We calculated the polarization function of the gauge field model at finite temperature. The effect of the gauge field was considered to the order of O{sup 0}({ital N}) in the convention of a 1/{ital N} expansion. We found significant cancellation among Feynman diagrams. As a result, the real part of conductivity has the following behavior: In the low frequency region it is proportional to 1/{omega}{sup 2}, similar to that in the Drude model and in the infrared-frequency region there is contribution from an exciting gauge field and particle-hole pair. This makes Re{sigma}({omega}) decrease much slower than that in the Drude model. Another important consequence of the cancellation is that Re{sigma}({omega}) in the low-frequency region is temperature sensitive but not so when the frequency approaches the Fermi energy. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The size of survey area is very important to proper express the characteristics of the forest communities.This paper studied on the research plot dataset which composed by tree spatial positions data and tree species composition from China,Mongolia,Myanmar,South Africa and Germany,a new approach on determining the forest communities' minimum survey area presented by model and mathematics method.By setting quadrate sample in the center of plot and then enlarging its edge length interval 10 m to get the data of species-area curve and establish the species-area model,the minimum survey area can be determined by making the value of second derivative model is zero or approximate zero(1×10-6).The study also found that the relationship of minimum area with maximum species can be well described by semi-logarithm and the model can be directly estimated the survey minimum area by using potential tree species quantity in practice.


In the novel Manual del canibal by Argentine author Carlos Balmaceda, readers are witnesses of a most grotesque occurrence in the opening passages. The main character, Cesar Lombroso (intentionally homonymie with the famous nineteenth-century criminologist), a baby then, is breastfed by his mother when he bites her, a bite which makes the sick woman bleed incessantly dying soon thereafter. Baby Cesar survives for two weeks feeding on his mother's blood until maid Beatriz Mendieta, arrives to clean the home and finds the horrible scenario. The plot overture in as much as the rest of the novel denotes the ongoing literary and cultural obsession with the theme of cannibalism in Latin American artistic contexts, and contributes to an already established tradition in Argentine letters.1 However, carnal acts are not the only appearances of cannibalism in the novel. Although the protagonist, as I will further analyze below, practices cannibalism, there are indications throughout the novel that embark on the metaphorical meanings of cannibalism, which I refer to as "cultural cannibalism," which equally merit analysis. This piece explores the notions of carnal cannibalism and the metaphorical interpretations of cultural cannibalism, while engaging in dialogue with the critical interpretations of the meanings of cannibalism in cultural analysis, most saliently those related to encountering or ingesting cultural difference. Parting from the ideas established by Oswaldo de Andrade in his "Manifesto antropofago" (1928), the logic of cultural cannibalism has become a thematic constant utilized by authors and artists to disseminate, creatively, discursive currents that bind literary and cultural theories with the


In the wake of globalization, liberalization and privatization on economic front, organizations are expected to make objective assessment of existing status of their HRD system and processes in order to evolve need based pragmatic HRD Agenda for the future. In this context the present study gives a concrete base and direction as it provides the empirical evidence as regards to current status of HRD Sub-systems & facilitators in relation to HR productivity with reference to Indian Private Sector and Public Sector Organizations. Almost all the selected sub-systems of HRD (except Employee Communication and Employees' Empowerment) have been found to be moderately effective. Concerns of the various stakeholders for HRD cause and practices of selected management styles have also been found at moderate level to facilitate HRD process. HR Productivity has also been found to be confined only to moderate level. The selected HRD sub-systems, concerns of various stakeholders for HRD cause and the selected management styles have been found to have significant impact on HR effectiveness. Such findings of the study indicate that in order to improve the level of HR effectiveness, there exists a dire need of continuous improvement in design and implementation of HRD subsystems (particularly Employee Communication and Employee Empowerment), also in level of concerns of various stakeholders, as well as in practice of the management styles. Research on earlier researches and case studies need to be taken up as it will give right direction in order to formulate action strategies for the future.


Abstract The decision of Lord Hardwicke LC in Blanchard v Hill in 1742 is the earliest reported case on the equitable jurisdiction to grant injunctive relief against trade mark piracy. The ambiguous manner in which the case was reported led to the decision being interpreted as either the basis of equitable jurisdiction or a denial of jurisdiction. This article seeks to establish the background to the case, what actually happened, and the immediate impact of the decision. The scene is set, however, in a parallel symbolic universe – heraldry – because in 1740, the officers of arms were confronted with a trade mark case.


Genetic diversity of Manglietia decidua Q.Y.Zheng was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR).Ten primers were screened from 90 primers.ISSR amplification generated multiple banding profiles with the 10 primers from all DNA samples,with an average of 8.1 fragments per primer.There were 14 polymorphic loci in the total fragments.Compared with other plants,the genetic diversity of M.decidua is very low.


Various spatial forms which can be applied to design of space structures are derived from projections into 3-space of curved hypersurfaces in 4 space.


The growing popularity of kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand is increasing the already high demand for traditional pollinators (bees), with alternatives currently too costly for most growers due to high labour requirements or inefficient usage of expensive pollen. A novel pollinating robot has been previously described to provide a more efficient, reliable and cost-effective means of addressing this problem. However, the pollinator suffered from a low fruit-set rate of 40% overall, well below commercial requirements of 80% to 90%. This paper presents two new developments for that system: a new, off the shelf spray nozzle (SS1504) to increase the overall pollen delivery and an automated height controller to keep the spray manifolds at a consistent distance below the canopy while avoiding obstacles. Furthermore, we have designed and conducted a more controlled, real-world evaluation of the pollination system to compare both nozzle variants and measure the commercial viability of the pollination platform. Final results show that, operating from a mobile platform at 2.5 km h −1 , the new nozzle could consistently achieve a fruit-set rate only 16 ± 2% below the control samples in each test orchard (82 ± 2% and 72 ± 4% absolute). Pollen consumption remains high, however, with estimates of up to 4.6 kg ha−1 , thus preventing the system from being economically viable. While cost-effectiveness awaits substantial efficiency improvements, our work has demonstrated an automated pollinator that can produce commercial-grade kiwifruit.


Fast fourier transform(FFT) has a wide range of applications and many various ways of hardware implementations.Simulation is a traditional way for hardware verification,the main weakness of this method is to give all kinds of input that the circuit may have.On the contrast,formal methods can use pure mathematical methods to verify a circuit's properties.That is why exploring new ways to verify the correctness of FFT hardware circuits using formal method is important.Because a formal model should be given in advance of verification,this paper introduces some formal models of FFT.Then it presents a(formal) model of Radix2 FFT processor using rewrite systems.It shows that rewrite systems can well specify complex hardware circuits.


The high diversity of urban environments, at both the inter and intra levels, poses challenges for robotics research. Such challenges include discrepancies in urban features between cities and the deterioration of sensor measurements within a city. With such diversity in consideration, this paper aims to provide Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and image data acquired in complex urban environments. In contrast to existing datasets, the presented dataset encapsulates various complex urban features and addresses the major issues of complex urban areas, such as unreliable and sporadic Global Positioning System (GPS) data, multi-lane roads, complex building structures, and the abundance of highly dynamic objects. This paper provides two types of LiDAR sensor data (2D and 3D) as well as navigation sensor data with commercial-level accuracy and high-level accuracy. In addition, two levels of sensor data are provided for the purpose of assisting in the complete validation of algorithms using consumer-grade sensors. A forward-facing stereo camera was utilized to capture visual images of the environment and the position information of the vehicle that was estimated through simultaneous localization mapping (SLAM) are offered as a baseline. This paper presents 3D map data generated by the SLAM algorithm in the LASer (LAS) format for a wide array of research purposes, and a file player and a data viewer have been made available via the Github webpage to allow researchers to conveniently utilize the data in a Robot Operating System (ROS) environment. The provided file player is capable of sequentially publishing large quantities of data, similar to the rosbag player. The dataset in its entirety can be found at http://irap.kaist.ac.kr/dataset.


T HE precise circumstances responsible 1 for the precipitation of peptic ulcers are a' yet unknolm. It now appears that there are three parameter which cont ribute to t he development of a pept ic ulcer : <L phy iological parameter, \\'hich illl"oh-es tis. ue susceptibility; a psychologic-al parameter, which involves a relatively specific p ychic conflict; and a socia l parameter, \\'hich involves a nonfi pecifie environmental situation that require' adaptation to stress. This discu sion is primarily concerned with better under. tanding of the psychological parameter,


Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) resolves a mixture of proteins based on both isoelectric point and molecular weight of the individual proteins. Even when we followed a standard protocol for 2DE we got lesser number of proteins focused especially in the basic region of the IPG strip. Since the common troubleshooting measures did not solve the problem we replaced the protease inhibitor cocktail in the lysis buffer with PMSF which resulted in an ideal protein map following 2DE. We also found that the presence of the cocktail results in skewing of the mass spectra of a purified protein which eventually resulted in incorrect identification of the protein by MASCOT search. Later we found that dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent of protease inhibitor cocktail also resulted in focusing of lesser number of proteins. Addition of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to bovine serum albumin resulted in lesser sequence coverage for the protein by LC-MS/MS. Also, dimethyl sulfoxide was found to decrease the intensity value of the dominant peptide in a fraction when MALDI-TOF-TOF was done. Even though we do not provide a reason behind our observations, we guess dimethyl sulfoxide might have changed the charge distribution of peptides or proteins resulting in the peculiar observations we had.


