We proposed a strategy named Drug Rescuing, as a possible solution for an effective drug development. Many lead compounds as well as target proteins have to be thrown into garbage box because of adverse effects. We will be able to rescue the target and compounds as a drug candidate by modifying the ligand chemical on the unrelated parts for pharmacologic action. Structural information of the ligand and membrane protein complex is therefore crucially important for the modification. As an example, based on electron crystallography utilizing a helium cooled cryo-EM [1], we could discriminate 8 water molecules in the water channel AQP4 [2], while their densities were blurred in the higher resolution structure by X-ray crystallography [3]. The counterintuitive notion could be attributed to the difference of surround atmosphere for structure analyses of membrane proteins. The characteristic distribution of the dielectric constants in membrane produces large dipole moment of the two short helices of water channels, whereas the dipole moment without lipid bilayer is very small. In cooperation with the electrostatic field of two short helices, the arrangement of carbonyl groups in the channel act as binding sites in the narrow channel with highly hydrophobic surfaces and lowers the energy barrier for water molecules entering such narrow water channel. These structural studies strongly suggested that electron crystallography is very powerful method for understanding physiological functions of membrane proteins as well as drug development. However, the necessity of crystallization makes this method less popular in the structural biology field. By single particle analysis, many structures have been analyzed. In very short period, we could analyze structure of gap junction channel by the method [5]. Then Drug Rescuing could be realistic method for drug development.


In this paper, we provide various formulas for partial sums of weighted averages over regular integers modulo $n$ of the $\gcd$-sum function with any arithmetical function involving the Bernoulli polynomials and the Gamma function. Many interesting applications of the results are also given.


Theoretical source studies can be classified into three categories, i.e., applications of crack theory to source processes, studies of constitutive laws, and fractal approaches. The seismic source process was studied using dislocation theory in the 1960's. In the 1970's it was replaced by crack theory. In the 1980's, studies of the constitutive laws that control faulting processes and studies of the fractal structure of earthquake phenomena have appeared.


The utility model discloses a cooling device of a grease winterization system, which comprises a grease crystallizing tank (1), a refrigerator cooling system and a heat exchanger cooling system. Heat absorbing end openings of a refrigerating unit (21), a refrigerator brine pump (23), a brine tank (22) and a cooling liquid circulating end opening of the grease crystallizing tank (1) form a refrigerator cooling loop, radiating end openings of the refrigerating unit (21), a refrigerator cold water pump (25) and a temperature reduction device form a refrigerating unit temperature reduction loop, two heat absorbing end openings of a heat exchanger (31) are connected onto the cooling liquid circulating end opening of the grease crystallizing tank (1) through water pipes so that a heat exchanger cooling loop of the grease crystallizing tank (1) is formed, and two radiating end openings of the heat exchanger (31) are connected onto the temperature reduction device (24) through water pipes so that a heat exchanger temperature reduction loop is formed. The cooling device of the grease winterization system does not corrode radiating devices and pipelines, environmental pollution is avoided, and refrigerating cost can be greatly economized.


For the simultaneous absorption of H2S and CO2 into methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution, MDEA in fact is selective toward both H2S and CO2. It is kinetically selective toward H2S and thermodynamically selective toward CO2. Selective H2S removal using a rotating packed bed (RPB) solves the problem that a large amount of CO2 accompanying H2S is simultaneously removed in the conventional desulfurization process. An RPB highlights that MDEA is kinetically selective toward H2S and restricts its thermodynamically selectivity toward CO2. In this work, an industrial test for MDEA selective absorption of H2S was performed. Compared with a conventional tower the RPB has a substantial advantage in selective absorption of H2S. A reaction–equilibrium–mass transfer model based on penetration theory is developed to describe the selective absorption process and the inhibition effect on H2S absorption from the CO2–MDEA reaction in the liquid film.


Introduction: The classic teaching in flexor tendon repair suggests that a 10mm bite is important for the integrity of the repair regardless of the other features of the technique. Although this has been widely accepted since Bunnell's first descriptions of accurate flexor tendon repair there appear to be little data to support it. An extensive review of the literature showed no biomechanical data relating specifically to size of bite in flexor tendon repair. We hypothesised that decreased bite may cause less damage to the tendon during repair while still offering adequate mechanical strength.Aim: To investigate the effect of different bite sizes on the mechanical properties of flexor tendon repairs.Methods: Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric flexor tendons were divided at their centres. One side of a modified Kessler repair was used on each side taking a 6mm bite on one side and a 10mm bite on the other. The tendons underwent tensile testing on a mechanical testing frame by pulling on the ends of the suture w...


Pyrazole, characterized by a five-membered heterocyclic structure featuring two neighboring nitrogen atoms, serves as a core element. Pyrazoles hold a privileged status as versatile frameworks in various sectors of the chemical industry, including medicine and agriculture. Previous reviews have extensively highlighted the significance of pyrazoles and their diverse biological activities, encompassing roles such as antituberculosis, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic agents. Consequently, they have garnered substantial interest from researchers. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive overview of the published research related to the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives, encompassing a discussion of diverse methods for accessing the pyrazole moiety. These methods span from utilizing transition-metal catalysts and photoredox reactions to employing one-pot multicomponent processes, novel reactants, and innovative reaction types. It encompasses studies conducted by numerous scientists worldwide, showcasing collective efforts in advancing the methodologies and applications of pyrazole derivatives.


We investigate how the local density of states in a plasmonic cavity changes due to the presence of a distorting quantum emitter. To this end, we use first-order scattering theory involving electromagnetic Green's function tensors for the bare cavity connecting the positions of the emitter that distorts the density of states and the one that probes it. The confined, quasistatic character of the plasmonic modes enables us to write the density of states as a Lorentzian sum. This way, we identify three different mechanisms behind the asymmetric spectral features emerging due to the emitter distortion: the modification of the plasmonic coupling to the probing emitter, the emergence of modal-like quadratic contributions and the absorption by the distorting emitter. We apply our theory to the study of two different systems (nanoparticle-on-mirror and asymmetric bow-tie-like geometries) to show the generality of our approach, whose validity is tested against numerical simulations. Finally, we provide an interpretation of our results in terms of a Hamiltonian model describing the distorted cavity.


