The article presents three main groups of methods for forecasting the financial situation, which are used for practical purposes by Russian and foreign businesses alike. Deterministic methods postulate functional or fixed deterministic connections, with each value of factorial attribute corresponding to a specific non-random value of resulting attribute. Stochastic methods postulate probabilistic nature of both the forecast and the connection between the parameters under investigation. The Delphi method provides for a multi-stage survey of experts using special schemes to enable forecasting of financial indicators. The forecast values of major items in the balance sheet and profit and loss statement obtained on the basis of the methods presented can be used to estimate the future financial health of a business entity.


ABSTRACT Despite the current moratorium, shale gas has been posited by the United Kingdom's government as an important indigenous source of natural gas, a result of heightened concerns over national energy security and dwindling conventional fossil fuel reserves. Although several petroleum development licenses were awarded in the Vale of Pickering area of North Yorkshire in 2015, little research exists at the nexus of social and natural sciences on shale gas developments, particularly on potential risks to communities and the environment in the UK. This study uses the concept of energy justice and an interdisciplinary spatial assessment of potential environmental risks arising from shale gas developments, to evaluate where injustices may emerge, using the Vale of Pickering as a case study. A novel methodology was used to model a possible scenario of shale gas developments, including the spatial dimensions of air and water pollution, seismicity and traffic flows, which were combined to generate an overall environmental risk assessment. This was analysed with a metric of socio-economic vulnerability, to highlight social groups which may be disproportionately at risk from fracking. Overall, modelled proximity-based risk under this scenario did not disproportionately increase in areas with higher populations of socio-economically vulnerable groups, however potential areas for other forms of energy injustices to emerge, such as benefit-sharing injustice were found. This study offers a holistic method for identifying and understanding the local socio-environmental justice dimensions of national energy projects, such as shale gas developments, considerations which can be integrated into future planning processes.


In the edge region of magnetised fusion experiments hitherto mainly cold probes were used in order to determine the plasma potential and thereby parameters like electric field turbulence. However, this method causes problems when the electron temperature varies and when the electrons are drifting. We have therefore used electron‐emissive probes in (i) the tokamak ISTTOK in Lisbon, Portugal, (ii) the CASTOR tokamak in Prague, Czech Republic, and (iii) the TJ‐II stellarator in Madrid, Spain. Our method has the advantage that in principle the electron emission current compensates temperature variations and electron drifts. We discuss the applicability, the advantages and the limits of emissive probes for measurements of the plasma potential and the electric field, taking into account especially the effect of a space charge around the probe wire, formed by the emitted electrons.


According to the training objectives' vocational colleges should build vocational college English curriculum system to mainly develop students'application ability, reduce public basic English properly,offer various selective courses to meet the needs of professional positions and the students;offer practical language training courses to train students'listening,speaking,reading,writing and translation;offer skill platform courses integrated with basic English and workplace English to train students' ability in solving work problems;develop hidden courses to create an atmosphere for students to use English;reform the means of evaluation,and get rid of the influence of exams. So,students can practise English by themselves step by step and improve their application ability in the course of study.


Objective To determine the main chemical composition of Furong plums in Yongtai, Fujian Province. Methods The extracted mixture from the different parts of Furong plums in the different solvent (solvent water, ethanol and petroleum ether) were analyzed by the law of test tube and TLC, precipitation reaction or color reaction. Results Furong plums contained the constituents of flavones, polysaccharide, organic acid, phenonlic compounds, etc.. Conclusion Analyzing the site of antioxidant activity of Furong plums could provide experimental base for its development and utilization in Fujian Province.


To understand a phonon kink in the (110) LA phonon dispersion near $q\ensuremath{\sim}(0.09,0.09,0){q}_{\mathrm{ZB}}$ in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$Sn discovered recently by Axe and Shirane, a computer calculation has been done on a model of vacancies in a soft lattice. The model consists of a two-dimensional square lattice with a vacancy concentration of 1% arranged periodically. The interatomic forces are arranged so that part of the phonon modes of the perfect lattice are unstable. The atoms around the vacancies are allowed to relax and the phonon frequencies of the resulting system are calculated. We found that (i) the distortion around the vacancy can break the symmetry of the crystal, and (ii) the small-$q$ portion of the phonon spectrum consists of two flat portions with different slopes joined smoothly to each other.


Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging networking paradigm that separates the network control plane from the data forwarding plane with the promise to dramatically improve network resource utilization, simplify network management, reduce operating cost, and promote innovation and evolution. Although traffic engineering techniques have been widely exploited in the past and current data networks, such as ATM networks and IP/ MPLS networks, to optimize the performance of communication networks by dynamically analyzing, predicting, and regulating the behaviour of the transmitted data; the new features of SDN require new traffic engineering techniques that exploit the global network view, status, and flow patterns/characteristics available for better traffic control and management. In this project we develop a new TE management tool called TECS-SENNA, i.e., a traffic engineering control system for SDN/OpenFlow networks in order to provide a dynamically and globally optimized network resource allocation in such a way that the overall performance can be improved, including throughput, latency, stability, and load balancing, while satisfying the per-flow QoS requirements.


. Funding for
this research was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation, the National Science Foundation (OCE-
1005388 and OCE-1031783), and a NOAA NERRS Graduate
Research Fellowship (Estuarine Reserves Division, Office
of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to C.A.H.


treatment, with the husband's consent presumed unless proved otherwise; provision of "basic information about the donor's ethnic origin and genetic health" to children of AID and egg or embryo donation procedures; limitation on storage of embryos to no longer than ten years with no legal right of ownership in the human embryos; various provisions about the use, disposal, and rights of succession (none) of stored embryos when the father dies before transfer to the mother; and the outlawing of transfer of a human embryo into the uterus of another species for gestation. The government's consultation paper invites comment on all these proposals as well as further comments on the more con


Co-robots, i.e. robots that work close to people, will need to account for the preferences and expectations of their human co-workers in executing trajectories or actions. Consistent, legible and predictable trajectories are a key factor in making humans comfortable around robots. In this work, we take a data-driven approach towards designing robot trajectories that are more acceptable to human co-workers and observers. We use an online survey to ask people to rate multiple robot trajectories generated in a variety of environments. We compute a large set of features for each trajectory, also taking into account environment information. We use a combination of the features and the survey ratings to learn a classifier that predicts the rating for a new trajectory based on the learned human-observer preferences. The classifier also helps identify and highlight the most important features that influence people's ratings of the trajectories. Finally, we discuss how a data-driven approach using the results of this analysis can be used to help design better trajectories that are more acceptable to people.


In an earlier paper, 1 four cases of sacro-iliac fusion by a new method were reported. Since then, this operation has been performed in five additional cases. It is my purpose in this paper to discuss briefly the indications for operation; to call attention to a new diagnostic maneuver of value in differentiating between lumbosacral and sacro-iliac lesions; to describe the operative technic more fully, and to summarize the results. Even on casual comparison with the other major weight-bearing joints, it becomes apparent that mechanically the sacro-iliac joint is relatively weak, its integrity depending largely on ligamentous and muscular support. This has been recognized so generally since the studies of Goldthwaite and Osgood 2 in 1905 that no further comment is necessary. In both tuberculosis and persistent strain, fixation by appliance would be indicated if this could be efficiently made. There is, however, no form of brace or support which


For the ETL process, this paper designs a provenance tool based on inversible transformation, and describes the meta-information of ETL and data provenance process in two ways: one is to take the database two-dimensional table to describe the relevant information in logical level, easy to record; the other is the use of PROV model information on the xml description, and shows the ETL and the provenance process in the directed acyclic graph, easy to understand.


Designs a management system of evaluation and process-paper management of power fittings by bar code.The system can classify encoding for power station fittings automatically based on the power industrial standards(DL-511-93).It can also transform between character code and bar code automatically.By scanning bar code,accurate evaluation and corresponding process-paper can be produced.The system is novel and applied.


Indonesia's Corruption Perceptions Index score in 2020 is a reflection of public perceptionsthat were the object of the survey during 2020. Data released by Transparency InternationalIndonesia in January 2021 placed Indonesia with a GPA score of 37/100, down 3 points from2019 which was 40/100. From the various aspects surveyed, some have decreased and somehave stagnated. World Justice Project-Rule Of Law Index, which is an indicator thatmeasures public authority in the executive, legislative, and police/military (Suyatmiko(2021) is a score that has increased. Indonesia's corruption perception index score 2020 andhow the contribution of the Military Police contributes to boost the score Indonesian GPAfor the honor and honor of the nation in the eyes of the international community Serviceactivities will be held on December 28, 2021 at the Denpom IV/2 Yogyakarta HeadquartersJalan Magelang KM 5.5 Mlati, Sleman, DIY. Participants in this activity are 20 (twenty)members of Denpom IV /2 Yogyakarta from the enlisted, non-commissioned, to officer levels.However, 19 participants followed through to the end of the evaluation and evaluationactivities using the lecture and discussion method. It was found that 53% of participantsreally understood the material on the Indonesian Corruption Perception Index, as many as37% quite understood and do not understand 10%. Participants are also able to helpunderstand as members of the Military Police to improve their p increase in GPA scores fromcarrying out main tasks and as a member of the Police.


