In the present paper, the finite element method is used to perform an exhaustive analysis of the thermal behavior of encapsulated phase change materials (EPCMs), which includes an assessment of several materials in order to identify the best combination of PCM and shell material in terms of thermal energy storage, heat transfer rate, cost of materials, limit of pressure that they can support and other criteria. It is possible to enhance the heat transfer rate without a considerable decrease of the thermal energy storage density, by increasing the thickness of the shell. In the first examination of thermomechanical coupling effects, the technical feasibility can be determined if the EPCM dimensions are designed considering the thermal expansion and the tensile strength limit of the materials. Moreover, when a proper EPCM shell material and PCM composition is used, and compared with the current storage methods of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, the use of EPCM allows one to enhance significantly the thermal storage, reaching more than 1.25 GJ/m3 of energy density.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] II TUDENTS AT Oakland Unified School District in California who want to pursue careers in the medical field are participating in virtual medical internships as part of their high school curriculum. Oakland Unified follows a linked learning model, which means the school's academic curriculum includes a sequence of courses specific to the student's chosen future career. As part of the program, students participate in work-based learning experiences to help them develop real-world skills in their chosen field and put their classroom learning into context, and the district has partnered with local businesses, organizations and government to provide students with those experiences. The district offers 26 career pathways, several of which are for students who want to pursue careers in the field of health. While it's relatively easy to provide students with pre-internship readiness experiences in fields like the arts, media or entertainment, it's challenging to provide them in health career pathways because of issues with patient confidentiality and the hectic pace in hospitals. As a result, students and teachers are frustrated, and so are partners who provide student internships because those students don't arrive as well prepared as they're expected to be. Developing Virtual Medical Internships The James Irvine Foundation provided the district with a grant to develop virtual medical internships using the Learnscape system from Toolwire, and leaders from the district worked with Toolwire to develop the computer-based simulations to prepare students for their actual internships. The teachers and staff in the district's health career pathways program are familiar with the typical scenarios that trip students up when they get out into the real world. They identified 12 career and technical education standards in the health field that students needed to master and mapped those internship scenarios to the learning standards. Toolwire's staff then took that information and used it to create virtual simulations of the scenarios in the Learnscape software. Virtual Medical Internships in Action The virtual medical internship program consists of a series of three detailed scenarios designed to provide the students with experiences that will prepare them for real-world internships, and students in grades 10 through 12 work through the scenarios as part of their health career pathways classes. The first scenario is designed for beginners and models situations students might typically encounter on their first week at a busy hospital. "A big part of the first scenario was helping students understand those job readiness skills that they have to have, that when it says that they have a 2:00 start time for their internship, that doesn't mean start finding your way to the internship in that hospital at 2:00. …


Automatic counting of passengers is very important for both business and security applications. We present a single-camera-based vision system that is able to count passengers in a highly crowded situ- ation at the entrance of a traffic bus. The unique characteristics of the proposed system include, First, a novel feature-point-tracking- and on- line clustering-based passenger counting framework, which performs much better than those of background-modeling-and foreground-blob- tracking-based methods. Second, a simple and highly accurate cluster- ing algorithm is developed that projects the high-dimensional feature point trajectories into a 2-D feature space by their appearance and dis- appearance times and counts the number of people through online clus- tering. Finally, all test video sequences in the experiment are captured from a real traffic bus in Shanghai, China. The results show that the system can process two 320240 video sequences at a frame rate of 25 fps simultaneously, and can count passengers reliably in various dif- ficult scenarios with complex interaction and occlusion among people. The method achieves high accuracy rates up to 96.5%. © 2010 Society of


In recent decades globalization has become increasingly evolving. The existence of openness between countries facilitates the establishment of mutually beneficial cooperation between various countries. The formation of ASEAN organizations is one example of the existence of globalization. This research aims to analyze the influence of globalization, especially economic, social, political and economic growth and wages on unemployment in ASEAN. This research uses regression analysis of panel data. Zurich and the World Bank in the period 2000-2017. The results of the study concluded that the variables of globalization as a whole, social and political globalization have a significant negative effect on unemployment. The wage control variable has a significant negative effect, while economic growth has a negative but insignificant effect on unemployment. Meanwhile, economic globalization has a positive effect on the unemployment rate in ASEAN.


Abstract : Radioimmunoassay and nitrocellulose filter-binding competition experiments were performed to determine the extent of recognition of Bromine-poly(r(C-G) by anti-Z-DNA antibodies. The polyclonal rabbit anti-Br-poly(d(C-G)igG preparations T4 and Z6 specifically recognize the Z-form of polyR(C-G, although the binding affinities are 10-to 100fold lower for Z-RNA than for various forms of Z-DNA. Competition RIA experiments verify the presence of a Z-DNA like determinant in left handed Br poly R(C-G) at physiological Sodium Chloride concentration. Phosphate buffer or high ionic strength conditions inhibit recognition of Z-RNA by anti Z-DNA IgGs, consistent with recognition of a phosphodiester backbone determinant. In summary, these spectroscopic and immunochemical studies demonstrate that under conditions of conformational stress (i.e. containing brominated nucleosides) left-handed Z-RNA is stable and is specifically recognized by proteins at physiological temperature and ionic strength.


Bayarri and Castellanos (BC) have written an interesting paper discussing two forms of posterior model check, one based on cross-validation and one based on replication of new groups in a hierarchical model. We think both these checks are good ideas and can become even more effective when understood in the context of posterior predictive checking. For the purpose of discussion, however, it is most interesting to focus on the areas where we disagree with BC:


A new FDTD method with weakly conditionally stability is presented. The time step in this method is only determined by one space discretisation. Because the split error in this method is proportional to the time step, not the square of the time step, the accuracy of the proposed technique is better than that of the ADI-FDTD method, this being demonstrated by numerical examples.


We propose a 3D split vector-radix decimation-in-frequency (DIF) FFT algorithm for computing the 3D DFT, based on a mixture of radix-(2/spl times/2/spl times/2) and radix-(4/spl times/4/spl times/4) index maps. It is shown that the proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity significantly in comparison to the existing 3D vector radix FFT algorithms as well as algorithms that are based on row-column decomposition. In addition, since the proposed algorithm is expressed in a simple matrix form using the Kronecker product, it facilitates easy software or hardware implementation of the algorithm.


A series of spiro-[indoline-3,3′-pyrrolizin/pyrrolidin]-2-ones, 4, 5 and 6 were synthesized in a sequential manner from Cu–TEMPO catalyzed dehydrogenation of alkylated ketones, 1 followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides via decarboxylative condensation of isatin, 2 and l-proline/sarcosine, 3 in high regioselectivities and yields. The detailed mechanistic studies were performed to identify the reaction intermediates, which revealed that the reaction proceeds via dehydrogenative cycloaddition. Additionally, the regio and stereochemistry of the synthesized derivatives were affirmed by 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. The synthesized derivatives were explored further with molecular docking, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities.


Wear is a process of gradual removal of a material from surfaces of solids subject to contact and sliding. Damages of contact surfaces are results of wear. They can have various patterns (abrasion, fatigue, ploughing, corrugation, erosion and cavitation). The results of abrasive wear are identified as irreversible changes in body contours and as evolutions of gaps between contacting solids. The wear depth profile of a surface is a useful measure of the removed material. The definition of the gap between contacting bodies takes into account deformations of bodies and evolutions of wear profiles. The wear depth can be estimated with the aid of wear laws. Derived in this study, constitutive equations of anisotropic wear are extensions of the Archard law of wear. The equations describe abrasion of materials with microstructures. The illustrative example demonstrates calculations of the abraded mass and temperatures in pin-on-disc test rig.


The structure of nuclei far from stability around 32Mg have been recently investigated by means of a novel method. In-beam γ-decay spectroscopy of a large number of exotic neutron-rich nuclei produced by a projectile fragmentation has been performed, using coincidences between the recoil fragments collected at the focal plane of SPEG and the γ-rays emitted at the target location. Preliminary results on both the population mechanism and the decay of excited states are presented.


System and method for redistributing light from the light source. The controller irradiance profile of the light source becomes more uniform, and can be re-distribute the light so that the irradiance profile and the fluid flow profile match. Irradiance profile by modifying the light leakage from the plurality of waveguides, or may be controlled by changing the light directing properties of the reflector and / or lens.


Objective: To observe whether a well vascularized temporoparietal fascial flap would improve rabbit intratemporal facial nerve regeneration repaired with chitin chamber.Methods:Defects(6mm) of left intratemporal facial nerve were created in 40 rabbits and were repaired with chitin chamber.In the experimental group,the chitin chamber was wrapped in pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap,whereas in the control group it was not.The gross observation,electrophysiological test,histological examination and morphological analysis were performed at 3 and 5 months after operation.Results:In the same perioed after operation,incubation period of evoked potential was shorter and amplitude higher in the experimental group.Fibrous diameter of the regenerated nerve was larger and myelin sheath thicker in the experimental group as well.All of them were statistically different in comparison with the control group.Conclusion:This study suggested that pedicled temporoparietal flap could improve intratemporal facial nerve regeneration within chitin chamber.


