Abstract This study examines the economic feasibility of improved storages and the potential impacts of using them on household food security and income. Moreover, it tests whether storage losses can induce early sale of households maize produce. We used data from on-farm experiment, household survey, and secondary sources. We considered Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, metallic silos, and polypropylene bags (control). Results show that PICS bags are profitable when the grain is sold during the lean season. However, the economic feasibility of metallic silos depends on the size of the storages and location i.e. silos of 1.5t and 2t storage capacities are feasible in some districts while lower size silos are not feasible in all locations. Storing maize using PICS bags will enhance household food security, especially among net-buyer farm households enabling them to reduce their annual grain deficit period by three to four weeks. Moreover, market-oriented storage using the improved storage options can increase farmers income substantially. Our results do not justify that the sell low, buy high situation observed among smallholder farmers is caused by high grain losses due to storage insect pests. Keywords: Maize, PICS bags, metallic silos, price seasonality, potential impact, Tanzania Acknowledgement : The authors are grateful to USAID/FtF Initiative for its financial support.


This paper presents the Trimming Technique™, an alternative to standard methods for improving manufacturing processes. The basic goal of this method is to reduce the number of necessary manufacturing operations by eliminating carefully selected operations. The functions of the eliminated operations are then redistributed among the remaining operations. The Trimming Technique™ includes function analysis of the manufacturing process and iterative procedures for eliminating operations according to sets of conditions that are specific to each type of operation. The Technique is implemented in TechOptimizer™, a computer-aided invention software package developed by Invention Machine Corporation. The application of the Trimming Technique is demonstrated by a specific example — a process for the manufacture of crystalline soap.


With the development of communications and transportations,the vehicle tracking and monitoring has become more and more important in logistic service,and the vehicle monitoring system based on GPS plays an even more important role.The vehicle Location terminal mostly use GPS technology in positioning,and however,there also exist defects of multiple blind spots in GPS postioning,while the GSM pstitioning could be able to remedy its defects of multiple blind spots,thus raising the accuracy of positioning.This paper describes the composition and working principle of the monitor system.This system could provide various functions,including vehicle location,tracking,monitoring,and guard-against-theft alarm.


Alloparental care, where foster parents feed or defend foreign nestlings, has been reported in many bird species (Riedman 1982). This seemingly altruistic behaviour does not show a uniform pattern among bird groups, and has different interpretations according to when the adoption takes place, and whether the young are precocial, semiprecocial or altricial (e.g. Pierrotti 1991, Choudhury et al . 1993, Redondo et al . 1995, Brown 1998).


This study surveyed 289 alumni of a specialized Title IV-E program that prepares undergraduate social work students for careers in public child welfare, examining factors such as turnover rates, adherence to strengths-based practice principles, perceptions of work conditions, and intent to stay. Findings indicate that graduates of this program were less likely than other caseworkers to leave their positions. Most maintained adherence to strengths-based practice principles, reported satisfaction with the work, felt supported by colleagues, and intended to stay in the field of child welfare. Based on alumni comments, ways that agencies can retain such workers are suggested.


Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) has become a significant public health problem and patients with MS are at higher risk for developing renal diseases. Serum Cystatin C suggested as a sensitive endogenous marker than creatinine for slight changes in GFR could be useful marker in MS.Methods: A total of 200 subjects were included. New International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition of MS was used as inclusion criteria. Patients excluded were those with hypo/hyperthyroidism, on glucocorticoids, statins and fibrate, malignancy, cirrhosis, active liver disease and conditions affecting abdominal girth. Serum Cystatin C, insulin, creatinine, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose, Urinary microalbumin and Urinary creatinine were estimated by standard method.eGFR and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) were calculated. The primary outcome assessed was the occurrence of early nephropathy in MS and the secondary outcome included evaluation of early nephropathy by serum Cystatin C and eGFR. Appropriate statistical test was applied by using SPSS Version 21 software.Results: Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance were significantly raised in MS cases. eGFR (MDRD) was lower in the MS cases (72.59±8.79mL/min/1.73m2) vs non-MS (130.34±40.75 mL/min/1.73m). Urinary microalbumin levels and serum cystatin C were significantly increased in MS and the cystatin c levels showed significant positive correlation with urinary microalbumin and negative correlation with eGFR.eGFR was found to be lower in the microalbuminuric than normoalbuminuric groups.Conclusions: Serum Cystatin C levels are higher in MS and can be useful, practical, non-invasive biomarker for evaluation of early renal involvement in MS.


Tumours of the thymus gland have a limited evidence base due to their low incidence rate. The Masaoka-Koga staging system has been known as the strongest prognostic indicator for both survival and recurrence of thymic tumours but there is no standardised way to assess clinical staging in pre-operative images. As appropriate staging can influence patients' need for adjuvant therapy, it is important to evaluate if current imaging can accurately predict post-operative staging. This was a retrospective study comparing the pre-operative radiological staging and post-operative pathological staging of 34 patients. This was conducted at the Golden Jubilee National Hospital between March 2013 and October 2016. A Kappa statistic was used to evaluate agreement between the assessments. 61.8% (21 out of 34) of the CT stages agreed with the pathology stages: 78.6% (11 out of 14) in stage I; 41.7% (5 out of 12) in stage II; 40% (2 out of 5) in stage III; and 100% (3 out of 3) in stage IV. There was moderate agreement between the preoperative CT assessment and the post-operative pathological staging (kappa coefficient = 0.42, p value < 0.01). With further analysis of a larger sample size it could be concluded that radiological staging of thymic tumours before surgery is quite accurate but requires standardisation and utilisation of other imaging techniques to ensure appropriate levels of care.


Human reasoning about non-trivial real world problems is a complex activity that frequently incorporates multiple reasoning strategies, concerning multiple domain knowledge which may be perceived as having different structures. The paper proposes the use of the "smart object paradigm" for the design of complex knowledge based systems. The paradigm provides mechanisms for both hybrid knowledge representation and multiple inference strategies. Central to the paradigm is the concept of "smart objects", engineered artifacts that combine a high level object structure with a rule based lower level language. The concept of smart object was developed using criteria that evolved in the course of development of a large, complex knowledge based system. We present these criteria as desirable characteristics for KRs in general, and use them to evaluate traditional KRs and smart objects. An overview of a prototype KBS implemented using the smart object paradigm makes its benefits concrete.<<ETX>>


Relentless endeavors have been committed to seeking simple structure-directing agents for synthesizing hierarchical mesoporous silica (HMS) materials but remaining challenges. In this contribution, we offered an improved one-pot hydrothermal route to prepare HMS materials using a single non-ionic triblock copolymer (F127) structure-directing agent under a mild polycarboxylic (citric acid) mediated condition. Via studies of key synthetic parameters including acid concentration, crystallization temperature and aging time, it was found that citric acid medium presents an important bridging effect under the optimal concentration from 0.018 M (pH = 2.57) to 1.82 M (pH = 1.09), contributing to the self-assemblage of partially protonated non-ionic triblock copolymer and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) into a high-quality multistage structure of silica materials. The specific surface area (SSA) of HMS shows a volcanic trend and is closely associated with the concentration of citric acid while the highest SSA of 739.9 m2/g can be achieved at the citric concentration of 0.28 M. Moreover, the as-synthesized HMS-CTA supported Ni/CeO2 catalysts indicate an excellent production of hydrogen through dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction over 172 h stability. The improved, facile synthesis strategy under polycarboxylic medium displays an expanded perspective for synthesizing other mesoporous materials in a wide range of applications such as catalytic material carriers and drug inhibitors.


An end-to-end process to achieve a complete framework methodology for Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) growth prediction is crucial for water management, especially in implementing robust predictive modelling of HAB to prevent water pollution. Previous works have separately focused on the prediction part or the implementation of the water monitoring system that involves the integration of sensors through the Internet of Things (IoT). These studies lack in terms of discussion of both IoT with the algae ecological domain and prediction method. Therefore, this paper takes the initiative to provide a wider coverage on the end-to-end process including the assembly and integration of sensors, data acquisition and predictive modelling using data-driven approaches, for example, machine learning, deep learning and deep time series forecasting algorithm for future algal bloom outbreak mitigation. This paper believes that discussion in a complete framework perspective based on the execution of each phase is important besides providing a true understanding of the algae growth factors and prediction problems to achieve a robust prediction algorithm for algal growth. In the end, this paper presents proof that selecting the right features and utilising time series with deep learning are much better for tackling the issues of highly non-linear and dynamic algae ecological data that are briefly introduced in this paper. Among all the algorithms selected, Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) is the best fit for the prediction method and has outperformed other basic machine learning methods in accurately predicting algal growth through the prediction of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) as a strong indicator of algal presence for coastal studies.


The anatase TiO2 single crystal exposed high-surface-energy facets have attracted much attention. However, the evolution mechanism and process of the high surface energy facets are still not clear. Here, based on the analysis of experimental results and theoretical calculation results, the evolution process and balanced coexistence for high-surface-energy TiO2 facets, such as {001} and {110} facets, was well explicated. Thus, this work will help for better understanding and controlling of the morphology of metal oxide crystals with different facets.


Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) scheme is the most commonly used algorithm for designing the controllers for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, tuning PID gains is a non trivial task. A number of methods have been developed for tuning the PID gains for UAV systems. However, these methods do not handle wind disturbances, which is a major concern for small UAVs. In this paper, we propose a new method for determining optimized PID gains in the ℋ2 optimal control framework, which achieves improved wind disturbance rejection. The proposed method compares the classical PID control law with the ℋ2 optimal controller to determine the ℋ2 optimal PID gains, and involves solving a convex optimization problem. The proposed controller is tested in two scenarios, namely, vertical velocity control, and vertical position control. The results are compared with the existing LQR based PID tuning method.


The article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of a process of formation and development of science as a form of social existence. Having focused attention on the main stages of this process, the author comes to the conclusion that science is not knowledge itself but the activity of society aimed at the production of knowledge, t.i. scientific production.


The Dairy Industry faces many challenges compared to other sectors. On the supply side due to the nature of the raw material, large inventories are not applied; during the manufacturing process, the continuous production is highly sensitive to any sort of unplanned disruption; and on the demand side, the market dictates the commodity prices. In response to the growth in competition, dairy organizations' strategy must incorporate technology into their daily processes in order to become more efficient, profitable and sustainable. To achieve desired levels of improvement, Modelling and Simulation has been increasing in popularity in the decision-making process. Using a Dairy company as a case study, this paper has highlighted the potential for Modelling and Simulation to be used as a powerful strategic tool for decision-making processes.


This paper carries on the research on the sports of middle school in the minority areas of Chongqing based on the background of teaching innovation. The result shows: special environment and laggard development of economy restrict the education development of the minority areas; it is imbalance in moral, intellectual and physical, teaching structure is not reasonable, quality of qualified teachers is still low, it is lack of teaching condition. Suggestions: 1) eliminate the imbalance of education; 2) enhance the whole level of qualified teachers; 3) improve teaching condition; 4) improve environment and condition of scientific research; 5) strengthen curriculum reform.


SCATTERING, DIFFRACTION and REFLECTION at an acoustical hard or soft obstacles affect the sound field in propagation. The scattering of sound waves on an acoustical hard cylinder was calculated analytically using a harmonic development according to Bessel functions, simulated with the finite element method (FEM) and measured in the Laboratory for Acoustic Modeling on a scaled level. A good agreement between all three results was found. Similarly, the diffraction of a sound pulse at an edge was analytically calculated using the theory of Biot, Tolstoy and Medwin (BTM) and simulated with an FEM model. These simulations and the room impulse response measured in the Laboratory also agree satisfactorily. For further measurements, the new Acoustic Scattering Model Test Stand (MPaS) can be used also for objects or sets of objects which no longer can be described analytically in an easy way. Likewise, measurements at diffraction edges and reflection planes are feasible. These can be compared with analytical solutions or at least with FEM simulations. Thus, the MPaS test stand provides an important tool for modeling the propagation of a sound field over obstacles, which makes it possible to construct e. g. optimized noise barrier attachments for roads in the future.


After inquiring into the essence of discourse rhetorical phenomenon,this paper put forward that the rhetoric essence is optimal, individual and new mode of thinking pattern, cognizant pattern, and the pattern to put the world in order. And further it is the optimal and individual existing pattern. Based on this conclusion, it is considered that rhetorical works are not only a form of discourse, but also include all substance forms that could be sensed outside the rhetorical thinking pattern. Action rhetoric should be a perspective realm of rhetorical research in the future. In view of this cognition, this paper advance and analyze the rhetorical works of action process and outcome.


Partial magnetization reversal on the perpendicular exchange-bias characteristics in the [Pd∕Co]×5∕FeMn bilayered and [Pd∕Co]×2∕Cu∕Co∕[Pd∕Co]×2∕FeMn spin valve thin films was investigated using laser. The hysteresis loops were measured using the extraordinary Hall effect and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). By increasing the output intensity of the laser, the exchange-bias fields in the [Pd∕Co]×5∕FeMn bilayered thin film were gradually changed from negative to positive. The distribution of partial magnetization reversal in the vicinity of the laser spot was measured by using MOKE. Although the magnetic moment of the pinned layer was gradually reversed by using laser annealing in the MOKE loops of the [Pd∕Co]×2∕Cu∕Co∕[Pd∕Co]×2∕FeMn spin valves' structure, that of the free layer was not changed. When the pattern size was decreased to 5×5μm2, the direction of exchange biasing was fully reversed through laser annealing without distorting the hysteresis loop. All the patterned samples below 100×100μm2 have ...


The morphology of aluminium powder has a great effect on the combustion performance of aluminized compositions.The thermal behavior and burning performance of Al/KClO4 composition which containes different types of aluminium powder were investigated by a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),and the thermal decomposition equations of crystal shape conversion,melting,interfacial liquid phase reaction,and gas phase oxidation reaction were concluded.The influence of morphology on combustion performance was studied from the aspect of decomposition temperature,combustion heat and rate,and the thermal decomposition mechanisms of compositions were concluded.The results shows that the dominant reaction of compositions was an interfacial oxidation reaction of atomic Al with molten KClO4.The fundamental factor which influences the combustion performance of compositions,was the variation of surface binding energy: The surface binding energy decreases with the increase in specific surface area and defects,and the corresponding performances macroscopically appear as low thermal decomposition temperature,quickly burning rates and strong heat effect.


A method to measure heats of formation of associated systems by Picker dynamic flow calorimeter has been proposed. The results of measurement with three donors lauryldimethyl amine (LDA), cetyldimethyl amine (CDA), tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) and two acceptors (n-propanol, n-butanol) with this method are presented


The study determined how the quality of marketable fruits of papaya (Carica. papaya) could be affected by pre-harvest water cooling treatment. Two different fruit shapes (oblong and oval) were harvested on the same day, in November 2010. Fruits were harvested from Edo State of Nigeria and transported by road to Minna, Niger State. The effect of pre-transport cooling on moisture loss; days to ripening and colour change; fruit aroma, fruit rot and firmness/ peelability of the pawpaw fruits were tested. Results showed that untreated fruits lost significantly more moisture than treated fruits. Shrinkage of the fruits began first in untreated fruits, then 2hrs. and finally 5hrs, cold water treated fruits. Oval shaped fruits were better than oblong fruits when fruit firmness/peelability was considered. Since postharvest cooling removes field heat in fruits, proper cooling should suppress enzymatic degradation, lower water loss in fruits thereby prolonging good fruit quality before arrival to consumers' tables. Key wards: Carica papaya, consuming public, Fruit rot, firmness/peelability


European Critical Infrastructures, as define in Green book (COM(2005) 576, November 2005), could include those physical resources, services, information technology facilities, networks and infrastructure assets, which, if disrupted or destroyed would have serious impacts on the health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of either Member States. Critical infrastructure can be damaged, destroyed or disrupted by deliberate acts of terrorism, natural disasters, negligence, accidents or computer hacking, criminal activity and malicious behavior. To save the lives and property of people at risk in the EU from terrorism, natural disasters and accidents, any disruptions or manipulations of CI should, to the extent possible, be brief, infrequent, manageable, geographically isolated and minimally detrimental to the welfare of the Member States, their citizens and the European Union.
The gas distribution network is a critical infrastructure and the damage or an accident can cause damage to structures and people. Similarly, the network is vulnerable because the lack of gas supply due to social and political problems, such as the Ukraine-Russia crisis or the recent political changes in Libya, may create inefficiencies.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and then estimate the risk assessment of this infrastructure, in particular the study will focus on the quantitative risk analysis (QRA).
In this thesis critical infrastructures studied are two: the Italian natural gas distribution network at high pressure and the hypothetic UK pipeline network of CO2 from Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS) processes. The work of CO2 network was conducted at Imperial College of London, in collaboration with Professor Sandro. Macchietto.
The networks studied are different because the transported substances produce different consequences: natural gas is a flammable, while CO2 is toxic material, at high concentrations leads to asphyxiation.
For natural gas network it was necessary to create a database with the data from different company that operate in this sector. The network was simulated with process simulator Aspen Plus ®, because data of pressure and flow rate of each section of network were missing and they required for the software of consequences calculation, PHAST. Thanks to the simulator it has been possible to study the vulnerability of the network in case of interruption of gas supply from other exporting countries, as ex Soviet countries and countries of North Africa, highlighting the dependence Italian by importing countries. The simulations have shown the important role of regasification terminals for liquefied natural gas (LNG), as they help to make independent a country .
Quantitative risk analysis due to accident was conducted following the methodology proposed in the literature, described in Chapter 1 and Chapter 4.Failure frequency and the consequences were assessed by literature data and methodologies that are based on the techniques of event tree.
The consequences estimation was perform with the software PHAST of DNV company.
The results of risk analysis is the determination of local risk and social risk. the social risk was calculated for a section of network, because the data of population density available were for Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Trentino Alto Adige regions.
Another case study of risk analysis of natural gas distribution network was conducted to off-shore LNG terminal. The LNG terminal analyzed is Floating Storage and Regasification Unit terminal (FSRU).
For the CO2 network the consequences of release were evaluated.
The results show that the proposed safety improvement are different for the two network types. The natural gas network is a network that is structured and then consolidated then the actions arising from risk will be mitigation and prevention actions. Considering the results obtained from the analysis of consequences of CO2 network, proximity of the network to population centers can produce injuries. Being a network proposal, the actions, that it can take, are to verify from technical and economic point of view, the shift of one or more parts of the network outside the areas whit high or medium density population. afterwards it is necessary to analyze the consequences associated with a release to see if the actions had improvements the safety.