Objective—Therapy for moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains unclear. Determination of myocardial viability, a necessary pre-requisite for an improvement in regional contractility, is a likely key factor in determining response to revascularization alone. Myocardial strain has been proposed as a viability measure but has not been compared to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac (c)MRI. We hypothesized that abnormal strain overestimates nonviable LV segments measured using LGE and that ischemia and mechanical tethering by adjacent transmural myocardial infarction (TMI) also decreases strain in viable segments. Methods—Sixteen patients with ≥ mild IMR and seven healthy volunteers underwent cMRI with non-invasive tags (CSPAMM), LGE and stress perfusion. CSPAMM images were post-processed with HARP and circumferential and longitudinal strains were calculated. Viability was defined as the absence of TMI on LGE (hyperenhancement >50% of wall thickness). The borderzone was defined as any segment bordering TMI. Abnormal strain thresholds (±1–2.5 SD from normal mean) were compared to TMI, ischemia and borderzone. Results—7.4% of LV segments had TMI on LGE while >14.5% of LV segments were non-viable by strain thresholds (p<0.005). In viable segments, ischemia impaired longitudinal strain (least perfused 1/3 of LV segments −.18±.08 vs. most perfused −.22±.1 p=01) and circumferential strain (−.12±.1 vs−.16±.08 p<0.05). In addition, infarct proximity impaired longitudinal strain (−.16±.11 borderzone vs −.18±.09 remote p=.05). Corresponding Author: Mark Ratcliffe, Surgical Service (112), San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California 94121. Telephone: (415) 221-4810 x 23730. email@example.com. *Dr. Morgan and Dr. Zhang are Co-First Authors Disclosures: None of the authors have any relevant financial relationships to disclose. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Ann Thorac Surg. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 June 18. Published in final edited form as: Ann Thorac Surg. 2018 June ; 105(6): 1754–1761. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.01.005. A uhor M anscript


It is said artificial intelligence is going to change the way we live, work and play in 2018. Certainly the market for AI technology is growing rapidly. Some of us believe excessive energy consumption is holding back even more revolutionary advances in AI software. This talk begins by looking at how energy is consumed in the IBM AC922 server, marketed for enterprise AI computing and used in the world's fastest supercomputer, US DOE Summit. The AC922 is a CPU+GPU Data-Streaming architecture. I propose an alternative architecture based on Near-Memory Computational Model using low-power consumer cellphone technology. In combination with some architecture and 3D SoC/DRAM chip layout/packaging co-design ideas, I suggest it may be possible to improve energy efficiency by an order of magnitude within one process generation. This talk presents work-in-progress I hope to continue during my summer visit to EPFL University.


With Bi(NO_3)_3 as raw materials, nanometer Bi_2O_3 powder was prepared by chemistry precipitation method. The optimum condition for preparation of nanometer Bi_2O_3 powder was as follows: the temperature at 90℃,the reaction time for 2h, the concentration of Bi(NO_3)_3 at 300g/L. XRD patters show the sample powder was α-Bi_2O_3; TEM and particle size measurement indicate the sphere Bi_2O_3 powder was obtained with about 60nm in size; the Bi_2O_3 powder which was kept in air for six months did not congregate obviously. The mechanism of preparation of nanometer Bi_2O_3 powder was reaction of liquid-liquid to guarantee the synthesis and control of nanometer Bi_2O_3.


A hybrid optical code scanner, a system, and a method are described. The scanner is operable to alert a user when one or more events related to a handheld imaging scanner, undocked from a housing of the hybrid optical code scanner, occur. The events may include moving the handheld imaging scanner beyond its communication range, keeping the handheld imaging scanner undocked beyond a predetermined period of time and activation of a switch on the handheld imaging scanner.


A Koloa barber who grew up in the fishing community of Kukuiula remembers the lifestyles of his Japanese neighbors living in the plantation camps. He traces his barbering career from Lihue to Downtown Honolulu and back to Kauai.


A hybrid approach using a combination of explicit solvent molecules and the isodensity polarizable continuum model (IPCM) method is proposed for the calculation of the solvation thermodynamic properties of ions. This model, denominated cluster−continuum, has been applied to the calculation of the solvation free energy of 14 univalent ions, mainly organic species, and compared with the results obtained with the IPCM, polarizable continuum solvation model (PCM), and SM5.42R continuum methods. The average error in our calculated solvation free energies with respect to experimental data is 8.7 kcal mol-1. However, the great merit of our model resides in the homogeneous treatment for different ions, resulting in a standard deviation of only 2.9 kcal mol-1 for the average error. Our results suggest that the cluster−continuum model must be superior to the IPCM, PCM, and SM5.42R methods for studying chemical reactions in the liquid phase, because these continuum methods present a standard deviation of ∼8 kcal mol...


The present invention provides a solid formulation of tolvaptan. The solid formulations are prepared by dissolving the carrier tolvaptan, prepared from materials obtained after drying the amorphous tolvaptan composition with other pharmaceutically acceptable, wherein tolvaptan weight ratio of 1.5 to the carrier between 5. Good dissolution of the formulation, stability, bioavailability.


Abstract The self-coupling reaction of N-acylbenzotriazoles and their cross-coupling with diarylketones promoted by Sm/TiCl4 system were investigated. Self-coupling reaction could afford α-diketones or benzoins in moderate yields, while the cross-coupling reaction gave 1,2,2-triaryl ethanones in good yields.


The article summarizes the interactive theory,and finds out the trends of the research area. That is,the interactivity in learning process tends to providing feedback to help learners' concept construction. According the Sims seventh interactive theory,the article analyses the web-based courseware made by the SkillSoft Company. It also makes some conclusion,that is,courseware interaction designers must pay more attention to the effect of interactivities to learners' cognitive development and sensibility.


We present a joint seismic inverse scattering and finite-frequency (reflection) tomography program, formulated as a coupled set of optimization problems, in terms of inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations. We use a higher order finite difference scheme for these Helmholtz equations to guarantee sufficient accuracy. We adapt a structured approximate direct solver for the relevant systems of algebraic equations, which addresses storage requirements through compression, to yield a complexity for computing the gradients or images in the optimization problems that consists of two parts, viz., the cost for all the matrix factorizations which is O(rN log N) times the number of frequencies, and the cost for all solutions by substitution which is O(N log(r log N)) times the number of frequencies times the number of sources (events), where N = n if n is the number of grid samples in any direction, and r is a parameter depending on the preset accuracy and the problem at hand. With this complexity, the multi-frequency approach to inverse scattering and finite-frequency tomography becomes computationally feasible with large data sets, in dimensions d = 2 and 3.


