presented polymorphic shapes and configurations. Spontaneous chromosome fragmentation has also been observed and discussed.


Abstract Ai pian, derived from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. has various medicinal effects and a complex composition. The goal of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of Ai pian by using samples from different regions to explore differences between the chemical composition and its blood composition from treated mice to clarify whether its efficacy is related to synergism of multiple components to provide references for rational quality control. Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine and compare chemical compositions of blank and Ai pian containing serum of mice after 30 min of oral administration of Ai pian of seven batches from Zhenfeng, Wangmo and Luodian Counties; Guizhou Province; and Tian'e County; and Guangxi Province. Sixteen to twenty-two compounds of Ai pian were identified, with fourteen common compounds including L-borneol, L-camphor, borneol acetate, L-linalool, α-gurjunene, and 3-t-butyl-1, 2-dimethoxybenzene. Four to seven compounds were identified as blood components of Ai pian, and L-borneol, L-camphor, and borneol acetate were common prototypes with relative compositions from 13.720 to 36.509%, 2.336 to 5.219%, and 0.401 to 1.188%, respectively. Methyl oleate was a common metabolic component with a relative concentration of 0.021 to 0.446%. The chemical composition and blood components of Ai pian were complex, and its efficacy was related to synergism between several components including L-borneol, L-camphor, and borneol acetate. Therefore, detecting multiple index components of Ai pian is essential for quality control.


We consider those positive integers that are not representable as linear combinations of terms of a generalized arithmetic progression with nonnegative integer coefficients. To do this, we make use of the numerical semigroup generated by a generalized arithmetic progression. The number of integers nonrepresentable by such a numerical semigroup is determined as well as that of its dual. In addition, we find the number and the sum of those integers representable by the dual of the semigroup that are not representable by the semigroup itself.


As empirical studies of life-history increase in number, relatively simple models of life-history patterns are being modified to incorporate more dimensions. For example, life-history features associated with rand K-strategists (cf. Pianka, 1970) were originally postulated to be a result of the relative saturation of the environment by competing organisms (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967). But other factors such as the age specificity of mortality induced by environmental fluctuations or predation (Murphy, 1968; Schaffer, 1974), the body size of the animal relative to environmental stability (Southwood et al., 1974; Maiorana, 1974, 1976) and phylogenetic or behavioral constraints such as parental care (Maiorana, 1974, 1976) can select for a life-history pattern opposite to that expected from the degree of saturation of the environment with competing species. Also, several environmental factors may either interact to produce intermediate patterns or act together to produce the same pattern. Different groups of animals with similar life-history patterns, living in the same habitat, may have had quite different selective pressures acting during their evolution. Defining the selective pressures that have been important in the evolution of a particular life-history pattern may thus be difficult. Examining life-history from a phylogenetic perspective may clarify its evolution when both the ancestral and derived life-histories and environments are


Abstract : The report describes the results obtained under the Reentry Physics portion of the Penetration Systems Studies contract. The purpose of the contract is to carry out analyses and experiments of hypersonic flow in support of missile detection and discrimination technology. The work comprises the following five tasks: (a) high altitude drag investigation, (b) nonequilibrium turbulent boundary layer, (c) wake turbulence measurements, (d) improved laminar wake, and (e) near wake analysis. The last four tasks fall under the general heading of hypersonic wake and boundary layer technology. The objective and approach for each task is presented together with a summary of the results obtained.


Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni) complexes on carbon nanomaterials are promising candidates as electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this paper, nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with embedded Co nanoparticles were successfully prepared via a controllable synthesis strategy. The morphology characterization shows that the hollow carbon spheres possess an average diameter of ~150 nm with a narrow size distribution and a shell thickness of ~14.5 nm. The content of N doping ranges from 2.1 to 6.6 at.% depending on the calcination temperature from 900 to 1050 °C. Compared with commercial Pt/C, the Co-containing nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres prepared at 900 °C (CoNHCS-900) as an ORR electrocatalyst shows a half-wave potential shift of only ∆E1/2 = 55 mV, but a superior stability of about 90.2% maintenance after 20,000 s in the O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating speed of 1600 rpm. This could be ascribed to the synergistic effects of N-containing moieties, Co-Nx species, and Co nanoparticles, which significantly increase the density of active sites and promote the charge transfer during the ORR process.


This paper presents an expanded Kalman Filtering nonspherical perturbation model to an autonomous orbit determination for satellite with large field sensors. In this filtering algorithm, the traditional one-step forecast is modified into one-step elementary forecast and the correction to it. The simulation shows that the precision of the mean square deviations of position and velocity is high. The orbit variation in one day under the nonspherical perturbation is shown and the motion of the orbit plane is computed.


Introduction: Obesity is a health condition of the collection of fat on the human body leading to increased body mass index and other health issues and has various impacts on the respiratory system, which reduces the functional capacity of the lung. It is also known that obesity in childhood is a serious health issue, leading to overweight for children. Pulmonary function test is an essential component for evaluating lung functions that shows valuable procedures for diagnosing and managing respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on school children in the age group of 11–17-year-old obese and nonobese students. Lung function was measured using the spirometry and mini-Wright's peak expiratory flow (PEF) meter to identify differences among children. Results: A total of 245 healthy boys and girls, ranging from 11 to 17 years of age, were recruited for the study. There is no statistical difference between mean spirometric values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first (FEV1), FEV1/FVC %, FEF 25%–75% and PEF rate for obese groups in comparison with the nonobese control group. Conclusion: The current study found that females have lower lung function than males, which is significant statistically (P < 0.03) and to overcome respiratory illness.


FIELD: image forming devices. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to image acquisition and concerns an image recording system. System includes a lens, a sensor and a sensor controller. Sensor controller is configured to receive the current focal length of the lens and to bend the sensor based on the current focal length of the lens. After curving the sensor based on the current focal length of the lens, the controller registers the first image data, receives the feedback data, corresponding to the registered first image data and based on the feedback data and the current focal length of the lens adjusts the curvature of the sensor to improve the image quality of the second image data. EFFECT: technical result is to improve the quality of the images obtained. 20 cl, 11 dwg


Phenotypic alterations of keloid‐derived fibroblasts were characterized by comparison with the phenotypes of normal fibroblasts from the same patient. Explant cultures of keloids showed unique features. Keloid explants contracted considerably and reduced their size during culture, whereas the size of normal skin explants remained unchanged. Enlarged cells were found among fibroblasts which had grown out of all the explants and were morphologically distinct from fibroblasts; however, keloid explants produced many more of them than did the normal tissues. The growth rate of fibroblast colonies formed from normal explants was five times higher than keloid explants. Keloid fibroblasts which had been serially cultivated contracted lattices of collagen gels at a rate similar to normal fibroblasts. Proteins extracted from serially cultivated fibroblasts were mapped on polyacrylamide two‐dimensional electrophoretic gels. No significant qualitative alterations in protein expression in keloid cells were found as compared with normal fibroblasts. However, some quantitative changes were found between the two. A computer‐assisted image analyzer detected 151 polypeptide spots—50 spots (33%) of which increased their amounts in keloid cells, whereas 34 spots (22.5%) decreased in comparison with normal fibroblasts. Sixteen major polypeptides were identified as known proteins with the aid of time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The level of expression of these identified proteins was similar between normal and keloid cells, except stathmin whose expression was suppressed in keloid fibroblasts.


Radiolabeling cidofovir with technetium-99m (Tc-CDV) is an innovative procedure that enables real-time monitoring of the drug. Essays were performed in vitro, showing high radiolabel stability within 24 h. Blood clearance, biodistribution studies, and scintigraphic images were performed in healthy mice in order to evaluate the profile of the drug in vivo. Tc-CDV showed biphasic blood circulation time and significant kidney uptake, indicating that Tc-CDV is preferentially eliminated by the renal route. Bones also showed important uptake throughout the experiment. In summary, cidofovir was successfully labeled with technetium-99m and might be used in further studies to track the drug.