The microstructure of resin-based cement materials is mostly composed of hybrid fillers. The improvement of chemicaland microstructure of resin-based cement materials decreased the degree of the surface roughness. Subgingival region is the area of the most common localization of the demarcation line. Such location of the demarcation zone does not allow a proper removal of the excess cement during cementing procedure of the fixed dental restorations. The most common problems occur during the removal procedures of resin-based cement materials which, after the polymerization, are not soluble in the sulcus fluid. The rough surface of the exposed cement materials represents predilection area for dental plaque accumulation with the possibility of causing gingivitis and parodontopathy. The aim of the study is to show the influence of methods used to remove the excess of resin-based cement materials on the roughness degree of the exposed surface. Within the experiment, the teeth with cemented ceramic crowns were observed. The removal procedure of the excess cement material was conducted in four different ways. The exposed surface of cement material was, after the polymerization, observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the analysis performed by using the SEM indicate various roughness degrees in the surface of the cement material. The lowest degree of roughness was observed on the polished surface. The highest degree of roughness was observed within the methods most commonly used in practice, such is breaking off of the excess cement after the roentgenoscopy for 5-second duration, followed by total light polymerization. On the basis of the analysis of the observed surfaces, it can be concluded that methods used to remove excess cement material significantly influence the degree of its surface roughness.


In recent years a wide interest has been spurred by the inverse design of artificial materials for nano-biophotonic applications. In particular, the extreme optical properties of artificial hyperbolic dispersion nanomaterials allowed to access new physical effects and mechanisms. The unbound isofrequency surfaces of hyperbolic metamaterials and metasurfaces allow to access virtually infinite photonic density of states, ultrahigh confinement of electromagnetic fields and anomalous wave propagation. Here, we report the most relevant physical properties of different hyperbolic dispersion material geometries and how they allow to control light-matter interaction at the single nanometer scale, in biological matter.


Synopsis: The present study was carried out to search for the possibility of the separate recovery of iron and phosphorus as gas from BOF slag by using graphite crucible or graphite powder with the presence of tin bath, which is considered to enhance the activity of phosphorus in iron reduced from slag or not to absorb the phosphorus vapor readily. When the slag was reduced by graphite crucible, being in contact wtih tin bath, the phosphorus reduced from slag was carried away by CO explosively generated on the reduction of iron oxide. When graphite powder was used as reductant instead, 78% of phosphorus was removed from slag, only 3% of which was absorbed into the tin bath and the rest left the system as gas. The extent of gaseous dephosphorization was observed to depend on the mode of contact between slag and reductant as well as the amount of the latter.


Background: Recognition of the importance of apoptosis in atherosclerosis could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at the reduction of apoptotic death. Many of the available therapeutic agents that have been shown to reduce the progression of the disease and the incidence or recurrence of acute coronary syndromes may have been active, at least in part, through reduction in apoptosis. Statins, antioxidants and thiazolidinediones are implicated in the amelioration of endothelial function, regulation of inflammatory status and downregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-apoptotic properties of current atherosclerosis therapeutics. Methods: A thorough enquiry in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and patent databases was carried out for important original and review articles in the field of vascular anti-apoptotic therapies. Results: Statins, antioxidants and other agents with nonspecific anti-apoptotic properties are effective in preventing adverse cardiovascular events. However, more research in the field of targeted anti-apoptotic therapies may revolutionize therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis.


New theoretical calculations are performed to investigate the Coulomb proximity and angular momentum effects on multifragmentation picture for84Kr+112,124 Sn collisions at an incident beam energy of 35 Me V/nucleon.Charge and isotopic distributions and the mean neutron-to-proton ratios of the fragments are reproduced within the microcanonical Markov chain calculations on the basis of Statistical Multifragmentation Model. It is shown that the Coulomb interactions and angular momentum effects are very important to reproduce isotopic composition of nuclear fragments in peripheral heavy-ion collisions at Fermi energies. Our results imply that it is possible to investigate in laboratories the modification of structure parameters of fragments, such as the symmetry energy coefficient, at subnuclear densities in dense environment of other species.


from coarse grained low carbon steel with different prestrains and then, their bake hardening (BH) property and internal friction determined. TeM was used to characterize the dislocation structure in BH treated samples. The measurements of internal friction in prestrained samples and baked samples were carried out using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus. The results indicate that, in coarse grained low carbon steel, the bake hardening properties (BH values) were negative, which were increased by increasing the prestrain from 2 to 5%, and then were decreased by increasing the prestrain from 5 to 10%. In the specimen with prestrain 5%, the BH value reached the maximum value and the height of Snoek-Köster peak was observed to be the maximum alike. With increasing the prestrain, both of the BH value and Snoek-Köster peak heights are similarly varied. It is concluded that Snoek-Köster and dislocation-enhanced Snoek peaks, caused by the interactions between interstitial solute carbon atoms and dislocations, can be used in further development of the bake hardening steels.


In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a user interface for SPICE, a web-based toolkit for rapid prototyping of speech and language processing components. We report on the challenges and experiences gathered from testing these tools in an advanced graduate hands-on course, in which we created speech recognition, speech synthesis, and smalldomain translation components for 10 different languages within only 6 weeks.


The use of a minute tracer dose combined with a long study period enable the tracer to fully equilibrate with its tracee without perturbing the body's steady state. Based on this principle, we aimed to quantify and interpret in vivo human metabolism of ingested natural‐source vitamin E in twelve healthy adults. Each subject ingested 1.811 nmol, 100 nCi of [5‐14CH3]‐RRR‐α‐tocopherol, then the 14C in urine and feces were followed over a 21 d period since the ingestion. The 14C in plasma and Red Blood Cells (RBC) were followed over a consecutive 70 d period. Urine, feces, plasma and RBC were also collected at 460 d after dosing. The mass balance and the true digestibility of 14C were 79.2 % (0–4 d) and 81.6% (4–21 d), respectively. A total of 4.3 % and 23.2 % of ingested 14C were eliminated in urine and feces, respectively, over 21 d. The remaining 73 % was still in the body on the 21st d after dosing. Plasma t1/2, 0–70 d and t1/2, 0–∞ were 7.3 d and 17.8 d, respectively. RBC t1/2, 0–70 d and t1/2, 0–∞ were 13.7 d and 81.6 d, respectively. The apparent digestibility of natural‐source vitamin E matched prior estimates and its true digestibility was reported for the first time. Plasma and RBC 14C half‐lives were longer than prior estimates due to the long sampling duration of the study design.


The relationship between the built environment and human behavior has been a topic of debate for decades, increasing significantly since the time of the industrial revolution. The latest arguments in this debate are the claims made by New Urbanists. New Urbanists claim to foster greater sense of community through the use of design. The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between the built environment and sense of community in order to identify which physical properties positively affect sense of community. This thesis not only examines the physical properties claimed to foster sense of community but the social variables that literature has found to also affect sense of community among residents. residents of four residential developments in the City of Arroyo Grande who were surveyed on their perceived sense of community. The residential developments The Village and Berry Gardens were selected as developments containing New Urbanist design elements. Rancho Grande and Oak Park Leisure Gardens were selected as traditional suburban developments. v The results of this study found two key findings. The Village and Berry Gardens, while containing similar spatial variables, found a noticeable difference in sense of community scores. Residents of The Village felt that their needs and wants were met, that they were active, satisfied members of their neighborhood, and shared an emotional connection with their fellow neighbors. Residents of Berry Gardens were overall less satisfied, less fulfilled, less active and shared less of an emotional connection with their fellow neighbors than all other developments. And while Rancho Grande and Oak Park Leisure Gardens contained noticeably distinct spatial variables, strikingly similar sense of community scores were found. Although Rancho Grande had a density of 2.5 dwelling units per acre and large setbacks its residents felt they could influence one another and belonged in the neighborhood to the same degree as residents of Oak Park Leisure Gardens with 9 dwelling units an acre and shallow setbacks. Based on the four sense of community indicators used (membership, integration and fulfillment of needs, influence, and shared emotional connection) the results show a lack of relationship between the spatial variables found in each residential development and the sense of community its residents have. The social variables, education, gender, age, and homogeneity, can account for the range of sense of community scores among physically similar developments as well as physically different. This implies that the built environment plays the role of …


: Healthy lifestyle behaviors reduce overall mortality from non-communicable disease. Physicians' health also influences patients' attitudes and motivation to adopt lifestyle changes. Between February 25 and April 5, 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 311 physicians in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, using a validated, web-based questionnaire. The prevalence of comorbidities follows: dyslipidemia (10.9%), hypertension (9.3 %), hereditary blood disorders (8.4%), diabetes (4.2 %). Thirty-three percent had normal BMI, 37% were overweight, and 21.9% were obese. About one-third reported 30 minutes exercise at least once during a regular week, and many reported poor nutritional habits. Also, 83.6% never smoked cigarettes. The mean number of hours slept daily was 6.3. The mean perceived stress level was 6.6/10. About one-half reported not wearing seatbelts while in cars. Overall, Saudi physicians have good health but must improve their health-related behaviors, including exercise, diet, sleep, and traffic safety


This study was carried out to determine the potential value of B‐mode ultrasonography in the identification and diagnosis of intratesticular disorders, information heretofore obtainable only through biopsy. Fifty‐nine cases have been examined to date. Fifty‐three were referred from an infertility clinic and include oligospermic and azoospermic subjects as well as individuals with normal semen analyses. There have been two hydroceles, two neoplasms, one abscess and one Klinefelter's syndrome. Our initial results indicate no difference between individuals with normal or subnormal semen quality with respect to the presence and pattern of internal testicular echoes. A characteristic echo pattern is obtained from the region of the rete testis but otherwise the testis remains echo‐free. The hydrocele, testicular abscess, and tumor had appearances distinctly different from the usual pattern. The technique affords an accurate measurement of testicular thickness and may have the potential for revealing early testicular neoplasms.


