Pediatric Sedation remains the 'Wild West' of pediatric procedural/anesthesia care. Procedural sedation for children varies widely from institution to institution – and even within care facilities. There remains uncertainty as to which agents should be utilized, where the sedation/ procedures should be performed, and who should provide deep sedation for children undergoing tests and procedures (qualifications and training). Adding to this uncertainty is the fact that prospective, randomized, blinded trials of sedation medications, and techniques are difficult to perform, very labor intensive (expensive), and relatively rarely submitted for publication. Most sedation studies are retrospective and, if prospective, they are most often observational in nature with cohorts consisting of tens or (at most) several hundreds of patients. While these reports are interesting and helpful in suggesting clinical care possibilities, they are fraught with reporting and publication bias (few report their failures) and do little to let us understand the relative effectiveness and safety of the various sedation options that are available. For instance, in a recent issue of Pediatric Anesthesia, Wu et al. (1) present a comparison of dexmedetomidine (DEX) vs propofol for MRI scans expected to last >75 min. This comparison supplies objective data (blinded assessments) on the relative success rates and adverse events for these two drug regimens when sedating children for MRI scans. Their observations include longer induction times, longer scan times (perhaps related to greater success and fewer pauses with propofol), and increased recovery time (up to ~40 min extra facility time per child) for the cohort sedated with DEX compared with propofol. In fact, the recovery of some DEX patients took >90 min. Does this extra time translate into improved outcomes or safety measures? Was the recovery superior despite the longer time? In fact, there was no difference in safety measures and child behavioral disturbances were less with propofol. The authors also documented that parent satisfaction was greater with propofol. This paper is an excellent example of important considerations when evaluating comparative drug studies in the field of pediatric sedation. On the other hand, this trial raises several issues that remain problematic is studies that compare sedation regimens: 1. Because of the nature of pediatric sedation there is seldom a generally agreed upon 'accepted' dose (or dose combination) for a sedation regimen. For MRI scans, investigators have reported doses for DEX that vary between a 1 lg kg 1 bolus with a 1 lg kg 1 h 1 infusion to a 3 lg kg 1 bolus followed by a 2 lg kg 1 h 1 infusion (2,3). For propofol, the doses similarly vary between 100 and 300 lg kg 1 min 1 or more (4–6). Thus, the rate of successful sedation, timely onset of sedation, and the number of adverse events are directly related to the dose and route of administration of each drug. The outcome of a comparative trial is invariably a reflection of the author's (perhaps) arbitrary decision as to which dose of each drug they will investigate (in this case the IND limited the maximal dose of DEX to 3.5 lg kg 1 h 1 which may have contributed to failure rates and need for rescue). It is critical that authors of sedation studies/trials provide a detailed accounting of how they determined the drug doses they investigated, and the evidence that supports the equipoise of the comparisons being presented. 2. Authors and readers should be extremely cautious about the intrasedation outcomes that are reported for sedation trials. Traditionally, a sedation encounter is considered a 'success' when a procedure is completed and there is no significant adverse event. The encounter is considered a failure if the procedure was not completed or if there was an associated adverse event with the sedation care. However, what we need is a higher standard of reporting that provides more detailed immediate outcome information. Sedation trials should report the relative efficiency of their care – how long does it take to achieve adequate sedation for a procedure? Similarly, it is critical that recovery time should be reported – along with the precise discharge criteria that were employed (which should be validated and standardized). More importantly, the status of the child during the procedure should be measured and described. For example, in the case of radiological procedures such as MRI scans, the number of times the scan was interrupted for airway manipulation or to resedate a restless (moving) child should be accurately tabulated. For painful procedures, the status of the child during the procedure should be described (i.e., was the child moving about and crying during the 'sedated' bone marrow biopsy, or was the child perfectly quiet and still during the procedure?). Standardized measures for this aspect of the 'quality' of sedation are desperately needed if the field of pediatric sedation is to move forward. Finally, it would be very helpful if the quality of the outcomes of the procedures (themselves) were cited, such as the quality of MRI scans (e.g., previously shown to be superior with


Author(s): Schwehr, Natalie; Alarcon, Giovann; Hartman, Lacey | Abstract: We examined the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on healthcare coverage, access, health status, and affordability, as well as disparities in these outcomes by race/ethnicity among low-income Californians. We used nationally representative survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey 2011-2019 and a difference-in-differences approach that compared California with nonexpansion states. We examined the impact of Medicaid expansion on health insurance coverage, having a usual source of care, self-reported health status, frequent (≥14) unhealthy days in the past month (physical, mental, and both), and foregone care due to cost. The sample population included low-income Californians (l100% of the federal poverty guidelines) aged 19-64 and low-income childless adults. Low-income adults, childless adults, and white childless adults in California saw post-ACA gains in six of seven outcomes, including a 7.7 percentage point increase in having a usual source of care for all low-income adults (CI: 0.051 to 0.104). Childless adult people of color (POC) reported significant improvements in three measures, with a 6.6 percentage point increase in having a usual source of care (CI: 0.013 to 0.120). All of the groups we examined had coverage gains, ranging from 3.9 percentage points for all low-income adults (CI: 0.013 0.066) to 8.4 percentage points for white childless adults (CI: 0.025 to 0.143). Additionally, all groups reported improved mental health, including an 8.2 percentage point decrease in frequent mental distress for childless adults (CI: -0.120 to -0.044). These findings indicate that the ACA coverage expansion benefitted the targeted population of low-income Californians. Additionally, the disparity between white and non-white Californians decreased for the unadjusted mean rate of having a usual source of care. However, unadjusted means showed that white low-income adults remained more likely to have health insurance coverage and a usual source of care compared with POC in both California and nonexpansion states.


The reach of the American theatre between 1870 and 1900 was truly extraordinary, for those were the years when touring combinations crisscrossed the land, finding a ready welcome in countless opera houses, academies of music, and village halls. William Winter, one of the most long-lived of theatrical critics, estimated that by 1880 there were in the United States and Canada about 3,500 towns in which theatrical performances were habitually given in some 5,000 theatres. These hosted more than 250 theatrical companies employing some 5,000 actors. It was a "stirring" theatrical climate, giving employment to countless utility men and women, walking gentlemen, ladies in waiting, second old men and women, soubrettes and comedians—not to mention actors and actresses laying claim to stellar rank.


In this paper, we present a semi analytical, approximate model of relaxation oscillation of Nd3+:YAG DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) laser with one dimensional photonic crystals (1D PC). In our theoretical model, we take into account the gain saturation effect, transversal and longitudinal field distribution. With the help of time dependent laser rate equations, we obtain an approximate formulas relating the damping rate and frequency of relaxation oscillations to the output power and laser parameters such as photonic crystal geometry, losses, and reflectivity coefficient of laser mirror. With this approximate formulas, we obtain the laser characteristics, which reveal an optimal feedback strength for DBR cavity laser structure.


Administrative law and judiciary have a unique approach in their own systems, which distinguishes them from all other laws and judicial systems, as they are based mainly on the idea of the executive and supervisory role for the practice of public administration, to which extent it can be performed with high efficiency and without exaggeration or error in terms of implementation by controlling their activities according to a correct legal administrative approach.This research aims to define compliance with the disguised administrative decision, and its legal implications, as an attempt to find the legal character that deals with this type of decisions as one of the reasons for accepting the cancellation suit, and everything related to the state of non-compliance with administrative decisions in the event that they are issued by a competent person and in a manner that is inconsistent with Logic and law, by presenting a realistic and clear picture of it, with the aim of enriching the legislative aspect thereof.According to this study, it's clear that the general principle obliges a civil servant to accept the administrative decisions issued against him in compliance with the implementation of the functional presidential orders. However, the desired exception to this principle is to draw the attention of the administrative judiciary to make the administrative decisions following the disciplinary penalties complied by a decision-maker subject to consideration, examination, and scrutiny, for a judgment to accept the case thereof, if the subsequent disguised disciplinary action against the basic fixed disciplinary action has been achieved, provided that this is exceeding the general principle, which requires that in order to accept the cancellation claim, it is necessary not to comply with an inconclusive administrative decision and to contest it within the prescribed period for cancellation thereof.Following an inductive and analytical approach, the subject herein came in two chapters, the first concerned with a brief statement of the cancellation claim and the conditions for its acceptance, and the second focused on compliance to the disguised administrative decision as a reason for accepting the claim and as a justification for rescission of the contested decision within the framework of the legal periods for disputing the contested decision.


Citric acid modification of activated carbon to examine citric acid concentration, temperature and time modified adsorption properties of activated carbon. The results demonstrate that with the extension of temperature and treatment time, the adsorption properties of modified activated carbon were then decreased overall trend. Better process for citric acid modified activated carbon: citric acid concentration of 50%, modified temperature is 30°C, modified time is 5h. Lagergren adsorption rate equation with primary and secondary adsorption rate equation and the average absolute deviation from the rate on the adsorption properties of these factors affects the processing; secondary adsorption kinetics model was found to better describe the various factors affecting the adsorption process under conditions.