The internal delay methods for sequential equivalent sampling are widely used in the digital storage oscilloscope and limited completely by maximum operating frequency of embedded system. A new external delay technology for equivalent sampling oscilloscope is presented in this paper. The technology is based on the external programmable delay chips, which provide much shorter delay time for equivalent sampling rate as well as much higher operating frequency. With real time sampling and equivalent time sampling, the embedded system could perform rapid and effective measurement for the periodic signal which is either fast-varying or slow-varying and also be able to take real time sampling to the single-shot signals.


The paper is anchored on persons of concern and nationality issues in Nigeria. The theory of social exclusion is adopted to explain the extent to which people of concern have been excluded from exercising and accessing their right to nationality in Nigeria. The paper is based on a desk review of secondary sources of information from international organizations, state agencies, and other relevant publications. Findings of the study revealed conflicts involving non-state actors in Nigeria and Cameroon largely account for forced displacement and nationality crises in Nigeria. The study also found that changes in Nigeria's borderlines, undocumented migration and ethnic agitations accounts for nationality crises in Nigeria. The study recommended that the government of Nigeria should ensure the proper registration and management of forced migrants and address the major causes of conflicts. There should be proper border management and clear laws on the acquisition of citizenship by persons of concern in Nigeria.


Abstract
This paper unpacks the management of local independence owned by the indigenous people of Lampung. The local independence of the indigenous people of Lampung in the form of Piil Pesenggiri philosophy of life needs to be managed as an asset or capital in shaping the character of the community. Piil Pesenggiri which includes four pillars, namely juluk adok, nemui nyimah, nengah nyappur and sakai sambayan contains noble values is important to be passed on and transformed to society. The focus of this study is on the role of traditional leaders (penyimbang) in building the character of ulun (people) Lampung based on the management of local independence. The data used this paper were obtained through observation, interviews and text analysis. Traditional leaders (penyimbang) manage their local independence through several sectors such as education, customary institutions, government institutions, community organizations, and religious institutions. Meanwhile, the role of traditional leaders (penyimbang) includes reconciling disputes, transforming and instilling the noble values of Piil Pesenggiri, encouraging local languages to be local content in education, and taking part in physical and non-physical development to advance the Lampung region.
Keywords: traditional leaders, ulun Lampung, piil pesenggiri local independence


We analyse the cubic spin-3 interaction in AdS space using the higher spin extension of the string-theoretic sigma-model constructed in our previous work, whose low energy limit is described by the AdS vacuum solution. We find that, in the leading order of the cosmological constant, the spin-3 correlator on the AdS4 string theory side reproduces the structure of the three-point function of composite operators, quadratic in free fields, in the dual d = 3 vector model. The cancellation of holography violating terms in d = 3 is related to the value of the Liouville background charge in d = 4. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to 'Higher spin theories and holography'.


Robert Bolton is the Senior Rangeland Management Specialist in the Rangeland Resources Division in the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Headquarters Offi ce in Washington, DC. In this position he is responsible for developing policy and preparing and issuing budgets for the BLM's Rangeland Management program. Bolton was raised on a wheat and cattle farm in north central Oregon, and graduated from Oregon State University with BS degrees in both Rangeland Management and Wildlife Science. Bob started with the BLM in 1978 and worked as a Range Conservationist and Supervisory Range Conservationist in Elko, Nevada. Later, Bob served as an Area Manager for 9 yr and State Weed Coordinator for 8 yr in Lakeview, Oregon. He worked as a Budget Analyst in the Washington Offi ce Budget Division from 2001 to 2003, and has been in his current position in DC since 2003. Bob, his wife, and 13-yr-old daughter (and two Border Collies) own and operate an organic grass-fed livestock farm in Maryland raising beef, lamb, goats, paint horses, and free-range poultry (layers, broilers, heritage turkeys). He found a few minutes during a typical busy day to answer an array of questions about the BLM and his perspectives on rangeland management.


This study investigates about the shearing behavior of simulated rock samples with several natural joint surface roughness and under different confining pressure conditions. Three samples of mortar blocks having three different kinds of joint surface roughness impressions were prepared for the laboratory tests. The direct shear tests were carried out for well mated 120 x 120 x 60 mm sized samples under constant shearing velocity and varying confining pressure conditions. The experimental results obtained thereafter helped in understanding various mechanical behaviors and their differences after the series of shear cycles. Mechanical properties such as Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC), shear stiffness of the joint after shear, dilation in the joint during shearing, peak and residual stresses and the amount of gouge material during shear were obtained. In this study, the influence of gouge material obtained after shearing has also been studied. As from earlier studies carried by Kishida and Sakurai (2007), it has proved to have a bearing effect for later cycles causing reduction in residual friction of a joint. The differences in the peak and residual stresses can lead to prediction of failure, whether ductile or brittle. The main objective behind this study is to learn about the varying mechanical properties in rock joints after series of shear cycles. These can be helpful in investigating the feeble nature of rock slopes during dynamic loading condition.


The decays D(s)+- -> mu+- nu and D(s)+- -> tau+- nu have traditionally been used to measure the D(s)+- meson decay constant f_D(s). Recent measurements at CLEO-c and the B factories suggest a branching ratio for both decays somewhat higher than the Standard Model prediction using f_D(s) from unquenched lattice calculations. The charged Higgs boson (H+-) in the Two Higgs Doublet Model (Type II) would also mediate these decays, but any sizeable contribution from H+- can only suppress the branching ratios and consequently is now slightly disfavoured. It is shown that constraints on the parameters tan(beta) and m_H+- from such decays can be competitive with and complementary to analogous constraints derived from the leptonic meson decays B+- -> tau+- nu_tau and K+- -> mu+- nu_mu, especially if lattice calculations eventually prefer f_D(s) < 250 MeV.


Semantic segmentation in cataract surgery has a wide range of applications contributing to surgical outcome enhancement and clinical risk reduction. However, the varying issues in segmenting the different relevant instances make the designation of a unique network quite challenging. This paper proposes a semantic segmentation network termed as DeepPyram that can achieve superior performance in segmenting relevant objects in cataract surgery videos with varying issues. This superiority mainly originates from three modules: (i) Pyramid View Fusion, which provides a varying-angle global view of the surrounding region centering at each pixel position in the input convolutional feature map; (ii) Deformable Pyramid Reception, which enables a wide deformable receptive field that can adapt to geometric transformations in the object of interest; and (iii) Pyramid Loss that adaptively supervises multi-scale semantic feature maps. These modules can effectively boost semantic segmentation performance, especially in the case of transparency, deformability, scalability, and blunt edges in objects. The proposed approach is evaluated using four datasets of cataract surgery for objects with different contextual features and compared with thirteen state-of-the-art segmentation networks. The experimental results confirm that DeepPyram outperforms the rival approaches without imposing additional trainable parameters. Our comprehensive ablation study further proves the effectiveness of the proposed modules.


This review highlights various aspects of the new functional classification of pituitary adenomas which is based on detailed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis and correlation with clinical and biochemical findings. In addition, current investigation of the non‐hormonal aspects of these tumours is discussed, includins the application of flow cytometry in tumour ploidy studies.


The methods for calculating reservoir WE capability were introduced, and the pollutant emission quantity limit was inquired here. The WE capability was analyzed and compared in different conditions and the views were proposed on making rationally use of WE capability.


In this paper, we combine statistical analysis of written texts and simple stochastic models to explain the appearance of scaling laws in the statistics of word frequencies. The average vocabulary of an ensemble of fixed-length texts is known to scale sublinearly with the total number of words (Heaps' law). Analyzing the fluctuations around this average in three large databases (Google-ngram, English Wikipedia, and a collection of scientific articles), we find that the standard deviation scales linearly with the average (Taylor's law), in contrast to the prediction of decaying fluctuations obtained using simple sampling arguments. We explain both scaling laws (Heaps' and Taylor) by modeling the usage of words using a Poisson process with a fat-tailed distribution of word frequencies (Zipf's law) and topic-dependent frequencies of individual words (as in topic models). Considering topical variations lead to quenched averages, turn the vocabulary size a non-self-averaging quantity, and explain the empirical observations. For the numerous practical applications relying on estimations of vocabulary size, our results show that uncertainties remain large even for long texts. We show how to account for these uncertainties in measurements of lexical richness of texts with different lengths.


Numerical performance assessments of deep geologic disposal systems of long-lived radioactive wastes serve as the primary tool for quantitatively assessing projected performance and for making regulatory compliance decisions, both in the U.S. and disposal programs abroad. However there is a significant body of opinion, expressed in the international literature, that the confidence that can be placed on such assessments decreases significantly as the analysis time frames increase into the many hundreds of thousands of years. With the inclusion of highly corrosion resistant metals in the planned waste package designs for the Yucca Mountain (YM) system commercial spent fuel and defense-generated high-level radioactive waste disposal, published projections for the site show doses to the receptor at times extending into the many hundreds of thousands of years. The question of relative confidence in dose projections becomes more important at very long time frames, particularly when the time frame for significant doses increases dramatically reflecting the effects of using highly corrosion resistant materials. To examine uncertainties in performance assessments of the YM disposal system over very long time frames, a site model developed by the U.S. Department of Energy to assess sensitivities in peak dose performance was modified and used to examine the propagation of uncertainties for a hypothetical disposal system. These analyses start with a hypothetical disposal system at the "edge-of-compliance" at 10,000 years, reflecting the generic repository standard in 40 CFR Part 191. The hypothetical system was poised to give a mean dose of 0.15 millisievert/year (15 mrem/yr.) at 10,000 years, by allowing a fixed number of waste packages to "fail" within the first 5,000 years after closure. By maintaining the number failed waste packages constant over time, the spread in dose estimates over the time to peak dose was calculated for this system perched at the "edge-of-compliance" at 10,000 years. This hypothetical construct removes waste package performance from the analyses and allows the site model to explore the effects of uncertainties in the natural barrier and site conditions on the dose projections out to the time of peak dose. The sensitivities of these projections to various "driver" parameters were examined, including infiltration rates, solubility constraints, water chemistry and roof collapse assumptions. Overall, the initial construct showed a one and one-half order of magnitude spread between the 5 th and 95 th percentiles at 10,000 years, the initial state for the analyses. This spread increased to approximately three and one-half orders of magnitude at peak dose, reflecting the effects of transport and retardation mechanisms on the fixed source term. The model eliminated portions of the transport path from the repository where relatively little retardation would be expected.


