Pwnmelo is an under-utilized citrus fruit with a potential for commercialization. Only several cultivars are conserved ex-situ, such as in homestead or botanical gardens. Such collections are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic hazards. The goal of the experiment was to study the effect of osmoticwn (i.e. sorbitol) and retardant (i.e. ancymidol) on growth of pummelo in-vitro. The experiments were conducted using randomized complete design and replicated three times. In vitro shoot with four leaves from pwnmelo, namely cultivar Srinyonya, were used as the plant materials. The treatments consisting of MS + sorbitol (0 gil, 20 gil, 40 gil and 60 gil) and MS + ancymidol (0 mgll, 1 mgll, 3 mgll and 5 mgll). The results indicated that based on plant height, number of new leaves, and visual plant architecture, all sorbitol treatments were slowing the growth of pwnmelo significantly. On the other hand, although retardant (ancymidol) was not significantly inhibit the growth, but it was better than osmoticum in improving the vigor of in vitro plant, increasing leaf green color, and increasing root initiation. Senescence of the leaves occurred in sorbitol 40 and 60 gil beginning at 20 WAC. The best media to conserve pwnmelo cv. Srinyonyawas sorbitol 20 gil.


This note is dedicated to the stability analysis of bilinear sampled-data systems, controlled via a linear state feedback static controller. A zero order hold device is used. Our purpose is to find a constructive way to calculate the maximum allowable sampling period (MASP) that guarantees the local stability of the system. The proposed stability conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMI).


In the present days, learning and teaching researchers have emphasized the charge which teachers, tutors, and trainers' constraint knowledge treat in re-sizing and trimming what they perform in educational space. Regarding English language as a subject to teaching, although the prominence of instructor knowledge about language grammar has also been stressed, but the lack of empirical insight into the relationship between teachers' self-monitoring of grammar knowledge and self- response have been observed. With particular attention to the grammar, this article indicates and discusses information obtained from self – feedback and conversing to teachers of a kind who backwash the issue. The result of the study indicates that enabling teachers to progress and maintain a logical and realistic awareness of their knowledge about the grammar have to be prominent goal for teacher's education and development programs. Keywords: grammar knowledge, self-monitoring, self-response, teaching grammar, language teaching programs.


A penning trap system called LPT (LANZHOU PENNING TRAP) is now being developed for precise mass measurements in IMP (Institute of Modern Physics). The most key component of LPT is a superconducting magnet. A 156 mm warm bore and two cylinder good field regions with a distance of 220 mm are required for trapping ions and measurements. As the required homogeneity is better than 0.5 ppm, several complicated coaxial coils are used to produce such a magnetic field. The size and position of these coils are optimized by using a method combining linear program with multiobjective optimization. Superconducting shim coils and passive shim pieces are used to eliminate inevitable winding tolerances and environmental influence. The fringe field is decreased to 5 Gs at 2 m line from the center of the magnet by active shielding coils. The designs of the mechanical structure, the quench protection system are also introduced in this paper.


Reverse osmosis (RO) for water desalination is a pressure driven technology that
utilizes thin-film composite (TFC) membranes as its core technological component. The
selectivity of commercial RO TFC membranes is provided by a ~100 nm thin semidense
and negatively charged poly(amide) (PA) layer, where performance is highly
influenced by electrostatic interactions between the liquid (water and solutes) and the
net surface charge of the membrane surface. Furthermore, the interfacial polymerization
manufacturing process leads to the formation of a rough surface, due to surface tensions
effects between the two non-miscible phases - carboxylate and aromatic amide. Over
the past four decades, the remarkable development of such membrane materials has
contributed to reducing RO energy consumption and increasing salt rejection to the
99.9% level. However, the chemistry and morphology of the PA layer continues to
promote unfavorable affinity with contaminants in the water – a phenomenon referred to
as fouling. 'Foulants', such as biological, inorganic and organic compounds, may
aggregate and accumulate on surface due to chemical affinity, electrostatic interactions
and physical adsorption in between the protusions of the rough material. Such
interactions across the surface of the membranes lead to reduced water transport and in
severe cases may cause membrane failure. Therefore, new routes to further refine the
properties of PA membranes are still required to develop more permeable membranes
with controlled surface charge.


Let Zn be a cyclic group of order n and C(Zn, S) the circulant digraph of Zn with respect to S?Zn\{o}. S is called a DCI-subset of Zn if, for any circulant digraph C(Zn, T), C(Zn, S)?C(Zn, T) implies that S and T are conjugate in Aut(Zn), the automorphism group of Zn. In this paper, we give a complete classification for DCI-subsets of Zn in the case of n=pa, where p is an odd prime.


With packet radio networks, the distance between source and destinat.ion nodes typically necessitat$es one or more nodes to relay data to the final destination. Thus, some form of routing must. take place. This paper explains several current network routing algorithms and shows their relevance to packet, radio networks. In addition, current research at. AFIT concerning the development of an automatic rout.ing algorithnl for Air Force Logistics Command's (AFLC) HF packet radio network is explained. 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Most, routing algorithms store node address information in tables, which show the next node to rec,eive a packet. These routing algorithms may be stat*ic or dynamic. If tOhe algorithms are static (nonadaptive) the table entries do not change during normal operateion of the network. Dynamic (adaptive) routing algorithms periodically update the tables too reflect. changes in the network's topology or utilization or both [6]. Since packet1 radio networks typically have changeable connectivitly, the routing mechanism must be capable of updating routing tables. This paper examines three basic t,ypes of adaptive routing algorithms: centralized, distributed, and isolated 171. The final section describes current0 research of an automatic routing algorithm for AFLC's HF packet. radio network. 2 CENTRALIZED ROUTING A centralized routing algoritlhm requires a routing control center (RCC) to make routing decisions based on information gained from each node within the network. Each node monitors connectivity and delay metrics among neighboring nodes and periodically sends this information to the RCC. The RCC calculates the best1 route (normally in terms of least, delay) and sends each node new routing table information depending* on the nlost. recently measured state of the network. s 105 In most cases, a source node needing to send data packets can notify the RCC of the source and destination. The RCC will respond with a special call request packet called a needle packet, that contains the route which is the most efficient circuit. The route is specified as an ordered set+ of nodes. The source node then sends the needle packet through the network to establish the circuit, and then data packets can follow. Although centralized routing offers a solution to adaptive routing, this technique has disadvantages worth discussing. For one, centralized routing requires a large amount of overhead due to routing information sent between nodes and the RCC. As a result, centralized routing may not, be suitable for some networks operating with limited bandwidth, such as HF packet. radio. Also, large networks having many nodes will require the RCC to perform lengthy calculations to determine optimum routes. Hence, the "optimum" table ent.ries may not be valid if the network topology changes rapidly. 3 DISTRIBUTED ROUTING With distributed routing, each node distributes routing metrics (connectivit.y informatioll, node delays) throughout the network, enabling other nodes to update routing tables. Distributed routing has proven to be very robust wit.h ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network). Within AR.PANET, each node periodically measures the delay to each node Ahin one transmission hop and puts this information into a status packet. Nodes wiUlin one tlransnrission hop are known as neighbors. The node then transmits the stat.us packet9 to each neighbor, which records the statlus information. Each neighbor repeats t,he delay measuring process, formulates a status packet9 containing local delay informadion as well'as delay information from incoming status packets and sends this status packet. to each of its neighbors. By having all nodes follow this process, each node will eventuall\v have an overall "picture" of the network in terms of node-tonode delays. Each of thb nodes can then determine the route of least delay by referring to the status information received from other nodes. Distributed routing requires a significant amount of overhead with packet radio net,works having highly mobile nodes. Each node must send status information often enough to account for rapid changes in topology due to node movement. Hence, the network must have a considerable amount of bandwidth available or suffer from rather low throughput. Jubin and Tornow explain that. the DARPA (D f e ense Advanced Research Project. Agency) packet radio network (not ARPANET) applies distributed routing techniques by having each node maintain a tier table [2]. The tier table specifies nodes that are one hop away (tier I), two hops away (tier 2), three hops away (tier 3), and so on. The tier table is arranged in a matrix format. The tiers represent. the rows, whereas the tier 1 ent$ries head off the columns. For example, node X could have a tier table as shown in Figure 1. Here, nodes A, B, and C are neighbors of node X; nodes D and E are neighbors of node A; node N and J are neighbors of node D; node F is a neighbor of node B, and


This discourse shows on the opinion in the expression of the culture by the sculptures and industrial production contact with art and culture,and the affection,which the two specialties bring out by the society and nature environment.In addition,I can get some enlightenment on industrial design comparable with each other.


Many techniques have been proposed to overcome the non‐uniqueness problem associated with calculating exterior acoustic radiation response when using various forms of the boundary element method. Each of the procedures have their relative merits. However a particular method, known as the exterior over‐determination technique which is iterative in nature, has been tested and does not converge as reported. The author of the proposed method has been contacted and it has been acknowledged that the method does not work as reported.


Analytical and numerical solutions are presented to elucidate the important physical aspects of the incoherent nonlinear interaction and propagation of high-intensity radiation in an absorbing (or amplifying) medium. The properties of radiation-driven one-dimensional density discontinuities or wave fronts are examined for monochromatic and broadband radiation sources, and for a nonlinear absorbing medium characterized by a spectral absorption cross section that is square, Gaussian, or Lorentzian. The effect of the angular distribution of the radiation source is considered in detail. The results of the analysis show that the propagation behavior of the radiation-driven wave front depends strongly on the spectral dependence of the absorption cross section. The wave front propagates with a constant shape and at a constant velocity v/sub b/ only for monochromatic radiation or a square absorption cross section. For a Lorentzian, v/sub b/approx.x/sup 1/2/ at large values of the propagation distance x. The absorption of intense radiation in a medium generally causes local heating, which can introduce hydrodynamic disturbances that propagate behind, along with, or ahead of the radiation-driven wave front. Conditions are derived for the amount of heat addition that is required to produce these disturbances for a given velocity of the wave front.


