2010;137;88-94; Prepublished online September 17, 2009; Chest Pinsky David C. Van Pelt, Richard Schulz, Lakshmipathi Chelluri and Michael R. Post-ICU Informal Caregiver Burden Patient-Specific, Time-Varying Predictors of http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/137/1/88.full.html and services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( of the copyright holder. may be reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of this article or PDF by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, 2010 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. Copyright CHEST is the official journal of the American College of Chest


Sexuality is an important cross-cutting theme to be debated in the school environment. As it is a theme that, at times, due to poor driving, it can generate unnecessary controversy, it was decided to read video clips and songs that are in the daily context of young people's lives. In this sense, 10 classes were prepared for a class of 34 students, aged 16 to 17, Youth and Adult Education II, 8th and 9th grade of Elementary School at a Municipal School, in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. The objective of this work was to develop a didactic sequence (SD) on the topic of sexuality through music and video clips. Most of the time, the subject is neglected in the school environment, mainly because it hurts the morality imposed by the standard of the conservative contemporary society. However, it is a cross-cutting theme and must necessarily be present in the basic education curriculum, above all basing debates on teenage pregnancy, contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted infections, respect for the body, among others. Through the applied didactic sequence, it was possible to raise the debate on sexuality within different cultural productions, this approach suggests the use of popular and multicultural knowledge in the classroom and illustrates well the dialogue between scientific knowledge and cultural issues such as music and productions audiovisual.


The proposed model and methods to combat threats to guarantee the transmission of information over wireless communication channels. In particular, the module is designed for the transmission path to a noise generator, which controls operation of the whole system, and each module individually.


Taxonomy and some aspects of biology of Alcock's croaker Atrobucca alcocki were described in the paper. This species was observed to be inhabitant between 50 and 100 m depth along Pakistan coast. Analysis of the stomach content revealed that A. alcocki is a macrophagus predator feeding on pelagic and demersal fishes and invertebrates. Mature specimens were observed in post monsoon months. The paper also gives description an aberrant specimen lacking anal fin.


Software development efforts estimation is the process of predicting the most realistic use of effort required to develop or maintain software based on incomplete, uncertain and/or noisy input. Effort estimates may be used as input to project plans, iteration plans, budgets, investment analyses, pricing processes and bidding rounds.In this paper, analysis are performed on data to show the parameters which has maximum influence on the productivity. The model presented in this paper can be applied in any organization to calculate the influence of parameters on productivity. Keywords-Productivity, Effort estimation, Duration.


The palladium catalyzed stepwise cross-coupling reaction of (E)-(2-bromoethenyl)diisopropoxyborane, readily available by bromoboration of acetylene, with α-alkoxyalkenylzinc chlorides and organic halides gives α,β-unsaturated ketones in good yields with high (E)-selectivity.


Expressions of the transition temperature for various anomalous phases are first derived in the framework of the two-band model for copper oxides. The effects of the photon field for the model are discussed under the Thomas–Fermi approximation. A phase diagram for copper oxides in the photon field is shown. Phase diagrams for possible other mechanisms are also investigated theoretically in relation to electron scattering processes.


This work looks at the issues involved in performing robust speech recognition over mobile and IP networks. The conventional method for sending speech across a mobile or IP network is to encode the speech on the terminal device using a low bit-rate codec and then transmit the stream of codec parameters. It is shown in this work that for speech recognition applications an alternative is available whereby the front-end processing part of a network-based speech recogniser is detached and moved onto the terminal device. Recognition features are then sent over the network to the remote recogniser. Simulations demonstrate that sending the speech features in this manner can provide a significant enhancement in recognition performance over the traditional codec-based approach. This technique forms the basis of the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) Aurora standard. Problems arising with access over IP networks are also considered and in particular that of packet loss. A novel two-stage identification and estimation strategy is introduced which compensates for this loss of speech packets. Simulation results show that an almost negligible loss in recognition performance is possible at packet losses of up to 50%.


Background: Fibroepithelial polyps are benign polypoidal lesion which arises from mesoderm. It is one of the most common cutaneous lesions. Fibroepithelial polyps are infrequently noted in the pharynx of an adult. We report a case of a 35 year old male patient who presented with foreign body sensation in the throat since 15 days. On examination a pedunculated polyp of about 3x1 cm was noted to arise from upper pole of left tonsil. Tonsillectomy was done under general anaesthesia and was sent for HPE which revealed fibroepithelial polyp of left tonsil. Fibroepithelial polyps of palatine tonsils are rare pedunculated benign lesions and have extremely low malignancy transformation.


Logical Analysis of Data is a procedure aimed at identifying relevant features in data sets with both positive and negative samples. The goal is to build Boolean formulas, represented by strings over {0,1,-} called patterns, which can be used to classify new samples as positive or negative. Since a data set can be explained in alternative ways, many computational problems arise related to the choice of a particular set of patterns. In this paper we study the computational complexity of several of these pattern problems (showing that they are, in general, computationally hard) and we propose some integer programming models that appear to be effective. We describe an ILP model for finding the minimum-size set of patterns explaining a given set of samples and another one for the problem of determining whether two sets of patterns are equivalent, i.e., they explain exactly the same samples. We base our first model on a polynomial procedure that computes all patterns compatible with a given set of samples. Computational experiments substantiate the effectiveness of our models on fairly large instances. Finally, we conjecture that the existence of an effective ILP model for finding a minimum-size set of patterns equivalent to a given set of patterns is unlikely, due to the problem being NP-hard and co-NP-hard at the same time.


Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF‐2A) is a calcium‐regulated transcription factor that promotes cell survival during nervous system development. To define and further characterize the distribution pattern of MEF‐2A in the adult mammalian brain, we used a specific polyclonal antiserum against human MEF‐2A to identify nuclear‐localized MEF‐2A protein in hippocampal and frontal cortical regions. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses showed that MEF‐2A was expressed not only in laminar structures but also in blood vessels of rat and human brains. MEF‐2A was colocalized with doublecortin (DCX), a microtubule‐associated protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts, in CA1 and CA2 boundaries of the hippocampus. MEF‐2A was expressed heterogeneously in additional structures of the rat brain, including the striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, we found a strong nuclear and diffuse MEF‐2A labeling pattern in spinal cord cells of rat and human material. Finally, the neurovasculature of adult rats and humans not only showed a strong expression of MEF‐2A but also labeled positive for hyperpolarization‐activated, cyclic nucleotide‐regulated (HCN) channels. This study further characterizes the distribution pattern of MEF‐2A in the mammalian nervous system, demonstrates that MEF‐2A colocalizes with DCX in selected neurons, and finds MEF‐2A and HCN1 proteins in the neurovasculature network. Synapse 59:513–520, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Aspidoglossum albocoronatum Bester & Nicholas is a unique species from Sekhukhuneland in Mpumalanga and southern Leolo Mountains in Limpopo, South Africa. In morphological character it belongs to the southern African Schizoglossum complex (which includes the genera Aspidoglossum , Schizoglossum s . s . and Miraglossum ). A description, line drawings and a comparative table to its related genera are presented.


We study the emergence of topological matter in two-dimensional systems of neutral Rydberg atoms in Ruby lattices. While Abelian anyons have been predicted in such systems, non-Abelian anyons, which would form a substrate for fault-tolerant quantum computing, have not been generated. To generate anyons with non-Abelian braiding statistics, we consider systems with mixed-boundary punctures. We obtain the topologically distinct ground states of the system numerically using the iDMRG technique. We discuss how these topological states can be created using ancilla atoms of a different type. We show that a system with 2N+2 punctures and an equal number of ancilla atoms leads to N logical qubits whose Hilbert space is determined by a set of stabilizing conditions on the ancilla atoms. Quantum gates can be implemented using a set of gates acting on the ancilla atoms that commute with the stabilizers and realize the braiding group of non-Abelian Ising anyons.


A gas chromatographic method is described which may be applied in the analysis of stack and exhaust gases. Two separate columns each containing sections of Porapak Q and R are used. The first is held at — 78°C until carbon monoxide elutes, then is programmed to room temperature. This column separates H2, N2, O2, A, CO, NO, CH4, CO2 and N2O. The second, maintained at 160°C, separates hydrocarbons up to and including hexane but not NO2 directly. Water can be removed at the beginning of the second column by a short section containing calcium sulfate placed ahead of the main column packing. Applications of the analytical method in the analysis of automobile exhaust gases and in the study of the catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen are discussed.


Article history: Received January 5, 2016 Received in revised format August 2, 2016 Accepted August 23, 2016 Available online August 23, 2016 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions of employees and work addiction in Management and Planning Organization of Hamedan. This study was descriptive-correlation and it was also an applied research in terms of its nature. The statistical population included all employees in Management and Planning Organization in Hamedan who worked in 2016 and their total number was 74 subjects. In this study, the statistical sample of employees was estimated up to 62 individuals using Morgan and Krejcie tables with simple random method. The measuring tool for personality dimensions was NEO 50-item short form questionnaire and one for work addiction was Spence and Robbins's 20item questionnaire. The results of Pearson correlation and regression analysis showed that all personality dimensions of employees had a significant relationship with work addiction which among them, extraversion, flexibility and accountability dimensions had a negative correlation with work addiction. Also, altruism and flexibility dimensions can predict work addiction, respectively.