We demonstrate that the excitation-induced excess dephasing of photon echoes in Pr 3+ :YAlO 3 ( 3 H 4 - 1 D 2 ) is predominantly induced by the 51-cm -1 resonant phonons associated with nonradiative relaxations of the excited ions. Instantaneous diffusion via direct ion-ion coupling is found to be much less important. The dephasing mechanism discussed should be applicable to all other systems where the relaxation of excited states involves nonradiative processes


Petroleum reservoirs are known to depths of ~ 10 km, and their ages extend to ~ 700 m.y. Since temperature is important to petroleum-forming processes, the thermal history of this region is analyzed. From the geologic record, average surface temperature values are derived for recent geologic time and 2.5 b.y .BP. These data are applied to the Newton cooling law to obtain a value of 2.63 x 10(-11)yr(-1) for the heat transfer constant of the Earth surface/space system. This, in turn, yields an approximate average cooling rate for the surface of 7iC per b.y. Profiles of average surface temperature over geologic time are constructed for high, middle and low latitudes. Respective initial average surface temperatures at these latitudes were 13.6i, 41.6i and 59.6iC. Two tests are applied to the cooling curves to check their validity. First, they are used with the rate constant for the mantle outgassing of water vapour and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to calculate the accumulation and average temperature of liquid surface water over geologic time. The results are consistent with the geologic record pertaining to the history of water-borne sediments, glaciation and life. Second, the calculated thermal characteristics of the surface are compared with published date for the mantle. They agree to within 2%. The surface average cooling-rate, applied to the average geothermal gradient of the crust, gives a value of <10i C. for the temperature change of a petroleum reservoir buried at a depth of 10 km over the past 700 m.y. The change for reservoirs either younger or less deep (or both) would be less. These results indicate that the importance of reservoir age to petroleum -forming processes lies mainly in the increased opportunity for geologic change such as depth of burial or igneous activity that would alter conditions within the reservoir.


Lossless compression can reduce climate data storage by 30-40%. In general, further reductions require lossy compression that also reduces precision. Fortunately, geoscientific models and measurements generate false precision (scientifically meaningless data bits) that can be eliminated without sacrificing scientifically meaningful data. We introduce Bit Grooming, a lossy compression algorithm that removes the bloat due to falseprecision, those bits and bytes beyond the meaningful precision of the data. We evaluated Bit Grooming against competitors Linear Packing, Layer Packing, and GRIB2/JPEG2000.


Agriculture is the life industry which make solar energy. So, lowering the facility cost of agriculture in winter decreases the product cost and improve the productivity of the agriculture products by using natural energy. Nak-dong river is seen the present conditions by statics. In 1998, the cultivable area of gardening facility is about 40.8% of the totally cultivable area around Nak-dong river. 27.7% of the total facility area is operated by heated air or water. Therefore, green house systems applying heat pumps using Nak-dong river, nature energy, could make the circumstance which is needed for green house growing in case of 40℃ as the temperature of heat storage tank and we were able to know the result which can apply the farmhouse according to economic estimation.


The thermal expansion and ionic conduction of 15 mol% CaO-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) with added Al2O3 were investigated. Specimens with 0.5 and 1 mol% Al2O3 maintained the cubic phase, and the thermal diffusivity increased from 0.499 to 0.661 mm2/s with a 1 mol% addition. The addition of 5 mol% caused a decrease in the thermal diffusivity (0.609 mm2/s) with the formation of the monoclinic phase. The thermal expansion coefficient of the CSZ decreased, and the thermal diffusivity increased with the addition of Al2O3. The ionic conductivity was increased up to the addition of 1 mol% due to scavenging of siliceous by Al2O3, while the 5 mol% addition showed a decrease in conductivity with the formation of the intergranular phase.


"Mapped Bodies: Notes on the Use of Biometrics in Geopolitical Contexts" examines the role played by automated biometric technologies in migration control and in the so-called war on terror. Biometric methods such as automated fingerprint identification, iris scanning and facial recognition record microscopic bodily characteristics, computes patterns from them, and matches those patterns against already existing records in super-national databases. These technologies, we argue, are a telling example of a recasting of the relations between the body and state power, in which two current trends, the 'biologization' of the human being and the focus on security in the so-called war on terror, after 9/11 and subsequent terror attacks, are epitomized and combined. Starting from a visual culture studies perspective, this article discusses the negotiations of visibility and invisibility involved in biometrics, in connection to questions of power, subjectivity and citizenship. We draw on Vilem Flusser's and Paul Virilio's respective understanding of visual technologies as being ultimately "blind". We also draw on Emmanuel Levinas' and Giorgio Agamben's elaborations on the human face as an inherently ethical "depth dimension" of interpersonal encounters, a depth we find at risk of becoming eclipsed by the biometric flattening of bodily topographies into abstract, encoded patterns. Ultimately, we argue, automated biometrics threatens to dissolve the bond between subjectivity and citizenship.


: The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic ' s effects through the lens of community psychology. Our study applied PRISMA methodology, and it was carried out using the PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO databases utilizing the keywords " connectedness, " " resilience, " " shared action, " " social action, " " trust, " " individual well-being, " and " social well-being. " We selected 12 of 216 eligible publications based on the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the role of trust in institutions and others is a protective factor for communities that experience crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, developing social actions promoted connections and social support and that, in the absence of in-person communication, online communication promoted connections and reduced psychological distress and isolation. Finally, the study revealed that some psychosocial factors stem from declines in people ' s well-being due to the pandemic and subsequent lockdowns. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the role of technology as a positive communication tool for promoting connectedness and social support, as well as the social function of trust in institutions. Our results suggested that community interactions at the local and virtual levels should be viewed as positive actions to support institutions in detecting the most effective social intervention measures to stimulate individual and community well-being during the pandemic. These findings may serve as a guide for health policymakers in their efforts to face the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic supporting beneficial strategies for social planning and effective public policies. Finally, both the strengths and limitations of the research will be discussed in depth.


Detailed study of ostracode faunas extracted from the Lower Cretaceous Risan Aneiza Formation in three stratigraphic sections measured at Gebel Raghawi in the Maghara area (northern Sinai, Egypt) yielded 42 ostracode taxa belonging to 29 genera. From these, six taxa : Cytherelloidea ghabounensis raghawiensis, Antipaijenoburchella bassiounii, Pleurocythere ? sinaiensis, Rehacythereis btaterensis paratorifera, Spinoleberis aegyptiensis and Veeniacythereis ghabounensis nodosa are new. The recorded assemblages are dominated by taxa which are characteristic for the Aptian age. Few taxa, however, are also known from older or younger intervals, indicating stratigraphic ranges most probably longer than what was indicated in previous studies. The recorded ostracode faunas are dominated by normal open marine taxa, characteristic for the shallow littoral depths. Apart from the new records, the species recorded have a wide geographic distribution parallel to the southern Tethys margin, from Morocco in the west to the Arabian Gulf region in the east.