Objective To explore the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance in man. Methods 70 normal people were selected as reference group,30 people with higher insulin as insulin resistance group,and 30 people with both higher globulin and higher insulin as diabetes group. The serum SHBG levels in all groups were determined by CLIA. Results The serum SHBG levels in insulin resistance group and diabetes group were decreases incredibly compared with control group(P 0. 05). The serum SHBG levels in control group was negatively correlated with insulin level(r =- 3. 46,P 0. 05). The serum SHBG levels in insulin resistance group and diabetes group did not regularly change as the growing of insulin concentration. Conclusion The serum SHBG in man is related with insulin levels. The lower serum SHBG level might be regarded as the risk signal of insulin resistance and diabetes,and help to diagnosis of these two diseases.


To emphasize the importance of human development of psihcomotricity we proposed creating unite development program (physical, mental) and prevention of deficiencies. As a case study of preschool children were chosen "mass" in order to improve psychomotor education methods in accordance with new laws and requirements of primary education .


of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid (A ) in cerebral cortical and meningeal blood vessels (Kawai M. et al., 1993), inducing degeneration of vascular cells. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) [E.C. 220.127.116.11] is present in vascular cells and in plasma. It metabolizes primary amines (Lyles GA., 1996) generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ammonia (NH3) and the corresponding aldehyde, that contribute to the oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-product generation (GubisneHaberle D. et al., 2004), and beta amyloid aggregation (Chen K. et al., 2006). Furthermore in endothelial cells, SSAO is induced under inflammatory conditions (Smith D.J. et. al., 1998). We have reported that SSAO is overexpressed in cerebrovascular tissue of patients with CAA-AD, and that it colocalizes with beta-amyloid deposits (Ferrer I. et al., 2002). This over-expression correlates with high SSAO activity in plasma of severe AD patients (del Mar Hernandez M. et al., 2005). We have also described that plasma SSAO is able to induce apoptosis in vascular cells (Hernandez M. et.al., 2006). The aim of this work is to demonstrate whether A is able to induce SSAO overexpression in HUVEC cells as vascular cell type. Methods: Because of the SSAO/ VAP-1 expression fenotype is lost in cultured cells, HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cells, were stably transfected with vector pcDNA 3.1 containing hVAP-1/SSAO. Cells were treated with A 1-40 Dutch type (mutation E22Q) and/or Methylamine as SSAO substrate. Cell viability, SSAO activity and its expression were determined using specific antibodies against SSAO. Results: Herein we report that A 1-40 E22Q induces the SSAO activity and expression in HUVEC cells. This increasing activity promotes oxidative stress that enhances the toxicity generated by A alone. This toxicity is reverted by specific SSAO inhibitors, confirming SSAO as the responsible of such effect. Conclusions: These results allow us to postulate that deposits of A in cerebrovascular tissue, induce SSAO expression that may contribute to the vascular damage associated to CAA-AD.


A beam is a slender structural member subjected to lateral loads. In this chapter we consider the bending stresses (i.e., normal stresses) in beams having initially straight longitudinal axes, such as the cantilever beam of Figure 5.1(a). For reference, we direct the positive x axis to the right along the longitudinal axis of the beam and the positive y axis downward (because the deflections of most beams are downward). The z axis, which is not shown in the figure, is directed away from the viewer, so that the three axes form a right-handed coordinate system. All cross-sections of the beam are assumed to be symmetric about the xy plane, and all loads are assumed to act in this plane. Consequently, the beam will deflect in this same plane [Figure 5.1(b)], which is called the plane of bending . Pure bending refers to bending of a beam under a constant bending moment M, which means that the shear force V is zero (because V = dM/dx ). Nonuniform bending refers to bending in the presence of shear forces, in which case the bending moment varies along the axis of the beam. The sign convention for bending moments is shown in Figure 5.2; note that positive bending moment produces tension in the lower part of the beam and compression in the upper part. The stresses and strains in a beam are directly related to the curvature k of the deflection curve. Because the x axis is positive to the right and the y axis is positive downward, the curvature is positive when the beam is bent concave downward and negative when the beam is bent concave upward (Figure 5.2).


This manuscript concerns the investigation of a shallow firn core drilled in East Antarctica to address the behavior of Br at a low snow accumulation site, evaluating its resistance to post-depositional processes. The manuscript is well written and clear and provides important novelties in the field of halogen glaciochemistry and in the direction of the development of new proxies to reconstruct first year sea ice extension in Antarctica. I am not an expert in photochemistry so I can't really comment on the part dedicated to the different contributions of the sources for the hydroxyl radical in inner East Antarctica, but from what I see the authors made a nice job trying to take into consideration all the relevant aspects and hypotheses. My only real concern is about the importance given to the discussion that tries to link Br records and volcanic activities.


The influence of investigated surfactants under conditional name E1, E2 and Т4 on asphalt concrete properties is considered. The possibility of water resistance regulation of asphalt concrete by additives of these surfactants has been shown.


The University has always been challenged to meet the social expectations and demands of their time. The paper presents preliminary results of doctoral research, based on the method of international comparison between Brazil, Spain and Mozambique utilizing, at this early stage of research, secondary sources of information. Countries to be studied in the thesis, Spain exceeds 27% unemployment, Brazil is touted as a model that could resolve the crises, although the huge glaring inequality between social classes, resulting in the emergence of a strong expansion plan and popularization of university education as a possibility to reduce the long-term situation of inequality; Mozambique virtuous struggle for an insertion in the international economy seeking to expand their productive activity and, therefore, strengthens its university and scientific production. The objective of the study is to evaluate, in these regions, the role of university libraries at the moment. Countries that are experiencing a critical economic and political moment - each with its own peculiarities. This paper analyzes and compares the observed national policies, seeking to investigate the following aspects: social and political role of the public university to output crises; role of university library, in this particular situation, and finally, the existence of fostering national initiatives and / or regional view of the relationship with the global. Keywords Comparative study. Crises. University Library.


The key features and advantages of ZigBee are introduced and the problems in AMR(Automatic Meter Reading) technology are analyzed.ZigBee technology is used in AMR system,and the wireless network AMR system design solution is proposed.The design solution is set up on PICDEMZ board and can configure wireless Ad Hoc Mesh network and implement wireless AMR,ZigBee technology enhances the flexibility and the practicality of AMR system.


Whether elementary visual hallucinations, blindness, or both followed by headache -- a relatively rare, distinctive syndrome -- is migraine or seizure has long puzzled neurologists. In this prospective study, nine patients with idiopathic occipital epilepsy with visual hallucinations (IOEVH) were selected for detailed analysis from a series of 1,360 patients with epilepsy and 63 with occipital seizures.

In all …


Quality and security are major concerns in largescale software development. The early prediction of defective modules is becoming an important aspect in large-scale software systems to minimize resources spent (i.e., effort, time, etc.) to increase quality and security, and to reduce the overall cost of software production. This paper investigates different types of Software Defect Prediction Models and their evolution over time to assist researchers and practitioners in better understanding their maturity and help them in identifying the ones that best suite their needs since no model is able to perform well in any conditions. we have identified 11 different types of defect prediction models and we have investigated how those groups evolved over time. Among the 11 types of identified models, the Within-Project Defect Prediction Model is the most popular type of model from 1990 to 2019.


Apparent joinder of criminal offenses is a legal institute which deviates from the actual or real joinder. It deals with legal situations where one or more criminal acts constitute the substance of several criminal offenses but, for legal and technical reasons, only one criminal offense is considered to have been committed. Following the division of a joinder into ideal and real, where one or several acts of criminal offenses have been taken as a criterion, the apparent joinder is also divided into ideal and real. This practically means that the offender had committed one criminal offense with one criminal act (an apparent ideal joinder) or several acts (an apparent real joinder), regardless whether his/her act or acts constitute the substance of several criminal offenses. Considering the fact that a legal institution of apparent joinder includes an entire catalogue of various legal situations, our legislator stipulates several forms of the apparent ideal as well as the apparent real joinder. They contain modalities of actions constituting the substance of several various criminal offenses. In a criminal theory, the issue of the apparent ideal joinder has occupied the attention of a large number of authors. They have shown an interest in expanding the catalogue of legally defined forms of the apparent joinder of criminal offenses. As a consequence, we have a significantly higher number of forms of the apparent joinder in comparison with the legal framework being used to regulate this institution in our criminal legislature. Therefore, apart from a legal designation, it is necessary to indicate a theoretical designation of both the apparent ideal and apparent real joinders of criminal offenses.


Based on the basic principles of bacterial foraging algorithm(BFA),an improved bacterial foraging algorithm(IBFA) was proposed,which combined with heuristic algorithm,and was applied to optimal design of frame structures.The weight optimization design of discrete variable was carried out on a one-bay eight-floor frame structure and a two-bay five-floor frame structure using this algorithm.The calculation results were compared with those of BFA.The optimal results show that the improved bacterial foraging algorithm has better convergence velocity and accuracy,and can be applied to optimal design of engineering structures.


This guide features the STEM e-kits in the CECH Library that can be checked out. STEM e-kits are curriculum materials that contain a digital and/or physical components.


Personal Making this website is a web application which contains information from the author which contains four inter-connecting links page is a profile, contact us, service and portfolio.wheres the relationship between elements within mixed use structure that provides easy navigation of settings and keinteraktifannya the effect of a specific user. In the making of this website is expected to assist users in finding information on web pages about the author. The author seeks a website shows the benefits of using the authors own personal website, and trying to make user to see what can be done in website these authors. While making the user feel satisfied with the information given.