Diversifying the energy mix of Bangladesh is becoming indispensable not only to improve its energy security, but also for a more sustainable economic development. This study focused on mapping the wind potential of southern coastal areas of Bangladesh to estimate the wind energy potential, along with the reduction in carbon emissions due to wind energy. Analysis of the carbon footprint was based on the annual energy production (AEP) from the selected low-wind turbine generators (WTGs). The time series-measured and -predicted wind data were incorporated with the high-resolution mesoscale and microscale wind re-source mapping technique at 60, 80, and 100 m above ground level (AGL). Coupling mesoscale and microscale modeling provided reliable mapping results for the commercially exploitable wind resource and was verified by ground-based wind measurement. The results revealed that, among the selected areas, two sites named Charfashion and Monpura have a promising annual mean wind speed of 7.3 m/s at 100 m AGL for energy generation. Different WTGs with ranges of 1–3.3 MW were used to estimate the wind energy generation capacity at different sites in the study area. A WTG with a 1 MW wind energy generation capacity installed at 60 m AGL in the selected site has the potential to produce 2.79 GWh/year of clean energy, reducing 1781.689 tons of CO2 per year, whereas a 3.3 MW WTG at 80 m AGL can produce 18.99 GWh/year of energy, reducing 12,098.54 tons of CO2 per year, and a 1.6 MW WTG at 100 m AGL produces 11.04 GWh/year of energy, cutting 7035.028 tons of CO2 per year. With its reliable scientific and time-tested wind energy estimation method, this research is very important for the development of wind energy in the southern coastal areas of Bangladesh to meet the increasing energy demands through initiating the development of renewable energy to improve the energy security and reduce the carbon emissions of the country.


We study the reduction of cross-phase modulation-induced impairments by the use of spectral inversion in long wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical links which utilize finite-dispersion fiber and standard dispersion compensation in addition to spectral inversion. We show that spectral inversion applied only once, not necessarily near the center of the entire link, significantly reduces the penalties caused by cross-phase modulation. We demonstrate by calculations, for several representative system configurations, Q-factor enhancements of 3-6dB. These enhancements are robust against system nonidealities and asymmetry. Spectral inverters based on LiNbO/sub 3/ show particular promise in WDM systems due to their inherently low crosstalk.


Abstract: A composite material is a materials system made up of two or more micro or macro elements with different forms and chemical compositions that are largely insoluble in one another. It basically comprises of two phases: matrix and fiber. Polymers, ceramics, and metals such as nylon, glass, graphite, Aluminium oxide, boron, and aluminium are examples of fibres. In the present research work epoxy is used as matrix and Bamboo, Sugarcane Bagasse and Coconut fibre are used as fibres for preparing the composites. In the preparation of specimen, the fibre as taken as a continuous fibre. The fibre is treated with NaOH solution. Hybrid natural fibre reinforced composites of bamboo, sugarcane baggase and coconut coir has been prepared using hand lay-up process of composite manufacturing. These hybrid composites were tested for determining their tensile and impact strengths. Results of mechanical testing reveals that the tensile strength of Bamboo- Bagasse hybrid composite is more compared to other composites. Taking into consideration of enhanced tensile and impact strength of bamboo-bagasse hybrid natural fibre polymer composite, we recommend the use of hybrid bamboo-bagasse composite in manufacturing of automotive bodies. Because of their unique characteristics of recyclability, waste utilization, biodegradability, good strength, and a viable alternative to plastics, these composites can be used for a variety of applications


Human motion analysis is one of the research directions which shows an increased interest worldwide due to the complete information we can get on human walking, normal or pathological, in order to confirm or exclude a diagnosis or to monitor patients who are receiving motor recovery program. In accordance with these new requirements a number of facilities were developed that provide information about variables, parameters and determinants of human gait allowing a complete analysis of it, but most are dependent on laboratory use, so we designed a device that can be used both laboratory and ambulatory, with a high degree of portability due to its small size and autonomy of the battery for several hours.


Chromium (III) oxide has been widely used as a coating material for corrosion resistance. In this study, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of nano chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) particle (60 nm) was investigated to develop coatings with potential applications of anticorrosive material. The stable suspension of Nano-Cr2O3 particles were obtained in the mixture of acetylacetone and ethanol containing 0.00025 M nitric acid. The coating growth rate was studied with using different deposition times in the range of 1–30 min at voltages of 50–150 V with various concentrations of suspension. The electrophoretic Cr2O3 coating was sintered at 1000°C and 1200°C for 2 h. The micro-morphology of coating was qualitatively characterized by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM). The SEM micrographs obviously showed that the electrophoretic Cr2O3 coating has formed a uniform and dense ultrathin layer after sintering at 1200°C. We demonstrated that nano-Cr2O3 coating could be easily obtained by EPD for the surface modification of metallic materials for potential interest in hard wear-resistant and/or low-friction coatings.


We study the one-loop radiative corrections to the SU(2) breaking mass splittings between sfermions in SU(2) doublets in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. At tree-level, the differences of mass squared m 2 ˜ f1L − m 2 ˜ f2L of SU(2) doublet sfermions ( ˜ f1, ˜ f2)L in the first two generations are determined by tan β, and are universal to sleptons and squarks. The radiative correction, however, breaks this relation. The typical deviation from the universality between sleptons and squarks is within ±0.05 in terms of the "effective cos2β". We also study the SUSY parameter dependence of the deviation. For very heavy sfermions, the relative corrections become large.


Subject
 Brazil's new data protection law.

 Significance
 Brazil's General Data Protection Law (LGPD) will come into effect in August 2020. Largely mirroring the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the new legislation seeks to strengthen citizen privacy while also giving legal certainty to businesses engaging in data transfers. However, unlike EU jurisdictions, Brazil will not set up an autonomous data authority to enforce its legislation. Rather, its new National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) will be directly linked to the presidency and have no budgetary independence.

 Impacts
 A reduced talent pool will limit the growth of Brazilian firms in the digital economy.
 Shortages of relevant talent will affect companies' ability to innovate.
 The shortcomings of Brazil's data protection legislation could add a serious hurdle to the development of its digital economy.


A series of twenty novel quinoline carboxamide analogues have been synthesized. Treatment of different anilines with quinoline carboxylic acid derivative was carried out to yield the desired product. A series of compounds from 1a-1t were synthesized,characterized by physical and spectral data and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using disc plate method at 200μg/ml concentration using ciprofloxacin as standard which had initial zone of inhibition of 23mm. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1k to 1o gave promising activity against Aeromonas and compounds 1f to 1q and 1s and 1t were active against Enterococcus species. Docking studies were carried out to study the interaction of these analogues with the target Aeromonas hydrophila.


Model food containing common salt(NaCl) was subjected to the thermoluminescence(TL) detection whether it is irradiated or not. Salt irradiated with (60)^Co-gamma ray and electron beam exhibited a characteristic TL glowcurve depending on the irradiation dose, showing major peaks at 206℃ and 326℃. The intensity of TL glowcurves was directly proportional to the irradiated doses regardless of irradiation sources at each concentration of salt. A high correlation coefficient was observed for irradiated salt between the irradiation doses and the corresponding TL responses. At the same dose, the intensity of TL glowcurve increased as the concentration of salt increased in the test sample. TL glowcurves of nonirradiated salt and irradiated model food without salt were negligible and similar to a baseline. However, irradiated model food containing salt gave rise to a characteristic TL glowcurve with two major peaks at about 240℃ and 300℃, respectively. The results showed that salt played a role as an internal as well as external indicator in TL measurements, indicating that TL will be applicable to other condiments and spices with salt for their detection whether they are irradiated or not.


Recently, demand for organic flax (Linum usitatissimum) in the upper Midwest has increased due to consumer demand for flaxseed to improve diets and due to the recent construction of a certified organic oilseed expelling facility in Cherokee, IA. Challenges exist to raising flax in Iowa, yet the majority of production guidelines are from the 1940s, or from the cooler and drier climates of North Dakota and Canada. Flax production in these areas is typically managed using chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. Growers in the upper Midwest need region-specific guidelines and information for organic production. During the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons, cultivar and planting date effects on grain yield, oil quantity, and oil quality were studied.


This article discusses the urgency of the problems of intercultural communication in modern conditions. For the direction of scientific research, this problem is new, relevant and, of course, promising. Today, the activities of specialists in this field are developing mainly in the field of cultural activities of international organizations, research on current issues of globalization, work on the study of foreign cultural policy and others.


All the material revised is deposited in the Coleccion Aracnologica of the Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas of the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. The prefix of all the samples analyzed is "FCB-AMYGA"; this is the code used in the collection to label all mygalomorph spider samples excluding those in the family Theraphosidae. The samples were analyzed using an AmScope SM-1TSZ stereomicroscope and photographed using an AmScope MU1603 microscope digital camera. All measurements are given in mm. The map in Fig. 4 was created with http:simplemappr.net. The ribs of the disc of the opisthosoma were counted following the method described by Gertsch & Platnick [1975] and Schwendinger [2005].


The present study was an evaluation of the clinical utility of the Psychotic Depression and Dysthymic subscales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-I; Millon, WX3). It was found that these scales could effectively discriminate 25 patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of affective disorder from 25 patients with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia. Both scales had moderate convergent validity with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Dysthymic subscale was a good predictor of DSM-III-R depression and exhibited sound operating characteristics. In contrast, the Psychotic Depression subscale diagnosed few of the depressed patients correctly and had poor operating characteristics. The Dysthymic subscale also appeared to be measuring a similar construct to that of the Anxiety subscale, and the psychotic subscales (Psychotic Delusions and Psychotic Thinking) were found to be inadequate detectors of schizophrenia. The implications for the future development of MCMI-1 are discussed.