Australia's oral health is a disgrace, and it is getting worse. The omission of the mouth from the health system is an increasingly glaring anomaly. While Medicare has its problems, it can only be regarded as a popular success. It's time that the last gap was filled and Medicare covered the whole body. Universal dental care is an idea whose time has come.


Programming languages share a social and formal heritage. These families were historically divided, but share deep roots, and we argue their destined matrimony heralds important consequences for language design and generative language modeling. In our work, we develop a sociotechnical framework for understanding the dynamics of programming and argue it captures many of the social and formal properties of language acquisition and evolution.


Esther Newton followed the old dicta of Robert Park and went out to discover the convulsions of a homosexual world. Her focus was upon the female impersonator as a category or role within this urban world. The book starts slowly and one has the feeling that Ms. Newton was literally finding her way in an environment that was very strange to her. Long descriptions are provided with a suggestion of a &dquo;gee whiz&dquo; quality. Much is made of the differences between &dquo;street fairies&dquo; (young performers who do record logs and are on the whole more &dquo;alienated&dquo; than other drag performers) and &dquo;professionals&dquo; (female impersonators who do comedy, &dquo;glamour&dquo; singing or dancing &dquo;live&dquo;). Long, amusing transcripts of performances fill one chapter. Deference is paid to one &dquo;Irving Goffman,&dquo; who apparently provided a number of insights in his book, Stigma. Then, the author makes clear a number of the strands she had previously been weaving and sums them in a brief assessment of the symbolic meaning of the drag performance (homosexual performance and performing homosexuals). It challenges the entire system of ascribed sex-role typing, and makes the statement symbolically that sex may be achieved, as with other,


Series Editor's Preface. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Preface. 1. Poverty, Language, and Early Intervention. 2. The Communities, Families, and Schools. 3. The Carolina Abecedarian Intervention Project. 4. Language Use Out of School. 5. Learning in Small Groups: The Core of the Curriculum. 6. Tutorial Interaction Between Teacher and Child. 7. The Effects of the Intervention on School-Related Skills. 8. Success for all Children in School. References. Index.


The foam stability (drainage half-life) of α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) or xanthan gum (XG) solution was evaluated by the Warring Blender method. With the increase of polymer (HPAM or XG) concentration, foam stability of the surfactant–polymer complexes increased, and the drainage half-life of AOS-XG foam was higher than that of AOS-HPAM foam at the same polymer and surfactant concentration. With the addition of polymer (HPAM or XG), the viscoelasticity of bulk solution and the liquid film were enhanced. The viscoelasticity of AOS-XG bulk solution and liquid film were both higher than that of AOS-HPAM counterparts.


For the calculation the sensation of swinging and the dynamical wheel load for driving on uneven roads, it is sufficient to consider the range of frequency from 0 to 25 hz and to introduce discrete swinging models. For the covering abstract of the conference see TRIS 395019. (Author/TRRL)


In the increasingly globalizing world, it has become essential for engineers to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to perform specialized tasks within diverse social contexts, and with peers coming from disparate cultural backgrounds. However, there are many constraints to educate every student to acquire global capabilities. The evolution of information and communication technologies has changed the educational landscape, as well as the perception toward online learning. Online teaching has the potential to serve as a vehicle for training global engineers with a broad perspective in a cost-effective manner. Videoconferencing technology allows instructors and students from several different locations to have face-to-face interactions. However, it requires the diverse types of interactions among students and instructors in order to achieve effective teaching and learning using videoconferencing system. This paper aims to detail real-time, multi-site, collaborative videoconferencing lecture developed by Global Education Center for Engineers (GECE) hosted by Seoul National University. These schemes have been developed to exploit synergies among partner universities. It is believed that the paper presents a useful model for those seeking to implement similar collaborative education programs.


Shorter and safer hospital stay (HS) is a desired outcome for patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of a series of pre‐defined inflammatory cell indexes based on preoperative complete blood counts, towards length of HS in open elective thoracic surgery.


The article discusses recent changes in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure in the sphere of the prosecutor's right to oppose decisions made by a court during the trial. The purpose of the article is to show the public prosecutor's increasing interference in the course of criminal proceedings, which, as a result, makes it possible to take control over the course and outcome of specific criminal proceedings.


During the Soviet occupation, the whole Lithuanian SSR media was regarded as one of the key propaganda tools based on pure ideological content and socialist-communist messages. In such a media setting television played an essential role; together with radio (as in Moscow's example) the latter felt under control of a committee ruled by the Council of Ministers (CM), Central Committee (CC) and Moscow patrons itself. But this situation was about to change when Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania) came to public and tried to established its right to uncensored broadcast time via television for its own dissemination of information, which sometimes had a strong political message and was not in favour of ruling regime and party. Sąjūdis had a purpose which was totally new during Lithuanian SSR times since the start of television broadcasts in 1957 – it was uncensored broadcasting time. Based on archive sources, memoirs and press articles, this research focuses on the telecast "Atgimimo banga" as one of the essential informational channels for Sąjūdis. This article tries to disclose its history, influence and conflicts between Sąjūdis and ruling regime, which tried to control and censor telecast's content. Eventually, the sporadic telecast's format had another effect: when in 1989 Sąjūdis became important part of the Lithuanian SSR political system, telecast's popularity came to decline. One of the most popular perestroika time TV programs had some unfulfilled expectations, and, during the time, it made it as one of the most unpopular. The chronological boundaries of this research start at June of 1988, when Sąjūdis was created, and ends in March of 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet Union.


be useful as a diagnostic criterion for RA (6). Therefore, if the antiCCP level had been considered as part of the inclusion criteria in the study by Fatima et al, the study cohort may have been more representative of an early RA population. Second, in the study by Fatima et al, patients who had not completed a HAQ disability index at either baseline or 12 months and patients who had not received treatment with a DMARD or biologic agent in their first year of follow-up were excluded, and therefore selection bias may have had some influence on the results. It is possible that patients with incomplete HAQ information had poorer adherence to treatment and subsequently worse outcomes. As for patients who did not receive DMARDs/biologic agents in the first year of follow-up, this group of patients may have already been experiencing severe symptoms at baseline, and therefore they may have been reluctant to allow the addition of DMARDs to their existing treatment regimen. In summary, the exclusion criteria used in the study by Fatima et al could have overlooked early RA patients who were either poorly adherent to treatment or were experiencing severe underlying disease, making the study sample less representative. Finally, we have some sincere concerns with regard to the potential influence of several residual confounders. Although the authors utilized the Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (7) to minimize the effect of comorbidities on all-cause mortality, there are still a few factors to consider in terms of those that might potentially convey a risk of confounding of the study results, including frequency of alcohol consumption, presence of cirrhosis or chronic kidney disease, and each patient's nutrition status and body mass index at baseline and over follow-up. Drs. Ko and Yeh contributed equally to this work. Author disclosures are available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement? doi=10.1002%2Fart.41916%file=art41916-sup-0001-Disclosureform.pdf.