The Andalusian State (711-1492) in Iberian Peninsula quickly lost its power during the Muluku't-Tavaif era (1031-1090) as the balance of power between the Andalusians and the Spaniards who started changing against the Andalusians. al-Mu'temid, the Abbadid Dynasty's leader and his wife al- I'timad er-Rumeykiyye and Ibn Ammar lived a life ordered from paradise in the Abbadids' fairytale palace, enjoyed earthly pleasures without a thought for the course of events in Andalusia. However, during the nights witnessing the most impressive poetry of the world, the waters of the Vadilkebir (Guadalquivir) river in Ishbiliye (Sevilla) slept. There is one uncontroversial characteristic reported in almost all sources for Ibn Ammar: "The greatest of Andalusian statesmen and poet of the Muluku't-tavaif era." He was a very successful, even gifted, politician, a victorious commander, a great poet, an incomparable debater, an effective communicator and an efficient problem solver. Furthermore, he travelled constantly searching for perfection, and his nature was such that he took the men of art and literature he met under his protection. Due to these characteristics, his fame surpassed the boundaries of Andalusia, and even the Christian kings knew him well. Moreover, Alphonso VI, the King of Castillo, whenever Ibn Ammar was mentioned in his presence, would say, "He is a man of this peninsula". However, next to all these positive attributes, the vizier had some negative ones, as well: In addition to being an aggressive politician who always had to have the upper hand, his weak feelings of loyalty and fealty, his opportunist behaviour due to his greed for rank and power, his justification of all means to achieve his end, even to the extent of being considered a 'traitor', his penchant for drinking and debauchery and displaying behaviour unfitting to his position, his weakness for young boys, taking them under his protection and writing poems for them.


We present a novel method for blind image restoration which is a multidimensional extension of an approach used successfully for audio restoration. A nonstationary image model is used to increase reliability of blur estimates. This source model consists of a separate autoregressive model in each region of the image. A hierarchical Bayesian model for the observations is used, and a maximum marginalised a posteriori (MMAP) blur estimate is obtained by optimising the resulting probability density function


Objective
To study the effects of neonatal bilateral and unilateral early sucking on the secretion time and the amount of colostrum.

Methods
A total of 300 cases with normal full-term delivery and nipple condition were selected and randomly divided into two groups: bilateral early sucking group and unilateral early sucking group. Women in the two groups were assisted by a midwife within 1 h after birth to implement early suction, with women of bilateral early sucking receiving breast sucking 15 minutes on each side and unilateral early sucking group 30 minutes just on one side. Maternal lactation′s initiating time and amount of lactation of two groups after postpartum 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours were analyzed.

Results
There was no difference of lactation initiating time in bilateral early sucking group and unilateral early sucking group (P>0.05). After 6 hours, lactation in the 2 groups had no difference (P>0.05). After 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours, number of women with sufficient lactation in bilateral early sucking group was greater than unilateral early sucking group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Bilateral early sucking is more favorable than unilateral early sucking postpartum for lactation amount.

Key words:
Breastfeeding; Early sucking; Colostrum secretion time; Lactation amount; Bilateral; Unilateral


No matter how the auto IC industry evolves with the standards organizations and consortiums, the semiconductor suppliers must still meet the zero-defect quality requirement imposed by the automotive industry.


This paper presents a design optimization of a concrete beam subjected to blast loading due to nuclear explosion. It focuses on sizing optimization problem of a concrete beam having elastic foundation and fixed ends. In the formulation of the optimization problem, the objective function is to minimize the maximum existing displacement. The design variables of the optimization problem are the depths of the concrete beam. The constraints are the concrete beam mass, the derivative of the depth and the plastic strain. A MATLAB code has been developed to obtain the pressure time history. This code is linked to the finite element software ANSYS to determine the displacement time history , strains, stresses and the best cross section shape of the concrete beam.


We propose transformation of a parity-check matrix of any low-density parity-check code. A code with transformed parity-check matrix is an equivalent of a code with the original parity-check matrix. For the binary erasure channel, performance of a message-passing algorithm with a transformed parity-check matrix is better than that with the original matrix.


Numerous and diverse hypotheses have been offered to explain the mechanism involved in the production of arsphenamine dermatitis. The more intensively one reviews the literature the more confused the problem becomes. It is impossible, therefore, to give a satisfactory short summary as an introduction to this paper. Excellent reviews of such theories have been given recently by Franklin, 1 Bernstein, 2 Stokes, 3 Raiziss 4 and many others. A few of the outstanding theories should be mentioned, however, because of the causal suggestions they offer in the field of therapy. According to Moore and his co-workers, 5 it is now generally believed that postarsphenamine dermatitis is the result of direct sensitization to arsphenamine, to the products of its metabolism or to a state of general allergic instability or to a hypersensitiveness not necessarily absolutely specific for arsphenamine. This theory has been materially strengthened by experimentation on animals and the clinical


Copper naphthenate (CuNap) is a historically proven, commercially produced and industry utilized preservative for many wooden commodities including poles, fence posts, lumber, timber and wood shakes/shingles. Historically, most wood preservatives are tested using the sapwood of softwood species like pine (Pinus spp.) and or Douglas-fir (Psuedosuga menzizii) and even though the railroads of the world have commercially utilized hardwoods for their load carrying capacities, not many preservative evaluations are performed on hardwood species. This paper examines the efficacy of CuNap in hardwoods. Previously unpublished data on copper naphthenate-treated hardwoods comparing to P2 creosote in a high hazard test site are given as well as the recent results from the timber bridge testing program where CuNap is being evaluated in seven hardwood species plus southern pine. The test data presented in this paper support the potential commercial uses of CuNap to treat hardwoods and provide good to excellent service life for those treated members.


Abstract The annual distribution and dispersal of early‐stage phyllosoma of the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus were examined in the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan off western Japan. Early‐stage larvae were sampled mainly in summer and relatively near the coast off western Kyusyu Island. Few larvae were found in the other three seasons in the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan. This finding suggests that P. japonicus larvae are retained in coastal areas for a few months after hatching until stage V and are transported offshore until autumn, before they grow to stage VI. Examination of archival drifter data off western Kyusyu Island during the spawning season of P. japonicus supported the relatively rapid dispersal of the larvae from the East China Sea near Japan to the Pacific Ocean or the Sea of Japan. Larval transport from the East China Sea to the Pacific Ocean, which is considered to be a main distribution area of middle‐ and late‐stage larvae, would occur in the south at approximately 32–33°N in the East China Sea near western Kyusyu Island.


Seventy-seven anglophone medical school graduates are without a residency position following the first round of the 2005 residency match, underlining the need for more positions, says the Canadian Federation of Medical Students.

Many of these students will go to the US or other countries, "rather


In this paper I wish to argue that counterfactual analyses of causation are inadequate. I believe the counterfactuals that are involved in counterfactual analyses of causation are often false, and thus the theories do not provide an adequate account of causation. This is demonstrated by the presentation of a counterexample to the counterfactual analyses of causation. I then present a unified theory of causation that is based upon probability and counterfactuals. This theory accounts for both deterministic and indeterministic causation, and is not subject to many of the traditional problems facing theories of causation.


The radiowave propagation through hollow clay brick walls, which are common in southern European construction, is analyzed. The brick walls have thicknesses of 11, 15, and 20 cm, common in both interior and exterior walls, and are bound with a portland cement, water, and sand mixture. For each brick dimension, three prototypes were assembled, varying in the type of wall finish, i.e., exposed brick, smooth painted plaster, and rough painted plaster. A 10 cm concrete wall was also included for comparison purposes. Penetration loss metrics were evaluated in an anechoic chamber at frequencies ranging from 680 MHz to 10 GHz. Results demonstrate that the brick wall internal heterogeneity, as well as the type of finish, significantly influences the propagation phenomena and thus the frequency response of the walls, with relatively high penetration losses observed at some relevant commercial frequency bands. Finally, an alternative brick design, with reduced penetration losses, is also proposed and evaluated under simulation environment only.


The overall purpose of this paper (including Part I, in this issue) is the prediction of the ultimate electrical high-frequency performance potential for SiGeC heterojunction bipolar transistors under the constraints of practical applications. This goal is achieved by utilizing most advanced device simulation tools with parameters calibrated to existing experimental results. This Part I outlines the overall scaling procedure and then focuses on the vertically scaled structure. According to isothermal device simulation, the "ultimate" doping profile yields a peak transit frequency fT of almost 1.5 THz, a BVCEO above 1 V (dependent on BE bias) and a zero-bias internal base sheet resistance of about 3 kΩ/sq. The reasons for achieving a higher product fTBVCEO(>; 1.5 THzV) than anticipated from the classical Johnson limit are explained. Finally, it is found that fT is limited by the minority charge stored in the BE junction and that BVCEO is mainly determined by the tunneling mechanisms in the base-collector space-charge region.


The present invention belongs to the field of food processing, there is provided a method for its preparation Kudzu Ding. The method includes the steps of: (1) take Kudzu Pueraria get washed Houqie Ding Ding, hot air drying and set aside; (2) Another Kudzu and Gehua, adding the extraction agent, ultrasonic low-temperature extraction process, extracted Kudzu, Gehua active substance extract, add antioxidants in the extract, and then low-temperature vacuum concentrated to give the active substance concentrate Pueraria and Gehua; and (3) will be placed in small Kudzu Pueraria Gehua and the active substance concentrate in vacuo at low temperature conditions, an immersion treatment; (4) Finally, the impregnated Pueraria small vacuum-dry. Prepared by the invention of Pueraria small, its high content of puerarin, Kudzu effectively strengthen the health functions, to meet consumer demand.