ABSTRACT Some politicians in Europe ever more frequently claim that multiculturalism has failed. Others assert that it is primarily the current model of democracy which is in crisis. On the other hand Africa is generally perceived as a continent without experience with either democratic tradition or even liberal concept of multiculturalism. But is that really the case? What do we know about the diversity of the African continent in Central Europe? A potential positive example of successful democratisation and multiculturalism forming processes in Africa could be presented by Zambia. Where are then the limitations and challenges in the process of building a democratic system within the framework of African multiculturalism?


Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and periferic blood smears horses maintained in tree breed system: confined, semi confined and extensive. The blood of this animals was analyzed for immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for B. equi, and the prevalence obtained were the 89.58%, 87.89% and 45.24%, in extensive system, on semi confined system and confined system, respectively. For the direct exam in blood smear, the values was 16.7%, 16.13% and 4.78%, respectively in extensive system, on semi confined system and confined system


In shared control teleoperation, the robot assists the user in accomplishing the desired task. Rather than simply executing the user's command, the robot attempts to integrate it with information from the environment, such as obstacle and/or goal locations, and it modifies its behavior accordingly. In this article, we propose a real-time shared control teleoperation framework based on an artificial potential field approach improved by the dynamic generation of escape points around the obstacles. These escape points are virtual attractive points in the potential field that the robot can follow to overcome the obstacles more easily. The selection of which escape point to follow is done in real time by solving a soft-constrained problem optimizing the reaching of the most probable goal, estimated from the user's action. Our proposal has been extensively compared with two state-of-the-art approaches in a static cluttered environment and a dynamic setup with randomly moving objects. Experimental results showed the efficacy of our method in terms of quantitative and qualitative metrics. For example, it significantly decreases the time to complete the tasks and the user's intervention, and it helps reduce the failure rate. Moreover, we received positive feedback from the users that tested our proposal. Finally, the proposed framework is compatible with both mobile and manipulator robots.


Hydrated soft tissues such as articular cartilage can be considered as porous materials consisting of an organic solid matrix saturated by a pore‐fluid. These types of biological tissues exhibit significant viscoelastic behaviour because of flow‐dependent fluid‐solid interaction and flow‐independent viscoelastic skeleton properties. To describe this complex behaviour, a linear viscoelastic two‐phase model based on the macroscopic Theory of Porous Media is presented. The required linear viscoelastic constitutive law is given in differential form deduced from rheological considerations. Numerical examples within the finite element method show the applicability of the presented model. Furthermore, they reveal the influence of the flow‐independent viscoelasticity of the solid skeleton on the general behaviour of hydrated soft tissues, for example on articular cartilage.


The Internet of Things (IoT) carries a big promise, to improve our lives through numerous connected devices that interact with one another. Unfortunately, some of these devices are of questionable security, becoming targets of choice for numerous exploits. This can result in compromising the home network, as well as large scale attacks such as the recent Mirai network of botnets that was used in a DDoS attack. The problem is that end users have a hard time assessing the risks induced by connected devices, and often lack the skills and time to administrate their home network. We answer the above challenge by proposing STewARD, a solution that allows users to easily request from their intelligent home network controller the creation of isolated software-defined network slices, to which they assign a required trust level using very simple risk assessment. We build a global trust assessment framework that computes a trust score for each class of devices, based on reported history stored in a blockchain. Network controllers can then leverage this information to connect to slices only those devices that meet the expected trust levels, and can contribute to the crowd-sourced reporting by monitoring the devices' behaviors compared to an expected baseline.


The invention discloses a movable efficient laryngoscope. The movable efficient laryngoscope comprises a wearing observer, a wireless data transmitter and a movable laryngoscope body, wherein the wearing observer is respectively connected with the movable laryngoscope body and the wireless data transmitter wirelessly; the wireless data transmitter is mounted on a computer and is used for receiving data signals of the wearing observer and transmitting the data signals to the computer; the wearing observer comprises a wearing rack and an observing device which is detachably arranged on the wearing rack; the wearing rack comprises a cross beam and legs; two nose pads are arranged in the middle of the cross beam; the legs are arranged on two sides of the cross beam; and the cross beam and the legs are integrated. The invention aims to provide the laryngoscope which can examine movably, can wirelessly transmit examination data to the computer, and accurately observes laryngoscope detection images through the wearing observer. By the movable laryngoscope with the wearing function, detection time can be greatly shortened, examination of medical workers to patients is facilitated, and a diseased region can be observed clearly.


Abstract The objective was to identify life and vulnerability factors explaining the mortality of elderly people in the Brazilian Northeast for prostate cancer through the modeling of structural equations (SEM) to 2010. Micro-data information was used to the 188 microregions. The quality of death data and the evolution of corrected mortality rates from 2010 to 2015 were performed. The SEM proved to be highly sensitive with significance in the measurement model for some relevant latent variables. It is expected that the levels should increase in the near future.


The transitive simultaneous conjugacy problem asks whether there exists a permutation $\tau \in S_n$ such that $b_j = \tau^{-1} a_j \tau$ holds for all $j = 1,2, \ldots, d$, where $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_d$ and $b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_d$ are given sequences of $d$ permutations in $S_n$, each of which generates a transitive subgroup of $S_n$. As from mid 70' it has been known that the problem can be solved in $O(dn^2)$ time. An algorithm with running time $O(dn \log(dn))$, proposed in late 80', does not work correctly on all input data. In this paper we solve the transitive simultaneous conjugacy problem in $O(n^2 \log d / \log n + dn\log n)$ time and $O(n^{3/ 2} + dn)$ space. Experimental evaluation on random instances shows that the expected running time of our algorithm is considerably better, perhaps even nearly linear in $n$ at given $d$.


The present experiment was aimed to examine the effect of furosemide (loop diuretic) on ingestive behavior & some hematological parameters. The adult Wistar rats (n=6/ group) were divided into control group (n =6; Group I) and experimental group (n =6; Group II). The experimental group received furosemide intraperitonially (40mg/kg BW) for a duration of 30 days. The control group of rats was injected with distilled water of same volume intraperitonially. Body weight, food and water intake was measured each day. At the end of the experimental procedure; blood samples were collected to measure the hematological parameters such as total leukocyte count (TLC), blood cell (RBC) count , Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. The results were analyzed statistically by using student't test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Our present results showed that, administration of furosemide showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the ingestive behavior and body weight. Further, the RBC count, PCV, Hb concentration also showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) whereas the TLC showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The present data suggests that furosemide intake alters the ingestive behavior, body weight and causes the variations in observed hematological parameters.


Multi-functionalized rugate porous silicon (PSi) for biosensor was developed by hydrosilylation with silole and its further reaction with biotin groups. PSi was generated by an electrochemical etching of silicon wafer in aqueous ethanolic HF solution PSi prepared by using etching conditions showed that many sharp spectral lines can be obtained in the optical reflectivity spectrum. 1,1-hydrovinyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole was obtained from the reaction of 1,1-dilithio-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene with dichlorovinylsilane. Multi-functionalized PSi with silole and biotin groups was characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Ocean optics 2000 spectrometer, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Optical characteristics such as reflectivity and photoluminescence (PL) were observed. An increase of the reflection wavelength in the reflectivity spectrum by 20 nm was observed, indicative of a change in refractive indices induced by hydrosilylation of the silole and biotin groups to the rugate PSi. This red-shift was attributed to the replacement of some of the Si-H group of fresh rugate PSi with silole and biotin group.


Recognizing the need for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in chiropractic, The Canadian Chiropractic Association (The CCA) and the Canadian Federation of Chiropractic Regulatory Boards (CFCRB) launched The CCA/CFCRB-CPG to develop and deploy CPGs for chiropractic. The profession of chiropractic accounts for physical and other influences on a person's health. It can be integrated alongside the interventions of other disciplines into a care plan. Appendix 1 lists the practice principles that should be considered in interpreting a CPG for chiropractic, and the principles that should be respected in developing and deploying the CPG. Sections 1 to 5 of this report describe The CCA/ CFCRB-CPG and its origins. Section 6 maps the plan for the development, dissemination, implementation, evaluation, and revision of each CPG. Section 7 elaborates on the details of this plan, and illustrates the research evidence supporting the plan.


This study tries to analyze the contribution of BAZNAS through Zakat, Infaq, Alms, and Waqf (ZISWAF) funds to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in the fields of economy, education, social humanity, health, and da'wah in Indonesia and to know which aspect has a bigger role than the five aspects studied. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach (mixed method). The data collection technique was carried out through in-depth interviews with experts consisting of academics, practitioners, scholars, and regulators. The data analysis technique uses Analytical Network Process (ANP) with Super Decision 2.10 software. The results of this study are that of the five aspects studied, 1) social & humanitarian criteria have the highest weight and become a priority for BAZNAS's contribution to mitigating the risk of the impact of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Another order of priority: 2) health; 3) da'wah; 4) education; 5) economy which is the last priority for BAZNAS's contribution. The potential implication of this research is to provide alternative strategies for BAZNAS in making some decisions.