Despite numerous efforts to bring about a clear and unbiased definition of CSR, there is still some confusion as to how CSR should be defined. In this paper five dimensions of CSR are developed through a content analysis of existing CSR definitions. Frequency counts are used to analyse how often these dimensions are invoked. The analysis shows that the existing definitions are to a large degree congruent. Thus it is concluded that the confusion is not so much about how CSR is defined, as about how CSR is socially constructed in a specific context. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


In this paper, by assuming that a general progressive Type II right censored sample is available, we obtain Minimum Risk Equvariant (MRE) estimator for the parameter of the exponential model in three situations. These generalize the results of Chandrasekar et.al. (2002 ) for progressive Type II right censored sample . The paper is organized as follows : Section 2 deals with the problem of equivariant estimation under Squared error loss function. Section 3 discusses the problem of equivariant estimation under Absolute error loss function. In the last Section, we consider the problem of equivariant estimation of the parameter under Linex loss function ( Varian,1975). ABSTRACT 1. Summary Progressive Type II right censored sampling is an important method of obtaining data in life-testing studies. As pointed out by Aggarwala and Balakrishnan (1998), the scheme of progressive censoring enables us to use live units, removed early, in other tests. Balakrishnan and Sandhu (1996), by assuming a general progressive Type II right censored sam- ple, derived the BLUE's for the parameters of one-and two-parameter exponential distributions. For the later, they also derived MLE's and shown that they are simply the BLUE's, adjusted for their bias. Let us consider the following general progressive Type II right censor- ing scheme (Balakrishnan and Sandhu, 1996) : Suppose N randomly selected units were placed on a life test; the failure times of the first r units to fail were not observed ; at the time of the (r+1) th failure, R r+1 number of surviving units are withdrawn from the test randomly, and so on; at the time of the (r+i) th failure, R r+i number of surviving units are randomly withdrawn from the test ; finally, at the time of the n-th failure, the remaining R n = N - n - R r+1 - R r+2 - ... - R n-1 are withdrawn from the test. Suppose X r+1:N ≤ X r+2:N ≤ .... ≤ X n:N are the life-times of the completely observed units to fail, and R r+1 , R r+2 , ..., R n are the number of units withdrawn from the test at these failure times, respectively. It follows that ∑ + = + = n


Straws, as main crop byproducts, are one of important biological resources. To rationally use straw resources is a challenge confronted by modern agriculture. The paper has summarized the research advance of microbial technologies in straw conversion and utilization and discussed their advantages and disadvantages and development trends, with an attempt to provide a theoretical reference for further developing and using straws.


There is provided a vehicle navigation system that provides one or more route selections based on various factors that reduce the running costs, particularly fuel costs. A fuel cost Pradiktoralgorithmus weighting the various factors to determine the most cost-effective route. The factors may include all the fuel and / or vehicle costs affected, such as a distance to be, driving conditions, such as temperature, snow, ice, etc., fuel prices along the route, the terrain, vehicle diagnostics, a traffic jam, driver performance, a desired arrival time, rare traffic events, an average speed, etc.


The invention provides feed for improving the productivity of newly born dairy calf. The feed comprises main feed, enzyme additive, zeolite, microelement premix, vitamin premix, lime powder, table salt and traditional herbal medicine additive for improving the productivity of calf. The feed provided by the invention can improve the immunity of the newly born dairy calf, adjust the micro-ecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract of the dairy calf, ensure the healthy growth of the daily calf, enhance the stress resistance of the dairy calf and the resistance of the organism against external microorganism invasion, and increase the weight increasing speed and the feed conversion rate.


The Alaskan eruptions of Augustine Volcano (1986) and Redoubt Volcano (1989-90) were major hazards to air traffic at Anchorage, along a major polar air route. Detailed examinations were made of multispectral imagery collected by the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) aboard polar orbiting NOAA weather satellites. More than 70 images of eruptions from the two volcanoes, which exhibit a great variety of eruptive and atmospheric conditions have been examined. The data set offers an elaborate test of the utility of synoptic weather satellites for discriminating and tracking eruption clouds. The results so far are very encouraging, demonstrating a success in discrimination and mapping of eruption clouds under a variety of conditions. The two eruptions have different spectral characteristics, which have precluded the use of a single algorithm to discriminate eruption clouds from meteorological ones. Laboratory spectral study of ashes collected from the field are being used to help understand differing spectral characteristics of ash clouds as detected by the AVHRR.


The tectono-magmatic history of the Midcontinent rift system can be explained by the presence of a mantle plume bringing elevated-temperature mantle beneath the rift system at about 1110 Ma. Huge volumes of extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks were generated as abnormally hot mantle decompressed beneath the lithospheric rift. Geochemical and isotopic data from the Keweenawan volcanics show that the earliest melts were derived from small-degree melting of primitive plume mantle, coupled with enriched metasomatic melts derived from the continental lithosphere. As rifting progressed, the main bulk of the volcanics was generated primarily from the plume mantle, with the melting starting at depths of about 120 km and extending to as shallow as the base of the stretched lithosphere at 45 km depth. Elevated mantle temperatures of 1500–1560 °C, approximately 150–200 °C above normal, are inferred from the rare earth element concentrations in the volcanic rocks. Further constraints on the mantle temperature come f...


The gradable property associated with "good" is value. Chapter 4 pursues the question "What is value?" and does so by linguistic means. The term "value" is a mass noun. This mass noun is polysemous between generic and specific senses; where the former comprises so-called negative, neutral, and positive value; and the latter denotes only positive value. The chapter argues that positive value is purpose serving, which is to say contribution to the realization of a purpose. Consequently, for an entity x to be good is for x to contribute to the realization of a purpose to a significant degree. "Purpose," as here employed, is a univocal modal term, whose denotation comprises at least four basic kinds: biological and characteristic artificial purposes and ad hoc purposes derived from either intentions or desires. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relation between value and quality.