Anthropogenic activities are one of the main threats to species living in human‐dominated landscapes and can promote behavioral changes in birds. This paper presents a novel approach to test how a migratory species responds to habitat alterations occurring in nesting territories during winter, when the species is absent. From 2000 to 2016, we collated territory and nest monitoring data for the endangered Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus in the north of Spain, to test the effects of overwinter habitat alterations (OHA) around breeding territories on the species reproductive output. We monitored 70 different nest sites and observed OHA around the nesting area in 39 cases. Probability of switching to another nesting site almost tripled after OHA. Pairs that switched experienced substantially decreased breeding success and avoided reusing the nest for 4.8 ± 4.64 years. The presence of determinate landscape elements that provide screening, such as forest patches, increased nest reoccupancy probability after OHA by more than 0.3, to 0. 55 (compared to 0.24 when no screening was present). We also found that the distance and the situation of the OHA were critical factors explaining reproduction probabilities at nest sites. Our results demonstrate how OHA can strongly impact the breeding behavior of long‐lived species. This highlights the need to examine the long‐term impact of OHA rather than focusing only on disturbances during sensitive periods, as is often the case with habitual mitigation measures.


One hundred and ninty seven advance lines/varieties were sown on I si of November and December, 2000 at Department of Plant Pathology. University of Agriculture, Faisalabd. The nursery was inoculated with Puccinia recondita f. sp, tritici and natural inoculum was also relied upon for infection. Based on a leaf rust severity scale 89 lines/varieties were free from disease symptoms, 43 lines/varieties were resistant, 32 moderately resistant, 10 moderately susceptible. 16 susceptible and 7 were highly susceptible in early sown nursery. In late sown nursery 74 were asymptomatic, 28 were resistant, 31 moderately resistant. 8 moderately susceptible, 17 susceptible and 39 highly susceptible. There were no symptoms of yellow rust in either early or late sown nurseries, Majority of lines/varieties sown on I si of December had significantly higher leaf rust severity compared to the similar gerrnplasrn sown on I si November. Commercially grown wheat varieties i.e. Inqilab 91. Bahawalpur 97, MH 97. Kohistan 97 and Iqbal 99 had no leaf rust symptoms indicating their resistance status against the disease. Eiuhtv nine and 74 lines/varieties in earlv and late sown nursery respectively, were free of any disease symptoms or insect attack indicating their good genetic potential which can be exploited for breeding against disease and pest resistance in future.


Significance Uncovering the role of defective metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD) may lead to the discovery of disease-modifying therapies. We recently linked branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism with PD, yet the underlying mechanisms were unknown. We now report the unexpected finding that BCAA metabolic dysfunction causes Parkinson's-like motor deficits and neurodegeneration by inducing a state of hyperactive mitochondria. We found that the type 2 diabetes medication metformin is able to rescue neuronal viability by reducing mitochondrial respiration. These results offer mitochondrial hyperactivity as a new potential mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and suggest that efforts to reduce mitochondrial respiration early in the disease—potentially by metformin treatment—may be efficacious. Metabolic dysfunction occurs in many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, yet its role in disease etiology remains poorly understood. We recently discovered a potential causal link between the branched-chain amino acid transferase BCAT-1 and the neurodegenerative movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD). RNAi-mediated knockdown of Caenorhabditis elegans bcat-1 is known to recapitulate PD-like features, including progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration with age, yet the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. Using transcriptomic, metabolomic, and imaging approaches, we show here that bcat-1 knockdown increases mitochondrial respiration and induces oxidative damage in neurons through mammalian target of rapamycin-independent mechanisms. Increased mitochondrial respiration, or "mitochondrial hyperactivity," is required for bcat-1(RNAi) neurotoxicity. Moreover, we show that post–disease-onset administration of the type 2 diabetes medication metformin reduces mitochondrial respiration to control levels and significantly improves both motor function and neuronal viability. Taken together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial hyperactivity may be an early event in the pathogenesis of PD, and that strategies aimed at reducing mitochondrial respiration may constitute a surprising new avenue for PD treatment.


Embryo development in vivo has been studied in four Citrus aurantium L. polyembryonic genotypes. Seeds were collected 65, 85, 105, 125 and 220 days after pollination (DAP). None of the immature seeds harvested 65 and 85 DAP contained visible embryos. A single embryo at a more advanced developmental stage was observed in the central position at the micropylar apex of the embryo sac in about 74% of seeds harvested at 105 DAP, while at 125 and 220 DAP the majority of seeds had two or more embryos at the same developmental stage crowded together. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of low- and high-copy-number nuclear DNA was used to distinguish zygotic from nucellar seedlings. Analysis of plantlets derived from in vitro culture of the bigger embryos, located in the central position at the micropylar apex of the embryo sac of seeds harvested at 105 DAP, established that the frequencies of zygotic embryos ranged from 82 to 88%. Media for immature embryo germination in vitro were based on the nutrients and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Murashige and Tucker (MT) media supplemented with various concentrations of sucrose and growth regulators. A total of 76% of globular stage embryos (<0.3mm) germinated on MT medium containing 150 mM sucrose and 14.4 μM gibberellic acid. Heart stage embryos (0.3-0.8 mm) germinated at 95% on MT medium supplemented with 150 mM sucrose and 2.9 μM gibberellic acid. The addition of 500 mg/l malt extract to MS medium increased the germination of early cotyledon stage (0.8-2.0mm) embryos to 98%. The optimum sucrose concentration for embryo rescue was 150 mM for the three embryo developmental stages. The ability to form plants in vitro strongly increased with increasing embryo developmental stage.


A facility for x-ray computed microtomography (CMT) has been commissioned on the bending magnet beamline at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS sector at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The APS bending magnet has a critical energy of 20 keV, and thus provides high flux at photon energies up to 100 keV, making it well suited to imaging a wide range of earth materials up to several cm in size. The current apparatus uses a Si (220) channel-cut monochromator covering the energy range from 5 to 35 keV with beam sizes up to 18 mm wide and 4 mm high. The transmitted x-rays are imaged with a single crystal YAG scintillator, a microscope objective and a 1242 X 1152 pixel fast CCD detector. The system spatial resolution is about 3 microns in both the transmission radiographs and the reconstructed slices. Data collection times are approximately 30 minutes. This facility has been used to conduct a number of preliminary studies of earth materials, including inclusion in diamonds, pores in waste repository rocks and fossils. Fluorescence tomography has been conducted on the companion undulator beamline, where we have imaged the internal trace element distribution in interplanetary dust particles.


High failure rate of air compressors and high water content in the instrument compressed air ever existed for a long time in the ins-
trument compressed air system of ash silo area in the ash handling system of Yangzhou No.2 Power Generation Co. This paper analyzes
the causes and harm of these problems; hriefs The taken measures for optimization and retrofitting in light of these problems; puts forward the
concrete requirements of retrofitted system for operation mode and maintenance; and finally estimates the social and economic benefit
gained from the retrofit.


Techniques are developed here for evaluating the r-modes of rotating neutron stars through second order in the angular velocity of the star. Second-order corrections to the frequencies and eigenfunctions for these modes are evaluated for neutron star models. The second-order eigenfunctions for these modes are determined here by solving an unusual inhomogeneous hyperbolic boundary-value problem. The numerical techniques developed to solve this unusual problem are somewhat non-standard and may well be of interest beyond the particular application here. The bulk-viscosity coupling to the r-modes, which appears first at second order, is evaluated. The bulk-viscosity time scales are found here to be longer than previous estimates for normal neutron stars, but shorter than previous estimates for strange stars. These new time scales do not substantially affect the current picture of the gravitational radiation driven instability of the r-modes either for neutron stars or for strange stars. @S0556-2821~99!01518-0#


The aim of this short course is to give you some idea of the different approaches used to model charge transport in photovoltaic devices. The style of presentation reflects my background in continuum mechanics (e.g. fluid mechanics, elasticity etc.) and so is rather different to that encountered in a solid-state physics course. Nevertheless despite the difference in approach the resulting models are the same and I hope that you will find it helpful to see things from a different perspective. It must be emphasised that the list of modelling approaches described here is far from comprehensive. After the Introduction the material is divided into 4 further sections. In Section 2 we briefly review the equilibrium statistical mechanics of a semiconductor as this has some bearing on the non-equilibrium models that we consider in the subsequent 3 sections. In Section 3 we briefly discuss hopping models of charge transport and relate these to continuum drift-diffusion model of the same process. In Section 4 we elaborate on the drift-diffusion model introduced in the previous section and apply this to the particular example of an n-p homojunction used as a solar cell. Furthermore we show that the current-voltage curve predicted by modelling this device using a drift-diffusion model is accurately approximated by a Shockley equivalent circuit. This leads us, in Section 5, to discuss Shockley equivalent circuit models of solar cells and their use in inferring device physics from current-voltage data.