Across industry and government, the predominant response to climate change is to talk of the need for more ecodesign and rapid "innovation for sustainability" or "eco-innovation," with no clarity in how to move from the redesign of existing products and services to systems innovation. The pressure and the opportunity to redirect ecodesign and eco-innovation toward systems change has never been as great. Nations, states, companies, local communities, and not-for-profit organizations are debating and even adopting GHG targets for 25to 50-year timeframes. Like the state of California and many US cities, which have ambitious plans for reducing carbon emissions (diverging strongly from the position of the Bush administration), several Australian states committed to reduction targets during the last year of the previous federal government. They acted in spite of the government's assertive climate skepticism and its strident dismissal of GHG targets as "symbolic actions" likely to destroy the nation's economy. Climate change was one of the top three issues in the 2007 election. For the nation as a whole, there has been a quick transition from the idea that it was necessary to choose between acting to lower carbon emissions or having a buoyant future economy, to a new public position that


Infrared spectra were obtained of CO adsorber on Pd dispersed on four supports: eta-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SiO/sub 2/, SiO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and TiO/sub 2/. All catalysts were characterized by both H/sub 2/ and CO chemisorption which allowed the calculation of the surface coverages of both linearly adsorbed CO, which gives a band above 2000 cm/sup -1/, and the bridged-bonded form, which produces a band below 2000 cm/sup -1/. From these values, integrated absorbances, A, and extinction coefficients, epsilon, have been determined for each adsorbed species on Pd for the first time. For individual catalysts, absorbances and extinction coefficients were always much higher for the bridged-bonded CO than the linearly adsorbed CO, i.e., average values were A/sub b/ = 85 x 10/sup 7/ cm mol/sup -1/, A/sub 1/ = 3.3 x 10/sup 7/ cm mol/sup -1/, epsilon/sub b/ = 4.1 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sup 2/ mol/sup -1/, and epsilon/sub 1/ = 0.36 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sup 2/ mol/sup -1/. Because a specially designed ir reactor cell was utilized, spectra were also taken under steady-state CO hydrogenation reaction conditions to form CH/sub 4/. The Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-, SiO/sub 2/-, and SiO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-supported Pd catalysts still exhibited strong CO bands;more » however, Pd/TiO/sub 2/ wafers exhibiting SMSI (strong metal-support interactions) showed no detectable CO bands although they were the most active catalyst. Using the epsilon values obtained in this study, we estimated the maximum surface coverage on Pd to be less than 1% for the linear species and 0.1% for the bridged species.« less


Delamination is a typical defect of carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Detecting delamination is very important in the performance of laminated composite structures. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods using the latest sensors have been proposed to detect delamination that occurs during the operation of laminated composite structures. However, most sensors used in SHM methods measure data in the contact form and do not provide visual information about delamination. Research into mechanoluminescent sensors (ML) that can address the limitations of existing sensors has been actively conducted for decades. The ML sensor responds to mechanical deformation and emits light proportional to mechanical stimuli, thanks it can provide visual information about changes in the physical quantity of the entire structure. Many researchers focus on detecting cracks in structures and impact damage with the ML sensor. This paper presents a method of detecting the delamination of composites using ML sensors. A Convolutional AutoEncoder (CAE) was used to automatically extract the delamination positions from light emission images, which offers better performance compared to edge detection methods.


In this paper, a new construction of interference-free zero correlation zone (IF-ZCZ) sequence sets is proposed by well designed finite Zak transform lattice tessellation. Each set is characterized by the period of sequences $KM^2$, the set size $K$ and the length of zero correlation zone $M^2-1$, which is optimal with respect to the Tang-Fan-Matsufuji bound. In particular, all sequences in these sets have sparse and highly structured Zak and Fourier spectra, which can decrease the computational complexity of the implementation of the banks of matched filters. Moreover, for the parameters proposed in this paper, the new construction is essentially different from the general construction of optimal IF-ZCZ sequence sets given by Popovic.


POSTOPERATIVE ILEUS Postoperative ileus (POI) is defined as "transient cessation of coordinated bowel motility after surgical intervention, which prevents effective transit of intestinal contents or tolerance of oral intake" (1). A "primary" POI occurs without being caused by postoperative complications. A "secondary" POI occurs due to a postoperative complication such as infection, anastomotic leak, obstruction, etc. (2). Prolonged POI reduces patient satisfaction, delays hospital discharge, and increases the cost of hospital care (3,4). A POI is considered prolonged if it lasts >5 days (5). Earlier data demonstrated that after surgery small bowel motility typically returns in <1 day, gastric motility in 1–2 days and colonic motility in 3–5 days (6). The types of surgery that are most likely to cause POI include major surgeries in the abdomen and pelvis (5) particularly bowel resections (5) and colon surgery (7). However, other types of procedures have also been NUTRITION ISSUES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY, SERIES #90


Male Female Lorazepam is a 3-hydroxy-1.4-benzodiazepine derivative biotransformed in the liver by glucuronide conjugation (Greenblatt 1981). Previous studies of lorazepam kinetics have demonstrated no important alterations in the elderly (Greenblatt et all979; Kraus et al 1978). Since only the free fraction of a drug present in plasma is available for diffusion out of the vascular system to sites of pharmacological activity and metabolic biotransformation, kinetic variables based upon total (free plus bound) concentrations of extensively protein-bound drugs can be influenced by differences in unbound fraction between individuals (KochWeser & Sellers 1976; Greenblatt et al 1980). This study evaluated the effect of age and sex on lorazepam protein binding and the influence of such differences on the outcome of a pharmacokinetic study.


Operation automation, one of the powerful methods to prevent human error in the nuclear power plant, is becoming visible due to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and Big-data analytics. Improved reliability of AI and Big-data is the driving power to force human operator to stand at the out-ofloop. Normal operations in the nuclear power plant are usually highly-automated already. The start-up operation takes a long time, requires frequent communication and comprehensive decision-makings so many unexpected reactor trips caused by human operator has been occurred. As radical automation, automation of every operator task, is infeasible now and partial automation such as automation of some parts of operator tasks is being tried in many research organization, universities and industries. In order to select tasks to be automated, it is critical to figure out the level of operator workload for the startup operational tasks. In this study, operator workload for each task of the start-up procedure was evaluated.