Heat transfer and pressure drop in a Pathfinder nuclear superheater fuel element is studied by simulating tests in a long, thin annular passage, which is heated both internally and externally, spaced with longitudinal spacers. Heineman's correlation of Nusselt number L/D/sub e/> 60 appears to be appropriate for superheated steam in a thin annulus with both walls heated. The friction factors are satisfactorily described by the smooth Moody curve if film temperature properties are used. Measured film coefficients are about the same on the inner and outer walls. The L/D/sub e/ effect is negligible for large values. It is shown that annular geometry with longitudinal wire spacers is amenable to treatment with the equivalent diameter concept. (N.W.R.)


Obective To investigate the effect and relationships of p27~(kip1),Skp2 in the occurrence,malignant grow,proliferation and diffusion of breast cancer by testing the expression of p27~(kip1) protein,Skp2 protein in breast cancer.Methods The expression of p27~(kip1),Skp2 was detected in 100 cases of breast cancer,30 cases of hyperplasia mammary and 30 cases of neighboring non-cancerous tissue by using immunohisochemical EnVision.Results The expression of p27~(kip1) protein in the neighboring non-cancerous tissue,hyperplasic mammary and breast cancer group were 100%,93.33% and 56.00%,it showed a significant difference between breast cancer group and the other two groups(P0.01).The positive rate of p27~(kip1) protein was 37.5% in the breast cancer with the lymph node metastasis and 68.33% without the lymph node metastasis.It showed a significant difference between two groups(P0.01).The expression of Skp2 protein was correlated with clinical stages(P0.05).There was negative relationship between the expression of p27~(kip1) protein and Skp2 protein in breart.Conclusion The expression of Skp2 protein in breast cancer was up-regulation and p27~(kip1) was down-regulation.Expression of cancer Skp2 and p27~(kip1) were important significance in cancer dignosis.


The feedforward neural networks, including multiple layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function network (RBFN), are the most widely used networks due to their rapid training, generality, and simplicity. For RBFN, a traditional training algorithm consists of two stages: first learning in the hidden layer, which is typically performed using an unsupervised method such as a clustering algorithm; this is followed by a supervised learning in the output layer, such as recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms. Such a training algorithm has several drawbacks, including improper selection of RBF centers and over-size problem of the network in the first stage and ill-condition in the second. This paper proposes a new clustering algorithm based on constructing an augmented vector consisting of both input and output, and for training the RBFN using a U-D factorization based RLS algorithm which is superior to the standard RLS algorithm in convergence rate, numerical stability and accuracy of the training. The performance between RBFN and MLP with a sigmoidal function is also compared via simulation examples.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the gold standard surgical option for lower urinary tract symptom surgery. Newer treatment options focus on ease of...


Objective:To observe the expression levels of bradykinin in thromboangiitis obliterans(TAO) rats and discuss its importance during the pathogenesis of the disease.Methods:Seventy wister male rats were made into TAO models through the injection of laurate sodium.They were randomly divided into control group and model groups.Model group was divided into 1 day,3 days,7 days,14 days,21 days and 28 days with 10 rats per group.Serum levels of bradykinin pre-and after-operations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and statistical analysis was used.Results:Different levels of ischemia and necrosis was showed in laurate sodium injected rats.Pathological section shows large amount of neovascular and inflammation cells.Bradykinin of the model rats increased with ischemia time prolonging compared to the control group.There was a peak in the 14 days group.Then declined,but still significantly higher than pre-group levels(P0.05).Conclusion:In thromboangiitis obliterans rats,the Bradykinin levels rose in the earlier time and then declined.It may play a part in the building up of the lateral branch in TAO rats.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a skip-a-day feeding regime on the growth of one-year-old sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus. Sturgeons possess a spiral valve intestine, which slows down the passage of food to longer than 24 hours, providing a scientific justification for the experiment. The experiment had a duration of 12 weeks and consisted of two treatments groups with four replicates each. One group of sturgeons (n = 120) was offered feed every day, on a continuous basis, at 2% of their body weight daily; while a second group of sturgeons (n = 120) were fed every other day, also at 2% of their body weight daily. The sturgeons had an average initial body weight of 178 ± 32 g and measured 44.6 ± 2.9 cm in total length. At the end of the experimental period, all sturgeons were alive, in good health, and no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) on growth performance indices were detected between sturgeons fed every day and every other day. The average weights and lengths of sturgeons at the end of the trial were 406 ± 96 g and 55.4 ± 4.4 cm. The results of this study suggest that yearling sturgeon may be fed every other day rather than daily. A skip-a-day feeding regime can result in feed savings for a commercial operation, help protect the natural resources such as those for making fish meal, and lessen the impact of excess nutrients in natural bodies of water.


The present study examined the efficacy of the use of bio-ethanol as an environmental protection measure by conducting quantitative assessment of the amount of CO2 emitted in its lifecycle, including the process of growing plants used as materials for bio-ethanol production. As a conclusion, it was suggested that the use of bio-ethanol does not reduce CO2 emissions, as it stands now, because a large amount of energy is required to produce it, i.e., bio-ethanol production consumes fossil fuels in a large quantity and emits a massive amount of CO2. Actually, the use of bio-ethanol varieties made from corn or wood as an alternative fuel to gasoline increased CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the production and use of bio-ethanol was less cost-effective than other CO2 reduction measures. This means that, in terms of both its effectiveness and economic efficiency, bio-ethanol would not contribute to promoting Japan's "Biomass Nippon Strategy" and accomplishing its primary goal, the "prevention of global warming".


Onehundred fifty-three Mycobacterium bovis strains fromcattle, various animalspecies fromzoos andwild parks, andhumanswere analyzed forthree different genetic markersforuse intheepidemiology ofbovine tuberculosis. M.bovis strains isolated fromcattle were foundtocarry a single IS6110 element, whereasthe majority ofstrains fromotheranimals suchas antelopes, monkeys, andsealsharbored multiple IS6110 elements, suggesting thatthereservoirs incattle andwildanimals are separated. Becausethesingle IS6110 element incattle strains islocated atthesame chromosomal position, strain differentiation byinsertion sequencefingerprinting was hampered. Therefore, we investigated theusefulness ofthedirect repeatand polymorphic GC-rich repeatelements forstrain differentiation. Bothmarkersallowed sufficient strain discrimination forepidemiological purposes.Evidence ispresented thatinArgentina, mosthumanM.bovis infections areduetotransmission fromcattle, whereas M.bovis infections among humansintheNetherlands are mainly contracted fromanimals otherthancattle. Various outbreaks ofM.bovis among animals and humansaredescribed, including a small one whichlikely involved transmission fromhumantohuman.


Recent research has shown progress in achieving high-quality, very fine-grained type classification in hierarchical taxonomies. Within such a multi-level type hierarchy with several hundreds of types at different levels, many entities naturally belong to multiple types. In order to achieve high-precision in type classification, current approaches are either limited to certain domains or require time consuming multistage computations. As a consequence, existing systems are incapable of performing ad-hoc type classification on arbitrary input texts. In this demo, we present a novel Webbased tool that is able to perform domain independent entity type classification under real time conditions. Thanks to its efficient implementation and compacted feature representation, the system is able to process text inputs on-the-fly while still achieving equally high precision as leading state-ofthe-art implementations. Our system offers an online interface where natural-language text can be inserted, which returns semantic type labels for entity mentions. Further more, the user interface allows users to explore the assigned types by visualizing and navigating along the type-hierarchy.


The implementing of "positive list system" in Japan will seriously affect Chinese agricultural products exported to Japan. Chinese government and enterprises should take active measures to improve the quality of Chinese agricultural products and enhance market competitiveness, and gradually increase the recovery and exports of agricultural products to Japan.


This paper describes testing and simulation of operator and truck kinematics during stand-up rider forklift truck accidents. A Hybrid III, ATD was used as an operator surrogate and tested in an off-the-dock accident experiment. A rigid multibody, biomechanical model, representing the ATD, was developed and validated with deceleration sled data. The biomechanical model was then used with a truck model in a simulation of the test. The kinematic results are in agreement with the testing. Various physical and initial conditions of the truck and biomechanical model were studied.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Abstract The CSA-CCIX concept started at ORNL in 1951. It has been adapted to a wide variety of applications worldwide, in water and waste water treatment, fertilizers, hydrometallurgy, and general chemical processing. Unique features and how it works are described. Two extreme applications are described in detail. One is for the extraction of trace amounts of uranium from a copper leach, at 37.85m3/min (10,000 gpm) where very high throughput rates are emphasized. The other is for Acid Retardation, where a strong acid waste is purified and recovered. The feed processing rate here is much lower than the resin rate.


Objective To analyze the present situation and development trend of norovirus,So as to provide information for further research.Methods Using 'norovirus' as the key word to search literatures in gopubmed,The analysis of distribution of literatures by year,Area,Publication Journals,And main authors was performed.REsults The total number of articles published globally about


The design feature of the impingement mixing system ,the rotary mixing systems and the rotating Kenics Mixer of reaction injection moulding equipment were described and their operating characteristics were analyzed.


Distributed optimization with open collaboration is a popular field since it provides an opportunity for small groups/companies/universities, and individuals to jointly solve huge-scale problems. However, standard optimization algorithms are fragile in such settings due to the possible presence of so-called Byzantine workers -- participants that can send (intentionally or not) incorrect information instead of the one prescribed by the protocol (e.g., send anti-gradient instead of stochastic gradients). Thus, the problem of designing distributed methods with provable robustness to Byzantine workers has been receiving a lot of attention recently. In particular, several works consider a very promising way to achieve Byzantine tolerance via exploiting variance reduction and robust aggregation. The existing approaches use SAGA- and SARAH-type variance-reduced estimators, while another popular estimator -- SVRG -- is not studied in the context of Byzantine-robustness. In this work, we close this gap in the literature and propose a new method -- Byzantine-Robust Loopless Stochastic Variance Reduced Gradient (BR-LSVRG). We derive non-asymptotic convergence guarantees for the new method in the strongly convex case and compare its performance with existing approaches in numerical experiments.