Bt cotton are plants that have been genetically modified to express the insecticidal proteins Cry 1 Ac from subspecies of the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bt), to control bollworm pest that feed on cotton. There is a persistent environmental concern that transgenic Bt-crops carry genes that have indirect undesirable effect to natural and agroecosystem function. We investigated the effect of Bt-cotton (with Cry 1 Ac gene) on several microbial and biochemical indicators in fields under sub-humid tropical condition. Twenty five fields were selected in the Vidarbha region, India, where Bt-cotton has been growing at least three consecutive years and side by side field of non-transgenic cotton is growing under clay to clay loam soil. Soil from a control (no-crop) treatment was also included from each area to compare the extent of adverse effect of Bt, if any. Samples were analyzed for actinobacteria, fungi and nitrifiers population, biomass carbon (MBC), biomass nitrogen (MBN), biomass phosphorus (MBP) and soil enzyme activities. The result revealed a significant decline in actinobacteria (17%), bacterial (14%) count as well as acid phosphatase (27%), phytase (18%), nitrogenase (23%) and dehydrogenase (12%) activities in Bt cotton compared with non-Bt cotton fields. Fungal and nitrifier counts, and esterase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not affected by the introduction of Bt-cotton in fields. However, significant decline between 8 and 9% in MBC and MBN was noticed.


Detrusor overactivity in patients with congenital myasthenia gravis is a rare finding. Owing to the underlying disease, anticholinergic treatment is not possible. We present the case of a 6-year-old child in whom a significant improvement was achieved by means of functional electrical stimulation.


Sentiment analysis in the minor languages, such as Slovak, using dictionary approach is a difficult task. It requires a lot of human effort and it is time-consuming to prepare a reliable source of information, especially good dictionary. We propose an approach which uses a biologically inspired algorithm to find optimal polarity values for sentimental words. It applies a swarm intelligence algorithms, standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bare-bones Particle Swarm Optimization (BBPSO), to replace a human annotator at the moment of dictionary creation. We created two dictionaries, which were annotated by the human annotator, PSO and BBPSO. These dictionaries were compared with the result that the versions annotated by PSO and BBPSO outperformed a human annotator. Then a combined approach was used to classify reviews that do not contain words from the dictionary. These reviews decrease the classification performance significantly. The combined approach implements machine learning method to build a model based on the reviews classified by the dictionary approach. The combined approach finally reduced a number of unclassified reviews from 18% and 40.2% to 0.3% and increased the macro-F1 measure from 0.694 and 0.495 to 0.865 and 0.841.


Background/aims To develop a clinically applicable, performance-based measure of the ability to perform visually related activities. Methods 99 patients with glaucoma and 21 subjects with a normal ocular examination completed a nine-item performance-based test (the Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (AARV)), received a standard ophthalmic clinical examination and answered the questions on the National Eye Institute's Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). All combinations of two, three or four items of the full nine-item AARV test were analysed, and their scores were compared with the full AARV scores and with clinical measures. Results The correlation of four items (detecting motion, reading signs, finding objects and navigating an obstacle course) reduced test time from 60±5 min to 14±4 min and yielded results highly related to the nine-item test, including maintaining the relationship with clinical measures and with the NEI-VFQ-25. Conclusion A compressed AARV correlates highly with the full test, with a method of evaluating quality of life, and with clinical measures, yet takes on average 14 min to perform. As such, it may provide a clinically useful method of evaluating the worsening effects of illness and the benefits of treatments that affect visual loss on the ability to perform visually related activities.


For an invention to sustain a valid patent, the invention must be objectively new, subjectively inventive, and industrially applicable. An invention is objectively new if, as of the date of filing of a patent application defining the invention, all elements or aspects of the invention have not been made available to the public, anywhere in the world, by means of publications, papers, patent applications, or commercial disclosures. If an invention is new, it must also be inventive, i.e. it must not be obvious or, conversely, it must contain an inventive step. The test whether a new concept is inventive and therefore qualifies, from a legal perspective, as an invention is as follows:


Suitability of leaves of horsebean seedling, cabbage, cole and paper strip as the oviposition substrata in mass rearing Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)were compared. Significant difference in egg-laying preference of the beetle was found among the four materials. The beetle most liked leaves of horsebean seedling and cabbage as the oviposition substrata, then paper strip, disliked cole. No significant difference was found in the number of eggs laid by per female and the hatching rate of eggs stored at (10±1)℃ among the three materials, leaves of horsebean seedling, cabbage and paper strip. Compared with leaves of horsebean seedling and cabbage, paper strip does not fade and can be easily made into egg cards, so it is recommended as the oviposition substrata for the commercial eggs. Besides, leaves of horsebean seedling and cabbage can be used as the oviposition substrata for reserving and propagating the beetle.


The paper discusses the relationship between patriarchy and formation of the Brazilian nation from a feminist perspective. From the works "Populacoes Meridionais do Brasil", by Oliveira Vianna e "Raizes do Brasil", by Sergio Buarque de Holanda, I question the reference to the concept of patriarchy, bringing  to the debate on the formation of Brazil the underlying asymmetric relations between men and women brought by such a concept. This approach allows for further discussion on the relationship between public and private spheres and the nation's formation, going beyond the criticism of the overlapping of public and private realms, present on Brazilian social thought patriarchal domination analysis.


The paper recalled the practice of ancient books full-text database.Standards and evaluation studies of ancient books full-text database will be conducive to the building of ancient books digitization.Standards and norms on ancient books full-text database are put forward through an analysis of Chinese Classic Ancient Books Database.


Considering quantum detection, there are two different ways to make a measurement on signals set. One is minimum error discrimination and another is unambiguous states discrimination. In this work, we study the unambiguous state discrimination of coherent states. The quantum measurement model investigated is based on binary signals. All necessary positive-operator valued measurements are established to implement the quantum measurements in non-ambiguity way. The conclusive probability and inconclusive probability for the unambiguous discrimination of both on-off keying and binary-phase-shifting keying modulations are derived rigorously to show the measurement performance of proposed detection method theoretically.


Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) were introduced over a decade ago for a variety of security applications. Silicon PUFs exploit uncontrollable random variations from manufacturing to generate unique and random signatures/responses. Existing research on PUFs has focused on either PUF design at the architectural level or optimization of lithography to increase sensitivity to random process variations. However, such sources of randomness may become limited during standard CMOS manufacturing as processes continue to mature especially with the advances in design for manufacturability. In this paper, poly-Si is proposed to improve PUF quality at the materials level. Compared to conventional single crystal Si (sc-Si), defects and trapped charges resulting from the random distribution of crystal grains and grain boundaries (GBs) in poly-Si offer considerable random variations. By using poly-Si only in the PUF region in devices, the randomness of the PUF can be enhanced without impacting other functional circuits and thus the IC yield can be maintained. RO-PUF simulation results based on a poly-Si field effect transistor (FET) model show that compared to sc-Si based PUFs, the reliability of poly-Si based PUFS can be improved from 89.18% to 98.82%.


Small Secreted Proteins (SSPs) of plant pathogenic fungi are structurally and physicochemically diverse class of biomolecules with diversified biological functions. Broadly, they belong to the class of effector proteins which help the pathogen to breach or dodge the innate immunity of the host. Absence of evolutionarily conserved sequence motifs limits their identification by simple scanning of protein sequences. Nevertheless, there are some signature elements (in terms of amino acid compositional bias) which can be exploited to identify the SSPs, computationally. Here, we made an attempt to identify SSPs related to pathogenicity computationally. We utilized the whole genome sequence of Magnaporthe oryze to predict its total proteome and then compared it with the proteome of its closest nonpathogenic relative Neurospora crassa. Finally, we narrowed down to a set of 295 SSPs which are distributed among all the chromosomes of M. oryzae, showing a patchy distribution in phylogenetic tree and containing typical signatures associated with pathogenecity related effectors and are expressed during host infection. We believe, many of these SSPs play crucial roles in pathogenicity, which are yet unknown, but will be gradually unfolded in near future.


Study Guide This study guide is a companion to the book Building a Professional Learning Community at Work: A Guide to the First Year by Parry Graham and William M. Ferriter. By focusing on the successes and challenges inherent in the process, Building a Professional Learning Community at Work is designed to help teachers and administrators accomplish the difficult task of building a professional learning community from the ground up.


Embodiment of the present invention provides a data processing method and apparatus for redundancy-based equipment systems, redundant devices in the replacement data stored in the data is updated, the update order according to the determined, sequentially for each redundant device Alternatively the data, when the device is in a redundant data replacement process, the replacement data other redundant equipment is not performed, when the process to ensure a redundant device is updated, the data stored in the other redundant equipment is determined and stable situation, therefore, even if the update abnormal, it will not affect all of the redundant output device, the output of the system and because replacing an output voting redundant equipment failure is determined by the respective no data, so that an abnormality occurs in the updated , the output of the entire system is not affected.