This paper reports our experience in teaching the Microchip 8-bit PIC microcontrollers. The 8-bit Motorola 68HC11 microcontroller has been taught extensively in our introductory microprocessor courses and used in many student design projects in the last twelve years. However, the microcontroller market place has changed considerably in the recent years. Motorola stopped new development for the 68HC11 and introduced the 8bit 68HC908 and the 16-bit HCS12 with the hope that customers will migrate their lowend and high-end applications of the 68HC11 to these microcontrollers, respectively. On the other hand, 8-bit microcontrollers from other vendors also gain significant market share in the last few years. The Microchip 8-bit microcontrollers are among the most popular microcontrollers in use today. In addition to the SPI, USART, timer functions, and A/D converter available in the 68HC11 [6], the PIC microcontrollers from Microchip also provide peripheral functions such as CAN, I2C, and PWM. The controller-areanetwork (CAN) has been widely used in automotive and process control applications. The Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) has been widely used in interfacing peripheral chips to the microcontroller whereas the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) function has been used extensively in motor control. After considering the change in microcontrollers and the technology evolution, we decided to teach the Microchip 8-bit microcontrollers. 1 Several major issues need to be addressed before a new microcontroller can be taught: textbook, demo boards, and development software and hardware tools. We developed tutorials and lecture notes in which both the assembly and C languages are taught. These lecture notes and tutorials are being polished and will be published as a textbook. Three different demo boards have been designed to fit the needs of different environments. The Microchip Integrated Development Environment MPLAB  IDE is being used as the major development software. MPLAB IDE, which is free from Microchip, consists of an assembler, a linker, a simulator, and several device drivers. All three demo boards use the PIC18 microcontrollers with flash program memory and need either a programmer or a resident monitor program to download the user program onto the demo board for execution. The In-Circuit-Debugger (ICD2) from Microchip is available for performing "Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society foe Engineering Education" P ge 991.1 2 this task and also providing the source-level debugging capability. To make the demo board more affordable to the student, we have developed a monitor program to be programmed onto the microcontroller of the demo board. With this demo board, the user can download his/her program onto the demo board and perform in-circuit debugging of his/her program without an ICD2. Introduction We have been teaching the Motorola 8-bit 68HC11 microcontroller in our microprocessor courses for the last twelve years. Motorola stopped all new development of the 68HC11 family for about ten years. The features developed after the late 1980s, including the PWM and interfaces such as CAN, I2C, USB, and LIN, were not included in the 68HC11 family microcontrollers and will not be included in any 68HC11 members because Motorola has shifted its development resources to other microcontroller families such as the 68HC908 and the HCS12. The interconnection capability is important in today's embedded products. The 68HC11 is quite limited in this capability because it provides only the USART and SPI functions. The I2C and USB interfaces are for general-purpose use, whereas the CAN and LIN buses have become popular in automotive, factory automation and process control applications. We felt the need to introduce these subjects to students, but the subjects cannot be experimented by using the 68HC11 microcontroller. Although the choice of the microcontroller taught in a class should not be solely determined by the market dominance, we did feel that learning a microcontroller that is popular in the marketplace will help students' employment opportunities. When the market leader also provides most of the newer features that we like to cover in the course, its adoption offers many benefits. Thus, we decided to teach the Microchip 8-bit microcontrollers to our students. The Microchip PIC Microcontrollers Microchip produces hundreds of different microcontrollers, which are further divided into several families of architectures. The PIC16 and PIC18 are the two major families. The architectures of these two families are similar. Many of their peripheral modules have similar register layouts and functions. However, the PIC18 was designed to remove the limitations embedded in the PIC16 family, improve performance, and simplify the programming of all peripheral functions. 1 The PIC16 Family The PIC16 devices have been well-established in the market and are widely used in the industry and by the hobbyist. New devices of this family continued to be introduced with more memory and newer peripheral features. Among them [1] are General I/O Parallel slave port "Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society foe Engineering Education" P ge 991.2 3 Timers with capture, compare, and pulse-width modulation modules USART, SPI, and I2C modules 10-bit A/D converter Some of the new PIC16 devices are designed to support special interfaces such as the LIN and USB buses. The PIC16 CPU is pipelined and provides 35 instructions. The PIC16 architecture divides the program memory into pages and divides the data memory into banks. The registers of peripheral functions spread into several memory banks. The users are required to keep track of the program memory page and the data memory bank that are in use. Therefore, the assembly language programming has been a frustrating experience for our students. To reduce the frustration of programming for students, we introduced C language programming for the PIC16 family after a brief introduction of assembly programming. C language programming allows students to work on the program logic at a higher level and at the same time be able to manipulate the peripheral registers found in assembly language. The PIC16 family supports only 8KB of program memory space and hence is only suitable for small and simple applications. The freeware PICC-Lite C compiler from Hi-Tech Software was used to compile all the C programs written for the PIC16 family. Because of the architecture of the device, it has been difficult to create a debug monitor for the PIC16 microcontroller. The PIC16 background debugger architecture prevents the use of subroutine calls and returns. Execution of the return instruction takes the processor out of debug mode and back to user mode. The PIC16 has an eight-entry return address stack, which proves to be difficult if not impossible to be shared between the user program and the monitor program. The PIC18 Family The design of the PIC18 microcontroller [2,3,4] has eliminated the need for selecting the active program memory page. The PIC18 program counter and the "call" and "goto" instructions contain as many address bits as are needed to address the complete program memory space. The program is able to jump to any place within the 2-MB memory space, making the program memory paging in the PIC16 family unnecessary. 1 Although the data memory is still divided into banks, the PIC18 microcontroller provides three File Select Registers (FSRs) and the "move from file register to file register (movff)" instruction to provide access to the whole data memory space. All the indirect data memory accesses can be performed without specifying the bank. A special access bank is created, which contains the first 96 bytes of the SRAM (128 bytes for a smaller number of PIC18 devices) and the last 160 bytes of special function registers (128 bytes for a smaller number of the PIC18 devices). The access bank has eliminated the need for data bank switching completely for the special function registers (excluding devices with the CAN module) and for programs using less than 96 bytes (or 128 bytes for some devices) of direct access RAM. "Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society foe Engineering Education" P ge 991.3 4 The PIC18 microcontroller provides a 31-entry return address stack but does not support a user data stack structure directly in the hardware. However, one can implement the data stack using one of the three FSR registers as the stack pointer in software. Data stack is very useful in parameter passing and local variable allocation during the subroutine call. One can also use another FSR register as the frame pointer to facilitate the access to the data in stack. The combination of incoming parameters, saved registers, and local variables is referred to as the stack frame [5, 6]. The PIC18 stack frame is shown in Figure 1. The PIC18 family has many improvements in its implementation of peripheral functions over the PIC16 family. The timer function is one good example. The 8-bit architecture prevents the PIC18 microcontroller to read a 16-bit value in one operation. However, the PIC18 microcontroller will copy the upper byte of a 16-bit timer into a latch when its lower byte is being read. This makes sure that the 16-bit value that the user reads belong together. Some of the PIC18 members improved their PWM function by allowing the user to program a deadband into the PWM output which can then be used to drive an Hbridge easily. The H-bridge is commonly used in motor control circuit. The CAN bus module is also added to a group of PIC18 members. Microchip provides a PIC18 C compiler that is reasonably priced for university use. Several third party software comp


The information of the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) is useful for effective maintenance of a power converter before the failure of a device. Thermo-mechanical stresses are the major cause to the aging of the weak points of the packaging that determines the lifetime of an IGBT module. Traditionally, the RUL of an IGBT module is simply predicted based on the cyclic excursion of the junction temperature and case temperature, which are usually estimated by using a resistor-capacitor circuit thermal model. This method might not correctly predict the lifetime of an IGBT module when the device is operated under complex conditions. This paper proposes a frequency domain analysis method to analyze the aging modes of a device and estimate the temperatures at the weak points under different working conditions. Compared to the traditional method, the proposed method is superior in terms of simplicity and accuracy. The temperatures at the weak points estimated by the proposed method can provide a better RUL prediction.


The registration organs for real estate affairs are so dispersed that they limit the development of economy and influence obligees proper interests. Thus it is necessary to unify them by judical organs.


Falls are fatal for the elderly, and timely detection after falls is crucial. As a contactless device, the radar sensor can monitor users' falls with the advantage of not revealing their privacy. Today, the use of radar for fall detection has made a significant progress. However, most current methods cannot be used in real complex scenes. They usually collect fewer types of actions, and the ratio of the number of nonfall samples to the number of fall samples is small, which is not consistent with the real-life scene. In addition, the classifiers are usually trained and tested on the same environments and the same people, which cannot be easily extended to new environments and new people. We designed a robust fall detection system based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar to solve these issues. The system detects the moment of human movement and calculates the range–velocity map, range–horizontal angle map, and range–vertical angle map of the radar signals, and creates three neural networks for these three signal maps. The stacking method of ensemble learning is used to fuse the time–space–velocity features extracted by the three neural networks to identify falls. The method was trained and tested on a data set consisting of ten scenes, 21 subjects, 52 nonfall action types, and 12 fall action types. The results show that on the test set containing only new environments and new subjects, the recall is 0.983 and the precision is 0.975.


Renal transplantation is increasing, yet there is a paucity of data describing post-operative complications. Therefore, this national audit aims to identify the incidence of early complications that impact patient outcomes.

 We conducted a multicentre, prospective audit of adult deceased donor kidney-only transplants across 14 UK transplant centres between February and September 2022. Data was collected on significant checkpoints pre, intra and post-operatively, assessing for 30-day complication and mortality rates. Data was recorded on RedCap and analysed using descriptive statistics.

 476 kidney-only transplants were recorded, (59 excluded for incomplete/incorrect data). Of 417, 215 were donation after brainstem death (DBD) organs and 202 were donation after circulatory death (DCD) organs. The 30-day mortality was 0.47% (n=2/417). The primary graft function rate was 81%. The 30-day readmission rate was 18%, and median number of readmissions was 1 (IQR: 1-3). Of the readmitted recipients, 92% were readmitted once and 8% were readmitted more than. The 30-day reoperation rate was 12%, and median number of reoperations was 1 (IQR: 1-2), of these, 91% had 1 reoperation and 9% had more than 1 reoperation. Most common indications for reoperations were bleeding 49% (n=25), assessment of graft perfusion 17% (n=9), and wound dehiscence 10% (n=5). We noted a difference in rates of reoperations between DCD and DBD organs, 16% and 9% respectively, however, this was not significant. There was no significant difference in the readmission and mortality rate between DBD and DCD organs.

 The overall early postoperative complication rates and 30-day mortality following deceased donor kidney transplantation are low.


A number of new synthetic nociceptin ligands were studied in receptor binding and functional tests in rat brain membranes and in cloned systems. Ligand binding experiments were performed with three different radioprobes developed in our lab. The nociceptin derivatives exhibited high affinity in competition experiments. Receptor-mediated G-protein activation was determined in [35S]GTPgS binding assays. Among the new structures examined, Ac-RYYRIK-ol was found to be only a weak stimulator by itself, whereas this compound inhibited receptor-mediated G-protein activation. These data suggest that Ac-RYYRIK-ol is a high affinity peptide antagonist for the nociceptin receptor.

Acknowledgements:  Supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA T-035211, T-033078, T-030841, and the Ministry of Education, NKFP 1/027 Hungary.


Introduction The familial financial situation and its perception can be an important factor in the subjective well-being of adolescents, affecting their physical health and psychological state. Objectives To identify the correlation between the perception of the familial financial situation, the physical health and various aspects of the psychological state of adolescents were self-assessed. Methods The study involved 506 adolescents (217 males and 289 females) aged 14 to 18 years (M=16.46; SD=1.07). We analyzed the relationship between participants' assessment of their family's financial situation, its changes over the past three years, and the adolescents' self-report on their physical health, stress experiences, and feelings of happiness. Results Perception of the financial situation (r=0.316;p<0.001) and assessment of its changes (r=0.217;p<0.001) are directly related to the self-assessment of physical health for the entire sample, as well as separately for boys and girls. For the entire sample, there were no links between the perception of the financial situation and the experience of stress and happiness. However, the study of relationships with gender as an independent variable showed that in boys, the financial situation score is associated with feeling happy (r=0.189;p=0.005), and in girls, an inverse relationship was found between the perception of a worsening financial situation and the experience of stress (r=-0.242;p<0.001). Conclusions The perception of the financial situation by adolescents affects the self-assessment of physical health by both boys and girls, but affects different aspects of the psychological state, depending on gender. The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, with the grant 15-18-00109.