Abstract Some piping systems used in deep water oil production, including risers and flow lines, or those used for sea water piping, are galvanically coupled. The potential and current distributions in the pipe's axial direction have traditionally been predicted using either an analytical expression assuming linear polarisation kinetics or a numerical modelling using polarisation data or corresponding Tafel equations as the model input. The analytical expressions are invalid when the polarisation behaviour is non-linear, as often is the case. The numerical method may find limited users because many experimentalists, technicians and practicing engineers often are not used to or experienced with it. This paper reports an explicit four-step procedure that requires only the use of a spreadsheet to obtain the potential and current distributions from the polarisation data, and the results are robust. The predicted potential distribution is compared with those obtained from traditional numerical and analytical methods. In addition, a method developed to scale the pipe diameter is reported.


This paper discusses a field weakening method for permanent magnet electrical machines. The proposed method can be an alternative to complex mechanical field weakening methods for safety critical applications. The developed concept is based on a split rotor in which a permanent magnet rotor is split into two parts to achieve two states of field excitation; either maximum flux output or the least flux output, depending on alignments between the rotor parts, having a degree of freedom to rotate on the shaft. The stator of the permanent magnet (PM) machine exposes two magnetic fluxes by the split rotor sections. Thus, the fixed nature of the PM excitation can be altered by this concept to achieve a wide speed range, which is a key concern in PM electrical machines at higher speeds. A number of 3D finite element (FE) simulations and a Simulink/Matlab model have been implemented to investigate the dynamic behavior of the system. Although it is challenging to computationally investigate the behavior of the split rotor at different operating conditions due to complex torque interactions, altering the relative angular position of the free-to-rotate rotor on a shaft, the proposed method might eliminate the complex implementation of mechanical field weakening apparatus for PM electrical machines. Thus, a PM machine with split rotor would be used over a wide speed range without excessive voltages at high speeds in fault tolerant aerospace applications.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze Africa's role in the construction of the New Maritime Silk Road. This is just one of the vectors of the ambitious Chinese integration project in Asia, Europe and Africa, launched in 2013 under the title OBOR Initiative (One Belt, One Road). By overcoming the challenges of national reconstruction, China is becoming more assertive and shaping its global integration strategy. In this sense, the New Silk Road aggregates the main objectives of China's diplomacy in the twenty-first century, elevating Africa to a springboard condition in order for the project to become global.


This study aims to find out, analyze and discover the nature of sharia compliance in Sharia banking business activities. This type of research is empirical normative with non-doctrinal or sociological approaches. Researchers used qualitative analysis of the results of the questionnaire and interviews as well as primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that; The essence of Shariah Compliance in Sharia Banking is for the purpose of benefit, prosperity and happiness, blessing, and worship to reach falah (glory). Research suggestions are the need for more intensive socialization, education and awareness process to the public / customers in order to understand the existence and function of sharia banking, 2) The need for aspects of sharia compliance for sharia banking to be a basic value, principles and guidelines, both stakeholders, officials, employees / employee, Sharia Supervisory Board.


A new method to monitor mobility of larvae of Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) in soil by internal radioactive labeling is outlined. 32P was incorporated into a pinto bean diet at 4 µCi/g. The movements of larvae fed this diet were detected in simulations of conventional tillage and no-tillage for 7 days.


The article analyzes the legal and regulatory framework, as well as the decisions of executive authorities that determine the official policy of memory in the Russian Federation. It is established that the possibility to talk about the policy of memory has appeared since the Ancient Rus' period of time, when the main forms of preserving information about historical events and personalities were canonization; carried out by the Russian Orthodox Church, and, public events such as a creation of orders, establishment of monuments, etc. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that self-identification of modern Russian people is mainly related to the Soviet period of the Russian history. The official policy of memory is defined to have constructivist nature rather than protective one. The example of the main "social traumas" of the Russian society of the twentieth century such as the October Revolution of 1917 and the Great Patriotic War reveals the official attitude to fundamental governmental and legal guidelines, inter alia, progressive development of the state and society, civil initiative, prevention of civil wars, fight against fascism and refusal to review the results of the Second World War. An analysis of the decisions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service between 2015 to 2017 on the use of historical images in advertising, which is found offensive, is conducted. The article concludes that the official policy of memory in the Russian Federation has international and domestic components. Examples are given from the legislation of France, Belgium, and Poland, related to the regulation of similar processes.


This note owes its origin to the discussion in Biometrics between Professor Snedecor and Dr. Williams on Query 96 (Biometrics Vol. 8 No. 4). In his original answer Professor Snedecor repeats what has often been written when he says 'The value of X is not intended as an estimate of the missing datum'. Nevertheless whether or not X is intended to be an estimate of the missing datum, it is an estimate of the missing datum, and an unbiased one where the mathematical model used is true. Thus, in the randomized block design, a commonly used model is that in which xii = m + f3i + Ti + Eii where x.i is the observation in the jth treatment in the ith block, m is the mean, , and -r are (fixed) block and treatment constants respectively (subject to the usual constraints : = 0, E -r = 0) and E;j are the random residuals, mutually uncorrelated. If it is further assumed that the variance of Eii is constant, i.e. independent of i and j, then the formula for the missing plot value (y) in a randomised block experiment is y = [rB + tT G]/[(r 1)(t 1)], where r = no. of replicates, t = no. of treatments, B is the total of the remaining values in the block with the missing plot, T the similar total for the treatment, and G is the total of all existing values. This value is the one obtained in a full least-squares analysis of the complete experiment, and its expectation is m + ti + ri , i.e. the mean value of the missing datum. Its variance is a minimum among linear unbiased estimates by the familiar properties of least squares. The variance of y for the randomized block design is given by


Automatic classification and recognition of underwater acoustic communication signal modulation plays a key role in the field of underwater communication and confrontation, and it is a necessary combat capability in modern naval warfare. However, the recognition method based on Gaussian white noise environment established on the basis of traditional theory is still difficult to recognize in the background of underwater impulse noise. Modulation identification faces enormous challenges. In response to this problem, this study proposes an ensemble learning classification algorithm based on the fusion of convolutional neural network feature extraction and artificial feature extraction. Under small sample conditions, the simulation results show that the recognition rate of the ensemble learning method after feature fusion in the mixed Signal samples with multiple signal-to-noise ratios is improved to 99.7%, and it is robust to underwater impulse noise interference.


Virtualization has become such a hot topic in information technology lately. Many businesses are consolidating their resources in to single virtualized systems which saves them money. However this cost savings comes a decrease in performance. This paper provides a scientific review of performance studies completed on virtualized environments. We first analyze the results and provide a survey of performance studies completed comparing benchmark results of various hypervisor's such as VMware, ESX, KVM, VirtualPC and Qemu. We then discuss the performance issues that the host operating system has on virtual environments and based on these results provide a recommendation for the best host operating system to use when running virtual machines.


* The structure of the model is described in a Ph. D. thesis submitted to the University of Kent at Canterbury (1980). The model consisting of 53 equations is estimated by 2SLS principal components method for the period 1958-1974 and is designed to reflect the impact of alternative monetary and fiscal policies. The capital stock and the labour force are considered as given. In detail, explanation of the movements of consumer expenditure brings into the picture income variables, and these in turn produce price variables which are dependent on the money supply. Investment expenditure also brings into the picture credit variables which are dependent on deposit variables which in turn are dependent on income and on interest rates. Finally tax receipts depend upon both tax rates, and the tax base. 1 owe my thanks to R.J.D. Hill for the valuable suggestions on the content of this paper.


modern consumer culture. In European theory, the icon is often invoked as a metaphor for various ambivalent losses that accompany the spread of capitalism, what Max Weber called disenchantment, the replacement of the divine with the secular as the anchor of meaning. Walter Benjamin's thesis that the aura of the work of art is lost in mechanical reproduction is based on the comparison of mass culture images with religious art and artifacts. Perhaps the theorist who makes the comparison between consumer culture images and religious icons most explicitly is Jean Baudrillard. In an early passage in his famous essay on "The Precession of Simulacra," Baudrillard asks:


Abstract:A science-fiction writer on her way to Nigeria, flying on Google Airline's Skylight, the latest in airline technology, finds herself with an unexpected companion—one not easily shaken.


Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are used as an insect biological control in agriculture. Numerous new species are being described but generally little information is provided on their ecological or physiological information. Therefore, this paper presents examination of virulence, penetration rate, reproduction, and some energy reserves (total lipids, total proteins and total carbohydrates) for six species of entomopathogenic nematodes, 3 species of Heterorhabditids ((HP2), (HP4) and H. indica) and 3 species of Steinernema ((S3), S. riobrave and S. rarum) are extracted from soil samples at different countries and places to refer the superlative one to unfavorable environmental conditions. The tested species differed in their penetration rate to Galeria mellonella larvae. Heterorhabditis sp. (HP2) recorded the highest penetration rate (56 %) where it recorded highest total lipids (35.8 %), highest total proteins (60.3%) and the highest virulence to G. mellonella (25%). The highest total carbohydrates were recorded to the steinernema rarum (26%) while the highest reproduction was recorded to Heterorhabditis indicus (149914 IJs/larva).


The past half century has seen wave after wave of efforts across the U.S. designed to achieve equal educational opportunity in our elementary and secondary school system. In this essay, I show how these efforts map onto changing approaches to regulation in general. More precisely, those seeking to advance the rights of "discrete and insular minorities" to obtain true equal educational opportunities have deployed these quite varied regulatory strategies: "adversarial legalism," "command and control regulation," "deregulation and the unleashing of market competition," "outcome-based regulation," and "managerial regulation." And, as with regulatory theory in general, frustration with the seeming lack of success of one regulatory approach has repeatedly spawned a search for a new strategy.


The effect of Sodium Diclofenac (SD) as an inhibitor of pure iron corrosion in a 1.0 N of sulfuric acid was studied spectrally using a UV-VIS at different temperatures of 343.15, 323.15, 303.15 K. The concentration of dissolved iron was determined spectrally using phenanthroline method. The absorbance of each solution was measured at different times, and the data obtained were used to calculate the corrosion rate, which was found to be a zero-order reaction in the presence and absence of the SD inhibitor. The absorbance was decreased with an increase in inhibitor concentration and an increase in temperature. However, the inhibition efficiency was increased with inhibitor concentration an increase. The inhibitor is adsorbed on the surface of the iron particles according to the Langmuir and Kinetic-thermodynamic model of adsorption isotherm. The results indicated that the reaction is endothermic and unspontaneous. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest & lowest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO) & (ELUMO), energy gap (ΔE), were calculated and correlated to the experimental data.


Abstract : When brittles metals are subjected to blast loads, they tend to shatter into a large number of very small particles. The number and size of the particles generated by such an explosive process is well characterized by the semi-empirical cumulative distribution function of Mott. This function, however, contains no information regarding either the manner of break-up or the reason for a particular distribution. The present experimental investigation was undertaken to clarify the role played by dynamic material properties in the ultimate distribution of particle sizes when brittle metals fracture under explosive loads. The phenomenology of brittle fragmentation was examined previously, and a simple model was developed utilizing the concept of crack branching. Using statistical arguments to establish relationships between the energies associated with crack branching and the Mott parameters that characterize the particle distribution, that model predicts that the average mass of a particle from the shattered body is proportional to the fourth power of the crack branching stress intensity factor. To examine the physical relationships between material properties and particle size distributions from blast-loaded structures, two hypereutectoid steels (FS-01 and HF-1) were heat- treated to a number of brittle conditions and evaluated in terms of static tensile properties, plane strain fracture toughness, crack branching behavior, and explosive fragmentation. The distribution parameters did not correlate with strength, toughness, or hardness, but the coarseness of the particles appeared to increase with increasing tensile elongation.


school system permitted us to organize three levels of ability in experimental fourth-grade classes, three levels of ability in experimental fifth-grade classes, and two levels of ability in experimental sixth-grade classes. Experimental classes in each grade met in a single building so that pupils could leave their heterogeneous homerooms to attend the experimental, homogeneous classes. In one building it was necessary to have one class of fifth-graders meet with two sixthgrade classes to provide three levels of ability groupings. In another building sixth-grade classes were divided into only two ability groups. It was decided that the teachers of


The method for controlling the viability of the progenitor cells, proliferation and / or differentiation between, using at least one para-screen signal produced by the mesenchymal cells provider or supplier of such a specific type in vitro is provided.


OBJECTIVE
To summarize the clinical method and initial experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supportive treatment in influenza A H1N1 serious patients.

METHODS
In 5 critically ill patients with influenza A H1N1, their arterial oxygen saturation was 0.70 to 0.85 with oxygen concentration (FiO(2)) 1.00 under mechanical ventilation. In these 5 patients, 3 males and 2 females, vein-vein mode ECMO bypass (femoral vein-internal jugular vein) was carried out to assist pulmonary function. The ratio between ECMO oxygen flow and blood flow was 2-1:1, FiO(2) was 0.21 to 1.00, FiO(2) for mechanical ventilation was 0.30 to 0.70, and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 5-10 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O= 0.098 kPa). Activated coagulation time (ACT) was maintained at 160-250 s. When artery oxygen saturation and artery-venous blood gas became normal on discontinuation of ECMO, ECMO was weaned, and venous cannulas were removed. Mechanical ventilation was continued.

RESULTS
In 5 patients the assisting time of ECMO was 48-330 hours, the mean duration was 178.2 hours. ECMO assisted flow was 2.4-4.0 L/min. The observation time after stoppage of ECMO was 4-24 hours. Four patients were weaned from ECMO, with continuation of assisted respiration successfully. One patient died because the family member gave up hope and the treatment was stopped.

CONCLUSION
Vein-vein mode ECMO bypass through femoral vein-internal jugular vein can offer effective aid to pulmonary function in influenza A H1N1 patients who are critically ill. The strategy can win time for the patients to be able to continue mechanical ventilation treatment.


From the simple physical picture of quark combination model,we obtain the generate probabilities of various particles and relative ration in e~+e~-→qoo→h's process,and find that the relationship between the ration of strange hadron to unstrange hadronγand the strangeness suppression factorλ.Our results can be used to explain particle ration enhancement observed in experiments without assumption of strangeness suppression factor enhancement.


The design for the BPX power and particle handling system consists of a double-null (DN) poloidal divertor with an inner-wall bumper limiter. In addition, a substantial portion of the remainder of the inside of the torus is covered with graphite tiles to withstand high heat flux. In divertor operating modes, the diverted plasma is swept across the divertor plates to reduce the time-average heat loads on the plates. The poloidal divertor is designed both to provide access to H-mode operation and to ensure high recycling in the divertor region, which minimizes impurity production and consequent contamination of the main plasma. The device is capable of both single-null (SN) and DN divertor operation. In addition, an inner bumper limiter is designed to provide an alternative to divertor operation. Additional toroidally and/or poloidally localized limiters are provided on the outboard wall for plasma startup and for protection of the radio-frequency (RF) antennas. In this paper the distribution of plasma power on the first-wall components is discussed. Power handling and the choice of material for the divertor plates and limiters is discussed. A discussion is included of the surface temperature limits and erosion mechanisms. The effect of disruptions on the plasma-facing components follows.more » Finally, tritium retention and particle pumping issues related to the choice of graphite as the first-wall material are discussed.« less


The authors seek to extend theory and empirical findings on interfirm influence strategies by examining their use in channel relationships between suppliers and distributors of industrial products. Research hypotheses are developed, centering on the reciprocal use of noncoercive and coercive influence strategies by the supplier and the distributor in the channel dyad and on the interrelationships of these strategies with the interfirm power, latent conflict, manifest conflict, and conflict resolution constructs. Data from a national survey of industrial distributors are used in testing the research hypotheses, which are generally supported by the empirical results.


In the clinical practice,doctors should follow concrete intercourse principles and master skills,so as to help ad- justing medical sence of doctors and patients,promoting mutual understanding,relationship between doctors and parients,assur- ing the success of medical treatments and achieving medical aims.