The photochemical reactions and spectral properties of 1,1-diphenyl-2-vinylcyclopropane were studied. Upon direct irradiation of the compound at 253.7nm, 1,1-diphenylethylene was formed as a major product along with a small amount of 4,4-diphenylcyclopentene. Sensitized photoreactions showed quite a different phenomena from those of conjugated dienes supporting the spectral results that the cyclopropane ring does not transmit the conjugation in the compound


The paper examines the market impact of a unique IPO certification recently introduced in India – mandatory grading of IPOs by a credit rating agency. The grading was expected to improve the IPO pricing efficiency by providing comprehensive issue-related information to the market, especially to the retail investors. The results indicate that grading has only a limited influence on the IPO demand of retail and institutional investors. The low grade issues appear to have weaker demand from investors relative to the ungraded IPOs. But there is no evidence to support IPO pricing improvement due to the introduction of IPO grading. This is contrary to the evidence reported by some earlier studies. This suggests the failure of grading as an IPO certification.


Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, two Melampsora species on willows collected in China were identified and described. One species, Melampsora salicis-michelsonii sp. nov. on Salix michelsonii, is characterized by uredinia amphigenous to mainly hypophyllous; urediniospores globoid to ellipsoid, echinulate; paraphyses capitate, clavate, intermixed, sometimes thickened at apex; telia amphigenous to mainly epiphyllous, and teliospores subepidermal with evenly thickened wall. Phylogenetically, the new species forms a new monophyletic clade with high support values 93/0.99 (ML/BI). Another species on Salix serrulatifolia is mainly characterized by epiphyllous uredinia and identified as Melampsora salicis-cavaleriei, of which phylogenetic analysis was performed and reported for the first time herein.


es from Algeria after the Algerian War. Ther argues that in both cases the shared language between refugees and receiving societies as well as a form of national solidarity with the refugees were pivotal for the positive reception. The analysis of the emergence of a refugee regime is the central topic of the third chapter. Beginning with the consideration of politically motivated refugee movements in the nineteenth century, the chapter demonstrates the impact that these movements had on the emergence of the notion of refugees as fighters for political liberties in the West – an image which prevailed until the first decades of the Cold War. Only with the reception of the boat people in the 1970s, does Ther see a shift to a humanitarian understanding of refugee reception. Furthermore, he shows how an international refugee regime came into being, with Fridjof Nansen becoming the first High Commissioner for refugees and how, together with a variety of international NGOs, the UNHCR became a main pillar of the modern refugee regime by aiding refugees in areas of crisis. Finally, Ther discusses refugee politics after the Cold War and especially how the Dublin processes in the 1990s laid the foundation for the modern European refugee regime. Discussing at length the changing impact of humanitarianism, human rights, and utilitarianism in refugee receptions since 1990, he argues that the Syrian refugee crisis has demonstrated the absence of a supranational common European policy concerning refugees. A small critical remark on this otherwise overall extremely well-researched, accomplished, and greatly useful scholarly work concerns the comparisons, present throughout the book, between past histories of flight and the refugee crisis of 2014–2016. For the sake of an overarching argument connecting the past with the recent reception of refugees, especially of Syrian refugees, the author tends sometimes to overlook historical peculiarities and the great changes European societies and politics have undergone in the last five centuries. Notwithstanding this criticism, The Outsiders is a fantastic read, with a compelling and comprehensive structure, which presents an overview of all major refugee movements of the last centuries: the book is an excellent read for students and trained historians, as well as for a broader audience interested in refugee history.


Exposure of human plasma to various negatively charged surfaces (glass, kaolin, connective tissue components, urate crystals, endotoxin, etc.) leads to 'contact activation"of plasma and thereby initiates the activation of the intrinsic coagulation, the kinin-forming, and the plasma fibrinolytic systems. Studies of plasmas which are functionally defective in contact activation reactions implicate the following proteins in contact activation reactions: (1) Hageman Factor (HF) (Factor XII); (2) prekallikrein (Fletcher Factor); (3) high MW kininogen (Fitzgerald, Flau¡eac, or Williams Factor) (Contact Activation Cofactor); and (4) Factor XI. Recent studies suggest that a previously postulated HF-dependent plasminogen proactivator is identical to prekallikrein. A mixture of purified HF, high MW kininogen, prekallikrein, and kaolin gives the same rapid rate of activation of purified Factor XI as does an equivalent aliquot of plasma plus kaolin, thus suggesting that contact activation of Factor XI is fully explicable in terms of the interactions between these proteins. Using these purified proteins, the molecular mechanisms of contact activation have been studied extensively, and the results which will be presented support the following new hypothesis. Surface-binding of HF does not convert a detectable fraction (<1%) of HF molecules to active enzymes as previously supposed, but instead it renders HF much more susceptible (100 to 400-fold) to proteolytic activation by plasmin or kallikrein in the presence of high MW kininogen. High MW kininogen is a surface-bound HF cofactor for each step in the reciprocal activation of prekallikrein and HF, and for the limited cleavage of Factor XI by activated HF.


The current COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐Cov‐2 is responsible for more than 6 million deaths globally. The development of broad‐spectrum and cost‐effective antivirals is urgently needed. Medicinal plants are renowned as a complementary approach in which antiviral natural products have been established as safe and effective drugs. Here, we report that the percolation extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSP) is a broad‐spectrum viral entry inhibitor against SARS‐CoV‐1/2 and other enveloped viruses. The viral inhibitory activities of the SSP were evaluated by using pseudotyped SARS‐CoV‐1 and 2, HIV‐1ADA and HXB2, and H5N1. SSP effectively inhibited viral entry and with EC50 values ranging from 3.6 to 5.1 μg/ml. Pre‐treatment of pseudovirus or target cells with SSP showed consistent inhibitory activities with the respective EC50 value of 2.3 or 2.1 μg/ml. SSP blocked both SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and the host ACE2 receptor. In vivo studies indicated that there was no abnormal toxicity and behavior in long‐term SSP treatment. Based on these findings, we concluded that SSP has the potential to be developed as a drug candidate for preventing and treating COVID‐19 and other emerging enveloped viruses.


In recent years a mechanical interpretation has been placed on the mechanism of electrical breakdown in polymeric insulation, with particular reference to the mechanism of electrical treeing. Electrical trees frequently develop from existing voids and delaminations in solid insulating materials in a manner not dissimilar from that of the propagation of cracks. The propagation of cracks has therefore been investigated in a polymeric wedge-shaped sample under the action of the vibrating Maxwell forces induced by the application of alternating voltage. The measurement of the microscopic growth of such a controlled crack has been achieved by applying the technique of laser interferometry. Wedge samples have been tested with a 10 kV, 50 Hz voltage applied between parallel electrodes across the mouth of the wedge for a period of eight hours. The growth of the crack at the tip of the wedge was monitored and the average crack growth rate was calculated. The results of this work have shown that there is appreciable crack growth during this period of voltage application which suggests that the vibrational Maxwell forces could have an effect on the creation of free space from voids or delaminations in practical solid insulation. The creation of free space is the basis for tree growth from such voids and delaminations, when they become sufficiently large to sustain partial discharges within them. A comparison has also been made between the crack growth in wedge samples and the adhesive bond strength between the insulating components which comprise the wedge tip. The technique of laser interferometry permits an accuracy of crack growth measurement of approximately one micron.<<ETX>>


Abstract. We report three cases of bilateral tongue cancer who received interstitial brachytherapysuccessively for each tumour. Tumour control following treatment are as good as that forunilateral tongue cancer and there have been no severe complications in, or around, the tumourarea after using a mandibular protective spacer and dose reduction for the second treatment.Bilateral tongue cancers, which are synchro-nous multicentric cancers found on both sides ofthe oral tongue, are rare. In the last 5 years wehave experienced three such cases and report theresults of treatment by low dose rate brachythera-py for each cancer. Case reports Case 1 A 36-year-old male complained of pain on theright side of his tongue in 1985. He was diagnosedas having leukoplakia pathologically and followedup. In 1991, he noticed another painful lesion onthe left side of his tongue. In 1993, biopsies weretaken from both sides of the tongue whichconfirmed the diagnosis of bilateral squamouscell carcinomas. As the patient was an actor, hewas referred to our institution to receive tongueconserving treatment.On examination the right-sided tumour wassuperficial type measuring 3.661.4 cm, whereasthe left-sided cancer was nodular type measuring1.661.460.3 cm. Cervical lymph node metas-tases were not detected.Because it was associated with pain, the right-sided tumour was treated first by interstitialbrachytherapy with radium-226 needles implantedin a single plane (treated area 4.563.5 cm); thepatient was given 70 Gy in 154 h (Figure 1aand 2). After 7 days, the left-sided lesion wastreated with iridium-192 hairpins implanted in asingle plane (treated area 364 cm); 60 Gy wasgiven in 116 h (Figure 1b and 2). Using the spacerduring interstitial brachytherapy for both lesions,there were no severe complications during, orafter, treatment.In 1996 the patient was suspected of havingrecurrent tumour on the right side of his tongue.A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamouscell carcinoma. He proceeded to hemiglossectomyand prophylactic neck dissection.Since then, he has had neither recurrence of theprimaries nor lymph node metastasis.