High-quality course network is another historical teaching construction and teaching reform accompanied by the In ternet emerge as the times require supplying.students,teachers,experts with a online communication,network learning,self as sessment self testing network interactive platform and has become a currier to realize information resource sharing online teaching and learning activities.This paper aims to help the teachers who apply high-quality course education to construct the network in formation release platform,which just needs a simple operation and it has a certain value.


With the increases in competitive business environment, forecasting of demand is directly linked up with the portfolio of the generating companies and considered as an important parameter of power system regulation. To take decisions like bidding of the power blocks in a pool market, trade decisions, generation schedules, dispatch and unit commitment operations require precise knowledge of the system demand. It is also essential to consider an accuracy of load forecasting to maintain balance in power system regulation. In this paper we propose sensitivity analysis with an application of adaptive supervised learning technique "Generalized Regression Neural Network" (GRNN) to know the effect of the change in parameters in forecasting engine performance. Different inputs are changed uniformly and fair comparison is carried out on the basis of standard error index Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).


Odontogenic infections progress rapidly and patients can deteriorate quickly. Deterioration is due to airway compromise and, if this is not addressed urgently, death from asphyxiation can result. Aggressive airway management reduces morbidity and mortality.


Thermodynamics of crystalline materials is analyzed using strain volumes, an incremental tensorial state variable which is the volume per unit mass multiplied by the incremental strain. It is shown that the derivatives of the strain volume variables with respect to the stresses are reduced to conventional well known isothermal, elastic, and crystallographic compliances and crystallographic thermal expansion coefficients. The formulism is extended to all third order derivatives which establish 77 new thermodynamic identities: 27 are thermal and 50 are among selected stress components of elastic compliances. The stress dependence of heat capacity is typically coupled into the crystallographic thermal expansion coefficient's temperature dependence; the temperature dependence of the elastic compliances is related to the stress dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients; stress dependent relationships among elastic compliances are also found. This paper emphasizes internal self-consistency. General triclinic identity relations which are of academic interest are applied to specific higher symmetries including orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic; identities in higher symmetry crystals are very useful. A new generalized, constitutive law is found and applied to isotropic polycrystalline materials; the concept is based on shear thermal expansion coefficients. The constitutive modulus relation describes thermal and pressure properties only through an isochoric modulus.Thermodynamics of crystalline materials is analyzed using strain volumes, an incremental tensorial state variable which is the volume per unit mass multiplied by the incremental strain. It is shown that the derivatives of the strain volume variables with respect to the stresses are reduced to conventional well known isothermal, elastic, and crystallographic compliances and crystallographic thermal expansion coefficients. The formulism is extended to all third order derivatives which establish 77 new thermodynamic identities: 27 are thermal and 50 are among selected stress components of elastic compliances. The stress dependence of heat capacity is typically coupled into the crystallographic thermal expansion coefficient's temperature dependence; the temperature dependence of the elastic compliances is related to the stress dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients; stress dependent relationships among elastic compliances are also found. This paper emphasizes internal self-consistency. General tricl...


Objective To explore the relationship of level of brain natriuretic peptide and lactic acid with the prognosis in patients with severe pneumonia so as to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of the disease. Methods 116 patients with severe pneumonia were selected and divided into the death group(n=48) and the survival group(n=68) in accordance with whether the patients died or survived. The changes in plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and lactic acid levels and APACHE II score on admission, 3d, 5d and 7d after treatment were compared between the two groups. And the correlation of plasma BNP and lactic acid levels with APACHE II were analyzed. Results Compared with the APACHE II score, the level of plasma lactic acid and BNP on admission, the APACHE II score, level of plasma lactic acid and BNP on 3d, 5d and 7d after treatment was significantly lower in the survival group respectively(P0.05) and obviously higher in the death group, respectively. The APACHE II score, level of plasma lactic acid and BNP at different time points after admission in the survival group was significantly lower than that in the death group, respectively(P0.05). There was significant correlation between the level of BNP and APACHEII score(r=0.846, P=0.00), there was a weak correlation between lactic acid level and APACHE II score(r=0.364, P=0.00). Conclusion Dynamic detection of BNP level can better predict the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia, and dynamically monitoring plasma lactic acid can be used as an auxiliary index for guiding the treatment, which helps to improve the prognosis of patients.


The oxidation kinetics of MoSi2 was investigated within the temperature range 600-1200/sup 0/C at an oxygen pressure of 740 torr, where the oxidation rate is very low. Data on the composition of the scale was obtained by petrographic and x-ray phase analysis. The various types of films formed at different temperatures are discussed. The reduction in the weight increase of MoSi2 specimens with increasing temperature is attributed to the volatility of MoO3. Results suggest that the oxidation is controlled by the passage of ions through the vitreous film firmly bonded to the base. At 740 torr and below 1000 G, the oxidation of MoSi2 is presumed to be accompanied by diffusion of oxygen through the scale to the inside, and of molybdenum and silicon ions to the outside.


Deforestation, over-cultivation and rural growth have severely damaged native vegetation of woodlands along roadsides in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region of Yunnan Province. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different reforestation practices, which consisted of natural restoration or planting with tree seedlings that varied in species composition, coverage and diversity, on damaged roadside woodlands. Three randomly selected 10 m x 10 m plots in each reforestation practice were investigated. The results showed that the species composition, plant cover and species diversity of the planted communities varied with reforestation strategies and time since planting. A higher number of species, proportion of native species and woody plants, canopy cover and species diversity were found in naturally restored plots and in 3 - 4 year old plots that were planted with native plants. In the early stages of reforestation, herbs dominated the plant community in most plots, and woody plants became more important with time after reforestation. Preliminary results suggest that plant height can be used an auxiliary indicator of plant cover to assess ecosystem function status of the restoration project. Also, evenness may be easier to restore than species richness. Natural restoration or reforestation with native dominant plants is a good management strategy for vegetation restoration or improvement.


Experiences in importing advanced e ducational concepts and training mo dels from foreign countries;setting up management systems for fo reign staff and teaching affairs;establishing correct guiding princip les in school operation and developing of high quality human resources in joint educational organizations are intr oduced based on Shenyang red river centre's practice.Correlation issues have also been touched and discussed in te rms of theory.


Hone, Joseph. The Life of George Moore. NY: Macmlllan, I963. Fp. 67, 120, 367. Quotes from 1933 Revue de Paris article (qv) and mentions Moore's annual visits to Mary in Paris. Grosskurth, Phyllis. John Addlngton Symonds a Biography. Lond: Longmans. 1964. Pp. 222-24J 230. 232, 24~2. 253. 263. 303; portrait on p. 262. Concerned with association with Symonds and letters he wrote to Miss R; suggests that he was "more than slightly enamoured" orf her. Describes her as a fair, feminine, clinging woman. [Gives date of meeting as 1880, although Janet Symonds Vaughan mentions visit of Miss R In I876.] Gunn, Peter. Vernon Lee, Violet Paget, I856-I935. Lond, NY, Toronto: OUP, 1964. Passim, Pp. 17-213. Portrait of Mary, p. 164. Concerned entirely with miss R's association with Vernon Lee from 1880 to I887, when It was broken by Miss R's plans to marry James Darmesteter. [Factually Inaccurate about date of Mme. D's death, P. 76]


A new gasification plant capable of recovering aluminium and generating power from used packaging material is being built at Varkaus in Finland. It is the world's first recycled-plastic gasification plant.


The (001) surface of heavily boron (B) doped silicon is investigated by employing the scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and the density functional theory calculations. Two different defect structures are found in the surface layers, both of which evolve the characteristic spectral features near the valence band maximum. One of the two incorporates a B atom in the second layer with the Si dimers intact and is scattered randomly in the layer. The other one incorporates a B atom in the fourth layer with a dimer vacancy produced directly above it and tends to get together with nearby dimer vacancies to grow the extended or line defects along the perpendicular direction to the dimer rows. Such defect formation is energetically favored to enhance the B populations in the second and fourth layers by $\ensuremath{\sim}120$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}80$ times, respectively, when compared to that in the bulk layer.


Background:
 The advent of highly sensitive End-Tidal CO2 (ETCO2) sensors allows effective monitoring of intubated patients in EMS. Previous work has explored the use of ETCO2 monitoring in non-intubated patients with sensors placed in the nares. However, little is known about the effect of passive O2 delivery [nasal cannula (NC) or high-flow, non-rebreather mask (NRB)] on ETCO2 measurement.

 Objective:
 To compare ETCO2 measurements in non-intubated Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients receiving O2 via NC vs. NRB in the field.

 Methods:
 A subset of cases from the EPIC EMS TBI Study (NIH-1R01NS071049) were evaluated (4/13-4/18). Non-intubated cases from 5 EMS agencies providing monitor data, including continuous ETCO2. Start and end segments were excluded to remove artifact from initiation ("ramp-up") or termination of monitoring.
 Statistics:
 Wilcoxon rank-sum test, two-sample t-test, and Chi-squared test were used as appropriate. Linear regression compared continuous variables in adjusted analyses (α = 0.05).