The high resolution, high asymmetric diffractive-refractive x-ray lens was tested at BM5 beamline in ESRF. The lens consists of two Si (111) channel-cut crystals in dispersive arrangement with the angle of asymmetry of 12.7°. The channels have a circular profile with the diameter of 22 mm. The test was performed for the energy of 7.8 - 8.1 keV and the focusing distance of 19 - 20 m. At the place of the focus the beam was squeezed horizontally from 8.8 mm (unfocused beam) to 0.4 mm, i.e. more than 20 times. To get a good reflectivity in such a highly asymmetric diffraction, the cylindrical surface had to be mechanically-chemically polished.


Analyzing trends of land use and the change over time is an effective way for assessing the impact on ecosystem function. A study was conducted to detect forest cover change of Yabello forest between 1986 and 2016. The land use maps of 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016 were derived from satellite images. The spatial pattern analysis indicated that the Yabello land use/land cover (LULC) is at a dynamic state and forests had undergone substantial changes during the last 30 years. Between 1986 and 2016, a considerable decrease in forest land cover was observed (-1919.52 ha). Thus, local communities' perceptions indicated that recurrent drought, wood extraction and increased human population size were largely responsible for the observed LULC changes in the study area. Generally, the temporal decrease in forest cover and low woody vegetation diversity showed that the Yabello forest was under degradation, which was attributed to anthropogenic factors. Thus, collaborative forest management arrangements with the local communities and improved law enforcement strategies are essential to ease the present human influence on the natural forest and enhance sustainable management.

 Key words: Forest covers change, satellite image, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS).


In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm based on polygymy which means one father and many mothers is proposed. The population is divided into several sub-populations, and each sub-population is composed of a father, some mothers and some bachelors. Crossover is occurred between the father and the mothers. Mutation is occurred only among the bachelors. The function optimization results show that the proposed algorithm has higher convergence speed and alleviates the problem of premature convergence.


Wednesday, 25 OctoberJean Chretien and Lucien Bouchard dominate the airwaves as I drive from Montreal to Quebec in the early evening darkness. I am not voting, although I probably could bluff my way into eligibility. As a bilingual francophone living in Ontario, I share the ambivalence of many Quebecois in both camps, though not the frustration of many in RoC about Quebec's historical grievances. I also feel drawn to immigrant and Aboriginal perspectives much more than to Canada's more confident and more dominant anglo-celtic culture, however open and generous. But the illusion of fence-sitting remains cold comfort in a climate where one is expected to take sides. There are open and closed minds, and what in another context Ursula Franklin once referred to as "enemy-thinking," both covert and overt, on all fronts. This is scary, whatever the outcome. And while I suspect that the "no" side will win by a narrow margin, I sense that we have reached some sort of watershed, that either way the results will focus the minds and hearts of Canadians on the fact that we are and long have been in crisis. Will this "listening" atmosphere linger enough, and in enough people, to resolve the conflict? I doubt it.If, like me, many Quebecois feel ambivalent, they tend--unlike RoC--to view the current and perpetual crisis positively, and seem quietly assured, whatever the outcome, of a different and better future. Of course, a few predict utopia or the apocalypse--nothing new there--but on the whole I witness little passion. The televised broadcast of the "yes" and "no" rallies in Verdun yesterday and the day before take second place to hockey: while the Quebec Nordiques have transmuted into the Denver Avalanche, Mario Tremblay (a Lac St. Jean "bleuet," no less!) has breathed new life into the Montreal Canadiens. The empty seats so frequently panned by the cameras after Mr. Bouchard replaced Mr. Parizeau at the podium in Verdun likely just meant that there was a Montreal game on that night--bad timing for the "souverainistes," but only if rallies count for much, which I also doubt.Thursday, 26 OctoberThe Royal Family takes precedence over hockey in the realm of popular entertainment--radio personality and prankster Pierre Brassard, impersonating Jean Chretien, engages Her Majesty in a stimulating exchange about the referendum.It is Trent's fall reading week, and I am here to visit family and friends, to attend the Francois-Xavier Garneau conference and to discuss a possible theme issue on Childhood in Canada with a colleague at Laval (to be published in English, it turns out; probably not a bad thing: although Canada remains officially bilingual, we tend to lose readers, and sometimes subscribers, if we publish "too much" in French).My parents are adamant that they are moving back to New Brunswick if the "yes" forces win; more sanguine, my brother and his wife would prefer to remain where they are, even if better jobs--at least for those who are bilingual--can already be found in Ontario. How would life be different for my new niece in an anglophone milieu, no matter how vigilant her parents about language retention? While many of my Ontario acquaintances do understand and empathize with the complexities of multiple allegiances, there are many gradations and kinds of concern. Some feel that Quebecois have the right to separate if a clear majority chooses to do so and if other groups' rights in Quebec are respected, but are saddened by the prospect. Some are quietly angry, and when asked admit that they feel Quebec should not be allowed to separate without RoC voting on it. Then there are those few who leap almost with glee on silly statements by Quebec politicians as "proving" what they "knew" all along--that Quebecois are all racist or, at best, ethnic nationalists. Yet another contingent remains disinterested--a "yes" result would reinforce the present, if not past disinclination of academics within this camp to include muuch about Quebec in their exchanges, research and teaching about Canada. …


In this chapter, we discuss translational approaches to skeletal muscle injury, repair and regeneration. We introduce muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells, and discuss the muscle stem cell niche. We discuss muscle differentiation, myogenesis and how this process is affected in aging. We briefly describe various muscle regulatory pathways that influence muscle growth, including the androgen pathway and testosterone, the IGF pathway, amino acid pathways, Wnt and calcium signaling, and follistatin. We also discuss negative muscle regulators and atrophy-promoting pathways including myostatin, transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling, inflammation and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling. We discuss muscle loss phenotypes such as cachexia and age-associated decline in mass and function, that is, sarcopenia. We discuss approaches to improve muscle mass and function, such as exercise, SARMs and anabolic supplementation.


Every day, we are observing that a wide-ranging amount of data and information is being stored every moment. Mostly the information is dynamic and transactional, and each time the data is being updated from time to time. Getting knowledge from this kind of huge and dynamic data is really becoming tough task with respect to time and efficiency. Fortunately we are served with the intelligent procedures and methods like neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy sets. Along with them we have the rough set theory is a makeable improvement technique was used for knowledge discovery for data dependencies, associations, data reductions and approximation of classification of data from the large data bases. In this paper we would like to propose a dynamic reduction algorithm that can be applicable for producing the reduced attribute set and abridged or condensed reduct set. We would like to analyze and optimize an algorithm which used the abridged reduct set and construct a new classification system. We have considered attribute dependency and attribute significance of Rough Set Theory and are merged for the generation of cohesive reduct set which uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm that reduces the complexity of the existing algorithm and attains good accuracy of the Experimental system results. Finally we dealt with a problem of solving the conflicts in decision rules and classification mechanisms with a new case study to different classes. Optimizing The Classification System Based On Rough Set Theory Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E8/ 035 Page No. 2644-2649 Subject Area Computer Science & Engineering


Abstract: The Christian Creeds outline the central beliefs of Christianity, providing a universal statement of faith for Christians everywhere. This is an account of one perspective on the Creeds, which begins in a narrow Christian community, moves through isolation and solitude, and ends at the edges of a new community; a journey which edges towards the human goal of self-acceptance and understanding. The doctrines are often perceived as fact, but are there grounds for a more nuanced approach? Theologically, some insiders have developed new approaches to Christianity, while traditional Church theology maintains a stubborn outward attitude of non-compromise. Others who have attempted to develop a more existential approach have been often vilified and disowned by the Church. But is there a third way? One which encompasses neither theological technicality nor angry emotional rejection, but a gradual dawning, personal realization that we are all moving from one type of community to another, and that the answers lie in doubt rather than certainty. This paper analyses internal and external dialogues the author has experienced, when moving from the confines of a small Evangelical Christian Church community, through solitude, to the tentative edges of a new multi-vocal community. Starting with an analysis of Fowler's methodology as a tool to evaluate the faith narrative, the author will examine the multiplicity of voices that have informed her journey. She will stop on the way to challenge and encourage the young adult who has become an outsider, to acknowledge the voices of dissenters, to accept a different form of spiritual friendship, and to encounter an evolving community which accepts new voices of gender, doubt and radical interpretation. Finally, she will visit a new creed and ask whether, in the famous words of T. S. Eliot, '... the end of all our exploring / Will be to arrive where we started / And know the place for the first time.'


BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a public health problem and an important cause of work disability in Brazil and worldwide and is a condition of interest for medical assessment. OBJECTIVE: To describe what conditions should be considered to help orient experts to characterize work disability caused by epilepsy. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The term diagnosis of epilepsy in itself is not synonymous with work disability. Most cases have a good prognosis with control, in which there is continued work capability. However, work disability can result from this condition and, in general, is related to somatic or psychological implications, psychiatric comorbidities, side effects of antiepileptic drugs and whenever there is risk to workers' health and/or other people. Factors related to disability are the following: frequent seizures, seizures with loss of consciousness, seizures of sudden onset without triggering factors, seizures in wakefulness, non-adherence to treatment, alcoholism or drug abuse, structural, metabolic or unknown causes of epilepsy, epilepsy resistant to treatment. Other aspects may indicate disease severity, but they should be considered in medical assessment in relation to the following: monitoring referral service, inclusion in programs for special drugs dispensation, complementary tests indication, indication of neuropsychological assessment, polytherapy in high doses, frequent interactions, persistently altered EEG, surgical treatment. All medications analyzed in this review may trigger potential side effects, especially those relating to cognitive and behavioral functions. The results of additional tests should be analyzed in association with symptoms and there are no findings or specific outcomes that are synonymous with work incapacity. Authors tend to characterize the incompatibility of certain occupations or labor situations with epilepsy, even when the disease is controlled. They are as follows: occupations involving activities with risks individuals themselves and others: airline pilots, train conductors, firemen, police officers, operators of hazardous machinery and instruments, solitary guards, swimming instructors and lifeguards, babysitters, nurses, surgeons, professional drivers, military, people responsible for providing care to disabled people, people working at heights or using stairs, near water, with exposure to high voltage electrical circuits, moving vehicles, underground or in contact with fire, furnaces and stoves. CONCLUSIONS: There are specific conditions that should be considered to help orient experts in characterizing work disability caused by epilepsy. Technical training, individualized evaluation, careful and detailed assessment all serve to guide expert judgment that is strongly supported by scientific knowledge, thereby achieving the goal of medical assessment: to see that justice is done.


The effect of arthropod presence and litter accumulation on the vegetative growth of the vascular epiphytes, on the leaves growth pattern in Tillandsia violacea was conducted in an Abies-Quercus temperate forest in Central Mexico. The leave production was recorded every month for one year in 40 relatively small plants of T. violacea (< 20 cm at the base of the rosette) revealing that in plants with litter and arthropods accumulation, there is an oscillatory period of 9.6787 month in the leaves production whereas when arthropod presence and litter accumulation are restricted, the oscillatory period is lost showing an irregular growth pattern. These results suggest the importance of arthropods and litter accumulation on the development of the epiphytic plants.


A critical analysis of current collision risk models on air transport was performed. A general calculation procedure, as an invariant core of problems in consideration is suggested


This is a retro-prospective case series study of a big Iraqi family consisting of 69 members, it was studied over more than 30 years. In all affected patients, multiple operations were done. Nineteen members were affected with the visceral type of intestinal pseudo-obstruction .Fifteen patients died at ages between (8-35) years. Four surviving patients are discussed .Fifty percent of the parents of the affected patients were diabetics. The main clinical presentations were abdominal distention, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation with occasional diarrhea .Radiological investigations showed variable dilatations and stenoses of the bowels ,megaduodenum


In this study a supercritical fluid extraction process using carbon dioxide as a solvent was developed and investigated as a potential energy efficient and cost effective alternative to conventional distillation for the extraction and subsequent fractionation of high value renewable chemicals from lignocellulosic bio-oil. Fundamental solubility studies utilizing both laboratory and pilot infrastructure were completed, and equation of state modelling and process simulations developed for the first time for this supercritical fluid extraction process. Techno-economic evaluation of the processes revealed that supercritical fluid extraction of bio-oil is a competitive alternate to conventional distillation process.


Part 1: Translations1. Philosophy and Sociology2. The Encyclopedia Articles3. The 'Tableau Economique'4. The Dialogues and MaximsPart 2: Essays1. Problems of the 'Tableau Economique'2. The Physiocratic Concept of Profit3. Physiocracy and the Early Theories of Under-Consumption4. Physiocracy and Classicism in Britain5. The Interpretation of Physiocracy


The ultimate goal of blind speech separation is to separate individual speech (source) signals from a set of convolutional mixtures of these signals. This is a difficult problem given the overlap in both timeand frequency-domains of the sources not to mention compounding acoustical effects. Current approaches to this problem have yielded only modest results. In this paper, we extend a blind separation algorithm (used for instantaneous mixtures) to compensate for non-time aligned sources in the mixtures. While this is a special case of the convolutional mixing model, it takes into account propagation delays and can thus be used in environments where echo is minimal.


>The emission and absorption of gamma quanta by nuclei in a crystal lattice were studied, and the variations in equilibrium positions and normal frequencies of lattice oscillations in relation to the state of the nucleus were evaluated.


The labour scarcity is a major impediment to conduct timely farm operations in agriculture. Similarly, Coconut palm being an important commercial horticulture crop of Mandya district, Karnataka State, the farmers of coconut garden are facing scarcity of labour for harvesting the tender and matured nuts. The rural youth are migrating to the cities from the rural areas in search of jobs for their livelihood (Yalesi, 2016). As they perceived that farming is not a full time regular employment provider for their livelihood and the profits accrued from this are meager and they often experienced losses because of climate vagaries, less marketable produce etc. (Latha, 2003). This kind of impact created scarcity of labour in the rural area and swarming migration to the cities/towns. To retain the youth in rural areas the Government launched skill development programs to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Friction drilling is a nontraditional hole making process getting tremendous attention recently. In this process, tool is penetrated into the work piece due to the softening caused by the heat, which is developed between tool and the work piece. Materials less than 5mm thickness can be used for friction drilling. Wide varieties of materials such as tool steel, high speed steel, tungsten carbide and H13 steel can be used either with conical profile as friction drilling tool. For improving tool life nanocoating can be applied. This review mainly focuses on various optimization techniques such as Taguchi method and design of experiments, which can be utilized in friction drilling. Surface roughness, conicity and tribological response are also addressed in this study. Various parameters like cutting feed and speed, which play prominent role during friction drilling process are suitably dealt with. © 2020 Published by Faculty of Engineering * Corresponding Author: V.K. Bupesh Raja E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 20 February 2019 Revised: 7 September 2019 Accepted: 24 March 2020


This paper studied the processing technology of dried bamboo shoots,juice shoots,seasoning bamboo shoots,extended the edible period of Lei bamboo.It's convenient for consumers,and there will be good market prospect.


9051 Background: The MAPK and PI3K pathways share common upstream activators and contribute to cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Due to compensatory signaling, only partial tumor growth inhibition may occur when targeting either pathway alone. Preclinically-observed synergistic effects of combined PI3K and MEK inhibitors suggest that dual inhibition may be more effective. Methods: This phase 1b, open-label study (CMEK162X2109) is evaluating the PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 combined with MEK inhibitor binimetinib (MEK162) in patients (pts) with RAS- or BRAF-mutant advanced solid malignancies (> 10 types). The objective for dose escalation was estimation of the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended dose for expansion (RDE), guided by the Bayesian logistic regression model. Results: As of September 2, 2013, 58 pts were enrolled and BYL719 was orally co-administered at 80, 120, 160, 200, 220, or 270 mg once-daily (QD) with binimetinib at 30 or 45 mg twice-daily (BID) in 28-day cycles. Thi...


Ecosystem begets, nurtures, sustains and transforms the live and live-forms. The present study has delved deeper into the congenital effect of climate change on productivity of rice in regards to coastal agro-ecosystem through estimation of agro-ecological and metrological variables. The present study also envisaged the perceptual and situation analysis of change dynamics of rice productivity by taking 19 independent variables and dependent variable, Change in Productivity (Y5). The study has been based on a blend between participatory rural appraisal and a conventional multivariate statistical analysis including correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, path analysis and canonical covariate analysis. Almost every year, within a cohort of last 53 years, coastal agriculture of Odisha has experienced brunt of 40 years of drought, flood or cyclones. This has been reflected in the stagnating yield of food crops over the couple of decades, which has negated the positive impact of modern technology and fertilizer application in the operating farms. The result shows that, the variables like, Age (X1), Family Size (X3), Change in Consumption of Kerosene (X6), Changing Interaction with Extension Agent (X15), Changing Cropping Intensity (X17), Change in average fertilizer dose (X19) change pattern of watching television, listening to radio and change in education, all have been redeemed into a dependable estimator of change dynamics of productivity of rice with respect to climate change scenario.