Significance Many aquatic microorganisms have evolved CO2-concentration mechanisms (CCMs) to boost photosynthesis. The green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has the best-characterized eukaryotic CCM model. Mutants lacking the limiting CO2-inducible B protein (LCIB) protein are unable to survive in air. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of this effect, we biochemically and structurally characterized a number of LCIB homologues from diverse organisms, including constitutively carbonic anhydrase (CA)-active proteins. We discovered that LCIB proteins structurally resemble β-CAs in both overall fold and active site architecture. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of the LCIB family involved in microalgal CCMs. Aquatic microalgae have evolved diverse CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to saturate the carboxylase with its substrate, to compensate for the slow kinetics and competing oxygenation reaction of the key photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme rubisco. The limiting CO2-inducible B protein (LCIB) is known to be essential for CCM function in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To assign a function to this previously uncharacterized protein family, we purified and characterized a phylogenetically diverse set of LCIB homologs. Three of the six homologs are functional carbonic anhydrases (CAs). We determined the crystal structures of LCIB and limiting CO2-inducible C protein (LCIC) from C. reinhardtii and a CA-functional homolog from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, all of which harbor motifs bearing close resemblance to the active site of canonical β-CAs. Our results identify the LCIB family as a previously unidentified group of β-CAs, and provide a biochemical foundation for their function in the microalgal CCMs.


There is an increasing global reliance on the Internet for retrieving information on health, illness, and recovery (Sillence et al, 2007; Laurent et al, 2009; Adams, 2010). People suffering from a vast array of illnesses, conditions, and complaints, as well as healthy travelers seeking advice about safe practices abroad, and teens seeking information about safe sexual practices are all now more likely to go to the internet for information than they are to rely solely on a general practitioner or physician (Santor et al, 2007; Moreno et al, 2009; Bartlett et al, 2010). Women in particular seek advice and support online for a number of health-related concerns regarding issues such as puberty, conception, pregnancy, postnatal depression, mothering, breast-cancer recovery, and ageing healthily (van Zutphen, 2008; Raymond et al, 2005). In keeping with this increasing socio-technological trend, the Women's Health Unit at the Queensland University of Technology (Q.U.T), Brisbane, Australia, introduced the research, design, and development of online information resources for issues affecting the health of Australian women as an assessment item for students in the undergraduate Public Health curriculum. Students were required to research a particular health issue affecting Australian women, including pregnancy, pregnancy terminations, postnatal depression, returning to the work force after having a baby, breast cancer recovery, chronic disease prevention, health and safety for sex-workers, and ageing healthily. Students were required to design and develop websites that supported people living with these conditions, or who were in these situations. The websites were designed for communicating effectively with both women seeking information about their health, and their health practitioners.

The pedagogical challenge inherent in this exercise was twofold: firstly, to encourage students to develop the skills to design and maintain software for online health forums; and secondly, to challenge public health students to go beyond generating 'awareness' and imparting health information to developing a nuanced understanding of the worlds and perspectives of their audiences, who require supportive networks and options that resonate with their restrictions, capabilities, and dispositions. This latter challenge spanned the realms of research, communication, and aesthetic design. This paper firstly, discusses an increasing reliance on the Internet by women seeking health-related information and the potential health risks and benefits of this trend. Secondly, it applies a post-structural analysis of the de-centred and mobile female self, as online social 'spaces' and networks supersede geographical 'places' and hierarchies, with implications for democracy, equality, power, and ultimately women's health. Thirdly, it depicts the processes (learning reflections) and products (developed websites) created within this Women's Health Unit by the students. Finally, we review this development in the undergraduate curriculum in terms of the importance of providing students with skills in research, communication, and technology in order to share and implement improved health care and social marketing for women as both recipients and providers of health care in the Internet Age.


An empirical test was conducted to determine the degree to which respondents would follow the directions of the randomizing device in the directed response model of the randomized response technique (RRT). The results showed that a sizable percentage of the respondents would not give the directed response to a question if that response was a socially undesirable one and the question was sufficiently sensitive.


The one-bone forearm is a salvage procedure that can be used in chronic distal radio-ulnar joint instability, therefore sacrificing pronation-supination in order to reduce pain. Failed consolidation is a common complication and associated with several risk factors. Many authors insist on the need for rigid fixation, combining bone grafting, internal fixation and external fixation together when faced with complicated upper-limb reconstruction.


The popularity of Spinning Message System, can be found in many existing projects which apply the creative concept of Persistence of Vision (POV) by using LEDs in the phenomenon of creating an after-image which is thought to persist for a period of time by humans' eyes. However, most of the existing projects share the similarity of displaying spinning (LED) message with fixed patterns. The objective of this paper is to design a spinning LED message system with adjustable displayed patterns in a more user-friendly way. The scope of this paper is to create a spinning LED message system which able to display patterns of totals 24x7 pixels of characters. The limitation of characters displayed includes the ASCII alphabets from 'A' to 'Z' and numbers from '0' to '9'. The proposed system is designed by interfacing the ASCII characters input by the user with the patterns stored inside the Microchip PIC18F4550 with desired timing delays of 0.76ms for every pixel. The results obtained are verified that the proposed spinning LED message system is capable to produce a desired POV patterns by the user.


PhD dissertation addressing what can be called conceptual-mathematical anomalies in quantum electrodynamics.
This work can be seen as following the line of philosophy of physics studies of quantum field theory that started to emerge in a systematic way in the early eighties of last century. One example is Teller's (1995) work on standard quantum electrodynamics.In this work, by following a historical approach, I will return to the standard version
of quantum electrodynamics, which is the only one available when we want to get numbers out to compare with experimental results.
This work spins around two main vectors. One is the divergence of the S-matrix series expansion, the other is the spatio-temporal description of physical processes in
the theory.


Everything has a history. Nothing exists without a history; surely everything comes from a history and evolves on it. What can we conclude about the course of history that designer should take a moment and think about as someone dealing with communication in detail in today's media environment where everything changes rapidly? Flowing on the currents of industrial society that carried human life and way of thinking during the last century, what was given a higher priority by communication designers was not far removed from the mechanical technology-and material-oriented history, which instituted them to be called graphic designer or visual designer -- i.e. someone who deals with only part of the senses. It is, on the other hand, true that they dealt with the structures of society and media and communication in a comprehensive way in the context of such history. That the importance of design both in society and in the lives of individuals is even more underscored in the 21st century is not unrelated to this. Historically, communication designers have strived to develop a series of strategic methodologies that always materialize the desires and hopes lying dormant in individual and social relationship, focusing on the concrete elements of communication such as advertisements, signs and symbols that are produced, consumed, and distributed in industrial society. Nowaday the media environment is at work deep in our everyday life, overcoming technological limitations each day and offering us a wonderful environment for communication. It overcomes the limitations of time and place and responds to human senses, prompting us to conceive ideas for an entirely new (and expanded) communication design that go beyond gratifying desires. In this context, we as communication designers would like to trace back from the viewpoint of total perception the viewpoints with which human communication environment has progressed in the history of media. It is not to design an innovative media environment that relies on new technological possibilities and lets us overcome the physical limitations of human beings. It is to find the ground that offers fresh viewpoints on communication media design by re-discussing communication with the fundamental questions of human communication: human beings and exchange. And this is only to explore new starting points that would open expanded paths of communication.


In the Republic of China,the study on Mencius Ideology as a part of traditional culture had changed,which had a close relationship with the shaping of the citizens of the Republic of China.Education is very important to shape the new citizen.From knowledge-power point of view,the paper will study the relation between the study on Mencius ideology and eaducation to examine how traditional culture has been combined with the goal of discipline.


Critical theory and cultural studies have articulated a substantial and vital challenge to the very foundations of traditional scholarship, which remains rigidly scientistic in its orientation. One outcome of this challenge is that claims of subjectivity on the part of the critic are accommodated. The stylistic dimensions of critical scholarship, however, also are noteworthy, and their political implications are perhaps no less significant. The aforementioned relative latitude in content has not been accompanied by a concurrent loosening of aesthetic mores. In this article engaging critical rhetoric as a case study, I argue that the aesthetic conventions of scholarship, as imposed upon the unique, ideologically overt character of critical scholarship, constrain and even undermine the critical project.


Thick anodized titanium plates with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by 2-step anodization method: first anodization in the bath (H3PO4-H2SO4-H202) containing Sn02 and/or TiO2 particles ; reanodization in the mixture of NH4HF2 and H202. The apparent rate constant (k), which was evaluated by the photooxidation decomposition of CH3CHO gas, was drastically improved by the addition of Sn02 and/or TiO2 particles . The high k value was mainly induced by the three things: (1) TiO2 particles loaded on the film surface; (2) crystal growth of anatase because of a significant change in electrolytic behaviour; (3) acceleration of charge career separation owing to the transfer of a part of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 to Sn02 particles in the films . Key-words : Photocatalytic activity , Sn02, Titanium, Anodic oxide film, TiO2


This session focused on the current status of neutrino event generators, in practical terms the tool through which 'theory confronts experiment'. Comparisons of event generators, both in terms of input physics, and in terms of produced distributions, has been a staple of this conference series, and the activities in this area are summarized. In addition, we discuss the highest priorities for model development, discuss the changing needs of experimental users, and comment on challenges and needs for the road ahead.