Political engagement means more than reliance on a single medium, but requires collective human action. In making this argument, I consider how the media landscape, along with social and political contexts, have contributed to this process of shifting political power in Egypt. This background contextualizes the limitations of a dominant Hollywood narrative in U.S. media, not only telling a reductive tale of hero, victim and villain, but also privileging the role of social media as an anthropomorphic heroic sidekick. Mediated communication can be valuable as a vehicle for mobilization and as a site for political contestation, but it is the access to the production and reception of knowledge that matters. In essence, the critical issue in political resistance is power, not technology.


This thesis deals with the issues of classical and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is focused on a comparison of differences between both mehtods. It also analyses the origin of post surgery complications and the need of analgetics in the post surgery period. The thesis consists of a theoretical part which deals with the questions of gallbladder disease and bile ducts, surgery procedures as well as pre-surgery and post surgery care. For the practical part the retrospective examination was used. The research field is summarized by means of charts and graphs and it is subsequently completed with written comments.


The current and temperature distributions in a conductor are affected not only by the magnetic effect of the current, i.e., skin effect, but also by the variation of resistivity with temperature. Consequently the two are interdependent, and since the resistance change amounts to between three and four percent for every 10°C rise in temperature in metals, and is still greater in insulators, its effect can be quite appreciable. A complete solution for the steady state is given herewith.


The present pattern of Cyberspace Security remains vulnerable to attacks but difficult to defend. Traditional defensive measures are mainly detecting and blocking, with a certain degree of passivity and hysteresis. As a game-changer, mimic defense [1] will definitely bring revolutionary changes to this pattern. DHR [2] (Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy) is the basic architecture of mimic defense. This paper analyses effectiveness of the security of this architecture and the impact of key parameters on it, based on mimic defense DHR. To improve security of executive sets, executive scheduling method based on K-means clustering is devised in this paper, making the maximum heterogeneous degree possible and guaranteeing the randomness of scheduling algorithm, in the result, the difficulty of attacks increases. Furthermore, this paper proposes a centralized resource allocation method for each executive based on feedback control [3], targeting evolving the system by reducing response time of executive sets. In the end of the dissertation, the actual deployment and test verification are carried out based on the mimic Web server [4] platform.


Background: Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease. There is a disproportionately high level of dental caries experience in children from low-income families. Dental sealants have been proven to be effective at preventing caries development. Access to care is an enormous obstacle preventing necessary dental treatment such as dental sealants in school-aged children; school-based dental sealant programs (SBSPs) have been shown to minimize barriers to dental care, increase sealant use and decrease caries incidence. Although Pennsylvania has indicated the need to create dental public health interventions, no such statewide program has been developed for a SBSP. Public Health Relevance: Due to the high prevalence of untreated dental decay in school- aged children in Pennsylvania, a school-based sealant program is a feasible and needed way to increase sealant use and reduce dental caries incidence in children. This goal is in accordance with the benchmarks set out by Health People 2020. Proposed Intervention: This essay proposes developing a statewide school-based dental sealant program manual for use by counties across Pennsylvania.


This paper presents the loss analysis on the saturated iron-core superconducting fault current limiter (SISFCL) for a VSC-HVDC transmission system. The numerical model of SISFCL as well as its loss calculation on superconducting parts were carried out by the finite-element method (FEM) using the H-formulation merged into the commercial package COMSOL. The SISFCL model was established for a practical ±10 kV VSC-HVDC system, and the fault current situation was simulated using the PSCAD with a SISFCL. The capability of fault current limiting was verified using the analysis of electromagnetic characteristics, and the corresponding patterns of magnetic field in the iron-core were studied. During the process of fault current limiting, the instantaneous power losses in the superconducting components were studied with the increasing DC bias current. Even in a DC grid system, results proved there were considerable amounts of losses occurred in the superconducting parts, when the SISFCL encountered the fault currents.


In the framework of LEXIS (Large-scale EXecution for Industry & Society) H2020 project, CIMA Research Foundation is running a 3 nested domain WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model with European coverage and weather radar data assimilation over Italy. Forecasts up to 48 hours characterized by a 7.5 km resolution are then processed by ITHACA ERDS (Extreme Rainfall Detection System), an early warning system for the heavy rainfall monitoring and forecasting. This type of information is currently managed by ERDS together with two global-scale datasets. The first one is provided by NASA/JAXA GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) Mission through the IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM) Early run data, a near real-time rainfall information with hourly updates, 0.1° spatial resolution and a 4 hours latency. The second one is instead provided by GFS (Global Forecast System) at a 0.25° spatial resolution.
The entire WRF-ERDS workflow has been tested and validated on the heavy rainfall event that affected the Sardinia region between 27 and 29 November 2020. This convective event significantly impacted the southern and eastern areas of the island, with a daily rainfall depth of 500.6 mm recorded at Oliena and 328.6 mm recorded at Bitti. During the 28th, the town of Bitti (Nuoro province) was hit by a severe flood event.
Near real-time information provided by GPM data allowed us to issue alerts starting from the late morning of the 28th. The first alert over Sardinia based on GFS data was provided in the late afternoon of the 27th, about 40 km far from Bitti. In the early morning of the 28th, a new and more precise alert was issued over Bitti. The first alert based on WRF data was instead provided in the morning of the 27th and the system continued to issue alerts until the evening of the 29th, confirming that, for this type of event, precise forecasts are needed to provide timely alerts.
Obtained results show how, taking advantage of HPC resources to perform finer weather forecast experiments, it is possible to significantly improve the capabilities of early warning systems. By using WRF data, ERDS was able to provide heavy rainfall alerts one day before than with the other data.
The integration within the LEXIS platform will help with the automatization by data-aware orchestration of our workflow together with easy control of data and workflow steps through a user-friendly web interface.


Contrary to GOLD recommendations, patients at low risk of exacerbation and moderate airflow limitation are frequently prescribed inhaled corticosteroids. 1 Recent data from INSTEAD showed that patients with moderate COPD and no exacerbations in the previous year can be switched from SFC 50/500µg BID to indacaterol 150µg with no efficacy decrease. 2 Exploratory symptom efficacy data are presented here. Methods were published previously. 2 Patients recorded morning/evening daily respiratory symptoms, cough, wheezing, sputum volume and colour, breathlessness, sore throat, cold and fever. This analysis was a prespecified exploratory objective. The percentage of nights with no night-time awakenings, days with no daytime symptoms, and days able to perform usual daily activities were calculated over 12 and 26 wks treatment, as were mean individual diary symptom scores. There were no statistically significant differences between indacaterol and SFC for any variable, illustrated in Table 1. Patients at low risk of exacerbation can be switched from SFC to indacaterol with no deterioration in symptoms or symptoms scores.
 Vestbo J et al Respir Med 2014;108:729-36 Rossi A et al ERJ 2014;44:1548-56


OBJECTIVES
Advances in surgical techniques and chemotherapeutic options have expanded indications for surgery in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This study aimed to examine how hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgeons approach the management of patients with hepatic colorectal cancer metastases (HCCM).

METHODS
A web-based survey utilizing 10 clinical scenarios was distributed by e-mail to 37 HPB surgeons in Ontario, Canada. The study region has a population of approximately 13 million people and a universal, single-payer health care system. Descriptive analyses were used to tabulate results.

RESULTS
Twenty-two (59%) surgeons responded to the survey. The majority (19/22, 86%) of respondents favoured neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with multiple synchronous and unilobar metastases; only nine of 22 (41%) respondents favoured neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with a single synchronous metastasis. In the setting of residual resectable disease following downstaging chemotherapy, 77% (17/22) of surgeons advocated hepatic resection with either radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or wedge resection of the 'ghost' lesions. Over 80% of surgeons would perform a liver and pulmonary resection in a patient with hepatic and multiple unilobar lung metastases. None would offer liver resection to patients with multiple retroperitoneal node involvement, although 55% (12/22) would do so if a single retroperitoneal node was involved. Preoperative portal vein embolization was favoured over RFA in patients with a small metastasis and inadequate functional hepatic volume.

CONCLUSIONS
Notable heterogeneity was observed among Ontario's HPB surgeons in approaches to HCCM.


PURPOSE: A process for preparing block-copolymer latexes with excellent storage stability, capable of making transparent coats, by the use of both (a) alkylbenzensulfonic acid salts and (b) alkyl or alkylphenyl ethers of polyethylene glycol as emulsifiers. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio


This paper discusses the issue of developing halal food and its role in halal tourism in Indonesia to be more competitive with other Muslim countries. This study aims to explore the role of government and the Muslim community in general in the development of halal food and tourism in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative literature review. Based on the results of the analysis obtained the hypothesis that the role of government in the application of halal certification is very influential on the level of consumptive tourists. Indonesia with a Muslim majority population must be able to become a halal industry producer which is currently still dominated by countries with Muslim minorities such as Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and even small countries like Singapore. Examining government regulations related to tourism and halal food will provide enlightenment on the importance of stretching halal tourism destinations with halal food offerings in Indonesia.