 Results:
 Included were 151 cases [median age: 52 (range: 9-91; 66% male)]. Of those, 62 (41%) received NCO2 and 89 (59%) via NRB. Patient-level mean ETCO2 was slightly lower in the NC group (mean = 26.9 mmHg; SD 6.7) compared to NRB (mean 30.2; SD 8.1; p=0.007). Differences in the mean were: Unadjusted: 3.3 (95% CI 0.9-5.7); Adjusted 2.7 (0.2-5.2). There were no significant differences in means of the patient-level lowest or highest recorded values.

 Conclusion:
 While there was a statistically lower ETCO2 in the NC versus NRB-oxygenated patients, it was around 3 mmHg and, thus, not clinically significant. This is surprising since: 1) the O2 flow rates and 2) the open-air (NC) versus mask (NRB) delivery methods are so dramatically different. Future study is needed to identify the clinical implications of using noninvasive ETCO2 measurement as a tool for monitoring ventilatory status and changes in non-intubated TBI (and other) patients in emergency settings.


This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital-to-time converter with coupled phase-rotating LC oscillators. Unlike conventional quadrature signal generation where circuit symmetry is carefully maintained, in the proposed design, the coupling circuits are intentionally skewed for phase and timing adjustments, while the total phase delay through the coupling circuits is set properly to ensure resonant operation. With 7-bit control across a full cycle, the proposed design can provide unlimited adjustment range. A prototype is designed and implemented with a 90-nm CMOS process, and a phase-locked loop is adopted to stabilize the operating frequency. With the core oscillators operating at 9.87 GHz, measurement results show an effective timing resolution of 1.71 ps. Phase noise at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset aie −117.7 dBc/Hz and −124.7 dBc/Hz, respectively. The entire DTC design consumes less than 50 mW at all output settings.


Despite beneficial impacts such as improving and sterilizing agricultural products via pest and disease control,pesticide pollution of soils continues to be a huge and growing environmental problem.Repeated and extensive application of pesticides ultimately percolates into the soil,which in turn interact with soil organisms and affect their metabolic activities.Biological activi-ties under continuous pesticide inputs constitute an important aspect of agro-ecological research.To better understand the potential environmental risks of pesticide fluazinam on soil microbial activity and soil quality,the residues and degradation dynamics of fluazinam in soils were determined in a laboratory simulation method.The effects of fluazinam pollution on soil basal respiration,and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of sucrase were analyzed.Significant fluazinam degradation rates were noted under higher application rates of fluazinam.The half-life of soil fluazinam degradation was 0.38~0.59 d.With increasing concentrations of fluazinam(50 mg·kg 1,100 mg·kg 1 and 1 000 mg·kg 1),the degrees of inhibition effect on sucrase activity increased.However,inhibition-activation-inhibition curves were fitted at lower concentration(1 mg·kg 1,5 mg·kg 1) treatments with large ranges of fluctuating.10 mg·kg 1 of fluazinam initially inhibited and later enhanced soil sucrase activity with a great fluctuation.The maxi-mum rate of enzymatic reaction(Vmax) of sucrase was noted along with different Michaelis constant(Km) under different fluazinam concentrations.The activation energy(Ea) of sucrose was higher under 1 mg·kg 1 fluazinam than that under the control(CK),but lower under other fluazinam concentrations than under CK.Activation enthalpy change(ΔH) decreased with increasing fluazinam concentrations(from 5 mg·kg 1 to 1 000 mg·kg 1).Sucrase activation entropy change(ΔS) under fluazinam concentration of 1 mg·kg 1 was lower than under CK for the same temperature conditions,though insignificant changes in free energy of activation(ΔG).The maximum velocity constant(Q10) was in the thermodynamic temperature range of 320~330 K,and minimum in 290~300 K.Soil microbial basal respiration initially decreased,followed by a increase under lower fluazinam concentration treatments.However,inhibition effects were noted in higher concentration treatments all through incubation period.The findings had useful applications in future research on enzymatic mechanisms in relation to pesticides pollution and soil integrity.


The necessity of equal potential connection of houses is analyzed. Especially according to equal potential connection in toilet its construction content and matters needing attention are elaborated. In the end author points out that the equal potential connection is the effective measures to reduce electric fire and hazard to guarantee personal safety.


The aim of this study was to know the effect of transflutrin and praletrin as
insect repellent on bronchus mice (Mus musculus). Eighteen male mice were
divided into three groups of treatment, P0 as control was not exposured to
repellent, P1 was exposured to transflutrin, P2 was exposured to praletrin. On day
15, all mice were euthanized using chloroform and taken their lungs then prepared
into histopathological specimen stamed. Completely randomized design were
used with three treatments and six replication. Hitopathological assessment under
microscope showed that transflutrin and praletrin caused erosion and hyperplasia
cell of bronchus epithelial higher than control treatment. Kruskall Wallis test
showed significant difference between control and treatment group (p<0.05).
Mann-Whitney Test showed no significant difference between treatments
transflutrin and praletrin (p>0.05).


Present Development planning in flood and rob (coastal floods) coping emphasizes collaboration, because the problems are too complex. It is very important to combine all of the stakeholder's resources for achieving common goals. Floods and rob have become a chronic problem for Pekalongan City, especially in Panjang Baru Village. Various treatments up to now have not been able to overcome the main problems and their emerged impacts. The coping by various stakeholders are still partial and oriented in an emergency situation. Institutional collaboration between all stakeholders is needed to maximize all resources. To reach the collaboration stage, it is necessary to measure the extent of the level and to find out how the collaboration map has been achieved by all stakeholders involved. Collaboration levels and maps can provide an overview of information about current collaboration achievements. The achievements understanding of existing collaborations can be used as an evaluation in reaching the collaboration stage. Quantitative method is used in this study, to measure the achievement level of collaboration using level of collaboration scale. This measurement also presented a map of collaboration among involved stakeholders. The measurement results obtained by the average value of collaboration are still low, not even reaching the level of coordination. The highest rating and anomalies from the values obtained are discussed in this study. Finally, the results of this study are expected to be an input and consideration for all stakeholders in overcoming flood and rob problems in Pekalongan City, especially in Panjang Baru Village.


In accordance with problems such as difficulty in obtaining aerodynamic parameters of a quad-rotor model, the change of model parameters with external interference affects the control performances, an aerodynamic parameter estimation method and an adaptive attitude control method based on LADRC are designed. Firstly, the motion model, dynamics model and control distribution model of quad-rotor are established by using the aerodynamic and Newtonian Euler equations. Secondly, the identification tool CIFER is used to identify the aerodynamic parameters with large uncertainties in frequency domain and a more accurate attitude model of the quad-rotor is obtained. Then an adaptive attitude decoupling controller based on LADRC is designed to solve the problem of poor anti-interference ability of the quad-rotor, so that the control parameter b0 can be automatically adjusted to identify the change of the moment of inertia in real time. Finally, a semi-physical simulation platform is used for simulation verification. The results show that the adaptive LADRC attitude controller designed can effectively estimate and compensate the system's internal and external disturbances, and the tracking speed of the controller is faster and the precision is higher which can effectively improve system's anti-interference and robustness.


A feedforward neural network architecture for survival analysis is presented which generalizes the standard, usually linear, models described in literature. The time variable is embedded in the model and the network is able to extract its interactions with other system features. The resulting model is described in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Experiments with synthetic and real world data show a comparison of this model with the standard ones.


PURPOSE: To easily coagulate and remove oil components in oil-containing waste water by adding to an oil-containing aqueous medium an ammonium salt or an amine salt of monohydroxystearic acid in which a water-soluble inorganic metal salt is copresent. CONSTITUTION: An ammonium salt or amine salt of monohydroxystearic acid such as a monoethanolamine salt of 1, 2 hydroxystearic acid, and an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic metal salt such as calcium chloride or the like in a suitable quantity, and stirred. By this procedure, the oil components in water are immediately condensed and float up. The thus produced coagulant floc can be easily separated even in a small quantity. This flocculant is easy to be adjusted and handled. In addition to general oil-containing waste water, oil-containing sludges, waste water containing metal cutting oil, waste water in which deyes or resins are mixed can be treated effectively. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio


The psychological themes of innocence, guilt, and betrayal are central to much of Morley Callaghan's works. As Patricia Morley indicates in her article, "Innocence Betrayal and Betraying," there is a significant difference in the treatment of innocence between Callaghan's novels of the thirties and his postwar work. Using the psychoanalytic model of criticism, this thematic development is examined from Callaghan's thirties period to his last novel, A Vlild Old IVlan on the Road (1988). Having established the psychodynamics within both representative novels from several phases in Callaghan's career, as well as the evolving pattern throughout, this analysis reveals a significant correlation between the psychological conflicts within each novel and period, and as they evolve thematically, the various dynamic points within the Oedipus Complex, as described by Sigmund Freud. Callaghan's protagonists feature an inherent Oedipal fixation: they attempt, to varying degrees, yet are unable to attain, Oedipal resolution.


The authors have observed the occurrence of a nonHall transverse voltage in the absence of any externally applied magnetic field as a film is brought through its superconducting transition either by changing temperature or current. This voltage goes from zero to a maximum and then back to zero as the transition is traversed in either direction. A model that accounts for these observations has been published by L.I. Glazman (1986). The experimental functional dependence of V/sub T/ is in good qualitative agreement with Glazman's theoretical predictions. This suggests that vortex-antivortex interactions, present in the mixed state of all superconductors, may be the cause for the observed nonzero V/sub T/. An orientational effect consistent with flux guiding which affects the amplitude of the observed peak and provides all explanation for the variation in amplitude has been observed. It is suggested that reports of anomalous Hall effect and resistance anomalies in the literature may be related to this effect.