To the editor: We greatly appreciate the editorial by Penttinen and Friede summarising the data regarding recent observations in the United States (US) of decreased effectiveness of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains (A/California/7/2009 and A/Bolivia/559/2013) included in live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) [1]. Multiple hypotheses have been suggested as potential explanations for the reduced effectiveness compared with inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV). The most frequently cited hypotheses include poor replicative fitness of the A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV strains, vaccine–virus interference in the quadrivalent formulation, reduced LAIV replication due to preexisting anti-influenza immunity from prior influenza vaccinations, and poor thermostability of A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV strains. We have systematically evaluated each of these hypotheses and would like to share our assessments in case they might benefit ongoing international scientific discussions regarding LAIV effectiveness.


e14651 Background: Early lymph node metastasis is one of the most important characteristic features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with a dismal prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to have a role in oncogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via epigenetic posttranscriptional gene regulation. However lymphatic metastasis related miRNAs of pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been well documented. Methods: Through microarray analysis aberrantly expressing miRNAs potentially regulating lymphatic metastasis in PC were gained from PDAC tissue specimens and cell lines. Candidate miRNAs were confirmed in total 40 resected PDAC cases and cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). In situ hybridization was performed to elucidate the expression features of miRNA-218 in PDAC, precursor lesions, metastatic lymph nodes and cell lines. Results: MiRNA-218 and other five miRNAs were found aberrantly expressing both in PDAC and BxPC-3-LN5 (cell line with high-metastasis characteristics) by...


To study the variations in microorganisms and enzyme activity during sewage sludge composting, the dynamic changes in temperature, enzyme activity and microorganism composition were studied by co-composting municipal sludge and corn straw. The results show that the pile underwent mesophilic, thermophilic, and cooling phases and that the high-temperature duration (3 50 °C) had reached 5 days, which meets harmlessness requirements. During the composting process, the protease, arylsulfatase (ARS) and cellulase content increased gradually; urease content first decreased and then increased rapidly; and peroxidase (POD) content first increased and then decreased. Ureibacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Sporosarcina were the dominant bacteria during sludge composting. Microorganisms played different roles at different stages of the composting. Ureibacillus and Bacillus were the dominant strains in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, respectively, and Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium were the dominant strains in the cooling phase. Sporosarcina mainly played a role later in the thermophilic and cooling phases. The effect of different bacteria on enzyme activity varied; Pseudomonas played a clear role in promoting the production of urease while Bacillus had a clear inhibitory effect on the production of urease. Ureibacillus inhibited the production of ARS, POD, protease and cellulase. By studying the changes in microbial and enzymatic activities at different stages of sludge composting, it is possible to thoroughly explore the nature of the latter and provide a reference for optimizing composting processes.


The invention discloses an automatic bag feeding machine for valve bags, which belongs to the field of auxiliary mechanisms of packaging machinery and is mainly used for solving the problems of low working efficiency and poor production continuity of manual bag feeding. The automatic bag feeding machine comprises a bag containing box and a bag rubbing roller, wherein an opening is arranged on the upper surface of the bag containing box, one side of the opening is hinged with a top cover, the top cover is smaller than the opening of the bag containing box, a spring is arranged at the bottom of the bag containing box, the upper surface of the spring is connected with a bag supporting plate, a matching inclined plane which is low at inside and high at outside is arranged on the vertical surface of the bag containing box, which is close to the bag inlet direction, and the lowest point of the matching inclined plane is positioned below the bottom surface of the top cover and in the position with the thickness of one layer of the valve bag; and the bag rubbing roller with salient points on the surface is arranged above the other side of the opening on the upper surface of the bag containing box, and the lowest point on the radial surface of the salient points of the bag rubbing roller is flush with the lowest point of the matching inclined plane. The automatic bag feeding machine for the valve bags, disclosed by the invention, can realize automatic bag feeding of the valve bags, high production continuity and high working efficiency.


FitoVigia classifies as a database system which was implemented in Microsoft Access 2000 in order to improve the phytosanitary surveillance by cartographical cuadricles. The present software requires a personal computer with 400 MHz of cpu speed and 64 Mb RAM. Microsoft Visual Basic was used for programming the proceedings and functions that compose options as Archives, Edition, Format, Catalogues, Models, Reports and Registers. Some of the reports that may be selected by the user in this software are: geographical situation and pests monitoring, crops density; characterizations of climate, soil and biological risks by cartographical cuadricles.


Fluid removal during hemodialysis results in relative hypovolemia during which the stability of patient rely on the compensatory mechanisms as well as the profile of system parameters. To ensure hemodynamic stability of patient a novel control methodology is proposed to continuously adjust the ultrafiltration rate (UFR) in order to regulate the changes in relative blood volume (RBV) and percentage change in heart rate (ΔHR(%)) during hemodialysis. Model predictive control (MPC) based approach has been utilized to account for system variability and to explicitly handle the constraints on the control input. To model the RBV and ΔHR multiple linear time varying systems are introduced by using UFR as the control input. MPC is used to track the changes in RBV and ΔHR to follow reference trajectories. At each control interval, the system parameters are updated to get the best fitting into the parameterized model. The simulation results show that while keeping the control input within a practically realizable bounds, the system was able to regulate RBV and ΔHR to pre-defined trajectories by adjusting UFR. Such systems can help to ensure the stability of patient undergoing hemodialysis by avoiding abrupt fluctuations in both RBV and HR. The applicability of such a system in realtime dialysis control is yet to be explored.


We have designed and analysed a rib waveguide structure in recently reported Ga-Sb-S based highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass for nonlinear applications. The proposed waveguide structure possesses a very high nonlinear coefficient and can be used to generate broadband supercontinuum in mid-infrared domain. The reported design of the chalcogenide waveguide offers two zero dispersion values at 1800 nm and 2900 nm. Such rib waveguide structure is suitable to generate efficient supercontinuum generation ranging from 500 – 7400 μm. The reported waveguide can be used for the realization of the compact on-chip supercontinuum sources which are highly applicable in optical imaging, optical coherence tomography, food quality control, security and sensing.


Beyond property-right argument,which derived from traditional property-right argument,The article emphasizes the market competition.During the transitional period,the reforming of State-owned banks followed "first competition then property" route.Now the reforming of Stated-owned banks have gone into property-right reforming stage,the listing of banks is not the last goal of reforming.Under the condition of finance opening,we should try to consummate the governal structure,cultivate the real financial entrepreneur,build up the competition environment of bank,broaden the restriction on the non-governmental banks.


Optimization of process parameters is an important condition of twophoton microfabrication. After analyzed,the exciting laser intensity,the coverage rate and the numerical aperture of objectives are selected for experimental research. Using the twophoton microfabrication system we built, the experimental resuts under the different conditions varing one process parameter while fixing the other process parameters are compared and the effect of the parameter on the processing quality is discussed. Some experimental results after the optimization of the process parameters are given.


Web-based applications play a major role in the development and deployment of online services. Due to their unique medium of operation, they also have unique requirements when it comes to data storage. Most web applications use databases as their primary data storage mechanism, which does not only provide well-developed routines for data management, but also can be accessed via common interfaces such as Microsoft's Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLEDB) and Sun's JAVA Database Connectivity (JDBC). Scalability poses a significant challenge for today's web applications, mainly due to the large population of potential users. As a result, we attempt to present a scalable architectural model that could be adopted by web application developers in order to implement scalable systems with good quality of service. This will ensure that required information is available during critical times irrespective of sudden load increase.


Abstract: Two patients are presented who were uremic requiring dialysis despite steady state serum creatinine levels (Cr) of 4.0 and 4.4 mg percent. Their blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratios of 54 and 44 were shown to be due to excessive creatinine secretion and urea reabsorption. Evaluation of serum creatinine alone may occasionally give misleading information regarding the level of renal function. If clinical evidence of uremia is present while serum creatinine value is relatively low, measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by Na‐iothalamate125I (OIT) or inulin is essential.


Neuromorphic computing aims to incorporate lessons from studying biological nervous systems in the design of computer architectures. While existing approaches have successfully implemented aspects of those computational principles, such as sparse spike-based computation, event-based scalable learning has remained an elusive goal in large-scale systems. However, only then the potential energy-efficiency advantages of neuromorphic systems relative to other hardware architectures can be realized during learning. We present our progress implementing the EventProp algorithm using the example of the BrainScaleS-2 analog neuromorphic hardware. Previous gradient-based approaches to learning used"surrogate gradients"and dense sampling of observables or were limited by assumptions on the underlying dynamics and loss functions. In contrast, our approach only needs spike time observations from the system while being able to incorporate other system observables, such as membrane voltage measurements, in a principled way. This leads to a one-order-of-magnitude improvement in the information efficiency of the gradient estimate, which would directly translate to corresponding energy efficiency improvements in an optimized hardware implementation. We present the theoretical framework for estimating gradients and results verifying the correctness of the estimation, as well as results on a low-dimensional classification task using the BrainScaleS-2 system. Building on this work has the potential to enable scalable gradient estimation in large-scale neuromorphic hardware as a continuous measurement of the system state would be prohibitive and energy-inefficient in such instances. It also suggests the feasibility of a full on-device implementation of the algorithm that would enable scalable, energy-efficient, event-based learning in large-scale analog neuromorphic hardware.