Abstract We surveyed birds during breeding, migratory, and wintering seasons in forest patches of two fragmented landscapes in the Valley and Ridge Province of south-central Pennsylvania during 1994–1996. Our objective was to examine presence of species in relation to forest-patch size (<2, 6–20, 40–150, and >1,500 ha) and extent of regional fragmentation. Several species, particularly long-distance migrants (e.g., Eastern Wood-pewee [Contopus virens], Red-eyed Vireo [Vireo olivaceus], Wood Thrush [Hylocichla mustelina], Worm-eating Warbler [Helmitheros vermivorum], and Scarlet Tanager [Piranga olivacea]), were more likely to occur in larger forest patches than in smaller patches during the breeding and spring-migratory seasons. Short-distance migrants (e.g., American Robin [Turdus migratorius], Gray Catbird [Dumetella carolinensis], and Eastern Towhee [Pipilo erythrophthalmus]), responded to fragmentation at a regional scale and were more commonly encountered in the more fragmented landscape, particularly during migratory periods. Species observed during fall migration were not influenced by patch size. The Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) responded positively to patch size in all seasons, whereas the Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) was influenced negatively by patch size in three of four seasons. More research should be conducted at sites during winter and migration to corroborate these results and to examine the role patch size may have in long-term survivorship of migratory birds.


The present work aims to investigate the 21 October 1999 magnetic storm and its global ionosphere-magnetosphere response. The study uses a combination of ionosonde and magnetometers data; in addition, the data from satellite in-situ measurements, such as the Defense Metrological Satellite Program (DMSP), TOPographic EXplorer (TOPEX) and WIND. A new analytical method has been used to analyze the ¦oF2 ionospheric data from eleven ionosonde stations. According to that analytical method, the ¦oF2 data has been normalized to a central location, and local time correction (LTC) values have been calculated for each station. The integrated LTC data from all stations from both eastern and western hemispheres showed a global response to the magnetic storm, which is st synchronized with the storm main phase manifested by the sudden decrease in D . During the main st phase of the storm, the D index showed a large fall with a minimum value of –240 nT. The interplanetary Bz reversed polarity in a 19 nT southward excursion that led to detection of a prompt penetration electric field. The auroral electrojet index AE was used as indicator of high latitude convection effects on the ionospheric electric fields through prompt penetration. The global relative deviation D¦oF2 showed a damping of about -55% during the main negative phase of that ionospheric storm; moreover, the positive phase occurred before the negative one, in harmony with the results of previous studies. We observed a similarity in the behavior of both D¦oF2 and the vertical E ́ B drift during the storm. On the other hand, the DMSP results showed a disturbance in the plasma drift velocity, while TOPEX showed asymmetrical equatorial anomaly of the global TEC.


The invention is applied to the technical field of mobile terminals, and provides a processing method and a device of a mobile terminal missed call. The method includes that: starting a missed call processing function; reminding a calling party to leave a message when an inbound call is received and an instruction for answering the inbound call is not received; and receiving and storing the message left by the calling party. According to the processing method and the device of the mobile terminal missed call, a user can conveniently listen to the massage of a missed call at convenient time, and therefore the fact that important things are delayed because the user misses a call is effectively avoided.


Disclosed is a side members 9 and 10, the floor section cross member 4, a vehicle body structure having a support member composite structure formed from the side vertical support members 5 Prefecture, left first side and the member 9 and the floor portion end and the left first side vertical support member 5 of the cross member 4 are connected by the left connecting portion 11, the other end a second lateral vertical second side member 10 and the floor section cross member 4 a support member 6 is connected with the right connection part, the corner reinforcing portions at the connection portions, to a vehicle body structure is attached to the transverse plane of the floor portion cross member 4 and the side vertical support members 5,6. A side members 9 and 10 are made of aluminum casting, the corner reinforcing portion are integrated as a box-shaped corner reinforcing member 13 at the connecting portions 11 of the side members made of aluminum casting, which lateral vertical are connected by supporting members 5, 6 and the top are connected by a floor section cross member 4 and the side. .The


More than 40 years ago, Walter Mischel, PhD, a psychologist now at Columbia University, explored self-control in children with a simple but effective test. His experiments using the " marshmallow test, " as it came to be known, laid the groundwork for the modern study of self-control. Mischel and his colleagues presented a preschooler with a plate of treats such as marshmallows. The child was then told that the researcher had to leave the room for a few minutes, but not before giving the child a simple choice: If the child waited until the researcher returned, she could have two marshmallows. If the child simply couldn't wait, she could ring a bell and the researcher would come back immediately, but she would only be allowed one marshmallow. In children, as well as adults, willpower can be thought of as a basic ability to delay gratification. Preschoolers with good self-control sacrifice the immediate pleasure of a chewy marshmallow in order to indulge in two marshmallows at some later point. Ex-smokers forfeit the enjoyment of a cigarette in order to experience good health and avoid an increased risk of lung cancer in the future. Shoppers resist splurging at the mall so they can save for a comfortable retirement. And so on. The marshmallow experiments eventually led Mischel and his colleagues to develop a framework to explain the human ability to delay gratification. He proposed what he calls a " hot-and-cool " system to explain why willpower succeeds or fails. The cool system is cognitive in nature. It's essentially a thinking system, incorporating knowledge about sensations, feelings, actions and goals — reminding yourself, for instance, why you shouldn't eat the marshmallow. While the cool system is reflective, the hot system is impulsive and emotional. The hot system is responsible for quick, reflexive responses to certain triggers — such as popping the marshmallow into your mouth without considering the long-term implications. If this framework were a cartoon, the cool system would be the angel on your shoulder and the hot system, the devil. When willpower fails, exposure to a " hot " stimulus essentially overrides the cool system, leading to impulsive actions. Some people, it seems, may be more or When willpower fails, exposure to a " hot " stimulus essentially overrides the cool system, leading to impulsive actions.


To determine whether multivariate pattern regression analysis based on gray matter (GM) images constrained to the sensorimotor network could accurately predict trigeminal heat pain sensitivity in healthy individuals.


They didn't have preregistration house officers in my day. You passed your finals, got yourself registered, and looked for a job. Straight in at the deep end. Which was how I came to be sitting in the medical residents' lounge of a north London hospital late in February 1940. It was Sunday night, and I was due to start work next morning as junior house surgeon to the outpatients and casualty departments. We had just finished dinner when Casualty rang up for a doctor. My predecessor was packing, and the other two, more senior residents were about to go out, so I offered to go down.

I was met by the night sister and a police sergeant with his attendant constable. …


Aim: To explore the characteristics of normal hair distribution in Han Chinese. Methods: A total of 146 healthy Han Chinese and 41 patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) were selected as research subjects. Digital photographs of the vertex, temporal, and occipital regions were taken after their hair was trimmed. An image analysis software was used to compute the number of follicular units (FUs) and hairs. Results: The mean FU density of the 146 healthy Han Chinese was 74.36 ± 13.33 units/cm2 and their mean hair density was 143.33 ± 28.08 hairs/cm2. There was no significant difference between males and females (P > 0.05). The mean FU density in the occipital region of AGA patients was 77.78 ± 2.99 units/cm2 and their mean hair count was 148.12 ± 6.98 hairs/cm2. Both were lower than those of healthy Han Chinese, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Two-hair FUs (52.62%) were the predominant type found in Han Chinese. Conclusion: The FU and hair densities of healthy Han Chinese are lower than those of whites and Africans. The study provides hair transplantation surgeons with information on hair distribution in Han Chinese. It also provides a quantitative basis for the area of donor site and transplantation density necessary for hair transplantation surgeries. The research findings provide some theoretical data for the hair distribution characteristics of Han Chinese. These data can contribute to the preoperative assessment, surgery planning, and postoperative outcome evaluation by hair transplantation surgeons. ABSTRACT


Two prototype Langmuir probes (based on a JET design) have been installed near the outer strike point on the divertor floor in the DIII‐D tokamak. Results from these graphite probes were used to design a full array of Langmuir probes for the DIII‐D divertor and an additional set of probes for the bias ring of the Advanced Divertor program. The design allows for the projected area of the probes to be relatively insensitive to the magnetic field angle in the divertor region, while projecting the intercepted heat flux over a much larger area. The prototype probes have survived the full separatrix plasma flux during both L‐ and H‐mode operation. I/V characteristics during high power neutral beam operation exhibit electron temperatures approaching 50 eV and large negative floating potentials near the outer separatrix strike point. Edge localized modes cause an increase in the ion flux as large as a factor of 10 above the H‐mode level. As a result, a new set of faster, higher voltage electronics will be used fo...


There were examined some experiments in the meanings in the area of postcholecystectomy syndrome. There were decided that some part of them is faced with mistakes of operating or iatrogenic injuries, others - with not full examination of patients or mistaken meaning of information. The main of diagnostics of biliary pathology after cholecystectomy is hepatic sonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), dynamic radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging. In the process during the examinations of papillary stenosis or choledocholithiasis were made endoscopic intervention. Biliary-enteric anastomosis was made to the patients with long papillary stenosis. The conservative cure was made by diagnostics of dynamic radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging of dysfunction Oddi's sphincter.