As part of a long-term project a system needed to b e developed which enables hospital workers to quickly find answers to their questions regarding the MRSA patho gen. This paper focuses on how these questions can be an swered by using modern information retrieval and natural l anguage processing techniques on a frequently-asked-questio ns style database. It focuses on the theoretical foundations on which the final system was built.


The article discusses the free translations of W. Busch's rhymed story "Plish and Plum" (written in 1882) made by D. Kharms in 1936 and 1937. The analyzed story is a variant of creolized texts where the verbal and the visual parts maintain a complex relationship. Kharms preferred to realize the informational function of the text and almost neutralize the deictic one as well as to increase the narrative dynamics. He rejected extra verbal and visual detailing and long reflections. Kharms also rejected the verbal marking of polysubject situations and some plot-determined details that increased the importance of the visual part of the story. Choosing another type of narrator (neutralizing the elements of an implicit adult actor) and changing the ending of the story allowed Kharm not only to make that story part of new soviet cultural and educational tradition but also employ it as a part of the absurdist literature traditions. This was achieved through the usage of more complicated ways of verbal and visual reference.


Neural networks (NN) are used in high-performance computing and high-throughput analysis to extract knowledge from datasets. Neural architecture search (NAS) automates NN design by generating, training, and analyzing thousands of NNs. However, NAS requires massive computational power for NN training. To address challenges of efficiency and scalability, we propose PENGUIN, a decoupled fitness prediction engine that informs the search without interfering in it. PENGUIN uses parametric modeling to predict fitness of NNs. Existing NAS methods and parametric modeling functions can be plugged into PENGUIN to build flexible NAS workflows. Through this decoupling and flexible parametric modeling, PENGUIN reduces training costs: it predicts the fitness of NNs, enabling NAS to terminate training NNs early. Early termination increases the number of NNs that fixed compute resources can evaluate, thus giving NAS additional opportunity to find better NNs. We assess the effectiveness of our engine on 6,000 NNs across three diverse benchmark datasets and three state of the art NAS implementations using the Summit supercomputer. Augmenting these NAS implementations with PENGUIN can increase throughput by a factor of 1.6 to 7.1.Furthermore, walltime tests indicate that PENGUIN can reduce training time by a factor of 2.5 to 5.3.


High frequency common-mode voltage components caused by the PWM is a common problem in motor drive. It causes electromagnetic interference, over voltage stress in the winding insulation and bearing currents, which can cause premature damages an failures. The bearing currents problem can be mitigated by a proper selection of the PWM strategy.


It was reported that under the simultaneous stimulus of an electric field and shear, the particles in an ER fluid form lamellar formations in the direction of shear (adhered to one of the electrodes) which may be responsible for the ER activity more than the strength of the chains. In this way, it would be expected that the shear stress should change consistently with the morphology of the formations. In this work we studied the effect of shearing time, electric field strength and shear rate on the shear stress. We suggest that changes on shear stress with time are due to changes of the morphology of the lamellar formations.


The Romances of the Sui and Tang Dynasties was composed on the basis of previous works of similar topics,among which classical literary fictions and unofficial historical notes in Tang and Song Dynasties were important sources.Chu Ren-huo,the author,adopted the basic storyline of "afterlife marriage" from Lu Zhao's Anecdotic History and integrated sporadic materials from various sources to make the entire work a unified piece.Meanwhile,Chu also gathered plenty of "exotic and strange incidents" from the supernatural and legendary fictions and unofficial historical notes in the Tang and Song periods to enrich the content of his work and thus lend readability to the work.


Tonight I am going to exercise the prerogative of the President to make an address to a large extent unornamented by the extensive documentation and citations which perhaps too often go by the name of scholarship. My primary theme is our immigration policy. In developing this, I am going to deal mainly with the period from 1896 to 1910, since that is the period over which policy shifted from one at least theoretically laissez-faire to the selective policy inherent in the Immigration Act of 1910. My method will be to consider for a space the characters of two men, to follow that by narrative and analysis respecting the changes which occurred and then to draw together what seem to me to be the morals of the story. When Clifford Sifton took over the Ministry of the Interior in the autumn of 1896, entry to Canada was proscribed to three classes of persons only: the diseased; the criminal or vicious; and those likely to become public charges. Even these might find entry not too difficult if they went the right way about gaining it. The controls exercised under the law by the Minister covered only entries by ocean ports and here the general assumption was that only steerage passengers were immigrants. There was no control over those who entered by railway. Once immigrants coming by steamship had passed inspection and had become "landed immigrants" deportations were administered by the Department of the Interior with the assistance of the Department of Justice and generally on complaint of the municipal authorities. It was only after Clifford Sifton had left the cabinet in early 1905 that a sequence of events occurred forcing a series of restrictive measures which were finally embodied in the Immigration Act of 1910.


This article concerns the oblique derivative problems for secondorder quasilinear degenerate equations of mixed type with several characteristic boundaries, which include the Tricomi problem as a special case. First we formulate the problem and obtain estimates of its solutions, then we show the existence of solutions by the successive iterations and the Leray-Schauder theorem. We use a complex analytic method: elliptic complex functions are used in the elliptic domain, and hyperbolic complex functions in the hyperbolic domain, such that second-order equations of mixed type with degenerate curve are reduced to the first order mixed complex equations with singular coefficients. An application of the complex analytic method, solves (1.1) below with m = n = 1, a = b = 0, which was posed as an open problem by Rassias. 1. Formulation of oblique derivative problems Tricomi problems for second-order equations of mixed type with parabolic degenerate lines possess important applications to gas dynamics, and have been discussed in [1]-[15], [19, 20]. In this article, we generalize those results to second-order equations of mixed type with parabolic degeneracy and several characteristic boundaries. Let D be a simply connected bounded domain in the complex plane C with the boundary ∂D = Γ ∪ L, where Γ ⊂ {ŷ = y − x > 0} and is an element in C μ with 0 < μ < 1 and with end points z∗ = −R − iR, z∗ = R + iR; and L = L1∪L2∪L3∪· · ·∪L2N , where N is an odd positive integer, and for l = 1, . . . , N ,


ABSTRACT In this paper, we reveal three classes of asylum seeker sentiment in the Australian population. The first group are pro-asylum seekers who think Australians should help refugees, that government agencies should not be turning back boats carrying people seeking asylum, that immigration levels are low, and that current government policy is too tough. The second group are anti-asylum seekers who strongly disagree with helping refugees and people seeking asylum, and support a tough border policy. A third group are pro-government policy but largely sympathetic to refugees and people seeking asylum. We explain the demography and attitudes of these three groups using the theory on border securitisation. The securitisation actions and discourse position people seeking asylum as a threat. This has received widespread public endorsement. This is an empirical reflection of over two decades of influential Australian government discourse of antipathy towards refugees and asylum seekers. Successive Australian governments have tied those seeking asylum who arrive by boat with strict border enforcement policies that target people seeking asylum as a security threat to be repelled from the Australian mainland. This largely negative discourse has supported the merits of tough border controls. However, this discursive campaign has not entirely eradicated sympathy towards refugees and asylum seekers.


Performative manifestation of protests in recent times in India and elsewhere in the world are identified by gestures, which often emerge from protest sites, circulate in the public domain, and are seen as democratic articulations and dissent, particularly when right-wing state powers are trying to curb freedom of expression and subvert democratic practices. This chapter argues that the power of the gestural idiom surpasses the marginality of its location and has resulted in a large corpus of scholarly works focusing on theatrical gestures as protest dramaturgies and transgressive and agentive bodily idioms. In contrast to the growing right-wing rhetoric and cultural mobilization in spaces of mass congregations, which adopts stereotypical gestural rhetoric, these gestures of dissent can be read as self-critical, coming from theatrical practices, particularly those elaborated by Bertolt Brecht, influential in Europe and the postcolonial world. In addition, the chapter attempts to initiate a dialogue between theater and performance studies and studies in politics as common sites of performing dissent. The chapter further argues that, despite the difference in methodological approaches, there are potentials of critical dialogues across the disciplines. Case studies from contemporary India, relevant to the academic debates, describe and analyze religious festival and pilgrimage, instrumentalized for political electoral gains and a protest performance in civil society on the eve of the 2019 elections.


Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) interacts with endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and may exert a negative modulatory effect on eNOS. However, Cav‐1 knockout (CavKO) mice exhibit reduced vascular synthesis of NO. We tested the hypothesis that Cav1‐eNOS interaction in the caveolae prevents oxidation of the eNOS cofactor BH4, and thereby preserves stimulated NO synthesis, even if vessels are exposed to metabolic/oxidative stress. Acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced relaxation of aortic rings were studied in wild type (WT) and CavKO mice. CavKO mice exhibited a reduced ACh‐induced relaxation (39±2% vs 70±5% of WT), which in contrast to WT responses were not affected by the NOS inhibitor, L‐NAME. Incubation with Tiron (superoxide scavenger) restored ACh‐induced aortic relaxation in CavKO mice (75±12%) but had no effect on WT vessels. Sepiapterin, a BH4 precursor, also restored ACh‐induced relaxation in CavKO mice (75±10%). When mice were fed a high fat diet (60% fat for 15 weeks, HFD) ACh‐induced relaxation was preserved in WT mice (61±4%) but was markedly reduced in Cav‐KO mice (30±5%). In HFD animals Tiron or Sepiapterin enhanced relaxation to ACh in CavKO but not in WT mice. In normal conditions, and particularly during metabolic/oxidative stress, Cav‐1‐eNOS interaction seems important in preserving NO synthesis, likely via preventing oxidation of the eNOS cofactor BH4. (Supported by NIH HL104126, PO1HL43023 and BHF RE/08/004)


By comparative test on the surface temperature distribution of W-type radiant tuber with different burner structure,the main factors having effect on tube temperature uniformity for coaxially parallel jet burner are analyzed.The results show that the temperature of forepart tuber elevates while the temperature of posterior tube decreases with increase of gas speed;at the same time,the temperature of forepart tuber decreases while the temperature of posterior tube changes very little with increase of gas speed.When the proportion of second air increases,the tuber temperature decreases;however,the proportion of second gas has little effect on it.