As a measure of market concentration, the Herfindahl index' for some time has enjoyed a generally favorable reputation among industrial organization economists and public-policy analysts. In his recent comparison of alternative concentration measures, Schmalensee takes the Herfindahl as a standard against which others are judged.' Areeda and Turner state that compared to the concentration ratio, the Herfindahl index "seems superior in most respects, although both have deficiencies. . . ."3 The rea-


Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have particular difficulty acquiring bound morphemes. To determine whether these morphological deficits spring from impairments of rule-induction or memory (storage/access) skills, 25 preschool-age children with normal language (NL) and 25 age-matched children with SLI were presented with a novel vocabulary and novel bound-morpheme learning task. A chi square analysis revealed that the children with SLI had significantly lower vocabulary learning levels than NL children. In addition, there was tentative evidence that a dependency relationship existed in some children between success in vocabulary learning and proficiency in generalizing a trained bound morpheme to untrained vocabulary stems. These findings are predicted by the storage/access but not the rule-induction theory of specific language impairment. They suggest that intervention targeting bound-morpheme skills acquisition in children with SLI might include attention to vocabulary development.


The aim of this research is to analyze Chaucer's use of idealism in the "General Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales. Idealism is defined as a belief that ideals are the only true reality. Therefore, it stresses the mental or spiritual over the material objects.Idealism is widely used during the Middle Ages, especially by Geoffrey Chaucer, who is England's most famous poet. The Canterbury Tales is his masterpiece. This Research analyzes ideals in the "General Prologue" toThe Canterbury Tales. The conclusion of the present research shows that Chaucer uses idealism to criticize the follies and weaknesses of his age.Besides, he finds that adherence to ideal values is a means to cultivate morality leading to perfection.


When it comes to protecting your data, information or money, the only way to make a long-term difference is by changing your attitude towards password security, says Clive Taylor


This research topic is framed within the field of occupational therapy and problematic drug abuse. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore what occupational components occupational therapists assess in the process of treatment and rehabilitation of problematic drug abuse. The study also explores the models and assessments used during this process. The participants were selected out of the list of Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers, that provides Occupational Therapy intervention in an Intensive Outpatient Program. This list was obtained from the database of the National Council for Narcotics Control (CONACE). Data was collected through literature review on the topic and semi-structured interviews with seven Occupational Therapists with experience in the field of Drug Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation. The interviews focused on the following topics: occupational components that are assessed for occupational therapists during the process of Treatment and Rehabilitation, models or theoretical frameworks and assessments used during this process and occupational components most affected. The results revealed that the majority of occupational therapists evaluate the occupational components of routine / habits, roles, volition, leisure and work history at the stage of admission to Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers. In addition, the results reveal a lack of appropriate and specific models and assessments from the occupational therapy perspective within the field of drug abuse. This study concludes that there is a lack of homogeneity in language, assessment tools and models used between the Occupational Therapists working in the Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers.


In order to understand the structures of automobile exhaust particles and the components of nitrogen inside them, automobile exhaust particles from Santana 3000 and Golcars are investigated with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra. The results of STXM show that single particulate has a size of 500 nm and a nonuniform mass distribution with an empty hole inside it. Compared with the NEXAFS spectra, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and NaNO(3) spectra show many different sigma* resonances at 406 eV, the spectrum of ammonium has a shoulder structure. NaNO(3) and automobile exhaust particles show significant sigma resonances at 412 eV and 418. 5 eV. However, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) shows wider sigma resonances 413. 5 eV and 421. 8 eV. Nitrates are main chemical species of nitrogen in automobile exhaust particles. In an energy range from 395 eV to 418 eV,Santana 3000 automobile exhaust particles are stack scanned. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis indicate that there exist nitrates in surface layer and minor ammonium inside it.


: Objective To explore the application value of LBL-CBL-PBL-TBL four-track teaching method in the hospital intership of biomedical engineering. Methods The students majoring in biomedical engineering who had been interning in the hospital from March to June 2021 were divided into three groups: A, B and C. LBL-CBL, LBL-CBL-PBL and LBL-CBL-PBL-TBL teaching methods were adopted respectively. Before the end of the internship, the students' internship situation and teaching satisfaction were investigated and statistically analyzed, and the Bonfferoni and LSD tests were used for multiple comparative analysis between groups. Results In the comparison of basic theory test scores and total scores, groups B and C were higher than group A, group C had the highest score (F=24.648,F=35.518; P < 0.001), the scores of groups B and C were also higher than that of group A (F=19.317; P < 0.001),and there was no significant difference between the scores of group B and group C(P=0.101>0.05) ; in the statistics of students internship grading by the the internship guide teachers,the scores of the students' learning enthusiasm and innovative practice ability of groups B and C was better than that of group A, and group C had the best performance (F=84.312,F=65.324;


During the last years, Burnout Syndrome has become highly relevant for public health, due to the negative effects produced on both physically and psychologically by those who suffer from it. The literature suggests that coping strategies could influence the development and management of this syndrome. The present investigation allowed to determine the level of burnout syndrome and the coping strategies in the Loja Municipal Police. A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach was used, with a descriptive and cross-sectional design, in which 100 police officers participated, who were selected through non-probability sampling. For data collection the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Stress Coping Modes (CAE) questionnaire were used. The results suggest that most of the participants present a low degree of burnout. Among the participants, the most widely used coping strategy is Focus on solving the problema; A weak but significant statistical correlation between the two variables was identified, from which it is concluded that the use of said coping strategy constitutes a protective aspect in the appearance and development of burnout.

Key words: Burnout, Burnout Syndrome, Coping Strategies, Police.


For the past two years, with much preceding discussion, the Syracuse Botanical Club has been working on the problem of legal action to save at least one of the rare ferns, menaced by commercialism and auto-recreationists, for which our section is famous. Green Lake, east of Jamesville, was dowered by nature with a fern flora that made it a magnet for scientists and fern lovers the world over. Though the work of the Solvay Process Co., to which the fern-clad cliffs were only raw material for baking soda, this rare and beautiful station has been utterly destroyed. Rarest of all was the hart's tongue fern, Scolopendrium, and some four or five hundred specimens of this were removed, with belated assistance from the Solvay Co., from certain destruction to a location nearby that we hope will be safe. The hart's tongue is found only in four or five spots in Onondaga and Madison counties, in Tennessee, in Ontario, and apparently in Guatemala, and in no other locality on this continent. Its appearance is so unlike the ordinary aspect of a fern that the average person might overlook it. The chief danger of extinction, aside from the destruction of its habitats, comes from students of botany who exchange plants, and from nurserymen who dig it up to sell. The members of the Syracuse Botanical Club feel that they have at last done something practical by way of protection in getting the new amendment, protecting the hart's tongue, passed by the legislature. Miss L. W. Roberts, and other active members, but chiefly Mrs. John W. Church, Chairman of the Club Legislation Committee, have worked like beavers to build the protective dam. Assemblyman Horace M. Stone, aided by Assemblyman 115


Smart home automation is a technology to make things happen at home automatically. When we say home automation, the first thing that comes to mind is robots, lighting, complex electronics, and a general feeling that it is a controlled warm, or cold condition of the home. However, some simple forms of automation such as Garage door opener, Remote controls, Irrigation/sprinkler control systems, Motion-activated lights, security systems. The home automation will have become important roles t in the human's environment because it provides the users with comfortable and calm for applying the home automation device. The design and implementation of smart home automation control uses three methods; Power Electrical system, fire alarm system, and home automation system to control of selective and security of the home device that protects the home. All of the systems are controlled by a server that also called a registration server. Some devices are used WIFI or WLAN and some of the devices that were used are wired (RJ45) or fiber optic.


Let Cm:y2 = x3 − m2x + p2q2 be a family of elliptic curves over ℚ, where m is a positive integer and p, q are distinct odd primes. We study the torsion part and the rank of Cm(ℚ). More specifically, we prove that the torsion subgroup of Cm(ℚ) is trivial and the ℚ-rank of this family is at least 2, whenever m ≢ 0 (mod 3), m ≢ 0 (mod 4) and m ≡ 2 (mod 64) with neither p nor q dividing m.


The results of current–voltage (I–V) and capacity–voltage (C–V) characterization and study of kinetics of photocurrent relaxation in Al–p-CdxHg1-xTe structures with tunnel thin insulating layer at 80 K are presented. All observed qualitative peculiarities are well explained by a simple model, taking into account the relative contribution of recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers and their tunneling through dielectric gap at reverse bias voltage. It is established that the studied structures are suitable for IR-system applications.


Objective:To elucidate the rationality of Radix Glycyrhizae with Flos Genkwa as incompatibility from the changes in chemical composition.Methods:Compatibility of different ways of Radix Glycyrhizae with Flos Genkwa extract for HPLC analysis.Results:Different ways of HPLC chromatograms compatibility,there are some differences between 31-47 minutes mixed Fried liquid appearing a characteristic peaks,and in this time period in merger solution there are 10 characteristic peaks,preliminary speculate Radix Glycyrhizae with Flos Genkwa two different compatibility mode,the difference between the components.Conclusion:The compatibility of Radix Glycyrhizae-Flos Genkwa different way,its chemical composition has difference.the difference with Radix Glycyrhizae-Flos Genkwa as incompatibility relationships need further exploration.