Disclosed are an NFC mobile terminal and an NFC mobile phone, including an NFC chip, a key, and a monostable trigger circuit. The key is connected to the NFC chip via the monostable trigger circuit and further used for starting up the NFC function of the NFC mobile terminal when the NFC terminal is shut down. The present invention reduces the electricity consumption of the NFC chip when the mobile terminal is shut down by using a key to trigger the start-up of the NFC function when the NFC mobile terminal is shut down and close the NFC function when the mobile terminal is shut down.


After the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, several efforts have been made to ensure integrity of spent fuel pools as well as nuclear reactors under prolonged station blackout. Regardless of low individual decay heat level, release of radioactive materials from spent fuel pools can be tragic because of a large number of fuel assemblies. In this research, thermal hydraulic behavior and safety of fuel rods inside a subchannel of nuclear fuel under loss of cooling accidents were evaluated through a 5 by 5 heater rods - experiment. We chose three cases representing decay heat at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after shutdown, corresponding to 0.38 kW/rod, 0.21 kW/rod, and 0.11 kW/rod, respectively. At higher decay heat level, mixture water level was much escalated because of large void generation while the maximum rod temperature was increased fast. The vessel module, COBRA-TF, in the MARS code was assessed by comparing with the experiment result. The water mixture level as well as the wall temperature profile was not well represented by the code. The models are needed to be further improved.


This paper investigates the evolution of the Japanese economy between 1980 and 2010 from the viewpoint of population and industrial structure of cities. With the rural-to-urban transformation settling by the 1970s, Japan experienced the second stage of urbanization through the integration of nearby cities. This led, on average, to a disproportionate 24% population growth of a set of core cities. In the meantime, cities experienced substantial churning of industrial composition: on average, 35% of the three-digit manufacturing industries present in a city in 1980 had left by 2010, while on average, 30% of industries present in a city in 2010 were absent in the same city in 1980. Remarkably, these substantial relocations of population and industries among cities took place while preserving a simple yet rigid relationship between the size and industrial composition of cities characterized by the roughly constant elasticity between the number and average size of cities in which an industry was present. This paper discusses the policy implications of this persistent regularity and the possible underlying mechanisms.


Presentation of a tension straightening process studied, developed and patented by SACILOR (Lorraine Steel and Rolling Mills Company) from 1979 to 1982, with technical (straigthening, destressing, higher elasticity values) advantages as well as economic ones (no additional investment in hydraulic presses to straighten ends, lower operating costs than those for roller straightening).


Objective To study the effects of astragalus on perioperative interleukin(IL) level in patients with laparoscopic surgery,thus to investigate the probable mechanism.Methods Forty patients with selected laparoscopic surgery,aging 20-50 years old,with American Society of Anesthesiologist(ASA) ⅠⅡ and without hematogenic disease,immune system disease or endocrine disease were enrolled.The participants were randomized into two groups,the astragalus group(Group A) and the control group(Group C).Astragalus injection 10 mL+physidogical saline 90 mL was given to patients in Group A 15 mins before anesthesia,also by mixed in the abdominal washing solution at the end of operation.The venous blood samples were collected before surgery(T0) and at 0 h(T1),and on 1st day(T2),and 3 day(T3) after surgery,for interleukins(IL-2,IL-10) assessment by ELISA.Results Comparing with those at T0,significant reduction of IL-2 and IL-2/IL-10 ratio were revealed at T1 and T2,but were recovered at T3 compared in Group C,while the reduction were revealed at T1 and recovered at T2 in Group A(P0.05).The IL-2 levels were significantly higher in Group A than those in Group C at T1,T2 and T5;and so were the IL-2/IL-10 ratios at T1 and T2(P0.05).No significant change in IL-10 was revealed after anesthesia,neither the difference between the 2 groups.Conclusion The application of astragalus injection in laparoscopic surgery provides immune protective effects,via up-regulation of helper cytokines.


This research was conducted in totally nine olive orchards from three villages during 2001-2002 in Mut district of Mersin province in where pesticide application is absent or very few. One of the most important species was Euphyllura phillyrea Forst. (Hom.: Aphalaridae) among pests. Population change and infestation ratio of the E. phillyrea were determined in the olive orchards. E. phillyrea produced one generation in a year and population of the nymphs and adults reached the highest level at the first week of may 2002 with 2.300 nymph/tree and 2.850 adult/tree. In the same year maximum ratio of infected inflorescence and branches with E. phillyrea were 9,3% and 67%, respectively.


Virtualization is an increasingly used trend in industrial automation to optimize the hardware utilization and ease the scalability of automation systems. In the classic industrial automation, applications are written for a certain operating system and have to be installed on a specific hardware. This increases the number of hardwares. A virtualization by means of a hypervisor provides a possibility to run different applications and their operating systems on the same hardware but in different and independent software-containers. Industry 4.0, a German automation initiative that includes cyber physical systems, requires a certain degree of flexibility that is referred to as changeability. Implementing Industry 4.0 changeable scenarios require flexible automation solutions. A dynamic strategy which enables real time resource-management between these applications is an important factor to optimize the utilization of hardware resources and to make a changeable production possible. The applied method in this contribution allows to run different applications with diverse operating systems on the same hardware while providing them with their necessary resources (computing time, network,.. .) and managing them according to domain specific requirements. To meet the domain specific requirements, a concept of an infrastructure-application is introduced in this article.


Abstract Corn yields and leaf samples vere obtained from experimental plots receiving various rates and combinations of N, P and K. Yields were regressed on leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg as independent variables expressed in milliequivalents per 100 grams and percentages in three regression models. The fit of two models was shown to be equivalent regardless of method of expressing the independent variables. For the other model the choice of milliequivalents per 100 grams or percentages determines a unique function.


A society's allocation relationship is decided by the resource ownership relationship and labor ownership relationship.The immature resource public ownership of means of prodution and the unbalanced and the undevelopped labor requires that allocation according to labor and factors be implemented in allocation.This is a great breath through and development in Marxism allocation theory and it has a far-veaching theorelical and pratical signigicance.


This program is sponsored by the Women's Studies Advisory Board (WSAB), the Women's Center, the Intercultural Center, Department of English and Cultural Studies, and the College of Arts and Sciences. YOU ARE INVITED to hear widely-sought after speaker Delia D. Aguilar who will discuss feminism and social change. Over the last three decades, she has published more than 30 articles and authored several books in the fields of social theory and feminist theory, with particular emphasis on women and development.


This article examines challenges and opportunities some rural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face in maximising the value of Certified Benefit Corporation status. Eight case studies provide insights into the disadvantages of becoming, and maintaining, certification, and opportunities for leveraging its full value specific to the unique needs of these types of firms. Triangulation of three repetitions of interviews with owners and employees (n = 22) over two years, publicly available web-based sources (e.g., websites and brochures), and project documents for each case were analysed. No case study could report direct financial gains from their certification. Additionally, they reported limitations to obtaining, and maintaining, the certification, unique to rural SMEs, suggesting larger and urban firms have a competitive advantage in utilising this certification. Instead, they identified hiring and retaining quality employees, a greater sense of purpose and drive, and increased trust with other local businesses as added value. The article concludes with insights for increasing the likelihood of maximising value for other similar firms and opportunities for third-party certifying bodies to better support rural SMEs in maximising the value of this certification.


Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress.In the teaching of "Economic Law" the college students are cultivated in innovation ability and the innovation classroom teaching is necessary.


Preface Acknowledgements The Author Introduction: The Challenge of Developing a Management Team CREATING A LEADERSHIP TEAM Five Key Strategies for Marketing Team Success Strategic Goals: How to Establish Direction for Your Organization Extensive Networks: How to Connect with Sources of Information Collaborative Relationships: How to Deveolop Cooperation Among Departments Effective Information Processing: How to Make Good Group Decisions Focused Action: How to Move from Discussion to Results MANAGEMENT TEAM MAINTENANCE Keeping the Team Productive Selecting New Team Members Managing Team Transitions Fixing a Sick Team Conclusion: Twelve Guiding Principles for High Performance References Index.


Melanoma is skin cancer that attacks a pigment human cell who raise melanin cell and causing death if unknown early. According to from Abramson Cancer Center, There are 76.690 new cases melanoma in the United States on 2013. Dermoscopy is one of a current use, but need a special expertise to detect a cancer melanoma. This research proposes a new approach to detecting melanoma using ABCD rule which is Including in the methods of dermoscopy and using STOLZ Algorithm to given weight in detection. The detection is conducted on the image which was taken with mobile device camera and testing process is performed on mobile. The technique used to preprocessing is using OpenCV to take extraction for sampling suspect skin melanoma. The result from this application showing output in form TDS score and classification result which is appropriate from input picture. The result of this application shown value TDS and classification hypothesis suspected melanoma or normal mole from cameras smartphone used.