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to furnish suggestions for improvement of the Air Mobility Command (AMC) Crew Resource Management (CRM) Anonymous Reporting System (ARS) reporting form based on current scientific literature. This report describes CRM dimensions and CRM evaluation techniques helpful in refining the AMC CRM ARS form. The AMC CRM ARS form is compared to research findings, and recommendations for revisions to the ARS form are provided. In summary, this report: reviews current literature regarding CRM; identifies concurrent CRM dimensions common to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the US Air Force (USAF), and mainstream CRM literature; identifies applicable CRM rating methods; evaluates the current AMC CRM ARS reporting form using widely accepted CRM dimensions and rating methods; and presents recommendations for the improvement of the AMC CRM ARS reporting form.


Solubility measurements are reported for zeolite A crystals and amorphous zeolite precursor in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at conditions pertinent to industrial synthesis (3.02−4.39 M NaOH, 303−353 K). Zeolite crystal solubility is generally, but not always, found to increase with temperature and alkali concentration. Zeolite precursor has much higher solubility than the zeolite A crystals at similar conditions.


We have studiedthe alterationsof DNA conformationin in vitrodepurinated or methylatedtopologicalisomersof the plasmidpAT 153. Depurination by heat/acidtreatmentor alkylationby methylmethanesulfonate(pathological modifications) resultin DNA unwindingdetectedas a reductionin the degree of supercoilingof DNA topoisomersas measuredby the alterationof electrophoreticmobilityon agarosegel. On the contrary,in vitro enzymicmethylation at the C-5 positionof cytosine (physiological modification) does not measurablyalter the tertiarystructureof the circularsubstrates.From the averagenumberof modifiedsitesneededto removeone superhelicaltwistfrom each singletopoisomerof a populationof partiallyrelaxedDNA molecules,we have calculatedan unwindingangle smallerthan -3.40per methylatedpurine and of approximately -12.00 per apurinicsite. These results,togetherwith previouslyreported values of unwinding by pyrimidine dimers, suggest a possiblemechanismof recognitionof damagedsites by repair mechanismsthat are not single-damage specific.


The paper studies the information supervision and regulation in China's stock market based on information asymmetry.By analyzing the structure of the information system of the stock market,the paper states the objects of information regulation in the stock market in order to correct information asymmetry and improve the development of the stock market.


Abstract The author presents sight rules to be used in judging advertising creativity. They can be followed by anyone but are particularly applicable to new graduates entering the field of marketing. Each rule is discussed briefly using examples as illustrations wherever possible. The rules are: (1) make sure that the advertising adheres to the creative strategy; (2) make sure the advertising is directed to the right audience; (3) make sure the advertising is single-minded; (4) make sure that you know what the creative people have in mind; (6) make sure the advertising technique doesn't overpower the message; (6) separate personal prejudices from judgement decisions; (7) make sure the advertising doesn't change the product image; (8) have faith.


New modeling casts doubt on the suitability of running experiments with fixed sea surface temperatures to understand the effects of cloud aggregation on Earth's climate.


: Sentence similarity play a vital role in the area of Natural Language processing where it has different kinds of benefits like it is used for processing the information, retrieving useful information out of large amounts of data and is also used for question answer portals. Given two sentences, an effective similarity measure should be able to determine whether the sentences are semantically equivalent or not, taking into account the variability of natural language expression. That is, the similarity scheme should be able to calculate similarity even if the sentences do not share similar surface form.There are many methods suggested that are used to calculate the similarity of sentences and they mainly focus on the one or more feature for example word, structure and semantic information etc. In this paper we surveyed different research papers in order to find various techniques used for calculating similarity between two sentences.


By means of literature review,interviews with experts,questionnaire,experiment and mathematic statistics,the authors of this study have made analysis on the indexes of 20 items of physical abilities of 23 female short distance speed skaters who are of elite level in China.The authors tend to reveal the features of the model of physical abilities in elite Chinese female short distance speed skaters and establish the best structural model.The model reflects collectively the characteristics of athletic physical ability in these skaters,and the establishment of the model includes three sub-systems of parameter selection,index weight determination and structural characteristics.The establishment of the model can provide both the leading objectives of the scientific selection of female short distance skater candidates and a clear direction for the operation of the training of physical abilities for athletes.


The present invention relates to a surgical instrument, particularly a surgical retractor automatically. Comprising a fixed end connected to a fixed rod connected to the active end of the surgical instrument, the rocker arm is provided between the fixed end and the movable end of the rocker arm comprises a lever arm provided in a ball joint rod, the said ball joint comprises a ball socket, the ball socket is mounted in the ball valve and the balloon, the ball and socket is fixedly mounted on a section of the arm, the other section corresponding to the ball of the ball valve of the arm is articulated, two or more spherical ball valve arranged in a hollow circumferentially disposed around the airbag, the airbag with an airbag gas nozzle, air nozzle of the airbag inserted in the cross-section of the arm and disposed in communication with the airway of the arm , communicating with the airway of the arm on the side wall air nozzle arm, the arm is mounted by a threaded mouth of the gas nozzle air cap, said air nozzle cap inflation tube are connected by slot structure, in the gas sidewall arm cap covers the mouth of the gas nozzle is provided with holes discouraged. The surgical retractors in use may be automatically fully rotating traction, non-working dead ends, easy to use, flexible and reliable operation.


As a good behavior and noble moral sentiment of modern citizens, mortal charity is not only the embodiment of the progress of human civilization, but also the essence of Chinese traditional culture. If we want to initiate the moral practice within the scope of entire society, besides setting the moral field as the breakthrough point and using Wechat as the media way, we should unify the dialectical relationship between the personal and social, moral and behavior, ideal and reality.Thus we could make the traditional moral values into a practical reality value goal, then further sublimate it as an ideal value,which is to provide spiritual motivation, moral support and important safeguard to build a harmonious socialist society with Chinese characteristics, which is to build the platform for cultivating and practicing the socialist core values.


This second volume in the series provides expanded and updated versions of the lecture and post-lecture panel discussions at the 1996 Fordham University Law School International IP Law and Policy conference. Subjects covered include the latest international developments in copyright, patent and trade mark law, including those with regard to GATT, NAFTA, WIPO, the EC and Asia.


ABSTRACT This article adds to the scarce literature on the influence of international investment flows on local real estate values. We hypothesize that a greater foreign-investor presence in a real estate market results in a lower capitalization rate and examine whether this holds true in the Helsinki CBD office market in Finland. This market provides an interesting case study by being part of a small open economy, in which the presence of foreign investors has substantially varied over time. The Dynamic OLS estimations using data for the period 1990–2015 provide support for the hypothesis. The baseline results show a highly statistically significant negative impact of foreign-investor participation on the capitalization rate, the point estimates indicating that a 10% point growth in the share of foreign buyers of the total transaction volume decreases the cap rate by approximately 30 basis points.


In this study, a monitoring system was generated to send data about temperature, humidity, and ammonia gas from a dairy cow cage. This system also provides notifications and recommendation to the owner to carry out certain actions based on data obtained from the dairy cow cage. This system consists of three main components, namely the web server monitoring devices and an application on mobile device. Furthermore, monitoring devices consist of a microcontroller, DHT22 sensor, MQ-135, and ESP266. The microcontroller sends data to the web server and the device moves continuously to notify the state of the dairy cage. From the test results, it is known that the system can send data correctly to mobile devices and web servers. Notification of abnormal conditions is given in an average of 39 seconds.


The Galactic Center (GC) presents one of the highest stellar densities in our Galaxy, making its surroundings an environment potentially rich in radio transients, such as pulsars and different kinds of flaring activity. In this paper, we present the first study of transient activity in the region of the GC based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter (mm/submm) Array (ALMA) continuum observations at 230 GHz. This search is based on a new self-calibration algorithm, especially designed for variability detection in the GC field. Using this method, we have performed a search of radio transients in the effective field of view of~$\sim 30\,$arcseconds of the GC central supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (SgrA*) using ALMA 230 GHz observations taken during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) campaign, which span several observing hours (5-10) on 2017 April 6, 7, and 11. This calibration method allows one to disentangle the variability of unresolved SgrA* from any potential transient emission in the wider field of view and residual effects of the imperfect data calibration. Hence, a robust statistical criterion to identify real transients can be established: the event should survive at least three times the correlation time and it must have a peak excursion of at least seven times the instantaneous root-mean-square between consecutive images. Our algorithms are successfully tested against realistic synthetic simulations of transient sources in the GC field. Having checked the validity of the statistical criterion, we provide upper limits for transient activity in the effective field of view of the GC at 230 GHz.


Conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, this study tested the efficacy of a comprehensive patient counseling skills intervention in enhancing pharmacists' (n = 8) skills and their hypertensive patients' (n = 114) perceived support from the pharmacist, medication regimen knowledge, medication adherence, and blood pressure control. Improvement in pharmacist counseling skills, perceived pharmacist support, and medication regimen adherence (as indicated by unannounced home pill counts [p < .07]) was demonstrated. Results are discussed in light of patients' high baseline adherence, high educational level, and relatively extended treatment at the NIH Hypertension Clinic.