In the introduction to this volume the editors explored the difficulties associated with establishing what actually constitutes a 'disaster'. It was argued that this conceptual problem can be overcome by classifying disasters in qualitative rather than quantitative terms. This makes it less problematic to define single events involving relatively small numbers of deaths, such as those described throughout this volume, as disasters. However, in Africa or at least sub-Saharan Africa, difficulties in defining loss of life in football-related settings as 'disasters' remain. The term disaster, when used in the African context, is usually synonymous with tragedies that have brought about a loss of life and suffering on an almost unimaginable scale. These include the famine in Ethiopia in 1984–85 which resulted in almost one million deaths, the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 which claimed around 800,000 lives in just over 100 days and the AIDS pandemic currently sweeping the continent which left an estimated 2.4 million dead in 2003 alone. In purely quantitative terms it may appear absurd and perhaps even obscene to apply the same descriptor to incidents in football-related contexts in Africa involving losses of life that 'only' reach double figures. Furthermore, in a continent where life expectancy is relatively short and the value of human life, at least outside the immediate family circle or local community, appears to be so cheap, the levels of mourning, media coverage and analysis that such events generate seems incongruous. This raises questions about the validity or legitimacy of the process whereby events in or around football matches in Africa that result in multiple deaths and injury are regarded, described and constructed as disasters in the popular imagination in the locales where they occur and far beyond. My argument here is that it is appropriate and accurate to describe such tragedies as disasters in the African sense of the word because they are on the same causal continuum or are at least linked to the same economic, social and political processes that have contributed to other, quantitatively larger African 'disasters'.


The utility model relates to a rotational moulding inspection well. The inspection well comprises a cylindric shell molded once by rotational moulding. The shell is equal in wall thickness. The upper opening part of the shell is provided with a fixed safety net and an open type inner cover of the well. Convex straight ribs and convex horizontal ribs perpendicular to the straight ribs are uniformly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the shell along the axial direction. Trapezoidal concave grooves arranged into a matrix are arranged between adjacent straight ribs and horizontal ribs. The shell can be made into an L shape, or a Y shape, or a reverse T shape, or a + shape. The inspection well realizes standard production and civilized construction. The utility model has the advantages of high construction efficiency, good leakproof properties, long service life and high safety.


Syntheses and Ca2+ release potentials of four dimeric analogs of adenophostin A (AdA) through activation of type 1 IP3R are reported. These analogs are full agonists of IP3R and are equipotent to AdA, the most potent agonist of IP3R.


Black men experience fatal and non-fatal violent victimization at a rate higher than any other dyadic group of race and gender in the U.S. (Harrell, 2009; CDC 2019; Rich 2009). However, there is not enough research focused on investigating how these men make sense of their victimization experiences and manage the consequences of exposure to violence. Therefore, using 55 interviews of young Black men, who came of age in New York City area, and self-reported recent serious violent victimization experiences, the present study details the results of an intersectional and relational approach to examining the suggestions of Cultural Sociology, to uncover how the young Black men make meaning of the relations embedded within their social network, including their relations and transactions with institutional systems and gatekeepers. I argue that "interactions" are actually relational transactions with implications for identity construction and maintenance. First, I explore how the men make sense of the requirements around safety in the spaces they conceptualization as their neighborhood—spaces that are viewed as disproportionately violent and economically distressed. Second, I analyze the narratives provided by the young Black men detailing perceptions of—and accounts in encounters with—institutional gatekeepers; as first responders—particularly the police—and (physical and mental) healthcare professionals. Finally, producing the results of narrative analyses in the form of narratives/storytelling, I explore the life-story and event-story narratives of a few of the men's accounts of the recent encounters with healthcare providers. The goal is to highlight the importance of relational, responsive, and respectful approaches to providing services to individuals/groups who historically mistrust institutional systems and providers—to provide equitable access to institutional resources. Findings revealed that the young Black men held perceptions of personal responsibility to negotiate the spaces they must frequent for shelter and social activities, due to views that institutional systems engage in distorted responsiveness in relation to similarly situated young men. These processes are further complicated by hegemonic masculinity requirements outlining how potentially violent incidents must


Multispectral color analysis was used for spectral scanning of Ishihara and Rabkin color deficiency test book images. It was done using tunable liquid-crystal LC filters built in the Nuance II analyzer. Multispectral analysis keeps both, information on spatial content of tests and on spectral content. Images were taken in the range of 420-720nm with a 10nm step. We calculated retina neural activity charts taking into account cone sensitivity functions, and processed charts in order to find the visibility of latent symbols in color deficiency plates using cross-correlation technique. In such way the quantitative measure is found for each of diagnostics plate for three different color deficiency carrier types - protanopes, deutanopes and tritanopes. Multispectral color analysis allows to determine the CIE xyz color coordinates of pseudoisochromatic plate design elements and to perform statistical analysis of these data to compare the color quality of available color deficiency test books.


Wesley and Methodist Studies. Edited by William Gibson and Geordan Hammond. Vol. 2 (Manchester, England: Didsbury Press, 2010, Pp. 138. $12.00, paper.)The first two essays in this compilation reflect the recent resurgence of interest in the life and works of Charles Wesley. In '"Emissaries of Babylon' or 'Brothers in Christ'? Charles Wesley and Anti-Catholicism," Peter Nockles deals with a neglected aspect of Charles Wesley's thought. Using fragmentary evidence, Nockles shows that Wesley's attitude toward Roman Catholics varied considerably over time. In the end, he sees in Charles Wesley "an essential ambivalence and ambiguity in attitudes towards Roman Catholicism" with perhaps "a certain mellowing of attitude towards Catholicism in his later years" (20). Joseph W. Cunningham discusses another little-explored topic in "The Methodist Doctrine of Christian Perfection: Charles Wesley's Contribution Contextualized." Cunningham is primarily interested in showing how "Charles Wesley convey [ed] his understanding of sanctification through hymns" (30). It appears that Wesley developed a rather extreme view of sanctification (or perfection). For him, it was "the full redemption of the soul in the present life from which true participants did not fall" (33).Some interesting historiographical issues are taken up by Tim Woolley in "A Community of Selective Memory? Hugh Bourne, William Clowes, and Primitive Methodist Historiography." Woolley deals with contradictory views of the relationship between Bourne and Clowes during the formative years of Primitive Methodism (c. 1807-10). Most accounts suggest that the two men were close friends at that time and of one mind on the subject of camp meetings. Woolley shows that Bourne challenged this view in three autobiographical accounts written late in life (184451). In these manuscripts, Bourne claims that he had frequent disagreements with Clowes in the early years of the movement and that Clowes had doubts about the value of camp meetings.Nicola Morris examines the growth in Irish Methodism between the Great Famine and World War I in "Predicting a 'Bright and Prosperous Future': Irish Methodist Membership (1855-1914)." Data on Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and the major Protestant groups demonstrate that only the Methodists experienced significant growth during that period. There is one weakness that should be noted: the five graphs that trace the "Affiliation Index" of the major religious groups should have been labelled more clearly in order to indicate that they are measuring rates of change over time. …


Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dimephosphone dimethyl ether of 1,1 -dimethyl-3-oxobutylphosphonic acid (monophosphonate) on mineral metabolism and to compare it to the effects of classical bisphosphonate - etidronic acid (Xydifonum as a medicinal preparation produced in Russia). Dimephosphone was synthesised according to Wiesel (Wiesel A.O. et all, 1998). The rat model of high dose prednisolone-induced mineral disturbance (50 mg/kg orally for 14 days) was used. Prednisolone increased urine calcium and phosphate level. The urine excretion of oxyproline - a marker of bone resorbtion was also significantly increased by prednisolone treatment. Prednisolon increased bone calcium level (atom-absorbtion spectrophotometry) and produced hyperplasia of adrenal glands. Dimephosphone effectively reduced urine phosphate and oxyproline excretion while xydiphonum had no effect on oxyproline excretion. Dimephosphone increased hrther bone and blood calcium level, while xydiphonum reduced it. ...


International comparisons of societal development are traditionally based, at least partially, on per capita GDP. This paper develops an alternative approach to evaluating human progress using criteria outside the traditional income-based metrics. We evaluate national achievement using Thomas Jefferson's inalienable rights – Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – as the development indicator. The results suggest that the northwestern European countries and their offshoots are most successful. Former Spanish territories, including the Philippines and those in Latin America, also perform well according to this metric. Eastern European and economically prosperous East Asian nations perform poorly.


A university is a place for passing on universal knowledge,the main function of university is teaching and university is designed to pass on knowledge,which are the main thought of the book "the Idea of a University" by Newman.This paper expounds Newman's university teaching thought and reflects the teaching in modern universities.


Quantitative tools for classifying vocal repertoires have been constantly evolving with developments in machine learning and speech recognition research as well as increasing computing power. There are two main methodological considerations in classifying vocalizations: (i) choosing the classification technique and (ii) choosing the features for classification. Current state-of-the-art classification techniques are artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and ensemble methods like random forests (RFs). Current state-of-the-art features from speech recognition research include mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Bioacoustics researchers have applied these tools to problems including individual-, species-, and call-type identification, and vocal repertoire classification. However, researchers studying non-human primate vocalizations have only recently started adopting these approaches and none have applied them to study chimpanzee vocalizations. Here, we analyze vocalizations recorded in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. First, we use supervised classification techniques (ANNs, SVMs, and RFs) that involve training the models based on predefined call-types to evaluate the classification accuracy. Second, we use unsupervised techniques (that do not require prior knowledge of call-types), namely, K-means clustering, and self-organizing neural networks to identify discrete call types. We discuss the results from both supervised and unsupervised techniques and their strengths over traditional methods.Quantitative tools for classifying vocal repertoires have been constantly evolving with developments in machine learning and speech recognition research as well as increasing computing power. There are two main methodological considerations in classifying vocalizations: (i) choosing the classification technique and (ii) choosing the features for classification. Current state-of-the-art classification techniques are artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and ensemble methods like random forests (RFs). Current state-of-the-art features from speech recognition research include mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Bioacoustics researchers have applied these tools to problems including individual-, species-, and call-type identification, and vocal repertoire classification. However, researchers studying non-human primate vocalizations have only recently started adopting these approaches and none have applied them to study chimpanzee vocalizations. Here, we analyze vocalizati...