This paper studies the role and advantage of shaping the image of the state in the network media reports of major sports events by using the methods of literature review,comparative analysis and mathematical statistics.Taking 2012London Olympic reports of Sina and Ifeng as research subjects,and selecting the representative events to construct reports analysis framework,this paper reveals the problems of shaping the image of the state in the network media reports in major sports events,and offers the suggestions on how to shape the image of state in the major sports events reports for network media.


Today's picture of the internal solar rotation rate profile results essentially from helioseismic analyses of frequency splittings of resonant acoustic waves. Here we present another, complementary estimation of the internal solar rotation rate using the perturbation of the shape of the acoustic waves. For this purpose, we extend a global helioseismic approach developed previously for the investigation of the meridional flow to work on the components of the differential rotation. We discuss the effect of rotation on mode eigenfunctions and the observables based thereon. Based on a numerical study using a simulated rotation rate profile, we tailor an inversion approach and also consider the case of the presence of an additional meridional flow. This inversion approach is then applied to data from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar Heliospheric Observatory and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. In the end, rotation rate profiles estimated from eigenfunction perturbation and frequency splittings are compared. The rotation rate profiles from the two different approaches are qualitatively in good agreement, especially for the MDI data. Significant differences are obtained at high latitudes >50° and near the subsurface. The result from HMI data shows larger discrepancies between the different methods. We find that the two global helioseismic approaches provide complementary methods for measuring the solar rotation. Comparing the results from different methods may help to reveal systematic influences that affect analyses based on eigenfunction perturbations, like meridional flow measurements.


Without vaccines and medicine, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing, have been the main strategy in controlling the spread of COVID-19. Strict social distancing policies may lead to heavy economic losses, while relaxed social distancing policies can threaten public health systems. We formulate an optimization problem that minimizes the stringency of NPIs during the prevaccination and vaccination phases and guarantees that cases requiring hospitalization will not exceed the number of available hospital beds. The approach utilizes an SEIQR model that separates mild from severe cases and includes a parameter that quantifies NPIs. Payoff constraints ensure that daily cases are decreasing at the end of the prevaccination phase and cases are minimal at the end of the vaccination phase. Using the penalty method, the constrained minimization is transformed into a non-convex, multi-modal unconstrained optimization problem, which is solved using a metaheuristic algorithm called the improved multi-operator differential evolution. We apply the framework to determine optimal social distancing strategies in the Republic of Korea given different amounts and types of antiviral drugs. The model considers variants, booster shots, and waning of immunity. The optimal values show that fast administration of vaccines is as important as using highly effective vaccines. The initial number of infections and daily imported cases should be kept minimum especially if the severe bed capacity is low. In Korea, a gradual easing of NPIs without exceeding the severe bed capacity is possible if there are at least seven million antiviral drugs and the effectiveness of the drug in reducing disease severity is at least 86%. Model parameters can be adapted to a specific region or country, or other infectious disease. The framework can also be used as a decision support tool in planning practical and economic policies, especially in countries with limited healthcare resources.


Lanthanum oxide films are deposited using Flex-ALDtrade solution-based precursor formulations via atomic layer deposition. A solid La precursor is dissolved in solvent blends and the solution precursor is delivered via direct liquid injection methods to a vaporizer that is connected to the ALD chamber. The fully vaporized solution precursor is then pulsed into the deposition chamber containing an in- situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). High-k bi-layers are formed by growing a La oxide ALD layer onto an HfO2 coated surface of a silicon wafer sample in the same ALD chamber. Composition analysis showed carbon and other contaminants are below 1 atomic %.


Sea-level phenomena, such as tides, are ubiquitous and their description as well as their explanation have a long scientific history, featuring prominent names such as Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton, Edmond Halley, Daniel Bernoulli and Lord Kelvin. Recent events like the 2004 Sumatra tsunami and the 2011 tsunami in Japan which led to the Fukushima catastrophe have been both covered by public media and documented scientifically. The global warming discussion and the vastly diverging predictions of its effects on the rise or fall of ocean levels have drawn further attention to sea-level-related topics. The present book Sea-Level Science with its subtitle Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes takes up these and other topics, and brings them to a scientific discussion. In detail, there is an introductory chapter on the history of the topic and the definition of its terms, and further chapters discuss sea-level measuring systems, tidal forces, tidal analysis and prediction, tidal dynamics, shallow-water and coastal tides, storm surges, meteotsunamis (i.e. tsunamis caused by weather influences, rather than by quakes), tsunamis themselves, spatial variations in sea level, temporal sea-level changes (which includes a multitude of effects both climatic and tectonic), sea-level applications such as power generation, and the relevance of sea level for life. The text is very well written and presents both the phenomenology of the effects under discussion, as well as the scientific means for their measurement and modelling. The mathematics involved is appropriate for a scientific discussion and thankfully not overdone. The text is richly referenced to scientific publications within each chapter. The authors, David Pugh and Philip Woodworth are both renowned scientists related to the University of Liverpool, and holding leading positions in research programmes within ocean science. David Pugh has previously authored Changing Sea Levels: Effects of Tides, Weather and Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2004) and Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-level (John Wiley and Sons, 1987 and 1996). He also is an editor of Troubled Waters: Ocean Science and Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2010). The present book is a monograph, rather than a textbook; hence, there are no problems and solutions. Particularly noteworthy are the many high-quality colour figures and tables which illustrate the discussion nicely, further motivate the reading and increase the understanding. This also owes to the high quality of the paper, the print and the bookmaking, as well as to the rather wide format of the book. One should maybe point out that this book does not cover wave physics, with the long-wavelength exceptions of tides, surges and tsunamis. It is rather concerned with the phenomena on long timescales from minutes or hours to geological scales. The level is appropriate for graduate students and above with an interest in the fields of oceanography, geodesy and marine geology, but also in the fields of marine engineering, marine biology and climatology. In particular, the last chapter makes it interesting also beyond that, as it discusses political dimensions of the topic. For everyone within the intended readership this book deserves a clear recommendation.


This diploma work is focusing on the characteristics of bancassurance, its negative and positive aspects, governing legislation and the method of implementation in the Czech Republic. It also deals with specific situations of the three largest banks in the CR and their collaboration with relevant insurance company. The last chapter is focusing on bancassurance in the EU, focusing on France, Great Britain and Societe Generale. In conclusion there is a comparison of bancassurance in the CR and the EU.


In this paper we give the data about distribution of the relevant information for the abstract in sections of the scientific article and the linguistic phenomena complicating translation of the article.


A high performance liquid chromatographic method was reported for the quantitative determination of ampicillin in ampicillin sodium soluble powder,using Waters spherical C18(3.9×150 mm column,5 μm)as a separation column and water-acetonitrile-1 mol/moL potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution-1mol/L acetic acid solution as a mobile phase ,wavelength 254nm,current velocity 1.0 ml/mL,temperature of column 30 ℃,retention time about 4.5min.Ampicillin was quantitatively determined in range of 0.25-2.0 mg/mL.The calibration curve was in good linearity(r=0.9999).The average recovery was 99.6%,while relative standard deviation(RSD)for replications was 0.3%.Conclusion:This method is susceptible of the quantitative determination of ampicillin in ampicillin sodium soluble powder.


Human Security notion is emphasizing on human as the central of security studies, challenging the position of state as the core of security. Some studies are tried to separate the state security and human security, however there are strong connection between these two notions. State has important role in establishing and maintaining the security of its own citizens. Through social contract and social security protection, state are oblige to set the security of its own people as their security goal.


The role of taxation is very important for the financing of development in Indonesia. However, the performance of tax revenue has not been optimally indicated by the low ratio of tax to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which in 2015 the ratio is 10.7% of GDP. This tax ratio is still lower than the tax ratio of neighboring countries such as the Philippines (13.6%), Malaysia (14.3%) and Thailand (16.5%). Even in 2016 the tax ratio declined slightly to 10.3% of GDP.With the scope of the study limited to non-oil and gas income tax and value added tax which contributes more than 80 percent of total tax revenue, this study objective is to understand the relationship between tax revenue and economic activity that can provide insight into the effectiveness of tax policy.This study uses monthly realization of tax revenue both total and sectoral. For economic activity data, we use data derived from national account data or GDP based on expenditure and production approach (sectoral). Monthly tax revenue data is then aggregated into quarterly data to match the frequency of GDP data. Period of data being studied is Q1 2010 - Q4 2017. Tax revenue and economic activity data needs to be seasonal adjusted and then separated into trends and cycles. To examine the relationship between tax revenue and economic activity, we performed several tests such as unit root test, cointegration test and causality test.The main contribution of this study are the empirical testing on the lingkage between tax revenue collection and economic activity and the policy implication of this study which in order to increase the tax revenue collection, government should formulate policy to increase production, investment and consumption because production, investment and consumption will increase tax base.


When a patient with a swallowed foreign body which has become lodged in the esophagus presents himself for treatment, the problem confronting the physician is fundamentally that of the precise technic of endoscopic removal of the object from the patient's food passage; peroral removal is indicated in every instance. With the entrance of the swallowed foreign body into the gastrointestinal tract, however, the problem becomes more complex and its solution depends upon a variety of factors. In certain cases peroral endo• scopy is the method of choice. In others the object may be removed . by laparotomy. In a large number conservative watchful waiting, in anticipation of spontaneous passage of the foreign body by bowel, is the wisest policy.