As an important part of forestry information, forestry periodicals play a distinct role in invigorating forestry through science and technology as follows: a carrier of forestry science and technology; a medium of transferring forestry achievement into productivity; a school for training of forestry staff; a source to enforce forestry development; a bridge for increasing forestry cooperation and exchange. Key measurements to better running periodicals were proposed for invigorating forestry through science and technology.


The objectives in this study are as follows: 1. Describe the application of group counseling services client centered approach in reducing online game addiction in class XI IPS 2 students in SMA 1 Pecangaan Jepara Academic Year 2018/2019. 2. Describe the conditions of the decline in online game addiction in class XI IPS 2 students in SMA 1 Pecangaan Jepara after getting a client centered approach group counseling service.
Online game is a type of game that can be played by several players at once by utilizing a device (device) that is connected through an internet network (online). Online game addiction in this study is a condition in which players (students of class XI IPS 2) feel unable to resist the desire to leave the device not to play the game online. The client centered approach group counseling service is an intervention model used by researchers in reducing online game addiction in class XI IPS 2 students through guidance and counseling action research.
This research was conducted at Pecangaan Jepara High School 1. This research took place in the 2018/2019 school year period. This type of research is PTBK with stages: 1. Planning, 2. Implementation, 3. Observation and 4. Reflection is carried out in two research cycles, each cycle is held three times. The research subjects were ten students in class XI 1 Pecangaan Jepara High School. Data collection techniques using observation and interviews. Analysis of the data used is descriptive quantitative data analysis.
Addicted to online games in class XI SMA 1 Pecangaan Jepara has decreased. The average pre-cycle score is known to be 18.55 (74%) (High). In the first cycle, the average meeting was found to be 17.15 (69%) (High), the second meeting was 16.00 (64%) (Fair), the third meeting was known that the mean score was 14.57 (58%) ( Enough). Cycle II, the first meeting had an average score of 12.20 (49%) (Low) category, the second meeting of 10.03 (40%) category (Low), the third meeting of 8.71 (35%) category (Very Low).
Researchers concluded the results of the study as follows: 1. Researchers as implementing group counseling activities to reduce online game addiction in class XI IPS 2 students in SMA 1 Pecangaan Jepara have increased from cycle I to cycle II. In the first cycle, it was found out that the researchers obtained a score of 49 (54%) (Fair) category. Cycle II researchers obtained a score of 65 (72%) (Good) category. 2. Addiction to online games in class XI IPS 2 students in SMA 1 Pecangaan Jepara has gradually diminished. Pre-cycle is known to the level of online gaming addiction of students in the category (High), with an average score of 18.55 (74%). In the first cycle reduced in the category (Fair), with an average score of 14.57 (58%). Cycle II addiction to online games in students has been reduced in the category (Very Less), with an average score of 8.71 (35%). Researchers convey the following suggestions. 1. Students: Students should make more use of the time available for more useful activities besides playing online games. Like reading, playing and chatting with residents around. 2. Teacher Guidance and Counseling: Guidance and counseling teachers should use the results of research as a reference in applying group counseling to a client centered approach in helping to alleviate student problems. Especially in reducing online game addiction. 3. Principal: Principals should implement policies in determining policies regarding the use of devices in schools by students, as well as the optimization of the implementation of guidance and counseling in schools by guidance and counseling teachers. 4. Further Research: Further researchers should consider the various dynamics of changing times and technology in looking at students' problems, and are also expected to be able to utilize technology in an effort to help students solve their problems.


This paper presents a developed impedance-type power inverter that is termed switched-inductor Z-source inverter. To enlarge voltage adjustable ability, the proposed inverter employs a unique switched-inductor impedance network to couple the main circuit and power source. Compared with the classical Z-source inverter, the proposed inverter increases the voltage boost inversion ability significantly, and only a very short shoot-through zero state is required to obtain high voltage conversion ratios. In addition, the voltage buck inversion ability is also provided in the proposed inverter for those applications that need low ac voltages. Same to the classical Z-source inverter, the proposed concepts of switched-inductor Z-source inverter can be applied to various applications of dc-ac, ac-ac, dc-dc and ac-dc power conversion. A detailed theoretical analysis and the general discussion are given. Both simulation and experimental results verify the main analytical results.


ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify the factors of the attributes related to the cognitive image of a coastal and marine destination; (ii) to segment the demand based on the satisfaction generated by the attributes; and (iii) to establish what image attributes can predict loyalty. This study took place in Acapulco, a coastal and marine destination in Mexico. This quantitative study used 441 valid questionnaires from domestic tourists. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, and a K-means segmentation was performed. A step-by-step multiple regression was also used. The results show six factors: "Personal attention," "Tourist infrastructure," "Cultural activities," "Quality of service," "Natural and aquatic activities," and "Entertainment." Also, three segments were identified, based on the attributes of the image: "Want it all," tourists who are satisfied with all the attributes of the image; "Coastal activity seekers," visitors experiencing a greater satisfaction level with natural, aquatic, and cultural activities; and "Passive tourists," who had lower levels of satisfaction compared to the other groups. Concerning the attributes that can predict loyalty, "Acapulco as a vacation spot for the family" was the most important predictor of intentions to return and intentions to recommend the destination.


Lithium niobate crystals doped with neodymium were studied with the help of electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR in the temperature range of 4.2–20 K. Tremendous narrowing of the EPR lines in nearly stoichiometric samples in comparison with congruent ones allowed us to distinguish four non‐equivalent centers, as well as line splitting caused by hyperfine interaction of neodymium electrons with nuclear spins of both magnetic isotopes 143Nd and 145Nd. It is shown that one of the centers has axial C3 symmetry, whereas all others have lowest C1 symmetry due to presence of intrinsic defects or/and charge compensation defects in the near neighborhood of Nd3+. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The flow of migrants and transformation of agriculture are the two main issues on which Poland's accession negotiations with the European Union have focused. The former question which relates to one of the basic principles of the functioning of the Union, may in fact constitute the most difficult problem. In the 1980's Poland become an origin of large migration streams directed towards Western Europe and North America. Although this movement has considerably decreased during the 1990s, the decline pertains mostly to the so-called permanent migration, i.e. migration for the purpose of settlement, whereas temporal labour migration from Poland has persisted, or even increased in magnitude. Since a considerable part, perhaps a majority of these moves are irregular in character, while aiming at employment outside the formal sector, they give rise to widely different estimations as to their magnitude, the typical duration of stay, or the socio-economic characteristics of migrants. Hence, forecasts and prognoses concerning the scale and composition of migration from Poland, following its accession to the European Union are also subject of diverging evaluations. Yet these forecasts represent a crucial factor on which concrete negotiation positions relating to the accession process are to be formulated. The interest, in together with a certain anxiety surrounding the question of present and future migration from Poland (to a much lesser extent from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia and Estonia whose outmigration potential has proven to be quite limited over the past decade) concentrates in two of the EU countries, namely in Germany and Austria. Though Polish migrant workers (and sometimes also small entrepreneurs) are visible in all other EU countries (as well as in non-member countries, Island included), their presence on the local labour and housing markets does not seem to be regarded as an issue, especially as they usually constitute a small fraction among much more numerous, and more vocal immigrant groups from the less developed countries. Conversely, the Federal Republic of Germany is by far the most important destination for migrants from Poland, both those who come to work, and those (in large proportion the Aussiedler) who come to settle there. Austria, on the other hand, which borders with four countries aspiring to EU membership, feels particularly vulnerable to population inflow from, among others, the densely inhabited regions of southern Poland, where, owing to their incorporation in the Austrian Hungarian Monarchy during 1772-1918, some cultural links with Austria are still discernible. In fact, the 1990s have witnessed negative changes in the attitudes of West European societies towards foreign migrants (N. Keyfitz, 1992), as a consequence of the growing migration pressure and the rising tide of refugees and asylum seekers at the beginning of the decade. In spite of the fact that the visions of uncontrolled, mass East-West migration in Europe, as formulated by many experts in 1989-1990 have not materialised, the more


Finite element model updating is the important foundation of structural damage detection, condition assessment for engineering structure. A new method, for finite element model updating based on the quasi-static generalized influence line (QSGIL) residual objection, is presented to update the finite element model of beam-structure in order to improve the quality and precision of finite element analysis. Both of the theory and model experimental study show that the proposal method can efficiently update the finite element model in the previous study [1]. In this paper, the updating techniques are further developed to update the finite element model of the existing T-Girder bridge, the QSGIL of the updating model agrees very well with the field QSGIL of the existing bridge, which illustrates that the proposal methodology is promising in the practical bridge structure and other structures.