Although aeronautical networks rely on communications, nowadays the largest part of such communications is based on old but proven standards, many of them being analogical and voice-based. It is widely recognized that this communication model will not be able to support the increasing complexity andworldwide spread of aeronautical communications, especially with the ever-increasing number of players and locations. The IP communication model seems a good candidate to replace the analogical communications. On the other hand, the debate about the well-known IPv4 pools depletion made it clear that the only viable and sustainable solution is to adopt IPv6 as a common basis. Concerning IPv4, it is believed that the only real need will be for passengers communications. IPv4 traffic can be segregated so to not harm the main network architecture. IPv6 network security is not different, from a logical point of view, from IPv4 one. The main difference is related to a simple yet hard to fully admit concept: security is not subject to the black-swan theory (Taleb, 2010), and while we do have years of experience in IPv4 networks, we do not have the same amount of case studies for IPv6. Literature does identify security as the "sum" of a number of properties like confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and non-repudiation. We do prefer to use a different approach, as those are the properties that need to be ensured, but if we look at them alone we will probably end up missing big points. Any network (or any system) can be seen as the result of two main processes: design and implementation. This is valid for a whole network and its single components. In order to achieve the goal of enforcing the five above mentioned properties, a network has to be designed and implemented with specific features. The properties can then be enforced directly on the design and implementation or being built 5


"The residents have their own houses" has been pursued for many years in China and is one of the goals of building the well-off society.During the process of building the well-off society,Guangdong Overseas Chinese Farm take the settling down of its people as a strategic project of caring about the people's livelihood and forming a harmonious society.It has speed up its modernization as well as improving the habitation conditions of the Returned Overseas Chinese.Based on such issues that housing problems are causing social conflicts all over the world,the American subprime-mortgage is enlarging the global financial crisis,and Chinese government is taking ten measures to stimulate economic growth and to build indemnificatory residences,the analysis and research of the housing project of Guangdong Overseas Chinese Farm are of great significance.


In last decade, there has been immense focus on the detection of human activities using wearable sensors for applications such as health-care and fitness. In this paper we focus on agriculture applications and present a wearable sensor shirt, which can be conveniently worn by the farmers for the detection of the agriculture activities like digging, harvesting and bed making. The knowledge of agricultural activities being performed on the farm is important for rendering the advisory services to the remotely located farmers in order to improve their crop yield. We have designed a wearable sensor shirt with acceleration sensors stitched to the wrists and interfaced to the mobile phone through an arduino board. The experimental results depict the detection of various agricultural activities like Manual digging, Harvesting, Bed making and Sowing. A comparative analysis in terms of classification accuracy has been performed by considering different number of sensors and their placement on the farmer's body.


Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) focuses on coordination, choice and planning issues, including multi-criteria. the neutrosophic soft set cannot handle environments involving multiple attributes. In order to overcome these obstacles, the neutrosophic hypersoft set (NHSS) and Interval Value neutrosophic hypersoft set (IVNHSS) are defined. In this paper, we extend the concept of IVNHSS with basic properties. We also developed some basic operations on IVNHSS such as union, intersection, addition, difference, Truth-favorite, and False-favorite, etc. with their desirable properties. Finally, the necessity and possibility operations on IVNHSS with properties are presented in the following research.


The $k$-nearest neighbor (KNN) is a widely used classification algorithm in data mining. One of the problems faced by the KNN approach is how to determine the appropriate value of $k$. The common value of $k$ is usually not optimal for all instances, especially when there is a large difference between instances. In this paper, we take a proposed training method (PTM) to select the corresponding optimal local $k$ value for every instance according to the distribution characteristics, and apply it to class-imbalanced data sets. Then, considering the difference in impact due to distance between the instance and its neighbors, we assign different weights to its neighbors which is called weighted k-nearest neighbor (WKNN), and classify the test instance by weighted voting. The new proposed PTM-WKNN method combines the advantages of past methods, and aims at improving the classification performance of imbalanced data. In addition, we do an experiment on the class-imbalanced data sets from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository, and obtain the values of Recall, G-mean and F-score as evaluations. The experiment results show that the proposed method has a better performance in class-imbalanced data sets.


Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine that appears in late childhood or adolescence. Instead of growing straight, the spine develops a side-to-side curvature, usually in an elongated "S" or "C" shape; the bones of the spine are also slightly twisted or rotated. To prevent further curve progression and obtain a balanced spine, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Objective: This study aimed to discuss three dimensional surgical techniques used for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, evaluating their feasibility, efficacy and safety. Patients and methods: This study was conducted in Mansoura University Hospital and Alexandria University Hospitals between September 2018 and April 2021. 3D surgical correction was performed for 91 patients complaining of idiopathic scoliosis, and not responding to conservative measures and not associated with neurological affection. Results: According to Lenke classification, there were 56 patients (61.5%) with type 1 curve type , 9 patients (9.9%) with type 2, 7 patients (7.7%) with type 3, 7 patients (7.7%) with type 5 and 12 patients (13.2%) with type 6. Mean preoperative height was 1.60 m while mean postoperative height was 1.66 m. with significant increase in height postoperatively (p < 0.001). Mean percentage height gain was 3.91%. Conclusion: We do believe that the posterior only approach 3D correction is an effective method in management of AIS concerning correction of Cobb angle, shoulder balance and spinopelvic parameters and recommend it as the best way nowadays to treat this disease.


A recent experimental study on the vortex shedding noise of a cylinder equipped with thin, flexible flaps showed that the presence of the flaps leads to a sudden shift of the aeolian tones when above a certain Reynolds number, which resulted in a jump in the corresponding Reynolds-Strouhal number diagram. In the present work, this effect is further investigated by performing acoustic measurements on modified versions of the original flap cylinder, where, subsequently, flaps were cut off to study their individual contribution to the vortex shedding. In addition to the acoustic measurements, the movement of the flaps was captured using a high-speed camera. The eigenmodes of the flaps were calculated numerically. The results confirm that the jump of the Strouhal number is caused by a lock-in of the vortex shedding cycle with the oscillation of the outer flaps at the next higher eigenfrequency. Reducing the number of flaps does not affect the jump, but a shortening of the flaps (and hence a modification of the flap eigenmodes) lead to the fact that the Strouhal number jumped to a lower value than before.


In t roduc t ion SN 1987A was first observed with IUE from the GSFC station (Kirshner et al. 1987a) just a few hours after the discovery announcement. At VILSPA the observations, carried out as part of the ESA-SERC Target-ofOpportunity Program for observing bright supernovae, were started in the early morning of the 25th of February, on the first available European shift (Wamsteker et al. 1987a). Since then, the close collaboration of the two observing teams, as well as the generous time allocation by the corresponding Agencies, have assured a complete coverage of such an important event. Some of the IUE results have already been discussed in papers published in scientific journals (Wamsteker et al. 1987a, Cassatella et al. 1987, Panagia et al. 1987a, Fransson et al. 1987, de Boer et al. 1987, Gilmozzi et al. 1987, Dupree et al. 1987, Kirshner et al. 1987a, Sonneborn et al. 1987) and more will be presented in a number of papers which are either in press (Fransson et al. 1988, Blades et al. 1988a, b) or in preparation. The main results obtained so far can be summarised as follows: 1. Initially the UV flux was rather high indicating high photospheric temperatures (T > 14000 K). The fast UV flux drop (orders of magnitude in a few days; cf. Panagia et al. -1987a) implies a small initial radius, say, of the order of few tens solar radii, and, therefore, excludes that the star was a red supergiant when it exploded. 2. The B3 I star Sk -69° 202 has been ascertained to be the SN progenitor: this was first suggested in Panagia et al. (1987a) and subsequently confirmed by the more detailed analyses presented by Gilmozzi et al. (1987) and Sonneborn et al. (1987). 3. The strong UV flux of the early epochs has offered a unique opportunity to obtain high dispersion spectra to study the interstellar medium in our Galaxy and ir the LMC toward SN 1987A. A large number of components for both highly ionized and low ionized species have been detected (de Boer et al. 1987, Dupree et al 1987, Blades et al. 1988a, b) indicating a rather complex structure for the intervening matter. 4. The presence of narrow emission lines of highly ion ized species, detected in the short wavelength spectrum since late May 1987 (Wamsteker et al. 1987b, Kirshnei et al. 1987b, Panagia et al. 1987b), has provided evidence for the progenitor having been a red supergianl before coming back toward the blue side of the HR diagram (Fransson et al. 1988). Here, I will first talk about the general UV evolutioi of SN 1987A and, then, I will discuss the UV and optica broad band data in the context of the SN energetics, Roberto Gilmozzi will talk about the identification o: the SN progenitor by means of IUE observations; he wil also present the preliminary results of the ongoing IUE observations aimed at detecting the UV echo of the SK explosion. Claes Fransson will present the evolution o: the narrow emission lines and will discuss the properties of the circumstellar matter from which they originate. UV Spectral Evolution The very early spectra taken at VILSPA (see Figure 1' show several broad absorption features which are approximately 20000 to 30000 km s 1 wide. They can b< identified mostly with resonance lines and low excitatior lines of singly and twice ionized iron group elements their troughs appear to be blue shifted by about 1500( km s _ 1 (Cassatella et al. 1987) but their wings extend to as much as 30000 km s 1 . The strong absorptior produced by both the conspicuous line blocking and th« continuous opacity of the iron group elements is likely to account for the quick fading of the UV flux, especiallj shortward of 1800A (Cassatella 1987). One witnesses immediately a quick decline of the ultraviolet emission, more evident at short wavelengths but very pronounced at long wavelengths too (cf. Fig ure 2; see also Figure 4). This is due to both the genera cooling of the expanding gas which increases the frac tion of the singly ionized iron group elements and tc the fact that the excited lines become optically thick. Bj mid-March most iron is already in the form of Fell (Cas satella 1987). At later epochs the spectroscopic change are not substantial and are mostly due to a progressiv< decrease of the absorption widths which is accompaniec by a gradual shift of the absorption minima toward; longer wavelengths (see Figure 2). A similar behavioui https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1323358000022529 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 220.127.116.11, on 04 May 2019 at 14:02:46, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at Proc. ASA 7 (4) 1988 Panagia 391