Herbage benefiting to the eco economy, grain production meeting the food demand, and the afforestation having the ecological function determine their roles and development orientation in the hilly agricultural eco nomy. Based on the regional ecological condition and the resources characteristics, the measures to improve the hilly eco environment should be multiply arranged by following the strategical rules and the technique requirements which are planting grass and trees sparsely, growing the crops and fruit trees in the terrace, rotationally cutting the grass, using the forest by rationally graziery, and making the soil and water conservation industrialization. Combination of eco environment construction and the economy development in the hilly area is the crucial way to realize the healthy development of agriculture and soil and water conservation.


An all-dielectric phase gradient metasurface is proposed, which consists of a periodic array of elliptical silicon nanopillars with a phase difference of $\pi$ on a quartz substrate. The polarization and transmission characteristics of the unit half-wave plate structure are comprehensively studied, and the simulation results show that its transmission efficiency in multiple communication frequency bands can reach 98%, and the polarization conversion efficiency can reach 90% $\sim$ 99%. Furthermore, we arrange the half-wave plates as a periodic integrated supercell array, which realizes the polarization conversion and spatial separation of the beams. he proposed all-dielectric metasurface offers a strategy for creating compact, integrated and high-performance plasmonic multifunctional devices.


OVERVIEW In this contribution, a synthesis of the recent results obtained in the frame of the ongoing European FP6 project FAR-Wake (Fundamental Research on Aircraft Wake Phenomena, 2005-2008), is presented. The main objective of this upstream research project is to gain better knowledge about open issues of vortex dynamics relevant to aircraft wakes, by investigating the following main topics, each treated in a separate work package: 1) the role of vortex instabilities on wake decay, 2) the influence of engine jets and of the turbulent wakes behind different aircraft components, and 3) the influence of ground effects, relevant for the wake evolution in the airport environment. The present paper deals with the first two topics, results from the work package on ground effects are shown in a different CEAS 2007 session on "Wake Vortex Advisory Systems".


Teacher qualifications are essential to be able to teach children with special needs efficiently. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the qualifications of subject teachers in special education schools in Turkey. In the study 20 subject teachers within the field of music, art and sports who worked in special education schools in Turkey participated. Qualitative research methods were used and the research data was collected using a semi-structured interview technique in the form of a questionnaire, collecting information about the teachers' knowledge on the field of special education, what problems they encounter and what needs they might have. The data was analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the subject teachers in this study do not possess adequate knowledge about the students' different disabilities and their characteristics. Beside the lack of knowledge the teachers also express a lack of tools, materials, and workshop rooms for art and music, a school gym, extra time, training, support services, in service programs, and collaboration with colleagues. Furthermore the teachers express insufficient qualifications in making lesson plans, teaching, assessing, managing the classroom, changing student behavior, and parent training. The teachers in the study expressed that the lack of training support and services, the lack of peer support and negative attitudes from colleagues and school administrators to subject teachers reduced their motivation and prevented them from teaching efficiently. All in all the lack in requirements can be divided into three respective ranking areas 1) teacher knowledge, 2) classroom materials, tools and equipment and 3) training, management and peer support. Even though the subject teachers express a seeking for support, the inadequate fulfillment of the requirements within the areas as mentioned above affect the teaching negatively and prevent the subject teachers from teaching children with special needs efficiently.


Bullying, relational aggression, power plays, and interpersonal stress are part of modern nursing's landscape. Perhaps, these phenomena are a reflection of the larger culture's glorification of interpersonal conflict through politics, reality TV, and motion pictures such as the "Mean Girls." Perhaps, these phenomena are the result of too little emphasis in nursing education on how to behave like a professional; how to follow a code of ethics that includes caring for colleagues as well as patients. However, I believe that there is a simpler explanation for rampant negativity in the culture of nursing—the fading of an ethos of personal responsibility and self-care, 2 pillars of the holistic lifestyle. Consider this story! A small faction of nursing staff had formed to advance the cause of "their candidate" to emerge as the new unit manager. Soliciting staff to speak against the nurse manager was focused and systematic. Members of the faction took different approaches—some solicited support for their candidate by demeaning the work, the age, or the ethnic background of the current manager. Others recommended leaving anonymous, negative messages about the current manager in the administration's WebBox with the hope of provoking a change. Many staff members succumbed to the pressure of the faction and participated in the negative campaign, some willingly and some reluctantly. Not Libby—she took a very different stand. When approached, Libby dispassionately asked a series of questions. "What evidence exist that the current manager is not doing a good job? Has unit turnover been higher on our unit than others? And what about patient satisfaction, is it low on our unit compared with others?" The faction member was taken aback and responded with sweeping generalities; "It is a new day! We deserve new leadership. We are a different generation of nurses than our current unit manager." Libby was not buying the arguments. In fact, she said,


Let n be a non-negative integer and k be a positive integer. A digraph D is said to have property Q(n, k) if every subset of n vertices of D is dominated by at least k other vertices. For q == 5 (mod 8) a prime power, we define the quadruple Payley digraph D~4) as follows. The vertices of D~4) are the elements of the finite field F q' Vertex a is joined to vertex b by an arc if and only if a b = y4 for some y E F q' In this paper, we show that for sufficiently large q, the digraph D~4) has property Q(n, k).


Laser ablation-molecular beam(LA-MB) is a useful method to study metal ion reacting with molecular clusters.Reactions of aluminum plasma with methanol clusters have been studied.A special designed reaction cell is used as a fast flow reactor operated under thermal condition and the reaction products are measured with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer.Several series cluster ions such as Al+(CH3OH)n,H+(CH3OH)n,H+(H2O)m(CH3OH)n,and H+O(CH3)2(CH3OH)n have been observed when the laser ablating at different part of the molecular beam.The formation mechanisms are discussed combined with cluster ions speeds characteristics.


Today, Organizations should be equipped with flexibility in order to cope with rapidly changing environment in management. By doing so, they are able to grow and obtain their superior competitiveness in highly developed economic arena. Recently, Enterprise Architecture is actively constructed to perform such a change flexibly. In this regard, it is crucial to figure out some risk factors for the organizations that place an order. Besides, it is also important to find out the quality of EA and some risk factors caused by the organizations that receive an order. Lastly, it is absolutely important to verify the relationship between such factors and outcomes of EA. In this aspect, this study will verify risk factors made by the former organizations and investigate the quality of EA and its outcome by proving the said relationship. In doing so, it will suggest an appropriate direction for the companies that will build up or perform EA successfully.


In this thesis, the limitations of the economic evaluation in the railway feasibility study are analyzed and proposed. Based on the analysis of the limitations of the economic evaluation, a new method--the multiple objective decision making method for evaluating railway schemes based on the Grey and Fuzzy Sets Theory is put forward, which means combining various methods into one, and a corresponding model is set up, according to the analytical results from the application of various indexes to evaluation methods of railway schemes and by applying the principle of multiple objective decision making and revolving around the solution of such problem. Also its application software is introduced. Finally, taking the synthetic evaluation of line schemes applied to one express railway passage for example, the results from such experiment can prove that the decision making model put forward in this thesis can be applied to help economic evaluation to get a rather comprehensive assessment results so as to overcome the limitations of the economic assessment, and it is a new and effective method for the railway synthetic evaluation and protfolio decision making.


The determination of resistance reduction factors to account for material variability in the development of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) codes depends on the statistics of the materials involved. This paper summarizes the results of a statistical analysis on steam-cured plant-produced high strength concrete in compression based on 399 specimens obtained from concrete producers in Pennsylvania. The seasonal effect on the mean-to-nominal ratio, coefficient of variation, and probability distribution shape is also considered. Statistics on cylinder strengths are used to predict the variability of in-situ concrete. The results of the analysis show that high strength concrete has superior statistical properties compared to conventional concrete due to better quality control measures. The study will help code developers and engineers in the generation of probabilistic resistance models for structures made with high strength concrete.


This paper proposes and investigates a new cost function used in coupling ma- trix synthesis. In this method fllter scattering characteristics are transformed with the use of Daubechies D4 transform, and then compressed. The cost function is deflned as Euclidean distance between compressed D4 template re∞ection and transmission characteristics and the compressed D4 characteristics resulting from the optimized coupling matrix. The important fea- ture of this method is that there is no need to represent fllter characteristics in an analytical form (e.g., with the use of total least squares method). The optimization experiments show the performance of the proposed cost function in comparison to the ones already known.


Fibonacci numbers, Fibonacci polynomials in one variable, namely Catalan polynomials and Jacobsthal polynomials are recently generalized by the authors to two variables in the form of hybrid Fibonacci polynomials which exhibit many interesting combinatorial properties useful for research workers in combinatorics. In the present paper, two variable Lucas polynomials corresponding to two variable hybrid
Fibonacci polynomials are defined and studied their combinatorial properties.


Recourse to welding for the repair or strengthening of existing metal structures calls for an adequate knowledge of the material of which the frame is built. Depending on when the structure was built, this can be iron, cast iron, puddled iron or steel. This article examines the conditions of weldability of puddled iron, in which there subsist many structures of varying size, both road and railway bridges. The bibliographical synthesis of examples of the repair or strengthening of different structures by welding, together with the examination of metallurgical and operational conditions of weldability, make it possible to establish recommendations applicable to the performance of this work.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of total phenolic compounds in Leontopodium leontopodioides extracts by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.Methods Use the major constituent 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid as reference substance,make color by adding potassium ferricyanide and chloride ferric,determine the absorption value at the wavelength of 750 nm to calculate the contents of total phenolic compounds in L.leontopodioides extracts.Results The linear range was 1.59~9.56 μg?mL-1(r2 = 0.998 6,n=6),the average recovery was 100.6 %,RSD = 2.57 %(n=5).Conclusion The analysis method was proved to be simple,accurate,and stable for determination of total phenolic compounds in L.leontopodioides extracts.