Abstract Introduction Studies have shown that processes used during initiation of non-invasive respiratory (NIV) therapies (including CPAP and BPAP) for children, can influence subsequent compliance with therapy. Methods We implemented a structured checklist as a way of standardising a number of the steps during initiation of NIV in our paediatric sleep medicine service. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children initiated on NIV between Nov 2018 and Dec 2020. We hypothesised that our use of a structured approach to the initiation process, with electronic documentation, would indicate areas in the initiation process that are associated with improved compliance with the therapy, in the long term. Results Initial results revealed that 220 children were commenced on therapy during the 2-year study period (51 BPAP & 169 CPAP). Total numbers with forms present 136 (62%) and complete forms 56 (41%). Forty-six (90%) children commenced on BPAP had forms present and 34 (74%) were completed. Ninety (53%) children commenced on CPAP had forms present and 22 (25%) were completed. Further analyses will evaluate whether sections of the initiation process and checklist (day (of week) of discharge, in-patient vs HITH, attendance at 1st follow-up appointment, financial assistance, severity of disease, eligibility for government-funded equipment) influence compliance when monitored by download at the first, subsequent sleep study. Discussion Use of standardised processes during initiation of NIV therapies can aid in evaluation of the factors that positively influence subsequent compliance with therapy.


Ostracodes are bivalved microcrustaceans that live in nearly all types of aquatic environments. The chemical compositions of the calcified part of their carapaces are frequently used as an empirical proxy in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We investigated the compositions and the distribution of Mg and Sr within valves of a recent ostracode, Neonesideaoligodentata, using an electron microprobe analyzer. Each of the investigated valves displayed large variations in Mg and Sr concentrations compared to the variations in Ca (and probably O). There were no systematic chemical differences between right and left valves of each carapace, and between male and female carapaces. Although there were some deviations, the valves consisted of, at least, three chemical bands: (1) a narrow (usually <10 μm) high‐Mg, Sr outer band (Outer Band), (2) a heterogeneous low‐Mg, Sr middle band (Middle Band), and (3) a high‐Mg, low‐Sr inner band (Inner Band). The high‐Mg, low‐Sr Inner Band was well developed at the inner part of the margin, including the marginal infold. The high‐Mg, Sr Outer Band is thought to be formed during the early stage of carapace formation when the calcification rate is high, whereas other parts formed at later stages with a relatively slow calcification rates. Since bairdioidean ostracodes, exemplified by Neonesidea oligodentata, have a long geological history and are abundant in many regions, further studies on the mechanism of the Mg/Ca distribution in these ostracodes will provide a suitable tool to estimate paleotemperatures in various marine environments.


It is incorrect to assume that high population growth is an impediment to the development of Africa. This assumption has no scientific basis rather it is ideological in purpose. The terminology used by demographers from colonial powers is often nonapplicable in an African context. An opposite view a pro-natalist ideology is held by the African masses. This African view can be explained by a high mortality rate among the population and the need to raise families as a form of social security especially regarding employment. As an alternative to confining population study in Africa to analyses of fertility and mortality rates several more pertinent areas of concern should be emphasized: 1) public health systems; 2) African control of its own commerce and industry as a way to reverse the pattern of unemplo yment; 3) meaningful trained programs in the schools to foster a sense of self-support in the individual; 4) upgrading of agricultural methods and policies to improve the huge rural population and 5) improvement of public services and utilities.


Astrophysical jets are a common feature during star formation. It is believed that magnetic fields play a key role in the formation of these jets, however the interaction of the jet with the ambient medium far from the source is dominated by purely hydrodynamical processes [1]. Appropriately scaled laboratory experiments, in which the amount of advected magnetic field can be controlled, can aid our understanding of the observed complex structure of these jets. The use of pulsed power-driven ablation of conical wire arrays [2] has allowed the production of supersonic, radiatively cooled jets scalable to astrophysical systems. In some of these experiments, the advected magnetic field was dynamically significant, which was most evident in the interaction of the jet with an ambient medium [3]. To enable the full range of jet dynamics to be studied, it is desirable to be able to modify the jet magnetisation within the same experimental setup. Here we present experimental results from a new conical wire array jet-launching platform, in which the magnetic field advected by the jet is expected to be significantly reduced in comparison with previous experiments. This is achieved by preconditioning the wires with a pre-pulse current [4], allowing the formation of a supersonic jet driven by a fast plasma implosion. These experiments are carried out on the Magpie (~1 MA, 250ns) pulsed power generator, using a suite of high temporal and spatial resolution diagnostics. Faraday rotation polarimetry, Thomson scattering and laser interferometry, allow direct measurement of the magnetic field, electron and ion temperatures, flow velocities and electron density distributions.


A new viewpoint is proposed for the understanding of the quantum phase transition from the rotational excitation model to the vibrational excitation model.Namely,a nucleus populated at height-momentum state is decoupled first to the yrast-band with E2-trasitions and then to the coexisting region,wherein the structure-energy is released.This event induces the change in nucleon coupling intensity and the reconstruction of the ground-states of the vibrational excitation model.Consequently,the ground-state quantum phase transition is completed.Microscopically,this is a benignant and calm transition.A detailed discussion is presented with 128Ce nucleus as an example.


This paper analyzes the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the housing market cycle in China through theoretical and empirical analysis. The housing market cycle and the regional differences are investigated both on the national level and using data from four typical cities from China. It is found that house prices are determined by the current and lagged macroeconomic variables such as GDP. Significant regional differences in house prices are also identified. In the long run, there is a stable equilibrium relationship between macroeconomic factors and house prices. The elasticity of GDP, income and investment to house prices are greater than one. In the short run, the error correction mechanism can correct the deviation of house prices from the long run equilibrium level through a slow and gradual process. Among the four typical cities, Beijing and Shanghai have greater fluctuations in their house prices than Guangzhou and Chongqing.


The potential of triphoton production to obtain limits on anomalous Higgs boson couplings at $H\gamma\gamma$ and $HZ\gamma$ vertices is studied in a model-independent Standard Model Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework for the post-LHC circular high-energy hadron colliders: High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), High Energy LHC (HE-LHC) and Low Energy FCC (LE-FCC) which are designed with standard configurations of 14 TeV/3 ab$^{-1}$, 27 TeV/15 ab$^{-1}$and 37.5 TeV/15 ab$^{-1}$. Madgraph in which the effective Lagrangian of the SM EFT is implemented using FeynRules and UFO framework is used to generate both background and signal events. These events are then passed through Pythia 8 for parton showering and Delphes to include realistic detector effects. After optimizing cuts on kinematics of three photons as well as the reconstructed invariant mass of the two leading photons, invariant mass of three leading photon is used to obtain constraints on the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators. We report the result of two dimensional scan of $\bar{c}_{\gamma}$ and $\tilde{c}_{\gamma}$ couplings at 95\% confidence level and compare with LHC results. Our obtained limits without systematic error on $\bar{c}_{\gamma}$ ( $\tilde{c}_{\gamma}$) are $[-1.01;1.01]\times10^{-2}$ ($[-1.04;1.04]\times10^{-2}$), $[-0.97;0.97]\times10^{-2}$ ($[-0.98;0.98]\times10^{-2}$) and $[-0.77;0.77]\times10^{-2}$ ($[-0.78;0.78]\times10^{-2}$) for HL-LHC, HE-LHC and LE-FCC, respectively.


Let G = Spec A be a linearly reductive group, and wG ∈ A∗ be G-invariant and wG(1) = 1. We establish the algebraic harmonic analysis on G and we compute wG when G = Sln, Gln, On, Sp2n, by geometric arguments and by means of the Fourier transform.


Companies that use their own stock to finance acquisitions have incentives to increase their market values prior to the acquisition date. This study examines whether such companies strategically disclose good news or withhold bad news in order to boost their high stock prices. I find that stock swap acquirers are not more likely to issue favorable management forecasts during the period before the acquisition compared to the period after. On the other hand, I find strong evidence that stock swap acquirers are less likely to issue unfavorable management forecasts. The results suggest that forecasting good earnings news is perceived to be more costly than is remaining silent when the company has bad news. I also examine revisions to analysts' earnings forecasts in order to capture any disclosures that companies make other than through management forecasts of earnings. I find that analysts' forecasts of stock swap acquirers are not revised up but they are revised down less during the period before the acquisition. Consistent with the evidence from management forecasts, these findings suggest that stock swap acquirers do not disclose good news but they do withhold bad news in order to maintain higher stock prices.


The creation of real-time 3D representations of cultural heritage sites is be coming more common. However, empty streets can seem sterile and lifeless. We present a framework that coversthe processes required to bring static models of scenes/buildings from a 3D modelling package into a real-time navig ation & interaction system and the addition of crowds of virtual humans to the world. Creation of 3D chara cters is often a time consuming task and thus methods have been employed to create the illusion of greater varie ty in the crowd without additional modelling requirements. Efficient rendering of the crowd is also importan t; they should enrich the scene without detracting from the real-time experience. We also present the use of a grid based behaviour system which scales to sufficiently large crowds (in excess of 1000 individuals), and the use o a series of pre-computed image maps for fast retrieval of values for the automatic placement of people in the scen e, where they can move (including archways) and the changes to their behaviour near obstacles.


Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the medication in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. Thus improving efficacy of the drug and reducing side effects. Intranasal drug delivery – practiced for thousands of years, and given a new pact of life. It is a profitable delivery method for drugs that are active in low doses and show no minimal oral bioavailability such as proteins and peptides. The nasal route bypasses hepatic first pass elimination associated with the oral delivery: it is easily approachable and suitable for self-medication. The large surface area of the nasal mucosa affords a rapid onset of therapeutic effect, potential for direct-to-central nervous system delivery and non-invasiveness; all of which may maximize patient convenience, comfort, and compliance. Also it is fast in action and suitable for the drugs that degrade in gastrointestinal tract. Nose-to-brain delivery also avoids blood brain barrier which is important factor to be considered in formulation of CNS targeting drugs.


A rare case of ground nesting by the Japanese Brown Thrush, Turdus chrysolaus, in Yamanashi Pref. is reported. The chicks seemed growing better than in normal branch nest; possibly the parents fed them easier at this ground nest.


Fen process roast beef, cattle meat processing belonging to the technical field of the slice selection, the preliminary curing materials, materials prepared bone soup, pickled, baked, take type, cooking, flavoring, packaging and sterilizing a total of nine steps completion, which is characterized by a shelf natural herbal aroma liquid brewed in a special way, without the use of chemical preservatives, such products can no longer be guaranteed free of chemical residue premise shelf life; while using a large soup marinated , making roast beef not only contains bone incense, and calcium; when using green pepper flavored oil retains the flavor of the Tujia ethnic; the advantages that the product does not contain nitrite and can long shelf life, does not use chemical additives, not only completely preserved beef protein, nutrient-rich, and bake until cooked beef, taste the unique, long time to eat tire products not only meet the food safety requirements, but also allow consumers to enjoy the Tujia ethnic flavors of delicious beef.


Through instances occurred in GB 11557 tests,the author analyses the effect of the steering column,steering wheel,distance between steering wheel rim and reference line of the body block and the steering column fixing angle to the force applied on the body bosom block,and indicates the insufficiency of GB 11557,and set forth some advices.


The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992–1995 was characterized by campaigns of ethnic cleansing, systematic rape and genocide. It left the country devastated and completely transformed. The Dayton peace...


The first 21 years of monitoring of congenital malformations by a hospital-based program affiliated to the International Clearinghouse is analyzed. The foundation activities, methodology, data and time trends are presented and precautions in interpretation of this information are emphasized. The great majority of congenital malformations, including Down syndrome, have stable rates making the search of their causes and the development of intervention methods much harder. The practical implications of these data and the appropriate recommendations are discussed.


Some aspects of discounting of infinite streams of economic quantities (consumption, saving, utility) are considered. The main points of the paper may be summarized as follows. The philosophy of discounting concerns methods of evaluation and/or comparison of multi-period phenomena and processes. The techniques applied (numerical, analytical) may equalize the gravity of subsequent generations or privilege certain generations rather than other ones. They can – to some extent – influence quality of life and the chances of survival in future generations. These (quite natural) connections between discounting and intergenerational justice and sustainability have been pointed out. Systems of axioms for "ethical†and "sustainable†preferences are presented, together with some related (sub)disciplines. Inspirations derived mainly from psychology suggest the modification of the geometric discounting paradigm by slowing down the convergence of discount factors to zero. It should be pointed out that such "heavy tailed†discounting has proved to be useful (and become strongly recommended) for evaluation of a variety of long-time horizon undertakings. Some examples of non-classical discounting rules are given. Finally, the author's proposal of modeling the duration of the world as a Poisson random variable has been formulated.


In order to solve the problem of fault identification and location of cable lines in urban areas, a Head and End Measurement (HEM) based cable fault identification and location method is proposed. Starting from the transmission line equation, the voltage and current signals of the head and end are respectively used to calculate the voltage value of the fault point at the same time, and the voltage characteristics under different faults are analyzed to realize the fault identification. Taking a cable with a length of 5km as an example, a simulation model was established in MATLAB. The simulation results showed that the fault location error was less than 1%. At the same time, the method proposed to this paper was not affected by the power grid frequency fluctuations and harmonics.It had good applicability.


Type, antimicrobial activity and toxicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine disinfectant and the selection of neutralizer were reviewed,and its applications were introduced.


Post-traumatic vasospasm is a well-recognized complication of head injury. However, symptomatic vasospasm rarely occurs in patients with mild head injuries. A 58-year-old female patient presented with head injury and a traumatic subarachnoid hematoma along the left lateral fissure, which subsequently induced symptomatic vasospasm. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain showed acute infarction of the left middle cerebral artery. Angiography demonstrated multiple segmental narrowing of the left middle cerebral artery near the hematoma spatially in accordance with PTSV. In conclusion, early recognition of PTSV is crucial to improving neurological outcomes.


A new R0 value for Na−O bonds of 1.756(42) A was determined from 301 NaOn complexes. The bond valence sum analysis suggests a covalent interaction of the Na+ ion with aromatic rings and/or organic anions. The BVS analysis of Na(15-crown-5)+ cation complexes requires additional bonding interactions which can be used to explain the enhanced stability of the cation complex both in solution and in the solid state relative to that in the gas phase.


Provisioning scarce resources among competing users and jobs remains one of the primary challenges of operating large-scale, distributed computing environments. Distributed storage systems, in particular, typically rely on hard operator-set quotas to control disk allocation and enforce isolation for space and I/O bandwidth among disparate users.
 In [7], we set up an experimental market-based system to run auctions and send clear price signals to storage users to encourage a more balanced allocation of storage usage against other resource dimensions. The final resource allocations illustrated how a market mechanism can lead to significant, beneficial changes in user behavior. This mechanism im- proved resource allocations for current user demands, but still suffered from the fact that users and operators are very poor at predicting future requirements and, as a result, tend to over-provision grossly.
 In [5], we attempted to address this by collecting detailed usage information for multiple years and employing the use of ensemble forecasting methods to produce predictions of future resource needs. Specifically, we measured the disk space usage, I/O rate, and age of stored data for thousands of different engineering users and teams in a large private cloud spanning dozens of clusters on multiple continents.
 We found that although the individual time series often have non-stable usage trends, regional aggregations, user classification, and ensemble forecasting methods can be combined to provide a more accurate prediction of future use for the majority of users.
 Both of these approaches demonstrated the potential to improve the accuracy of our demand forecasts and capacity planning process, but significant operational challenges remain.


e13039 Background: Familial lung cancer is rare. Previous studies have identified random EGFR mutations associated with the inherited lung cancer. Reports also show that TP53 and CDKN2A mutations may predispose individuals to lung cancer, and MUC16 plays important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung cancer cells through regulating TP53. However, the molecular findings of familial lung cancer are still few. Methods: We have identified an extremely rare family, four siblings diagnosed with lung adenocarcinomas and one with bladder cancer; all lung cancer patients had multiple synchronous nodules. Their father was also lung cancer patient and deceased. We extracted tumor tissue DNA, genomic DNA (gDNA) and circulating cell-free DNA (ctDNA) from the 5 patients and analyzed the DNA samples using a 500-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Results: TP53 P72R and other 3 CDKN2B-AS1 germline mutations were identified in all the 5 patients. Although the 3 CDKN2B-AS1 mutations are commonly occurred in population according to dbSNP, these observations are consistent with a hypothesis that TP53 P72R and the CDKN2B-AS1 germline mutants may synergize in predisposing the family members to cancer. Interestingly, 3 MUC16 mutations ((rs754254000, rs754856910, and rs746152510) were all identified in the four lung cancer patients, but none were identified in the bladder cancer patient. All of the 3 MUC16 mutants had very low population allele frequency (all below 0.1%,) suggesting that the MUC16 germline mutations may play roles in the familial lung cancer, which is consistent with previous reports demonstrating the involvement of MUC16 in lung cancer cell growth. Moreover, all the four lung cancer patients had somatic mutations of EGFR L858R/exon 19 deletion prior to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), including one patient with L858R and exon 19 deletion in different tumor nodules, which is consistent with molecular characteristics in synchronous primary lung cancer. Conclusions: We have demonstrated in this study that germline MUC16 mutations may predispose the inherited cancer family members to lung adenocarcinomas. This study provides a clue of the cause of familial lung cancer and also warrants further mechanistic study of MUC16 gene in lung cancer.


When used QJ35 variable voltage proportion electric bridge to measure the variable voltage proportion of nonstandard trial transformer,I found that in the specification of which,the description related to the polarity switch position had made some mistakes.I bring out my own opinion about the mistakes.And the number and polarity of twelve connection of the three phase transformer is concluded in this paper.Which is convenient for operator to consult and use for reference.


The reduction of energy losses, particularly nontechnical losses, in the distribution network has become one of the priority business goals in companies engaged in distribution of electricity. Accordingly, Electric Power Industry of Serbia use distribution network losses as one of the key elements that indicate the degree of quality of performing its business activities. In this paper, we propose a system for automation of electricity theft detection and monitoring. The proposed system uses analysis of existing data already owned by electric distribution company and does not require expensive equipment. Common model, based on elements of Common Interchange Model, is implemented in order to provide means for the exchange of information between different information systems within Electric Power Industry of Serbia. Proposed systems is already implemented and used in production in different parts of Electric Power Industry of Serbia.