The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure students' attitudes toward multimedia classrooms and to investigate students' attitudes toward learning in multimedia classrooms. The research questions examined: (1) whether the instrument of students' attitudes toward multimedia classrooms valid and reliable; (2) students' attitudes toward multimedia classrooms; (3) whether there are differences among various classes with respect to students' attitudes; (4) whether differences exist between male and female students with respect to their attitudes; and (5) whether there is any interaction between types of course and gender with respect to students' attitudes. The study of 166 participants (students at a large university in the northeastern United States) showed that the attitude instrument was moderately reliable and valid. The mean scores of attitude items were high. There were no interactions between types of courses and gender, and there were no significant differences across courses with respect to attitudes. Female participants had significantly higher attitude scores than male participants. Contains 6 tables and "Attitudes towards Multimedia Classroom" questionnaires are appended. (Author/AEF) ***************************** ***** ********************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


We propose a source of multimode squeezed light that can be used for the superresolving microscopy beyond the standard quantum limit. This source is an optical parametric amplifier with a properly chosen diaphragm on its output and a Fourier lens. We demonstrate that such an arrangement produces squeezed prolate spheroidal waves which are the eigen modes of the optical imaging scheme used in microscopy. The degree of squeezing and the number of spatial modes in illuminating light, necessary for the effective object field reconstruction, are evaluated.


These days, Emotional Intelligence (EI) is becoming increasingly well-known in organizations and is closely linked to job performance. The purpose of this qualitative meta-analysis is to determine the relationship between EI and job performance as well as the impact of EI on job performance. A total of 14 empirical studies are reviewed in this study. The overall results demonstrated that EI has a positive relationship with job performance. Besides that, most of the studies show great impact of EI on job performance. Several recommendations for further investigations are also proposed in this study.


In 1977, using a wire-tipped balloon, Dr Andreas Gruentzig performed the first percutaneous coronary intervention on a blockage in Mr Adolph Bachmann's left anterior descending coronary artery.1a The continued success of this pioneering event has been documented by follow-up angiography at 10 years and again at 23 years postprocedure. Mr Bachmann's follow-up angiograms may be the most viewed on the planet, because they were obtained during dramatic, live demonstration conferences in front of thousands of physicians and were published in the New England Journal of Medicine .1b In fact, Mr Bachmann was recently honored at an event attended by over 10 000 people at a large medical meeting. It is indeed very fortunate for the field of interventional cardiology that Mr Bachmann's left anterior descending artery blockage did not recur.

Article see p 42

In 2010, despite all the promising technology and all the research, creativity, effort, and dollars poured into the field, the problem of restenosis, although vastly reduced, has not been eliminated. It is not an exaggeration to state that at my institution, Scripps Clinic, nearly every working day we see at least 1 patient with restenosis of a drug-eluting stent (DES). One report estimated 200 000 repeat revascularizations are performed every year in the United States for DES failure.2 Despite tremendous progress in lowering the incidence of restenosis with DES, given the large number of percutaneous coronary intervention procedures performed worldwide every year, even a low restenosis rate translates into a significant absolute number of patients experiencing this problem. The problem of DES restenosis is pervasive enough that all physicians caring for patients with coronary disease should be well versed in its treatment.

Early data from the bare-metal stent era informed us that if restenosis were to occur, we could expect it within 6 …


Cucumber suri (Cucumis melo L.) is one of natural materials which has many bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-cholesterol, antidiabetic, and several other activities. Eventough, Cucumber suri (Cucumis melo L.) has a fairly low flavonoid content. In addition, bioactive compounds in cucumber suri seeds tend to be difficult to dissolve in water, unstable to pH, and even have a low bioavailability. Nanoparticles can be used to increase the activity of natural materials by using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinking agents. This study aims to determine the characteristics of nano chitosan-cucumber suri seeds (Cucumis melo L.). First, Cucumber Suri seeds weas previously extracted using maceration method and identified theirs bioactive compounds. And then, Cucumber Suri seed extract was encapsulated with Chitosan: STPP (5: 1). Characterization test was carried out using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Infrared Spectrophotometry, and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The encapsulation process of Cucumber Suri seed extract produces a clear, homogeneous and stable supernatant. The values of characterization with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry in 0 to 60 minutes was >90%, that indicated nanosized particleswas succefully formed. The IR characterization values indicate a shift in the nano chitosan-cucumber suri seeds wavelength compare with chitosan. The shift of –OH stretching vibration at wavelength 3403 cm−1 and stretching vibration of C=O in 1642 cm−1 showed there was an interaction between chitosan and Cucumber Suri seed extract. Analysis using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) showed that chitosan-cucumber suri seeds had a normal polydispersion index (PI) of 0.677 and average particle diameter size was 360 nm.


The hydraulic plate seal made of aluminium pipes with nominal flow of 100 mm and operating pressure of 0.5 MPa. The crossing pipes with a length of 6.0 m are composing the installation of sprinkling watering with manual actuation and stationary watering IIAM type. The construction material is of rubber accessories, according to STAS 7277-83.The plate consists of an out lip, a lip inside a frontal area of an elastic sealing membrane that can be found in some rectangular equidistant channels. The technical solution represents the subject for an application submitted for getting a patent of invention no. 2006/00102. The plate has a high performance due to its simple and resistant structure, emptying with a higher speed, allowing a set over up to 7 degrees at each coupling on both sides of the alignment, for making curve trajectories.


Chapter books present young readers with many more challenges than do the picture books that initiate them into reading. This case study investigation explored ways in which three first graders used their literature response journals to help them negotiate their first chapter book read aloud. Findings of the three case studies revealed that the children continued their engagement in the story world as they wrote in their journals. The children relied on different strategies and focused on somewhat different facets of the story world as they wrote and drew in their journals. However, the strategies they used were ones that held great potential to support meaning making in a complex text world.


An increasing number of Australian students do not follow the traditional path from secondary school to university. The primary purpose of this paper is to assess the effect different entry paths to tertiary education have on performance in a second year management accounting course. A secondary purpose was to assess the effect of other features of students background on performance. Background factors selected on the basis of a literature review were prior study of accounting, general ability, language, gender and study mode (full-time or part-time). The findings are that part-time students perform better than full-time students. In addition entry qualifications together with general ability explained performance in second year management accounting. The prior study of accounting at secondary school, gender and language background had no significant effect on performance. These findings have implications for selection processes and teaching practice in undergraduate accounting education.