ABSTRACT Comprehensive performance evaluation is a fundamental part of the design and operation optimization of distributed integrated energy systems (IES), and the evaluation is currently focused on three types of elements: economic, energy efficiency and environmental protection. In this paper, energy use quality elements are proposed from the high energy supply requirements of users for distributed IES and characterized by the supply-demand imbalance rate indicator. Then the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the information entropy method are combined to form a combined evaluation method by weighing the subjective and objective methods. The comprehensive performance evaluation of distributed IES with nine indicators considering four elements of economy, energy efficiency, environmental protection and energy use quality is realized. The feasibility and validity of the proposed indicators and the difference between the proposed combination method and the existing combination method are verified by the calculation examples. In the single-objective optimization with optimal energy use quality, the supply-demand imbalance rates for heat and cold are −0.05 and −0.035, respectively, which are the best among the five optimization schemes and fully guarantee the stability and quality of energy supply. However, its CO2 emission of 5738.91 (t/year) shows that this indicator is not suitable for the limitation of single-objective optimization, and it would be more suitable for comprehensive optimization with the above three indicators. The weights of operation cost, heat and cold supply-demand imbalance in the AHP method are 0.2247,0.0539,0.0539. The corresponding weights in the information entropy method are 0.0930,0.1670,0.1864. The corrected values are 0.1999, 0.0861, 0.0961. The results show the corrective effect of the information entropy method on the AHP. In addition, the combination method proposed in this paper corrects the configuration cost term to 0.2032, which is larger than both 0.1588 in the AHP method and 0.1388 in the information entropy method, highlighting the difference from existing combination methods. The above data show that the comprehensive evaluation by the AHP-information entropy method can effectively consider the four elements' role. It provides a new idea for the research on the impact of distributed IES energy storage on the energy use quality of the system and the construction and operation optimization of the comprehensive performance evaluation indicator of the system.


We propose ViDeNN: a CNN for Video Denoising without prior knowledge on the noise distribution (blind denoising). The CNN architecture uses a combination of spatial and temporal filtering, learning to spatially denoise the frames first and at the same time how to combine their temporal information, handling objects motion, brightness changes, low-light conditions and temporal inconsistencies. We demonstrate the importance of the data used for CNNs training, creating for this purpose a specific dataset for low-light conditions. We test ViDeNN on common benchmarks and on self-collected data, achieving good results comparable with the state-of-the-art.


The reforms of property right of water conservancy supply policy bases for private investment in water conservancy construction;The classification of assets property also supplies theoretic bases for it;The opening of water market helps water price reflecting its value;The improvement of other investment environment guarantees good service.All these factors make BOT application to water projects very possible.The active effects of government on land use,law perfecting etc.are helpful to ensure rational benefits of investers.


In this paper we present the first deterministic polynomial time algorithm for detecting the existence of Hamiltonian cycles and finding a Hamiltonian cycle in general graphs. Our algorithm can also solve the Hamiltonian path problem in traceable graphs. Besides, our algorithm can deal with the finite general graphs including undirected, directed, and mixed. To achieve the results presented in this paper we construct the related path hologram transformed from the original graph and compute the path set of every vertex in the path hologram with dynamic programming. The path hologram is a multi-segment graph with the vertex < u , k > where u is a vertex in the original graph and k is the segment level of u in the path hologram. The path set of the vertex < u , k > is a collection of segment sets consisting of all the vertices located on the same segment level among all the longest basic paths from the initial vertex S or any vertex on segment level j , where 1≤ j ≤ k -1, to the vertex < u , k > in the path hologram. The key strategy of our method is the † consecutive † deleting-replenishing operations recursively on the left/right action field of † invalid † vertices, respectively. This strategy will ensure that a Hamiltonian cycle can be found in deterministic polynomial time at each step in Backward Searches and all illegal path fragments cannot be visited. The space our space be


Alloying is widely applied to tailor properties of 2D materials. Herein, a space‐confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy to homogeneously grow 100 μm‐sized monolayer 1T'‐MoTe2 in batches is developed. Aberration‐corrected annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory calculations is applied to investigate the atomic structural alteration of 1T'‐MoTe2 alloyed with sulfur. 1T'‐to‐2H phase transition is observed, triggered by both thermodynamic (stability improvement) and kinetic (phase transition barrier reduction) reasons. The alloying degrees of MoS2xTe2(1−x) grown at different temperatures display homophilic and random configurations, respectively, providing a feasible approach to tailor the atomic mixture of the alloying elements. The intralayer reconstruction and the interlayer displacement take place as defect concentration increases at elevated alloying temperatures. In contrast, 1T'‐MoTe2 displays high susceptibility in the presence of oxygen. An encapsulation method is developed using CVD‐grown monolayer MoS2, extending the lifetime of monolayer tellurides from several minutes to at least 24 h. These results gain fundamental insights into the structural change in both the beneficial (sulfurization) and detrimental (oxidation) alloying processes of atomically thin 1T'‐MoTe2 and provide a new degree of freedom for the controllable growth of 2D alloys (i.e., tailoring the alloying degree).


In the Black River Regulating District the systematic measurement of the quantity of water stored on the ground in the form of snow was begun in 1926, though occasional measurements had been made at earlier dates. The Hudson River Regulating District joined in the work in 1950, and the Utica Gas and Electric Company and the New York Power and Light Company in 1931. The data thus far obtained on somewhat limited areas indicated the need of a more extended survey covering, if possible, the entire Adirondack Plateau.

A conference of interested parties was held in the early summer, at which representatives of the United States Geological Survey, the State Department of Public Works, the Black River Regulating District, the Hudson River Regulating District, the Utica Gas and Electric Company, the New York Power and Light Company, and the Associated Gas and Electric System were present. It was agreed that the entire region would be covered in future surveys, and each participating party would cover the territory in which his own organization was most directly interested. It was also agreed that all parties should use uniform equipment and notebooks and that uniform methods of work should be followed. It was arranged that surveys should be made about January 1, February 1, March 1, and the latter part of March.


This document presents a summary of the strategy used to create mask files for WFC3 IR ground test images. Data from the IR detector is unique in that it is collected in "multiaccum" mode, i.e. a ramp of non-destructive readouts collected for each observation. This provides information on the signal rate in each pixel over the course of the observation, allowing application of a more sophisticated technique to identify bad pixels. Introduction In the multiaccum method of data acquisition used in the WFC3-IR channel, each ramp of data is composed of a number of non-destructive reads. As a result, it is possible to monitor the rate of signal generation in each pixel of the detector. Cosmic ray events are then identified by searching for anomalous signal changes across the reads of a given ramp. Depending on the magnitude of the anomaly, and on the stability of the detector, different methods can be used to identify spurious events, and possibly correct the ramps. In this document, we describe two methods. They have been implemented in IDL and applied on data taken at the Detector Characterization Laboratory (DCL) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) on the infrared detectors FPA32, FPA45, FPA50, and FPA58. FPA32, and to a lesser extent, FPA58, are relatively stable and straightforward to mask. FPA45 and FPA50 are highly unstable detectors, making effective masking a challenging task: one needs to move away from the method of iterative sigma-clipping in order to identify bad pixels. In this traditional method of masking, all pixels with values outside a given threshold from the mean are marked as bad. The remaining pixels are then used to calculate a new mean and threshold, and the process is repeated. We show that this Copyright© 1999 The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Instrument Science Report WFC3 2003-06 method is not effective at identifying all cosmic ray events on those WFC3 IR FPAs that exhibit instabilities in their dark current. Instead, we have developed a 4-step method capable of removing all bad pixels and increasing the accuracy of subsequent calculations. Masking Procedure Our method used for producing masks for WFC3-IR data consists of four steps. The first step involves the identification and repair of "glitches" in the data. The remaining steps identify bad pixels through comparisons with the mean and standard deviation of the entire pixel population. Step One: De-glitching The first step in creating a suitable mask for WFC3-IR data is a preliminary correction that needs to be applied to the raw data, in order to make the subsequent masking more effective. This correction step involves the identification and repair of sporadic "glitches" seen in the data, that can be attributed to cosmic rays. A plot of the signal in a pixel affected by one of these glitches is shown in Figure 1. The signal is initially collected at a fairly constant rate. The glitch then appears as a sudden jump between two consecutive reads, followed by a return to the initial rate. In WFC3-IR ground-based data, glitches can have a wide range of intensity. They can be very small and in certain cases, even negative, with the pixel suddenly losing some amount of accumulated signal between consecutive reads. In several test cases, the jumps were small enough that they were not identified through traditional masking methods such as sigma-clipping, or the new masking method described in the following sections. Therefore, special steps need to be taken in order to identify and fix them. We identify glitches through an iterative algorithm. First, the rate of signal generation for a given pixel is found using all the reads of the ramp. All points falling more than a given distance from the mean signal rate are identified. The point with the largest discrepancy from the mean is treated first. If it is a cosmic ray event, all reads subsequent to the corresponding read will have systematically either too much, or too little signal. Using the mean signal rate (from all reads except that containing the glitch), the signals of these post-glitch reads can be corrected to where they would have been without the glitch. An updated mean signal rate for the pixel over the entire ramp is then calculated, and a secondary correction to the post-glitch signal levels is made. This is due to the fact that the initial correction was made based on a mean signal level which included the glitch. The process is then repeated on the same pixel with the new signals, until the signal rate between each read is within the specified distance from the mean. To date, no pixel has yet been observed with more than one glitch per ramp. The results of the correction can be seen again in Figure 1.