Thrombosis secondary to Glenn anastomosis in Ebstein's anomaly has been reported very rarely, treatment depends on presenting symptoms and risk factors. In this article we presented the case of 63-year-old woman with Ebstein's anomaly (implantation of biological tricuspid valve ,Glenn procedure, closure of patent foramen ovale and implantation of DDD type pacemaker with epicardial electrodes) who complained on neck discomfort while tilting head forward .Eventually in whom thrombosis within Glenn anastomosis was diagnosed by angio-CT scan. JRCD 2015; 2 (3): 89–91


These proceedings are an update of the analysis presented at the TOP2012 [1]. A first topquark mass (mt) measurement is presented in all-jets final states with the CMS detector [2]. This final state yields the largest signal, however, it is dominated by multijet background. The detailed descriptions of this analysis can be found in Ref. [3]. The event selection is very similar to the one from the CMS tt̄ cross section measurement in the same final state [4]. The analysis employs a kinematic fit of the tt̄ final state and likelihood functions for each event ("ideograms") that depend on mt and jet energy scale (JES).


Single agricultural tax is a special tax regimen, which can ease the tax burden for agricultural goods producers. This regimen is legally fixed and applied depending on the choice of tax payers considering maintenance of some definite conditions. At present this tax regimen is being under improvement. Thus different methods of tax base estimation on single agricultural tax are offered. The methods of applying of seven accounting registers has a number of advantages, the main of which is possibility to form the tax base and fulfil the registers on the bookkeeping data base, it is also possible to automate the accountant process by means of software.


This edition of the Equine Review looks at the use of basal adrenocorticotropic hormone testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, rifampicin in the treatment of Rhodoccocus equi and a new approach to managing persistent strangles carriers.


Theoretical models predict that a population of Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) of mass M 10 4 5 M might form at high (z > 10) redshift by different processes. Such objects would represent the seeds out of which z > 6 Super-Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) grow. We numerically investigate the radiation-hydrodynamic evolution governing the growth of such seeds via accretion of primordial gas within their parent dark matter halo of virial temperature Tvir 10 4 K. We find that the accretion onto a Direct Collapse Black Hole (DCBH) of initial mass M0 = 10 5 M occurs at an average rate _


Chinese Core Frame Semantic Analysis SHI Jiao,LI Ru,WANG Zhiqiang (1.School of Computer & Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; 2. Key laboratory of Computation Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China) Abstract:Based on the theory of frame semantics, Chinese core frame semantic analysis is to extract the core frame semantic representation to analyze the semantic content of the sentence. We solve this problem using a three-stage learning model. Taking the tasks' different characteristics into consideration, we choose Maximum Entropy model to take core target in the sentential contexts and predict frame for the core target, choose Conditional Random Field model to label the frame elements defined in Chinese FrameNet. Experimental results on the 10831 exemplified sentences show that the F score of core target identification and frame element identification reached 99.51% and 59.01% respectively, the frame identification with 84.73% accuracy.


The records of two large stock and station agents, Loan & Mercantile Agency in Dunedin and Wright Stephenson in Invercargill, allowed us to track the timing, nature, magnitude and rate of landscape change in southern New Zealand between 1896 and 1920. This period extends from the final years of subdivision of large estates, and includes closer settlement, the shift from pastoral farming to intensive agriculture, growth of dairying, and increasing mechanisation of agriculture. These changes are reflected in clients' annual expenditures on capital items such as fencing and building materials, tools and implements, materials for drains.


We report Raman spectroscopic results of four density-separated fractions of a floating fraction (material similar to HF-HCl residues enriched in heavy noble gases) of the Allende meteorite. The Raman analyses were performed at two laser powers of 0.5 mW and 2-6 mW with the excitation wavelength of 532 nm. The typical Raman spectra of carbon were observed for all the samples, but these carbonaceous materials were very sensitive to the laser power at the analysis. The Raman parameters except for the intensity ratio of D band and G band are similar in all the fractions at the low laser power, but they changed at the high laser power in a different manner, probably due to the different degree of laser-induced heating. Our findings are that phase Q (the carrier of noble gas of the normal isotopic composition in meteorites) is enriched in the graphitic carbon having larger domain size compared to the major carbon in Allende and that this carbon is most affected by the laser heating.


Abstract This article focuses on the architectural characteristics of a household compound in Cardonal, an early agricultural village located in the southern Cajón Valley (Catamarca, north-western Argentina) dated to the first centuries ad. When architecture, as landscape, is understood as the result of the daily tasks of living, the research carried out in Cardonal gives substance to the ways in which the materiality of everyday life forged the building of this prehistoric village. Cardonal is an example of how houses and architecture are not static but fluidly changing with the contingencies of life.


Smart Ordering System at the restaurant by using Bluetooth system and controller (PIC) which
implements a faster system of ordering. It consists keypad at the customer's table as a remote control electronic ordering m and monitor to display the ordering information at the kitchen or
counter. ws customers to submit orders directly to the kitchen and cashier by using stribution of
data by Bluetooth system. The ordering information that uses ic code on the keypad will be
successfully transmitted to the receiver base
n of the personal computer (PC) in the kitchen and cashier. The list of the s that matches with the
received code will be displayed on the monitor. The ation of this system provides customer easy to
make orders. This can save me and reduce workforce (waiter). Besides that, the restaurants or
hotels e good in management and user friendly.


The primary purpose of this anthropometric study was to determine whether conventional anthropometric databases of the US general population are applicable to the population of US electric utility field workers. Based on anecdotal observations, electric utility field workers seemed to be taller and larger than the general population. Fourteen anthropometric measurements were recorded from 187 male field workers from three US electric power utilities. The anthropometric data from field workers were compared to seven well-known conventional anthropometric databases for North American males, including Central American. In general, the male field workers were taller and heavier than the people in the reference databases for U.S. males. The field workers were up to 2.3 cm taller and 10 to 18 kg heavier on average than the reference databases. When designing for electric utility field workers, designers and ergonomists should consider the population of intended users and the data from this study.


AIMS
To clarify the prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of sialyl Tn antigen (STN) for survival of gastric cancer patients.

METHODS
Pre-operative serum levels of STN, sialyl Lewis(a)antigen (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were examined in 180 patients who underwent resection of gastric cancer. Patients were divided into high and low antigen groups on the basis of a selected diagnostic-based cut-off value. Correlation between high antigen serum levels, established clinicopathologic factors and prognosis was examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients (15.6%) were classified as high STN; 37 (20.6%) as high CA19-9; and 33 (18.3%) as high CEA. The survival time of the high STN, CA19-9 or CEA group was shorter than that of the respective low-antigen group (P<0.0001, P=0.0008 or P=0.0002, respectively). Patients with stage III/IV tumours with high STN had a shorter survival time that those with low STN (P=0.0004). Cox's regression with multiple covariates showed that high serum STN is an independent factor predicting a worse outcome in gastric cancer patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high serum STN is an independent predictor for the development of liver metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS
Pre-operative high serum levels of STN predict both liver metastasis and poor prognosis after resection for gastric cancer.


cancer, can be used as a prophylactic of the disease. Side effects of the drug are rare, but they cannot be completely excluded. Breast cancer, which is currently the most common tumour in the globe, is a serious worldwide public health quandary. Tamoxifen is considered to be a pioneering drug as it is used in combined breast cancer therapy and also in chemoprophylaxis ,but every case of using the medicine should be considered individually to assess benefit-risk ratio.


Recently, as a method of green-development and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, increased interest has been focused on a railway. Furthermore, an intensive study has been processed on capabilities of maintenance activities, economic efficiency of maintenance on rail structure and a design of railway structure as well as the development of materials. The purpose of this paper is to develop a deteriorated model of PC Beam Bridge due to timely changes and maintenance activities. Typically, there is definite difference between maintained bridges and non-maintained bridges. As a result of proper maintenance activity, a life time of a structure can be enhanced. In this study, we will research and analyze structures with ongoing maintenance. We will also process same procedures on structures without maintenance. Therefore, we can establish the significant role in a conditional change of a structure. Based on a study, we accomplish the development of a condition-deteriorated model. To develop deteriorated model of PC Beam Bridge, We apply Marcov Theory and develop a transition probability to show the life time of bridge. This study will provide a great benefit to decision making for maintenance activities on the railway bridges for future.


We analyse the extent and evolution of income inequality in Serbia and examine factors that may have contributed to the high and rising inequality. Specifically, using data from the 2013 Survey of Income and Living Conditions, we focus on two issues: the effect of the quantity and quality of household members' employment on the earnings of low-wage workers, and the role of taxes and social transfers in redistributing income from the betteroff to the poor. The results suggest that income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, has significantly increased in Serbia over the period of economic crisis, reaching 38.7 in 2013. The examined causes of such a high inequality are the high rate of low work intensity of household members and the high proportion of people working in non-standard forms of employment (i.e., part-time, temporary, and self-employment arrangements), mostly in the informal sector. In addition, the low coverage of social transfers, particularly monetary social assistance and child benefits, and the very low level of progressivity of the Serbian personal tax system explain the relatively modest – by international standards – redistributive role of direct taxes and social transfers.