International Conference "Urban dynamics and health: concepts, methods and applications". September 11th-13th, 2013, University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense Urban Health is a crucial issue, as we have been facing an increasing urbanization: more than half of the world population now lives in urban areas, both in the North and the South. Urban health raises a range of original questions on health determinants, the emergence of new diseases, preventive and curative care... and requires t...


Background: There may be gross under-reporting of clefts in developing nations due to late and non-presentation. The aim of this study was to highlight the descriptive epidemiology of the cleft lip and palate cases managed at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery units of two secondary health facilities in southwestern Nigeria and the factors accounting for late presentation.
Methodology: A prospective, cross-sectional study with consecutive recruitment of consenting cleft patients on presentation at the facilities between July 2010 and February 2012. A questionnaire was used to collect patients' data. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) to present descriptive statistics.
Results: Sixty three patients participated: 27 males (42.9%), 36 females (57.1%). The median age was 8 years (age range 1 day to 41 years). In addition the age distribution was multimodal (modal ages: 1 year and 4 years). The male to female ratio was 1: 1.3. The most common type of cleft seen was unilateral cleft lip with or without palate (50.8%) while median cleft was the least common (1.6%). About 9.5% 0f the cleft cases were associated with congenital anomalies. Consanguinity was not found in any of the patients. Over 70% of the patients presented late for treatment with financial constraints being the most common reason for late presentation. Only 6.3% of the patients gave a family history of clefts. Only a third of those who had surgery were present at the third follow up visit.
Conclusions: Late presentation, poor compliance to follow up and poverty remain the great challenges to OFC repair services in developing countries. It is believed that increasing availability of OFC repair services, together with an increase in awareness campaigns, may help to resolve these issues. There is a need for well designed prospective studies in the developing world to assess the true burden of the entity.


Through the review of the principle of entry and the principle of reliability in the Real Estate Cadastre and their reach in our court practice, this article indicates the indispensability of compliance with these principles for the sake of legal certainty. A formidable and a complex role of the court when applying law in order to rightfully resolve an individual case has been underlined. Having regard to the accountability of the courts for the efficacy of the legal system, without any intention to disavow the court practice, some deficiencies have been pointed out, with the aim to help. An abstract manner of legal norms necessarily requires a creative role of courts in cases which cannot be easily qualified. For that reason certain deviations ought to be made followed by reasoning which unambiguously leads to the conclusion that only a specific decision which the court rendered is possible and just.


According to Vpon, a mobile advertising platform, it showed that Taiwanese users surfed the Internet very frequently during work, especially lunch time. In addition, they also surfed the Internet frequently after work. To some extent, smart phone users are addicted to their smart phones. People think that working in the public sector is better than other jobs. However, it is tougher than before to serve the citizens or develop the policy due to the many new polices by government. Therefore, the public servants' performance and working satisfaction decrees by a lot of working pressure. This study intended to explore what the civil servants used smart phone under high working pressure. Were they addicted to using smart phone by working pressure? It also discussed the relationship between the civil servants' working pressure and their behaviors of addicted to smart phone. The participants of this study who had used smart phone were selected in the civil sector in Kaohsiung city. Based on the convenience sampling, this research was conducted by descriptive statistics, t-test, regression analysis, analysis of variance. The results are as follows: 1. There is significant difference between the type of civil servants' working pressure in Kaohsiung city and their behavior of using smart phone. 2. There is significant difference between the type of civil servants' addition to smart smart phone in Kaohsiung city and their behavior of using smart phone. 3. There is significant difference between the civil servants' working pressure in Kaohsiung city and their addition to smart phone.


This study highlights that Fe additive offers better catalytic properties than carbon, Fe-C (iron carbide/carbon composites) and Fe-Mg (Mg2FeH6) additives for the low temperature dehydrogenation of magnesium hydride. In-situ XRD study proves the formation of Mg2FeH6 phase in the iron additive loaded MgH2. Nonetheless, DSC study suggests that this Mg2FeH6 phase does not present any catalytic influence for MgH2. On the other hand, the composite system Mg2FeH6/MgH2 shows significantly improved dehydrogenation properties even in absence of further additives. The improved system performance of Fe loaded MgH2 is suggested to be attributed to restrictions on crystal growth of MgH2 and the catalytic behavior of nanoparticles of Fe, rather than any intrinsic catalytic properties offered by the formed mixed metal phase Mg2FeH6.


Numerical computations of moderator flows inside calandria of the typical CANDU-6 reactor are presented here. The numerical model is based on incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in artificial compressibility formulation with dual time-stepping approach for time-accurate computations. A high-resolution unstructured finite-volume scheme, based on the HLLC-AC Riemann solver for convective fluxes and central differencing type discretization for viscous fluxes, is used here. In order to simulate more realistic flow, the calandria tube matrix is considered directly, in contrast with the usual practice of indirect accounting of tube bundles through porosity modeling. The moderator flows are computed for different operating conditions. The nature of computed flow is found to be dependent on the relative balance between momentum and buoyancy forces as observed by Carlucci. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the effect of moderator inlet diffuser location, moderator inlet flow velocity, and angle of moderator inlet diffuser. The inlet flow velocity and inlet diffuser location are found to have significant effect on flow features inside the calandria.


The UN Framework on Human Rights and Business comprises the State's duty to protect human rights, the corporate responsibility to respect human rights, and the duty to remedy abuses. The corporate responsibility to respect rests upon the notion of human rights due diligence. This concept has been highly influential in the latest revision of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises which has, for the first time, adopted a general principle of corporate due diligence in the observance of the corporate social responsibility standards it contains. This paper examines the impact of the emerging due diligence concept. It argues that its use in relation to social responsibility issues by corporate actors will lead to the creation of binding legal duties, at least at the level of national law. Principles of corporate and tort law can be adapted to this end. More problematic is the reform of international law given the absence of legal personality for corporations. Nonetheless the expectation to apply due diligence that is created by recent international developments has significant implications for the ethical duties and decision-making processes of corporate actors, as well as for the future development of legally binding duties under International Economic Law.