Kuju Volcano in central Kyushu, Japan has an active fumarolic field in the central part . Resistivity measurement was applied in order to detect the steam reservoir beneath the fumarolic field. As the result, an extremely resistive zone higher than 1000ƒ¶m was detected at a depth of 10 to 50 m. A short directional hole (27 m long and 18m deep below the surface) was dug toward the resistive zone in May 1991. We obtained superheated steam from the margin of the resistive zone and then used it for material testing. The temperature of the steam was 233•Ž at the well head and was estimated to be 278•Ž at the bottom of the hole. In November 2001 , we planned to get much hotter steam in order to conduct another experiment. Then a longer directional hole (47 m long and 30 m deep below the surface) was dug toward the center of the above-mentioned resistive zone . However, we obtained only saturated steam and the temperature at the well head was about 98•Ž . The saturated steam was discharged for about one month but stopped discharging because of deposition of sulfur inside the pipe. Repeat resistivity measurement was conducted in order to clarify the change in the thermal state in September 2002. The resistivity model showed that the resistivity of the above mentioned resistive zone decreased to several tens ƒ¶ m , that is, the resistive zone has disappeared. Such a drastic change would be explained if we assume that the superheated steam reservoir turned to be the liquid dominated reservoir, that is, the change in resistivity means cooling of the reservoir. The cold meteoric groundwater around the fumarolic field may be supplied to the steam reservoir. Phreatic eruptions occurred at about 300 m south of the active fumarolic field in October and December 1995. Geophysical monitoring after the eruption shows quick cooling of the central part of the volcano and also indicates a large amount of meteoric water supply to the central part of the volcano. The change in resistivity observed in this study may be one of the phenomena associated with the 1995 Phreatic eruptions.


Early American life insurers found themselves facing the problem of asymmetric information, as they needed to rely on applicants themselves to provide truthful, complete answers to a standard set of questions. In an attempt to repersonalize the relationship between their boards of directors and the individual applicants, firms selected highly respected local citizens to act as their agents. These agents were expected to evaluate the appearance of candidates, unearth evidence of unhealthy family histories or questionable habits, and attest to the respectability of people writing testimonial letters on an applicant's behalf. In short, the initial purpose of the agency system was not to actively solicit customers, but rather to recreate the glass-bowl mentality associated with small towns or city neighborhoods.


The disclosed embodiments relate to providing a customized programmable logic controller (PLC). A first order is received. The first order specifies a first subset of PLC components of a set of PLC components (184). A first PLC housing is selected from a plurality of PLC housings for the first subset of PLC components. The first PLC housing is of a minimal size necessary to accommodate the PLC components in the first subset. The PLC is caused to be assembled using the first PLC housing and the first subset of PLC components. The customized PLC is caused to be provided in response to the first order.


The exciplex lasers are now the most powerful among plasma lasers from visible to VUV range. The lasers on the exciplex molecules KrF ((lambda) equals 249 nm), ArF ((lambda) equals 193 nm), XeF ((lambda) equals 351, 353 nm) are most advanced. The operating transition of this laser is B yields X. The lower (ground) operating term X is the repulsive or weak-coupled one. The highest efficiency (10%) have KrF-laser and may be ArF-laser. The XeF-laser efficiency is not so high (approximately 3%), but this laser is of interest because it has the lowest threshold of pumping among exciplex lasers. Therefore, the opportunity of nuclear pumping of XeF-laser is under discussion. The X term have in XeF molecule a rather deep well. This peculiarity leads to more strong gas temperature dependence and not high efficiency. It must be mentioned that in the models of the XeF-laser developed up to today, the temperature dependence of plasma-chemical reaction rates, and its influence on laser output is not considered in details. Besides, the only effective operating transition, not the lasing on two separate transitions ((lambda) equals 351 and 353 nm) was considered in most papers.


Fuzzy rule interpolation offers a useful means to enhancing the robustness of fuzzy models by making inference possible in sparse rule-based systems. However, in real-world applications of interconnected rule bases, situations may arise when certain crucial antecedents are absent from given observations. If such missing antecedents were involved in the subsequent interpolation process, the final conclusion would not be deducible using conventional means. To address this important issue, a new approach named backward fuzzy rule interpolation and extrapolation (BFRIE) is proposed in this paper, allowing the observations, which directly relate to the conclusion to be inferred or interpolated from the known antecedents and conclusion. This approach supports both backward interpolation and extrapolation which involve multiple fuzzy rules, with each having multiple antecedents. As such, it significantly extends the existing fuzzy rule interpolation techniques. In particular, considering that there may be more than one antecedent value missing in an application problem, two methods are proposed in an attempt to perform backward interpolation with multiple missing antecedent values. Algorithms are given to implement the approaches via the use of the scale and move transformation-based fuzzy interpolation. Experimental studies that are based on a real-world scenario are provided to demonstrate the potential and efficacy of the proposed work.


Given current threats of global change on biodiversity, it is of outstanding importance to unravel the mechanisms that allowed the evolutionary construction of biodiversity hotspots. Sierra Nevada is a hotspot within the Mediterranean basin, where a complex geological and climatic history have promoted a high diversity of habitats, moulding different plant communities and assemblages. In this context, the evolutionary history of species is critical to understand the current composition of communities. In this project, we have developed a phylogenetic approach using the woody flora of Sierra Nevada, which is nested within the Baetic-Rifan hotspot. We use floristic data for the whole Baetic-Rifan hotspot, the Baetic sierras and woody plant communities at different elevations and substrates in Sierra Nevada, as well as regional megaphylogenies for the whole hotspot and phylogenies specifically developed for Sierra Nevada. We specifically address the following key questions: (i) How is alpha and beta phylogenetic diversity distributed in the Baetic-Rifan hotspot and what is the position of Sierra Nevada within this context? (ii) What is the phylogenetic and functional structure of woody plant communities, and how does community structure vary along elevation gradients Desentrañando la historia y evolución en el principal «hotspot» de biodiversidad vegetal ibérica... 153 and different substrates? (iii) What are the biological correlates of these adaptive and differentiation processes? Besides, in order to get a better understanding of the mechanisms driving adaptive change and originating diversity and endemism, we study (iv) the phylogenetic and genetic relationships of a key genus of high diversity in Sierra Nevada, Helianthemum (Cistaceae). Thus, we jointly address the macroand microevolutionary mechanisms determining the high plant biodiversity of Sierra Nevada and surrounding regions.


Our theoretical treatment of electronic structures in coordination complexes often rests on assumptions of symmetry. Experiments rarely provide fully symmetric systems to study. In solutions, fluctuations in solvation, variations in conformations, and even changes in constitution occur and complicate the picture. In crystals, lattice distortion, energy transfer, and phonon quenching play a role, but we are able to identify distinct symmetries. Yet the question remains: How is the real symmetry in a crystal compared to ideal symmetries?


The reasons for this vary. On the one hand, regulatory requirements (swimming pool water regulations or DIN 19643 for water treatment) stipulate continuous pH measurement and documentation of the measuring point. On the other hand, pH measurement serves as a quality-determining parameter in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Staying within narrow limits for the pH value guarantees the desired product quality, increases the yield of the desired final product, and reduces the amount of undesired byproducts. At the same time, however, several aspects require attention during the pH measurement, namely, selection of the sensor as well as its regular calibration and maintenance. This article provides important practical information regarding selection as well as use of pH sensors and discusses a variety of critical factors.


Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of intravenous injection port contamination in 3-way stopcock (open-system) or needleless connector (closed-system) intravenous infusion devices before and after disinfecting for 3 seconds with alcohol cotton. Methods: Eighty patients who underwent intravenous infusion therapy from April 1, 2018, to June 30, 2018, in a surgical intensive care unit were included. The sampling time was 48 hours after intravenous injection. Patients received 3-way stopcock or needleless connectors in intravenous infusion devices. The device was wiped with alcohol cotton for 3 seconds. Before and after the disinfection of each intravenous infusion port, the intravenous injection port was swapped with a sterile swab. The number of colonies was compared using the blood agar plate medium. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of colonies between the devices (P=0.001). The number of total colonies was much less in the needleless connectors than in the 3-way stopcock. There was no difference after disinfection of the injection port for 3 seconds, but the number of colonies in the needleless connector was lesser than that in the 3-way stopcock. Conclusion: Needleless connector systems (closed-system) are subject to a lower contamination level than 3-way stopcock systems (open-system). It was confirmed that 3 seconds of disinfection time of the intravenous infusion port is insufficient to decrease bacterial colonization.


Gender differences in educational attainment have generated considerable debate. Unfortunately, this debate has been constructed in terms of either the measurement of change in the size of the gender gap over time or attempts to theorise such change. This scholarly divide reflects the commitment of researchers to particular methodological paradigms. Therefore, this paper draws on part of a longitudinal, mixedmethods study conducted in three Sixth Forms in England to examine both the extent and causes of gender differences in attainment. Initially, a questionnaire was completed by 330 students in the Sixth Forms and, subsequently, in-depth interviews, nonparticipant observation and a vignette were used to explore students' educational experiences. The public examination grades students held on entering and leaving the Sixth Form were analysed to establish gender differences in attainment. At the start of students' studies, the size of the gender gap in attainment was found to be relatively modest and this gap narrowed further on completion of the course. The declining relevance of gender to attainment was explicable in terms of students' growing awareness of gender, the convergence of their educational practices and changing patterns of social interaction. Nevertheless, gender became more relevant to attainment the closer issues of occupational inequality were approached.


Abstract Spatial reasoning ability is key to an individual's understanding of geology and geosciences more broadly. One reason why is because spatial ability allows individuals to use multiple external representations (MERs) to understand information that they cannot normally interact with directly, such as the Earth. This article presents results from two studies that investigate the relationship between students' understanding of plate tectonics and their use of MERs along with spatial ability more broadly. Students' spatial ability was measured using the Perspective Taking Spatial Orientation Test, Water Level Task, and Purdue Spatial Visualization Tests: Visualization of Rotations. Students' understanding of plate tectonics was measured using a variable representation assessment. This type of assessment lets students actively use different MERs as answer options. The results of the two studies suggest that spatial ability did not have a direct relationship with students' scores on the plate tectonics assessment. Instead, students' understanding of plate tectonics may be better understood through their prior knowledge of the subject and their use of MERs. Specifically, their collective increased attention in using one particular type of representation. More research should be conducted to further understand what scenarios spatial ability aids students' understanding of plate tectonics and other areas of geosciences.