This paper deals with the feeding intensity,feeding rate and feeding dynamics of fat greenling larval under different illuminations. The feeding intensity was greatly influnced by light intensity. Under the light intensity between 100 and 10 Lx, the feeding intensity was relatively high. Under the strong light of 10 000 Lx, the feeding intensity is low. Then it began to increase with the weakening of illumination and reaches maximum under 100 Lx. Then it decreased with the continued weake-ning of light intensity and reached the minimum under 0.1 Lx. Under the conditions of this experiment, 100 Lx is the optimum illumination for feeding.


The article analyses the stages of India's renewable energy (RE) policy cycle. It provides an answer to the question of whether or not India's RE policy framework is comprehensive and successful or not. In answering this question, it employs qualitative methods, and relies on primary and secondary sources. The study establishes that India's RE policy exhibits effectiveness, functionality, and equity, but lacks efficiency and sufficient political support. It concludes that the components of India's RE policy phases, though near complete and successful, are blurred with no clear distinctions, and cut across several decades.


This paper illustrates the study on asymmetry of the angular distribution of the ejected electrons in a multiphoton process from the ground state of a hydrogen atom. General expressions for the multiphoton ionization rates have been derived based on a variation of the Dalgarno–Lewis method for the evaluation of matrix elements in higher order perturbation theory. In addition, these analytical expressions for the various multiphoton transition rates and their variation as a function of polarization, phase, frequency and intensity of the incident radiation have been studied extensively. The general expression obtained can be used to analyse any number of incident beams with arbitrary polarization, phase and intensity.


In this paper, membrane absorption method was introduced. Analyzed and studied flue gases passing in the shell side (hollow fiber membrane) and in the pipe side (membrane lumen) respectively. Total mass transfer coefficient and de CO2 efficiency were calculated. For flue gases passing in the pipe side, total mass transfer coefficient was 1.1191×10-4m/s and de CO2 efficiency was 73.8%; while for flue gases passing in the shell side, total mass transfer coefficient was 3.4701×10-4m/s and de CO2 efficiency was 98.0%. The results showed that the flow of flue gas flowing in the lumen is better than the flow of flue gas flowing out of the hollow fiber membrane from the point of views of removal rate and mass transfer. To build de CO2 experimental devices, flow of flue gas flowing in the pipe side was proposed.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of lamivudine and entecavir in preventing and treating HBV reactivation in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) during chemotherapy stage.Methods Clinical data of 84 NHL patients with HBV infection(from July 2006 to July 2010) were analyzed retrospectively.Each patient take lamivudine(100 mg/d) or entecavir(0.5 mg/d).The rate of virological breakthrough,rate of primary non-respons,rate of chemical-therapy related hepatitis flare were compared in each group.Results In base line HBV DNA 103 copies/mL group,lamivudine and entecavir showed no significant difference,with both virological breakthrough rate and hepatitis flare rate(P 0.05).In base line HBV DNA 103 copies/mL group,the virological breakthrough rate was 34.2%,primary non-respons rate was 10.5%,the hepatitis flare rate was 26.3%,and the liver falure rate was 2.6% in patients treated with lamivudine;and the datas in entecavir-treated group were 4.2%,0%,0%,0%,respectively.Both virological breakthrough rate and hepatitis flare rate between two groups showed significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusions The efficacy of lamivudine and entecavir in preventing and treating HBV reactivation in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are similar in patients whose base line were HBV DNA 103 copies/mL.In patients whose base line were HBV DNA 103 copies/mL,Entecavir can more effectivly prevent HBV reactivation than lamivudine.


The present invention has a carbon number contains at least two hydrocarbon differ by more than 1 to one another, wherein the two different hydrocarbons, based on the total weight of hydrocarbons, at least 60 wt%, preferably at least 70 weight % related to the hydrocarbon mixture forming the. The present invention also relates to cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical containing said use of a hydrocarbon mixture and said hydrocarbon mixture.


A four‐month‐old boy with pseudo‐seizures was extensively investigated for fits and gastro‐oesophageal reflux and subsequently treated for presumed epilepsy. It was finally established that his mother was inducing the "seizures" by asphyxiation and subsequent interviews established that information concerning the parents had been falsified.


This study is a descriptive qualitative research that aims to know the winning strategy of the Golkar Party in the 2020 Seram Bagian Timur Regency Election. The study results showed that the realization of the Party's programs offered to the community is more inclined to the people's economy, such as in infrastructure, education, and health. The placement of figures was very influential in winning the 2020 Pilkada. The political behavior of the community tends to choose Mukti and Idris because of the candidate's character, vision, and mission on the collective expectations of the community. In the Adat leadership, Pak Mukti supports and develops local wisdom and inaugurates Adat leaders in Seram Bagian Timur Regency. Pak Mukti's leadership always tends to represent the interests of Adat.


Extraesophageal reflux (EER), which includes cough, asthma, and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), is an important and prevalent disease state with a large economic burden of up to fifty billion dollars, largely due to the pharmaceutical costs of empiric treatment (1).


In this paper, a genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the WSN parameters with DEEC Routing technique. Multi-objective optimization produces the best results with a minimum number of iterations when compared to other sampling techniques like regression analysis etc. Our analysis shows energy minimization and throughput enhancement using DEEC routing protocol.


Abstract : Symposium W, "Engineered Porosity for Microphotonics and Plasmonics," held December 2-A at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, combined the areas of optical nanoparticles, microphotonics, photonics crystals and the emerging field of plasmonics. The program started with a review and recent advances in the understandings of porous silicon the famous light-emitting silicon sponge which caused a real hype in the beginning of the YOs New results and first devices in the area of photonic crystals have been presented and caused very stimulating discussions. The understanding of the photonic crystal properties also resulted in new insight in the classical area of ridge waveguides, and new designs were proposed. Finally, the emerging field of plasmonics caused a lot of attraction and will possibly lead in the future to further exciting and well-attended workshops. This volume represents 50% of the presentations and gives a very good overview of the symposium. Financial support by the AFOSR is gratefully acknowledged. The editors would also like to thank all of the invited speakers for their excellent presentations, the participants for their contributions and questions, and the referees for their work.


Encodings based on higher-order abstract syntax represent the variables of an object-language as the variables of a meta-language. Such encodings allow for the reuse of α-conversion, substitution and hypothetical judgments already defined in the meta-language and thus often lead to simple and natural formalization. However, it is also well-known that there are some inherent difficulties with higher-order abstract syntax in supporting recursive definitions.We demonstrate a novel approach to explicitly combining higher-order abstract syntax with first-order abstract syntax that makes use of a (restricted) form of dependent types. With this combination, we can readily define recursive functions over first-order abstract syntax while ensuring the correctness of these functions through higher-order abstract syntax. We present an implementation of substitution and a verified evaluator for pure untyped call-by-value λ-calculus.


The present invention addresses the issue of providing: a polarizing plate having suppressed occurrence of color unevenness or spot defects; and a liquid crystal display device comprising same. This polarizing plate has an optical film (A), a polarizer, and an optical film (B) laminated in order therein. The optical film (A) comprises at least either an acrylic resin or a polyester resin. The optical film (B) is characterized by being a phase difference film comprising a cellulose acylate resin having an acyl group substitution within the range of 2.1-3.0 and a compound having a structure indicated by general formula (1).


Objective:To assess the diagnostic value of MSCT and MSCTA for carotid body tumor.Methods:The MSCT imaging data were retrospectively analyzed in 11 cases with carotid body tumor proved pathologically.Three imaging postprocessing methods,such as multiplanar reformation(MPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP) and volume rendering(VR),were performed for each CT and CTA study,and then the recon images of them were analyzed and compared.Results:There were 12 masses found in 11 cases including one case involved the bilateral carotid artery.The density of the masses was similar to that of muscle on non-contrast CT,with CT value of 29~48HU.CT found small focal liquefactive necrosis in 5 cases.All lesions were markedly enhanced with CT value over 200HU on arterial-phase CT images,and the density of lesions decreased rapidly on delayed-phase images.Three lesions showed homogeneous enhancement,six lesions showed heterogeneous enhancement.All of 12 lesions were located at the level of bifurcation of common carotid artery.The CTA displayed clearly the relationship between the masses and common carotid artery,the internal and external carotid arteries in 8 cases.The bifurcation angle of common carotid artery was enlarged by the mass.Conclusion:MSCT scanning including enhanced CT and CTA may work as the best method instead of DSA for diagnosing carotid body tumor.


In many production processes, defect detection has played an important role in preventing the outflow of defective products. As such, there are still many production lines that rely on an inspector's visual observation. In this study, using fluorescent tubes as an irradiation light source, we propose a simple and effective visual inspection method for detecting convex defect on painted surfaces having an orange peel effect. The proposed method detects and distinguishes painted surface defects in an area illuminated by fluorescent tubes, using the combination of local segmented results and gradient information computed with different differential operations. The inspection device for detecting the defect can be easily installed in the production line without changing the production line, and can be constructed at a low cost without using additional adaptations. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated with the data of real products captured with an inspection device installed on the production line. Experimental results show that this method can provide a better detection in the inspection region with a low false‐detection rate. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Nonlocal effects associated with quantum-mechanical states have been theoretically interesting because they emphasize the differences between classical and quantum mechanics. We describe a system in which a single input photon causes a nonlocal influence on two spatially separated homodyne detectors, as evidenced by a violation of Bell's inequalities. Unlike previous configurations for violating Bell's inequalities, the correlation is not imposed on a pair of particles that spatially separate before being detected. Rather, the correlation arises from the interaction of the local oscillators at each homodyne detector with the spatially extended field of the input photon. The above effect is only one of a class of situations in which nonlocal correlations can be imposed on separated homodyne detectors by quantum mechanical fields. By deriving the conditions for violating Bell's inequality with phase-sensitive detectors, new tests can be developed that relate to squeezed light and other nonclassical fields.