The study was undertaken to assess the Physiological stress during Pregnancy induced Hypertension. 30 patients of PIH / Eclampsia attending the antenatal clinic were selected for this study. The following parameters were studied in these subjects; bleeding time, Clotting time and Platelet count. 30 normal pregnant women of same age were selected as control group. The study showed significant decrease in Platelet count. No statistically significant change was seen in Bleeding time and Clotting time.


Public treatment of intimate relationships should interpret them as commitments –relationships of obligations created by open-ended responsive action. Intimate relationships provide care, which makes them potential sites of oppression that affects both the caregiver and the receiver of care. To protect partners from this potential oppression, intimate relationships should be given legal protection. A law guided by the idea of commitment is best suited to guard against the potential for oppression of care relationships, because it pays attention to the unpredictable and particular character of care. I show this by arguing that a law of intimate relationships as commitments would fulfill the two normative aims – gender non-subordination and diversity of relationship forms – that correspond to the forms of oppression that threaten intimate relationships of care.


In this article, we comment on work by Jain and colleagues. They found that there are very few instances of increased anxiety and depression in drug trials for IBD. We believe these rates are likely higher and discuss supporting literature.


Acute lung injury (ALI) associates with loss of lung mitochondrial function. Oxidant damage by mitochondrial H2O2 may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Since the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) determines mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, hence function, we considered the possibility that oxidant‐induced MCU impairment might underlie mitochondrial dysfunction in ALI. To induce ALI, we intra‐nasally instilled lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1mg/kg) or PBS (control). To determine H2O2, we expressed a mitochondrial matrix‐targeted probe, matrix‐roGFP, in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in situ. By alveolar micropuncture we loaded mitochondrial Ca2+ dye, rhod 2, or the lamellar body (LB)‐staining dye LysoTracker Red (LTR). In control lungs, H2O2 fluorescence was 145±7 grey levels in AT2 cells, indicating successful probe expression. In LPS lungs, AT2 mitochondrial H2O2 fluorescence was 75±8 (P<0.05), indicating increased H2O2 generation. Immunoblots in AT2 cell mitochondria show that LPS downregulated MCU. However, LPS‐induced MCU downregulation could be reversed in mice over‐expressing human catalase (hmCAT) in mitochondria of AT2 cells. In addition, hmCAT over‐expressing mice reversed LPS‐induced inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ entry and surfactant secretion in response to a 15s lung hyperinflation. These data are the first direct evidence that lung exposure to LPS causes mitochondrial dysfunction marked by oxidant‐induced loss of MCU. Taken together, our findings indicate that alveolar MCU is a major determinant of ALI. Strategies aimed at restoring alveolar MCU expression might lead to novel therapy for ALI.


In this paper, Parallel Current Mode Control method for Boost DC-DC converter is proposed. The parallel current mode control strategy is composed of two parallel terms: one is voltage term, the other is current term. They are calculated based on the input voltage, reference output voltage, inductor current and reference inductor current. The Parallel Current Mode Control method essentially distinguishes itself from the conventional current mode control method with two regulators, one for voltage regulation and the other for current regulation. Under the conventional Voltage Mode Control method and the new control method, small-signal models of Boost DC-DC converter are derived. The simulation result (based on the transfer functions) using Matlab/Simulink is compared with the simulation result based on the circuit simulation model, using PSIM. Results both in Matlab/Simulink environment and in PSIM environment are in good agreement, confirming the validity of the small-signal model. Both the small-signal analysis and simulation results demonstrate that Parallel Current Mode Control has superior performance as compared with Voltage Mode Control.


Objective The objective of this evaluation was to examine the extent to which participants in the Tailor Made Leisure Package programme experienced any improvement in their health and wellbeing. Design A quantitative survey. Setting The Healthy Living Centre initiative is an example of a community-based intervention which was formalized as part of the British government's health policy. The purpose of this initiative is to reduce inequalities in health and promote good health and wellbeing. The programme was offered by a Healthy Living Centre located in Scotland. Method The benefits of the initiative were investigated through the use of a postal questionnaire which was used to examine the perceived benefits of the Tailor Made Leisure Package programme. This was distributed to a total of 177 people who had applied to take part in the programme during the period February 2004 to February 2005. Results Of the 177 people surveyed 90 returned completed questionnaires giving a response rate of 51 per cent. Of these, 70 people started the programme. Those who started the programme took part in a variety of activities including the gym, GP Referral programme and complementary therapies. The reported benefits were that individuals felt fitter and healthier, they were taking part in additional leisure activities and that they were socializing more frequently. Those participants who had complementary therapy reported a relief of symptoms associated with their particular health condition. All of these benefits are important in the process of improving health and wellbeing. The 20 individuals who did not start their programme reported that personal circumstances, health reasons, transport problems, financial difficulties and the activities/programme being inappropriate were the main reasons for not starting the programme. Conclusion The results of the evaluation suggest that an initiative such as this is worthwhile in promoting positive health and wellbeing.


In critical scenarios nodes switch from low data rate of transmission mode to high data rate. Such scenarios are event driven and traffic is highly dynamic in nature. Latency and reliability issues with Quality of Service (QoS) for such applications in IEEE 802.15.4 have been an issue. The earlier schemes did address them but high data rates and channel error rates resulted in increase in contention for GTS request packets and increased data packet drop rate. In our work, we employed a mechanism to deal with isuues arising out of additional contention caused by prioritized nodes in CAP. We present an enhanced MAC scheme that incorporates two-level service differentiation through Contention Window Differentiation (CWD) and dynamic p-persistent CSMA, for mitigating the issues like lower transmission delays and higher success probability to time-critical messages in high channel error conditions. We evaluate our proposed scheme for varying channel and traffic-load conditions by simulation using Omnet++.The results show that performance in terms of the mentioned issues has improved significantly. Further, the energy decline rate analysis have been done for varying traffic arrival rates and compared with the original IEEE 802.15.4 and found that our scheme has less energy decline rate thus increased network lifetime. c © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of [name organizer]


ABSTRACT During a survey of the diatom flora of Longemer Lake (Xonrupt-Longemer, Vosges, France), two species with an unusual biogeographical distribution were observed. Psammothidium abundans, previously considered being a sub-Antarctic endemic but today also found in rivers in Sweden, Ireland and the UK, and Achnanthidium sublineare, up to now confined to northern Europe, were identified. These are the first records of these rare diatom species in France (A. sublineare) and in a European lake (P. abundans). Since there are only a few illustrations of these two species in the literature, both populations are illustrated using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide a detailed morphological account. Details on their actual biogeographical distribution are added.


In this research, performance of Turbo-Space Time Block Coded and Turbo-Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time coded Multiple Input Multiple Output Wireless Communication System is compared and investigated to find which one is better under which circumstances. The Turbo Encoder accepts binary bits as input and generates turbo encoded bits as output which is sent to 64 QAM modulator. These 64 QAM Modulated symbols are further mapped using Space Time Block Code and Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time code for Turbo-Space Time Block Coded system and Turbo-Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time coded system respectively and then divided into several streams based on number of transmit antennas before transmission. It is found that there is 3 to 22 dB coding gain at 10-5 for using Turbo-STBC instead of using Turbo-VBLAST for 2 or 3 or 4 transmit antennas and 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 receive antennas. On the other hand, at low SNR STBC shows 1-2 b/s/Hz improvement in capacity compare to VBLAST but capacity declines significantly at high SNR for using STBC. It is also observed that VBLAST improves the capacity around 5 to 15 b/s/Hz at high SNR.


A method for the synthesis of room-temperature ferromagnetic dilute semiconductor Ge1-xMnx (5 % < x < 8 %) quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy by selective growth on hydrogen terminated silicon (100) surface is presented. The functionalized substrates, as well as the nanostructures, were characterized in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The quantum dots density and equivalent radius were extracted from field emission scanning electron microscope pictures, obtained ex-situ. Magnetic characterizations were performed by superconducting quantum interference device vibrating sample magnetometry revealing that ferromagnetic order is maintained up to room temperature: two different ferromagnetic phases were identified by the analysis of the field cooled – zero field cooled measurements.