The article describes a number of global tendencies of the development of modern higher professional education which are determined by the world transformations. The tendencies are under the influence of the world social problems, and are considered to be the most effective ones in the context of practical activities for achievement of educational goals. It has been revealed in the course of detailed analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature that the most popular tendencies of the development of higher professional education are the follows: online learning, distance learning, social media learning platforms, integrated problem-based learning, augmented and virtual reality learning, Internet resources (mass open online courses), blockchain technology, digitization of education, health-preserving environment of educational organization, social education management, students' encouragement to self-education, students' involvement to management of higher professional education institution, life-long learning, development of coaching, mentoring, tutorship, constant growth and improvement of teachers' skills, gamification of education. Studying the educational tendencies of the development of higher professional education have allowed to find out that none of the educational tendencies is universal, although they are actual and problematic. The learning combines various methods that allows the most comprehensive solution of modern educational problems. The conclusions are drawn to the point that the only methodology that combines modern educational innovations and innovative teaching experience is considered to be the most progressive for further development of higher professional education and requires application into teaching practice.


ABSTRACT This year-long qualitative study draws from multimodal theory and New Literacies Studies to document the digital literacy experiences of a diverse group of 2nd-graders using e-readers. Twenty-first century classrooms must expand traditional notions of literacy to prepare students for the ever-changing, media-rich world. Students participated in small-group digital reading workshops, where they read interactive picture books. The data mainly drew from transcripts of student interactions and open-ended interviews and were analyzed through a combination of comparative and discourse analyses. The author argues that multimodal texts offer opportunities for rehearsal of literacy practices, engagement, talk as a choice of reader response, and student agency. Even though personal digital devices offer opportunities for independent reading, young readers still need social interactions around books to co-construct meaning. The study found the students spent additional time reading and successfully mediated the available resources as they engaged in digital reading.


Microscopic observations were also made of kapok fibres degraded under liquid culture conditions by the soft rot fungus H micola alopallonellaMeyers & Moore. The fungus was grown for 3 weeks at 25 °C in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 25 ml of the following basal salts media: NH 4NO3, 1.0 g; KH2PO4, 1.0 g; MgSO4. 7H2O, 0.5 g; FeSO4. 7H2O, 0.1 g; ZnSO4. 7H2O, 0.01 g; plus yeast extract (0.01 g); glucose (2.5 g), and asparagine (1.0g). Small tussocks of kapok fibres were added prior to autoclaving and the fungus inoculated using 3 * 1 cm-2 agar pieces removed from the fungus actively growing on 2 % w/v malt agar plates. Partially decayed kapok fibres were removed for both light and electron microscopic observations.


ZnO crystals were synthesized from basic aqueous solutions including zincate ions stabilized with triethanolamine (N(C2H4OH)3, teaH3) by heating at 60°C. The influence of the basicity of the solutions on the morphology of the ZnO crystals was examined. The aqueous solutions were prepared using ZnSO4·7H2O, N(CH3)4OH (TMAOH), and teaH3 as a zinc source, a base, and a stabilizer, respectively, at a zinc concentration of 0.2 M at a teaH3 / Zn molar ratio of 4. Clear solutions were obtained at a molar ratio of TMAOH / Zn ≥ 3.0. When the clear solutions, in which glass or polyester substrates were placed, were heated at 60°C, agglomerates of ZnO crystals were deposited on the substrates in the TMAOH / Zn range from 3.0 to 3.6. With increasing the TMAOH / Zn ratio, the shape of the resulting ZnO crystals changed from a short asymmetric column with a hexagonal flat edge and a rounded one, through a rocket‐like shape formed by intergrowth, to a hexagonal rod. Although no films of ZnO were formed, ZnO crystals with different shapes were synthesized. When the glass substrates pre‐coated with a ZnO thin film by a sol‐gel method were used, highly oriented, dense ZnO films were formed. The films consisted of rod‐like crystals aligned normal to the substrate surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


There are several challenges to support healthcare context; however, it is necessary to investigate a current reality in the Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS) field: the incorporation of emergent systems. This paper presents a review on how emergent systems have been investigated in last decade in the context of CBMS conference series. Results show that CBMS strategies should consider that these systems cannot be treated as something simple and that a deepest analysis can show its real complexity.


Background: The precise number of NMDA receptors is critical for excitatory neurotransmission. Results: Key amino acid residues within membrane domains contribute to the regulation of the surface expression of NMDA receptors. Conclusion: Multiple signals within membrane domains are involved in the early processing of NMDA receptors. Significance: This might be the first sign of a mechanism that regulates the trafficking of NMDA receptors. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamate ionotropic receptors that play critical roles in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and excitotoxicity. The functional NMDA receptors, heterotetramers composed mainly of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits, likely pass endoplasmic reticulum quality control before they are released from the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficked to the cell surface. However, the mechanism underlying this process is not clear. Using truncated and mutated NMDA receptor subunits expressed in heterologous cells, we found that the M3 domains of both NR1 and NR2 subunits contain key amino acid residues that contribute to the regulation of the number of surface functional NMDA receptors. These key residues are critical neither for the interaction between the NR1 and NR2 subunits nor for the formation of the functional receptors, but rather they regulate the early trafficking of the receptors. We also found that the identified key amino acid residues within both NR1 and NR2 M3 domains contribute to the regulation of the surface expression of unassembled NR1 and NR2 subunits. Thus, our data identify the unique role of the membrane domains in the regulation of the number of surface NMDA receptors.


Database connection has been widely used in WebGIS, but its efficient is always debased by simultaneous manipulation of multiple users. This paper designs and implements a database connection pool to improve the connecting speed and control the number of connections, based on Oracle and the network mode of C/S.


Over the last few years, the Berkeley Automated Supernova Search has discovered 19 supernova. We present here preliminary measurements of supernova rates from a subset of these supernovae, which were found from a sample of well-monitored galaxies. Two effects are apparent: a surprising number of the supernovae are Type Ic supernovae, and most (17 out of 19) of the supernovae are in late spiral galaxies. Less luminous supernovae may still be escaping our attention. If the Milky Way galaxy is a late spiral, the core-collapse supernova rate (i.e., for supernovae of types II, Ib, and Ic) should be at least one supernova every 44 {plus minus} 9 years (assuming H = 75 km/sec/Mpc). A crude estimate of the core collapse supernova rate in Sc and Sbc galaxies within 5 Mpc would be one supernova every 7 years. These rates have important implications for the design of supernova neutrino, gamma-ray, and gravity-wave detectors. Plans have been developed to extend our search to a better site with more sensitivity to understand the true core-collapse supernova rate in nearby galaxies. 13 refs.


This issue considers some of the objects that people of the western half of the island of New Guinea make or use. West Papua, culturally part of Melanesia, is often excluded from debates in Melanesian anthropology because of its distinct colonial history. It is an irony that constraints which have inhibited long-term research projects in the western half of the island have resulted in such unbalanced knowledge of the many distinct language and social groups across the whole of New Guinea. By comparison with eastern New Guinea, little is recorded, especially in English language anthropology, about the knowledge and practice and distinct social forms of the many groups in western New Guinea, here discussed as West Papua. In considering questions about objects made and used in this region, this special issue seeks to draw West Papua into some of the debates within Melanesian anthropology. The title of this special issue includes two problematic terms: 'art' and 'West Papua'. 'Art' is problematic because of the many debates on how aptly the English language term 'art' (and its European language equivalents) can be applied to objects made and used by people who do not have a cognate term. 'West Papua' is problematic because of the many political complexities and sensitivities concerning the naming of the western half of the island of New Guinea. This special issue does not so much address these difficulties head on as provide a series of perspectives on them, providing ethnographic data through which they can be considered and framed. The papers in this issue began as contributions to a one-day seminar organised by Nick Stanley and myself in 2008 at the British Museum, as part of the Melanesian Art project. This five-year research project (2005 10), led by Nicholas Thomas and myself, was designed to consider the significance of the Melanesian collections at the British Museum to people in the region today (Bolton et al. 2011). The project took still and video images of objects back to communities, but also brought groups of people to London, to look at objects in the museum context. In the context of a close


The solubilities of iron in samples treated with various oxygen precipitation treatments were compared. The solubility of iron was reduced by almost two orders of magnitude in samples containing low‐temperature oxygen precipitates. It is suggested that a new phase forms, probably an oxygen‐metal rich compound that is more stable than the FeSi2 silicide. This study suggests dramatic improvements for the efficiency of gettering processes.


The crystal structure of [Cr(CO)5{P(C6H4Me-o)3}] has been determined. It reveals an exo2 conformation for the phosphine ligand, in agreement with molecular mechanics calculations. Barriers to P–C rotation in the series [M(CO)5{P(C6H4Me-o)3}](M = Cr, Mo or W) are in the range 36–42 kJ mol–1; restricted M–P rotation is also evident in the low-temperature 13CO NMR spectrum of [Cr(CO)5{P(C6H4Me-o)3}]. The crystal structure of the π complex [Cr(CO)3{P(C6H4Me-o)}3] is most consistent with an electron-acceptor character for the P(C6H4Me-o)2 substituent. Crystal data: [Cr(CO)5{P(C6H4Me-o)3}], monoclinic, space group P21/n, a= 10.774(2), b= 14.951(5), c= 14.687(7)A, β= 91.45(2)°, Z= 4, R′= 0.0980 for 209 variable parameters and 2326 observed reflections; [Cr(CO)3{P(C6H4Me-o)3}], monoclinic, space group P21/a, a= 16.725(2), b= 7.340(1), c= 17.675(4), β= 92.66(2)°, Z= 4, R′= 0.1187 for 263 variable parameters and 1848 observed reflections.