A boy, aged three and a half years, had acute lymphatic leuchremia. On his admission to hospital his liver and spleen were enlarged to 5'0 to 6'5 centimetres below the costal margin, and he had generalized glandular enlargement producing in the face a Mikulicz syndrome of considerable degree. Within twelve days of his starting aminopterin treatment, his liver, spleen and glands had returned completely to normal size, the Mikulicz syndrome had vanished, and the leucocyte count had dropped from 140,000 to 1000 per cubic millimetre; but he died on the fourteenth day. At autopsy there were only scanty signs of leuchremic infiltration, but the bowel was extensively denuded of its mucosa. In conclusion, we would say that in leucheemic children the most careful attention to the relief of pancytopenia by blood transfusions, to the prevention and early treatment of infective complications oy the best available agents, and to a specific attack on the Ieucheemic process by folic acid antagonists will result in a high incidence of remissions and in an average period of survival lasting, at least in lymphatic Ieucheemia, for five to six months. Is such an achievement desirable?


I1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM this study was conducted in an attempt to determine as far as possible the extent of the subjectmatter ject preparation of fulltime ll seminary ti teachers in the areas of book of mormon old testament new testament and church history and doctrine the study attempted to determine subjectmatter ject preparation only insofar as it was indicated by college credits received extent of study in the standard works reported books read and other experiences considered valuable which were reported II 11 METHODS AND procedures A questionnaire was developed which was designed to yield the desired information this questionnaire was administered to a random sample of fulltime ll seminary ti teachers who had taught seminary for five years or less the teachers were grouped according to the number of years they had taught seminary and a proportionate number were selected from each group of the 111 teachers included in the sample 95 or 85.7 percent responded to the questionnaire an attempt was also made to find a standard of comparison that could be used to make a meaningful evaluation of the data gathered in FINDINGS AND conclusions 1 all of the teachers who responded to this study had college degrees nearly 30 percent did not have teaching certificates but it l


Objective Pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) with divergent clinical behavior, differing from the vast majority of PAs, were distinguished. "Fast" PAs are characterized by an unexpectedly short medical history and relatively rapid growth. The reference group consisted of "slow" PAs with very stable biology and long-term progression. We divide the PA group as a whole into three subsets: "fast," "normal," and "slow" tumors. Our goal is a multifactorial analysis of the "fast" and "slow" PA subgroups. Methods Consecutive surgeries in a tertiary referral center, the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland, were carried out between 2002 and 2011. Out of 1,154 parotid tumors, 636 (55.1%) were PAs. The data were collected prospectively in collaboration with the Polish National Registry of Benign Salivary Gland Tumors. The main outcome measure was the recurrence rate in "fast" and "slow" PA subgroups. All surgical qualifications and surgeries were performed by two experienced surgeons. Results Slow PAs, compared to fast PAs, presented in older patients (53.25 ± 15.29 versus 47.92 ± 13.44 years). Multifactor logistic regression analysis with recurrence (yes/no) as the outcome variable, fast/slow as the predictor variable and age, gender, margin, FN status as covariates showed that fast PAs were significantly predicting recurrence vs. slow PAs (p = 0.035). Fast PAs were increasing the risk of PAs 10-fold vs. slow PAs, exp β = 10.20, CI95 [1.66; 197.87]. The variables impacting relapse were recent accelerated growth of the tumor OR = 3.35 (SE = 0.56), p = 0.030, positive margins OR = 7.18 (SE = 0.57), p < 0.001, incomplete or bare capsule OR = 9.91 (SE = 0.53), p = 0.001 and location III OR = 3.12 (SE = 0.53), p = 0.033. In the multivariate model only positive margin was selected as the best predictor of relapse, OR = 5.01 (SE = 0.60), p = 0.007. Conclusions The simple clinical aspect of slow or fast PA progression is of great practical importance and can constitute a surrogate of the final histopathological information that is derived from the surgical specimen. The slow or fast nature of the PA to some extent indicates prognostic features such as recurrence risk. This finding requires correlation with histological and molecular features in further stages of research.


Increased globalization of the economy creates new challenges in the development of social work curricula. The most recent National Association of Social Workers (NASW) code of ethics (NASW, 1996) states that "Social workers should promote the general welfare of society, from local to global levels . . . [including] social, political, and cultural values and institutions that are compatible with the realization of social justice" [italics added]. Similarly, the latest Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) policy and accreditation standards (CSWE, 2002) state that "the profession works to effect social and economic justice worldwide " and that educational programs should "integrate social and economic justice content grounded in an understanding of distributive justice . . . and the global interconnections of oppression " [italics added]. More detailed CSWE standards further elaborate the requirement that Social Work education programs incorporate a global social justice component in their curricula. This paper outlines one emerging approach for teaching social justice issues related to the global economy.


Heart transplantation (HTx) and the implantation of ventricular assist devices (VAD) are effective surgical treatment options for patients with end-stage heart failure. Nonetheless, for various reasons, they are usually among the last treatments to be used among all treatments that are available for heart failure (medications, implantable defibrillation systems, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and alternative surgical methods) (1).


Memetic Algorithms (MAs) have shown to be very effective in solving many hard combinatorial optimization problems. In this perspective, this paper presents a MA for combinational logic circuits synthesis. The proposed MA combines a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for digital circuit design with the gate type local search (GTLS). The combination of a global and a local search is a strategy used by many successful hybrid optimization approaches. The main idea is to apply a local refinement to an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) in order to improve the fitness of the individuals in the population. The obtained results indicate that the MA reduces the number of generations required to reach the solutions and its standard deviation while improves the final fitness function.


Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder of autoimmune origin, with a prevalence rate of about 1 per 20,000. In 1994, the estimate for the total number of patients with MG in the United States was 36.415 (1). Most of these patients have antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AchR) at the neuromuscular junction. These antibodies interfere with neuromuscular transmission, leading to muscular weakness and fatigability that are the typical hallmarks of this disease (2, 3). Myasthenia gravis can be considered as a model of an organ-speci® c autoimmune disease in which the autoantigen, AchR, is well characterized (2, 4, 5). According to one theory, dysregulation of the thymic control of tolerance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease (2, 4). On the other hand, MG might be triggered by an immune response to an infectious agent that resembles the AchR, leading to molecular mimicry (2, 4, 6). Cross-reactivity between bacteria and AchR has been reported (7). MG has been associated with several viral infections such as herpes simplex virus (8) and HIV (9, 10). Chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection has been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases such as lymphocytic sialadenitis, lichen planus, polyarteritis nodosa, autoimmune hepatitis, glomerulonefritis, thyroiditis, mixed cryoglobulinemia, the presence of rheumatoid factor, as well as of non-organ-spe ci® c and organ-speci® c autoantibodies (11, 12). Myasthenia gravis has rarely been reported in patients with chronic HCV who were treated with alfa-interferon (IFN-a ) (13± 15), but not, to our knowledge, in patients with an untreated hepatitis C virus infection. We report on a patient with chronic hepatitis C who developed a fatal MG during the course of his disease. We would suggest adding myasthenia gravis to the list of autoimmune diseases apparently associated with chronic hepatitis C.


This paper analyzes the working principle and dynamic equation of vibratory roller, researches the relationship between the compact degree and rigidity of soil, to test and control the compact degree of base of road real-timely. In the mean time, the one of compact degree, which can be regarded as the useful signal to test and control compact degree real-timely.


An immunogenic composition comprising PNAG staphylococcal is N-acetylated less than 40% wherein the PNAG is conjugated to a carrier protein via a linker bound to an amino group in the PNAG to form a conjugate of PNAG in which PNAG conjugate has the structure ** (See formula) ** wherein R1 is C1-C6 alkyl and R2 is C2-C6 alkyl.


Two iron(hydr)oxides,goethite and akaganeite,were prepared by hydrolysis method.The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ)on these iron(hydr)oxides from solution was investigated.Both goethite and akaganeite have a high efficiency for the removal of chromium.The adsorption process can be described by Langmuir isotherm model.The maximum adsorption capacities of α-FeO(OH) and β-FeO(OH) were 50.25 mg/g and 42.02 mg/g,respectively.For the solution samples with 10 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),the residual Cr after treatment by both α-FeO(OH) and β-FeO(OH) can meet the safety standard for drinking water.The effect of coexistent ions on the adsorption was also studied.The presence at 200 mg/L Cl-,200 mg/L SO2-4 or 100 mg/L F-shows no obvious effect on the adsorption efficiency for Cr(Ⅵ).With the increase of ionic strength,the adsorption efficiency decreases.The presence of 100 mg/L H2PO-4 and HCO-3 makes the removal efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ)decreased by 15%~20% for the same amount of adsorbent α-FeO(OH) or β-FeO(OH).