In this ongoing effort, optimization methods are being used to create a coordinated system for overcurrent relays that operates in realtime. There are several potential methods for coordinating the overcurrent relays, but each has its own set of performance benefits that the others lack. This effort entails the development and evaluation of three separate algorithmic strategies in order to accomplish this goal. After using the GA (Genetic Algorithm) as a baseline for performance, the DE (Differential evolution) & ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) are programmed and equated to it. DE and ACO were preferred because their excellent performance were recorded across various types of literature, and since no one in the security industry had ever attempted to implement them. This resulted in their being deemed the most suitable adoptees. As the number of coordination pairs increased, GA produced the worst results, was the slowest and had the greatest influence on execution time. This was learned by examining the discrepancies between the three algorithms' outputs. Both ACO and DE, in contrast to GA, are much faster, provide better results, and are virtually immune to a rise in the number of coordination pairs.


This article describes the Division of Chemical Information (CINF) events at the 222nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society August 26 - 30, 2001 in Chicago, IL.


A community is the basic unit of thecity, and the well-developed infrastructure is one ofthe important contents of urban planning. With Wuxidistrict planning as a case, this paper introduces theprocess in which the community scale, infrastructureand land use index are determined in this stage. Thiswill help provide references to the decision-making inthe community construction.


Heuristic and metaheuristic techniques are used for solving computationally hard optimization problems. Local search is a heuristic technique while Ant colony optimization (ACO), inspired by the ants' foraging behavior, is one of the most recent metaheuristic technique. These techniques are used for solving optimization problems. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) detection problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. We present heuristic and metaheuristic approaches for symbol detection in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. Since symbol detection is an NP-hard problem so ACO is particularly attractive as ACO algorithms are one of the most successful strands of swarm intelligence and are suitable for applications where low complexity and fast convergence is of absolute importance. Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector gives optimal results but it uses exhaustive search technique. We show that 1-Opt and ACO based detector can give near-optimal bit error rate (BER) at much lower complexity levels. Comparison of ACO with another nature inspired technique, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is also discussed. The simulation results suggest that the proposed detectors give an acceptable performance complexity trade-off in comparison with ML and VBLAST detectors.


Abstract At Koranga Valley indurated sedimentary "basement" rocks of the Urewera Group are unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cretaceous shelf sediments—the Te Wera (Urutawan: Albian), Karekare (Urutawan—Arowhanan: Albian—Turonian), Moanui (Teratan: Coniacian—Santonian), and Rakauroa (Haumurian: Maastrichtian) formations. Sandstones from the various formations are predominantly igneous litharenites and feldspathic litharenites Differences in authigenic mineralogy between Urewera Group and Te Wera Formation result from differences in induration, minor differences in initial composition, and possible differences in climate, transport, and depositional site. Sediments of both units, however, were derived from a predominantly acid to intermediate igneous source. Younger Cretaceous sediments, which contain increasing amounts of glauconite upwards, were probably derived from similar, but perhaps more deeply eroded, igneous terrain.


The market environment is unstable for business and for consumers. More informed
consumers demand solutions that are increasingly specific to their problems. Marketing
becomes more important, strategic marketing planning is key to driving an organization to
turn to customers in the quest to ensure the satisfaction of their needs. In this context, the
objective of the research was to evaluate the factors that influence consumer satisfaction of
Bonanza Supermercados - Loja Mauricio de Nassau. A quantitative research of an
exploratory-descriptive nature was carried out, profiles were analyzed and a perception about
the satisfaction with the supermarket of 372 respondents was analyzed. The results obtained
were an identification of a possible bottleneck related to the quantity of products and brands
available to the customer and promotions. It was also verified that the general level of
satisfaction in the perception of the respondents is positive, which guarantees a quantity of
value delivered their own clients in their services rendered.


This study sought to identify components of an asynchronous online teacher professional development program, Prime Online, that potentially affected participants' mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Twenty-three third- through fifth-grade general education and special education teachers completed a yearlong online teacher professional development program focused on improving MKT, instructional practices for all learners (particularly those with disabilities), and practitioner inquiry. Latent growth modeling and focus group data indicated growth in participants' content knowledge and initial growth in knowledge of students from pretest to midtest, with a decline at the end of the program. Module components are described to highlight the online teacher professional development program structure and specific activities that potentially supported participants' growth. Mathematical modeling, engaging with practitioner-focused journals and websites, developer-constructed materials, classroom implementation, and reflection and discussion provided participants with the opportunities for professional development resulting in increased MKT.


During the last seven years several Argentinian national universities have offered (as part of their academic studies and programs) different undergraduate degrees under the denomination of technical degrees. The personal characteristics of their students are radically different from the traditional academic offer. Students learn by practicing and they comprehend information best by actively doing something with the information. We ran an experiment with students of a technical degree of web development in a course of Programming Introduction using Python. Preliminary findings revealed that their learning styles are mainly active and visual, and learners who are more verbal or have stronger concrete experience obtained higher scores in their tests. They perceive that inductive tasks are easier than deductive and abductive tasks. We also found that those subjects who are more efficient in solving formal inference tasks obtained higher qualifications in their exams. The findings can be useful not only for didactic transposition in teaching courses which take into account the balance of the students' preference but also to develop new instructional methods and software which focus on the cognitive preferences and cognitive process of technicians.


The invention relates to a nozzle plate for an ink jet printer. It relates to a nozzle plate (1) such that a portion of a layer (6) repellent coating vis-a-vis the ink and for covering a front surface (2) the nozzle plate (1) forms a step in an inner surface of a nozzle (4) so that the volume of a space defined in the nozzle (4) of the front surface (2) of the nozzle plate (1) to a meniscus formation surface is limited to a range between 0.05 and 0.5 times the volume of ink projected. Application to ink jet printers.


Metadiscourse is widely used in current discourse analysis and language study,which therefore attracts our attention on interpersonal scope.Based on Hyland's(2004)theory,this thesis firstly introduces the definitions of metadiscourse;then proves the functions of metadiscourse and lists the differences between metadiscourse and propositional information according to Halliday's three meta functions of language;finally,it demonstrates Hyland Tse's(2004)stance that all metadiscourse is interpersonal.


The buying behaviour of consumers is one of the most commonly researched subjects in marketing. 'Country of origin effect' (COO) is one of the key concepts casting light on the purchasing process of consumers. Many studies have shown that COO effect is vital for the buying process, persuasion and product evaluation. Consumer ethnocentrism is another important factor in the domain of COO effect studies. In light of this information, this study intends to find out COO effect awareness in the buying behavior of university students in Turkey. The purpose of this research is to show how a country's products affect the buying behavior of young consumers in Turkey. Students of Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Public Relations and Advertising Department were employed as a sample because they are considered to be a more conscious group. Though the current sample does not represent all Turkish youth, further research can be conducted concerning Turkish products and the purchasing prejudices of different social shareholders. Such research would be important for understanding the behavior of Turkish consumers towards both Turkish and foreign brands since there is limited research on the COO effect in current Turkish literature.


Purpose. The purpose of the work is a theoretical and legal analysis of the institution of volunteering in Ukraine, in particular in the modern dimension, taking into account the historical picture of the past and the prospects for the development of the present. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: empirical, comparative, logical-semantic, systemic-structural. Results: In the process of this scientific and legal research, it was established that volunteer activity is a voluntary, socially oriented, non-profit activity carried out by volunteers by providing volunteer assistance. In addition, it is determined that a volunteer is a natural person who voluntarily carries out socially oriented non-profit activities by providing volunteer assistance. At the same time, it was established and described in the course of the research that the development of volunteering in the world began as far back as the 19th century. At a time when volunteer activity in Ukraine is gaining momentum after the high-profile events of 2013 and is starting its new formation in the existence of a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. The implemented development encourages the legislator to create normative legal acts that would carry out proper regulation of active social activities. At the same time, the created legal framework needs to be improved in order to meet the modern course. Originality. In the process of the research, a comparative legal analysis was carried out, in particular, in the part of the historical aspects of the formation of volunteer activity and the development of the institution of volunteering in modern Ukraine. Practical significance. The obtained research results can be used in the future for the implementation of scientific developments and the solution of actual legal and scientific problems regarding the functioning of the volunteering institute in modern Ukraine. In addition, the presented results can be applied in historical and legal research, in particular, in determining the period of formation and active development of volunteer activity in a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state. The obtained results can also be useful for the next steps of the legal study of the problems of regulatory regulation of the volunteering institute in order to determine the level of the need to improve the current legal framework.