Why am I here?I don't understandyour questions.I throw up my hand but my wordsburst out—Pop! Pop!like bubbles from a dropped soda bottle.Teacher always says "wait, patience!"but I can't do patience...


The solvent extraction of europium(III) in aqueous 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium nitrate or sodium chloride solutions with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) into chloroform, toluene, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone ...


Two individuals of Varied Tit which looked like Parus varius varius. the main Japan islands subspecies, were observed on Miyake-jima Island (34°05'N, 139°32'E) in the Izu Islands in the winter of 1996-1997. Following capture and examination of their plumage and body dimensions, they were confirmed to be P. v. varius. These birds spent the 1996-1997 winter in the broad-leaved evergreen forest of the southern region of Miyake-jima Island, before migrating elsewhere in April, 1997. This is the first record of the subspecies P. v. varius within the geographical range of P. v. owstoni.


In this article, the event‐triggered (ET) output feedback control problem is discussed for a class of p$$ p $$ ‐normal nonlinear time‐delay systems. Different from the related existing literature, the linear growth condition is relaxed to the homogeneous one and the growth rate is unknown. In the case of unknown time‐varying delays and control coefficients, nonsmooth control law and some extra redundant terms will be encountered in the design of ET controller, which would bring substantial challenges to the achievement of global convergence. To cope with unknown growth rate and time‐varying delays, two dynamic gains and an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) are introduced. Then, a new dynamic ET mechanism is given, in which the triggering threshold can be tuned dynamically. It is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system (CLS) are bounded. Corresponding examples are given to indicate the validity of the developed theoretical results.


Emergency logistics plays an increasingly important role in major pandemic prevention and control, and blockchain is considered to be a widely used cutting-edge technology. Exploring how to apply the advanced technology of blockchain to improve emergency logistics has important theoretical significance and practical value. The analysis of research status shows that there are few literatures on the application of blockchain in emergency logistics under major pandemic. This paper first analyzes the coupling relationship between the demand of pandemic prevention and control for emergency logistics and the advantages of blockchain technology, then explores the application of blockchain technology in the construction of emergency logistics system under pandemic from three dimensions of efficient operation, donation assistance and intelligent development, and finally puts forward three typical application modes and formulates a series of relevant measures, so as to effectively improve the level of emergency logistics and provide stronger support for effectively coping with pandemic.


Herein is provided a high-performance on-chip coplanar waveguide slow-wave structure of the silicon through the penetration hole, and a method for manufacturing an integrated circuit design structure. The method comprises forming in the substrate (10) at least one ground plane layer (25) formed in the substrate and located in at least one signal layer (30) of the same layer plane of the ground plane layer. The method further comprises forming at least one metal-filled through-silicon via (35) between at least one signal layer and the ground plane layer.


The problem of quantitative estimation of "behavioral" and "perceived" loyalty of clients is considered. The theme of the paper is to study the algorithm for filling segments, based on the Bayes formula. The methods of probability theory, mathematical statistics, cognitive modeling, regression analysis are used. The article proposes the concept of determining the quantitative evaluation of loyalty, combining "behavioral" and "perceived". The findings and results of the study are aimed at the use in retail companies, regardless of their size, specialization and the volume of the client base. In addition, the developed methods can be modified and used for analysis in other areas of business. Keywords— Bayes formula; customer loyalty; "Behavioral" loyalty; "Perceived" loyalty; evaluation of loyalty Loyalty is the number of regular customers of the firm among all the number of customers who form its basic client structure and determine the volume indicators of the organization. Regular customers buy from the same company, bringing a steady income for several years, which provides the firm a relatively stable position in the market. Moreover, according to the research, keeping customers is much cheaper than attracting new ones. In this case, the more loyal the client, the easier it is to retain [1]. II. LOYALTY MANAGEMENT Loyalty management (LM) includes the current assessment of customer loyalty, the formation of loyalty through programs to increase it and evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. In CRM-systems LN, as a rule, is realized as a separate subsystem, for example, library, module, package, etc. [2-4]. Let us consider a loyalty management subsystem as an independent system, whose goal is to maximize customer loyalty. This goal is coordinated with the main purpose of using CRM the maximum attraction of funds [5-8]. We construct the simplest model of this subsystem. In the company there are many clients K. Each client has a lot of personal characteristics C, a lot of objective quantitative indicators O, a lot of subjective assessments of the company's activities D. let us define these sets:  C : {c j} , j= 1, N c      


School of Advanced Materials, Peking Shenzhen 518055, China. E-mail: menghong State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Synthesis and Functionalization, Departm Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Chi Key Lab for Flexible Electronics & Institute Synergistic Innovation Center for Advan University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nan-Jing, † Electronic supplementary informa 10.1039/c6sc00973e Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00973e


Cracks that may cause pipeline cracking and leakage become the main risk of in-service pipelines after conventional metal loss defects have been detected. Therefore, it is imperative to develop ultra-high-definition magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection for cracks. Due to the larger spatial sampling interval of conventional MFL inspections than the crack defect width, sparse sampling will result in problems such as missed detection of crack defects or insufficient signal sampling of crack defect MFL signals. To address the problem, this paper presents a detection topology in which the magnetic field signal is integrated first and then sampled, and it can effectively sample the leakage magnetic field of cracks. Furthermore, a magnetic field spatial integration (MFSI) method is proposed based on the magnetic dipole model, which develops an analytical solution for the depth quantification of crack defects. Using the multi-MFL spatial integral values under different lift offs, iterative equations are constructed, and the numerical solution for the width quantification of crack defects is provided. The finite element simulation and physical experiment are constructed. And, the results show that the proposed MFSI method can realize the quantification of crack size. When the crack defect aspect ratio is greater than 4, the quantization error of the crack depth and width does not exceed 0.7 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The robustness of the MFSI method for crack quantification is also discussed and verified. Moreover, based on theoretical analysis and simulation data, this paper concludes that the distribution of cracks MFL signal is width-insensitive, which would cause that classic MFL opening profile recognition methods for metal loss defects are no longer applicable to crack defects. Therefore, the proposed MFSI method is useful and meaningful for crack defect quantification in ultra-high-definition MFL detection.


We obtain exhaustive classification of inequivalent realizations of the Witt and Virasoro algebras by Lie vector fields of differential operators in the space $\mathbb{R}^3$. Using this classification we describe all inequivalent realizations of the direct sum of the Witt algebras in $\mathbb{R}^3$. These results enable constructing all possible (1+1)-dimensional classically integrable equations that admit infinite dimensional symmetry algebra isomorphic to the Witt or the direct sum of Witt algebras. In this way the new classically integrable nonlinear PDE in one spatial dimension has been obtained. In addition, we construct a number of new nonlinear (1+1)-dimensional PDEs admitting infinite symmetries.


This article introduced the experience the processing of mixsnow stratification treatment of seeding of Korean pine.The results were snow stratification treatment made the growth earlier,growth period of extent and ability of drought and disease resistance.


Volume fluctuations are introduced in a statistical modeling of relativistic particle collisions. The microcanonical ensemble is used, and the volume fluctuations are assumed to have specific scaling properties. This leads to the KNO scaling of the particle multiplicity distributions as measured in p + p interactions. A striking prediction of the model is a power law form of the single particle momentum spectrum at high momenta. Moreover, the mean multiplicity of heavy particles also decreases as a function of the particle mass according to a power law. Finally, it is shown that the dependence of the momentum spectrum on the particle mass and momentum reduces to the dependence on the particle energy. These results resemble the properties of particle production in collisions of high energy particles.


A multitude of daily tools collect our personal data that, in a second moment, are shared with a commercial purpose within several agencies; even though the related legislation is aimed at granting the control on our personal data, in practice the chances to control their sharing is weak. These instruments are deeply useful and, moreover, they constitute a source of advantages for consumers. For this specific reason, despite everybody still worries for privacy, the demand or probably the convenience of these tools has become the major consumers' concern is no more maintaining the supervision on personal data, but instead surveillance is exercised in a way that doesn't cause any
bother.


Abstract The main objective of this research paper was to determine the psychological adjustment upon the children of working women and non-working women belonging to nuclear and joint family structure of Pakistan. The sample of present research consisted of 200 adolescent children of working women and non-working women including 50 children of working women of nuclear family structure (22 male, 28 female), 50 children of nonworking women of nuclear family structure (28 male, 22 female), 50 children of working women belonging to joint family structure (35 male, 15 female) and 50 children of non-working women belonging to joint family structure (34 male, 16 female). Their age range was from 12 to 18 years. It was hypothesized that adolescent children of working and non-working women belonging to nuclear and joint family structure, differ in their psychological adjustment. Subjects were interviewed by personal information questionnaire. Then Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory (RAASI) was administered in order to determine the psychological problems among adolescent children of working and non-working women belonging to nuclear and joint family structure. Then their responses were scored to determine the level of their psychological adjustment. Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test were applied to test the study hypotheses. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the psychological adjustment of adolescent children of working and non-working women in nuclear and joint family structure.