This paper describes lithium–tin alloys as a novel target material to enhance the efficiency of 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light from generated laser-produced plasmas. Both lithium and tin exhibit EUV emission with the same peak at 13.5 nm. We show that lithium–tin (LiSn) alloys exhibit emission also at 13.5 nm and a mixture of tin and lithium emission by illuminating Nd:YAG laser (1 ns, 2.5 × 1010, 7.1 × 1010 W/cm2). The emission spectra and emission angular distribution by using phosphor imaging plates were analyzed to obtain the conversion efficiency from laser light to 13.5 nm light. The Li–Sn alloys were slightly higher than planar tin and between tin and lithium. It would be due to the suppression of self-absorption of 13.5 nm light by the tin plasma.


Russell's place in the public eye was maintained by a steady stream of writing for the general reader. He no longer held any academic position, and needed to support himself and his family by his pen. While he continued to do some technical work in philosophy, more of his energies were devoted to journalism and other popular writings. He was in great demand. His distinctive prose and dry wit enabled him to puncture the fusty assumptions of contemporary thinking, and his rationalist alternatives struck many readers as a liberating antidote to conventional morality.


In this paper, we show that the projection of a dualistic structure defined on a twisted product manifold induces dualistic structures on the base and the fiber manifolds, and conversely. Then under some conditions on the Ricci curvature and the Weyl conformal tensor we characterize dually flat structures on twisted product manifolds.


Eight species of Curculionidae (Coleoptera) are recorded for the first time from the surroundings of the Krubera-Voronja cave (Orsha-Balagan valley, Abkhazia), at more than 2000 m of altitude.


In this work, laterally-uniform Mn3O4 nanosheets with regular square-like shapes and tunable lateral dimensions are synthesized through an effective one-pot solvothermal chemical reaction. The formation pathway of the Mn3O4 nanosheets and sized-controlled methods are also investigated.


The rapid spread of electronic mail, listservs, and bulletin boards operating over the Internet has already had marked effects on how scholars communicate ideas with one another.1 Beyond exchanging informal messages through these new media, scholars can now circulate scholarly work in various stages of completion, either by sending an electronic version to a group of colleagues (active dissemination), or by putting it on a computer server accessible through gopher or the World Wide Web (WWW), which makes it available to any interested reader with Internet access (passive dissemination). Additionally, electronic journals and newsletters of various kinds have come upon the scene to provide new opportunities for the publication of scholarly material.


Patricia Madigan's Women and Fundamentalism in Islam and Catholicism: Negotiating Modernity in a Globalized World seeks to broaden the scope, and provide a critique of, prior work on the development and expansion of fundamentalist religious practice in contemporary societies. In doing so she notes that although 'there has been an explosion of academic study of fundamentalism' (p 3), the field remains ripe for increased depth in the examination of how gender, politico-economic and interfaith perspectives can be brought to bear in the creation of new scholarship. It is vital for the reader to recall, Madigan cautions, that analysis of fundamentalist religious practice must include an examination of how 'global political and economic issues ... underpin it' (p 3). The book is a welcome and well-versed historical account of the wrong turns of religious interpretation in relation to gender in two major systems of belief. But it is more broadly an assertion of the ways in which 'religious fundamentalism' must be 'understood as a politics of identity, which aims to maintain a patriarchal political, economic, and social order threatened by the impact of modernity' (p 27).


We present a numerical model which can be used to design remediation strategies for cleaning up soils and aquifers in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. This three-phase (air, water and pollutants) flow model takes into account the advective and the dispersive mass-transport, and includes local non-equilibrium mass transfer. The simulator is based on a finite-volume method. Several innovative techniques have been introduced to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical model. In particular, for each time step the splitting method is used to solve the equations in two stages: (i) the first stage deals with transport and dispersion, (ii) the second stage deals with the mass exchange between the phases. The validity of the model has been tested against experimental studies in the following two cases 1 . A two-dimensional physical model representing the flow in an aquifer with pollutant injection, 2. A history matching of dissolved hydrocarbon in core samples. The results of the oneand two-dimensional simulations agree very well with the experimental data.


This paper aims to uncover the ethical values of Islam contained in business activities. Good or bad behavior is a reflection of human life, both individually and in groups. This behavior is also commonly found in business activities. The purpose of doing business is to make a profit. But sometimes the desire to cover up human reason and do losses by doing business. The basic law of doing business in Islam is permissible, unless there is a prohibition from Allah. A number of prohibited acts in doing business such as; take usury, cheat, reduce the scale, hoard merchandise, take the property of others, monopoly, betrayal, perjury, and speculation.
In Islam, a number of ethics that we usually encounter in business include; stay away from business goods or illicit activities, stay away from the element of fraud, buying and selling halal, fair, honesty, keep promises, write transactions that are not cash, agree, leave the business when prayer times and pay zakat arrives. In Islamic ethics it does not invite an entrepreneur just to pursue profit, but a blessing. That the benefits are reasonable and not excessive. Business benefits according to Islam are not only material but also immaterial. Business is also not only a container associated with humans alone but also related to Allah. As a number of the words of Allah contained in QS an-Nissa (4): 29, al-Baqarah (2): 282; at-Taubah (9): 24; an-Nuur (24): 37; Fatir (35): 29; al-Saff (61): 10, and al-Jumu'ah (62): 11.
Keywords: implementation, ethics, Islam, Business


The Dongga gold deposit is the only one that discovered in Gangdisi coppergold metallization belt by now.Controlled by different orebearing spaces,ore body mainly includes tectonic altered rock type,cryptoexplosion berrica type,quartz vein type,etc.The first type is the largest in scale and the second type is the highest in content.It is concluded from geochemical character researches of the ore H,O,S,Pb isotopes and fluid envelope that the Dongga gold deposit belongs to mesoepithermal structure altered rock type gold deposit associated withisland arc volcanogenic magmatic occurred in the process of plate subduction.


ABSTRACT The increasing demands of presenting large numbers of points in maps have promoted the progress of rendering point symbols in GPUs. Although the drawing efficiency issue can be handled with texture mapping methods, the rendering quality problem due to the fixed resolution that affects map renders' visual experiences remains. The method of directly drawing vector paths of a point symbol can be used to satisfy the sharper effect of point symbols. However, it requires high memory cost and affects the drawing efficiency. This paper proposes a point symbol rendering method using the idea of reinterpreted textures. The rendering data used in this method are based on vectors to achieve refined results. Vector properties of symbols are encoded and organized into the texture structure with specific layout schemes. In the rendering phase, an instanced pipeline is launched to accept the texture and decode the required attributes. The proposed method takes advantage of fast access and continuity of textures while retaining geometric transformations. These features allow all symbols to be drawn in one single draw call and rotated or scaled arbitrarily. Experiments on drawing quality and efficiency demonstrate that the proposed method achieves fast and stable performance while maintaining the rendering quality.


Abstract Background Clinical assessment of androgens in the diagnosis of androgen excess, hypogonadism, androgen replacement or suppressive therapy and in anti-doping practices is generally limited to a few C19 steroids. More accurate evaluations may be gained with comprehensive steroid analysis. The aim of this study was to determine all major circulating adrenal and gonadal steroids together with the adrenal C11-oxy C19 steroids. Methods Serum androgens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, progesterones and C11-oxy steroids were determined in 71 healthy men, 18-35yrs, using ultra-performance convergence-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data was analysed using GraphPad Prism Version 9.3.1. Results Profiles and inter-individual steroid concentrations differed considerably. Testosterone (25.2 nM) was detected in all subjects while dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was undetectable in 18% of the subjects. Comparing subjects with DHEA, 11.14 (3.178-52.73) nM and those without DHEA identified steroids differing significantly (p≤0. 001; q values ≤5%): 11-OHA4 (4. 0 ±0.3 vs 1.6±0.3 nM), 16-hydroxyprogesterone (0.7±0. 07 vs 0.3 ±0.1 nM), corticosterone (15.5±1.8 vs 3.8±1.1 nM), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (4.5±0.3 vs 2±0.5nM), cortisol, (357±21.2 vs 157.9±29.3 nM) and cortisone (57.9±2.4 vs 35.3 ±5.4 nM). Dihydrotestosterone (∼4.3 nM) and 11-hydroxytestosterone (∼0.5 nM) were detected at comparable concentrations, however, at a frequency of 25% and >90%, respectively (in both groups). 11-ketotestosterone levels were also comparable but below the limit of accurate quantification while present in ∼50% of the subjects. Epitestosterone levels were comparable (0.2±0. 02 vs 0.1±0. 03 nM), but higher in younger subjects 18-25 yrs (p<0. 05). Conclusions Analysis of gonadal and adrenal steroids indicate greater circulating steroid heterogeneity than previously thought. Data shows that the often-disregarded adrenal C11-oxy C19 steroids contributed to 16% of the androgen profile. Furthermore, given that the C19 steroids were 1.8-fold lower in men without measurable DHEA, the functional oxyandrogens, 11-ketotestosterone and 11-hydroxytestosterone, would be of particular physiological importance due to their androgenic activity. Absence of measurable DHEA showed an overall modulated adrenal steroidogenic flux in these men, evident in the attenuated glucocorticoid production. Data underscores the modulatory role of cytochrome P450 11β-hydroxylase in these individuals, potentially impacting on diagnostic testing and evaluation. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership represents a great chance to reduce or eliminate trade's barriers between the US and the EU. It is also a crucial opportunity to intensify the regulatory cooperation between the two biggest economic areas in the world. Its goal is to level out commercial standards and eliminate unnecessary regulatory differences. The main innovation from this point of view would be the institution of a permanent mechanism for future cooperation on all the regulatory measures that could produce transatlantic effects. Through the institution of a stable Regulatory Cooperation Body able to identify the areas in which to enforce the cooperation, the agreement would facilitate the exchange of regulatory experiences and principles between the parties. Overtaking harmonization and mutual recognition, this deal aims at establishing a permanent dialogue to prevent the emergence of regulatory differences. This paper tries to understand if the TTIP could be the first step towards the creation of a global regulatory network characterized by the implementation of good regulatory practices. Moreover, it is aimed at understanding how the treaty is going to impact the way the US and the EU make and think regulation.