The degree project presented below is a study of the use of Tics (Information and Communication Technologies), in an education institution in the City of Guayaquil, where children are sought to benefit in their learning processes. The proposal of an educational platform is proposed where the teachers of the institution, students and parents will participate; the best thing to use these educational platforms is that students can interact with their teacher without being in the classroom being able to solve any type of questions or inconvenience that happens, being aware of the current technological era in which we live we see the implementation of the Tics necessary so that children from an early age have the resources that are now necessary. ESTUDIO DEL USO DE LAS TICS EN LOS PROCESOS DE APRENDIZAJE DE LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA SAN JUAN FRANCISCO JAVIER


The aim of this work was to study the ontogenetic process in teeth from their early appearance in the ossifying matrix of the mandible and maxilla, in different foetuses of scalar ages. Radiographic examinations of the skull and mandible hemisections were performed and the latero‐medial (LM) and dorso‐ventral (DV) projections for the skull and mandible were analysed. A high‐definition film‐screen combination was used for this study. The exposure values ranged from 35 kV/6 mAs to 58 kV/10 mAs, according to the size of the skulls and their degree of ossification. The first dental germ observed was the P3, at 138–140 days of pregnancy. At 146 days, P2 and P4 dental germs were visible. At 160–168 days, the dental germ of the first deciduous incisor tooth (I1) appeared; at 180–188 days of pregnancy the germ of the second (I2), and at 224 days the germ of the third (I3), were detectable. At 275 days the dental germ of the mandibular first molar tooth (M1) appeared, while the maxillar M1, which was not visible radiographically, was represented by a jelly‐like amorphous body within its alveolar cavity.


A total beam compression of 5 and 10 corresponding to the asymmetry angles of 9° and 12° is achieved with V‐5 and V‐10 monochromators, respectively, in standard single crystal pure germanium (220) X‐ray beam compressing (V‐shaped) monochromators for CuKα1 radiation. A higher 1D compression of X‐ray beam is possible using larger angles of asymmetry, however it is achieved at the expense of the total intensity, which is decreased due to the refraction effect. To increase the monochromator intensity, several ways are considered both theoretically and experimentally. Linearly graded germanium rich GexSi(1−x) single crystal was used to prepare a V‐21 single crystal monochromator with 15° asymmetry angles (compression factor of 21). Its temperature gradient version is discussed for CuKα1 radiation. X‐ray diffraction measurements on the graded GeSi monochromator showed more than 3‐times higher intensity at the output compared with that of a pure Ge monochromator.


Missed abortion is one of the common obstetrical and gynecological complications, angiogenesis is the most important factor in fetal and placental development. However, the definite etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood.


Roughness of steel disc working surface operating in tandem with МК-5 metalloceramic friction layer based on copper with lubricant film, was investigated; results are given.


Background and Purpose—Early and accurate diagnosis of brain edema in stroke patients is essential for the selection of appropriate treatment. We examined the correlations between the changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), regional water content, and tissue ultrastructure during early focal cerebral ischemia. Methods—The left middle cerebral arteries of cats were occluded with an intramagnet occlusion/recirculation device. T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and perfusion imaging were performed repeatedly during the initial 3 hours after occlusion. The ADCs obtained from ADC maps were compared with the corresponding tissue water content values determined by gravimetry and electron microscopic water localization. Results—ADC reduction was detected in areas of low perfusion 15 minutes after occlusion and thereafter. The water content increase correlated linearly with the ADC decreases in both the gray and white matter. However, both the water content corresponding to an ADC value and the rate of ...


The present invention discloses a method of forming a field oxide of silicon in the inside surface of the trench, comprising the steps of: forming a trench; forming a first silicon oxide layer in the field of the interior surface of the trench; forming a second silicon nitride layer; light engraved sealant coating and covered by the photoresist only in the bottom of the trench; dry etching process to remove the second silicon nitride plateau region outside of the trench; removing the photoresist and wet etching the second field silicon oxide layer remains only at the bottom of the trench; removing the second silicon nitride layer; forming a second silicon oxide layer field, the first field and the silicon oxide layer is superimposed so that the bottom of the trench is greater than the thickness of the silicon oxide side of the field the thickness of the silicon oxide field. The present invention can be formed in the trench bottom thick field silicon oxide, silicon oxide thin side field oxide silicon field structure, no additional photolithography process, low cost, is applied to the gate trench power MOS transistor having a gate shield to increase the electric field strength of the bottom of the gate trench gate trench, improving breakdown voltage.


A substrate for a group III nitride-based electronic device comprises a layer of silicon carbon and a layer of silicon carbon germanium over the layer of silicon carbon, the layer of silicon carbon and the layer of silicon carbon germanium forming a substrate for a group III nitride-based device.


Abstract Structural damage or abnormality of the brain may be related to offending. What is known about the consequences of lesions to the frontal and temporal lobes and of the results of head injury, suggests psychological changes that might well enhance the risk of offending, and in particular violent offending. Evidence from two sources is reviewed, that based on studies of offender groups and that based on those follow-up studies of clinically defined samples of head injury victims which have reported offence related outcomes. Despite some methodological limitations, the balance of evidence is that frontal damage and possibly temporal lobe damage is related to offending, particularly violent offending, and that head injury can act to precipitate offence related behaviour. It is suggested that future research needs to concentrate more on the factors that mediate the link between brain damage and offending behaviour.


The velocity of vapour and the interval of emission of spectral lines by electric discharge were first investigated by Schuster and Hemsalech" with rapidly rotating film. We studied a large numberof elements in a similarmanner, but with a somewhat different object of examining the changesin the behaviour of the lines, such as reversal, broadening, and other characteristics, by following their course during a discharge. The present report is confined only to spectra of the alkaline earths. The rotating film camera was provided with a drum, which was rotated by means of a small electric motor, making 5000 revolutions per minute, giving peripheral speed of 655•‹cm/sec to the film, which had a diam. of 25 cm. The camera was perforated by a slit, through which the spectra can be projected on the film. The spectrograph was


This study concerning the effect of facilitating test breast milk (power lactagogum) leaf powder moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) That were subjected to blanching in the manufacturing process of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) female Wistar. To measure the laktagogue used method of weighing babies suckling rats (weighing method). In this method the parent mice were divided into four groups: parent mice fed supplemental moringa leaf powder with boiled blanching treatment, parent mice fed with moringa leaf powder added with steam blanching treatment, parent mice fed with moringa leaf powder added to the blanching treatment boiled + sodium bicarbonate and parent control mice. Each group consisted of 6 rats cubs. Moringa leaf powder dosage used was 0.042 mg /g body weight, 0.084 mg / g bw / day, 0.168 mg / kg bw / day and the control (without giving sonde) which is administered orally. Weight gain is used as the basis of infant rats increased milk production that is inhaled by the child and newborn rats weighing performed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 of lactation. The difference in describing the child's weight rats increased milk production host mice. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16 for windows. The results showed that significantly Moringa leaves can increase milk production. Dose 0.042 mg / g body weight to the parent mice had increased milk production. Pup weight increased with increasing doses of Moringa leaf powder. Steam blanching treatment in the manufacture of flour is the best treatment.