The paper summaries the copyright protection legislation and the scholarly research situation related to the digital library domestic and foreign.Facing to the two viewpoints of copyright strengthening and weakening,the author proposes the thought of moderate protection.The paper also elaborates mainly the benefit balance principle,system ponder principle and social benefit principle that the digital library copyright moderate protection must follow.


and Nile perch in case of Ni and Fe, but Tilapia nilotica higher than Nile perch in case of Pb, Cd and Mn after statistical analysis.


The name of "Peru" and the entities and beings it names first appeared "in an abyss of history" on "the edge of the world" in the early 1500s. In this essay I ask what hermeneutical truths or meanings the strange event that made the name of Peru both famous and historical holds for-and withholds from-any understanding of the meaning of colonial history. By way of a reading of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega's rendering, in Los Comentarios Reales de los Incas (1609) of "the origin and principle of the name of Peru," I suggest that Peru's name is itself an inaugural event that marks the founding void or abyss of colonial and postcolonial history, which is to say, of modern global history. This evenemential void is not unoccupied, however. It is inhabited by another founding, mythopoetic figure of history: "the barbarian" whose speech is registered in the historian's text.


Purpose
The purpose of the study is to diagnose recurrent logistics problems in a public organization's network of logistics entities, determining the maturity level of each supply chain (SC) function, and trying to link problems within the SC functions to the maturity level by using the case study method.

Design/methodology/approach
Extant research on supply chain management (SCM) maturity is combined with notions of SC flows and disciplines. The resulting SCM Disciplines Maturity model comprises multiple diagnostic steps. It is illustrated by means of a developmental case study at a large public organization facing recurrent logistics problems in routine processes.

Findings
The model is shown to be a useful instrument to obtain insight into linkages between recurrent logistics problems and the way an SCM organization harbors multiple SCM disciplines.

Originality/value
The paper examines recurrent logistics problems in relation to SCM maturity, a relatively unknown research subject. It shows how SCM maturity thinking can support the diagnosis of recurrent problems. In a rapidly changing world, it enables further research on diagnosis as a dynamic capability.


"Richard II" - this misfit as hero, Andrew Gibson "This septred isle" - the idea of England in "Richard II", Nicholas Potter Bolingbroke - the emptier bucket?, John E. Cunningham personal authority in "Richard II", Stephen Hazell "A Woman's war" - femininity -"Richard II, Graham Holderness "This earth, this realm, this England", Diana Derlin "I wasted time, and now doth time waste me", Ronald Draper "This blessed plot" - the garden scene in "Richard II", Charles Moseley Richard II and the politics of kingship, Raman Selden transtextual aspects of "Richard II", Cedric Watts a practical guide to essay writing - how to plan an essay, style sheet.


A study of the incidents of 1857 has been a subject of perennial interest to the historians of India. The latest to join them is M.D. David who has looked at it from a new perspective. This is the subject of this book. It essentially highlights four significant aspects of the Great Rebellion. It states that its roots can be traced to the British deprivation of the legitimate right of Raja Pratap Singh of Satara, a scion of Chatrapati Shivaji and his successor, which hurt the Maratha pride. It points out that the key leaders were Nana Saheb, Tatya Tope, Rani Laxmibai and Rango Bapuji who hailed from Maharashtra. Nana Saheb by declaring himself the Prime Minister of the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar united together the Hindu-Muslim forces in India for the first time to fight to secure their freedom by driving away the British. The book demolishes the hitherto held view that India south of the Narmada remained unaffected during the Great Rebellion.


The role of the Strasbourg Court acquires controlling dimension in the application of human rights. Measures taken at national level, should provide effective domestic remedies, to strengthen the national legal order and to bring it closer to compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the legal practice of the Court. Macedonia amended the Law on Courts in 2008, and accepted a very significant solution, thus enabling direct application of the ECHR case-law by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Macedonia, when deciding on trials within a reasonable time. However, should be keep in mind that the Committee of the Ministers, in 2004 already, noted that Convention is integral part of the national law in totality of the States Parties. The consequences of this integration are of primary importance in the context of Macedonian's judicial practice. Thus, a fundamental question which arises today consists in knowing if the national judge can really apply not only Convention but also the decisions of the Court, if necessary with the detriment of the contrary national law. In this respect, I took note with the country experiences where the decisions of the Court are applied directly by national authorities, the Macedonian legal system and in this context the needs of judicial reforms.


American writer William Dean Howells led an intensive search for artistic means to represent reality throughout his creative journey. His creative method was characterized by an acute sensation of the world's objectivity and the understanding of art as a special language. In this article, various types of art (landscape, music) are examined by which the writer created a factographic reflection of the urban space that determined the artistic specifics of his works. The theme of the city and the motive of the road in W. D. Howells creative destiny became fundamental ones and were reflected in his small prose. The studied texts of the American writer focused the attention on the inner world and the feelings of the author-narrator. He has a phenomenal memory that helps to save not only the experienced events, but also the emotional fabric of his wanderings in detail. The urban pictures conveyed by W.D. Howells are as detailed as possible, demonstrate both the author's picture of the world and the specific norms of the urban space of the XIXth century. In the stories the writer shows such power of the urban environment, which adversely affects the development of urban culture, not only ecological but also psychological pollution occurs, the break with the surrounding reality and the construction of an artificial world. Thus, it allowed the author to combine documentality and artistic generalizations, confirming everything with specific names, titles, and events. Throughout the narrative in the small prose by W. D. Howells, the idea of the organic development of small towns and the existence in harmony with the surrounding natural environment is the main one, which is of enormous importance for the modern world. An original translation from English in the article was performed by the author.


【In order to provide fundamental data for the achievement of safe environmental condition, investigation of the actual state of the nutriculture practices in Korea was carried out. The result obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Cultivation area of nutriculture was 6 ha and culture types included deep flow technique(43%), nutrient film technique(45%), gravel culture(6%), chaff charcoal culture(3%) and rockwool culture(3%). 2. Greenhouses were mostly made of pentite pipe frames and covered by polyethylene film, and culture beds were handy combination of cement blocks, concrete and styrofoam, which were not standard products. 3. Development of nutriculture system appropriate to our actual circumstances and improvement of establishments are required. 4. Since there was not farmhouse that performs the environmental measurement and environmental conditions of cultivation were very limited. sensor applied environmental control technology of nutriculture should be developed.】


Testicular cancer is one of the major success stories in oncology. Because of the advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, improved surgical techniques, and the availability of accurate tumor markers, testicular cancer is now the most curable adult neoplasm. Overall cure rates for patients with disseminated testicular cancer exceed 80%, and patients with local or local/regional disease are cured nearly 100% of the time. Recent studies have focused on minimizing toxicity while maintaining high cure rates in patients with good-risk disease, further defining the role of surgery and chemotherapy in patients with early stage disease, and investigating prognostic variables to help define optimum therapy for an individual patient. Recently, it has been recognized that a small but significant proportion of patients will suffer a relapse after a long disease-free interval. Extragonadal germ-cell tumors continue to be problematic, as the biologic differences between these diseases and testicular germ-cell tumors become more evident.


It is a well known fact that when a virus disentangles itself from its original host and fixes itself within any other animal, it hereby undergoes a remarkable mutation in its most innate property. The only method through which this virus, which has undergone the above mentioned mutation may be identified, is through irnmuno-serological research. The virus designated " HST," was first isolated from the ascites of a YOSHIDA tumor in October 1950,(l) by means of brain passages through mice which, in spite of extensive attempts, have been never capable of inducing secondary tumors in rats. However, this virus has served in provocating an increase in a transplanted tumor.@) , Nevertheless, as has been previously reported, this virus is special to the YOSHIDA tumor, i.e., when this virus is neutralized with antiviral sera in the tumor cell, by the unique method established in this laboratory, there occurs no further transplantation on the part of tumor cells, while, when the HST virus has been added to it a fierce transmigratory nature In other words, in order to induce an ascites tumor in the rat with this virus, it is obvious that administration of HST virus alone is insufficient, and that the joining of other factors seems to be necessary for this purpose. Y. HAMAZAKI has recently (1954) successfully reproduced malignant tumor by rats which were fed with fresh tissue of the YOSHIDA tumor, namely, natural virus of the tumor can surely induce an ascites tumor when it invades the host by suitable infectious course. At this point we alighted on an accidental discovery of an inflammation of the granulation type, in mice organs inoculated with HST virus, which developed into coelothelioma in peritoneum, and in turn, displayed certain signs of an ascites tumor. This fact not only clarifies the specificity attributed to the HST virus, but also serves as an outstanding clue in explaining-the origin and genesis of YOSHIDA tumor cells, which constitute the original host of this virus. It has been previously noticed that when mice had been left for months after intracerebral inoculation of HST virus, occurrence of ascites was seen. As has been reported in a previous paper,(S) HST virus, which has a neurotropic nature and causes a special meningo-ependymo-encephalitis, suffers a decline in this neurotropic nature in


The history, taxonomy, distribution and cultivation requirements of the Angolan and Namibian geophyte Cryptostephanus densiflorus Welw. ex Baker (Amaryllidaceae) are discussed; a full botanical description, illustration, habitat photographs and key to the species are provided.