Purpose: We compared running economy (RE) and 3-km time-trial (TT) performances of male recreational runners wearing the Nike Vaporfly 4% (NIKE), lightweight racing flats (FLAT), and their habitual footwear (OWN). Methods: Eighteen male recreational runners [age: 33.5 (11.9) y, V̇O2peak: 55.8 (4.4) mL·kg-1·min-1] attended 4 sessions ~7 days apart. The first session consisted of a V̇O2peak test to inform subsequent RE speeds set at 60, 70, and 80% of the speed eliciting V̇O2peak. In subsequent sessions, treadmill RE and 3-km TT were assessed in the three footwear in a randomised, counterbalanced crossover design. Results: RE was improved in NIKE (3.6 to 4.5%, p ≤ 0.002) and FLAT (2.4 to 4.0%, p ≤ 0.042) versus OWN across intensities, with a trivial difference between NIKE and FLAT (1.0 to 1.6%, p ≥ 0.325). NIKE 3-km TT (11:07.6 ± 0:56.6 mm:ss) was superior to OWN by 16.6 s (2.4%, p = 0.005) and FLAT by 13.0 s (1.8%, , p = 0.032), with similar times between OWN and FLAT (0.5%, , p = 0.747). Only 29% of runners were more economical across intensities and faster in NIKE. Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicate that NIKE could benefit RE in male recreational runners at relative speeds when compared to OWN, but not when compared to FLAT. More runners exhibited better TT performances in NIKE (61%) versus FLAT (22%) and OWN (17%). The high variability in individual RE (-3.1 to 12.1%) and TT (-3.8 to 8.2%) shoe-responses suggests that individualisation of running footwear prescription is warranted.


Men dominate and oppress women. The law facilitates this domination and oppression. Each effort at law reform on behalf of women essentially fails. Absent a radical transformation of the relations between men and women, none of this is going to change to any significant degree. This is what feminist legal scholarship tells us. I hate this despairing message. That the message is true only makes me hate it all the more. There is, however, another message in feminist legal scholarship. This other message does not deny the reality of domination and oppression. Instead, it adds a vision of redemption. In this redemptive strain of the scholarship, there is a bridge, between the oppressive reality of today's world and the future, redeemed world in which being a woman does not make one a special object of domination, oppression, and physical violence. This redemptive vision does not depend on the illusion of an imminent and dramatic transformation of the world. Like all true redemptive visions, it offers instead a way of living and working within one's unredeemed reality. This Article attempts to clarify further the redemptive vision of feminist legal scholarship without masking the reality of its despairing message. One can do this by viewing the work of the feminist legal scholars through the ideas derived from Robert Cover's extraordinary work, Nomos and Narrative.' Cover taught that we inhabit a normative universe, a nomos, within which "[w]e constantly create and maintain a world of right and wrong, of lawful and unlawful, of valid and void."2 Feminist legal scholars are engaged in the activity of maintaining a feminist nomos. The law they create diverges from the State's law. The world they imagine is radically different from today's world. Their messages of despair and redemption manifest the tension between today's world and their imagined world. The law that governs the lives of women, like all law, is a product of interpretation and an act of commitment. The interpretation truly becomes law only when someone is prepared to act on it. Judges, juries, prosecutors, police officers, and other state actors, must be prepared to act on their interpretation.


DNA in plasma after secukinumab treatment. Our study found no significant change in CMV or EBV loads in plasma or PBMC fractions following secukinumab treatment, although we did identify a numerical increment in the proportion of EBV positivity and mean EBV viral load in PBMCs. Further studies with larger numbers of psoriasis patients are needed to fully assess the safety of IL-17 antagonists in terms of CMV and EBV viral reactivation.


Summary There are several professional competences involved in the creation of a museum exhibition. This article investigates the collaboration between the artist/scenographer and the museum. Further, it seeks to contribute to a historical understanding of such collaborations by exploring the work created by the Swedish artist/scenographer Lennart Mörk in the 1960s and 1970s. It analyses the arguments used to justify the involvement of an artist/scenographer, and looks more closely at the nature of the collaborative work that ensued when the two exhibitions Oskuld – Arsenik (1966/67) at Nordiska museet and Gustaf III (1972/73) at Nationalmuseum were created. The article argues that the recruitment of a theatre decorator/stage artist, as this group of professionals were referred to at the time, was part of a strategy that allowed the museum to realize complex exhibition concepts, while also making the display more emotionally engaging and accessible, something that was increasingly demanded of the museums at the time. Moreover, it challenged a traditional museum exhibition format, placing less focus on the authentic museum objects and more focus on sensory experience and aesthetics.


In this paper, starting from Biot–Savart mechanics for entangled vortex-membranes, a new theory — knot physics — is developed to explore the underlying physics of quantum mechanics. Owning to the conservation conditions of the volume of knots on vortices in incompressible fluid, the shape of knots will never be changed and the corresponding Kelvin waves cannot evolve smoothly. Instead, the knot can only be split. The knot-pieces evolve following the equation of motion of Biot–Savart equation that becomes Schrodinger equation for probability waves of knots. The classical functions for Kelvin waves become wave-functions for knots. The effective theory of perturbative entangled vortex-membranes becomes a traditional model of relativistic quantum field theory — a massive Dirac model. As a result, this work would help researchers to understand the mystery in quantum mechanics.


The Zr-modified Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy with 0.14wt%Zr addition was studied against the counterparts of commercially used EN-AC-42000 (Al7Si0.5Cu) baseline alloy for the effect of Zr on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of 150, 200, 250 C. It was found that the fatigue life was significantly improved by 8-10 times at the high stress amplitude of 140 MPa in the Zr-modified alloy at all different temperatures. The fatigue strength coefficient, σf , of the baseline alloy was 574.9, 589.8, and 514.8 MPa at 150, 200, and 250 C, respectively, which was greatly increased to 1412.3, 620.1, and 821.6 MPa for the Zr-modified alloy. The tensile strength was considerably improved by 34%-50%, dependant on the testing temperatures. The improved fatigue and tensile properties in the Zrmodified alloy could be mainly ascribed to: (1) the refined microstructure, with α-Al grain size decreasing from 335 to 253 μm and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) dropping from 39 to 28 μm; (2) the reduced porosity; and (3) the additional precipitates strengthening effect by the nano-sized Al-Si-Zr-Ti dispersoids.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Precisely, the goal of the device is to initiate a friction force between the delivery system and the arterial vessel wall to both assure immediate stent deployment and prevent axial advancement of the stent-anchoring wire. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A prototype was constructed and its effectiveness of applying a friction force to a vessel wall was tested ex vivo using an LRX Plus Materials Testing Machine. Afterwards, the experimental performance of the device was compared to that of a finite element simulated model. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The device demonstrated the ability to apply a friction force to the vessel wall to meet its objective. However, experimental values were consistently greater than those gathered from the simulation. Since the force prescribed by the device is minimal, future work includes increasing the force capabilities of the device and defining force requirements. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Upon further development and testing, this device can be implemented into endovascular neurosurgery to improve occlusion rates of intracranial aneurysms and reduce patient risk during these operations. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: I am pursuing intellectual property on this invention. I was careful not to describe the invention in too much detail in my abstract submission for this reason. This research is my thesis work, and I placed on one year embargo on it before it is published to give us time to sort out IP. I would like to be considered for inclusion in Translational Science 2020 if I am able to get IP on this work before publishing, which I expect will be the case. I have every intention of obtaining IP before the conference in April 2020.


It is of great significance to identify the complaint intention information and research on the intention classification for complaint work order of home broadband in mobile customer service. However, there is no research on the intention classification of complaint work order(CWO). To reduce the cost of manual analysis and improve the result of the intention classification, this paper proposes a fusion method which is based on traditional machine learning technology, deep learning and pre-training technology to identify the intention information of CWO. The highest value of F_weight_avg reaches 73.80%, indicating that the method proposed is effective.


In the transient interaction between the laser and the material, because of the medium memory effect, the transient response of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) to the pulse train of high power laser is different from the effect of the single pulse. This paper discusses the SRS of the pulse laser. The gain expression of Stokes field is given. It can be seen that as the interval T increases, the Stokes's gain decrease. When the pulse number N is large enough, the gain of the Stokes pulse arrives at the steady-state value. The memory effect is the most important fact, influencing the gain of the Stokes field. At the edge of each pulse there is the Stokes field.


The effects of the different fiber contents on the properties of the Wood fiber/jute fiber/polypropylene fiber composite are discussed in this paper.The composites are formed with nonwoven air formed method in mats and are pressed in panels.The results indicate that the MOR and water resistance properties of the composites were improved by adding much more PP fibers.Increasing jute fiber can improve the MOR and MOE of the composites obviously,but the water resistance properties are decreased at the same time.The composite will get the best properties while it consists of 40% PP fiber,30% jute fiber and 30% wood fiber.


Microstructures and the fatigue performances of AA6061-T6 friction-stir-welded overlap joints were investigated.It was shown that the grain deformation of TMAZ was more serious in the retreating side than that in the advancing side.All the fatigue fracture sites of specimens were initiated at the more serious hooking defect,in which the up-trend was larger.When R was equal to 0.1,the fatigue strength Δσk of Aluminum alloy FSW overlap joints was 18.25MPa for the 95% survival probability,which meant an increase of 31.11% as compared with the Δσk=13.92MPa of Aluminum alloy fusion overlap welded joints.Besides,it was observed that the slope value m for the S-N curve of the FSW joints was 5.39,which was higher than that of the fusion welded joint set to 3.0-3.5.So the FSW joint had better fatigue strength than that of the fusion welded joints in the long life region of fatigue performance.Fatigue cracking was initiated at the surface defects or strengthening phase particles locating at the bottom of the upper plate,which were corresponded to the hooking position.