The servo loop gain in the track-following servo depends on head flying height, length of magnetic fringing field, and magnetic flux density of actuator. The loop gain variation should be suppressed for uniform servo performance over all track locations. In this paper, we present a new approach to the identification and compensation of servo loop gain. The identification algorithm is based on sinusoidal excitation and measuring open loop frequency response. The experimental results show that loop gain variations can be reduced significantly by applying our identification algorithm.


The U-Net is the well-known architecture for semantic segmentation and has achieved remarkable successes in many medical image segmentation applications. However, the features learned by standard convolution layers are not distinctive. To address this problem, we propose a novel architecture, called densely connected deep U-Net(DC U-Net). Specifically, the HU values in CT slices were first windowed in a range to exclude irrelevant organs, and then put it into DC U-Net for training. The DC U-Net consists of three blocks with dense connections, selective deconvlution layers with upsample and transconvlution filling function. To further improve the accuracy of small regin of interest segmentation with limited dataset, we proposed a novel loss function. With respect to the ground truth, average Dice overlap ratios for the liver and spleen are 94.9% and 92.1% respectively. The results demonstrated its potential in clinical usage with high effectiveness, robustness and efficiency.


Although the use of range imaging has been gaining popularity in 3D object recognition, it is still widely accepted that recognition of real world scenes, with possible occlusion, and based on a single view, is a difficult task. In this paper, some of these recognition problems are investigated. In particular, a new model-based matching technique is applied to recognize a scene with many occluded curved objects using a single range image viewed from any direction. The proposed method is capable of recognizing single objects as well as configurations of objects. The segmentation process is based on two newly developed directional curvature operators. The resulting data, expressed in terms of linear segments, cylindrical arcs and spherical arcs, is then transformed into a surface-based representation that is enforced by a boundary representation scheme. Objects in the scene are recognized using a matching strategy based on the generation of relative bases to models (RBM). If a match is found, the model appearance with reference to the RBM will be similar to that of the object in the absolute base. Once all objects have been recognized, the system attempts to match configurations, if there are any. By configuration here we mean, a set of primitive-objects related to each other by spatial relationships. The system has been tested on a large number of real range images and synthetic data. The experimental results have shown that the system can successfully recognize complex scene with an acceptable reliability and accuracy.


The protection and empowerment of farmers aims to realize the sovereignty and independence of farmers in order to increase the level of welfare, quality, and a better life, provide certainty for farming, protect farmers from price fluctuations, high-cost economic practices, and crop failure. Improving the ability and capacity of farmers as well as farmer institutions in carrying out productive, advanced, modern and sustainable farming businesses and developing agricultural financing institutions that serve the interests of farming businesses. In this study the authors analyzed whether the program was running in accordance with Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2015, from an analytical study some of the programs had been running but were not optimal.


It is universally agreed that the foundation of the validity for property,needs to attach to some social mechanism,and the property law becomes the most appropriate item in modern life,after replacing the religion faith of ancient time. The aim of property law should be of simpleness and perspectiveness,in order to face the challenge from the parties' utilizing activity according to the given property rules.


Structural transformations induced by high-energy ball-milling were studied in this work. It was found that amorphous Fe90Zr10 ribbons undergo crystallization into BCC alpha-Fe(Zr) under milling in a high-energy planetary ball-mill. The structural evolution of melt-spun amorphous Fe90Zr10 ribbons under different milling conditions and high-pressure torsion was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. Despite a considerable difference in the local temperatures for high-energy and low-energy ball millings, cryomilling (under liquid nitrogen-cooling), and high-pressure torsion, amorphous Fe90Zr10 crystallizes into a supersaturated alpha-Fe(Zr) solid solution in all cases. Local heating occurring under high-and low-energy millings only plays a minor role and leads to aslight shift of the crystallization products towards equilibrium state. Mechanical deformation was established as the primary cause of crystallization of the amorphous Fe-Zr alloys under ball milling.


This paper explores a misunderstood and frequently ignored topic in the literature dealing with teaching Spanish as an L2: subject position (Vanpatten & Cadierno, 1993). Native speakers of English, and other languages whose subjects have a fixed position in the sentence, find it difficult to acquire the patterns that govern subject placement in Spanish, which may either precede or follow the verb. This difficulty is due in part to cross-linguistic differences associated to the argument structure of certain expressions, but it is also caused by the inadequate treatment of this topic in many textbooks and dictionaries. Subject inversion, i.e. the placement of the subject in postverbal position, is not a random phenomenon, and its occurrence is often limited to specific constructions. This paper examines three structures that are frequently associated with postverbal subjects: verbs of psychological affection, the impersonal passive and unaccusative verbs. Several communicative task-based activities are also presented, in order to ensure that L2 learners of Spanish are able to recognize postverbal subjects as a common phenomenon.


This paper presents the numerical results of the performance of the Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Integrated Bridge System (GRS-IBS) due to differential settlement underneath the reinforced soil fou...


An analysis of current share of potential, level of autarky, self-consumption rate and self-sufficiency rate have been performed for residential photovoltaics (PV) battery combined systems on neighbourhood level for the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands. PV yield potential has been assessed for each roof and scaled to neighbourhood level. Residential demand patterns were created using measured demand patterns and demographic information. All the information has been scaled to the neighbourhood level. It was found that battery systems are currently not required to improve the PV self-sufficiency on neighbourhood scale. Also, the calculated PV potential is not sufficient to meet the residential demand in the neighbourhoods. The historical city centre shows a low PV-battery potential, due to the low PV potential and high demand, whereas the suburban areas show large PV-battery potential. Batteries are useful to improve the self-sufficiency rates up to 14% in the neighbourhoods. The obtained knowledge is valuable for local governments to implement effective policies for a transition towards a sustainable city.


We study the incentives of complementors (producers of complementary products) to cooperate vs. compete and how these interact. In a system of complements, like the PC, the value of the final product depends on how well the different components work together. This, in turn, depends on the firms' investment in complementary R&D. We ask whether profit maximizing complementors will fully cooperate to make the final product as valuable as possible. Contrary to the popular view that two tight complements will generally have well aligned incentives, we demonstrate that natural conflicts emerge over pricing, the timing of investments, and who captures the greatest value at different phases of product generations.


German tax legislation has been used as a vehicle for channeling considerable transfers into the farm sector for many years. The purpose of this paper is to show its impact on farms of different sizes and branches of production. The results suggest that a large proportion of the German farmers receive transfers that amount to nearly half of their profit. It is demonstrated that the benefits are not equally distributed among different types of farms and not neutral with regard to the structure of inputs. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.


This study will offer 1) the direction of Rahman's study of the Islamic tradition, 2) Rahman's epistemological problems in the study of the Islamic tradition, 3) the study of Rahman's double movement hermeneutics on the Islamic tradition, and 4) Rahman's methodological contribution to the study of the Islamic tradition. This study uses a historical-sociological approach to see in more detail how Rahman examines Islamic traditions from a hermeneutical perspective. The results of this study indicate that first, the direction of Rahman's reading of the Islamic tradition looks very objective, regardless of the subjectivity of the two currents of traditionalist and modernist thought. Rahman did not defend the two currents of thought, each thought received criticism on the one hand, but on the other hand has also received positive appreciation. Second, the epistemological problem that arises in his thinking is the existence of an epistemological pattern of Islamic studies which is both mainstream, extreme right with traditionalist currents and extreme left with modernist currents from Western orientalism circles which are very free in understanding religion. Third, according to the reading of Rahman's theory of double movement hermeneutics at that time, efforts were needed to formalize, permanentize and verbalize the living sunnah into text form which is now known as hadith. Without this effort, Muslims will lose their identity and experience a historical disconnect. However, the formalization, verbalization, and permanentization of hadith does not mean setting it as an absolute, let alone a rigid rule that rejects the interpretation space of understanding for the religious elite. Because according to Rahman's most basic view, once the hadith is determined to be absolute, it can no longer be touched by the thoughts of the respective religious elites, then the living sunnah which has the basic character of nurturing and protecting has been reduced in meaning. Considering this understanding has forced certain situations and conditions to comply with behavior that has been literally standardized in the form of the hadith. Fourth, Rahman's hermeneutical approach is very significant in relation to the recontextualization of the universal message of teachings inherent in the authoritative sources of each religion. With this approach, maqashidu al-syariah as a religious text teaching message will be actualized according to the breath of the times.

Keywords: formalization, hermeneutics, modernist, sunnah, traditionalist


From the Publisher:
The Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) APIs have changed the way we think about enterprise computing. However, many programmers are discovering that simply learning the J2EE APIs isn't enough anymore. Writing efficient, robust enterprise code using servlets, JDBC, XML, EJB, and JSP can be a daunting task. In fact, it seems that the only way to become an expert at coding J2EE applications is to suffer through years of trial-and-error. Not anymore. Java Enterprise Best Practices helps to alleviate that frustration by offering you the benefit of our own authors' experience. This book recognizes the difference between learning a set of Java Enterprise libraries and learning how to use them both effectively and efficiently in your distributed applications. Should you unit test your marshalling code? Why should you bootstrap DOM correctly? What is an MBean Facade Pattern and when is it useful? Why do many database developers fail to take internationalization into consideration when creating their schemas? Java Enterprise Best Practices is a must-have book for all serious Java Enterprise developers. Whether it is covering rules for marshalling or unmarshalling RMI objects or advice for handling database connection pools, this book is a compendium of advice on how to make your Java Enterprise applications move from the ordinary to the extraordinary.