A centenary is often an excuse for reminding people of the life and work of a predecessor, especially if the material is of contemporary relevance. Published 100 years ago, William James' The Varieties of Religious Experience, remains the most revealing investigation into the psychology of religion. James, a nonpracticing MD, turned his thoughts to psychology and philosophy. The book was considered "one of the great books of our time" and in it, James bravely tackled a subject that many then, and perhaps now, considered taboo. James' aim was to study religious experiences as he would any other psychological phenomena, accepting their reality and vulnerability to scientific enquiry. His definition of religion was "the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine." He was concerned with immediate personal experiences, which he considered to be universal to humanity. In his lecture, "Religion and Neurology," he explored the potential psychophysical associations of religious feelings. In order to understand the nature of religious experience, James emphasized the need to study those for whom religion was "an acute fever," and not to dwell long on those whose commerce with the deity was "second hand." The ones to study were the "geniuses of the religious line." However, he warned that they "like many other geniuses that have brought forth fruits effective enough for commemoration in the pages of biography, have often shown symptoms of nervous instability." He pointed out that "insane conditions" have a considerable advantage for studies of this kind because they isolate specific factors of the mental life that become available for investigation. James referred to the fixed ideas, trances, visions, and auditory hallucinations that accompanied states of religiosity as pathological. He noted how such ideas quickly pass into beliefs and actions in the right mind. "When a superior intellect and a psychopathic temperament coalesce...in the same individual, we have the best possible condition for the kind of effective genius that gets into biographical dictionaries." He never developed a neurology of religious experiences, in part because of the rudimentary development of neurology at the time and, perhaps, because he was not a neurologist. Nonetheless, he laid down a framework for such investigations. As James elucidated, the extent of these feelings must be graded, things being more or less divine, states of mind being more or less religious. However, at the extreme, there are descriptions of states of mind or behavior when it is quite clear that the experience reported is religious. For James, a central characteristic of religious thought is the belief that there is an unseen order, a Platonic reality that lies beyond the five senses. "The sentiment of reality can indeed attach itself so strongly to our object of belief that our whole life is polarized through and through, so to speak, by its sense of the existence of the thing believed in, and yet that thing, for purposes of definite description, can hardly be said to be present to our mind..." As for the psychology underlying the religious sentiment, he considered the normal, healthy-minded religious temperament to be one of optimism. It espoused goodness and the eschewal of sin through confession, absolution, and purgation. However, there was another way, which he referred to as "sick soul." The "sick soul" emphasized that evil was an essential part of the self. Such reflections touched on what he referred to as the neurotic constitution, depression, and religious melancholy. James noted how many saints possessed the gift of tears, and he described their moods as "melting" with "exulted affections." In his attempts to understand the psychological developments of the religious mind, James opened up the theme of the heterogenous personality, a fundamental dualism at the heart of human nature. In personal development, the self becomes "straightened out." For example, St. Augustine wrestled with "two wills," one carnal, one spiritual. For him, the resolution emerged, bringing not only relief, but also happiness. James noted that such resolutions could come about suddenly or slowly, and through some altered action, intellectual insight, or mystical conversion. Under his varieties of religious experience, James includes the "mystical." There are several features of this including ineffability, a state of knowledge, transience, and passivity. These brief mystical states have much in common with those methodically cultivated by certain religions. James noted the practices of Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims, and Christians. For example, Yoga, the Hindu's dhyana, characteristically seeks to attain inner detachment from external sensations and verbal descriptions. He suggested the essentially hypnoid nature of this states and refers to links with deja vu phenomena, "dreamy states," and possible epilepsy. It is in the context of the centenary of this illuminating text that contemporary investigations need to be considered. The last decade has seen books and articles devoted to "God in the brain," and, as with the study of other taboo subjects of the past, neuropsychiatrists should be on this trail. Certain disorders are closely associated with hypertrophied religiosity, epilepsy being the most commonly cited. James' observations on the divided self and internal psychological struggles can equally be seen in terms of contemporary neuropsychiatry, with split-brain investigations being one avenue of exploration. His observations on links between mood states and religion deserve further investigation. E33EI


In this paper, the fixed-time outer synchronization of complex networks with noise coupling is investigated. Based on the theory of fixed-time stability and matrix inequalities, sufficient conditions for fixed-time outer synchronization are established and the estimation of the upper bound of the setting time is obtained. The result shows that the setting time can be adjusted to a desired value regardless of the initial states. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results. The effects of control parameters and the density of controlled nodes on the converging time are studied.


Objective To investigate the correlation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with metabolic syndrome (MS) and together of the components in MS patients complicated with CVD and to investigate the effects of interventional therapy on the prevalence of CVD events in vice verga. Methods ①144 MS patients complicated with CVD were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the association of CVD with MS and its components. ② MS patients without CVD were divided into multifactorial interventional treatment group and metformin group, the former group was treated according to the changes of metabolic abnormalities, the patients in the latter group were taken Glucophage 1.5-2.0 g/d in addition. All of them were followed up for an average of 4.6 years. The different effects of intervention on the prevalence of CVD events were assessed. Results ①Multiple variables analysis showed that the risk factors of CVD were MS HOMA-IR and UAERsingle risk factor.②The prevalence of CVD events in multifactorial interventional treatment group was higher than that in metformin group. The ratios of CVD events were 5.1% vs 3.8% three years ago, and 16.5% vs 10.5% three years later. Conclusions MS is the main risk factor in CVD events, showing positive correlation with the number of the metabolic abnormalities. Drug interventions were efficacious in different degrees, but showed better results after additon of metformin, probably due to improvement of the metabolic abnormalities at mutliple levels and achievement in protecting target organs through early and long term application.


3-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID (BAIB) is a non-protein amino acid found in human urine in widely varying concentrations from one person to another. Several studies have demonstrated that this variation is largely under genetic control, with most of the variability being due to differences at a single locus (Harris 1953; Gartler, Firschein and Kraus 1957). The present report is concerned with the question of the mode of action by which the genetic differences lead to the observed variability in urinary BAIB excretion rates. tubular excretors) BAIB block in BAIB, rather a renal responsible for this amino-aciduria, the plasma level of BAIB be elevated in high excretors.


Redox-type memristive devices (ReRAM) based on ultrathin metal/metal oxide/metal stacks are considered as one of the most promising approaches for future high-density non-volatile data storage and beyond-von Neumann architectures, including emerging fields of storage class memory, machine learning and neuromorphic computing (NC) [1]. Fast switching events on time scales of nanoseconds combined with data retention times in the order of ten years are enabled by the nanoscale redox-type reactions in the ReRAM cells that control the addressable resistance states. Stack design and device operation in metal oxide-based valence change mechanism (VCM)-type memristive devices is understood from the perspective of oxygen transfer as well as drift/diffusion processes [2]. The realization of highly dense packed arrays seems feasible due to the inherent potential of the devices for scalability and three-dimensional integration making ReRAM cells interesting as artificial synapses in NC circuits. In the context of neuromorphic computing the accessibility of intermediate resistance states is one of the important requirements [3]. In addition, resistive switching devices with volatile resistance states are of increasing interest for implementation of NC learning rules [4]. Energy-efficient memristive devices for in-memory-computing (IMC) and next generation NC applications must fulfill requirements like compatibility with CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) and three-dimensional fabrication, device scalability, and operation parameters fitting to the design node of the circuitry. Hafnium oxide is one of the most promising materials for CMOS-compatible ReRAM devices. In VCM-type memristive cells, the HfO2 film sandwiched between an inert and a reactive metal electrode acts as the actively switching layer, where the resistance change occurs due to oxygen ion movement between the conductive HfOx filament and the insulating HfO2–x disc region.


In this work one presents a study of the interaction of the electromagnetic waves with caduceus and coniferous leaves in the microwaves lengths, by means of the electrodynamics scattering theory. It begins with a brief explanation of the basic concepts of remote sensing, followed by the study of the dielectric mixture theory in vegetative materials and it finishes with the mathematical development of Helmholtz's Integral equation, which relates the scattered field of the distant zone, with the field induced on a vegetative scatterer.


This paper reveals the correlations between discourse structure and acoustic parameters and presents a method of manipulating discourse prosody in relation to discourse structure to improve the naturalness of synthesis speech. The text material included 1229 passages. The texts were annotated using Rhetorical Structure Theory. Prosody measurements were extracted from the corresponding speech annotation and then the statistic analysis were conducted. The results showed that: 1) segments at higher hierarchical level were preceded with longer pause durations; 2) segments bearing nucleus possessed longer average duration than satellites did. To test if rhetorical structure would benefit synthesized speech prosody, 15 passages were synthesized with discourse features implemented. The evaluation results indicated that the modified synthesis speech excelled the baseline system by 0.1 MOS point, suggesting that implementing prosodic features into synthesized speech would improve overall prosody.


This paper introduces a novel translation technique, driven by modeling fuzzy analogies that capture approximate conformity to parallel transformations between fragments in sentences. We conduct preliminary experiments on English-Japanese translations with a data set of limited size. The results show the potential of using fuzzy analogies for translation, achieving an increase of about 6 BLEU points compared to NMT.


The present invention relates to a railway wheel, wherein a tire unit (11) are fastened to a web plate (10) integrated with a hub with bolts such that the tire unit is coupled to an outer side of the web plate. The web plate is made of a lightweight material, and the tire unit is made of a material with heat resistance and wear resistance. A recess portion is formed on one of the web plate (10) and the tire unit (12) such that the wheel supports lateral force induced by centrifugal force generated when the wheel rolls along a curved rail, a protruding portion arranged on the recess portion is formed on the other, and each of the bolts penetrates through the protruding portion to be horizontally fastened to a side wall of the recess portion, thereby coupling the tire unit to the outside of the web plate. The railway wheel is made up of the web plate made of a lightweight material and the tire unit made of a material with heat resistance and wear resistance, thereby making lightweight the railway wheel. The recess portion is formed on one of the web plate and the tire unit, the protruding portion is formed on the other, and the web plate and the tire unit are coupled to each other by fastening the bolts horizontally so as to increase support stress against lateral pressure induced by centrifugal force generated in the curved section of the track, thereby improving durability and easily replacing the tire unit when the tire unit is worn.


Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is widespread in the world.
The incidence of leptospirosis in Indonesia, especially in Semarang is still quite
high and leptospirosis can cause organ involvement that can increase patient
morbidity.
Purpose: Measuring organ involvement in patients with leptospirosis in the
Hospital Dr. Kariadi and analyze differences in organ involvement in icteric
leptospirosis and anicteric leptospirosis patients.
Methods: This study is a descriptive analytic. Data were taken from the case
record form of clinical research data leptospirosis Hospital Dr. Kariadi. Subjects
were all patients with confirmed leptospirosis, with a total of 84 patients.
Diagnosis is made by MAT. Differences in hepatic involvement, renal, pulmonary
and cardiac were analyzed by Fisher's Exact test, while the difference in
hematologic organ involvement were analyzed by Kolmogorov Smirnof 2 samples.
Results: In patients with icteric leptospirosis, organ involvement is the hepatic
appears most 100%, followed by renal 98.3%, hematologic 74.1%, cardiac
32.8%, and pulmonary 32.8%. In anicteric leptospirosis patients, organ
involvement is the most widely renal 76.9%, followed by hepatic 73.1%,
hematologic 53.8%, pulmonary 23.1% and cardiac 23.1%. There is a difference
between renal and hepatic involvement in patients with icteric and anicteric
leptospirosis (p <0.05). There is no difference between pulmonary, cardiac, and
hematologic involvement in patients with icteric and anicteric leptospirosis (p>
0.05).
Conclusion: There is a difference between kidney and liver involvement in icteric
leptospirosis and anikteric leptospirosis patiens. There is no difference between
pulmonary, cardiac and hematologic involvement in icteric leptospirosis
and anikteric leptospirosis patients.
Keywords: Leptospirosis, organ involvement


Seedlings of Aneurolepidium chinense (Trin.) Kitag. were subjected to stress with 30 kinds of 50 to 350 mmol/L of salt mixture which were composed of NaCl, NaHCO 3,Na 2SO 4,and Na 2CO 3 in various proportion. The results showed that all the responded strains, such as changes in the relative growth rate (RGR), K + and Na + contents, content of proline accumulation, and leave electrolyte leakage rate, were aggravated with the increasing salt concentrations and the proportion of the basic salts. The strain reaction from high pH caused by the basic salt was closely related to salinity. The high pH reaction was weaker when the salinity was lower and became progressively stronger intensely with the increasing salinity. The results indicated that there were actually two stresses, the salt and the alkaline stress in the mixed salt stress. It was reasonable to consider the total salt concentration as the strength value of salt stress and the buffer capacity as the strength value of alkaline stress. When the alkaline stress was weak, the strain effect was mainly associated with the total salt concentration, but the buffer capacity became the dominant factor effecting strain with the increasing alkaline stress.


Since 2008 when IPTV service entered the broadcasting market, the competition among interactive broadcasting media has been growing more and more fierce. To make a market strategy under the harsh competition, this study tried to make an IPTV customer segmentation based on the characteristics of interactive broadcasting media. From previous literature, this study drew five characteristics of interactive broadcasting media : ease of use, two-way communications, active control, variety of content, and economic efficiency. Two-step clustering based on these characteristics identified four customer segments. There were statistically significant differences in the five characteristics among the customer segments. This study profiled the customer segments and proposed competitive strategies for each customer segment.


Headlines of Aug. 21, 1980, announced a newsworthy change in Roman Catholic policy: some married Episcopal clergymen would be allowed to become Catholic priests. Here was a religion story that demanded, and received, front-page play in major metropolitan dailies. It was, ofcourse, a story of interest to the 50 million Catholics and 3 million Episcopalians in the United States. But the story was important for other reasons as well. Catholicism remains a major force in world affairs, and Pope John Paul II has made the fostering of ecumenism one of his major concerns.^ For years, a significant roadblock in Episcopal-Catholic ecumenical dialogue has been the Vatican's hard-line position on the validity of Episcopal ordination vows— an issue central to the Aug. 21 story. ̂ The story also had implications for the Catholic traditions of a celibate priesthood and a males-only priesthood—both already increasingly questioned by some Catholics.^ While newspaper reporters and editors will never again deal with the exact circumstances ofthe Aug. 21 story, it is likely they will continue to cover both ecumenical efforts and developments within the Catholic Church. It might prove instructive, then, to examine the quality of newspaper reporting of the elements—major and minor— ofthe Aug. 21 story. Analyzed here are stories in 16 metropolitan dailies. Of those, 12 were chosen because they are frequently listed among the nation's best:"* New York Times, Washington Post, Detroit Free Press, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, Milwaukee Journal, Louisville Courier-Journal, St. Louis Post Dispatch, Atlanta Constitution, St. Petersburg Times, Miami Herald and Los Angeles Times.


Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of concomitant cryoballoon ablation and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients.

Methods
The retrospective study enrolled the consecutive NVAF patients with high risk of stroke who underwent concomitant cryoballoon ablation and LAAC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2015 to July 2017. Complete closure was attempted for each patient without any peri-device flow. Electrocardiogram (ECG) , dynamic electrocardiogram (DCG) , and esophageal echocardiography (TEE) were performed at regular follow-up to evaluate the safety and efficacy.

Results
A total of 74 patients underwent the cryoballoon ablation combined with LAAC. The male was 42 (56.8%) and female was 32 (43.2%) . The mean age was (70.2±8.1) years. Paroxysmal AF was present in 62 (83.8%) patients and persistent AF ( 3 mm residual leakage. Seventy-three (98.6%) patients discontinued anticoagulants treatment at 3 months follow-up. One patient occurred non-cardiogenic death. One patient occurred ischemic stroke. Two patients occurred major bleeding events. One patient occurred device related thrombus.

Conclusion
The concomitant cryoballoon ablation and complete LAAC are safe and efficacious way for symptomatic NVAF patients with high stroke risk.

Key words:
Atrial fibrillation; Cryoballoon ablation; Left atrial appendage closure; Stroke


Psychosexual therapy can be a valuable addition to the management of male sexual problems. Encouraging men to consult on such issues is another matter, however.


A large number of industrial catalytic and non-catalytic processes employ fluidized beds, and newer and more challenging applications are emerging. Driven by the growth in applications and the challenges they bring, reliable reactor models for fluidized beds are vital for the design, scale-up and optimal operation of these processes. Traditionally, models are often developed with a particular process in mind based on consideration of the operating conditions and flow regime of fluidization, with the range of applicability limited to the cases tested. The complexity is compounded by the existence of distinctly different flow regimes. Considerable uncertainty exists in flow regime transition criteria, and most existing models predict discontinuities at the boundaries, contrary to experimental evidence. In addition, most practically important fluid bed reactors involve complex reactions, sometimes accompanied by significant volume change, with selectivity critical. However, there are few attempts to evaluate reactor model performance using commercial-scale data with selectivity as a criterion. In this research, sponsored by the Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation in Japan, a new generic fluid bed reactor (GFBR) model is developed applicable across the flow regimes most commonly encountered in industrial scale fluid bed reactors: bubbling, turbulent and fast fluidization. The model interpolates between three regime-specific models the generalized two-phase bubbling bed model, dispersed plug flow, and the generalized core-annulus model by probabilistic averaging of hydrodynamic and dispersion variables based on the uncertainty in the flow regime transitions. Predictions of hydrodynamic variables across the three fluidization flow regimes are realistic, while conversion predictions are in good agreement with available experimental data. The probabilistic approach leads to improved predictions of reactor performance compared with any of the three separate models for individual flow regimes, while overcoming the difficulties in predicting the transition boundaries among these flow regimes and avoiding discontinuities at these boundaries. Model predictions of selectivities, yields and conversions for two industrial-scale processes (oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic anhydride and oxy-chlorination of ethylene) are reasonable and compare favourably with available plant data. Ability of the model to aid in simulation experimentation over a wide range of conditions is


CHANGES in American agriculture have had a profound effect on wildlife resources. The decline in abundance of many species is weil documented ( 3 , 4 , 14 ). Wildlife professionals and organizations repeatedly have made suggestions for altering federal agricultural policies, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service cost-share concepts, and tax benefits as means for conserving soil and wildlife resources ( 2 ).

States have responded to habitat losses by promoting a variety of habitat development, restoration, stocking, cost-share, or tax benefit programs. These have met with limited success ( 5 ). Nationally, Congress, through the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977, charged the Soil Conservation Service with maintaining the quality and quantity of soil resources and providing for fish and wildlife habitat.

Under the auspices of RCA, SCS in Missouri redirected personnel and funds to critical soil erosion problem areas. Emphasis was put on applying conservation management practices and trying new approaches to resource conservation on a limited or pilot basis. The Missouri Department of Conservation joined this effort on the basis that (a) fish and wildlife habitat management goals and soil conservation goals are compatible and (b) sound soil and water conservation programs, properly administered at the state and county levels, can …


Frequency-dependent guided wave modes along boreholes in porous formations are studied experimentally. A shock tube technique is applied to measure phase velocities and attenuation coefficients for natural (Berea sandstone) and synthetic porous materials. Quantitative agreement between the experimental results and theoretical predictions based on Biot theory is found for the phase velocity in the frequency range from 1 to 50 kHz. The results in the frequency domain indicate that we are able to excite multiple guided waves in different band of frequencies in the synthetic formation. For the Berea sandstone, a very good resolution of the pseudo-Stoneley wave is achieved at both the time and frequency domain.


viii Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Study of Clause Structure 1 1.1 Characterizing Word Order in Spanish 2 1.2 Theoretical Framework 8 1.3 The Standard Analysis of Spanish Clause Structure 17 1.4 Outline of the dissertation 33 Chapter 2: Lexical Preverbal Subjects: Dislocation and Canonical Patterns 36 2.1 Preverbal Lexical Subjects, EPP and pro-drop languages 37 2.2 Preverbal Subjects in Canonical and Dislocated Positions 41 2.3 Evidence from Scope Interactions 59 2.4 Summary and Conclusions 80 Chapter 3: Non declaratives and Second Position on the Left Edge 81 3.1 The Licensing Requirements of the Left Edge 82 3.2 Raising to the Left Edge: Verb Movement in Spanish 91 3.3 Interrogative Clauses in Modern Spanish 99 3.4 Conclusions 123 Chapter 4: Towards an Analysis of Spanish Declaratives 126 4.1 Typological Considerations on Clausal Typing and Second Position 126 4.2 The Licensing of Declarative c*o 140 4.3 Second Position in Modern Spanish: Declarative Clauses 154 4.4 Assertion Markers and the Affirmative si 175 4.5 Conclusions 187 Chapter 5: Agreement in the Left Periphery and Dislocated Subjects 189 5.1 Agreement and the Comp-Infl Articulation 191 5.2 L-Subjects and Movement to the Lower Left Edge 213 5.3 The Makeup of the Lower Left Edge 228 5.4 Conclusions 242