Eastern Nevada is widely recognized as a region of tectonic extension. The dominant structures are generally agreed to be low-dipping, younger over older faults and steeper listric faults that are responsible for the basins (grabens) and ranges (horsts). In the Schell Creek-Duck Creek Range, east of Ely, and in the White Pine Range, southwest of Ely, small lenticular structures bounded by tectonic discontinuities can be clearly seen in the field. These lenticular units, or stretch structures, range in length from a few meters to more than 200 m. All lenticular stretch structures that can be clearly seen in the field are stratigraphically restricted; the stretched formations are the Eureka Quartzite, the Pilot Shale, the Joana Limestone, and the Chainman Shale. Still larger stretch structures, which may include several formations, are inferred, and the authors suggest that extension has created lenticular structures at all scales. The Duck Creek and Schell Creek Ranges east of Ely consist mostly of Devonian and older rocks. They are separated by a topographically lower area containing mostly Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks. This structure, which separates the ranges, has been referred to as a graben, but field evidence suggests that it is a large-scale lenticular stretch structure.more » Unlike a true graben, the structure does not extend downward. For example, in several places within the supposed graben, Cambrian and Ordovician rocks project through a cover of Carboniferous Chainman Shale and Ely Limestone, suggesting the Chainman-Ely is a thin sheet underlain by Cambrian-Ordovician rocks. Accordingly, they suggest that extension in the Duck Creek-Schell Creek Ranges stretched the formations into lenticular bodies. Between the Duck Creek and Schell Creek Ranges, the Cambrian-Ordovician is attenuated, and the resulting tectonic depression is occupied by a lenticular mass of Carboniferous rocks.« less


An important concern for preclosure safety analysis of a nuclear waste repository is the potential release to the environment of respirable aerosol particles. Such particles, less than 10 {mu}m in aerodynamic diameter, may have significant adverse health effects if inhaled. To assess the potential health effects of these particles, it is not sufficient to determine the mass fraction of respirable aerosol. The chemical composition of the particles is also of importance since different radionuclides may pose vastly different health hazards. Thus, models are needed to determine under normal and accident conditions the particle size and the chemical composition distributions of aerosol particles as a function of time and of position in the repository. In this work a multicomponent sectional aerosol model is used to determine the aerosol particle size and composition distributions in the repository. A range of aerosol mass releases with varying mean particle sizes and chemical compositions is used to demonstrate the sensitivities and uncertainties of the model. Decontamination factors for some locations in the repository are presented. 8 refs., 1 tab.


The use of the Taguchi method with grey relational analysis, to determine the laser micro-drilling parameters with consideration of multiple quality characteristics, is studied in this paper. The effort has been made to minimize the micro-drilling defects, such as hole taper and heat-affected zone width, spatter and maximize hole circularity to produce high-quality micro-drills on Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser Micro-Drilling (LMD) of Al7075/SiCp Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). The drilling parameters, namely laser power, pulse frequency, assist gas pressure and pulse width are optimized with respect to circularity, spatter, heat affected zone and taper. Using the Taguchi quality design concept, an L25 Orthogonal Array (OA) table is chosen for the experiments. From the grey analysis, a grey relational grade is obtained and based on this value an optimum level of drilling parameters has been identified. Furthermore, using analysis of variance method, significant contributions of process parameters have been determined. The results of the confirmation experiment show that the optimal laser drilling parameters can be determined successfully so as to perk up numerous quality characteristics through this approach.


Displaceable memory employed annular register shifts the contiguous subset loop register in the displaceable memory data words stored. Displaceable memory comprises a memory built-in word-level shifting capability. The memory includes data words stored plurality of annular registers. Contiguous subset of data words are between sets of annular registers intrinsic plurality of the memory ring register of the shift from the first position to the second position. Contiguous subset of the data word has a size smaller than the total size of the memory. When the displacement of the contiguous subset of the memory shift only in the data word within the contiguous subset stored.


T he administrative principles of Stephen T. Mather, first director of the National Park Service, are the foundation for the park system's successes. Mather and his successors, Horace M. Albright and Arno B. Cammerer, believed with missionary zeal that expanding and opening the parks to the public through good roads, trails, and accommodations would not only save these scenic wonders but would convince the government and the public of their inestimable economic, patriotic, educational, recreational, and, later, environmental values. With the businesslike optimism of a marketing salesman, Mather declared that "our national parks are practically lying fallow, and only await proper development to bring them into their own."1 Historians, having accepted the importance of Mather and his successors, have dealt mainly with the formulation of park policy at the national level. This approach has yielded important insights into the evolution of the "national park idea" but has left other questions unexplored. For instance, who were the so-called Mather men directing development in each of the parks? How did they translate the Mather tradition into individual park policies? And most important, how did the Mather tradition inspire and invigorate park development on a local level?2 Park historian William C. Everhart has drawn an analogy between the individual park superintendent and the


Electron-hole exchange interactions can lead to spin-forbidden ''dark'' excitons in direct-gap quantum dots. Here, we explore an alternative mechanism for creating optically forbidden excitons. In a large spherical quantum dot made of a diamond-structure semiconductor, the symmetry of the valence band maximum (VBM) is t{sub 2}. The symmetry of the conduction band minimum (CBM) in direct-gap material is a{sub 1}, but for indirect-gap systems the symmetry could be (depending on size) a{sub 1}, e, or t{sub 2}. In the latter cases, the resulting manifold of excitonic states contains several symmetries derived from the symmetries of the VBM and CBM (e.g., t{sub 2}xt{sub 2}=A{sub 1}+E+T{sub 1}+T{sub 2} or t{sub 2}xe=T{sub 1}+T{sub 2}). Only the T{sub 2} exciton is optically active or ''bright,'' while the others A{sub 1}, E, and T{sub 1} are ''dark.'' The question is which is lower in energy, the dark or bright. Using pseudopotential calculations of the single-particle states of Si quantum dots and a direct evaluation of the screened electron-hole Coulomb interaction, we find that, when the CBM symmetry is t{sub 2}, the direct electron-hole Coulomb interaction lowers the energy of the dark excitons relative to the bright T{sub 2} exciton. Thus, the lowest energy exciton ismore » forbidden, even without an electron-hole exchange interaction. We find that our dark-bright excitonic splitting agrees well with experimental data of Calcott et al., Kovalev et al., and Brongersma et al. Our excitonic transition energies agree well with the recent experiment of Wolkin et al. In addition, and contradicting simplified models, we find that Coulomb correlations are more important for small dots than for intermediate sized ones. We describe the full excitonic spectrum of Si quantum dots by using a many-body expansion that includes both Coulomb and exchange electron hole terms. We present the predicted excitonic spectra. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.« less


The problems present in the domestic large size extruder, the analysis of the causes, and the recommendations for improvement are introduced. Through design and upgrading the extruder has met the requirements of process.


Aim: This study was conducted to test segmental and extra-segmental temporal summation (TS) effects of repetitive mechanical stimulation in patients with painful temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and healthy individuals. Methods: Twenty patients with unilateral pain in the TMJ and 20 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were included. A modified Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol was performed including pressure pain thresholds (PPT), mechanical pain thresholds (MPT), and numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of TS effects of 10 repeated 0.5 kg, 1.0 kg pressure stimuli and pinprick stimuli were determined as wind-up ratios (WUR) on the glabrous skin of the dominant hand (extra-segmental) and bilaterally in the TMJ region. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data analysis. Results: The PPT and MPT were significantly lower on painful TMJs compared to non-painful TMJs (P=0.001) and control TMJs (P=0.001). WUR of repetitive mechanical stimulation on painful TMJs was higher compared to control TMJs (P ≤ 0.012). Non-painful TMJs also had significantly higher WUR of pinprick stimuli compared to control TMJs (P=0.008). Except the WUR of repetitive mechanical stimulation (P=0.030) no significant differences were detected at the hand for any of the test parameters between the two groups (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with unilateral TMJ pain have segmentally, but not extra-segmentally, increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli including facilitated temporal summation mechanisms at segmental as well at extra-segmental sites.


Assessment of forest water-use (WU) is undoubtedly important and necessary, especially in water scarcity areas that are already suffering the main negative impacts of climate change. However, instead of just determining how much water is used by a forest, it is also important to evaluate how forest-WU responds to forest management practices such as thinning, a widely recognized alternative to promote improvements in the hydrologic balance while maintaining or improving forest resilience. Thus, this thesis proposes three integrated studies performed in an area of Aleppo pine subject to experimental thinning in Eastern Spain. The first study was modelling an artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate daily WU independently of forest heterogeneity provided by thinning. Stand WU was accurately estimated using climate data, soil water content and forest cover (correlation coefficient, R: 0.95; Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, E: 0.90 and root-mean-square error, RMSE: 0.078mm/day). Then the ANN modelled was used for gap-filling when needed and those results were used in the following studies. The secondly study addressed the question of how tree-growth, WU and water balance changed as a consequence of thinning. To this end, the influence of thinning intensity and its effect at short-term (thinned in 2008) and at mid-term (thinned in 1998) on the water-balance components and tree-growth were investigated. The high-intensity thinning treatment showed significant increases in mean annual tree-growth from 4.1 to 17.3 cm2 yr-1, a rate which was maintained in the mid-term. Mean daily WU ranged from 5 (control) to 18 (high intensity thinning) l tree-1. However, when expressed on stand basis, daily WU ranged from 0.18 (medium intensity thinning) to 0.30 mm (control plot), meaning that in spite of the higher WU rates in the remaining trees, stand WU was reduced with thinning. Large differences were found in the water balance components between thinning plots and control. These differences might have significant implications to maintain forest resilience, and improve forest management practices. The third study, brings forth two interesting points and their responses to thinning, WU and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi). First, the relationships between growth and climate were studied at mid-term in order to identify if thinning can improve forest resilience. Second, the relationships between WU and WUEi was explored to identify how these factors were affected by thinning at short-term. A substantial limitation of tree-growth imposed by climatic conditions was observed, although thinning changed the tree-growth-precipitation relationships. Significant differences in WUEi were found after thinning at mid-term, however no significant difference was observed at short-term. Despite this, in general WUEi decreased when precipitation increased, with different slopes for each thinning intensity. Different patterns of the relationship between WU and WUEi were found, being positive for thinned plots and negative for control plot at short-term. Finally this thesis suggest that thinning in Aleppo pine plantations is effective in changing the relationships between WU and WUEi, furthermore, this thesis introduces a novel contribution by looking at the inter-related effects on growth, WU, WUEi and water balance in Mediterranean forest subject to thinning.