Intelligent electronic equipment and automation network are the brain of high-technology energy management systems in the critical role of smart homes dominance. The smart home is a technology integration for greater comfort, autonomy, reduced cost as well as energy saving. In this paper, a system which can automatically recognize home appliances and based on a dataset of electric consumption profiles is proposed. The dataset ACS-F1 (Appliance Consumption Signature Fribourg 1) available online and containing 100 appliances signatures in XML (Extensible Markup Language) format is used for that purpose. A new format for this dataset is created as it makes easier to implement directly machine learning algorithm such as K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbors), Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron in the feature space between the test object and the training examples. In order to optimize the classification algorithm accuracy, we propose to use a moving average function for reducing the random variations in the observations. Using this technique indeed allows the structure of the underlying causal processes to be better exposed. Moving average is widely used in trading algorithm to predict the future price movements based on identifying patterns in prices, volume and other market statistics. Recognition results using K-NN based machine learning are provided to show the impact of the number and the type of electrical signatures. In the best case an accuracy rate of 89.1% and 99.1% is obtained using K-NN, without and with moving average respectively. Our approach is compared with another data preparation technique based on dynamical coefficient and used to optimize the K-NN classifier as well. Finally, our approach based on moving average is also evaluated with Random Forest (99%) and Multilayer Perceptron (98.8%) classification algorithms for the best electrical signature obtained with K-NN.


High performance liquid chromatography was adopted to develop the fingerprint of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture.In this study the technique of projection discriminance based on principal component analysis(PCA) and cluster analysis was applied to investigate the experimental data.The results showed that there was obvious difference among the Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture samples produced by different manufacturers.The technique of projection discriminance based on principal component analysis(PCA) and cluster analysis can be correctly used to distinguish the classes of different samples,which established a method to distinguish Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture produced by different manufacturers,and the method developed can be effectively used to control the quality of traditional Chinese medicine Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture.


The Cover picture shows the chemical structure of tannic acid (a naturally occurring polyphenol) being used as a catalyst component of a highly effective, binary organocatalyst for the formation of organic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 . This organocatalyst proved to be highly active at low catalyst concentrations and resulted in initial catalyst turnover frequencies of >200 h(-1) , thus being rather competitive compared with most of the reported metal-based systems. Using this type of polyphenols as effective catalyst components (representing cheap, renewable, and accessible scaffolds) holds great promise for devising new and improved catalytic processes for CO2 conversion. Thereby, the overall sustainability can be increased and practical, metal-free catalysts could be identified. More details can be found in the Full Paper by A. W. Kleij et al. on page 3248 in Issue 19, 2015 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500710).


In this paper we proposed multi-directional matching windows combined by multi-dimensional feature vector matching, which uses not only intensity values but also multiple feature values, such as variance, first and second derivative of pixels. Multi-dimensional feature vector matching has the advantage of compensating the drawbacks of area-based stereo matching using one feature value, such as intensity. We define matching cost of a pixel by the minimum value among eight multi-dimensional feature vector distances of the pixels expanded in eight directions having the interval of 45 degrees. As best stereo matches, we determine the two points with the minimum matching cost within the disparity range. In the experiment we used aerial imagery and IKONOS satellite imagery and obtained more accurate matching results than that of conventional matching method.


The drawbacks of the current centralized energy market render it necessary that a decentralized architecture - consisting of entities such as microgrids, utility companies, financial institutions, ...


The study sought to evaluate the implementation of the 2003 National Gender Policy in teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe. A survey design was employed. Five teacher education colleges inclusive of their principals, 16 Heads of Departments and 10 Student Representative Committee members constituted the study sample. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Principals, Heads of Departments and Student Representative Council members responded to the questionnaires. 15 of these respondents were also interviewed. Findings revealed that teacher education colleges do not have own college gender policies, had not engendered their curricula as well as their budgets. Female students far outnumbered male students. Males dominated decision- making positions at student, lecturer and non-lecturing levels. The study concluded that teacher education colleges as part of the education and training sector had not fully implemented the National Gender Policy. It is recommended that the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education through teacher education colleges should gender mainstream all their policies, programmes and activities.


In the very early developments of quantitative geography, statistical techniques were
invariably applied at a 'global' level, where moments or relationships were assumed constant
across the study region (Fotheringham and Brunsdon, 1999). However, the world is not an
"average" space but full of variations and as such, statistical techniques need to account for
different forms of spatial heterogeneity or non-stationarity (Goodchild, 2004). Consequently,
a number of local methods were developed, many of which model non- stationarity
relationships via some regression adaptation. Examples include: the expansion method
(Casetti, 1972), random coefficient modelling (Swamy et al., 1988), multilevel modelling
(Duncan and Jones, 2000) and space varying parameter models (Assuncao, 2003).
One such localised regression, geographically weighted regression (GWR) (Brunsdon et
al., 1996) has become increasingly popular and has been broadly applied in many disciplines
outside of its quantitative geography roots. This includes: regional economics, urban and
regional analysis, sociology and ecology. There are several toolkits available for applying
GWR, such as GWR3.x (Charlton et al., 2007); GWR 4.0 (Nakaya et al., 2009); the GWR
toolkit in ArcGIS (ESRI, 2009); the R packages spgwr (Bivand and Yu, 2006) and gwrr
(Wheeler, 2011); and STIS (Arbor, 2010). Most focus on the fundamental functions of GWR
or some specific issue - for example, gwrr provides tools to diagnose collinearity.
As a major extension, we report in this paper the development an integrated framework for
handling spatially varying structures, via a wide range of geographically weighted (GW)
models, not just GWR. All functions are included in an R package named GWmodel, which
is also mirrored with a set of GW modelling tools for ESRI's ArcGIS written in Python.


Well-hidden beneath the umbo of heterodont bivalves, a sack-like boring is etched into the two hinge plates of the opposed valves. The boring is abundant, occurs in numerous host species, ranges from Eocene to today and appears to have worldwide occurrence. The trace fossil is named Umbichnus inopinatus nov. igen. et isp. The nature of the tracemaker remains unknown. The possibility that the structure is a dissolution pit produced by the bivalve itself is discussed.


To examine the effects of longitudinal changes in fat mass or lean body mass on risk of Type 2 diabetes in Korean adults.


There is increasing evidence that earthquakes produce electromagnetic signals observable at the surface in the extremely low to very low freqency (ELF VLF) range often in advance to the main event. These precursors are candidates for prediction purposes. Laboratory experiments confirm that material under load emits an electromagnetic signature, the detailed generation mechanisms however are not well understood yet. Keywords—Earthquakes, ELF, EM signals from material under load, signal propagation in conductors.


Objective To understand the surveillance about disinfection quality of catering utensils in Dabu county and find out the problems that exist and take a series of effective measures for health supervision works. Methods We collected and tested the samples by using rapid detection of coli group and evaluated them according to "GB/T14934-94 sanitary standards of catering utensils". Results During 2007 to 2009,a total of 10,860 drinkwares and tablewares were monitored,with 9205 samples qualified and the total pass rate was 76.82%.The pass rate of each year was 86.73%,86.37% and 81.93%,respectively,with a declined tendency year by year. The pass rate of large and mediumsized restaurants was among the highest,up to 95.52%,and the next was the small restaurants (79.6%) and the final was the students dining hall (78.5%). Conclusion The disinfection quality of Dabu catering utensils is not satisfactory and more disinfection knowledge training and surpervision management should be needed,especially for small restaurants and students dining halls.


We give new characterizations of minimal cusco maps in the class of all set-valued maps extending results from [BZ1] and [GM].


Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify the similarity and difference between three layouts created by the same technical specifications in order to study the design parameters, which may be inaccessible to the designer without the syntactic analysis.Methodology/approach: Different approaches are considered in relation to space as an integral structure. Entropy and integration are used for the syntactic analysis, and j-graph is used for the stepwise depth analysis. Investigated are different works, and the precise mathematical tools for the analysis of the planning structure are chosen. The paper proposes the criteria evaluation of the effectiveness of each planning structure. A graph-analytic model is created.Research findings: The method of parsing is explained in detail, with the selection of tools and spatial values that are appropriate for the objects in question. Criteria and conditions for evaluating the planning structure effectiveness are described. A further vector of work is outlined and the potential of syntactic analysis as a method of pre-project evaluation of work is shown.Originality: The paper proposes the criteria evaluation of the planning structure effectiveness. A graph-analytic model is created.


Retail clinic growth during the recession wasn't enough to prop up the healthcare industry as a whole, according to a recent report. See who got a slice of the diminishing pie.


This document describes URN namespaces that will identify various
objects within the EPCglobal system for identifying products within
ecommerce and supply chain management applications. This memo provides
information for the Internet community.