The 15 kDa selenoprotein (Sepl5) is one of several recently identified selenoproteins. It contains a single selenocysteine residue in the middle of a 162-amino acid open reading frame and has no detectable homology to known proteins. The human Sepl5 gene spans 5 1 kb, has 5 exons and is located on chromosome 1 at position p3 1. The gene contains two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) including one in the SECIS element, that are distributed differently between Caucasians and African Americans. Sep 1 5 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is tightly bound to UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, a protein involved in the quality control of protein folding. Sepl5 may be involved in the chemopreventive effect of dietary selenium. This hypothesis is based on its differential expression in normal and malignant tissues, the distribution and functional consequences of natural polymorphisms within its gene, and the location of the Sepl 5 gene in a region that is often altered in a variety of cancers. Introduction The number of selenoproteins identified thus far in vertebrates stands at 22 (see Chapter 9). The function of only a few of these proteins is known. Since there is mounting evidence that at least some of the beneficial effects of selenium on health, including its anticarcinogenic properties, are mediated through selenoproteins, it is important to identify, characterize and determine functions for as many selenoproteins as possible.


Abstract Two new species of thelodont are described. A new thelodontiform is based on articulated skeletons and isolated scales from late Telychian (Llandovery) to earliest Sheinwoodian (Wenlock) shales of the Avalanche Lake sections, Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T., Canada. The head is blunt; it and the anterior trunk are broad and dorsoventrally flattened, while the posterior trunk and tail are more slender and laterally compressed. Unlike most other articulated thelodonts, there is no evidence of fins apart from the caudal fin. The hypocercal tail displays no evidence of rays or intermediate secondary lobes. The scales are robust, with large bases, large pulp cavities, and strong crown ridges in a stellate pattern; scale crowns are almost unornamented along the presumed ventral margin of the trunk and tail. An articulated specimen from the uppermost Telychian of Baumann Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is considered conspecific because of similarities in scale size and ornament, and extends the stratigraphic range of the species from the late Telychian griestoniensis-sakmaricus Graptolite Zone to the early Sheinwoodian centrifugus-insectus Graptolite Zone/Pterospathodus procerus Conodont Superzone, and the geographic range from the Selwyn Basin of the Yukon and N.W.T. to the Franklinian Basin of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut. A new phlebolepidiform is based on scales only. It also occurs both in the Mackenzie Mountains and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The two new species contribute significantly to a preliminary vertebrate faunal succession scheme for both areas and are therefore considered to be biostratigraphically useful.


OBTAINED polymer compositions thermally reversible by reacting isocyanate compounds HYDROGEN UNSTABLE AND FUNCTIONALITY. JOINING THE UNSTABLE COMPOUNDS isocyanate or HYDROGEN FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, aromatic polyimide, aromatic polycarbonate, POLIARILSULFURO, aromatic polyester PROPERTY WITH LIQUID CRYSTAL AND POLIARILIMIDAZOLIDINA oligomers. TALES isocyanate-based polymer compositions thermally reversible, WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS ARE USEFUL, AMONG OTHER THINGS, AS FINISHING SURFACE COATINGS ON COMPOSITES, such as polyethylene terephthalate polypropylene and polyethylene. ALSO DESCRIBED oligomers POLIARILIMIDAZOLIDINA NEW AND FINISHED POLIARILSULFURO hydroxyl phenolic and its preparation.


Objective To investigate the role of c-fos in the protective effect of limb ischemic preconditioning(LIP) against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries.Methods Fifty-four Wistar rats with vertebral arteries permanently occluded were divided into sham operation group,cerebral ischemic group and LIP+cerebral ischemic group.Cerebral ischemic group and LIP+cerebral ischemic group were further divided into 1,6,24 and 72 h groups according to the time of reperfusion after cerebral ischemia respectively.Changes in the expression of c-fos in the hippocampus were observed using immunohistochemical method.Results There was no obvious c-fos positive expression in every subfield of hippocampus in sham operation group.In cerebral ischemic group,c-fos expression was found in the CA3 subfield and dentate gyrus rather than the CA1 subfield,especially at 6 h after cerebral ischemia,and this expression began to be diminished at 24 h and disappeared at 72 h after cerebral ischemia.In LIP+cerebral ischemic group,some weak immunoparticles were found in the hippocampus CA1 at 1 h after cerebral ischemia.The expression of c-fos was obviously enhanced at 6 h,the number and total area of positive cells and optical density were significantly higher compared with sham operation and cerebral ischemia 6 h groups(P(0.01).) The expression of c-fos tended to decrease at 24 h,and recovered to level of sham operation group level at 72 h.Conclusion The protection conferred by LIP against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries may be associated with the increased expression of c-fos in the hippocampus CA1 induced by LIP.


Through tracking dissolved oxygen, free sulfur dioxide, colority, tone, dipping height, sensory and other aspects of the quality of bottled red dry wine with four kinds of agglomerated corks and two kinds of synthetic corks, and keeping the bottles were up and down for 6 months, 24 months and 36 months, to evaluate their sealing performance of these corks.The result showed that among the four kinds of agglomerated corks, two kinds of which slightly larger diameter sealing performance were better, two kinds of synthetic corks overall sealing performance were outstanding.


The pattern selection problem in binary-mixture convectio n in an extended channel with a lateral through-flow is presented. The through-flo w breaks left–right parity and changes pattern dynamics dramatically. The prob lem is studied based on computer simulation of the complete set of hydrodynamic e quations (OberbeckBoussinesq approximation) in the two-dimensional rectang ular channel with aspect ratio Γ = 12 and convection-suppressing lateral boundary conditions. A wide variety of new dynamical patterns is obtained, discussed and cla ssified. PACS numbers: 47.20.Ky, 47.27.Te, 47.54.+r Typeset using REVT EX


Many organizations, ranging from small entrepreneurial start–ups to large, multi–business and multi–national enterprises, exhibit a family dimension. Although there is much evidence that this familial dimension is pervasive in organizing economic activities, it remains understudied. The articles in this special issue further our understanding of family businesses and how they might be usefully managed and organized at operational and policy levels. They examine important topics—management succession, agency costs in family versus non–family firms, the effects of culture, and family elites in rent–seeking societies—and improve our understanding of the role of family in entrepreneurial wealth creation at both firm and societal levels. Importantly, these papers further our understanding of the contingencies and contexts wherein family based approaches to organizing enterprise might yield advantages or disadvantages.


A pilot study of hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in four kinds of forest stands in Ming Tombs forest farm.The result shows: ①The litter total storage capacity of Chinese arborvitae is 3.67 t/hm2,the maximum water capacity is 8.54 t/hm2,the modified interception amount is 9.83 t/hm2;The litter total storage capacity of Chinese pine is 12.44 t/hm2,the maximum water capacity is 20.45 t/hm2,the modified interception amount is 26.75 t/hm2;The litter total storage capacity of Cotinus coggygria is 12.29 t/hm2,the maximum water capacity is 21.81 t/hm2,the modified interception amount is 26.67 t/hm2;The litter total storage capacity of Chinese pine-Cotinus coggygria mixed forest is 13.27 t/hm2,the maximum water capacity is 21.10 t/hm2,the modified interception amount is 27.29 t/hm2;② Without decomposition litter reached saturation in 10 h,and semi-decomposition litter reached saturation in 10 h,the relationship of water holding capacity and soaking time is Q=aln(t)+b;the absorption rate is the largest in first half-hour,after 4 h,the rate was obviously slowed down the relationship of absorption rate and soakperiod is V=ktn.③The soil water holding capacity of Chinese pine is the strongest to 206.9 t/hm2,and Chinese pine-Cotinus coggygria mixed forest the worst to130.2 t/hm2,using power function of infiltration rate and infiltration fitting time.