Background/Aim: A novel immunosuppressant, mizoribine (MZB), has recently been reported to be effective in the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), although its mechanism of action remains unknown. This study was conducted to investigate whether the efficacy of MZB on IgAN is exerted by suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 4 children with IgAN (median age 13.0 years) and 4 control children (median age 5.2 years). PBMC were cultured with medium alone or medium with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then incubated with LPS and MZB. Culture supernatants were assayed for lL-6. Results: IL-6 release was increased by LPS in all subjects. Although the median value was higher in IgAN patients (median increase in IL-6 release 1,298.1%) than in controls (median 489.2%), statistical significance was not reached (p > 0.05). 10 mg/ml of MZB suppressed the release of IL-6 in both IgAN patients (median decrease in IL-6 release 39.3%) and controls (median 43.2%), with statistical significance (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that MZB could suppress IL-6 release in vitro and thus may exert its efficacy on IgAN.


There is an intramolecular interaction in the lipid kinase Fab1 in which the upstream CCR domain contacts the Fab1 kinase region. Selected dominant-active alleles disrupt this interaction and result in elevated PI(3,5)P2. These findings suggest a regulatory mechanism that contributes to dynamic control of cellular PI(3,5)P2 synthesis.


Complete information static game model represented by cargo owner and forwarder was established.Results show that the risk can be decreased effectively by establishing principal-agent relationship between cargo owner,shipowner,etc,while matching with appropriate supervision mechanism. In addition,dynamic games with incomplete information was established by using Beyes rule and utility theory to mainly analyze the risk of ship company,which aims to provide reference for related enterprises.


The UV-vis and IR spectroelectrochemistry of W 2 (SBz) 2 (CO) 8 2- (1) in 0.1 M (TBA)PF6/CH 2 Cl 2 is reported (where SBz - =benzyl mercaptide).


The current trend in manufacturing industry is from mass production towards flexible and adaptive manufacturing systems and cloud manufacturing. Self-learning machines and robot systems can play an ...


This study is concerned with the analysis of short tapered composite square box columns subjected to the action of axial load. 9 models were analysed using finite element simulations. Results obtained are presented in the form of load- deflection diagrams, charts and tables. The finite element package, LUSAS has been used to carry out non-linear analyses of models to study the behaviour and ultimate load-carrying capacity of the columns. The effect of taper angle and thickness of steel plate on the axial stiffness and ultimate axial load capacity have been examined. It was concluded that taper angle and steel plate thickness have significant influence on the behaviour and strength of columns.


It is known that unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction and clustering is sensitive to the selection of hyperparameters, particularly for deep learning based methods, which hinders its practical use. How to select a proper network structure that may be dramatically different in different applications is a hard issue for deep models, given little prior knowledge of data. In this paper, we aim to automatically determine the optimal network structure of a deep model, named multilayer bootstrap networks (MBN), via simple ensemble learning and selection techniques. Specifically, we first propose an MBN ensemble (MBN-E) algorithm which concatenates the sparse outputs of a set of MBN base models with different network structures into a new representation. Then, we take the new representation produced by MBN-E as a reference for selecting the optimal MBN base models. Moreover, we propose a fast version of MBN-E (fMBN-E), which is not only theoretically even faster than a single standard MBN but also does not increase the estimation error of MBN-E. Importantly, MBN-E and its ensemble selection techniques maintain the simple formulation of MBN that is based on one-nearest-neighbor learning. Empirically, comparing to a number of advanced deep clustering methods and as many as 20 representative unsupervised ensemble learning and selection methods, the proposed methods reach the state-of-the-art performance without manual hyperparameter tuning. fMBN-E is empirically even hundreds of times faster than MBN-E without suffering performance degradation. The applications to image segmentation and graph data mining further demonstrate the advantage of the proposed methods.


In order to clarify the mechanism of the vehicle body hysteresis affecting "rigidity feeling", one of the driver's sensory evaluation in the driving test, the influence of friction acting on spot welding flanges on hysteresis, which is drawn by displacement – load diagram under static or relatively slow deformation of double-hat-shaped parts assembled by spot welding, is experimentally evaluated. By measuring the difference between loss energy of a specimen with strong contact on welding flanges and that of another specimen without contact, friction loss (energy dissipation generated only by friction excluding inevitable loss energy for measurement possessed by testing system itself) is calculated. The friction loss rising with increasing load amplitude and load rate confirms that friction hysteresis occurs in the structure even under the elastic deformation. In this paper, the load rate dependence and the extrapolation point to the zero load rate are evaluated as the dynamic and static characteristics of friction loss, respectively. As a result, the dynamic characteristic obtains a result proportional to the load amplitude, and the static characteristic is proportional to the square of the load amplitude. Additionally, a model with the reaction force as the sum of linear elastic resistance due to bending and shear deformation, Coulomb friction proportional to amplitude of displacement and viscous friction is proposed. Using this model, the prediction of static and dynamic characteristic of the friction loss shows good agreement with results of the experiment. Finally, the friction-induced hysteresis led from the model is quantitatively discussed.


With regard to the disadvantages of the traditional plasma spraying equipment:such as poor reliability,low accuracy,openloop control;an automatic control system for plasma spraying was developed by took DVP-20EX PLC as the core controller and Delta DOP-B10S615 touch screen as human machine interface.The system has real time monitor to the current of the main circuit by transmitter detection,and realized closed-loop control by using fuzzy logic and PID algorithms.The experiments shows the system has satisfying operation,Reliability and fine control effects.


The small power diesel engines are most demanding product in Indian market for power genset and Tractor applications. The basic requirements of the end user in off-road market are good response, transient performance, better low speed torque, better fuel efficiency and smooth operation of the engine. Additional requirements needed to sustain the market are downsizing of the engine, higher power to weight ratio and increased life of the engine. Turbo charging applied to off road diesel engines is a promising solution for enhancing rated power, low end torque, transient performance, better low-speed torque, optimized fuel efficiency and downsizing diesel engines. A trade-off is required to match some conflicting issues, i.e. overall dimensions, cost, emissions control and performance in order to sustain. Future Diesel engine emission standards will further restrict vehicle emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides. In the present work, reference is made to 1.29L, 2 cylinder in-line diesel engine for genset application and its conversion to off-road application satisfying all the needs of the market is attempted by the application of turbo charging. The development methodology adopted to achieve high pressure ratio turbo charging is discussed along with operating limitations. Turbo charging the internal combustion engine has become a key point in both reduction of pollutant emissions and improvement in engine performance. The matching between turbocharger and engine is difficult in two cylinder engines because of the highly unsteady flow and off-design conditions the turbocharger works with.


A chirped optical supercontinuum is used to map absorption spectra into temporal waveforms. Time-domain spectral measurement of acetylene is demonstrated using a modelocked fibre laser as the source of broadband radiation and a sampling oscilloscope for spectral measurement.


Large numbers of native-fitting and random-coil conformations of a small protein, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, have been generated as self-avoiding random walks on a face-centred cubic lattice. Random-coil conformations similar to the native X-ray conformation occur frequently enough to suggest that well-defined kinetic pathways for protein folding are not as necessary as is usually thought.


This chapter examines the question of which international organization or combination of organizations should guide development and implementation efforts for the supply chain security regime in the coming years. After providing background materials on risk assessment and management principles and a brief summary of supply chain security initiatives taken or under discussion by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), World Customs Organization (WCO), World Trade Organization, European Union, and the United States, the chapter suggests criteria that should be used in deciding how competency over the future development and implementation efforts should be allocated. Application of those criteria leads to the conclusion that the current joint effort by IMO and WCO best meets the public and private needs in maritime security system. At the same, the organizations' effectiveness should be periodically assessed against objective performance criteria to ensure that today's choice remains a sound one in our rapidly changing security environment. Keywords: European Union; International Maritime Organization (IMO); international organizations; international supply chain security; maritime security; World Customs Organization (WCO); World Trade Organization


The research tries to investigate the relationship between CEO characteristics and R&D activities. Making small and medium-sized listed companies in China as sample, using OLS analysis method, we make an empirical analysis on the relationship between CEO characteristics and R&D spending. Research results show that R&D spending is significantly and positively correlated with CEO shareholding, indicating that CEO shareholding help company to conduct R & D activity, CEO duality and R&D spending is negatively correlated, which indicate that CEO duality make CEO to seek personal interests and do harm to R&D, CEO tenure and R & D spending is significantly and negatively correlated, indicating that the longer the CEO tenure is, the more reluctant to carry out R&D, CEO education level is positively correlated with R&D spending, indicating that the higher the education level of CEO, the more R & D expenditure, shareholding has different influence on R&D under the condition of different ages and different tenure, old CEO who hold company share is willing to carry out R&D activity, CEO whose tenure is longer and holding company share is inclined to R&D activity.