ABSTRACT Moisture is one of the most important indexes upon which a coal product is graded. The removal of moisture from coal is essential to minimize economic loss, handling, and transportation problems and to maximize the calorific value of coal. Apart from the process water carried over into the mine and mineral processing final product, extra water after rainfall can increase the total moisture in a coal stockpile. The coal moisture content can be adjusted by way of the natural drainage and evaporation. When the rain falls on the stockpile, it either runs off the surface or infiltrates. The infiltrated water can evaporate, drain or stay within the stockpile. To investigate these mechanisms, an experimental large stockpile (9 tonne) was created and shielded from rain and wind. An artificial rain sprinkler system was set up on the top of stockpile to simulate the rainfall. Also, the lab-scale drainage and evaporation tests in surface and different depths were designed to simulate the water movement in a large stockpile. The results showed that the rate of infiltration was independent of the rainfall intensity. In all rainfall conditions, drainage stopped after 2–3 days, but evaporation continued, albeit at a low rate. Evaporation helped to dewatering at rates that relied on temperature, wind and humidity circumstances. The large stockpile bed revealed a cyclic behavior of adsorbing moisture overnight and desorbing the moisture during the day. The lowest section of the stockpile contained the highest moisture and fine particles contents, whereas the outskirts section of the stockpile contained the lowest moisture and fine particles contents. Drainage and coal bed evaporation lab tests were representative of the way by which moisture moved or remained in a large coal stockpile whereas evaporation depth experiments did not accurately represent the depth to which evaporation was occurred within the coal stockpile.


This concluding chapter looks at the National Academy of Public Administration's project in which they made a public call for comments about the "grand challenges of public administration." Specifically, it sought advice on two questions, capitalizing for emphasis: "WHAT government must do over the next decade and HOW it should do it." In other words, the academy wondered what the strategy for governing the United States should be in the coming decade. The field of public administration has been caught out at a critical moment. The problems that will confront the American state in the mid-twenty-first century are no less substantial than those of writer Walter Lippmann's time. Climatic disruption, shifts in the global power balance, demographic changes, technological revolutions, fiscal pressures, infrastructural shortfalls-all of these trends could jeopardize security, order, and citizens' well-being if government does not anticipate the dangers and organize itself properly in response. And people know from experience that it takes years to build agreement on strategy and reconstruct institutions so that they give expression to it. Choices made in the next few years will shape the contours of American public administration for decades to come.


Based on the Fischer-Burmeister NCP function,we get a novel first order necessary condition for SIP,and reformulate the nonsmooth equations as a smooth unconstrained optimization problem.We also give a globally convergent algorithm,Damp-Newton method.Numerical tests suggest that this method not only has simple construction,but also has good numerical effects.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of employee performance in the association between human resource development (HRD) practices and organizational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
An integrated research model was developed by combining principal factors from existing literature. Data were collected through questionnaire from 700 employees of the selected pharmaceutical industries. The validity of the model and hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. The reliability and validity of the dimensions are established through confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings
The results indicate that some HRD practices influence organizational performance through their impact on employee performance. The study further revealed that employee performance mediates the association between HRD practices and organizational performance.

Research limitations/implications
The research was undertaken in the pharmaceutical industry and the analysis is based on cross-sectional data, which cannot be generalized across a broader range of sectors.

Practical implications
The findings of the study have the potential to help policy makers, stakeholders and management of pharmaceutical industries in adopting properly and well-articulated HRD practices to enhance the quality of human capital and create sustainable competitive advantage.

Originality/value
This study extends the literature by adducing evidence empirically that employee performance mediated the association between HRD practices and organizational performance of the pharmaceutical industry in Ghana.


We report the detection of CO(J = 1→0) emission in the strongly lensed high-redshift quasars IRAS F10214+4724 (z = 2.286), the Cloverleaf (z = 2.558), RX J0911+0551 (z = 2.796), SMM J04135+10277 (z = 2.846), and MG 0751+2716 (z = 3.200), using the Expanded Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope. We report lensing-corrected CO(J = 1→0) line luminosities of L′CO = (0.34–18.4) × 1010 K km s−1 pc2 and total molecular gas masses of M(H2) = (0.27–14.7) × 1010 M☉ for the sources in our sample. Based on CO line ratios relative to previously reported observations in J ⩾ 3 rotational transitions and line excitation modeling, we find that the CO(J = 1→0) line strengths in our targets are consistent with single, highly excited gas components with constant brightness temperature up to mid-J levels. We thus do not find any evidence for luminous-extended, low-excitation, low surface brightness molecular gas components. These properties are comparable to those found in z > 4 quasars with existing CO(J = 1→0) observations. These findings stand in contrast to recent CO(J = 1→0) observations of z ≃ 2–4 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), which have lower CO excitation and show evidence for multiple excitation components, including some low-excitation gas. These findings are consistent with the picture that gas-rich quasars and SMGs represent different stages in the early evolution of massive galaxies.


In a murine model for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, we used chimerism analysis to demonstrate that durable engraftment of donor-type hematopoietic cells following conditioning with 8Gy Total Body Irradiation was enhanced by additional treatment of the host with a myeloablative drug, Thiotepa or Busulphan and to compare to the activity of cyclophosphamide


This study aims to determine the environmental impact and natural damage from the production activities of the industrial sector grouping the areas of Ngoro District, Mojokerto Regency for public health in managing environmental cases of alleged waste pollution and natural damage in Mojokerto Regency. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach through observational data collection techniques and also uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. According to (Kitchenham & Charter, 2007) SLR is the process of identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all research evidence to answer certain research questions. The results showed that grouping industrial production activities had an impact on the provision of jobs and also infrastructure development in Ngoro Subdistrict and also had an impact on the environment such as waste that was disposed of polluting the watershed and causing fish to die due to contamination of the waste content and polluted residents' well water. In handling these impacts, it is expected that industrial companies in Ngoro can carry out routine monitoring and evaluation activities to see developments in environmental and community conditions, in this case the implementation of policies related to handling the impacts of industrial production activities carried out by companies for public health, especially around Ngoro District, Mojokerto Regency.


We report the utilization of microfluidic technology to phage selection and demonstrate that accurate control of washing stringency in our microfluidic magnetic separator (MMS) directly impacts the diversity of isolated peptide sequences. Reproducible generation of magnetic and fluidic forces allows controlled washing conditions that enable rapid convergence of selected peptide sequences. These findings may provide a foundation for the development of automated microsystems for rapid in vitro directed evolution of affinity reagents.


Iron intoxication can occur accidentally in children or intentionally by adults as a suicide attempt. Serious iron toxicity depends upon the amount of elemental iron ingested, the peak serum iron concentration measured before 6 hours after ingestion, and the presence of clinical manifestations of toxicity. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate that the clinical manifestations may be not related to the amount of elemental iron ingested and that oral iron chelator can be used as an antidote for an iron poisoning.


The syntactic and prosodic properties of particles and prepositions vary within the group of the Scandinavian languages in ways that offer a testing ground for the Prosodic Spotlight Hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that elements that are made perceptually prominent by virtue of prosodic traits (stress, pitch, duration, rythmic patterns etc) will be focussed on earlier in language development than elements not so spotlighted. The paper discusses evidence from Danish, Icelandic and Swedish child language deve~ lopment. INTRODUCTION The world's languages all employ pitch, duration, and some kind of rhythm in their individual prosodic systems. These tonal and temporal characteristics not only give shape to utterance contours, and perform discourscelated functions, they also interact with grammar in ways that may have interesting consequences for both processing by adult speakers and learning by children. The specific kinds of interrelations between prosodic features on the one hand and aspects of lexical and grammatical structure on the other, vary a good deal across languages, however. In an earlier study [11] two of us (Peters and Stromqvist) explored the idea that the prosodic patterning characteristic of a par. ticular language can indeed serve to draw the attention of language learners to the presence of certain elements of the linguistic system Dept. of Linguistics, University of Hawai'i, Hrafnhildur Ragnarsddtfir University College of Education, Reykjavik,


The invention provides a knife switch state detection blocking method which comprises a step of fixing two knife switch state detectors to the upper surface of a knife switch structure box, a step of installing a blocking device on a knife switch rotation shaft above the knife switch structure box such that the blocking device rotates with the rotation of the knife switch rotation shaft, wherein when one knife switch state detector is blocked by the blocking device, when the knife switch rotation shaft rotates to one side rotation limit position, one knife switch state detector is blocked, and when the knife switch rotation shaft rotates to the other side rotation limit position, the other knife switch state detector is blocked by the blocking device. The method is simple to operate, since the knife switch state detectors are fixedly installed to the upper surface of a knife switch structure box, the dislocation and movement of the knife switch state detectors are avoided, the blocking accuracy is improved, even a blocking failure appears, an operator can distinguish the two knife switch state detectors with the help of memory, the judgment ability of the operator is improved, the blocking device of the invention is fixed to the knife switch rotation shaft, the installation is stable and reliable, and the possibility of bending and looseness is little.