The main advantage of stochastic forecasting is fan of possible value whose deterministic method of forecasting could not give us. Future development of random process is described better by stochastic then deterministic forecasting. Discharge in measurement profile could be categorized as random process. Content of article is construction and application of forecasting model for managed large open water reservoir with supply function. Model is based on neural networks (NS) and zone models, which forecasting values of average monthly flow from inputs values of average monthly flow, learned neural network and random numbers. Part of data was sorted to one moving zone. The zone is created around last measurement average monthly flow. Matrix of correlation was assembled only from data belonging to zone. The model was compiled for forecast of 1 to 12 month with using backward month flows (NS inputs) from 2 to 11 months for model construction. Data was got ridded of asymmetry with help of Box-Cox rule (Box, Cox, 1964), value r was found by optimization. In next step were data transform to standard normal distribution. The data were with monthly step and forecast is not recurring. 90 years long real flow series was used for compile of the model. First 75 years were used for calibration of model (matrix input-output relationship), last 15 years were used only for validation. Outputs of model were compared with real flow series. For comparison between real flow series (100% successfully of forecast) and forecasts, was used application to management of artificially made reservoir. Course of water reservoir management using Genetic algorithm (GE) + real flow series was compared with Fuzzy model (Fuzzy) + forecast made by Moving zone model. During evaluation process was founding the best size of zone. Results show that the highest number of input did not give the best results and ideal size of zone is in interval from 25 to 35, when course of management was almost same for all numbers from interval. Resulted course of management was compared with course, which was obtained from using GE + real flow series. Comparing results showed that fuzzy model with forecasted values has been able to manage main malfunction and artificially disorders made by model were founded essential, after values of water volume during management were evaluated. Forecasting model in combination with fuzzy model provide very good results in management of water reservoir with storage function and can be recommended for this purpose.


During the rainy season in India, bamboo screens interceptingapprox~mately 46%of thc incident light werc used to simulate thc effect of shading by a ccrcal grown as an inlcrcrop with groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The treatments comprised an unshaded control and two durations of shading cxlcnding from pcg initiation (TI) and the onset of pod filling (T2) to final harvest. Plant height was grcatest in the TI crop, but the maximum rates of lcaf dcvclopmcnt on the main stem, leafarca expansion and pod produclion werc similar in all crops. Shadingappcarcd to rcducc thc ralc of the linear growth phase bccausc the rcduccd light interception was not entircly olTsct by an increase in light-use efficiency. Prematurc scncscence in the shaded crops coincided with the vinual cessation of pod production, although continued allocation of dry mattcr to rcproductive structurcs in the TI crop resultcd in a greater proportion of pods bcing fillcd at final harvcsl than In the other treatments. The responses of groundnut to timing of shade arc discussed in tcnns of their implications for the sclcclion of improved crop combinations for intercropping.


In recent years, the concept of comprehensive treatment for military trauma has been comprehensively updated. The application of damage control surgery has significantly improved the clinical outcome of severe abdominal injury. With appropriate surgical intervention, post-trauma fluid resuscitation plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of abdominal injury. The damage control resuscitation strategy addresses the importance of permissive hypotension and haemostatic resuscitation for patients with severe trauma, under the guidance of damage control surgical principle.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.03.02


Conclusions. Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia genotype ALK-1 (HHT2-ALK-1) with nonsense mutation demonstrated tendentially higher health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) scores than patients with HHT with genotype ENG (HHT1-ENG) with missense mutation. Objective. HHT, also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, comprises different expressions depending on genetic type and mutation type. The influence of HHT type on HR-QOL has not been established and is addressed in this paper. Patients and methods. A total of 94patients with confirmed diagnoses of HHT (Curaçao criteria) participated in this study. EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) blood samples of 24patients were sequenced genetically into genotype HHT1 (ENG) vs HHT2 (ALK-1) and mutation type missense vs nonsense. HR-QOL was assessed with the German Short Form 36Health Survey (SF-36). Results. HHT2 patients (genotype ALK-1) demonstrated significantly higher physical component scores than HHT1 patients (effect size d=0.62). Patients with genotype ENG (HHT1) with nonsense mutations showed significantly higher mental component scores than patients with missense mutations (effect size=0.79).


. The need for developing competent human resources on 21st Century Skills nowadays are become an issue. In this research, STEM-based E-Module can be an option. Investigate the effect of implementing STEM-based E-Module, investigate the differences between the female and male group on their creative thinking, and determine students' impression on STEM-based E-Module are the objectives. The pre-experiment method with one group pre-test and post-test was conducted through a research subject of 8th-grade students at a private school in Bandung that taken from a purposive sampling. The result stated that there is a significant difference between the post-test of Verbal TTCT and the minimum criteria of mastery learning that has been decided as standard (i.e., 65). In differentiating between the female and male groups on their creative thinking, an independent t-test was conducted. But there are no significant differences between the female group and the male group on their creative thinking.


one from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and dividing below into a number of parts, the degree of development so attained being in accordance with the functions that the forearm is called upon to perform. At the one extreme are the reptiles, their limbs executing no more than simple, gross movements and the musculature being comparatively undifferentiated. At the other end of the scale are the higher vertebrates, masters of the most elaborate movement patterns and provided wth a correspondingly intricate muscular equipment. The numerous variations encountered among human subjects are then interpreted as stages, atavistic or progressive, within this wide range. Wood Jones (1946)~ for his part, regards the palmaris longus as a muscle passing into phylogenetic decrepitude. Originally the most superficial of the three layers of the long flexors of the fingers, it has now lost its functional importance in respect of the metacarpophalangeal joints and its degenerated tendons are represented by the fascia1 sheet going by the term of palmar aponeurosis. Attention is drawn to these remnants in the pathological condition associated with the name of Dupuytren. With this patient the question arises whether there is a similar formation in the other arm. No prominent swelling presents. Yet on clinical scrutiny there is a definite fullness above the wrist and an unusual resilience to palpation of the volar aspect. It will be interesting to observe whether any difference in power of flexion at the wrist exists after recovery from the operation.


Between October 1972 and September 1976, low‐dose fractionated total body irradiation (TBI), 150–300 rad, was selected for 41 patients staged II, III, and IV with previously untreated non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sixty‐three percent of the patients had a nodular pattern; there were no patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. All but 2 patients responded to TBI. For the nodular group, the actuarial 4‐year survival was 72% with 31% remaining continuously free of disease at 4 years. For the diffuse lesions the 4‐year actuarial survival was 57% with only 8% remaining continuously free of disease at 3 years. There were no acute symptoms during the course of treatment. There was no mortality associated with the treatment. Twenty percent of the patients developed transient platelet counts less than 30,000. Four required hospitalization for correction of thrombocytopenia and/or infection. Thrombocytopenia can be predicted on whether or not the marrow is positive and/or the spleen palpably enlarged. The majority of patients who failed more than 3 months after initial complete remission were able to be placed back in remission with either chemotherapy, TBI, or local irradiation. Patients with persistent disease after TBI showed a less favorable response with chemotherapy. A selected group of 15 patients were treated with TBI after previous treatment with chemotherapy or localized irradiation. Eleven responded to treatment, and 4 showed no useful response. The median survival for this group is slightly over 2 years. Twenty percent developed transient platelet counts less than 30,000.


The Chinese giant salamander (CGS, Andrias davidianus) is one of only three extant species of cryptobranchid salamanders (the others being the Japanese giant salamander Andrias japonicus and the hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), which belongs to the order Caudata and family Cryptobranchidae. The CGS is listed in Category II of the National Protected Aquatic Wildlife (China), in CITES Appendix I, and as critically endangered by the IUCN (Cunningham et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2004). In 1988 it was designated a State protected species in China. Historical information Pathological Changes in Andrias davidianus Infected with Chinese Giant Salamander Ranavirus


FOR a couple of years past, convinced by an accidental experience, of the value of the tincture of iodine in the treatment and cure of burns, 1 have adopted its use systematically in my hospital service, as well as in my civil practice, and to-day, after different experiences in a number of varying cases from the slightest to the most severe, I thought it would be advisable to appear here before your honourable meeting and give you my sincere opinion upon this treatment. I have said that my first experience was an.accidental one, aDd I should have added that this expenence was obtained upoD myself. One day, I had the misfortune to burn a small spot of about three quarters of an inch diameter upon the palmar surface of my Ieft hand; this burn was of the second degree and excessively painful. Having on hand in my office a small bottle of the 10 per cent. tincture of iodine, I covered the burn with it. Of course, the application was painful, but I felt immediately a complete relief; it stopped the pain at once and the next morning, I was so well that, having some operations to perform at the Notre-Dame Hospital, I was able to attend to my duty and operate that morning upon several cases which were on the list, and that without the least pain. I could wash, brush my hands, keep them covered with the rubber gloves for a few hours, without any inconvenience, and the blister never burst, but dried up in two or three days, leaving under it a tissue of new formation of normal colouration and suppleness. Judging from this result, and not knowing that this treatment had already been tested by Baumgarten in France, I started using it systematically in the Notre-Dame Hospital, having in my mind that, if it could do for a small thing, most probably it would be satisfactory in more severe cases. The result, fortunately, con-


Fabrication and manipulation of macroscopically ordered nanostructures in polymer films via supramolecular self-organization are fascinating from the viewpoints of science and technology. Here, a h...


Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease. The distinct underlying pathologies include aggregation of TDP‐43, tau and FUS. Currently, no ante‐mortem biomarkers are available to distinguish between the different pathological subtypes, providing challenges for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. As an extension of the brain, the retina displays similarities in terms of anatomy and functionality. The accessibility of the retina provides a 'window' into the brain and a great potential for noninvasive imaging of neurodegenerative changes in patients. The aim of this study is to assess the presence of TDP‐43 in the retina.


A theoretical model was developed to estimate effect of the mutual coupling on the energy requirement of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based wireless sensor network (WSN). Clustered channel modeling with Rician fading distribution is assumed to include the effect of the line-of-sight (LOS) ray paths. The effect of propagation environments is included in the analysis by assuming a two-slope path loss model. The effect of knowing the channel state information (CSI) in the MIMO system (MIMO csi) is also included in the analysis. It is shown that the presence of mutual coupling between elements of MIMO array decreases the energy required by the MIMO based WSN. Simulation results also show that it is possible to use a compact circular antenna array with a quarter wavelength diameter to build a MIMO csi based WSN that requires almost constant energy for applications that cover a range from few meters up to around 100 m.


Abstract This paper explored the reading perceptions, needs, and practices of parents from an urban poor community in Manila, Philippines. 274 parents of K-1 pupils were surveyed to determine their reading perceptions, needs, and practices. The results revealed that the respondents believed that reading is important for their children's social development, and that they are aware that reading starts at home. However, their needs and practices contradicted their perceptions because reading seemed to be not their priority probably due to the limited access and budget for reading materials. This poses a challenge to the educative sector of the community including the teachers who are considered to be backbones of literacy.


The early 1970s provided new challenges to deans and department chairmen who had become accustomed to program expansion. When the downturn in the national economy brought with it the need to curtail institutional growth, "growth by substitution" became the byword. New academic programs could be introduced only at the expense of existing ones. This paper examines one aspect of curriculum design and development in a college of arts and sciences, and demonstrates that new forms can be created from existing re sources. At Cornell, the trend toward growth by substitution was en couraged by two heavy doses of budget-cutting. (The second, sched uled to run from 1974-1978, requires a 10 percent reduction from the 1973-74 budget.) To accomplish these cuts requires the elimination of some positions and the replacement of retiring senior faculty mem bers by a smaller number of junior people; only a few senior positions will be replaced in kind. Since some 80 percent of the College budget is composed of faculty salaries, to reduce the budget significantly one must reduce staff. Yet students and faculty continue to express the desire for smaller classes for underclassmen, more conscientious advising, and new areas of study, especially those which cross disci plines. How could we satisfy these demands with fewer faculty and also help ensure that preprofessional programs of study were not limited to professional-school entrance requirements? Since nothing in higher education is ever simple, let me reveal two other forces at work. First, concern for the price of tuition had encouraged the Dean of the College to permit students with sufficient credit to graduate early, i.e., after six or seven semesters, or to allow them to merge the senior undergraduate year with the first year of professional study in law or medicine. This development tended to accentuate the preprofessional focus of these students' course choices. However, a second force provided the opposite effect. For about eight years, the College had had two special programs which provided opportunities for enterprising students to design their own


The invention relates to an easily-corrected mandrel coated rotating shaft device, which utilizes t two projections of a blocking fixed piece to be embedded and fixed in two grooves of a retainer to form two positioning points, so that the gliding phenomenon does not occur between the blocking fixed piece and the retainer. The device is easy to assemble. The stable combination of a coating part, the retainer and the blocking fixed piece can increase structural intensity, so that the shaking phenomenon can be reduced when a pivot shaft rotates.


Small and medium enterprises play a huge role in the development of economy and society, as the local area and the state as a whole. It is no coincidence this category is paid more and more attention from the authorities at all levels. Developing policies and budgets of cities, regions and countries from year to year is not without planning measures to support small and medium-sized businesses, which underlines the importance of this category. Subjects of small and medium-sized businesses not only replenish the budget at the expense of paying taxes, but also form the infrastructure, contribute to the growth of living standards, create jobs. The article deals with the legal framework to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, analyzes the activities of the municipal authorities in Nizhny Novgorod in this area, provides practical recommendations on the organization of support of small and medium enterprises at the local level.


A single-termed monomial power function is presented as an alternative to the standard Taylor series linearization for purposes of approximating nonlinear structural behavior. This monomial approximation becomes linear after a logarithmic transformation; consequently, computational tools based on linear algebra remain useful and effective. The monomial approximation has been shown to have several useful properties, not shared by the standard Taylor linearization, that are responsible for improved performance when applied to structural optimization problems.


During the Augustan period, some 18 cities in Roman Italy constructed city walls around their urban centres – the last cluster of city walls to be built here until the late third century AD.  There was no defensive imperative for walls at this time, as the heart of the empire was relatively peaceful, so what motivated urban communities to undertake such a time-consuming and expensive project?  This article notes the superficial similarities in the physical form of Augustan city walls and their towers and gateways, but downplays the notion of a shared design model. Rather, it argues that a more important theme which links this group of city walls was their symbolic and ideological meaning.  The common ways in which Augustan city walls engaged with their physical and cultural environment are examined, and shared characteristics such as the visual prominence and imposing display of city walls and gateways, connections with pre-Roman sanctuaries and foundation rituals, and imperial involvement and patronage are explored.  The article concludes that in terms of typology, Augustan city walls are surprisingly diverse in their physical form despite apparent congruencies, but that they share important political and social themes.  In summary, Augustan city walls were built to impress – icons of visual dominance and cultural manipulation of the landscape, promoting the status and prestige of the city they surrounded.


Certain characteristics of asparagus cultivars and breeding lines were measured in two trials to test if yield and spear traits might be predictable from early evaluations.1. Significant correlation was not observed in both trials between 1) the stalk growth indexes before harvest and accumulated yield for 4 years, and 2) stalk diameter before harvest and average spear weight during the following 4 years.2. The subsequent yield potential of cultivars and lines was not predictable from the first-year yield because of its relatively small size ; however, it could be estimated with significant accuracy from the second year's data. 3. The average spear weight and spearhead tightness for the 3 following seasons were predictable from the first year's harvest data.


In this paper, special-shaped textures with different sizes and densities were fabricated on the surface of CuSn6 by laser, and the friction and wear properties were tested by a multifunctional friction and wear tester. The experimental results show that different friction coefficients can be obtained in the vertical and inclined planes of the special-shaped texture. When the special-shaped texture size is 600 μm, the friction coefficient ring increases gradually with the increase of special-shaped texture density. The wear loss of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based friction materials decreases gradually, effectively improving the wear resistance of PTFE-based friction materials.


The Smart Citizen concept is at an early stage of research in the field of architecture and landscape architecture. ICTs and their use by citizens have been studied exclusively in the fields of engineering and telecommunications sciences as well as Artificial Intelligence. This study seeks to publicize the Smart Citizen concept in architecture and landscape from a spatial understanding and the perception of citizens with intellectual disabilities. A real case study developed by architects in collaboration with psychologists focused on the development of spatial intelligence for people with intellectual disabilities is presented in this study. "The students that participated in these activities belong to San Pablo CEU University course financed by ONCE Foundation (FONCE) and the European Social Fund." The purpose is to question the effectiveness of the use of technologies for said cognitive development and how even the increased use of GPS navigator systems could be a detriment to the citizen when trying to orient him or herself in open spaces. The result to highlight in this review is to know if a person with a disability is equally capable of understanding a space and navigate it without the aid of GPS as a person without an intellectual disability. Both analogical tools (2D plan) and digital tools (GPS) are used under the same conditions. New lines of research are presented in the study of spatial intelligence through innovating tools or TICs in relation to urban elements where concepts like scale, proportion, light, and shade were identified.


The generalized theta function of a totally imaginary field including n-th roots of unity, which was defined by T. Kubota [2], was introduced in his investigation of the reciprosity law of the n-th power residue. If n = 2, it reduces to the classical theta function. In the case n = 3 for the Eisenstein field, the Fourier coefficients of the cubic theta function, which were explicitly expressed by S.J. Patterson, are essentially cubic Gauss sums [3], Furthermore in the case n = 4 for the Gaussian field those of the biquadratic theta functions, which have been investigated by T. Suzuki [4], haven't been obtained completely yet.


THE railroads of the United States spend annually about $3,000,000,000 in the purchase of materials and supplies-a volume of purchases second only to that of the Federal Government. The number of commodities included in this immense purchase order run into the hundreds of thousands, for a railroad's activities ramify into many fields: operations must be extended, new lines developed, old lines improved, tracks, roadbeds and rolling stock kept in the best operating condition, bridges must be built, buildings of various kinds constructed, telegraph lines opened and kept ready for service, water service provided at strategic points-to give only a hurried glimpse of the teeming world included under the category of railroad operations. And all of these activities require supplies and materials of a kind and quality best adapted to the particular need that must be served. By simplification or standardization of purchase specifications is meant the elimination of unnecessary materials and specifications, and the adoption by all railroads of a uniform specification code. Where the development of these specifications carries beyond the immediate interests of the railroads and is felt in other industrial activities, the attempt is made to secure uniformity of specifications among all interested parties. The possibility of great sayvings through the elimination of unnecessary duplications and kindred wastes in purchasing has greatly stimulated the movement toward standardization of purchase specifications.